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Francini-Pesenti F, Vitturi N, Tresso S, Sorarù G. Metabolic alterations in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2020; 176:780-787. [PMID: 32631678 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2020.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a rare, X-linked neuromuscular disease characterised by lower motor neurons degeneration, slowly progressive myopathy and multisystem involvement. SBMA is caused by trinucleotide repeat expansion in the first exon of the androgen receptor (AR) gene on chromosome X that encodes a polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in the AR protein. Disease onset occurs between 30-60 years of age with easy fatigability, muscle cramps, and weakness in the limbs. In addition to neuromuscular involvement, in SBMA phenotype, many non-neural manifestations are present. Recently, some studies have reported a high prevalence of metabolic and liver disorders in patients with SBMA. Particularly, fatty liver and insulin resistance (IR) have been found in many SBMA patients. The alteration of AR function and the androgen insensitivity can be involved in both fatty liver and IR. In turn, IR and liver alterations can influence neuromuscular damage through different mechanisms. These data lead to consider SBMA as a metabolic as well as a neuromuscular disease. The mechanism of metabolic alterations, their link with the neuromuscular damage, the effects on the course of disease and their treatment will have to be yet fully clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Francini-Pesenti
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 1, 35128 Padova, Italy.
| | - N Vitturi
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 1, 35128 Padova, Italy.
| | - S Tresso
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 1, 35128 Padova, Italy.
| | - G Sorarù
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 1, 35128 Padova, Italy.
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2
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Zheng Z, Zeng X, Nie X, Cheng Y, Liu J, Lin X, Yao H, Ji C, Chen X, Jun F, Wu S. Interleukin-1 blockade treatment decreasing cardiovascular risk. Clin Cardiol 2019; 42:942-951. [PMID: 31415103 PMCID: PMC6788469 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-1 (IL-1) played a role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. However, the association between IL-1 blockage treatment and reducing of cardiovascular risk remains poorly defined. HYPOTHESIS IL-1 blockage treatment reduce the risk and incidence rate of overall major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), all-cause death, acute myocardial infarction(MI), unstable angina and heart failure. METHODS We performed a search of published reports by using MEDLINE database (January 1, 2005 to April 1, 2018). The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported sample size and occurrence numbers in test group and placebo group for the associations of interest were included. RESULTS Eight RCT studies involving 15 647 participants were identified. Compared with those who took no IL-1 blockage, patients taking IL-1 blockage experienced a decreased risk of overall MACE (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.82-0.94), unstable angina (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66-0.98), and breakthrough or recurrence of heart failure (RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.22-0.87). No association was found between IL-1 blockage treatment and death from all cause (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83-1.00) as well as acute MI (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.71-1.01). The RRs associated with overall MACE, death from all cause, acute MI, and unstable angina for anakinra were 1.05, 1.16, 2.97, and 0.56, respectively, and for canakinumab were 1.05, 0.91, 0.80, and 0.80, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Administration of IL-1 blockage was associated with decrease risks of overall MACE, unstable angina, and breakthrough or recurrence of heart failure, but not with death from all cause as well as acute MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi‐Heng Zheng
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen University and Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, NHCGuangzhouChina
| | - Xun Zeng
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen University and Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, NHCGuangzhouChina
- Outpatient DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiao‐Ying Nie
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen University and Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, NHCGuangzhouChina
- Outpatient DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yun‐Jiu Cheng
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen University and Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, NHCGuangzhouChina
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen University and Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, NHCGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiao‐Xiong Lin
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen University and Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, NHCGuangzhouChina
| | - Hao Yao
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen University and Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, NHCGuangzhouChina
| | - Cheng‐Cheng Ji
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen University and Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, NHCGuangzhouChina
| | - Xu‐Miao Chen
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen University and Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, NHCGuangzhouChina
| | - Fan Jun
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen University and Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, NHCGuangzhouChina
| | - Su‐Hua Wu
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen University and Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, NHCGuangzhouChina
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3
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Jialal I, Chaudhuri A. Targeting inflammation to reduce ASCVD in type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2019; 33:1-3. [PMID: 30514609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
ASCVD is the leading cause of mortality in T2DM. Inflammation appears to be pivotal in the genesis of ASCVD. As T2DM is also a pro-inflammatory state, our aim was to determine the benefit of anti-inflammatory strategies on ASCVD in T2DM. PubMed searches were conducted using the keywords of T2DM, ASCVD, Inflammation and clinical trials. Our data review suggests that the Mediterranean diet, GLP1 receptor agonists and a monoclonal antibody against IL-1 reduces ASCVD events in T2DM. The former 2 therapies appear to be safe. Anti-IL-1 therapy resulted in an increase mortality from infections. We conclude that only the Mediterranean diet and GLP1 receptor agonists can be safely incorporated into mainstay therapy for patients with T2DM to reduce ASCVD. Further studies are required with respect to biologics targeting Inflammation to establish benefit to risk ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwarlal Jialal
- VA Medical Center, Mather, CA, United States of America; California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, United States of America.
