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Maciulevičius M, Palepšienė R, Vykertas S, Raišutis R, Rafanavičius A, Krilavičius T, Šatkauskas S. The comparison of the dynamics of Ca 2+ and bleomycin intracellular delivery after cell sonoporation and electroporation in vitro. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 158:108708. [PMID: 38636366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Ca2+, in combination with SP or EP, induces cell cytotoxicity much faster compared to BLM. The application of BLM in combination with, SP or EP, reaches the level of cell death, induced by similar combination with Ca2+, only after 72 h. The methods of SP and EP were calibrated according to the level of differential cytotoxicity, determined after 6 days (using cell clonogenic assay). The combination of Ca2+ SP induces cell death faster than Ca2+ EP - after Ca2+ SP it increases to a maximum level after 15 min and remains constant for up to 6 days, while the cytotoxic efficiency after Ca2+ EP increases to the level of Ca2+ SP only after 72 h. The combination of BLM SP shows a very similar dynamics to BLM EP - both reach maximal level of cytotoxicity after 48-72 h. Ca2+ and BLM in combination with SP have shown similar levels of cytotoxicity at higher acoustic pressures (≥250 kPa); therefore, Ca2+ SP can be used to induce immediate and maximal level of cytotoxic effect. The faster cytotoxic efficiency of Ca2+ in combination with SP than EP was determined to be due to the involvement of microbubble inertial cavitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martynas Maciulevičius
- Biophysical Research Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos st. 8, LT-44404, Kaunas, Lithuania; Ultrasound Research Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko st. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Rūta Palepšienė
- Biophysical Research Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos st. 8, LT-44404, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Salvijus Vykertas
- Biophysical Research Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos st. 8, LT-44404, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Renaldas Raišutis
- Ultrasound Research Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko st. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania; Department of Electrical Power Systems, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentų st. 48, LT-51367 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Aras Rafanavičius
- Biophysical Research Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos st. 8, LT-44404, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Tomas Krilavičius
- Faculty of Informatics, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos st. 8, LT-44404, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Saulius Šatkauskas
- Biophysical Research Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos st. 8, LT-44404, Kaunas, Lithuania.
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2
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Zhang Z, Yu G, Eresen A, Chen Z, Yu Z, Yaghmai V, Zhang Z. Dendritic cell vaccination combined with irreversible electroporation for treating pancreatic cancer-a narrative review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2024; 12:77. [PMID: 39118942 PMCID: PMC11304422 DOI: 10.21037/atm-23-1882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objective Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is 3rd most lethal cancer in the USA leading to a median survival of six months and less than 5% 5-year overall survival (OS). As the only potentially curative treatment, surgical resection is not suitable for up to 90% of the patients with PDAC due to late diagnosis. Highly fibrotic PDAC with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment restricts cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) infiltration and functions causing limited success with systemic therapies like dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy. In this study, we investigated the potential benefits of irreversible electroporation (IRE) ablation therapy in combination with DC vaccine therapy against PDAC. Methods We performed a literature search to identify studies focused on DC vaccine therapy and IRE ablation to boost therapeutic response against PDAC indexed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus until February 20th, 2023. Key Content and Findings IRE ablation destructs tumor structure while preserving extracellular matrix and blood vessels facilitating local inflammation. The studies demonstrated IRE ablation reduces tumor fibrosis and promotes CTL tumor infiltration to PDAC tumors in addition to boosting immune response in rodent models. The administration of the DC vaccine following IRE ablation synergistically enhances therapeutic response and extends OS rates compared to the use of DC vaccination or IRE alone. Moreover, the implementation of data-driven approaches further allows dynamic and longitudinal monitoring of therapeutic response and OS following IRE plus DC vaccine immunoablation. Conclusions The combination of IRE ablation and DC vaccine immunotherapy is a potent strategy to enhance the therapeutic outcomes in patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigeng Zhang
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Guangbo Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Aydin Eresen
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Zhilin Chen
- Department of Human Biology and Business Administration, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zeyang Yu
- Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vahid Yaghmai
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Zhuoli Zhang
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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3
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Campbell WA, Makary MS. Advances in Image-Guided Ablation Therapies for Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2560. [PMID: 39061199 PMCID: PMC11274819 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16142560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Image-guided solid tumor ablation methods have significantly advanced in their capability to target primary and metastatic tumors. These techniques involve noninvasive or percutaneous insertion of applicators to induce thermal, electrochemical, or mechanical stress on malignant tissue to cause tissue destruction and apoptosis of the tumor margins. Ablation offers substantially lower risks compared to traditional methods. Benefits include shorter recovery periods, reduced bleeding, and greater preservation of organ parenchyma compared to surgical intervention. Due to the reduced morbidity and mortality, image-guided tumor ablation offers new opportunities for treatment in cancer patients who are not candidates for resection. Currently, image-guided ablation techniques are utilized for treating primary and metastatic tumors in various organs with both curative and palliative intent, including the liver, pancreas, kidneys, thyroid, parathyroid, prostate, lung, breast, bone, and soft tissue. The invention of new equipment and techniques is expanding the criteria of eligible patients for therapy, as now larger and more high-risk tumors near critical structures can be ablated. This article provides an overview of the different imaging modalities, noninvasive, and percutaneous ablation techniques available and discusses their applications and associated complications across various organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren A. Campbell
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Mina S. Makary
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Huang T, Wen X, Liang Y, Liu X, Zhao J, Long X. Irreversible Electroporation-Induced Inflammation Facilitates Neutrophil-Mediated Drug Delivery to Enhance Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1998-2011. [PMID: 38412284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a deadly disease with a five-year overall survival rate of around 11%. Chemotherapy is a cornerstone in the treatment of this malignancy, but the intratumoral delivery of chemotherapy drugs is impaired by the highly fibrotic tumor-associated stroma. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is an ablative technique for treating locally advanced pancreatic cancer. During a typical IRE procedure, high-intensity electric pulses are released to kill tumor cells through the irreversible disruption of the cytoplasm membranes. IRE also induces rapid tumor infiltration by neutrophils and offers an opportunity for neutrophil-mediated drug delivery. We herein showed that the IRE-induced neutrophil trafficking was facilitated by the upregulation of neutrophil chemotaxis and migration as well as the release of several chemoattractants. Doxorubicin-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles were prepared and loaded into neutrophils at a ratio of 9.9 ± 1.2 to 11.7 ± 2.0 pg of doxorubicin per cell. The resultant formulation (NP@NEs) efficiently accumulated in the IRE-treated KPC-A377 murine pancreatic tumors with an uptake value of 10.7 ± 1.5 (percent of injected dose per gram of tissue, abbreviated as %ID/g) at 48 h after intravenous injection. In both Panc02 and KPC-A377 murine pancreatic tumor models, the combination of IRE + NP@NEs inhibited tumor growth more effectively than either monotherapy. The tumors treated with the combination also exhibited the lowest frequency of Ki67+ proliferating cells and the highest abundance of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling+ (TUNEL+) apoptotic cells among the experiment groups. Minimal treatment-associated toxicity was observed. Our findings suggest that neutrophil-mediated delivery of chemotherapy drugs is a useful tool to enhance the response of pancreatic cancer to IRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Huang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiaofei Wen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 36100, China
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
- Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Yuxuan Liang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xin Long
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
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Jeon HJ, Chun HJ, Choi HS, Keum B, Kim HB, Kim JH. Biphasic Regulation of Apoptosis Following Gastric Irreversible Electroporation Using Tissue Immunohistochemistry of Activated Caspase-3 with TUNEL Method. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1389. [PMID: 38611067 PMCID: PMC11010973 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The regulation of apoptosis is the primary goal of ablation therapy. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a promising non-thermal tissue ablation-based therapy that induces apoptosis by manipulating electrical conditions. This study aimed to investigate IRE-induced gastric tissue apoptosis in response to changes in the electric field intensity, followed by the repair process. Among the 52 rats used in this study, 24 were used to explore apoptosis, and 28 were used to study regeneration. The apoptosis-to-necrosis ratio of the electrical field strength was evaluated using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling and caspase-3 immunohistochemistry. The size of IRE-induced ulcers in the gastric tissue continuously increased with increasing electrical intensity (r2 = 0.830, p < 0.001). The level of apoptosis gradually decreased after peaking at 200 V (1000 V/cm). The size of the 400 V-ablated ulcers continued to decrease, and they were not visible by day 14. The proliferation and migration of epithelial cells with fibroblasts were observed on day 3 and augmented on day 7 post-ablation. This investigation demonstrated the biphasic activation of apoptosis with respect to the electrical field strength. Visually and histologically, IRE-induced gastric ulcers demonstrated complete tissue regeneration after two weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jo Jeon
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (H.J.J.); (H.S.C.); (B.K.)
| | - Hoon Jai Chun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (H.J.J.); (H.S.C.); (B.K.)
| | - Hyuk Soon Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (H.J.J.); (H.S.C.); (B.K.)
| | - Bora Keum
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (H.J.J.); (H.S.C.); (B.K.)
