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Dulyanska Y, Cruz-Lopes L, Esteves B, Guiné R, Domingos I. FTIR Monitoring of Polyurethane Foams Derived from Acid-Liquefied and Base-Liquefied Polyols. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2214. [PMID: 39125240 PMCID: PMC11314664 DOI: 10.3390/polym16152214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyalcohol liquefaction can be performed by acid or base catalysis, producing polyols with different properties. This study compared the mechanical properties of foams produced using polyols from liquefied Cytisus scoparius obtained by acid and base catalysis and using two different foam catalysts. The differences were monitored using FTIR analysis. Acid-catalyzed liquefaction yielded 95.1%, with the resultant polyol having an OH index of 1081 mg KOH/g, while base catalysis yielded 82.5%, with a similar OH index of 1070 mg KOH/g. Generally, compressive strength with dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) ranged from 16 to 31 kPa (acid-liquefied polyol) and 12 to 21 kPa (base-liquefied polyol), while with stannous octoate (TIN), it ranged from 17 to 42 kPa (acid) and 29 to 68 kPa (base). Increasing water content generally decreased the compressive modulus and strength of the foams. Higher water content led to a higher absorption at 1670 cm-1 in the FTIR spectrum due to the formation of urea. Higher isocyanate indices generally improved compressive strength, but high amounts led to unreacted isocyanate that could be seen by a higher absorption at 2265 cm-1 and 3290 cm-1. DBTL was shown to be the best foam catalyst due to higher trimer conversion seen in the spectra by a higher absorption at 1410 cm-1. Acid- and base-derived polyols lead to different polyurethane foams with different FTIR spectra, particularly with a higher absorption at 1670 cm-1 for foams from acid-derived liquefaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Dulyanska
- Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society-CERNAS-IPV, Av. Cor. José Maria Vale de Andrade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (Y.D.); (B.E.); (R.G.); (I.D.)
| | - Luísa Cruz-Lopes
- Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society-CERNAS-IPV, Av. Cor. José Maria Vale de Andrade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (Y.D.); (B.E.); (R.G.); (I.D.)
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic University of Viseu, Av. Cor. José Maria Vale de Andrade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Bruno Esteves
- Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society-CERNAS-IPV, Av. Cor. José Maria Vale de Andrade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (Y.D.); (B.E.); (R.G.); (I.D.)
- Department of Wood Engineering, Polytechnic University of Viseu, Av. Cor. José Maria Vale de Andrade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Raquel Guiné
- Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society-CERNAS-IPV, Av. Cor. José Maria Vale de Andrade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (Y.D.); (B.E.); (R.G.); (I.D.)
- Department of Food Engineering, Polytechnic University of Viseu, Av. Cor. José Maria Vale de Andrade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Idalina Domingos
- Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society-CERNAS-IPV, Av. Cor. José Maria Vale de Andrade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (Y.D.); (B.E.); (R.G.); (I.D.)
- Department of Wood Engineering, Polytechnic University of Viseu, Av. Cor. José Maria Vale de Andrade, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
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2
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Dingcong R, Ahalajal MAN, Mendija LCC, Ruda-Bayor RJG, Maravillas FP, Cavero AI, Cea EJC, Pantaleon KJM, Tejas KJGD, Limbaga EA, Dumancas GG, Malaluan RM, Lubguban AA. Valorization of Agricultural Rice Straw as a Sustainable Feedstock for Rigid Polyurethane/Polyisocyanurate Foam Production. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:13100-13111. [PMID: 38524426 PMCID: PMC10956088 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural rice straw (RS), often discarded as waste in farmlands, represents a vast and underutilized resource. This study explores the valorization of RS as a potential feedstock for rigid polyurethane/polyisocyanurate foam (RPUF) production. The process begins with the liquefaction of RS to create an RS-based polyol, which is then used in a modified foam formulation to prepare RPUFs. The resulting RPUF samples were comprehensively characterized according to their physical, mechanical, and thermal properties. The results demonstrated that up to 50% by weight of petroleum-based polyol can be substituted with RS-based polyol to produce a highly functional RPUF. The obtained foams exhibited a notably low apparent density of 18-24 kg/m3, exceptional thermal conductivity ranging from 0.031-0.041 W/m-K, and a high compressive strength exceeding 250 kPa. This study underlines the potential of the undervalued agricultural RS as a green alternative to petroleum-based feedstocks to produce a high-value RPUF. Additionally, the findings contribute to the sustainable utilization of abundant agricultural waste while offering an eco-friendly option for various applications, including construction materials and insulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger
G. Dingcong
- Center
for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State
University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Mary Ann N. Ahalajal
- Department
of Civil Engineering and Technology, Mindanao
State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Leanne Christie C. Mendija
- Department
of Materials Resources Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University− Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Rosal Jane G. Ruda-Bayor
- Department
of Materials Resources Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University− Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Felrose P. Maravillas
- Department
of Civil Engineering and Technology, Mindanao
State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
- College
of Engineering, Capitol University, Cagayan de Oro City 9000, Philippines
| | - Applegen I. Cavero
- Department
of Civil Engineering and Technology, Mindanao
State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
- AC
Joyo Design and Technical Services, Davao City 8000, Philippines
| | - Evalyn Joy C. Cea
- Department
of Civil Engineering and Technology, Mindanao
State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Kaye Junelle M. Pantaleon
- Department
of Materials Resources Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University− Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Kassandra Jayza Gift D. Tejas
- Center
for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State
University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Edison A. Limbaga
- Department
of Materials Resources Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University− Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Gerard G. Dumancas
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Scranton, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18510, United States
| | - Roberto M. Malaluan
- Center
for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State
University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Arnold A. Lubguban
- Center
for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State
University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
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3
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Feng J, Li Y, Strathmann TJ, Guest JS. Characterizing the Opportunity Space for Sustainable Hydrothermal Valorization of Wet Organic Wastes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2528-2541. [PMID: 38266239 PMCID: PMC10851424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Resource recovery from wet organic wastes can support circular economies by creating financial incentives to produce renewable energy and return nutrients to agriculture. In this study, we characterize the potential for hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL)-based resource recovery systems to advance the economic and environmental sustainability of wastewater sludge, FOG (fats, oils, and grease), food waste, green waste, and animal manure management through the production of liquid biofuels (naphtha, diesel), fertilizers (struvite, ammonium sulfate), and power (heat, electricity). From the waste management perspective, median costs range from -193 $·tonne-1 (FOG) to 251 $·tonne-1 (green waste), and median carbon intensities range from 367 kg CO2 eq·tonne-1 (wastewater sludge) to 769 kg CO2 eq·tonne-1 (green waste). From the fuel production perspective, the minimum selling price of renewable diesel blendstocks are within the commercial diesel price range (2.37 to 5.81 $·gal-1) and have a lower carbon intensity than petroleum diesel (101 kg CO2 eq·MMBTU-1). Finally, through uncertainty analysis and Monte Carlo filtering, we set specific targets (i.e., achieve wastewater sludge-to-biocrude yield >0.440) for the future development of hydrothermal waste management system components. Overall, our work demonstrates the potential of HTL-based resource recovery systems to reduce the costs and carbon intensity of resource-rich organic wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Feng
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yalin Li
