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Bustamante CM, Todorov T, Gadea ED, Tarasi F, Stella L, Horsfield A, Scherlis DA. Modeling the electroluminescence of atomic wires from quantum dynamics simulations. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:214102. [PMID: 38828814 DOI: 10.1063/5.0201447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Static and time-dependent quantum-mechanical approaches have been employed in the literature to characterize the physics of light-emitting molecules and nanostructures. However, the electromagnetic emission induced by an input current has remained beyond the realm of molecular simulations. This is the challenge addressed here with the help of an equation of motion for the density matrix coupled to a photon bath based on a Redfield formulation. This equation is evolved within the framework of the driven-Liouville von Neumann approach, which incorporates open boundaries by introducing an applied bias and a circulating current. The dissipated electromagnetic power can be computed in this context from the time derivative of the energy. This scheme is applied in combination with a self-consistent tight-binding Hamiltonian to investigate the effects of bias and molecular size on the electroluminescence of metallic and semiconducting chains. For the latter, a complex interplay between bias and molecular length is observed: there is an optimal number of atoms that maximizes the emitted power at high voltages but not at low ones. This unanticipated behavior can be understood in terms of the band bending produced along the semiconducting chain, a phenomenon that is captured by the self-consistency of the method. A simple analytical model is proposed that explains the main features revealed by the simulations. The methodology, applied here at a self-consistent tight-binding level but extendable to more sophisticated Hamiltonians such as density functional tight binding and time dependent density functional theory, promises to be helpful for quantifying the power and quantum efficiency of nanoscale electroluminescent devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Bustamante
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Tchavdar Todorov
- Centre for Quantum Materials and Technologies, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Esteban D Gadea
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo Tarasi
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorenzo Stella
- Centre for Light-Matter Interactions, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Horsfield
- Department of Materials, Thomas Young Centre, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Damián A Scherlis
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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2
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Escorihuela E, Del Barrio J, Davidson RJ, Beeby A, Low PJ, Prez-Murano F, Cea P, Martin S. Large area arrays of discrete single-molecule junctions derived from host-guest complexes. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:1238-1246. [PMID: 38116590 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05122f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The desire to continually reduce the lower limits of semiconductor integrated circuit (IC) fabrication methods continues to inspire interest in unimolecular electronics as a platform technology for the realization of future (opto)electronic devices. However, despite successes in developing methods for the construction and measurement of single-molecule and large-area molecular junctions, exercising control over the precise junction geometry remains a significant challenge. Here, host-guest complexes of the wire-like viologen derivative 1,1'-bis(4-(methylthio)-phenyl)-[4,4'-bipyridine]-1,1'-diium chloride ([1][Cl]2) and cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) have been self-assembled in a regular pattern over a gold substrate. Subsequently, ligandless gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized in situ are deposited over the host-guest array. The agreement between the conductance of individual mono-molecular junctions, appropriately chosen as a function of the AuNP diameter, within this array determined by conductive probe atomic force microscope (c-AFM) and true single-molecule measurements for a closely similar host-guest complex within a scanning tunneling microscope break-junction (STM-BJ) indicates the formation of molecular junctions derived from these host-guest complexes without deleterious intermolecular coupling effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Escorihuela
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Del Barrio
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ross J Davidson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Rd, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Andrew Beeby
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Rd, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Paul J Low
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Francesc Prez-Murano
- Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pilar Cea
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Santiago Martin
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
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Toyota S, Ban S, Hara M, Kawamura M, Ikeda H, Tsurumaki E. Synthesis and Properties of Rubicene-Based Aromatic π-Conjugated Compounds as Five-Membered Ring Embedded Planar Nanographenes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301346. [PMID: 37278362 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of two or three rubicene substructures were designed as π-conjugated compounds embedding five-membered rings. The target compounds with t-butyl groups were synthesized by the Scholl reaction of precursors consisting of 9,10-diphenylanthracene units, even though a partially precyclized precursor was required for the synthesis of the trimer. These compounds were isolated as stable and dark blue solids. Single-crystal X-ray analysis and DFT calculations revealed the planar aromatic framework of these compounds. In the electronic spectra, the absorption and emission bands were considerably red-shifted compared with those of the reference rubicene compound. In particular, the emission band of the trimer extended to the near-IR region while retaining the emissive property. The narrowed HOMO-LUMO gap with the extension of the π-conjugation was confirmed by cyclic voltammetry and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Toyota
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ban
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Muneyasu Hara
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kawamura
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikeda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
- Tokyo Metropolitan College of Industrial Technology, 1-10-40 Higashi-Oi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-0011, Japan
| | - Eiji Tsurumaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
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4
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Valli A, Tomczak JM. Resistance saturation in semi-conducting polyacetylene molecular wires. JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL ELECTRONICS 2023; 22:1363-1376. [PMID: 37840651 PMCID: PMC10567864 DOI: 10.1007/s10825-023-02043-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Realizing the promises of molecular electronic devices requires an understanding of transport on the nanoscale. Here, we consider a Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model for semi-conducting trans-polyacetylene molecular wires in which we endow charge carriers with a finite lifetime. The aim of this exercise is two-fold: (i) the simplicity of the model allows an insightful numerical and analytical comparison of the Landauer and Kubo linear-response formalism; (ii) we distill the prototypical characteristics of charge transport through gapped mesoscopic systems and compare these to bulk semiconductors. We find that both techniques yield a residual differential conductance at low temperatures for contacted polyacetylene chains of arbitrary length-in line with the resistivity saturation in some correlated narrow-gap semiconductors. Quantitative agreement, however, is limited to not too long molecules. Indeed, while the Landauer transmission is suppressed exponentially with the system size, the Kubo response only decays hyperbolically. Our findings inform the choice of transport methodologies for the ab initio modelling of molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Valli
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., Budapest, H-1111 Hungary
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan M. Tomczak
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
- Institute for Solid State Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
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5
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Gorenskaia E, Potter J, Korb M, Lambert C, Low PJ. Exploring relationships between chemical structure and molecular conductance: from α,ω-functionalised oligoynes to molecular circuits. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37070423 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01034a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The quantum circuit rule (QCR) allows estimation of the conductance of molecular junctions, electrode|X-bridge-Y|electrode, by considering the molecule as a series of independent scattering regions associated with the anchor groups (X, Y) and bridge, provided the numerical parameters that characterise the anchor groups (aX, aY) and molecular backbones (bB) are known. Single-molecule conductance measurements made with a series of α,ω-substituted oligoynes (X-{(CC)N}-X, N = 1, 2, 3, 4), functionalised by terminal groups, X (4-thioanisole (C6H4SMe), 5-(3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]thiophene) (DMBT), 4-aniline (C6H4NH2), 4-pyridine (Py), capable of serving as 'anchor groups' to contact the oligoyne fragment within a molecular junction, have shown the expected exponential dependence of molecular conductance, G, with the number of alkyne repeating units. In turn, this allows estimation of the anchor (ai) and backbone (bi) parameters. Using these values, together with previously determined parameters for other molecular fragments, the QCR is found to accurately estimate the junction conductance of more complex molecular circuits formed from smaller components assembled in series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gorenskaia
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6026, Australia.