| | - Hong Bae Kim
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jong Hyuk Kim
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA;
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Ma F, Lin Y, Ni Z, Wang S, Zhang M, Wang X, Zhang Z, Luo X, Miao X. Microwave ablation enhances the systemic immune response in patients with lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:106. [PMID: 38298427 PMCID: PMC10829076 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Microwave ablation (MWA) is a key alternative therapy to conventional surgery for the treatment of lung cancer. In addition to eliminating local tumors, MWA may promote antitumor immunological responses, such as abscopal effects in distant lesions. However, the intensity of MWA is limited and the underlying mechanisms are not well-defined. The present study assessed the impact of MWA on immune cell subsets and cytokines in patients with lung cancer. A total of 45 patients with lung cancer who underwent percutaneous lung tumor MWA were enrolled. Peripheral blood samples were collected before and 24 h after MWA and changes in immune cell subsets [lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells and natural killer (NK) cells] and serum cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A and F, IL-22, TNF-α, TNF-β and IFN-γ) were assessed by flow cytometry and ELISA. The number of total lymphocytes, CD4+ T and NK cells in the peripheral blood significantly decreased 24 h after MWA, while number of CD8+ T cells remained stable, leading to a higher proportion of CD8+ T cells. In addition, the serum levels of IL-2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-22, TNF-α and IFN-γ were significantly increased 24 h after MWA, indicating a T helper 1 type immune response. The immune response in patients with advanced stage disease was comparable with patients in the early stage group; however, the number of total lymphocytes and CD3+ T cells significantly decreased and the ratio of CD4/CD8 and IL-2 levels significantly increased. The early immune response after MWA may contribute to systemic antitumor immunity in patients with both early and advanced disease. Thus, MWA may exhibit potential as a local therapy and trigger abscopal effects in distant lesions in patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqi Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Yuhua Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Ni
- Central Lab, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Shiqiang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoe Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Zhuhua Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Xuming Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Xiayi Miao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
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Jacobs Iv EJ, Campelo SN, Charlton A, Altreuter S, Davalos RV. Characterizing reversible, irreversible, and calcium electroporation to generate a burst-dependent dynamic conductivity curve. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 155:108580. [PMID: 37788520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The relationships between burst number, reversible, irreversible, and calcium electroporation have not been comprehensively evaluated in tumor tissue-mimics. Our findings indicate that electroporation effects saturate with a rate constant (τ) of 20 bursts for both conventional and high frequency waveforms (R2 > 0.88), with the separation between reversible and irreversible electroporation thresholds converging at 50 bursts. We find the lethal thresholds for calcium electroporation are statistically similar to reversible electroporation (R2 > 0.99). We then develop a burst-dependent dynamic conductivity curve that now incorporates electroporation effects due to both the electric field magnitude and burst number. Simulated ablation and thermal damage volumes vary significantly between finite element models using either the conventional or new burst-dependent dynamic conductivity curve (p < 0.05). Lastly, for clinically relevant protocols, thermal damage is indicated to not begin until 50 bursts, with maximum nonthermal ablation volumes at 100 bursts (1.5-13% thermal damage by volume). We find that >100 bursts generated negligible increases in ablation volumes with 40-70% thermal damage by volume at 300 bursts. Our results illustrate the need for considering burst number in minimizing thermal damage, choosing adjuvant therapies, and in modeling electroporation effects at low burst numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Jacobs Iv
- Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Virginia Tech - Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech - Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sabrina N Campelo
- Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Virginia Tech - Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Alyssa Charlton
- Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Virginia Tech - Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Sara Altreuter
- Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Virginia Tech - Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Rafael V Davalos
- Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Virginia Tech - Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech - Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Fesmire CC, Peal B, Ruff J, Moyer E, McParland TJ, Derks K, O’Neil E, Emke C, Johnson B, Ghosh S, Petrella RA, DeWitt MR, Prange T, Fogle C, Sano MB. Investigation of integrated time nanosecond pulse irreversible electroporation against spontaneous equine melanoma. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1232650. [PMID: 38352036 PMCID: PMC10861690 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1232650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Integrated time nanosecond pulse irreversible electroporation (INSPIRE) is a novel tumor ablation modality that employs high voltage, alternating polarity waveforms to induce cell death in a well-defined volume while sparing the underlying tissue. This study aimed to demonstrate the in vivo efficacy of INSPIRE against spontaneous melanoma in standing, awake horses. Methods A custom applicator and a pulse generation system were utilized in a pilot study to treat horses presenting with spontaneous melanoma. INSPIRE treatments were administered to 32 tumors across 6 horses and an additional 13 tumors were followed to act as untreated controls. Tumors were tracked over a 43-85 day period following a single INSPIRE treatment. Pulse widths of 500ns and 2000ns with voltages between 1000 V and 2000 V were investigated to determine the effect of these variables on treatment outcomes. Results Treatments administered at the lowest voltage (1000 V) reduced tumor volumes by 11 to 15%. Higher voltage (2000 V) treatments reduced tumor volumes by 84 to 88% and eliminated 33% and 80% of tumors when 500 ns and 2000 ns pulses were administered, respectively. Discussion Promising results were achieved without the use of chemotherapeutics, the use of general anesthesia, or the need for surgical resection in regions which are challenging to keep sterile. This novel therapeutic approach has the potential to expand the role of pulsed electric fields in veterinary patients, especially when general anesthesia is contraindicated, and warrants future studies to demonstrate the efficacy of INSPIRE as a solid tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris C. Fesmire
- Bioelectricity Lab, UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Bridgette Peal
- Department of Clinical Sciences, NC State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jennifer Ruff
- Department of Clinical Sciences, NC State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Elizabeth Moyer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, NC State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Thomas J. McParland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, NC State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Kobi Derks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, NC State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Erin O’Neil
- Department of Clinical Sciences, NC State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Carrie Emke
- Clinical Studies Core, NC State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Brianna Johnson
- Clinical Studies Core, NC State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Shatorupa Ghosh
- Bioelectricity Lab, UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Ross A. Petrella
- Bioelectricity Lab, UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Matthew R. DeWitt
- Bioelectricity Lab, UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Timo Prange
- Department of Clinical Sciences, NC State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Callie Fogle
- Department of Clinical Sciences, NC State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Michael B. Sano
- Bioelectricity Lab, UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, NC State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, United States
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Erdem S, Narayanan JS, Worni M, Bolli M, White RR. Local ablative therapies and the effect on antitumor immune responses in pancreatic cancer - A review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23551. [PMID: 38187292 PMCID: PMC10767140 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease, projected to rank as the second most prevalent cause of cancer-related mortality by 2030. Despite significant progress in advances in surgical techniques and chemotherapy protocols, the overall survival (OS) remains to be less than 10 % for all stages combined. In recent years, local ablative techniques have been introduced and utilized as additional therapeutic approaches for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC), with promising results with respect to local tumor control and OS. In addition to successful cytoreduction, there is emerging evidence that local ablation induces antitumor immune activity that could prevent or even treat distant metastatic tumors. The enhancement of antitumor immune responses could potentially make ablative therapy a therapeutic option for the treatment of metastatic PDAC. In this review, we summarize current ablative techniques used in the management of LAPC and their impact on systemic immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suna Erdem
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
- Clarunis, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Mathias Worni
- Department of Surgery, Hirslanden Clinic Beau Site, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Switzerland
- Clarunis, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Stiftung Lindenhof, Campus SLB, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Bolli
- Clarunis, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rebekah R. White
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
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10
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Lou W, Xie L, Xu L, Xu M, Xu F, Zhao Q, Jiang T. Present and future of metal nanoparticles in tumor ablation therapy. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17698-17726. [PMID: 37917010 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04362b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is an important factor affecting the quality of human life as well as causing death. Tumor ablation therapy is a minimally invasive local treatment modality with unique advantages in treating tumors that are difficult to remove surgically. However, due to its physical and chemical characteristics and the limitation of equipment technology, ablation therapy cannot completely kill all tumor tissues and cells at one time; moreover, it inevitably damages some normal tissues in the surrounding area during the ablation process. Therefore, this technology cannot be the first-line treatment for tumors at present. Metal nanoparticles themselves have good thermal and electrical conductivity and unique optical and magnetic properties. The combination of metal nanoparticles with tumor ablation technology, on the one hand, can enhance the killing and inhibiting effect of ablation technology on tumors by expanding the ablation range; on the other hand, the ablation technology changes the physicochemical microenvironment such as temperature, electric field, optics, oxygen content and pH in tumor tissues. It helps to stimulate the degree of local drug release of nanoparticles and increase the local content of anti-tumor drugs, thus forming a synergistic therapeutic effect with tumor ablation. Recent studies have found that some specific ablation methods will stimulate the body's immune response while physically killing tumor tissues, generating a large number of immune cells to cause secondary killing of tumor tissues and cells, and with the assistance of metal nanoparticles loaded with immune drugs, the effect of this anti-tumor immunotherapy can be further enhanced. Therefore, the combination of metal nanoparticles and ablative therapy has broad research potential. This review covers common metallic nanoparticles used for ablative therapy and discusses in detail their characteristics, mechanisms of action, potential challenges, and prospects in the field of ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Lou
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 31000, P. R. China.
| | - Liting Xie
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 31000, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321000, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 31000, P. R. China.
