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Zahabi N, Baryshnikov G, Linares M, Zozoulenko I. Charge carrier dynamics in conducting polymer PEDOT using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:154801. [PMID: 37843059 DOI: 10.1063/5.0169363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
As conducting polymers become increasingly important in electronic devices, understanding their charge transport is essential for material and device development. Various semi-empirical approaches have been used to describe temporal charge carrier dynamics in these materials, but there have yet to be any theoretical approaches utilizing ab initio molecular dynamics. In this work, we develop a computational technique based on ab initio Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics to trace charge carrier temporal motion in archetypical conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). Particularly, we analyze charge dynamics in a single PEDOT chain and in two coupled chains with different degrees of coupling and study the effect of temperature. In our model we first initiate a positively charged polaron (compensated by a negative counterion) at one end of the chain, and subsequently displace the counterion to the other end of the chain and trace polaron dynamics in the system by monitoring bond length alternation in the PEDOT backbone and charge density distribution. We find that at low temperature (T = 1 K) the polaron distortion gradually disappears from its initial location and reappears near the new position of the counterion. At the room temperature (T = 300 K), we find that the distortions induced by polaron, and atomic vibrations are of the same magnitude, which makes tracking the polaron distortion challenging because it is hidden behind the temperature-induced vibrations. The novel approach developed in this work can be used to study polaron mobility along and between the chains, investigate charge transport in highly doped polymers, and explore other flexible polymers, including n-doped ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Zahabi
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics (LOE), Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Glib Baryshnikov
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics (LOE), Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Mathieu Linares
- Group of Scientific Visualization, Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
- Swedish e-Science Center (SeRC), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Igor Zozoulenko
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics (LOE), Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
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2
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Kafle P, Huang S, Park KS, Zhang F, Yu H, Kasprzak CE, Kim H, Schroeder CM, van der Zande AM, Diao Y. Role of Interfacial Interactions in the Graphene-Directed Assembly of Monolayer Conjugated Polymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:6984-6995. [PMID: 35613042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Development of graphene-organic hybrid electronics is one of the most promising directions for next-generation electronic materials. However, it remains challenging to understand the graphene-organic semiconductor interactions right at the interface, which is key to designing hybrid electronics. Herein, we study the influence of graphene on the multiscale morphology of solution-processed monolayers of conjugated polymers (PII-2T, DPP-BTz, DPP2T-TT, and DPP-T-TMS). The strong interaction between graphene and PII-2T was manifested in the high fiber density and high film coverage of monolayer films deposited on graphene compared to plasma SiO2 substrates. The monolayer films on graphene also exhibited a higher relative degree of crystallinity and dichroic ratio or polymer alignment, i.e., higher degree of order. Raman spectroscopy revealed the increased backbone planarity of the conjugated polymers upon deposition on graphene as well as the existence of electronic interaction across the interface. This speculation was further substantiated by the results of photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS and UPS) of PII-2T, which showed a decrease in binding energy of several atomic energy levels, movement of the Fermi level toward HOMO, and an increase in work function, all of which indicate p-doping of the polymer. Our results provide a new level of understanding on graphene-polymer interactions at nanoscopic interfaces and the consequent impact on multiscale morphology, which will aid in the design of efficient graphene-organic hybrid electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapti Kafle
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Siyuan Huang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kyung Sun Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Caroline E Kasprzak
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hyunchul Kim
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Charles M Schroeder
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Arend M van der Zande
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ying Diao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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3
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Kim SW, Chung S, Han GF, Seo JM, Noh HJ, Kim SJ, Jeon JP, Lee E, Kang B, Mahmood J, Cho K, Baek JB. Solution-Processable Semiconducting Conjugated Planar Network. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:14588-14595. [PMID: 35311266 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