| | - Jarred Potter
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6026, Australia.
| | - Marcus Korb
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6026, Australia.
| | - Colin Lambert
- Department of Physics, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YB, England, UK.
| | - Paul J Low
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6026, Australia.
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6
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Mang A, Rotthowe N, Beltako K, Linseis M, Pauly F, Winter RF. Single-molecule conductance studies on quasi- and metallaaromatic dibenzoylmethane coordination compounds and their aromatic analogs. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:5305-5316. [PMID: 36811332 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05670d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The ability to predict the conductive behaviour of molecules, connected to macroscopic electrodes, represents a crucial prerequisite for the design of nanoscale electronic devices. In this work, we investigate whether the notion of a negative relation between conductance and aromaticity (the so-called NRCA rule) also pertains to quasi-aromatic and metallaaromatic chelates derived from dibenzoylmethane (DBM) and Lewis acids (LAs) that either do or do not contribute two extra dπ electrons to the central resonance-stabilised β-ketoenolate binding pocket. We therefore synthesised a family of methylthio-functionalised DBM coordination compounds and subjected them, along with their truly aromatic terphenyl and 4,6-diphenylpyrimidine congeners, to scanning tunneling microscope break-junction (STM-BJ) experiments on gold nanoelectrodes. All molecules share the common motif of three π-conjugated, six-membered, planar rings with a meta-configuration at the central ring. According to our results, their molecular conductances fall within a factor of ca. 9 in an ordering aromatic < metallaaromatic < quasi-aromatic. The experimental trends are rationalised by quantum transport calculations based on density functional theory (DFT).
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Affiliation(s)
- André Mang
- Chemistry Department, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Nils Rotthowe
- Chemistry Department, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Katawoura Beltako
- Physics Department, University of Lomé, 1515 Lomé, Togo
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Linseis
- Chemistry Department, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Fabian Pauly
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Rainer F Winter
- Chemistry Department, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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7
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Wang X, Ismael A, Ning S, Althobaiti H, Al-Jobory A, Girovsky J, Astier HPAG, O'Driscoll LJ, Bryce MR, Lambert CJ, Ford CJB. Electrostatic Fermi level tuning in large-scale self-assembled monolayers of oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) derivatives. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:1201-1209. [PMID: 35913108 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00241h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and controlling the orbital alignment of molecules placed between electrodes is essential in the design of practically-applicable molecular and nanoscale electronic devices. The orbital alignment is highly determined by the molecule-electrode interface. Dependence of orbital alignment on the molecular anchor group for single molecular junctions has been intensively studied; however, when scaling-up single molecules to large parallel molecular arrays (like self-assembled monolayers (SAMs)), two challenges need to be addressed: 1. Most desired anchor groups do not form high quality SAMs. 2. It is much harder to tune the frontier molecular orbitals via a gate voltage in SAM junctions than in single molecular junctions. In this work, we studied the effect of the molecule-electrode interface in SAMs with a micro-pore device, using a recently developed tetrapodal anchor to overcome challenge 1, and the combination of a single layered graphene top electrode with an ionic liquid gate to solve challenge 2. The zero-bias orbital alignment of different molecules was signalled by a shift in conductance minimum vs. gate voltage for molecules with different anchoring groups. Molecules with the same backbone, but a different molecule-electrode interface, were shown experimentally to have conductances that differ by a factor of 5 near zero bias. Theoretical calculations using density functional theory support the trends observed in the experimental data. This work sheds light on how to control electron transport within the HOMO-LUMO energy gap in molecular junctions and will be applicable in scaling up molecular electronic systems for future device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintai Wang
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- School of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Ali Ismael
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq
| | - Shanglong Ning
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Hanan Althobaiti
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Taif-University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Al-Jobory
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Anbar, Anbar, Iraq
| | - Jan Girovsky
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Hippolyte P A G Astier
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Luke J O'Driscoll
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Martin R Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
| | - Christopher J B Ford
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
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8
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Xu W, Leary E, Sangtarash S, Jirasek M, González MT, Christensen KE, Abellán Vicente L, Agraït N, Higgins SJ, Nichols RJ, Lambert CJ, Anderson HL. A Peierls Transition in Long Polymethine Molecular Wires: Evolution of Molecular Geometry and Single-Molecule Conductance. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20472-20481. [PMID: 34817985 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecules capable of mediating charge transport over several nanometers with minimal decay in conductance have fundamental and technological implications. Polymethine cyanine dyes are fascinating molecular wires because up to a critical length, they have no bond-length alternation (BLA) and their electronic structure resembles a one-dimensional free-electron gas. Beyond this threshold, they undergo a symmetry-breaking Peierls transition, which increases the HOMO-LUMO gap. We have investigated cationic cyanines with central polymethine chains of 5-13 carbon atoms (Cy3+-Cy11+). The absorption spectra and crystal structures show that symmetry breaking is sensitive to the polarity of the medium and the size of the counterion. X-ray crystallography reveals that Cy9·PF6 and Cy11·B(C6F5)4 are Peierls distorted, with high BLA at one end of the π-system, away from the partially delocalized positive charge. This pattern of BLA distribution resembles that of solitons in polyacetylene. The single-molecule conductance is essentially independent of molecular length for the polymethine salts of Cy3+-Cy11+ with the large B(C6F5)4- counterion, but with the PF6- counterion, the conductance decreases for the longer molecules, Cy7+-Cy11+, because this smaller anion polarizes the π-system, inducing a symmetry-breaking transition. At higher bias (0.9 V), the conductance of the shorter chains, Cy3+-Cy7+, increases with length (negative attenuation factor, β = -1.6 nm-1), but the conductance still drops in Cy9+ and Cy11+ with the small polarizing PF6- counteranion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Edmund Leary
- Fundación IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle Faraday 9, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Jirasek
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - M Teresa González
- Fundación IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle Faraday 9, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Kirsten E Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Lydia Abellán Vicente
- Fundación IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle Faraday 9, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolás Agraït
- Fundación IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle Faraday 9, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, IFIMAC and Instituto "Nicolás Cabrera", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Simon J Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, Donnan and Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, Donnan and Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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9