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 31000, P. R. China.
| | - Qiyu Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 31000, P. R. China.
| | - Tianan Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 31000, P. R. China.
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Ma Y, Xing Y, Li H, Yuan T, Liang B, Li R, Li J, Li Z, Li S, Niu L. Irreversible electroporation combined with chemotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade enhanced antitumor immunity for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1193040. [PMID: 37691923 PMCID: PMC10485610 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1193040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a novel local tumor ablation approach with the potential to stimulate an antitumor immune response. However, it is not effective in preventing distant metastasis in isolation. This study aimed to compare the potential of augmenting the antitumor immune response in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) who underwent IRE combined with chemotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade with those who underwent IRE combined with chemotherapy. Methods A retrospective review was conducted on LAPC patients treated either with IRE in combination with chemotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade (group A) or with IRE with chemotherapy alone (group B) from July 2015 to June 2021. The primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), with immune responses and adverse events serving as secondary endpoints. Risk factors for OS and PFS were identified using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results A total of 103 patients were included in the final analysis, comprising 25 in group A and 78 in group B. The median duration of follow-up was 18.2 months (3.0-38.6 months). Group A patients demonstrated improved survival compared to group B (median OS: 23.6 vs. 19.4 months, p = 0.001; median PFS: 18.2 vs. 14.7 months, p = 0.022). The data suggest a robust immune response in group A, while adverse events related to the treatment were similar in both groups. The multivariate analysis identified the combination of IRE, chemotherapy, and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade as an independent prognostic factor for OS and PFS. Conclusion The addition of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade to the regimen of IRE combined with chemotherapy enhanced antitumor immunity and extended survival in LAPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Ma
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Xing
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesia, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesia, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuying Li
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesia, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizhi Niu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Li H, Zhou Y, Guo X, Zhang Q, Ding X. The effects of irreversible electroporation triggering anti-tumor immunity and the value of its combination with immunotherapy. J Interv Med 2023; 6:107-110. [PMID: 37846332 PMCID: PMC10577062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jimed.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, interventional ablation techniques have gained prominence in tumor treatment guidelines and complement traditional approaches, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Conventional ablation techniques, such as microwave, radiofrequency, and cryoablation, have been used; however, they have certain limitations, including the risk of damaging surrounding normal tissues and the heat sink effect caused by tumor blood flow.1 Irreversible electroporation (IRE), an ablation technology independent of thermal energy, is a promising alternative.2 Clinical studies have demonstrated IRE's efficacy in treating tumors, such as pancreatic and liver tumors.3 Recent research has shown that IRE can elicit specific anti-tumor immune responses in the body.5 IRE also plays a crucial role in eliminating residual tumor cells postoperatively and preventing tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyu Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaoxia Guo
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaoyi Ding
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
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13
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Byun J, Wu Y, Lee J, Kim JS, Shim G, Oh YK. External cold atmospheric plasma-responsive on-site hydrogel for remodeling tumor immune microenvironment. Biomaterials 2023; 299:122162. [PMID: 37257401 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Although immunotherapy has recently emerged as a promising anti-tumor approach, it remains limited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Cold atmospheric plasma irradiation can generate reactive oxygen species and trigger the presentation of tumor-associated antigens. Here, we exploited cold atmospheric plasma for on-site hydrogel application in the tumor environment, aiming to facilitate the sustainable uptake of tumor-associated antigens and nanoadjuvants by dendritic cells. Hyaluronic acid-tyramine conjugate was intratumorally injected as a liquid and formed an on-site hydrogel under irradiation with cold atmospheric plasma. Intratumoral delivery of hyaluronic acid-tyramine conjugate with transforming growth factor β-blocking nanoadjuvant (TLN) followed by cold atmospheric plasma irradiation yielded a micro-network of TLN-loaded hydrogel (TLN@CHG). In vivo intratumoral injection of TLN@CHG promoted the activation of dendritic cells and more effectively increased the proportion of CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells in the tumor microenvironment, compared to the groups receiving TLN or hydrogel alone. Moreover, in CT26 tumor model mice, cold atmospheric plasma-induced TLN@CHG therapy ablated the primary tumor and provided 100% survival among mice rechallenged with CT26 cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that an on-site hydrogel-based micro-network of TLN has the potential to remodel the tumor immune microenvironment. Although we used TLN in this study, the concept could be extended to support the sustained action of other nanoadjuvants in a hydrogel micro-network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Byun
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yina Wu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaiwoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Suk Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayong Shim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science and Integrative Institute of Basic Sciences, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yu-Kyoung Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Radzevičiūtė-Valčiukė E, Želvys A, Mickevičiūtė E, Gečaitė J, Zinkevičienė A, Malyško-Ptašinskė V, Kašėta V, Novickij J, Ivaškienė T, Novickij V. Calcium Electrochemotherapy for Tumor Eradication and the Potential of High-Frequency Nanosecond Protocols. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1083. [PMID: 37630998 PMCID: PMC10460074 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium electroporation (CaEP) is an innovative approach to treating cancer, involving the internalization of supraphysiological amounts of calcium through electroporation, which leads to cell death. CaEP enables the replacement of chemotherapeutics (e.g., bleomycin). Here, we present a standard microsecond (μsCaEP) and novel high-frequency nanosecond protocols for calcium electroporation (nsCaEP) for the elimination of carcinoma tumors in C57BL/6J mice. We show the efficacy of CaEP in eliminating tumors and increasing their survival rates in vivo. The antitumor immune response after the treatment was observed by investigating immune cell populations in tumors, spleens, lymph nodes, and blood, as well as assessing antitumor antibodies. CaEP treatment resulted in an increased percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ central memory T cells and decreased splenic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). Moreover, increased levels of antitumor IgG antibodies after CaEP treatment were detected. The experimental results demonstrated that the administration of CaEP led to tumor growth delay, increased survival rates, and stimulated immune response, indicating a potential synergistic relationship between CaEP and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivina Radzevičiūtė-Valčiukė
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Ž.); (J.G.); (A.Z.); (T.I.)
- Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.M.-P.); (J.N.)
| | - Augustinas Želvys
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Ž.); (J.G.); (A.Z.); (T.I.)
| | - Eglė Mickevičiūtė
- Department of Biomodels, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 11342 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.M.); (V.K.)
| | - Jovita Gečaitė
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Ž.); (J.G.); (A.Z.); (T.I.)
| | - Auksė Zinkevičienė
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Ž.); (J.G.); (A.Z.); (T.I.)
| | - Veronika Malyško-Ptašinskė
- Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.M.-P.); (J.N.)
| | - Vytautas Kašėta
- Department of Biomodels, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 11342 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.M.); (V.K.)
| | - Jurij Novickij
- Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.M.-P.); (J.N.)
| | - Tatjana Ivaškienė
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Ž.); (J.G.); (A.Z.); (T.I.)
| | - Vitalij Novickij
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Ž.); (J.G.); (A.Z.); (T.I.)
- Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.M.-P.); (J.N.)