After the emergence of graphene in the material science field, top-down and bottom-up studies to develop semiconducting organic materials with layered structures became highly active. However, most of them have suffered from poor processability, which hampers device fabrication and frustrates practical applications. Here, we suggest an unconventional approach to fabricating semiconducting devices, which avoids the processability issue. We designed a soluble amorphous network using a solution process to form a thin film on a substrate. We then employed heat treatment to develop a flattened organic structure in the thin film, as an active layer for organic thin-film transistors (TFTs). The fabricated TFTs showed good performance in both horizontal and vertical charge transport, suggesting a versatile and useful approach for the development of organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Wook Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Sein Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Gao-Feng Han
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Seo
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jun Noh
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Seok-Jin Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Jong-Pil Jeon
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Eunho Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology (KIT), Gumi 39248, South Korea
| | - Boseok Kang
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology and Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Javeed Mahmood
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Jong-Beom Baek
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
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4
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Tariq R, Khera RA, Rafique H, Azeem U, Naveed A, Ayub AR, Iqbal J. Computational and theoretical study of subphthalocyanine based derivatives by varying acceptors to increase the efficiency of organic solar cells. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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5
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Schweicher G, Garbay G, Jouclas R, Vibert F, Devaux F, Geerts YH. Molecular Semiconductors for Logic Operations: Dead-End or Bright Future? ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905909. [PMID: 31965662 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The field of organic electronics has been prolific in the last couple of years, leading to the design and synthesis of several molecular semiconductors presenting a mobility in excess of 10 cm2 V-1 s-1 . However, it is also started to recently falter, as a result of doubtful mobility extractions and reduced industrial interest. This critical review addresses the community of chemists and materials scientists to share with it a critical analysis of the best performing molecular semiconductors and of the inherent charge transport physics that takes place in them. The goal is to inspire chemists and materials scientists and to give them hope that the field of molecular semiconductors for logic operations is not engaged into a dead end. To the contrary, it offers plenty of research opportunities in materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Schweicher
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Guillaume Garbay
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Rémy Jouclas
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - François Vibert
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Félix Devaux
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Yves H Geerts
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
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6
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Huang CW, You X, Diemer PJ, Petty AJ, Anthony JE, Jurchescu OD, Atkin JM. Micro-Raman imaging of isomeric segregation in small-molecule organic semiconductors. Commun Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-019-0122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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7
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A simple and robust approach to reducing contact resistance in organic transistors. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5130. [PMID: 30510263 PMCID: PMC6277450 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient injection of charge carriers from the contacts into the semiconductor layer is crucial for achieving high-performance organic devices. The potential drop necessary to accomplish this process yields a resistance associated with the contacts, namely the contact resistance. A large contact resistance can limit the operation of devices and even lead to inaccuracies in the extraction of the device parameters. Here, we demonstrate a simple and efficient strategy for reducing the contact resistance in organic thin-film transistors by more than an order of magnitude by creating high work function domains at the surface of the injecting electrodes to promote channels of enhanced injection. We find that the method is effective for both organic small molecule and polymer semiconductors, where we achieved a contact resistance as low as 200 Ωcm and device charge carrier mobilities as high as 20 cm2V−1s−1, independent of the applied gate voltage. Minimizing contact effects in organic semiconductor-based devices is a key step toward the development of a low-cost technology for next-generation electronics. Here, the authors reduce contact resistance in organic devices by engineering electrodes with high work function surface domains.