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Zwick P, Dulić D, van der Zant HSJ, Mayor M. Porphyrins as building blocks for single-molecule devices. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:15500-15525. [PMID: 34558586 PMCID: PMC8485416 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04523g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Direct measurement of single-molecule electrical transparency by break junction experiments has become a major field of research over the two last decades. This review specifically and comprehensively highlights the use of porphyrins as molecular components and discusses their potential use for the construction of future devices. Throughout the review, the features provided by porphyrins, such as low level misalignments and very low attenuation factors, are shown with numerous examples, illustrating the potential and limitations of these molecular junctions, as well as differences emerging from applied integration/investigation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Zwick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Diana Dulić
- Department of Physics and Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Chile, Avenida Blanco Encalada 2008, Santiago 8330015, Chile
| | - Herre S J van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P. O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), 510275 Guangzhou, China
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10
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Pedron FN, Issoglio F, Estrin DA, Scherlis DA. Electron transfer pathways from quantum dynamics simulations. J Chem Phys 2021; 153:225102. [PMID: 33317287 DOI: 10.1063/5.0023577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This work explores the possibility of simulating an electron transfer process between a donor and an acceptor in real time using time-dependent density functional theory electron dynamics. To achieve this objective, a central issue to resolve is the definition of the initial state. This must be a non-equilibrium electronic state able to trigger the charge transfer dynamics; here, two schemes are proposed to prepare such states. One is based on the combination of the density matrices of the donor and acceptor converged separately with appropriate charges (for example, -1 for the donor and +1 for the acceptor). The second approach relied on constrained DFT to localize the charge on each fragment. With these schemes, electron transfer processes are simulated in different model systems of increasing complexity: an atomic hydrogen dimer, a polyacetylene chain, and the active site of the T. cruzi hybrid type A heme peroxidase, for which two possible electron transfer paths have been postulated. For the latter system, the present methodology applied in a hybrid Quantum Mechanics - Molecular Mechanics framework allows us to establish the relative probabilities of each path and provides insight into the inhibition of the electron transfer provoked by the substitution of tryptophan by phenylalanine in the W233F mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- F N Pedron
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Issoglio
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D A Estrin
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D A Scherlis
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Ramirez FF, Bustamente CM, González Lebrero MC, Scherlis DA. Transport and Spectroscopy in Conjugated Molecules: Two Properties and a Single Rationale. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:2930-2940. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco F. Ramirez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Carlos M. Bustamente
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Mariano C. González Lebrero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Damián A. Scherlis
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
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12
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Bustamante CM, Ramírez FF, Sánchez CG, Scherlis DA. Multiscale approach to electron transport dynamics. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:084105. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5112372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Bustamante
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Francisco F. Ramírez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Cristián G. Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Teórica y Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina and CONICET & Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, CP5500, Argentina
| | - Damián A. Scherlis
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
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13
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Milan DC, Vezzoli A, Planje IJ, Low PJ. Metal bis(acetylide) complex molecular wires: concepts and design strategies. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:14125-14138. [PMID: 29951669 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02103a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has seen a remarkable surge in studies of thin-film and single-molecule electronics, due in no small part to the development and advancement of experimental methods for the construction and measurement of metal|molecule|metal junctions. Within the plethora of molecular structures that have been investigated, metal complexes of general form trans-M(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CR)2(Ln) have attracted attention from the inorganic and organometallic chemistry community in the search for efficient molecular wires due to the potential π-d-π orbital mixing along the molecular backbone. In this article progress towards this goal will be summarised, and design strategies for future molecular components discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Milan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
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14
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Algethami N, Sadeghi H, Sangtarash S, Lambert CJ. The Conductance of Porphyrin-Based Molecular Nanowires Increases with Length. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:4482-4486. [PMID: 29878788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High electrical conductance molecular nanowires are highly desirable components for future molecular-scale circuitry, but typically molecular wires act as tunnel barriers and their conductance decays exponentially with length. Here, we demonstrate that the conductance of fused-oligo-porphyrin nanowires can be either length independent or increase with length at room temperature. We show that this negative attenuation is an intrinsic property of fused-oligo-porphyrin nanowires, but its manifestation depends on the electrode material or anchor groups. This highly desirable, nonclassical behavior signals the quantum nature of transport through such wires. It arises because with increasing length the tendency for electrical conductance to decay is compensated by a decrease in their highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gap. Our study reveals the potential of these molecular wires as interconnects in future molecular-scale circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah Algethami
- Theory of Molecular Scale Transport, Physics Department , Lancaster University , LA1 4YB Lancaster , United Kingdom
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Theory of Molecular Scale Transport, Physics Department , Lancaster University , LA1 4YB Lancaster , United Kingdom
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- Theory of Molecular Scale Transport, Physics Department , Lancaster University , LA1 4YB Lancaster , United Kingdom
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Theory of Molecular Scale Transport, Physics Department , Lancaster University , LA1 4YB Lancaster , United Kingdom
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15
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Sarbadhikary P, Shil S, Misra A. Magnetic and transport properties of conjugated and cumulated molecules: the π-system enlightens part of the story. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:9364-9375. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06113g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the intramolecular magnetic exchange coupling constants (J) for a series of nitronyl nitroxide diradicals connected by a range of linear conjugated and cumulene couplers focusing on the unusual π-interaction properties within the couplers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suranjan Shil
- Center for Atomic-scale Materials Design (CAMD)
- Department of Physics
- Technical University of Denmark
- Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Anirban Misra