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15
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Salazar A, Chavarria V, Flores I, Ruiz S, Pérez de la Cruz V, Sánchez-García FJ, Pineda B. Abscopal Effect, Extracellular Vesicles and Their Immunotherapeutic Potential in Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093816. [PMID: 37175226 PMCID: PMC10180522 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The communication between tumor cells and the microenvironment plays a fundamental role in the development, growth and further immune escape of the tumor. This communication is partially regulated by extracellular vesicles which can direct the behavior of surrounding cells. In recent years, it has been proposed that this feature could be applied as a potential treatment against cancer, since several studies have shown that tumors treated with radiotherapy can elicit a strong enough immune response to eliminate distant metastasis; this phenomenon is called the abscopal effect. The mechanism behind this effect may include the release of extracellular vesicles loaded with damage-associated molecular patterns and tumor-derived antigens which activates an antigen-specific immune response. This review will focus on the recent discoveries in cancer cell communications via extracellular vesicles and their implication in tumor development, as well as their potential use as an immunotherapeutic treatment against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleli Salazar
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Oncology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Víctor Chavarria
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Oncology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Mexico City 14269, Mexico
- Immunoregulation Lab, Department of Immunology, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Itamar Flores
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Oncology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Samanta Ruiz
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Oncology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Neurobiochemistry and Behavior Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | | | - Benjamin Pineda
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Oncology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Mexico City 14269, Mexico
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16
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Woeste MR, Shrestha R, Geller AE, Li S, Montoya-Durango D, Ding C, Hu X, Li H, Puckett A, Mitchell RA, Hayat T, Tan M, Li Y, McMasters KM, Martin RCG, Yan J. Irreversible electroporation augments β-glucan induced trained innate immunity for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006221. [PMID: 37072351 PMCID: PMC10124260 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a challenging diagnosis that is yet to benefit from the advancements in immuno-oncologic treatments. Irreversible electroporation (IRE), a non-thermal method of tumor ablation, is used in treatment of select patients with locally-advanced unresectable PC and has potentiated the effect of certain immunotherapies. Yeast-derived particulate β-glucan induces trained innate immunity and successfully reduces murine PC tumor burden. This study tests the hypothesis that IRE may augment β-glucan induced trained immunity in the treatment of PC. METHODS β-Glucan-trained pancreatic myeloid cells were evaluated ex vivo for trained responses and antitumor function after exposure to ablated and unablated tumor-conditioned media. β-Glucan and IRE combination therapy was tested in an orthotopic murine PC model in wild-type and Rag-/- mice. Tumor immune phenotypes were assessed by flow cytometry. Effect of oral β-glucan in the murine pancreas was evaluated and used in combination with IRE to treat PC. The peripheral blood of patients with PC taking oral β-glucan after IRE was evaluated by mass cytometry. RESULTS IRE-ablated tumor cells elicited a potent trained response ex vivo and augmented antitumor functionality. In vivo, β-glucan in combination with IRE reduced local and distant tumor burden prolonging survival in a murine orthotopic PC model. This combination augmented immune cell infiltration to the PC tumor microenvironment and potentiated the trained response from tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells. The antitumor effect of this dual therapy occurred independent of the adaptive immune response. Further, orally administered β-glucan was identified as an alternative route to induce trained immunity in the murine pancreas and prolonged PC survival in combination with IRE. β-Glucan in vitro treatment also induced trained immunity in peripheral blood monocytes obtained from patients with treatment-naïve PC. Finally, orally administered β-glucan was found to significantly alter the innate cell landscape within the peripheral blood of five patients with stage III locally-advanced PC who had undergone IRE. CONCLUSIONS These data highlight a relevant and novel application of trained immunity within the setting of surgical ablation that may stand to benefit patients with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Woeste
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Rejeena Shrestha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Anne E Geller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shu Li
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Diego Montoya-Durango
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Chuanlin Ding
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Functional Immunomics Core, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Aaron Puckett
- Functional Immunomics Core, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Robert A Mitchell
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Traci Hayat
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Min Tan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kelly M McMasters
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Robert C G Martin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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17
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Zou YW, Ren ZG, Sun Y, Liu ZG, Hu XB, Wang HY, Yu ZJ. The latest research progress on minimally invasive treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2023; 22:54-63. [PMID: 36041973 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Due to the high prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in China, the incidence of HCC in China is high, and liver cirrhosis caused by chronic hepatitis also brings great challenges to treatment. This paper reviewed the latest research progress on minimally invasive treatments for HCC, including percutaneous thermal ablation and new nonthermal ablation techniques, and introduced the principles, advantages, and clinical applications of various therapeutic methods in detail. DATA SOURCES The data of treatments for HCC were systematically collected from the PubMed, ScienceDirect, American Chemical Society and Web of Science databases published in English, using "minimally invasive" and "hepatocellular carcinoma" or "liver cancer" as the keywords. RESULTS Percutaneous thermal ablation is still a first-line strategy for the minimally invasive treatment of HCC. The effect of microwave ablation (MWA) on downgrading treatment before liver transplantation is better than that of radiofrequency ablation (RFA), while RFA is more widely used in the clinical practice. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is mainly used for the palliative treatment of advanced liver cancer. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) delivers chemotherapeutic drugs to the target cells while reducing the blood supply around HCC. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) uses a microsecond-pulsed electric field that induces apoptosis and necrosis and triggers a systemic immune response. The nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) has achieved a good response in the ablation of mice with HCC, but it has not been reported in China for the treatment of human HCC. CONCLUSIONS A variety of minimally invasive treatments provide a sufficient survival advantage for HCC patients. Nonthermal ablation will lead to a new wave with its unique advantage of antitumor recurrence and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, 2959 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310000, China; Gene Hospital of Henan Province; Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, 2959 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310000, China; Gene Hospital of Henan Province; Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, 2959 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310000, China; Gene Hospital of Henan Province; Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhen-Guo Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, 2959 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310000, China; Gene Hospital of Henan Province; Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Gene Hospital of Henan Province; Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Hai-Yu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Gene Hospital of Henan Province; Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zu-Jiang Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Gene Hospital of Henan Province; Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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18
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High-Frequency Nanosecond Bleomycin Electrochemotherapy and its Effects on Changes in the Immune System and Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246254. [PMID: 36551739 PMCID: PMC9776811 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a time-dependent and time-independent study on bleomycin-based high-frequency nsECT (3.5 kV/cm × 200 pulses) for the elimination of LLC1 tumours in C57BL/6J mice is performed. We show the efficiency of nsECT (200 ns and 700 ns delivered at 1 kHz and 1 MHz) for the elimination of tumours in mice and increase of their survival. The dynamics of the immunomodulatory effects were observed after electrochemotherapy by investigating immune cell populations and antitumour antibodies at different timepoints after the treatment. ECT treatment resulted in an increased percentage of CD4+ T, splenic memory B and tumour-associated dendritic cell subsets. Moreover, increased levels of antitumour IgG antibodies after ECT treatment were detected. Based on the time-dependent study results, nsECT treatment upregulated PD 1 expression on splenic CD4+ Tr1 cells, increased the expansion of splenic CD8+ T, CD4+CD8+ T, plasma cells and the proportion of tumour-associated pro inflammatory macrophages. The Lin- population of immune cells that was increased in the spleens and tumour after nsECT was identified. It was shown that nsECT prolonged survival of the treated mice and induced significant changes in the immune system, which shows a promising alliance of nanosecond electrochemotherapy and immunotherapy.
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Zhou Q, Chen D, Zhang J, Xiang J, Zhang T, Wang H, Zhang Y. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma holds unique features to form an immunosuppressive microenvironment: a narrative review. JOURNAL OF PANCREATOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/jp9.0000000000000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Shen J, Pan P, Hu X, Zhao J, Wu H. Safety and Efficacy of Irreversible Electroporation in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: An Evaluation from a Surgeon's Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225677. [PMID: 36428767 PMCID: PMC9688427 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) has emerged as a promising treatment for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). Therefore, in this study, we evaluate the safety and efficacy of IRE against LAPC, as well as exploring its impact on anti-tumor immunity. A retrospective analysis was conducted in consecutive patients at a single institution. Eligible patients were assigned to IRE, palliative surgery (PS), or vascular resection (VR) groups, according to their respective treatments. The IRE group consisted of LAPC patients. One-to-one propensity score matching was performed, in order to compare the incidence of complications and median overall survival (mOS). Serum and intratumoral cytokines, as well as intratumoral immune cells, were analyzed in order to identify changes in immunity after IRE. A total of 210 patients were included. After matching, the rate of major complications (Clavien−Dindo III−V), intra-abdominal hemorrhage, and re-intervention in the IRE group were similar to those in the VR group (p > 0.05). The mOS of the IRE group (13.0 months) was shorter than that of the VR group (15.0 months), but longer than that of the PS group (8.0 months) (p < 0.05). Patients in the IRE group had elevated serum levels of immunogenic cytokines, including IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α, which were related to anti-tumor immunity. The survival advantage in IRE-treated patients was attributed to tumor ablation and immune modulation effects. Overall, IRE can be considered a feasible treatment for patients with LAPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Penglin Pan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Department of Radiology, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (H.W.); Tel.: +86-027-8525-1631 (H.W.)
| | - Heshui Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (H.W.); Tel.: +86-027-8525-1631 (H.W.)
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21
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Image-guided in situ cancer vaccination with combination of multi-functional nano-adjuvant and an irreversible electroporation technique. Biomaterials 2022; 289:121762. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Bazeed AY, Day CM, Garg S. Pancreatic Cancer: Challenges and Opportunities in Locoregional Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174257. [PMID: 36077794 PMCID: PMC9454856 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is a serious ongoing global health burden, with an overall 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. One major hurdle in the treatment of this disease is the predominantly elderly patient population, leading to their ineligibility for curative surgery and a low rate of successful outcomes. Systemic administration introduces chemo-agents throughout the body via the blood, attacking not only tumours but also healthy organs. When localised interventions are employed, chemo-agents are retained specifically at tumour site, minimizing unwanted toxicity. As a result, there is a growing interest in finding novel localised interventions as alternatives to systemic therapy. Here, we present a detailed review of current locoregional therapies used in pancreatic cancer therapy. This work aims to present a thorough guide for researchers and clinicians intended to employ established and novel localised interventions in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, we present our insights and opinions on the potential ideals to improve these tools. Abstract Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and the third in the United States, making it one of the most lethal solid malignancies. Unfortunately, the symptoms of this disease are not very apparent despite an increasing incidence rate. Therefore, at the time of diagnosis, 45% of patients have already developed metastatic tumours. Due to the aggressive nature of the pancreatic tumours, local interventions are required in addition to first-line treatments. Locoregional interventions affect a specific area of the pancreas to minimize local tumour recurrence and reduce the side effects on surrounding healthy tissues. However, compared to the number of new studies on systemic therapy, very little research has been conducted on localised interventions for PC. To address this unbalanced focus and to shed light on the tremendous potentials of locoregional therapies, this work will provide a detailed discussion of various localised treatment strategies. Most importantly, to the best of our knowledge, the aspect of localised drug delivery systems used in PC was unprecedentedly discussed in this work. This review is meant for researchers and clinicians considering utilizing local therapy for the effective treatment of PC, providing a thorough guide on recent advancements in research and clinical trials toward locoregional interventions, together with the authors’ insight into their potential improvements.