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8
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McDowell C, Abdelsamie M, Toney MF, Bazan GC. Solvent Additives: Key Morphology-Directing Agents for Solution-Processed Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1707114. [PMID: 29900605 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPV) have the advantage of possible fabrication by energy-efficient and cost-effective deposition methods, such as solution processing. Solvent additives can provide fine control of the active layer morphology of OPVs by influencing film formation during solution processing. As such, solvent additives form a versatile method of experimental control for improving organic solar cell device performance. This review provides a brief history of solution-processed bulk heterojunction OPVs and the advent of solvent additives, putting them into context with other methods available for morphology control. It presents the current understanding of how solvent additives impact various mechanisms of phase separation, enabled by recent advances in in situ morphology characterization. Indeed, understanding solvent additives' effects on film formation has allowed them to be applied and combined effectively and synergistically to boost OPV performance. Their success as a morphology control strategy has also prompted the use of solvent additives in related organic semiconductor technologies. Finally, the role of solvent additives in the development of next-generation OPV active layers is discussed. Despite concerns over their environmental toxicity and role in device instability, solvent additives remain relevant morphological directing agents as research interests evolve toward nonfullerene acceptors, ternary blends, and environmentally sustainable solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin McDowell
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Maged Abdelsamie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Building 137, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Michael F Toney
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Building 137, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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9
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Dibble DJ, Kurakake R, Wardrip AG, Bartlett A, Lopez R, Linares JA, Firstman M, Schmidt AM, Umerani MJ, Gorodetsky AA. Aza-Diels–Alder Approach to Diquinolineanthracene and Polydiquinolineanthracene Derivatives. Org Lett 2018; 20:502-505. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Dibble
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Reina Kurakake
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | | | - Andrew Bartlett
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Robert Lopez
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jose Armando Linares
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Marcus Firstman
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Alexander M. Schmidt
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Mehran J. Umerani
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Alon A. Gorodetsky
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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10
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Pookpanratana S, Goetz K, Bittle E, Haneef H, You L, Hacker C, Robey S, Jurchescu O, Ovsyannikov R, Giangrisostomi E. Electronic properties and structure of single crystal perylene. ORGANIC ELECTRONICS 2018; 61:10.1016/j.orgel.2018.05.035. [PMID: 30983924 PMCID: PMC6459418 DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2018.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The transport properties of electronic devices made from single crystalline molecular semiconductors typically outperform those composed of thin-films of the same material. To further understand the superiority of these extrinsic device properties, an understanding of the intrinsic electronic structure and properties of the organic semiconductor is necessary. An investigation of the electronic structure and properties of single crystal α-phase perylene (C20H12), a five-ringed aromatic molecule, is presented using angle-resolved ultraviolet photoemission, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and field-effect transistor measurements. Key aspects of the electronic structure of single crystal α-perylene critical to charge transport are determined, including the energetic location of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), the HOMO bandwidth, and surface work function. In addition, using high resolution XPS, we can distinguish between inequivalent carbon atoms within the perylene crystal and, from the shake-up satellite structure in XPS, gain insight into the intramolecular properties in α-perylene. From the device measurements, the charge carrier mobility of α-perylene is found to depend on the device structure and the choice of dielectric, with values in the range of 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.J. Pookpanratana
- Engineering Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA
| | - K.P. Goetz
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, USA
- Physical Chemistry Institute, Universität Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E.G. Bittle
- Engineering Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA
| | - H. Haneef
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, USA
| | - L. You
- Engineering Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA
- Theiss Research, USA
| | - C.A. Hacker
- Engineering Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA
| | - S.W. Robey
- Materials Measurement Science Division, NIST, USA
| | | | - R. Ovsyannikov
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) für Materialien und Energie, Germany
| | - E. Giangrisostomi
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) für Materialien und Energie, Germany
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11
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Ozdemir R, Park S, Deneme İ, Park Y, Zorlu Y, Alidagi HA, Harmandar K, Kim C, Usta H. Triisopropylsilylethynyl-substituted indenofluorenes: carbonyl versus dicyanovinylene functionalization in one-dimensional molecular crystals and solution-processed n-channel OFETs. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00856f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbonyl vs. dicyanovinylene functionalization in indenofluorenes leads to substantial differences in solid-state packings and results in significant variations (×1000) in electron mobilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resul Ozdemir