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Timothy J. Strathmann
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jeremy S. Guest
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Institute
for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Hernández-Ramos F, Alriols MG, Antxustegi MM, Labidi J, Erdocia X. Valorisation of crude glycerol in the production of liquefied lignin bio-polyols for polyurethane formulations. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125855. [PMID: 37460069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Bio-polyols, produced by liquefying lignin with polyhydric alcohols, offer a promising alternative to conventional polyols for polyurethane production. To enhance the sustainability on the production of these bio-polyols, this study proposes the use of crude glycerol and microwave-assisted liquefaction as substitutes for conventional methods and commercial glycerol. This approach reduces the energy requirements of the reaction while also adding value to this by-product. The synthesis of bio-polyols with suitable properties to produce elastic and rigid polyurethane was carried out using previously optimised reaction conditions. Organosolv lignins obtained from Eucalyptus globulus and Pinus radiata were employed, using polyethylene glycol and crude glycerol as solvents and sulphuric acid as a catalyst. Several parameters of the bio-polyols were analysed, including hydroxyl number (IOH), acid number (An), and functionality (f), suggesting that the bio-polyols were suitable for polyurethane synthesis. Bio-polyols formulated to produce rigid polyurethanes exhibited IOH values of 554 and 383 (mg KOH/g), An values of 1.91 and 4.21 (mg KOH/g), and functionalities of 4.16 and 3.14 for Eucalyptus globulus and Pinus radiata lignin. In the case of bio-polyols for elastic polyurethanes, the values were 228 and 173 (mg KOH/g) (IOH), 20.94 and 25.09 (mg KOH/g) (An), and functionalities of 3.51 and 2.08.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Hernández-Ramos
- Biorefinery Processes Research Group (BioRP), Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Europa 1, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - María González Alriols
- Biorefinery Processes Research Group (BioRP), Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Europa 1, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - M Mirari Antxustegi
- Biorefinery Processes Research Group (BioRP), Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Avda. Otaola 29, 20600 Eibar, Spain
| | - Jalel Labidi
- Biorefinery Processes Research Group (BioRP), Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Europa 1, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Xabier Erdocia
- Biorefinery Processes Research Group (BioRP), Department of Applied Mathematics, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Rafael Moreno "Pichichi" 3, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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5
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Li X, Cao X, Yuan Y, Deng M, Yang X. Construction and validation of the average molecular structure model of the bio-oil from solvent-thermal liquefaction of sawdust using molecular characterization and molecular simulation. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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6
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Wang J, Shirvani H, Zhao H, Kibria MG, Hu J. Lignocellulosic biomass valorization via bio-photo/electro hybrid catalytic systems. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 66:108157. [PMID: 37084800 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass valorization is regarded as a promising approach to alleviate energy crisis and achieve carbon neutrality. Bioactive enzymes have attracted great attention and been commonly applied for biomass valorization owing to their high selectivity and catalytic efficiency under environmentally benign reaction conditions. Same as biocatalysis, photo-/electro-catalysis also happens at mild conditions (i.e., near ambient temperature and pressure). Therefore, the combination of these different catalytic approaches to benefit from their resulting synergy is appealing. In such hybrid systems, harness of renewable energy from the photo-/electro-catalytic compartment can be combined with the unique selectivity of biocatalysts, therefore providing a more sustainable and greener approach to obtain fuels and value-added chemicals from biomass. In this review, we firstly introduce the pros/cons, classifications, and the applications of photo-/electro-enzyme coupled systems. Then we focus on the fundamentals and comprehensive applications of the most representative biomass-active enzymes including lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), glucose oxidase (GOD)/dehydrogenase (GDH) and lignin peroxidase (LiP), together with other biomass-active enzymes in the photo-/electro- enzyme coupled systems. Finally, we propose current deficiencies and future perspectives of biomass-active enzymes to be applied in the hybrid catalytic systems for global biomass valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hamed Shirvani
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Md Golam Kibria
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Jinguang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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7
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Jiang W, Adamopoulos S, Hosseinpourpia R, Walther T, Medved S. Properties and Emissions of Three-Layer Particleboards Manufactured with Mixtures of Wood Chips and Partially Liquefied Bark. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1855. [PMID: 36902971 PMCID: PMC10004268 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Partial liquefaction of residual biomass shows good potential for developing new materials suitable for making bio-based composites. Three-layer particleboards were produced by replacing virgin wood particles with partially liquefied bark (PLB) in the core or surface layers. PLB was prepared by the acid-catalyzed liquefaction of industrial bark residues in polyhydric alcohol. The chemical and microscopic structure of bark and residues after liquefaction were evaluated by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), while the particleboards were tested for their mechanical and water-related properties, as well as their emission profiles. Through a partial liquefaction process, some FTIR absorption peaks of the bark residues were lower than those of raw bark, indicating hydrolysis of chemical compounds. The surface morphology of bark did not change considerably after partial liquefaction. Particleboards with PLB in the core layers showed overall lower densities and mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and internal bond strength), and were less water-resistant as compared to the ones with PLB used in the surface layers. Formaldehyde emissions from the particleboards were 0.284-0.382 mg/m2·h, and thus, below the E1 class limit required by European Standard EN 13986:2004. The major emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were carboxylic acids as oxidization and degradation products from hemicelluloses and lignin. The application of PLB in three-layer particleboards is more challenging than in single-layer boards as PLB has different effects on the core and surface layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jiang
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Stergios Adamopoulos
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Vallvägen 9C, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Reza Hosseinpourpia
- Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Linnaeus University, Lückligs Plats 1, 35195 Växjö, Sweden
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Thomas Walther
- Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Linnaeus University, Lückligs Plats 1, 35195 Växjö, Sweden
- IKEA Industry AB, Skrivaregatan 5, 21532 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sergej Medved
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Rožna Dolina C VIII/34, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Roldán-San Antonio J, Martín M. Optimal Integrated Plant for Biodegradable Polymer Production. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:2172-2185. [PMID: 36817411 PMCID: PMC9930116 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c05356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
An integrated facility for the production of biodegradable polymers from biomass residues has been developed. Lignocellulosic residues (sawdust), CO2, and organic waste such as manure or sludge are the raw materials. Manure and sludge are digested to provide the nutrients needed to grow algae. Algae are used in full to oil and starch production. The oil is transesterified with methanol generated via biogas dry reforming to obtain biodiesel and glycerol. The starch is used together with glycerol and the pretreated sawdust for the production of the biodegradable polymer. A mathematical optimization approach is used to identify the best use of each resource and the optimal operation of the integrated facility for each case. 4732 kt/yr of manure or 4653 kt/yr of sludge was processed to produce 354 kt/yr of biopolymer and 84 Mgal/yr of fatty acid methyl ester, capturing 2.47 kg of CO2 per kg of biopolymer with production costs of 0.89 and 0.95 $/kg, respectively, and an investment capital of 717 and 712 M$, respectively.