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Dist-Darjeeling 734013
- India
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16
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Morzan UN, Ramírez FF, González Lebrero MC, Scherlis DA. Electron transport in real time from first-principles. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:044110. [PMID: 28147541 DOI: 10.1063/1.4974095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
While the vast majority of calculations reported on molecular conductance have been based on the static non-equilibrium Green's function formalism combined with density functional theory (DFT), in recent years a few time-dependent approaches to transport have started to emerge. Among these, the driven Liouville-von Neumann equation [C. G. Sánchez et al., J. Chem. Phys. 124, 214708 (2006)] is a simple and appealing route relying on a tunable rate parameter, which has been explored in the context of semi-empirical methods. In the present study, we adapt this formulation to a density functional theory framework and analyze its performance. In particular, it is implemented in an efficient all-electron DFT code with Gaussian basis functions, suitable for quantum-dynamics simulations of large molecular systems. At variance with the case of the tight-binding calculations reported in the literature, we find that now the initial perturbation to drive the system out of equilibrium plays a fundamental role in the stability of the electron dynamics. The equation of motion used in previous tight-binding implementations with massive electrodes has to be modified to produce a stable and unidirectional current during time propagation in time-dependent DFT simulations using much smaller leads. Moreover, we propose a procedure to get rid of the dependence of the current-voltage curves on the rate parameter. This method is employed to obtain the current-voltage characteristic of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons of different lengths, with very promising prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uriel N Morzan
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Francisco F Ramírez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Mariano C González Lebrero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Damián A Scherlis
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
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17
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Chen L, Zhuang Q, Chen Y, Shi C, Wang D. Quantum phase transitions in Sn bilayer based interfacial systems by an external strain. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:24350-5. [PMID: 27531313 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04534k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using first-principle calculations, we report for the first time, the changes in electronic structures of a single bilayer Sn stacked on a single bilayer Sb(Bi) and on a single quintuple layer Sb2Te3 induced by both interface polarization and strain. With BL Bi and QL Sb2Te3 substrates, the stanene tends to have a low-buckled configuration, whereas with BL Sb substrate, the stanene prefers to form high-buckled configurations. For strained Sn/Sb(Bi) system, we find that the Dirac cone state is not present in the band gap, whereas in strained Sn/Sb2Te3 system, spin-polarized Dirac cone can be introduced into the band gap. We discuss why tensile strain can result in the Dirac cone emerging at the K point based on a tight-binding lattice model. This theoretical study implies the feasibility of realizing quantum phase transitions for Sn thin films on suitable substrates. Our findings provide an effective manner in manipulating electronic structures and topological states in interfacial systems by using interface polarization and strain, which opens a new route for realizing atomically thin spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Carlotti M, Degen M, Zhang Y, Chiechi RC. Pronounced Environmental Effects on Injection Currents in EGaIn Tunneling Junctions Comprising Self-Assembled Monolayers. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2016; 120:20437-20445. [PMID: 27738488 PMCID: PMC5053169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b07089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Large-area tunneling junctions using eutectic Ga-In (EGaIn) as a top contact have proven to be a robust, reproducible, and technologically relevant platform for molecular electronics. Thus far, the majority of studies have focused on saturated molecules with backbones consisting mainly of alkanes in which the frontier orbitals are either highly localized or energetically inaccessible. We show that self-assembled monolayers of wire-like oligophenyleneethynylenes (OPEs), which are fully conjugated, only exhibit length-dependent tunneling behavior in a low-O2 environment. We attribute this unexpected behavior to the sensitivity of injection current on environment. We conclude that, contrary to previous reports, the self-limiting layer of Ga2O3 strongly influences transport properties and that the effect is related to the wetting behavior of the electrode. This result sheds light on the nature of the electrode-molecule interface and suggests that adhesive forces play a significant role in tunneling charge-transport in large-area molecular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Carlotti
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
& Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Degen
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
& Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yanxi Zhang
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
& Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan C. Chiechi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
& Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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19
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Ozawa H, Baghernejad M, Al-Owaedi OA, Kaliginedi V, Nagashima T, Ferrer J, Wandlowski T, García-Suárez VM, Broekmann P, Lambert CJ, Haga MA. Synthesis and Single-Molecule Conductance Study of Redox-Active Ruthenium Complexes with Pyridyl and Dihydrobenzo[b]thiophene Anchoring Groups. Chemistry 2016; 22:12732-40. [PMID: 27472889 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The ancillary ligands 4'-(4-pyridyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine and 4'-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]thiophene)-2,2'-6',2"-terpyridine were used to synthesize two series of mono- and dinuclear ruthenium complexes differing in their lengths and anchoring groups. The electrochemical and single-molecular conductance properties of these two series of ruthenium complexes were studied experimentally by means of cyclic voltammetry and the scanning tunneling microscopy-break junction technique (STM-BJ) and theoretically by means of density functional theory (DFT). Cyclic voltammetry data showed clear redox peaks corresponding to both the metal- and ligand-related redox reactions. Single-molecular conductance demonstrated an exponential decay of the molecular conductance with the increase in molecular length for both the series of ruthenium complexes, with decay constants of βPY =2.07±0.1 nm(-1) and βBT =2.16±0.1 nm(-1) , respectively. The contact resistance of complexes with 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]thiophene (BT) anchoring groups is found to be smaller than the contact resistance of ruthenium complexes with pyridine (PY) anchors. DFT calculations support the experimental results and provided additional information on the electronic structure and charge transport properties in those metal|ruthenium complex|metal junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ozawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, 112-8551, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masoud Baghernejad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freistrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oday A Al-Owaedi
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK. .,Department of Laser Physics, Women Faculty of Science, Babylon University, Hillah, Iraq.
| | - Veerabhadrarao Kaliginedi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freistrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Takumi Nagashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, 112-8551, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jaime Ferrer
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo and CINN, 33007, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Thomas Wandlowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freistrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freistrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Masa-Aki Haga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, 112-8551, Tokyo, Japan.