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23
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Wang Y, Jiang T, Xie L, Wang H, Zhao J, Xu L, Fang C. Effect of pulsed field ablation on solid tumor cells and microenvironment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:899722. [PMID: 36081554 PMCID: PMC9447365 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.899722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed field ablation can increase membrane permeability and is an emerging non-thermal ablation. While ablating tumor tissues, electrical pulses not only act on the membrane structure of cells to cause irreversible electroporation, but also convert tumors into an immune active state, increase the permeability of microvessels, inhibit the proliferation of pathological blood vessels, and soften the extracellular matrix thereby inhibiting infiltrative tumor growth. Electrical pulses can alter the tumor microenvironment, making the inhibitory effect on the tumor not limited to short-term killing, but mobilizing the collective immune system to inhibit tumor growth and invasion together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujue Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian’an Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tian’an Jiang,
| | - Liting Xie
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiyang Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengyu Fang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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24
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Ruzgys P, Navickaitė D, Palepšienė R, Uždavinytė D, Barauskaitė N, Novickij V, Girkontaitė I, Šitkauskienė B, Šatkauskas S. Induction of Bystander and Abscopal Effects after Electroporation-Based Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3770. [PMID: 35954434 PMCID: PMC9367330 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroporation-based antitumor therapies, including bleomycin electrotransfer, calcium electroporation, and irreversible electroporation, are very effective on directly treated tumors, but have no or low effect on distal nodules. In this study, we aimed to investigate the abscopal effect following calcium electroporation and bleomycin electrotransfer and to find out the effect of the increase of IL-2 serum concentration by muscle transfection. The bystander effect was analyzed in in vitro studies on 4T1tumor cells, while abscopal effect was investigated in an in vivo setting using Balb/c mice bearing 4T1 tumors. ELISA was used to monitor IL-2 serum concentration. We showed that, similarly to cell treatment with bleomycin electrotransfer, the bystander effect occurs also following calcium electroporation and that these effects can be combined. Combination of these treatments also resulted in the enhancement of the abscopal effect in vivo. Since these treatments resulted in an increase of IL-2 serum concentration only in mice bearing one but not two tumors, we increased IL-2 serum concentration by muscle transfection. Although this did not enhance the abscopal effect of combined tumor treatment using calcium electroporation and bleomycin electrotransfer, boosting of IL-2 serum concentration had a significant inhibitory effect on directly treated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulius Ruzgys
- Biophysical Research Group, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos St. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania; (P.R.); (D.N.); (R.P.); (D.U.); (N.B.)
| | - Diana Navickaitė
- Biophysical Research Group, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos St. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania; (P.R.); (D.N.); (R.P.); (D.U.); (N.B.)
| | - Rūta Palepšienė
- Biophysical Research Group, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos St. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania; (P.R.); (D.N.); (R.P.); (D.U.); (N.B.)
| | - Dovilė Uždavinytė
- Biophysical Research Group, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos St. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania; (P.R.); (D.N.); (R.P.); (D.U.); (N.B.)
| | - Neringa Barauskaitė
- Biophysical Research Group, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos St. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania; (P.R.); (D.N.); (R.P.); (D.U.); (N.B.)
| | - Vitalij Novickij
- Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Saulėtekio al. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Irutė Girkontaitė
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Brigita Šitkauskienė
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Saulius Šatkauskas
- Biophysical Research Group, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos St. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania; (P.R.); (D.N.); (R.P.); (D.U.); (N.B.)
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25
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Gyftopoulos A, Ziogas IA, Barbas AS, Moris D. The Synergistic Role of Irreversible Electroporation and Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:843769. [PMID: 35692753 PMCID: PMC9174659 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.843769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a local ablative technique used in conjunction with chemotherapy to treat locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). The combination of IRE and chemotherapy has showed increased overall survival when compared to chemotherapy alone, pointing towards a possible facilitating effect of IRE on chemotherapeutic drug action and delivery. This review aims to present current chemotherapeutic regimens for LAPC and their co-implementation with IRE, with an emphasis on possible molecular augmentative mechanisms of drug delivery and action. Moreover, the potentiating mechanism of IRE on immunotherapy, M1 oncolytic virus and dendritic cell (DC)-based treatments is briefly explored. Investigating the synergistic effect of IRE on currently established treatment regimens as well as newer ones, may present exciting new possibilities for future studies seeking to improve current LAPC treatment algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioannis A Ziogas
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Andrew S Barbas
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Dimitrios Moris
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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26
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Justesen TF, Orhan A, Raskov H, Nolsoe C, Gögenur I. Electroporation and Immunotherapy-Unleashing the Abscopal Effect. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122876. [PMID: 35740542 PMCID: PMC9221311 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Electrochemotherapy and irreversible electroporation are primarily used for treating patients with cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors and pancreatic cancer, respectively. Increasing numbers of studies have shown that the treatments may elicit an immune response in addition to eliminating the tumor cells. The purpose of this review is to give an in-depth introduction to the electroporation-induced immune response and the local and peripheral immune systems, and to describe the various studies investigating the combination of electroporation and immunotherapy. The review may help guide and inspire the design of future clinical trials investigating the potential synergy of electroporation and immunotherapy in cancer treatment. Abstract The discovery of electroporation in 1968 has led to the development of electrochemotherapy (ECT) and irreversible electroporation (IRE). ECT and IRE have been established as treatments of cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors and locally advanced pancreatic cancer, respectively. Interestingly, the treatment modalities have been shown to elicit immunogenic cell death, which in turn can induce an immune response towards the tumor cells. With the dawn of the immunotherapy era, the potential of combining ECT and IRE with immunotherapy has led to the launch of numerous studies. Data from the first clinical trials are promising, and new combination regimes might change the way we treat tumors characterized by low immunogenicity and high levels of immunosuppression, such as melanoma and pancreatic cancer. In this review we will give an introduction to ECT and IRE and discuss the impact on the immune system. Additionally, we will present the results of clinical and preclinical trials, investigating the combination of electroporation modalities and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Freyberg Justesen
- Center for Surgical Science, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebækvej 1, 4600 Køge, Denmark; (A.O.); (H.R.); (I.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Adile Orhan
- Center for Surgical Science, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebækvej 1, 4600 Køge, Denmark; (A.O.); (H.R.); (I.G.)
| | - Hans Raskov
- Center for Surgical Science, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebækvej 1, 4600 Køge, Denmark; (A.O.); (H.R.); (I.G.)