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Zhiwei L, Ying X, Xiubo H, Ruifan W, Boxiang Y, Li Z, Yuli Z, Lingzhi L, Shuwei W. Study on Preparation and Performances of the Triphenylmethane-4,4′,4″-Triisocyanate (TTI)/Epoxidized Soybean Oil Polyol (ESOP) Adhesives Modified by Vegetable Oil Polyol. J MACROMOL SCI B 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2022.2164157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Zhiwei
- University School of Textile and Materials Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Xia Ying
- University School of Textile and Materials Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Hu Xiubo
- Liaoning Hongshan Chemical Co. Ltd, Chaoyang, China
| | - Wang Ruifan
- Liaoning Hongshan Chemical Co. Ltd, Chaoyang, China
| | - Yang Boxiang
- University School of Textile and Materials Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhang Li
- University School of Textile and Materials Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhang Yuli
- University School of Textile and Materials Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Liu Lingzhi
- University School of Textile and Materials Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Wang Shuwei
- University School of Textile and Materials Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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Bontaş MG, Diacon A, Călinescu I, Rusen E. Lignocellulose Biomass Liquefaction: Process and Applications Development as Polyurethane Foams. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030563. [PMID: 36771865 PMCID: PMC9919571 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main strategies for sustainable human society progress is the development of efficient strategies to limit waste production and maximize renewable resource utilization. In this context, this review highlights the opportunity to transform vegetable biomass residues into valuable commercial products. Biomass conversion entails the depolymerization of lignocellulosic biomass towards biopolyols and the synthesis and characterization of the valuable products obtained by using them. The influence of the reaction parameters in both acid and basic catalysis is highlighted, respectively the influence of microwaves on the liquefaction reaction versus conventional heating. Following the depolymerization reaction, polyols are employed to produce polyurethane foams. As a special characteristic, the addition of flame-retardant properties was emphasized. Another interesting topic is the biodegradability of these products, considering the negative consequences that waste accumulation has on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Gabriel Bontaş
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica Bucharest, Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- S.C. Protect Chemical S.R.L., 6 Cercetătorilor Street, 042024 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurel Diacon
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica Bucharest, Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Military Technical Academy “Ferdinand I”, 39-49 George Coșbuc Boulevard, 050141 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioan Călinescu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica Bucharest, Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Edina Rusen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica Bucharest, Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
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Tran MH, Lee B, Lee H, Brigljević B, Lee EY, Lim H. Sustainable biopolyol production via solvothermal liquefaction silvergrass saccharification residue: Experimental, economic, and environmental approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 847:157668. [PMID: 35907550 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the rising environmental concern, sustainable chemistry should be accomplished by considering technical, economic, and environmental factors that guarantee the successful implementation of new alternative products. Hence, we performed the integrated techno-economic and life cycle assessment for two-step solvothermal liquefaction (two-pot synthesis) and simplified solvothermal liquefaction (one-pot synthesis) based on experiment results. Based on the itemized cost estimation, the unit biopolyol production costs obtained from the two-pot synthesis and one-pot synthesis were 10.0 $ kg-1 and 2.89 $ kg-1, respectively. To provide techno-economic guidelines for biopolyol production, profitability analysis, and uncertainty analysis were used to identify the economic feasibility of the proposed processes. In addition, the life cycle assessment results indicated that biopolyol production via the two-pot synthesis leads to a slightly lower greenhouse gas emission compared with the one-pot synthesis, which further required the use of an analytic hierarchy process to determine the best process for biopolyol production depending on the different weight points in the economic and environmental aspects. From these results, we can provide the technical performance, economic feasibility, and environmental impact of lab-scale biopolyol production from silvergrass residue, a low-cost waste of biomass saccharification.
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Affiliation(s)
- My Ha Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Boreum Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Hyunjun Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Boris Brigljević
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hankwon Lim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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12
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Vieira FR, Magina S, Evtuguin DV, Barros-Timmons A. Lignin as a Renewable Building Block for Sustainable Polyurethanes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6182. [PMID: 36079563 PMCID: PMC9457695 DOI: 10.3390/ma15176182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the pulp and paper industry generates around 50-70 million tons of lignin annually, which is mainly burned for energy recovery. Lignin, being a natural aromatic polymer rich in functional hydroxyl groups, has been drawing the interest of academia and industry for its valorization, especially for the development of polymeric materials. Among the different types of polymers that can be derived from lignin, polyurethanes (PUs) are amid the most important ones, especially due to their wide range of applications. This review encompasses available technologies to isolate lignin from pulping processes, the main approaches to convert solid lignin into a liquid polyol to produce bio-based polyurethanes, the challenges involving its characterization, and the current technology assessment. Despite the fact that PUs derived from bio-based polyols, such as lignin, are important in contributing to the circular economy, the use of isocyanate is a major environmental hot spot. Therefore, the main strategies that have been used to replace isocyanates to produce non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) derived from lignin are also discussed.