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering
- Abdullah Gül University
- Kayseri
- Turkey
| | - Sangyun Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Sogang University
- Mapo-gu
- Republic of Korea
| | - İbrahim Deneme
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering
- Abdullah Gül University
- Kayseri
- Turkey
| | - Yonghan Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Sogang University
- Mapo-gu
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yunus Zorlu
- Department of Chemistry
- Gebze Technical University
- Gebze
- Turkey
| | - Husniye Ardic Alidagi
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering
- Abdullah Gül University
- Kayseri
- Turkey
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | - Choongik Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Sogang University
- Mapo-gu
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hakan Usta
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering
- Abdullah Gül University
- Kayseri
- Turkey
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12
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Kumar A, Palai AK, Shin TJ, Kwon J, Pyo S. Synthesis and structural analysis of dimethylaminophenyl-end-capped diketopyrrolopyrrole for highly stable electronic devices with polymeric gate dielectric. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00545a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and structural analysis of DPP(PhNMe2)2, a stable diketopyrrolopyrrole derivative end-capped with a strongly electron-donating dimethylaminophenyl moiety is reported and the origin of ambient stability is analyzed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Konkuk University
- Seoul 143-701
- Republic of Korea
| | | | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science
- UNIST
- Ulsan 689-798
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyuk Kwon
- Department of Chemistry
- Konkuk University
- Seoul 143-701
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmoon Pyo
- Department of Chemistry
- Konkuk University
- Seoul 143-701
- Republic of Korea
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13
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Peltier JD, Heinrich B, Donnio B, Jeannin O, Rault-Berthelot J, Poriel C. Modulating the Physical and Electronic Properties over Positional Isomerism: The Dispirofluorene-Dihydroindacenodithiophene (DSF-IDT) Family. Chemistry 2017; 23:17290-17303. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benoît Heinrich
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504; CNRS-Université de Strasbourg; 23 rue du Loess, BP 43 67034 Strasbourg Cédex 2 France
| | - Bertrand Donnio
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504; CNRS-Université de Strasbourg; 23 rue du Loess, BP 43 67034 Strasbourg Cédex 2 France
| | - Olivier Jeannin
- UMR CNRS 6226-ISCR; Université de Rennes 1; 35042 Rennes cedex France
| | | | - Cyril Poriel
- UMR CNRS 6226-ISCR; Université de Rennes 1; 35042 Rennes cedex France
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14
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Ward JW, Smith HL, Zeidell A, Diemer PJ, Baker SR, Lee H, Payne MM, Anthony JE, Guthold M, Jurchescu OD. Solution-Processed Organic and Halide Perovskite Transistors on Hydrophobic Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:18120-18126. [PMID: 28485580 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processable electronic devices are highly desirable due to their low cost and compatibility with flexible substrates. However, they are often challenging to fabricate due to the hydrophobic nature of the surfaces of the constituent layers. Here, we use a protein solution to modify the surface properties and to improve the wettability of the fluoropolymer dielectric Cytop. The engineered hydrophilic surface is successfully incorporated in bottom-gate solution-deposited organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and hybrid organic-inorganic trihalide perovskite field-effect transistors (HTP-FETs) fabricated on flexible substrates. Our analysis of the density of trapping states at the semiconductor-dielectric interface suggests that the increase in the trap density as a result of the chemical treatment is minimal. As a result, the devices exhibit good charge carrier mobilities, near-zero threshold voltages, and low electrical hysteresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Ward
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , WPAFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Hannah L Smith
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Andrew Zeidell
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Peter J Diemer
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Stephen R Baker
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Hyunsu Lee
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Marcia M Payne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - John E Anthony
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Martin Guthold
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Oana D Jurchescu
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
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15
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Schmaltz T, Sforazzini G, Reichert T, Frauenrath H. Self-Assembled Monolayers as Patterning Tool for Organic Electronic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1605286. [PMID: 28160336 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The patterning of functional materials represents a crucial step for the implementation of organic semiconducting materials into functional devices. Classical patterning techniques such as photolithography or shadow masking exhibit certain limitations in terms of choice of materials, processing techniques and feasibility for large area fabrication. The use of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) as a patterning tool offers a wide variety of opportunities, from the region-selective deposition of active components to guiding the crystallization direction. Here, we discuss general techniques and mechanisms for SAM-based patterning and show that all necessary components for organic electronic devices, i.e., conducting materials, dielectrics, organic semiconductors, and further functional layers can be patterned with the use of self-assembled monolayers. The advantages and limitations, and potential further applications of patterning approaches based on self-assembled monolayers are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schmaltz