| | - Christian Nolsoe
- Center for Surgical Ultrasound, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebækvej 1, 4600 Køge, Denmark;
- Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES), University of Copenhagen and the Capital Region of Denmark, Ryesgade 53B, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ismail Gögenur
- Center for Surgical Science, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebækvej 1, 4600 Køge, Denmark; (A.O.); (H.R.); (I.G.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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27
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Han JH, Shin HE, Lee J, Kang JM, Park JH, Park CG, Han DK, Kim IH, Park W. Combination of Metal-Phenolic Network-Based Immunoactive Nanoparticles and Bipolar Irreversible Electroporation for Effective Cancer Immunotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200316. [PMID: 35570584 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To circumvent the limitations of conventional cancer immunotherapy, it is critical to prime antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to initiate the cancer-immune cycle. Here, the authors develop a metal-phenolic network (MPN)-based immunoactive nanoparticle in combination with irreversible electroporation (IRE) for an effective cancer immunotherapy. The MPN nanoparticles are synthesized by coordinating tannic acid with manganese (Mn) ions, and subsequent coating with CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) via hydrogen bonding. The CpG-ODN-coated Mn-phenolic network (CMP) nanoparticles are effectively internalized into macrophages, a type of APCs, and successfully trigger M1 polarization to promote release of proinflammatory cytokines. Notably, the CMP nanoparticles demonstrate an extended retention time period than the free CpG-ODN in the tumor. The tumor microenvironment tailored bipolar IRE, enhances the therapeutic efficacy by significantly broadening the ablation zone, which further increases immunogenic cell death (ICD). Ultimately, the simultaneous CMP nanoparticles and IRE treatment successfully inhibit tumor growth and prolong survival in a mouse tumor model. Thus, CMP nanoparticles are empowered with Mn and CpG-ODN immunomodulators and the tumor microenvironment tailored bipolar IRE will be a new tool for effective cancer immunotherapy to treat intractable malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hyeok Han
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoburo 2066, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Eun Shin
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoburo 2066, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jeon Min Kang
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Park
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Gwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keun Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Sciences, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hwan Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Park
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoburo 2066, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
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28
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Peng H, Shen J, Long X, Zhou X, Zhang J, Xu X, Huang T, Xu H, Sun S, Li C, Lei P, Wu H, Zhao J. Local Release of TGF-β Inhibitor Modulates Tumor-Associated Neutrophils and Enhances Pancreatic Cancer Response to Combined Irreversible Electroporation and Immunotherapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105240. [PMID: 35128843 PMCID: PMC8981446 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a deadly disease with little response to standard therapies. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) has emerged as a novel ablative technique for the clinical treatment of pancreatic cancer. Combinations of IRE and immunotherapies, including anti-programmed death 1 (αPD1) immune checkpoint blockade, have shown promising efficacy in both preclinical and clinical studies. However, tumor recurrence remains an obstacle that needs to be overcome. It herein is shown that IRE induces a substantial infiltration of neutrophils into pancreatic tumors. These neutrophils are then polarized into a protumor phenotype by immunosuppressive cues, in particular transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Using glutathione-responsive degradable mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with SB525334, an inhibitor of TGF-β1 receptor, it is demonstrated that local inhibition of TGF-β within the tumor microenvironment promotes neutrophil polarization into an antitumor phenotype, enhances pancreatic cancer response to combined IRE and αPD1 therapy, and induces long-term antitumor memory. The therapeutic efficacy is also attributed to tumor infiltration by CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, depletion of regulatory T cells, and maturation of antigen-presenting dendritic cells. Thus, modulating neutrophil polarization with nanomedicine is a promising strategy for treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Peng
- Department of AnatomySchool of Basic MedicineHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei Province430030China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei Province430022China
| | - Xin Long
- Department of Histology and EmbryologySchool of Basic MedicineHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei Province430030China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhou
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic MedicineHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei Province430030China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of AnatomySchool of Basic MedicineHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei Province430030China
| | - Xina Xu
- Department of AnatomySchool of Basic MedicineHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei Province430030China
| | - Teng Huang
- Department of AnatomySchool of Basic MedicineHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei Province430030China
| | - Hui Xu
- Ultrastructural Pathology LaboratoryDepartment of PathologySchool of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei Province430030China
| | - Shuguo Sun
- Department of AnatomySchool of Basic MedicineHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei Province430030China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Cancer Systems ImagingUniversity of Texas MD Anderson CancerHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic MedicineHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei Province430030China
| | - Heshui Wu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei Province430022China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of AnatomySchool of Basic MedicineHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei Province430030China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PETTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei Province430030China
- Cell Architecture Research CenterHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei Province430030China
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29
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Murphy KR, Aycock KN, Hay AN, Rossmeisl JH, Davalos RV, Dervisis NG. High-frequency irreversible electroporation brain tumor ablation: exploring the dynamics of cell death and recovery. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 144:108001. [PMID: 34844040 PMCID: PMC8792323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.108001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Improved therapeutics for malignant brain tumors are urgently needed. High-frequency irreversible electroporation (H-FIRE) is a minimally invasive, nonthermal tissue ablation technique, which utilizes high-frequency, bipolar electric pulses to precisely kill tumor cells. The mechanisms of H-FIRE-induced tumor cell death and potential for cellular recovery are incompletely characterized. We hypothesized that tumor cells treated with specific H-FIRE electric field doses can survive and retain proliferative capacity. F98 glioma and LL/2 Lewis lung carcinoma cell suspensions were treated with H-FIRE to model primary and metastatic brain cancer, respectively. Cell membrane permeability, apoptosis, metabolic viability, and proliferative capacity were temporally measured using exclusion dyes, condensed chromatin staining, WST-8 fluorescence, and clonogenic assays, respectively. Both tumor cell lines exhibited dose-dependent permeabilization, with 1,500 V/cm permitting and 3,000 V/cm inhibiting membrane recovery 24 h post-treatment. Cells treated with 1,500 V/cm demonstrated significant and progressive recovery of apoptosis and metabolic activity, in contrast to cells treated with higher H-FIRE doses. Cancer cells treated with recovery-permitting doses of H-FIRE maintained while those treated with recovery-inhibiting doses lost proliferative capacity. Taken together, our data suggest that H-FIRE induces reversible and irreversible cellular damage in a dose-dependent manner, and the presence of dose-dependent recovery mechanisms permits tumor cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R Murphy
- Department of Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
| | - Kenneth N Aycock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
| | - Alayna N Hay
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
| | - John H Rossmeisl
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
| | - Rafael V Davalos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; ICTAS Center for Engineered Health, Virginia Tech, Kelly Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
| | - Nikolaos G Dervisis
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, United States.
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30
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Imran KM, Nagai-Singer MA, Brock RM, Alinezhadbalalami N, Davalos RV, Allen IC. Exploration of Novel Pathways Underlying Irreversible Electroporation Induced Anti-Tumor Immunity in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:853779. [PMID: 35372046 PMCID: PMC8972192 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.853779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancements in medical sciences and technologies have significantly improved the survival of many cancers; however, pancreatic cancer remains a deadly diagnosis. This malignancy is often diagnosed late in the disease when metastases have already occurred. Additionally, the location of the pancreas near vital organs limits surgical candidacy, the tumor's immunosuppressive environment limits immunotherapy success, and it is highly resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. Hence, clinicians and patients alike need a treatment paradigm that reduces primary tumor burden, activates systemic anti-tumor immunity, and reverses the local immunosuppressive microenvironment to eventually clear distant metastases. Irreversible electroporation (IRE), a novel non-thermal tumor ablation technique, applies high-voltage ultra-short pulses to permeabilize targeted cell membranes and induce cell death. Progression with IRE technology and an array of research studies have shown that beyond tumor debulking, IRE can induce anti-tumor immune responses possibly through tumor neo-antigen release. However, the success of IRE treatment (i.e. full ablation and tumor recurrence) is variable. We believe that IRE treatment induces IFNγ expression, which then modulates immune checkpoint molecules and thus leads to tumor recurrence. This indicates a co-therapeutic use of IRE and immune checkpoint inhibitors as a promising treatment for pancreatic cancer patients. Here, we review the well-defined and speculated pathways involved in the immunostimulatory effects of IRE treatment for pancreatic cancer, as well as the regulatory pathways that may negate these anti-tumor responses. By defining these underlying mechanisms, future studies may identify improvements to systemic immune system engagement following local tumor ablation with IRE and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan Mohammad Imran
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Margaret A. Nagai-Singer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Rebecca M. Brock
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Nastaran Alinezhadbalalami
- Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Rafael V. Davalos
- Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Irving Coy Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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31
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Zhang N, Li Z, Han X, Zhu Z, Li Z, Zhao Y, Liu Z, Lv Y. Irreversible Electroporation: An Emerging Immunomodulatory Therapy on Solid Tumors. Front Immunol 2022; 12:811726. [PMID: 35069599 PMCID: PMC8777104 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.811726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation (IRE), a novel non-thermal ablation technique, is utilized to ablate unresectable solid tumors and demonstrates favorable safety and efficacy in the clinic. IRE applies electric pulses to alter the cell transmembrane voltage and causes nanometer-sized membrane defects or pores in the cells, which leads to loss of cell homeostasis and ultimately results in cell death. The major drawbacks of IRE are incomplete ablation and susceptibility to recurrence, which limit its clinical application. Recent studies have shown that IRE promotes the massive release of intracellular concealed tumor antigens that become an “in-situ tumor vaccine,” inducing a potential antitumor immune response to kill residual tumor cells after ablation and inhibiting local recurrence and distant metastasis. Therefore, IRE can be regarded as a potential immunomodulatory therapy, and combined with immunotherapy, it can exhibit synergistic treatment effects on malignant tumors, which provides broad application prospects for tumor treatment. This work reviewed the current status of the clinical efficacy of IRE in tumor treatment, summarized the characteristics of local and systemic immune responses induced by IRE in tumor-bearing organisms, and analyzed the specific mechanisms of the IRE-induced immune response. Moreover, we reviewed the current research progress of IRE combined with immunotherapy in the treatment of solid tumors. Based on the findings, we present deficiencies of current preclinical studies of animal models and analyze possible reasons and solutions. We also propose possible demands for clinical research. This review aimed to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the combination of IRE with immunotherapy in the treatment of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Zhang
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuoqun Li
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuan Han
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ziyu Zhu
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhujun Li
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Lv
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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32
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Janopaul-Naylor JR, Shen Y, Qian DC, Buchwald ZS. The Abscopal Effect: A Review of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Advances. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11061. [PMID: 34681719 PMCID: PMC8537037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy has been used for more than a hundred years to cure or locally control tumors. Regression of tumors outside of the irradiated field was occasionally observed and is known as the abscopal effect. However, the occurrence of systemic anti-tumor effects was deemed too rare and unpredictable to be a therapeutic goal. Recent studies suggest that immunotherapy and radiation in combination may enhance the abscopal response. Increasing numbers of cases are being reported since the routine implementation of immune checkpoint inhibitors, showing that combined radiotherapy with immunotherapy has a synergistic effect on both local and distant (i.e., unirradiated) tumors. In this review, we summarize pre-clinical and clinical reports, with a specific focus on the mechanisms behind the immunostimulatory effects of radiation and how this is enhanced by immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Janopaul-Naylor
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (Y.S.); (D.C.Q.); (Z.S.B.)