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13
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Mao H, Chen C, Guo L, Rwei S. Tunable shape memory property polyurethane with high glass transition temperature composed of polycarbonate diols. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsu‐I Mao
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chin‐Wen Chen
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Li‐Yin Guo
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Syang‐Peng Rwei
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan
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Mosayebi M, Sadeghi GMM, Jamjah R. Synthesis of waterborne polyurethane nanocomposite adhesives of bio‐based polyol from rapeseed cake residual and cellulose nanowhisker. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mosayebi
- Department of Polymer and Color Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) Tehran Iran
| | - Gity Mir Mohamad Sadeghi
- Department of Polymer and Color Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) Tehran Iran
| | - Roghieh Jamjah
- Department of Polymer Engineering Polymer and Petrochemical Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
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15
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Eco Valorization of Eucalyptus globulus Bark and Branches through Liquefaction. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12083775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Eucalyptus globulus forest residues, bark, and branches, were characterized by wet chemistry methods and involved in the liquefaction process using a glycerol-ethylene glycol reaction mixture (1:1, v/v) catalyzed by strong mineral acid (3% H2SO4) or strong mineral base (6% KOH). The effect of the reaction conditions (temperature and duration) and the particle size on the yield of liquefied products have been evaluated. Acid catalysis revealed remarkably higher yields (25–50%) than when using basic catalyst. It was considered that bark was more vulnerable to liquefaction with respect to particle size than branches. Too high temperatures (>180 °C) are not advantageous regarding the liquefaction yields and, therefore, temperatures around 160–180 °C would be preferable. The best yield for the bark sample (>80 mesh fraction) was obtained at 180 °C for 60 min (61.6%), while for the branches the best yield was obtained at 160 °C for 60 min (62.2%). Under compromised conditions (180 °C for 60 min), the fine fraction (>80 mesh) of bark and branches did not show significant differences between their liquefaction yields and can be processed together while adjusting the suitable processing time. The main advantage of the use of these residues instead of solid wood is that it would bring the Forest managing companies a much higher income for their wastes that are usually burned and the use of lignocellulosic materials in detriment of petroleum-based materials for the production of polymers would make industry less dependent on oil prices fluctuations.
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Wu J, Wang D, Meng F, Li J, Huo C, Du X, Xu S. Polyvinyl alcohol based bio‐composite films reinforced by liquefaction products and cellulose nanofibrils from coconut coir. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou China
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Dun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou China
| | - Fanrong Meng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou China
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Shandong Academy of Sciences Qilu University of Technology Jinan China
| | - Jihui Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou China
| | - Chunqing Huo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Hainan University Haikou China
| | - Xueyu Du
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou China
| | - Shuying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou China
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Abstract
Bio-oil, although rich in chemical species, is primarily used as fuel oil, due to its greater calorific power when compared to the biomass from which it is made. The incomplete understanding of how to explore its chemical potential as a source of value-added chemicals and, therefore, a supply of intermediary chemical species is due to the diverse composition of bio-oil. Being biomass-based, making it subject to composition changes, bio-oil is obtained via different processes, the two most common being fast pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction. Different methods result in different bio-oil compositions even from the same original biomass. Understanding which biomass source and process results in a particular chemical makeup is of interest to those concerned with the refinement or direct application in chemical reactions of bio-oil. This paper presents a summary of published bio-oil production methods, origin biomass, and the resulting composition.
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Handika SO, Lubis MAR, Sari RK, Laksana RPB, Antov P, Savov V, Gajtanska M, Iswanto AH. Enhancing Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Ramie Fiber via Impregnation by Lignin-Based Polyurethane Resin. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226850. [PMID: 34832252 PMCID: PMC8617714 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this study, lignin isolated and fractionated from black liquor was used as a pre-polymer to prepare bio-polyurethane (Bio-PU) resin, and the resin was impregnated into ramie fiber (Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich) to improve its thermal and mechanical properties. The isolated lignin was fractionated by one-step fractionation using two different solvents, i.e., methanol (MeOH) and acetone (Ac). Each fractionated lignin was dissolved in NaOH and then reacted with a polymeric 4,4-methane diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) polymer at an NCO/OH mole ratio of 0.3. The resulting Bio-PU was then used in the impregnation of ramie fiber. The characterization of lignin, Bio-PU, and ramie fiber was carried out using several techniques, i.e., Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), pyrolysis-gas-chromatography-mass-spectroscopy (Py-GCMS), Micro Confocal Raman spectroscopy, and an evaluation of fiber mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity and tensile strength). Impregnation of Bio-PU into ramie fiber resulted in weight gain ranging from 6% to 15%, and the values increased when extending the impregnation time. The reaction between the NCO group on Bio-PU and the OH group on ramie fiber forms a C=O group of urethane as confirmed by FTIR and Micro Confocal Raman spectroscopies at a wavenumber of 1600 cm−1. Based on the TGA analysis, ramie fiber with lignin-based Bio-PU had better thermal properties than ramie fiber before impregnation with a greater weight residue of 21.7%. The mechanical properties of ramie fiber also increased after impregnation with lignin-based Bio-PU, resulting in a modulus of elasticity of 31 GPa for ramie-L-isolated and a tensile strength of 577 MPa for ramie-L-Ac. The enhanced thermal and mechanical properties of impregnated ramie fiber with lignin-based Bio-PU resins could increase the added value of ramie fiber and enhance its more comprehensive industrial application as a functional material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucia Okta Handika
- Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia;
| | - Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis
- Research Center for Biomaterials, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: (M.A.R.L.); (R.K.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Rita Kartika Sari
- Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: (M.A.R.L.); (R.K.S.); (M.G.)
| | | | - Petar Antov
- Faculty of Forest Industry, University of Forestry, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.A.); (V.S.)
| | - Viktor Savov
- Faculty of Forest Industry, University of Forestry, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.A.); (V.S.)