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Materials, EPFL-STI-IMX-LMOM, Station 12, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Sforazzini
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Materials, EPFL-STI-IMX-LMOM, Station 12, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Reichert
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Materials, EPFL-STI-IMX-LMOM, Station 12, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Holger Frauenrath
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Materials, EPFL-STI-IMX-LMOM, Station 12, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Naito T. Development of a Control Method for Conduction and Magnetism in Molecular Crystals. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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17
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Sun Y, Ding X, Zhang X, Huang Q, Lin B, Yang H, Guo L. Indeno[1,2-b]fluorene-based novel donor–acceptor conjugated copolymers. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008316688247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of conjugated copolymers based on indeno[1,2-b]fluorene as donor unit with different acceptor units have been synthesized to explore the influences of molecular backbone planarization and acceptor electronegativity on charge transport and photovoltaic properties. Polymer incorporating 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline acceptor moiety shows poor light-harvesting capacity and inferior photovoltaic efficiency of 0.5% due to twisted geometry. By introducing the stronger acceptor thiadiazolo[3,4-c]pyridine in polymer, intramolecular charge transfer is enhanced, giving rise to improved absorption property and photovoltaic efficiency of 1.39%. However, the polymer backbone is still twisted. When thiophene-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) is incorporated as electron acceptor, the polymer exhibits a more planar molecular geometry, yielding a broader and red-shifted absorption spectrum as well as a significantly improved hole mobility of 1.46E-2 cm2 V−1 s−1. However, the photovoltaic device efficiency is only enhanced to be 1.69%. The low-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of −3.95 eV as a result of the strong electron deficiency of the DPP unit may lead to the inefficient charge dissociation and increase the charge recombination, which may give rise to the limit photovoltaic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qizan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoping Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingxiang Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Diemer PJ, Hayes J, Welchman E, Hallani R, Pookpanratana SJ, Hacker CA, Richter CA, Anthony JE, Thonhauser T, Jurchescu OD. The influence of isomer purity on trap states and performance of organic thin-film transistors. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2017; 3:1600294. [PMID: 29230154 PMCID: PMC5721359 DOI: 10.1002/aelm.201600294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic field-effect transistor (OFET) performance is dictated by its composition and geometry, as well as the quality of the organic semiconductor (OSC) film, which strongly depends on purity and microstructure. When present, impurities and defects give rise to trap states in the bandgap of the OSC, lowering device performance. Here, 2,8-difluoro-5,11-bis(triethylsilylethynyl)-anthradithiophene is used as a model system to study the mechanism responsible for performance degradation in OFETs due to isomer coexistence. The density of trapping states is evaluated through temperature dependent current-voltage measurements, and it is discovered that OFETs containing a mixture of syn- and anti-isomers exhibit a discrete trapping state detected as a peak located at ~ 0.4 eV above the valence-band edge, which is absent in the samples fabricated on single-isomer films. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements and density functional theory calculations do not point to a significant difference in electronic band structure between individual isomers. Instead, it is proposed that the dipole moment of the syn-isomer present in the host crystal of the anti-isomer locally polarizes the neighboring molecules, inducing energetic disorder. The isomers can be separated by applying gentle mechanical vibrations during film crystallization, as confirmed by the suppression of the peak and improvement in device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Diemer
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Jacori Hayes
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Evan Welchman
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Rawad Hallani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Sujitra J Pookpanratana
- Engineering Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Christina A Hacker
- Engineering Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Curt A Richter
- Engineering Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - John E Anthony
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Timo Thonhauser
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Oana D Jurchescu
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
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19
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Controllable electrical performance of spray-coated semiconducting small molecule/insulating polymer blend thin film for organic field effect transistors application. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
Organic (opto)electronic materials have received considerable attention due to their applications in thin-film-transistors, light-emitting diodes, solar cells, sensors, photorefractive devices, and many others. The technological promises include low cost of these materials and the possibility of their room-temperature deposition from solution on large-area and/or flexible substrates. The article reviews the current understanding of the physical mechanisms that determine the (opto)electronic properties of high-performance organic materials. The focus of the review is on photoinduced processes and on electronic properties important for optoelectronic applications relying on charge carrier photogeneration. Additionally, it highlights the capabilities of various experimental techniques for characterization of these materials, summarizes top-of-the-line device performance, and outlines recent trends in the further development of the field. The properties of materials based both on small molecules and on conjugated polymers are considered, and their applications in organic solar cells, photodetectors, and photorefractive devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Ostroverkhova