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20
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Zhang ZY, Li T. Single-chain and monolayered conjugated polymers for molecular electronics. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Wang D, Chen L, Shi C, Wang X, Cui G, Zhang P, Chen Y. Quantum spin Hall insulator in halogenated arsenene films with sizable energy gaps. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28487. [PMID: 27340091 PMCID: PMC4919688 DOI: 10.1038/srep28487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on first-principles calculations, the electronic and topological properties of halogenated (F-, Cl-, Br- and I-) arsenene are investigated in detail. It is found that the halogenated arsenene sheets show Dirac type characteristic in the absence of spin-orbital coupling (SOC), whereas energy gap will be induced by SOC with the values ranging from 0.194 eV for F-arsenene to 0.255 eV for I-arsenene. Noticeably, these four newly proposed two-dimensional (2D) systems are verified to be quantum spin Hall (QSH) insulators by calculating the edge states with obvious linear cross inside bulk energy gap. It should be pointed out that the large energy gap in these 2D materials consisted of commonly used element is quite promising for practical applications of QSH insulators at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchao Wang
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Linyi University, Shandong 276000, China
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Linyi University, Shandong 276000, China
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Changmin Shi
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Linyi University, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Linyi University, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Guangliang Cui
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Linyi University, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Pinhua Zhang
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Linyi University, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Yeqing Chen
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Linyi University, Shandong 276000, China
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22
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Taherinia D, Smith CE, Ghosh S, Odoh SO, Balhorn L, Gagliardi L, Cramer CJ, Frisbie CD. Charge Transport in 4 nm Molecular Wires with Interrupted Conjugation: Combined Experimental and Computational Evidence for Thermally Assisted Polaron Tunneling. ACS NANO 2016; 10:4372-4383. [PMID: 27017971 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b08126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, transport measurements, and electronic structure of conjugation-broken oligophenyleneimine (CB-OPI 6) molecular wires with lengths of ∼4 nm. The wires were grown from Au surfaces using stepwise aryl imine condensation reactions between 1,4-diaminobenzene and terephthalaldehyde (1,4-benzenedicarbaldehyde). Saturated spacers (conjugation breakers) were introduced into the molecular backbone by replacing the aromatic diamine with trans-1,4-diaminocyclohexane at specific steps during the growth processes. FT-IR and ellipsometry were used to follow the imination reactions on Au surfaces. Surface coverages (∼4 molecules/nm(2)) and electronic structures of the wires were determined by cyclic voltammetry and UV-vis spectroscopy, respectively. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the wires were acquired using conducting probe atomic force microscopy (CP-AFM) in which an Au-coated AFM probe was brought into contact with the wires to form metal-molecule-metal junctions with contact areas of ∼50 nm(2). The low bias resistance increased with the number of saturated spacers, but was not sensitive to the position of the spacer within the wire. Temperature dependent measurements of resistance were consistent with a localized charge (polaron) hopping mechanism in all of the wires. Activation energies were in the range of 0.18-0.26 eV (4.2-6.0 kcal/mol) with the highest belonging to the fully conjugated OPI 6 wire and the lowest to the CB3,5-OPI 6 wire (the wire with two saturated spacers). For the two other wires with a single conjugation breaker, CB3-OPI 6 and CB5-OPI 6, activation energies of 0.20 eV (4.6 kcal/mol) and 0.21 eV (4.8 kcal/mol) were found, respectively. Computational studies using density functional theory confirmed the polaronic nature of charge carriers but predicted that the semiclassical activation energy of hopping should be higher for CB-OPI molecular wires than for the OPI 6 wire. To reconcile the experimental and computational results, we propose that the transport mechanism is thermally assisted polaron tunneling in the case of CB-OPI wires, which is consistent with their increased resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Taherinia
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and §Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher E Smith
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and §Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Soumen Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and §Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Samuel O Odoh
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and §Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Luke Balhorn
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and §Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and §Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher J Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and §Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - C Daniel Frisbie
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and §Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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23
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Davidson R, Al-Owaedi OA, Milan DC, Zeng Q, Tory J, Hartl F, Higgins SJ, Nichols RJ, Lambert CJ, Low PJ. Effects of Electrode–Molecule Binding and Junction Geometry on the Single-Molecule Conductance of bis-2,2′:6′,2″-Terpyridine-based Complexes. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:2691-700. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross Davidson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South
Rd, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Oday A. Al-Owaedi
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
- Department of Laser Physics, Women Faculty of Science, Babylon University, Hillah, Iraq
| | - David C. Milan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Joanne Tory
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - František Hartl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J. Lambert
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J. Low
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, Washington 6009, Australia
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24
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Wang D, Chen L, Wang X, Cui G, Zhang P. The effect of substrate and external strain on electronic structures of stanene film. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:26979-87. [PMID: 26407092 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04322k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
From first-principles calculations, the effects of h-BN and AlN substrates on the topological nontrivial properties of stanene are studied with different strains. We find that the quantum spin Hall phase can be induced in stanene film on a h-BN substrate under a tensile strain of between 6.0% and 9.3% with a stable state confirmed by the phonon spectrum, while for stanene on 5 × 5 h-BN, the quantum spin Hall phase can be preserved without strain. However, for stanene on a AlN substrate, the quantum spin Hall phase cannot be found under compressive or tensile strains less than 10%, while for 2 × 2 stanene on 3 × 3 AlN, the compressive strain needed to induce the quantum spin Hall phase is just 2%. These theoretical results will be helpful in understanding the effect of substrate and strain on stanene and in further realizing the quantum spin Hall effect in stanene on semiconductor substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchao Wang
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Linyi University, Shandong 276000, China.