| | - Ajay Chaudhuri
- University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
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Park HS, Gu JY, Yoo HJ, Han SE, Park CH, Kim YI, Nam-Goong IS, Kim ES, Kim HK. Thrombin Generation Assay Detects Moderate-Intensity Statin-Induced Reduction of Hypercoagulability in Diabetes. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2018; 24:1095-1101. [PMID: 29669440 PMCID: PMC6714759 DOI: 10.1177/1076029618766254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins not only have a lipid-lowering effect but also reduce inflammation and have an antithrombotic effect. Since hypercoagulability assessed by thrombin generation assay (TGA) and increased formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) were demonstrated in diabetes, we investigated whether statin therapy in diabetes modifies coagulation status and NET formation. Twenty-five consecutive patients with diabetes were recruited. Global coagulation assays (prothrombin time [PT], activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT], and TGA) and NET markers (DNA–histone complex, cell-free DNA, and neutrophil elastase) were measured before and after 3-month moderate-intensity statin therapy. In addition, all coagulation factors and 3 anticoagulation factors were measured. Statin therapy significantly reduced endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) value and blood lipids but did not change the PT and aPTT values or NET formation markers. Statin significantly decreased not only coagulation factors (II, V, VIII, IX, and X) but also the anticoagulation factor antithrombin. Statin-induced reduction of factor V and X significantly contributed to the reduction of ETP value. The extent of reduction in coagulation factors correlated with that of anticoagulation factors, but not that of cholesterol. It is possible to use TGA as a global coagulation assay that can detect coagulation status modified by statin therapy. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the clinical implications of statin-induced simultaneous reduction of coagulation and anticoagulation factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Sue Park
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja-Yoon Gu
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Yoo
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Eun Han
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Chan Ho Park
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Young Il Kim
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Il Sung Nam-Goong
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Eun Sook Kim
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Kim
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Jialal I, Vikram NK. Inflammation and atherosclerosis: fulfilling Koch's postulates. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 12:5-6. [PMID: 29187060 DOI: 10.1177/1753944717744740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ishwarlal Jialal
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, 7300 Taron Road, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | - Naval K Vikram
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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6
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Jialal I, Vikram N. Nutrition therapy for diabetes: Implications for decreasing cardiovascular complications. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:1477-1480. [PMID: 28830659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ishwarlal Jialal
- Metabolism and Pathology, California North-state University, College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, United States; Section of Endocrinology, VA Medical Center, Mather, CA, United States.
| | - Naval Vikram
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
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Pahwa R, Balderas M, Jialal I, Chen X, Luna RA, Devaraj S. Gut Microbiome and Inflammation: A Study of Diabetic Inflammasome-Knockout Mice. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:6519785. [PMID: 29435463 PMCID: PMC5804379 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6519785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Diabetes is a proinflammatory state, evidenced by increased pattern recognition receptors and the inflammasome (NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain (NLRP)) complex. Recent reports have elucidated the role of the gut microbiome in diabetes, but there is limited data on the gut microbiome in NLRP-KO mice and its effect on diabetes-induced inflammation. METHODS Gut microbiome composition and biomarkers of inflammation (IL-18, serum amyloid A) were assessed in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic mice on a NLRP3-knockout (KO) background versus wild-type diabetic mice. RESULTS SAA and IL-18 levels were significantly elevated in diabetic mice (STZ) compared to control (WT) mice, and there was a significant attenuation of inflammation in diabetic NLRP3-KO mice (NLRP3-KO STZ) compared to control mice (p < 0.005). Principal coordinate analysis clearly separated controls, STZ, and NLRP3-KO STZ mice. Among the different phyla, there was a significant increase in the Firmicutes : Bacteroidetes ratio in the diabetic group compared to controls. When compared to the WT STZ group, the NLRP3-KO STZ group showed a significant decrease in the Firmicutes : Bacteroidetes ratio. Together, these findings indicate that interaction of the intestinal microbes with the innate immune system is a crucial factor that could modify diabetes and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roma Pahwa
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mather, CA, USA
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, USA
| | - Miriam Balderas
- Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ishwarlal Jialal
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mather, CA, USA
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, USA
| | - Xinpu Chen
- Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ruth Ann Luna
- Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sridevi Devaraj
- Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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8