| | - Milada Gajtanska
- Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (M.A.R.L.); (R.K.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Apri Heri Iswanto
- Department of Forest Product, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia;
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Jiang W, Hosseinpourpia R, Biziks V, Ahmed SA, Militz H, Adamopoulos S. Preparation of Polyurethane Adhesives from Crude and Purified Liquefied Wood Sawdust. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193267. [PMID: 34641084 PMCID: PMC8512079 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) adhesives were prepared with bio-polyols obtained via acid-catalyzed polyhydric alcohol liquefaction of wood sawdust and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI). Two polyols, i.e., crude and purified liquefied wood (CLW and PLW), were obtained from the liquefaction process with a high yield of 99.7%. PU adhesives, namely CLWPU and PLWPU, were then prepared by reaction of CLW or PLW with pMDI at various isocyanate to hydroxyl group (NCO:OH) molar ratios of 0.5:1, 1:1, 1.5:1, and 2:1. The chemical structure and thermal behavior of the bio-polyols and the cured PU adhesives were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Performance of the adhesives was evaluated by single-lap joint shear tests according to EN 302-1:2003, and by adhesive penetration. The highest shear strength was found at the NCO:OH molar ratio of 1.5:1 as 4.82 ± 1.01 N/mm2 and 4.80 ± 0.49 N/mm2 for CLWPU and PLWPU, respectively. The chemical structure and thermal properties of the cured CLWPU and PLWPU adhesives were considerably influenced by the NCO:OH molar ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jiang
- Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Linnaeus University, Lückligs Plats 1, 35195 Växjö, Sweden; (W.J.); (R.H.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Reza Hosseinpourpia
- Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Linnaeus University, Lückligs Plats 1, 35195 Växjö, Sweden; (W.J.); (R.H.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Vladimirs Biziks
- Institute of Wood Biology and Wood Products, Georg-August University Göettingen, Büsgenweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (V.B.); (H.M.)
| | - Sheikh Ali Ahmed
- Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Linnaeus University, Lückligs Plats 1, 35195 Växjö, Sweden; (W.J.); (R.H.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Holger Militz
- Institute of Wood Biology and Wood Products, Georg-August University Göettingen, Büsgenweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (V.B.); (H.M.)
| | - Stergios Adamopoulos
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Vallvägen 9C, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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Production of Rigid Polyurethane Foams Using Polyol from Liquefied Oil Palm Biomass: Variation of Isocyanate Indexes. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13183072. [PMID: 34577973 PMCID: PMC8468963 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of polyurethane foam (PUF) containing bio-based components is a complex process that requires extensive studies. This work reports on the production of rigid PUFs from polyol obtained via liquefaction of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) biomass with different isocyanate (NCO) indexes. The effect of the NCO index on the physical, chemical and compressive properties of the liquefied EFB-based PUF (EFBPUF) was evaluated. The EFBPUFs showed a unique set of properties at each NCO index. Foaming properties had affected the apparent density and cellular morphology of the EFBPUFs. Increasing NCO index had increased the crosslink density and dimensional stability of the EFBPUFs via formation of isocyanurates, which had also increased their thermal stability. Combination of both foaming properties and crosslink density of the EFBPUFs had influenced their respective compressive properties. The EFBPUF produced at the NCO index of 120 showed the optimum compressive strength and released the least toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN) gas under thermal degradation. The normalized compressive strength of the EFBPUF at the NCO index of 120 is also comparable with the strength of the PUF produced using petrochemical polyol.
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21
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High-Strength and Low-Cost Biobased Polyurethane Foam Composites Enhanced by Poplar Wood Powder Liquefaction. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172999. [PMID: 34503039 PMCID: PMC8434497 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An environmentally friendly liquefaction of wood powder was prepared by atmospheric pressure liquefaction technology to replace the non-renewable petroleum polyols in the preparation of polyurethane foam composites. The liquefaction time varied from 0 min to 140 min. The composition of liquefied products and the effects of liquefaction time on the morphology, apparent density and mechanical properties of polyurethane foam composites were investigated. The results showed that the optimal process time for the preparation of wood powder liquefaction products, which could replace traditional petroleum polyols, was 110 min. At this time, polyether polyols are the main liquefaction products, with an average molecular weight in Mn reaching 237 and average molecular weight in Mw reaching 246. The functional group of the liquefied product consisted mainly of hydroxyl, with the highest content of 1042 mg KOH/g and the lowest acid number of 1.6 mg KOH/g. In addition, the surface of the polyurethane foam based on poplar wood is dominated by closed cell foam; thus its foam has good heat insulation and heat preservation properties. At 110 min liquefaction time, the apparent density of polyurethane foam is 0.164 g/cm3 and the compression strength is 850 kPa, which is higher than that of traditional polyurethane foam (768 kPa), which is without wood powder modification. Replacing petroleum polyol with renewable wood powder liquefaction products to prepare biomass-based polyurethane foam composite materials, researching complex chemical changes in different liquefaction stages, and finding the best liquefaction conditions are of great significance to optimize the performance of polyurethane, address the shortage of resources and reduce environmental pollution.
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Liu LY, Karaaslan MA, Hua Q, Cho M, Chen S, Renneckar S. Thermo-Responsive Shape-Memory Polyurethane Foams from Renewable Lignin Resources with Tunable Structures–Properties and Enhanced Temperature Resistance. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yang Liu
- Advanced Renewable Materials Lab, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Muzaffer A. Karaaslan
- Advanced Renewable Materials Lab, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Qi Hua
- Advanced Renewable Materials Lab, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - MiJung Cho
- Advanced Renewable Materials Lab, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Siwei Chen
- Advanced Renewable Materials Lab, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Scott Renneckar
- Advanced Renewable Materials Lab, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Ground Tire Rubber Filled Flexible Polyurethane Foam-Effect of Waste Rubber Treatment on Composite Performance. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14143807. [PMID: 34300726 PMCID: PMC8304020 DOI: 10.3390/ma14143807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The application range of flexible polyurethane (PU) foams is comprehensive because of their versatility and flexibility in adjusting structure and performance. In addition to the investigations associated with further broadening of their potential properties, researchers are looking for new raw materials, beneficially originated from renewable resources or recycling. A great example of such a material is ground tire rubber (GTR)—the product of the material recycling of post-consumer car tires. To fully exploit the benefits of this material, it should be modified to enhance the interfacial interactions between PU and GTR. In the presented work, GTR particles were thermo-mechanically modified with the addition of fresh and waste rapeseed oil in the reactive extrusion process. The introduction of modified GTR particles into a flexible PU matrix caused a beneficial 17–28% decrease in average cell diameters. Such an effect caused an even 5% drop in thermal conductivity coefficient values, enhancing thermal insulation performance. The application of waste oil resulted in the superior mechanical performance of composites compared to the fresh one and thermo-mechanical modification without oils. The compressive and tensile performance of composites filled with waste oil-modified GTR was almost the same as for the unfilled foam. Moreover, the introduction of ground tire rubber particles enhanced the thermal stability of neat polyurethane foam.