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25
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Sugimoto K, Tanaka Y, Fujii S, Tada T, Kiguchi M, Akita M. Organometallic molecular wires as versatile modules for energy-level alignment of the metal–molecule–metal junction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:5796-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01705c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organometallic Ru molecular wires show significantly higher conductance compared to their organic counterpart due to high-lying HOMOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaho Sugimoto
- Chemical Resources Laboratory
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
| | - Yuya Tanaka
- Chemical Resources Laboratory
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
| | - Shintaro Fujii
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
| | - Tomofumi Tada
- Materials Research Center for Element Strategy
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama
- Japan
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
| | - Munetaka Akita
- Chemical Resources Laboratory
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
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26
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Abstract
The increasing difficulties of meeting ‘Moore’s Law’ rates of progress in conventional semiconductor electronics, coupled with the advent of methods capable of measuring the electronic properties of single molecules in a laboratory setting, have seen a surge of activity in the field of molecular electronics over the last decade. However, the concepts of molecular electronics are far from new, and the basic premise and ideas of molecular electronics have been shadowing those of solid-state semiconductor electronics since the middle of the 20th century. In this Primer Review, we introduce the topic of molecular electronics, drawing on some of the earliest expressions of the fundamental concepts, and summarizing key concepts to provide the interested reader with an entry to this fascinating field of science and emerging technology.
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27
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He Y, Xia F, Shao Z, Zhao J, Jie J. Surface Charge Transfer Doping of Monolayer Phosphorene via Molecular Adsorption. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:4701-10. [PMID: 26545168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer phosphorene has attracted much attention owing to its extraordinary electronic, optical, and structural properties. Rationally tuning the electrical transport characteristics of monolayer phosphorene is essential to its applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices. Herein, we study the electronic transport behaviors of monolayer phosphorene with surface charge transfer doping of electrophilic molecules, including 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ), NO2, and MoO3, using density functional theory combined with the nonequilibrium Green's function formalism. F4TCNQ shows optimal performance in enhancing the p-type conductance of monolayer phosphorene. Static electronic properties indicate that the enhancement is originated from the charge transfer between adsorbed molecule and phosphorene layer. Dynamic transport behaviors demonstrate that additional channels for hole transport in host monolayer phosphorene were generated upon the adsorption of molecule. Our work unveils the great potential of surface charge transfer doping in tuning the electronic properties of monolayer phosphorene and is of significance to its application in high-performance devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan He
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Feifei Xia
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Shao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 21008, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jiansheng Jie
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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28
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Tsuji Y, Movassagh R, Datta S, Hoffmann R. Exponential Attenuation of Through-Bond Transmission in a Polyene: Theory and Potential Realizations. ACS NANO 2015; 9:11109-11120. [PMID: 26390251 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An exponential falloff with separation of electron transfer and transport through molecular wires is observed and has attracted theoretical attention. In this study, the attenuation of transmission in linear and cyclic polyenes is related to bond alternation. The explicit form of the zeroth Green's function in a Hückel model for bond-alternated polyenes leads to an analytical expression of the conductance decay factor β. The β values calculated from our model (β(CN) values, per repeat unit of double and single bond) range from 0.28 to 0.37, based on carotenoid crystal structures. These theoretical β values are slightly smaller than experimental values. The difference can be assigned to the effect of anchoring groups, which are not included in our model. A local transmission analysis for cyclic polyenes, and for [14]annulene in particular, shows that bond alternation affects dramatically not only the falloff behavior but also the choice of a transmission pathway by electrons. Transmission follows a well-demarcated system of π bonds, even when there is a shorter-distance path with roughly the same kind of "electronic matter" intervening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tsuji
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ramis Movassagh
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Building E18, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Supriyo Datta
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University , Electrical Engineering Building, 465 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2035, United States
| | - Roald Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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29
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Chen L, Chang K, Zheng XG, Ji SH, Wang DC, Zhao DP. Quantum phase transitions in interfacing two gapped systems of ordinary fermions driven by external strain and atomic adsorption. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:18178-84. [PMID: 26103059 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02618k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We study how the electronic structure of a single bilayer Bi on a single quintuple layer Bi2Se3 (Bi2Te3) changes with interface polarization, strain and H adsorption using first-principles calculations. We find that for strained systems the Dirac cone state does not show in the band gap. Coupled with strain and H adsorption, the six spin-polarized Dirac cones in the band gap are created by the interfacing two gapped films. The internal electrical field can result in variations in the work function relative to Bi and Bi2Se3 surfaces. Our findings confirm that the interface polarization, strain and atomic adsorption are the effective means to manipulate electronic structures and topological states on non-metallic surfaces, which could be helpful for realizing atomically thin spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Linyi University, Shandong 276000, China.