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Pekson R, Poltoratsky V, Gorasiya S, Sundaram S, Ashby CR, Vancurova I, Reznik SE. N,N-Dimethylacetamide Significantly Attenuates LPS- and TNFα-Induced Proinflammatory Responses Via Inhibition of the Nuclear Factor Kappa B Pathway. Mol Med 2016; 22:747-758. [PMID: 27782292 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have shown that N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) prevents inflammation-induced preterm birth in a murine model, inhibits LPS-induced increases in placental pro-inflammatory cytokines and up-regulates the anti-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-10 (IL-10). However, DMA's mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. In the current study we investigate how DMA produces its anti-inflammatory effect. Using in vitro and ex vivo models, we show that DMA suppresses secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells, TNFα-challenged JEG-3 cells and LPS-stimulated human placental explants. DMA significantly attenuated the secretion of TNFα, IL-6, IL-10, and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) from LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, IL-6 secretion from TNFα-stimulated JEG-3 cells and TNFα, IL-6, IL-10, GM-CSF and Interleukin-8 (IL-8) from LPS-stimulated human placental explants. We further investigated if DMA's effect on cytokine expression involves the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. DMA (10 mM) significantly inhibited nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IκBα) degradation in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, but there was no significant change in the expression of phosphorylated or native forms of downstream proteins in the MAPK pathway. In addition, DMA significantly attenuated luciferase activity in cells co-transfected with NF-κB-Luc reporter plasmid, but not with AP-1-Luc or CEBP-Luc reporters. Overall, our findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of DMA is mediated by inhibition of the NF-κB pathway via decreased IκBα degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Pekson
- Dept of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sandra E Reznik
- Dept of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University.,Depts of Pathology and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
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Burgeiro A, Fuhrmann A, Cherian S, Espinoza D, Jarak I, Carvalho RA, Loureiro M, Patrício M, Antunes M, Carvalho E. Glucose uptake and lipid metabolism are impaired in epicardial adipose tissue from heart failure patients with or without diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E550-64. [PMID: 26814014 PMCID: PMC4824138 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00384.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disease, and cardiovascular disease is a leading complication of diabetes. Epicardial adipose tissue surrounding the heart displays biochemical, thermogenic, and cardioprotective properties. However, the metabolic cross-talk between epicardial fat and the myocardium is largely unknown. This study sought to understand epicardial adipose tissue metabolism from heart failure patients with or without diabetes. We aimed to unravel possible differences in glucose and lipid metabolism between human epicardial and subcutaneous adipocytes and elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms involved in heart failure. Insulin-stimulated [(14)C]glucose uptake and isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis were measured in isolated epicardial and subcutaneous adipocytes. The expression of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in adipocytes. In addition, epicardial and subcutaneous fatty acid composition was analyzed by high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The difference between basal and insulin conditions in glucose uptake was significantly decreased (P= 0.006) in epicardial compared with subcutaneous adipocytes. Moreover, a significant (P< 0.001) decrease in the isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis was also observed when the two fat depots were compared, and it was strongly correlated with lipolysis, lipid storage, and inflammation-related gene expression. Moreover, the fatty acid composition of these tissues was significantly altered by diabetes. These results emphasize potential metabolic differences between both fat depots in the presence of heart failure and highlight epicardial fat as a possible therapeutic target in situ in the cardiac microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Burgeiro
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amelia Fuhrmann
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sam Cherian
- Faculty of Integrative Sciences and Technology, Quest International University Perak, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Daniel Espinoza
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ivana Jarak
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui A Carvalho
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Marisa Loureiro
- Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, IBILI - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Patrício
- Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, IBILI - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuel Antunes
- Cardiothroracic Surgery Unit at the University Hospital of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Carvalho
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Portuguese Diabetes Association, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; and Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas
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Terra SG, Vincent J. Type 2 Diabetes: Progress Made but Still a Long Road to Travel to Reduce Disease Burden. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2015; 98:108-11. [PMID: 26013760 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S G Terra
- Pfizer Inc., GIPB, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - J Vincent
- Pfizer Inc., New York, New York, USA
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