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Patel CM, Dhore NR, Barot AA, Kothapalli RVSN. An efficient and environment friendly bio-based polyols through liquefaction: Liquefaction temperature and catalyst concentration optimization and utilized for rigid polyurethane foams. CELLULAR POLYMERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/02624893211017271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aiming towards the liquefaction of paddy straw was accumulation as well as providing a technically viable route leading to preservation of the natural resources and environment, the paddy straw was chemically liquefied. Paddy straw were liquefied into bio-based polyol in the presence of castor oil and blend of castor and karanja oil as depolymerizing agent and P-Toluene sulfonic acid as catalyst. Liquefied product was characterized by chemical as well as analytical techniques. The agricultural waste base paddy straw was eventually converted into polymeric precursor (polyol) monomer with nearly 80 to 95% yield by employing 2% catalyst concentration and at optimized temperature of 180°C. Synthesized polyol can be utilized further in formulating high quality rigid polyurethane foams. The foams were characterized in terms of their physical, mechanical, thermal and morphological properties. All foams exhibit good compressive strengths and thermal stability. Thermal conductivity of foams varied between 0.012 and 0.023 Kcal/mh°C, with the lowest being of foam from liquefied (LP), making it suitable for utilization as an insulation material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiragkumar M Patel
- Polymers and Functional Materials, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nikhil R Dhore
- Paint Technology Division, University Institute of Chemical Technology, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amit A Barot
- Byblos Roads Marking and Traffic Signs LLC, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raju VSN Kothapalli
- Polymers and Functional Materials, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India
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Tran MH, Yu JH, Lee EY. Microwave-Assisted Two-Step Liquefaction of Acetone-Soluble Lignin of Silvergrass Saccharification Residue for Production of Biopolyol and Biopolyurethane. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091491. [PMID: 34066548 PMCID: PMC8124352 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of microwave heating facilitated efficient two-step liquefaction of acetone-soluble lignin obtained from saccharification residue of Miscanthus sacchariflorus (silvergrass), which was prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis, to produce biopolyol with a low acid number and favorable hydroxyl number. The acetone-soluble lignin was liquefied using a crude glycerol and 1,4-butanediol solvent mixture at various solvent blending ratios, biomass loadings, acid loadings, and reaction temperatures. The optimal reaction condition was determined at a solvent blending ratio of crude glycerol to 1,4-butanediol of 1:2, 20% of biomass loading, and 1% of catalyst loading at a reaction temperature of 140 °C for 10 min. Subsequently, the optimal biopolyol was directly used for the preparation of biopolyurethane foam as a value-added product. The chemical and physical properties of biopolyurethane foams derived from acetone-soluble lignin were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM). In addition, mechanical properties of produced biopolyurethane foams, including compressive strength and density, were also characterized to suggest their appropriate applications. The results indicated that the biopolyurethane foam can be used as a green replacement for petroleum-based polyurethane foam due to its comparable thermal properties, mechanical strength, and morphological structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- My Ha Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea;
| | - Ju-Hyun Yu
- Bio-based Chemistry Research Center, Advanced Convergent Chemistry Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 107, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-H.Y.); (E.Y.L.); Tel.: +82-31-201-3839 (E.Y.L.)
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.-H.Y.); (E.Y.L.); Tel.: +82-31-201-3839 (E.Y.L.)
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Sternberg J, Sequerth O, Pilla S. Green chemistry design in polymers derived from lignin: review and perspective. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Weng R, Lu X, Ji N, Fukuoka A, Shrotri A, Li X, Zhang R, Zhang M, Xiong J, Yu Z. Taming the butterfly effect: modulating catalyst nanostructures for better selectivity control of the catalytic hydrogenation of biomass-derived furan platform chemicals. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01708j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This minireview highlights versatile routes for catalyst nanostructure modulation for better hydrogenation selectivity control of typical biomass-derived furan platform chemicals to tame the butterfly effect on the catalytic selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengui Weng
- Indoor Environment Engineering Research Center of Fujian Province, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, P.R. China
| | - Xuebin Lu
- School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, P.R. China
| | - Na Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Atsushi Fukuoka
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Abhijit Shrotri
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510275, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xiong
- School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, P.R. China
| | - Zhihao Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
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Ma X, Chen J, Zhu J, Yan N. Lignin-Based Polyurethane: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000492. [PMID: 33205584 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU), as a polymer material with versatile product forms and excellent performance, is used in coatings, elastomers, adhesives, and foams widely. However, the raw materials (polyols and isocyanates) of PU are usually made using petroleum-derived chemicals. With the concern for depletion of petroleum resources and the associated negative impact on the environment, developing technologies that can use renewable raw materials as feedstock has become a research hotspot. Lignin, as an abundant, natural, and renewable organic carbon resource, has been explored as raw material for making polyurethanes because it possesses rich hydroxyl groups on its surface. Meanwhile, compared to vegetable oils, lignin does not compete with food supply and performance of the resulting products is superior. Lignin or modified lignin has been shown to impart the polyurethane material with additional functionalities, such as UV-blocking ability, hydrophobicity, and flame retardancy. However, the utilization of lignin has encountered some challenges, such as product isolation, heterogeneity, aggregation, steric hindrance, and low activity. This paper summarizes recent research progress on utilizing lignin and modified lignin for bio-based polyurethane synthesis with a focus on elastomers and foams. Opportunities and challenges for application of the lignin-based polyurethanes in various fields are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Ma
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ning Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3B3, Canada
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Lauer MK, Smith RC. Recent advances in starch‐based films toward food packaging applications: Physicochemical, mechanical, and functional properties. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:3031-3083. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moira K. Lauer
- Department of Chemistry Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
| | - Rhett C. Smith
- Department of Chemistry Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
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30
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Production and characterization of rigid polyurethane foam by oxypropylation of organosolv lignin extracted from exhausted olive pomace. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Conversion of biomass lignin to high-value polyurethane: A review. JOURNAL OF BIORESOURCES AND BIOPRODUCTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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32
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Utilization of Partially Liquefied Bark for Production of Particleboards. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10155253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Bark as a sawmilling residue can be used for producing value-added chemicals and materials. This study investigated the use of partially liquefied bark (PLB) for producing particleboard with or without synthetic adhesives. Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) bark was partially liquefied in the presence of ethylene glycol and sulfuric acid. Four types of particleboard panels were prepared with a PLB content of 4.7%, 9.1%, 20%, and 33.3%, respectively. Another five types of particleboard panels were manufactured by using similar amounts of PLB and 10 wt.% of melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF) adhesives. Characterization of bark and solid residues of PLB was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and automated vapor sorption (AVS). Mechanical and physical properties of the particleboard were tested according to the European standards EN 310 for determining modulus of elasticity and bending strength, EN 317 for determining thickness swelling after immersion in water, and EN 319 for determining internal bond strength. The results showed that the increase in PLB content improved the mechanical strength for the non-MUF boards, and the MUF-bonded boards with up to 20% of PLB met the requirements for interior uses in dry conditions according to EN 312. The non-MUF boards containing 33.3% of PLB and the MUF-bonded boards showed comparable thickness swelling and water absorption levels compared to the reference board.