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33
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Choi B, Kim DH. Multifunctional Nanocarriers-Mediated Synergistic Combination of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Cancer Immunotherapy and Interventional Oncology Therapy. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021; 1:2100010. [PMID: 35663354 PMCID: PMC9162439 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) cancer immunotherapies are becoming one of the standard therapies for cancer patients. However, ICI cancer immunotherapy's overall response rate is still moderate and even combinational ICI cancer immunotherapies are not showing significant improvement in therapeutic outcomes. Only a subset of patients responds to the therapy due to the resistance and ignorance to the ICI cancer immunotherapy. Following immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are also limiting the whole therapeutic regimens. New approaches that can increase the immunotherapeutic efficacy and reduce systemic irAEs are required. Recently, multifunctional nanocarriers, which can extend the half-life of ICIs and modulate tumor microenvironment (TME), have shown a substantial opportunity to enhance ICI cancer immunotherapies. Interventional oncology (IO) allowing simultaneous diagnosis, immunogenic loco-regional therapeutic delivery, and real-time monitoring of the treatment efficacy have advanced to demonstrate the effective conversion of TME. The use of multifunctional nanocarriers with the IO therapies amplify the image guidance capability and immunogenic therapeutic localization for the potential combinational ICI cancer immunotherapy. This article will discuss the emerging opportunity of multifunctional nanocarriers mediated synergistic combination of ICI cancer immunotherapy and IO local therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongseo Choi
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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34
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Tian G, Guan J, Chu Y, Zhao Q, Jiang T. Immunomodulatory Effect of Irreversible Electroporation Alone and Its Cooperating With Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:712042. [PMID: 34568040 PMCID: PMC8462269 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.712042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies have showed irreversible electroporation (IRE) focused on pancreatic cancer (PC). However, the effects of IRE treatment on the immune response of PC remain unknown. Moreover, there are few studies on the therapeutic effect of IRE combining with immunotherapy on PC. Thus, we review recent advances in our understanding of IRE alone and its working with immunotherapy towards the immune response of PC, discussing potential opportunities for exploring future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Tian
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Guan
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Chu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiyu Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian'an Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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35
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He C, Sun S, Zhang Y, Li S. Irreversible Electroporation Plus Anti-PD-1 Antibody versus Irreversible Electroporation Alone for Patients with Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:4795-4807. [PMID: 34584438 PMCID: PMC8464362 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s331023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is shown to not only improve the prognosis of patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) but also activate the immune system. Considering the immune-activating function of IRE, IRE may enhance the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of LAPC. We aimed to compare the effect and safety of IRE combined with toripalimab versus IRE alone for LAPC. METHODS We retrospectively collected data from LAPC patients treated with IRE plus toripalimab (240mg, 7 days after IRE) or IRE alone at Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer Center. Overall and progression-free survival and treatment-related adverse events were evaluated and compared. RESULTS From August 2015 to June 2020, a total of 85 patients were collected and analyzed in this study: 70 in the IRE group and 15 in the IRE plus toripalimab group. The IRE plus toripalimab group showed longer OS [44.33 months (95% CI 17.39-71.27) versus 23.37 months (95% CI 21.20-25.54), P=0.010] and PFS [27.5 months (95% CI not reached) versus 10.6 months (95% CI 7.79-13.42), P=0.036], compared with IRE group. There were no treatment-related deaths in all patients of this study. Although pancreatic fistula, biliary fistula, abscess, vomiting and gastroparesis were a little more common in IRE plus toripalimab group, no significant differences in the rates of all adverse events between these two groups were observed. CONCLUSION IRE plus toripalimab had acceptable toxic effects and might improve survival in LAPC compared with IRE alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobin He
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuxin Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengping Li
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People’s Republic of China
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36
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Fujimori M, Kimura Y, Ueshima E, Dupuy DE, Adusumilli PS, Solomon SB, Srimathveeravalli G. Lung Ablation with Irreversible Electroporation Promotes Immune Cell Infiltration by Sparing Extracellular Matrix Proteins and Vasculature: Implications for Immunotherapy. Bioelectricity 2021; 3:204-214. [PMID: 34734168 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2021.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study investigated the sparing of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and blood vessels at the site of lung irreversible electroporation (IRE), and its impact on postablation T cell and macrophage populations. Materials and Methods: Normal swine (n = 8) lung was treated with either IRE or microwave ablation (MWA), followed by sacrifice at 2 and 28 days (four animals/timepoint) after treatment. En bloc samples of ablated lung were stained for blood vessels (CD31), ECM proteins (Collagen, Heparan sulfate, and Decorin), T cells (CD3), and macrophages (Iba1). Stained slides were analyzed with an image processing software (ImageJ) to count the number of positive staining cells or the percentage area of tissue staining for ECM markers, and the statistical difference was evaluated with Student's t-test. Results: Approximately 50% of the blood vessels and collagen typically seen in healthy lung were evident in IRE treated samples at Day 2, with complete destruction within MWA treated lung. These levels increased threefold by Day 28, indicative of post-IRE tissue remodeling and regeneration. Decorin and Heparan sulfate levels were reduced, and it remained so through the duration of observation. Concurrently, numbers of CD3+ T cells and macrophages were not different from healthy lung at Day 2 after IRE, subsequently increasing by 2.5 and 1.5-fold by Day 28. Similar findings were restricted to the peripheral inflammatory rim of MWA samples, wherein the central necrotic regions remained acellular through Day 28. Conclusion: Acute preservation of blood vessels and major ECM components was observed in IRE treated lung at acute time points, and it was associated with the increased infiltration and presence of T cells and macrophages, features that were spatially restricted in MWA treated lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Fujimori
- Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Radiology, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kimura
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Damian E Dupuy
- Department of Radiology, Cape Cod Healthcare, Hyannis, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Prasad S Adusumilli
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stephen B Solomon
- Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Radiology, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Govindarajan Srimathveeravalli
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.,Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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37
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Hendricks-Wenger A, Sereno J, Gannon J, Zeher A, Brock RM, Beitel-White N, Simon A, Davalos RV, Coutermarsh-Ott S, Vlaisavljevich E, Allen IC. Histotripsy Ablation Alters the Tumor Microenvironment and Promotes Immune System Activation in a Subcutaneous Model of Pancreatic Cancer. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2021; 68:2987-3000. [PMID: 33956631 PMCID: PMC9295194 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2021.3078094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a significant cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States with an abysmal five-year overall survival rate that is under 9%. Reasons for this mortality include the lack of late-stage treatment options and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Histotripsy is an ultrasound-guided, noninvasive, nonthermal tumor ablation therapy that mechanically lyses targeted cells. To study the effects of histotripsy on pancreatic cancer, we utilized an in vitro model of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and compared the release of potential antigens following histotripsy treatment to other ablation modalities. Histotripsy was found to release immune-stimulating molecules at magnitudes similar to other nonthermal ablation modalities and superior to thermal ablation modalities, which corresponded to increased innate immune system activation in vivo. In subsequent in vivo studies, murine Pan02 tumors were grown in mice and treated with histotripsy. Flow cytometry and rtPCR were used to determine changes in the tumor microenvironment over time compared to untreated animals. In mice with pancreatic tumors, we observed significantly increased tumor-progression-free and general survival, with increased activation of the innate immune system 24 h posttreatment and decreased tumor-associated immune cell populations within 14 days of treatment. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using histotripsy for pancreatic cancer ablation and provides mechanistic insight into the initial innate immune system activation following treatment. Further work is needed to establish the mechanisms behind the immunomodulation of the tumor microenvironment and immune effects.