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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21
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Nishida T, Ohta S, Xu F, Shinohara K, Kamada T, Akashi H, Takezaki M, Wakamatsu K, Orita A. Dual Emission and Mechanofluorochromism of a V-Shaped π-System Composed of Disulfonyl-Substituted Dibenzocyclooctatetraenes. Org Lett 2016; 18:3988-91. [PMID: 27494278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of dibenzocyclooctatetraenes 6 bearing phenylethynyl and phenylsulfonyl groups were synthesized from bromo-substituted formylbenzyl sulfone 4 via cyclic dimerization of 4 and Sonogashira coupling of the resulting dibromocyclooctatetraene 3 with terminal acetylenes. The diamino derivative 6b exhibited dual emission with emission maxima at 436 and 547 nm. Furthermore, in the fluorescence of 6b, solvatofluorochromism was observed in response to solvent polarity, whereas in the solid states, mechanofluorochromism was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Nishida
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Okayama University of Science , 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Shinya Ohta
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Okayama University of Science , 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Okayama University of Science , 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Kenta Shinohara
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Okayama University of Science , 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kamada
- Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Okayama University of Science , 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005 Japan
| | - Haruo Akashi
- Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Okayama University of Science , 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005 Japan
| | - Makoto Takezaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Okayama University of Science , 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Kan Wakamatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Okayama University of Science , 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Akihiro Orita
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Okayama University of Science , 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
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Shinohara K, Nishida T, Wada R, Peng L, Minoda Y, Orita A, Otera J. Synthesis of diarylenynes by olefination of 1-arylpropyne with arylaldehyde and their optical properties. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Martínez-Tong DE, Ruzié C, Geerts YH, Sferrazza M. Structural Evolution of an Organic Semiconducting Molecule onto a Soft Substrate. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:1174-9. [PMID: 26853087 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201501144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The structural organization and evolution of the organic semiconducting molecule 2,7-dioctyloxy[1]benzothieno[3,2-b]-benzothiophene on a soft matrix is studied. Thin films of a blend formed from polystyrene and the molecule were prepared by spin-coating onto silicon substrates, which were subsequently studied by using a combination of microscopy and scattering techniques. The organic semiconducting molecule segregated to the surface and developed a phase with a different structure to the bulk, as in the case of a substrate induced phase observed previously. Under a solvent vapor annealing procedure, the growth of micrometer-sized tetragonal crystals onto the polymer surface was observed, which was not evidenced for the silicon substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Martínez-Tong
- Département de Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles CP223, Campus de la Plaine, 1050, Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Christian Ruzié
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles CP206/01, Campus de la Plaine, 1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Yves H Geerts
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles CP206/01, Campus de la Plaine, 1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Michele Sferrazza
- Département de Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles CP223, Campus de la Plaine, 1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
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Sun Y, Huang Q, Zhang X, Ding X, Han P, Lin B, Yang H, Guo L. Functionalization of side chain terminals with fused aromatic rings in carbazole–diketopyrrolopyrrole based conjugated polymers for improved charge transport properties. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19914c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Through functionalization of the side chain terminal with fused aromatic rings, the charge transport properties of carbazole–diketopyrrolopyrrole based polymers were improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- P. R. China
| | - Qizan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- P. R. China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- P. R. China
| | - Pei Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- P. R. China
| | - Baoping Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- P. R. China
| | - Hong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- P. R. China
| | - Lingxiang Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- P. R. China
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25
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Fronk SL, Mai CK, Ford M, Noland RP, Bazan GC. End-Group-Mediated Aggregation of Poly(3-hexylthiophene). Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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26
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Waterloo AR, Lippert R, Jux N, Tykwinski RR. Axial coordination of pyridyl-containing pentacenes to porphyrins. J COORD CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2015.1057711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas R. Waterloo
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Lippert
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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27
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Bian Y, Jiang J. Recent Advances in Phthalocyanine-Based Functional Molecular Materials. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2015_194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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