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33
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Bizet B, Grau É, Cramail H, Asua JM. Water-based non-isocyanate polyurethane-ureas (NIPUUs). Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00427h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review aims at discussing the achievements and the remaining challenges in the development of water-soluble NIPUUs, NIPUUs-based hydrogels and water-borne NIPUU dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Bizet
- LCPO – UMR 5629
- Université de Bordeaux – CNRS – Bordeaux INP
- 33607 Pessac
- France
- POLYMAT
| | - Étienne Grau
- LCPO – UMR 5629
- Université de Bordeaux – CNRS – Bordeaux INP
- 33607 Pessac
- France
| | - Henri Cramail
- LCPO – UMR 5629
- Université de Bordeaux – CNRS – Bordeaux INP
- 33607 Pessac
- France
| | - José M. Asua
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta Center
- 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián
- Spain
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34
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Zhou R, Zhou R, Zhang X, Fang Z, Wang X, Speight R, Wang H, Doherty W, Cullen PJ, Ostrikov KK, Bazaka K. High-Performance Plasma-Enabled Biorefining of Microalgae to Value-Added Products. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:4976-4985. [PMID: 31441585 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201901772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of renewable biomass by time- and energy-efficient techniques remains an important challenge. Herein, plasma catalytic liquefaction (PCL) is employed to achieve rapid liquefaction of microalgae under mild conditions. The choice of the catalyst affects both the liquefaction efficiency and the yield of products. The acid catalyst is more effective and gave a liquid yield of 73.95 wt % in 3 min, as opposed to 69.80 wt % obtained with the basic catalyst in 7 min. Analyses of the thus-formed products and the processing environment reveal that the enhanced PCL performance is linked to the rapid increase in temperature under the effect of plasma-induced electric fields and the generation of large quantities of reactive species. Moreover, the obtained solid residue can be simply upgraded to a carbon product suitable for supercapacitor applications. Therefore, the proposed strategy may provide a new avenue for fast and comprehensive utilization of biomass under benign conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renwu Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Rusen Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Xianhui Zhang
- Department of Electronic Science, College of Physical Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Fang
- College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiang Wang
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Robert Speight
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Hongxia Wang
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - William Doherty
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Patrick J Cullen
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Kostya Ken Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Kateryna Bazaka
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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Kim JY, Lee HW, Lee SM, Jae J, Park YK. Overview of the recent advances in lignocellulose liquefaction for producing biofuels, bio-based materials and chemicals. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 279:373-384. [PMID: 30685133 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The concerns over the increasing energy demand and cost as well as environmental problems derived from fossil fuel use are the main driving forces of research into renewable energy. Lignocellulosic biomass comprised of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin is an abundant, carbon neutral, and alternative resource for replacing fossil fuels in the future. Solvent liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass is a promising route to obtain biofuels, bio-based materials, and chemicals using a range of solvents as reaction media under moderate reaction conditions. Recently, several researchers have considered novel approaches for enhancing the process efficiency and economics. This review article reports the state-of-the-art knowledge of lignocellulose liquefaction in the recent three years with the main focus on the feedstock, liquefaction technology, target products, and degradation mechanism of each biomass component. This review is expected to provide an important reference for research into the solvent liquefaction of lignocellulose in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Young Kim
- Wood Chemistry Division, Forest Products Department, National Institute of Forest Science, 57 Hoegiro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Won Lee
- Wood Chemistry Division, Forest Products Department, National Institute of Forest Science, 57 Hoegiro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Min Lee
- Wood Chemistry Division, Forest Products Department, National Institute of Forest Science, 57 Hoegiro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Jae
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongjie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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37
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Yang S, Fan D, Li G. Analysis of phenolic compounds obtained from bamboo microwave liquefaction for fast‐curing phenol‐formaldehyde resin preparation. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- Research Institute of Wood IndustryChinese Academy of Forestry, 1 Dong Xiao Fu, Xiang Shan Road, Haidian District Beijing 100091 China
| | - Dong‐Bin Fan
- Research Institute of Wood IndustryChinese Academy of Forestry, 1 Dong Xiao Fu, Xiang Shan Road, Haidian District Beijing 100091 China
| | - Gai‐Yun Li
- Research Institute of Wood IndustryChinese Academy of Forestry, 1 Dong Xiao Fu, Xiang Shan Road, Haidian District Beijing 100091 China
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38
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Gama NV, Ferreira A, Barros-Timmons A. Polyurethane Foams: Past, Present, and Future. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1841. [PMID: 30262722 PMCID: PMC6213201 DOI: 10.3390/ma11101841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric foams can be found virtually everywhere due to their advantageous properties compared with counterparts materials. Possibly the most important class of polymeric foams are polyurethane foams (PUFs), as their low density and thermal conductivity combined with their interesting mechanical properties make them excellent thermal and sound insulators, as well as structural and comfort materials. Despite the broad range of applications, the production of PUFs is still highly petroleum-dependent, so this industry must adapt to ever more strict regulations and rigorous consumers. In that sense, the well-established raw materials and process technologies can face a turning point in the near future, due to the need of using renewable raw materials and new process technologies, such as three-dimensional (3D) printing. In this work, the fundamental aspects of the production of PUFs are reviewed, the new challenges that the PUFs industry are expected to confront regarding process methodologies in the near future are outlined, and some alternatives are also presented. Then, the strategies for the improvement of PUFs sustainability, including recycling, and the enhancement of their properties are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno V Gama
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro⁻Campus Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Artur Ferreira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro⁻Campus Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão de Águeda-Rua Comandante Pinho e Freitas, No. 28, 3750-127 Águeda, Portugal.