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38
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Batista Napotnik T, Polajžer T, Miklavčič D. Cell death due to electroporation - A review. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 141:107871. [PMID: 34147013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of cells to high voltage electric pulses increases transiently membrane permeability through membrane electroporation. Electroporation can be reversible and is used in gene transfer and enhanced drug delivery but can also lead to cell death. Electroporation resulting in cell death (termed as irreversible electroporation) has been successfully used as a new non-thermal ablation method of soft tissue such as tumours or arrhythmogenic heart tissue. Even though the mechanisms of cell death can influence the outcome of electroporation-based treatments due to use of different electric pulse parameters and conditions, these are not elucidated yet. We review the mechanisms of cell death after electroporation reported in literature, cell injuries that may lead to cell death after electroporation and membrane repair mechanisms involved. The knowledge of membrane repair and cell death mechanisms after cell exposure to electric pulses, targets of electric field in cells need to be identified to optimize existing and develop of new electroporation-based techniques used in medicine, biotechnology, and food technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Batista Napotnik
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tamara Polajžer
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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He C, Sun S, Zhang Y, Li S. Identification of Circulating Biomarkers and Construction of a Prognostic Signature for Survival Prediction in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer After Irreversible Electroporation. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:1689-1699. [PMID: 33953596 PMCID: PMC8091593 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s307884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a novel treatment for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC), but the predictive factors, based on cytokines and immunocytes of survival, are still lacking. This study aimed to establish a risk model based on cytokines and immunocytes for LAPC patients undergoing IRE treatment. Patients and Methods Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 31 LAPC patients and 8 healthy control subjects before IRE. The phenotypes of lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the cytokines were evaluated with Luminex microarray assay. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Cox regression were applied to assess the prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and a concordance index (C-index) were used to compare the abilities to predict survival rates. Results The relationship between multiple cytokines and clinical factors was evaluated and their prognostic value was compared. The five best predictors for OS and PFS, including CA19-9, CD3+CD4+ T cells, CD3+CD8+ T cells, IL-17A, and TNF-α were selected and incorporated into a new immune panel. A risk model based on this immune panel was established and exhibited significantly higher values of C-indexes and AUC for OS and PFS prediction as compared with tumor marker score and TNM stage system. Conclusion We presented a risk model based on a microarray assay of cytokines and lymphocytes for LAPC patients after receiving IRE treatment for the first time. The established risk model showed relatively good performance in survival prediction and was able to facilitate tailed patient management in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobin He
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxin Sun
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengping Li
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
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40
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Establishing an immunocompromised porcine model of human cancer for novel therapy development with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and irreversible electroporation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7584. [PMID: 33828203 PMCID: PMC8027815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
New therapies to treat pancreatic cancer are direly needed. However, efficacious interventions lack a strong preclinical model that can recapitulate patients’ anatomy and physiology. Likewise, the availability of human primary malignant tissue for ex vivo studies is limited. These are significant limitations in the biomedical device field. We have developed RAG2/IL2RG deficient pigs using CRISPR/Cas9 as a large animal model with the novel application of cancer xenograft studies of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In this proof-of-concept study, these pigs were successfully generated using on-demand genetic modifications in embryos, circumventing the need for breeding and husbandry. Human Panc01 cells injected subcutaneously into the ears of RAG2/IL2RG deficient pigs demonstrated 100% engraftment with growth rates similar to those typically observed in mouse models. Histopathology revealed no immune cell infiltration and tumor morphology was highly consistent with the mouse models. The electrical properties and response to irreversible electroporation of the tumor tissue were found to be similar to excised human pancreatic cancer tumors. The ample tumor tissue produced enabled improved accuracy and modeling of the electrical properties of tumor tissue. Together, this suggests that this model will be useful and capable of bridging the gap of translating therapies from the bench to clinical application.
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41
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He C, Sun S, Zhang Y, Xie F, Li S. The role of irreversible electroporation in promoting M1 macrophage polarization via regulating the HMGB1-RAGE-MAPK axis in pancreatic cancer. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1897295. [PMID: 33763295 PMCID: PMC7954423 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1897295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is an effective method for treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). It remains unclear whether IRE can induce a specific immune response by stimulating macrophages. Here, the associated markers of macrophages were analyzed after exposure to tumor culture supernatant (TSN) of tumor cells treated with electroporation. Subcutaneous and orthotopic PDAC models were also used to evaluate the effect of macrophage polarization induced by IRE. Aside from its direct killing effect, IRE could induce the immunogenic cell death of tumor cells by increasing the synthesis and secretion of damage associated molecular patterns. Moreover, IRE could increase the release of HMGB1, which activates the MAPK-p38 pathway and leads to the increased expression of M1 markers in macrophages, through binding to the receptor of the advanced glycation end-product (RAGE) receptor. M1 polarization was inhibited by the inhibitors of HMGB1 release, the RAGE receptor, and the MAPK-p38 signaling pathway, but it was activated by rHMGB1 or the stimulator of MAPK-p38. In addition, the promotion of M1 macrophage polarization was enhanced by the positive-feedback release or expression of HMGB1 and RAGE through the MAPK-ERK pathway in macrophages. The promotion of M1 macrophage polarization induced by IRE provided a specific rationale for the combination of IRE and immune therapy in treating PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobin He
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shuxin Sun
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Fengxiao Xie
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shengping Li
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Lucarini V, Melaiu O, Tempora P, D’Amico S, Locatelli F, Fruci D. Dendritic Cells: Behind the Scenes of T-Cell Infiltration into the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:433. [PMID: 33498755 PMCID: PMC7865357 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells have been shown to play a crucial role in controlling tumor progression. However, the recruitment and activation of these immune cells at the tumor site are strictly dependent on several factors, including the presence of dendritic cells (DCs), the main orchestrators of the antitumor immune responses. Among the various DC subsets, the role of cDC1s has been demonstrated in several preclinical experimental mouse models. In addition, the high density of tumor-infiltrating cDC1s has been associated with improved survival in many cancer patients. The ability of cDC1s to modulate antitumor activity depends on their interaction with other immune populations, such as NK cells. This evidence has led to the development of new strategies aimed at increasing the abundance and activity of cDC1s in tumors, thus providing attractive new avenues to enhance antitumor immunity for both established and novel anticancer immunotherapies. In this review, we provide an overview of the various subsets of DCs, focusing in particular on the role of cDC1s, their ability to interact with other intratumoral immune cells, and their prognostic significance on solid tumors. Finally, we outline key therapeutic strategies that promote the immunogenic functions of DCs in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lucarini
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (O.M.); (P.T.); (S.D.); (F.L.)
| | - Ombretta Melaiu
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (O.M.); (P.T.); (S.D.); (F.L.)
| | - Patrizia Tempora
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (O.M.); (P.T.); (S.D.); (F.L.)
| | - Silvia D’Amico
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (O.M.); (P.T.); (S.D.); (F.L.)
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (O.M.); (P.T.); (S.D.); (F.L.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Doriana Fruci
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (O.M.); (P.T.); (S.D.); (F.L.)
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Kiełbik A, Szlasa W, Saczko J, Kulbacka J. Electroporation-Based Treatments in Urology. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2208. [PMID: 32784598 PMCID: PMC7465806 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The observation that an application of a pulsed electric field (PEF) resulted in an increased permeability of the cell membrane has led to the discovery of the phenomenon called electroporation (EP). Depending on the parameters of the electric current and cell features, electroporation can be either reversible or irreversible. The irreversible electroporation (IRE) found its use in urology as a non-thermal ablative method of prostate and renal cancer. As its mechanism is based on the permeabilization of cell membrane phospholipids, IRE (as well as other treatments based on EP) provides selectivity sparing extracellular proteins and matrix. Reversible EP enables the transfer of genes, drugs, and small exogenous proteins. In clinical practice, reversible EP can locally increase the uptake of cytotoxic drugs such as cisplatin and bleomycin. This approach is known as electrochemotherapy (ECT). Few in vivo and in vitro trials of ECT have been performed on urological cancers. EP provides the possibility of transmission of genes across the cell membrane. As the protocols of gene electrotransfer (GET) over the last few years have improved, EP has become a well-known technique for non-viral cell transfection. GET involves DNA transfection directly to the cancer or the host skin and muscle tissue. Among urological cancers, the GET of several plasmids encoding prostate cancer antigens has been investigated in clinical trials. This review brings into discussion the underlying mechanism of EP and an overview of the latest progress and development perspectives of EP-based treatments in urology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Kiełbik
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.K.); (W.S.)
| | - Wojciech Szlasa
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.K.); (W.S.)
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
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He C, Huang X, Zhang Y, Lin X, Li S. T-cell activation and immune memory enhancement induced by irreversible electroporation in pancreatic cancer. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e39. [PMID: 32508058 PMCID: PMC7403705 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Irreversible electroporation is shown to induce immune changes in pancreatic cancer while the histology evidences are still lacking. The aim of this study is to show the immune changes in histology and explore whether irreversible electroporation (IRE) can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells and activate specific immune responses. Methods Subcutaneous and orthotopic pancreatic cancer models were established and used to evaluate the effect of immune modulation of IRE. The infiltration of T cells was assessed in several tissue samples before and after IRE. Abscopal effect was then assessed by comparing the tumor growth of subcutaneous tumors after in situ ablation with IRE or exposure to tumor culture supernatant (TSN) of IRE‐treated Pan02. The expression of damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) of tumor cells after IRE was detected in vitro. Results IRE could significantly suppress the tumor growth and increase the infiltration of CD8+ T cells. After ablation with IRE or stimulation with TSN of Pan02 treated by IRE, the growth of untreated tumor was suppressed and the effector CD8+ T cells and memory T cells increased significantly in mice. Additionally, the inhibition effect of tumor growth increased along with the increasing strength levels of electroporation. IRE induced ICD of tumor cells by increasing the synthesis and secretion of DAMPs. Conclusions IRE induced local immunomodulation by increasing specific T cells infiltration. Through enhancing specific immune memory, IRE not only led a complete tumor regression in suit, but also induced abscopal effect, suppressing the growth of the latent lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobin He
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Lin
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shengping Li
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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