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30
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Seki S, Saeki A, Sakurai T, Sakamaki D. Charge carrier mobility in organic molecular materials probed by electromagnetic waves. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:11093-113. [PMID: 24776977 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00473f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Charge carrier mobility is an essential parameter providing control over the performance of semiconductor devices fabricated using a variety of organic molecular materials. Recent design strategies toward molecular materials have been directed at the substitution of amorphous silicon-based semiconductors; accordingly, numerous measurement techniques have been designed and developed to probe the electronic conducting nature of organic materials bearing extremely wide structural variations in comparison with inorganic and/or metal-oxide semiconductor materials. The present perspective highlights the evaluation methodologies of charge carrier mobility in organic materials, as well as the merits and demerits of techniques examining the feasibility of organic molecules, crystals, and supramolecular assemblies in semiconductor applications. Beyond the simple substitution of amorphous silicon, we have attempted to address in this perspective the systematic use of measurement techniques for future development of organic molecular semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Seki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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31
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Chen L, Wang YH, He B, Nie H, Hu R, Huang F, Qin A, Zhou XS, Zhao Z, Tang BZ. Multichannel conductance of folded single-molecule wires aided by through-space conjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:4231-5. [PMID: 25694026 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering charge transport through multichannel pathways in single-molecule junctions is of high importance to construct nanoscale electronic devices and deepen insight into biological redox processes. Herein, we report two tailor-made folded single-molecule wires featuring intramolecular π-π stacking interactions. The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) based break-junction technique and theoretical calculations show that through-bond and through-space conjugations are integrated into one single-molecule wire, allowing for two simultaneous conducting channels in a single-molecule junction. These folded molecules with stable π-π stacking interaction offer conceptual advances in single-molecule multichannel conductance, and are perfect models for conductance studies in biological systems, organic thin films, and π-stacked columnar aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Guangdong Innovative Research Team, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510640 (China)
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32
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Chen L, Wang YH, He B, Nie H, Hu R, Huang F, Qin A, Zhou XS, Zhao Z, Tang BZ. Multichannel Conductance of Folded Single-Molecule Wires Aided by Through-Space Conjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Li X, Liu H, Zhao J. Length-dependent Conductance in Conjugated Molecules in Parallel. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.140969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Li
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Linyi University
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Linyi University
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University
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34
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Tsuji Y, Hoffmann R, Movassagh R, Datta S. Quantum interference in polyenes. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:224311. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4903043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tsuji
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Roald Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Ramis Movassagh
- Department of Mathematics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA and Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Building E18, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
| | - Supriyo Datta
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, Electrical Engineering Building, 465 Northwestern Ave., West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2035, USA
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35
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He Y, Zhang J, Liu H, Zhao J. Electron transport across π-stacked oligophenyls system: A density functional theory approach. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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36
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Gulcur M, Moreno-García P, Zhao X, Baghernejad M, Batsanov AS, Hong W, Bryce MR, Wandlowski T. The Synthesis of Functionalised Diaryltetraynes and Their Transport Properties in Single-Molecule Junctions. Chemistry 2014; 20:4653-60. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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Kaliginedi V, V. Rudnev A, Moreno-García P, Baghernejad M, Huang C, Hong W, Wandlowski T. Promising anchoring groups for single-molecule conductance measurements. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:23529-39. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03605k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Qualitative and quantitative comparison of the results obtained with different anchoring groups reveals structural and mechanistic details of the different types of single molecular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Masoud Baghernejad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cancan Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wenjing Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Wandlowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- Bern, Switzerland
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38
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Zhou XY, Peng ZL, Sun YY, Wang LN, Niu ZJ, Zhou XS. Conductance measurement of pyridyl-based single molecule junctions with Cu and Au contacts. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:465204. [PMID: 24164714 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/46/465204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We studied the conductance of pyridyl-based single molecule junctions with Cu contacts by using an electrochemical jump-to-contact scanning tunneling microscopy break junction (ECSTM-BJ) approach. The single molecule junctions of 4,4'-bipyridine (BPY), 1,2-di(pyridin-4-yl)ethene (BPY-EE) and 1,2-di(pyridin-4-yl)ethane (BPY-EA) bridged with Cu clusters show three sets of conductance values. These values are smaller than the conductance values of single molecule junctions with Au electrodes measured by the traditional scanning tunneling microscopy break junction in acidic or neutral solutions, which can be attributed to the different electronic coupling efficiencies between molecules and electrodes. The consistent conductance of pyridyl-based molecules in acidic and neutral solutions may show that the protonated pyridyl group contacts to the electrode through the deprotonated form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, People's Republic of China
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39
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Hsieh SC, Mai FD, Jang S, Tang HY, Li FY. Geometric Effects on Conductance in Single Molecule Electron Transport Junctions. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200900173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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40
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Shinomiya M, Higashiguchi K, Matsuda K. Evaluation of the β Value of the Phenylene Ethynylene Unit by Probing the Exchange Interaction between Two Nitronyl Nitroxides. J Org Chem 2013; 78:9282-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4015062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Shinomiya
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kenji Higashiguchi
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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41
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Moreno-García P, Gulcur M, Manrique DZ, Pope T, Hong W, Kaliginedi V, Huang C, Batsanov AS, Bryce MR, Lambert C, Wandlowski T. Single-Molecule Conductance of Functionalized Oligoynes: Length Dependence and Junction Evolution. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:12228-40. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4015293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Moreno-García
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse
3, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Instituto de Física, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Apartado Postal J-48, Puebla
72570, México
| | - Murat Gulcur
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | | | - Thomas Pope
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Wenjing Hong
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse
3, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Veerabhadrarao Kaliginedi
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse
3, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cancan Huang
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse
3, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrei S. Batsanov
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Martin R. Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Lambert
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Wandlowski
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse
3, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
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42
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Reindl SA, Pöthig A, Drees M, Bechlars B, Herdtweck E, Herrmann WA, Kühn FE. Pyrazolato-Bridged Dinuclear Complexes of Ruthenium(II) and Rhodium(III) with N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Properties. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400106f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A. Reindl
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Chair of Inorganic
Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research
Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, D-85747 Garching bei München,
Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Chair of Inorganic
Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research
Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, D-85747 Garching bei München,
Germany
| | - Markus Drees
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Chair of Inorganic
Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research
Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, D-85747 Garching bei München,
Germany
| | - Bettina Bechlars
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Chair of Inorganic
Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research
Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, D-85747 Garching bei München,
Germany
| | - Eberhardt Herdtweck
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Chair of Inorganic
Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research
Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, D-85747 Garching bei München,
Germany
| | - Wolfgang A. Herrmann
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Chair of Inorganic
Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research
Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, D-85747 Garching bei München,
Germany
| | - Fritz E. Kühn
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Chair of Inorganic
Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research
Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, D-85747 Garching bei München,
Germany
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43
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Tsuji Y, Semoto T, Yoshizawa K. A Bipodal Dicyano Anchor Unit for Single-Molecule Spintronic Devices. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:2470-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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44
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Arroyo CR, Frisenda R, Moth-Poulsen K, Seldenthuis JS, Bjørnholm T, van der Zant HSJ. Quantum interference effects at room temperature in OPV-based single-molecule junctions. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2013; 8:234. [PMID: 23679986 PMCID: PMC3663707 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Interference effects on charge transport through an individual molecule can lead to a notable modulation and suppression on its conductance. In this letter, we report the observation of quantum interference effects occurring at room temperature in single-molecule junctions based on oligo(3)-phenylenevinylene (OPV3) derivatives, in which the central benzene ring is coupled to either para- or meta-positions. Using the break-junction technique, we find that the conductance for a single meta-OPV3 molecule wired between gold electrodes is one order of magnitude smaller than that of a para-OPV3 molecule. Theoretical calculations confirm the occurrence of constructive and destructive interference in the para- and meta-OPV3 molecules respectively, which arises from the phase difference of the transmission coefficients through the molecular orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Arroyo
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft, 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Frisenda
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft, 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
| | - Kasper Moth-Poulsen
- Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Johannes S Seldenthuis
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft, 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Bjørnholm
- Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Herre SJ van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft, 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
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45
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Activationless charge transport across 4.5 to 22 nm in molecular electronic junctions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:5326-30. [PMID: 23509271 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1221643110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we bridge the gap between short-range tunneling in molecular junctions and activated hopping in bulk organic films, and greatly extend the distance range of charge transport in molecular electronic devices. Three distinct transport mechanisms were observed for 4.5-22-nm-thick oligo(thiophene) layers between carbon contacts, with tunneling operative when d < 8 nm, activated hopping when d > 16 nm for high temperatures and low bias, and a third mechanism consistent with field-induced ionization of highest occupied molecular orbitals or interface states to generate charge carriers when d = 8-22 nm. Transport in the 8-22-nm range is weakly temperature dependent, with a field-dependent activation barrier that becomes negligible at moderate bias. We thus report here a unique, activationless transport mechanism, operative over 8-22-nm distances without involving hopping, which severely limits carrier mobility and device lifetime in organic semiconductors. Charge transport in molecular electronic junctions can thus be effective for transport distances significantly greater than the 1-5 nm associated with quantum-mechanical tunneling.
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46
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Liu H, Wang H, Zhao J, Kiguchi M. Molecular rectification in triangularly shaped graphene nanoribbons. J Comput Chem 2013; 34:360-5. [PMID: 23081769 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We present a theoretical study of electron transport in tailored zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs) with triangular structure using density functional theory together with the nonequilibrium Green's function formalism. We find significant rectification with a favorite electron transfer direction from the vertex to the right edge. The triangular ZGNR connecting to the electrode with one thiol group at each terminal shows an average rectification ratio of 8.4 over the bias range from -1.0 to 1.0 V. This asymmetric electron transport property originates from nearly zero band gap of triangular ZGNR under negative bias, whereas a band gap opens under positive bias. When the molecule is connected to the electrode by multithiol groups, the current is enhanced due to strong interfacial coupling; however, the rectification ratio decreases. The simulation results indicate that the unique electronic states of triangular ZGNR are responsible for rectification, rather than the asymmetric anchoring groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
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47
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Low-symmetry distortions in Extended Metal Atom Chains (EMACs): Origins and consequences for electron transport. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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48
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McCreery RL, Yan H, Bergren AJ. A critical perspective on molecular electronic junctions: there is plenty of room in the middle. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:1065-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43516k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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49
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Charge transport in molecular electronic junctions: compression of the molecular tunnel barrier in the strong coupling regime. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:11498-503. [PMID: 22660930 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1201557109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular junctions are essentially modified electrodes familiar to electrochemists where the electrolyte is replaced by a conducting "contact." It is generally hypothesized that changing molecular structure will alter system energy levels leading to a change in the transport barrier. Here, we show the conductance of seven different aromatic molecules covalently bonded to carbon implies a modest range (< 0.5 eV) in the observed transport barrier despite widely different free molecule HOMO energies (> 2 eV range). These results are explained by considering the effect of bonding the molecule to the substrate. Upon bonding, electronic inductive effects modulate the energy levels of the system resulting in compression of the tunneling barrier. Modification of the molecule with donating or withdrawing groups modulate the molecular orbital energies and the contact energy level resulting in a leveling effect that compresses the tunneling barrier into a range much smaller than expected. Whereas the value of the tunneling barrier can be varied by using a different class of molecules (alkanes), using only aromatic structures results in a similar equilibrium value for the tunnel barrier for different structures resulting from partial charge transfer between the molecular layer and the substrate. Thus, the system does not obey the Schottky-Mott limit, and the interaction between the molecular layer and the substrate acts to influence the energy level alignment. These results indicate that the entire system must be considered to determine the impact of a variety of electronic factors that act to determine the tunnel barrier.
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50
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Zhou J, Guo C, Xu B. Electron transport properties of single molecular junctions under mechanical modulations. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:164209. [PMID: 22466314 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/16/164209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Electron transport behaviors of single molecular junctions are very sensitive to the atomic scale molecule-metal electrode contact interfaces, which have been difficult to control. We used a modified scanning probe microscope-break junction technique (SPM-BJT) to control the dynamics of the contacts and simultaneously monitor both the conductance and force. First, by fitting the measured data into a modified multiple tunneling barrier model, the static contact resistances, corresponding to the different contact conformations of single alkanedithiol and alkanediamine molecular junctions, were identified. Second, the changes of contact decay constant were measured under mechanical extensions of the molecular junctions, which helped to classify the different single molecular conductance sets into specific microscopic conformations of the molecule-electrode contacts. Third, by monitoring the changes of force and contact decay constant with the mechanical extensions, the changes of conductance were found to be caused by the changes of contact bond length and by the atomic reorganizations near the contact bond. This study provides a new insight into the understanding of the influences of contact conformations, especially the effect of changes of dynamic contact conformation on electron transport through single molecular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Zhou
- Faculty of Engineering and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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