| | - Ana Barros-Timmons
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro⁻Campus Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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39
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40
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Kuo PY, Yan N, Tratnik N, Luo J. Applications of bark for bio-based adhesives and foams. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2017-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
With the increased concern for climate change and depletion of fossil fuel resources, there is a growing trend to research and develop technologies that can use renewable biomass as the raw material for synthesizing chemical products. Bark, a largely available forestry biomass residue with attractive chemical compositions, is considered as a promising feedstock. This article summarizes our recent research and development work in deriving bark-derived adhesives and foams and various bark conversion technologies explored. Advantages and disadvantages associated with the conversion technologies and bark-based chemical products are discussed. Some future studies that can further promote commercial applications of these novel bio-based products are presented. These novel bark-derived products have potential to generate higher value return using the low-valued forestry residue materials while increasing the renewable content in the final chemical products for a higher sustainability.
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41
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Chen K, Cao M, Ding C, Zheng X. A green approach for the synthesis of novel Ag 3PO 4/SnO 2/porcine bone and its exploitation as a catalyst in the photodegradation of lignosulfonate into alkyl acids. RSC Adv 2018; 8:26782-26792. [PMID: 35541074 PMCID: PMC9083099 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04962a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel Ag3PO4/SnO2/porcine bone composite photocatalyst was successfully prepared via an ion exchange method, which can convert lignin derivatives into small molecular acids upon exposure to visible light at room temperature at ambient pressure. The composition characterization, optical absorption properties and photocatalytic activities of the Ag3PO4/SnO2/porcine bone composites were thoroughly investigated. The certain role of each component of the composites in the degradation reaction was discussed: Ag3PO4 acted as the major active component, while SnO2 and porcine bone as cocatalyst contributed to improve the photocatalytic activity and stability of Ag3PO4. The enhanced activity of the Ag3PO4/SnO2/porcine bone composite may be attributed to the synergistic effect including the matched energy band structures of Ag3PO4 and SnO2 for the decrease in the probability of electron-hole recombination and improved performance in the presence of hierarchical porous porcine bone (hydroxyapatite). This paper also analyzed the change of the molecular weight and structure of sodium lignin sulfonate in the photocatalytic reaction and discussed the possible photocatalytic mechanism of the photocatalyst composite, indicating that the benzene rings of guaiacol were oxidized into different alkyl acids (maleic acid, oxalic acid, formic acid and methoxy acetic acid).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Mengdie Cao
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Cong Ding
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Xinsheng Zheng
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China
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42
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Characterization of polyurethane foams prepared from liquefied sawdust by crude glycerol and polyethylene glycol. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-018-1516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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43
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Lange J. Lignocellulose Liquefaction to Biocrude: A Tutorial Review. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:997-1014. [PMID: 29364569 PMCID: PMC5900959 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201702362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
After 40 years of research and development, liquefaction technologies are now being demonstrated at 200-3000 tons per year scale to convert lignocellulosic biomass to biocrudes for use as heavy fuel or for upgrading to biofuels. This Review attempts to present the various facets of the liquefaction process in a tutorial manner. Emphasis is placed on liquefaction in high-boiling solvents, with regular reference to liquefaction in subcritical water or other light-boiling solvents. Reaction chemistry, solvent selection, role of optional catalyst as well as biocrude composition and properties are discussed in depth. Challenges in biomass feeding and options for biocrude-solvent separation are addressed. Process concepts are reviewed and demonstration/commercialization efforts are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐Paul Lange
- Shell Global Solutions International B.V.Shell Technology Centre AmsterdamGrasweg 311031HWAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Sustainable Process Technology GroupFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of TwentePO Box 2177500AEEnschedeThe Netherlands
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44
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Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass Into Platform Chemicals for Biobased Polyurethane Application. ADVANCES IN BIOENERGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aibe.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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45
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Furtwengler P, Avérous L. Renewable polyols for advanced polyurethane foams from diverse biomass resources. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00827b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights recent advances in the synthesis of renewable polyols, used for making polyurethane foams, from biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luc Avérous
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM
- UMR CNRS 7515
- Université de Strasbourg
- Cedex 2
- France
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46
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Tang C, Shan J, Chen Y, Zhong L, Shen T, Zhu C, Ying H. Organic amine catalytic organosolv pretreatment of corn stover for enzymatic saccharification and high-quality lignin. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 232:222-228. [PMID: 28231540 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel and efficient organic amine and organosolv synergetic pretreatment method was developed to overcome the recalcitrance of lignocellulose to produce fermentable sugars and high-quality salt-free lignin. After optimization of the process parameters, a delignification of 81.7% and total sugar yield of 83.2% (87.1% glucose, 75.4% xylose) could be obtained using n-propylamine (10mmol/g, biomass) as a catalyst and aqueous ethanol (60%, v/v) as a solvent. The susceptibility of the substrates to enzymatic digestibility was explained by their physical and chemical characteristics. The physical structure of extracted lignin showed higher β-aryl ether bonds content and functionalities, offering the potential for further downstream upgrading. The role of organic amine catalyst and a synergistic mechanism is proposed for the present system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglun Tang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China; National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing, China
| | - Junqiang Shan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China; National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanjun Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China; National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingxia Zhong
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China; National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Shen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China; National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenjie Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China; National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hanjie Ying
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China; National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing, China
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47
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D'Souza J, Camargo R, Yan N. Biomass Liquefaction and Alkoxylation: A Review of Structural Characterization Methods for Bio-based Polyols. POLYM REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2017.1283328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason D'Souza
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rafael Camargo
- Huntsman Advanced Technology Center, Huntsman International LLC, The Woodlands, Texas, USA
| | - Ning Yan
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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48
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Liquefaction and characterization of residue of oleaginous yeast in polyhydric alcohols. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-016-0122-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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49
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Shao Q, Li HQ, Huang CP, Xu J. Biopolyol preparation from liquefaction of grape seeds. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- Changzhou Institute of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Hong-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chong-Pin Huang
- Changzhou Institute of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
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50
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Jung JY, Lee Y, Lee EY. Value-added Utilization of Lignin Residue from Pretreatment Process of Lignocellulosic Biomass. APPLIED CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.14478/ace.2016.1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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