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Palanki R, Riley JS, Bose SK, Luks V, Dave A, Kus N, White BM, Ricciardi AS, Swingle KL, Xue L, Sung D, Thatte AS, Safford HC, Chaluvadi VS, Carpenter M, Han EL, Maganti R, Hamilton AG, Mrksich K, Billingsley MB, Zoltick PW, Alameh MG, Weissman D, Mitchell MJ, Peranteau WH. In utero delivery of targeted ionizable lipid nanoparticles facilitates in vivo gene editing of hematopoietic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400783121. [PMID: 39078677 PMCID: PMC11317576 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400783121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Monogenic blood diseases are among the most common genetic disorders worldwide. These diseases result in significant pediatric and adult morbidity, and some can result in death prior to birth. Novel ex vivo hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene editing therapies hold tremendous promise to alter the therapeutic landscape but are not without potential limitations. In vivo gene editing therapies offer a potentially safer and more accessible treatment for these diseases but are hindered by a lack of delivery vectors targeting HSCs, which reside in the difficult-to-access bone marrow niche. Here, we propose that this biological barrier can be overcome by taking advantage of HSC residence in the easily accessible liver during fetal development. To facilitate the delivery of gene editing cargo to fetal HSCs, we developed an ionizable lipid nanoparticle (LNP) platform targeting the CD45 receptor on the surface of HSCs. After validating that targeted LNPs improved messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) delivery to hematopoietic lineage cells via a CD45-specific mechanism in vitro, we demonstrated that this platform mediated safe, potent, and long-term gene modulation of HSCs in vivo in multiple mouse models. We further optimized this LNP platform in vitro to encapsulate and deliver CRISPR-based nucleic acid cargos. Finally, we showed that optimized and targeted LNPs enhanced gene editing at a proof-of-concept locus in fetal HSCs after a single in utero intravenous injection. By targeting HSCs in vivo during fetal development, our Systematically optimized Targeted Editing Machinery (STEM) LNPs may provide a translatable strategy to treat monogenic blood diseases before birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Palanki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - John S. Riley
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Sourav K. Bose
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Valerie Luks
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Apeksha Dave
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Nicole Kus
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Brandon M. White
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Adele S. Ricciardi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Kelsey L. Swingle
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Lulu Xue
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Derek Sung
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Ajay S. Thatte
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Hannah C. Safford
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Venkata S. Chaluvadi
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Marco Carpenter
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Emily L. Han
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Rohin Maganti
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Alex G. Hamilton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Kaitlin Mrksich
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | | | - Philip W. Zoltick
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Michael J. Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - William H. Peranteau
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
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2
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Nielsen C, Liu Y, Leguay F, Tirado HA, Dauguet N, van Gastel N. Optimization of pre-enrichment strategies for mouse hematopoietic stem cell isolation and metabolomic analysis. Exp Hematol 2024:104588. [PMID: 39097159 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Blood cell production arises from the activity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), defined by their self-renewal capacity and ability to give rise to all mature blood cell types. The mouse remains one of the most studied species in hematological research, and markers to define and isolate mouse HSCs are well-established. Given the very low frequency of HSCs in the bone marrow, stem cell pre-enrichment by red blood cell lysis and magnetic cell separation is often performed as part of the isolation process to reduce sorting times. Several pre-enrichment strategies are available, differing in their speed, degree of enrichment, final cell yield, and cost. In the current study, we performed a side-by-side comparison and provide a decision tree to help researchers select a pre-enrichment strategy for mouse HSC isolation depending on their downstream application. We then compared different pre-enrichment techniques in combination with metabolomics analysis of HSCs, where speed, yield and temperature during pre-enrichment are crucial factors, and found that the choice of pre-enrichment strategy significantly impacts the number of metabolites detected and levels of individual metabolites in HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célina Nielsen
- Cellular Metabolism and Microenvironment Laboratory, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Youzhong Liu
- Cellular Metabolism and Microenvironment Laboratory, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fleur Leguay
- Cellular Metabolism and Microenvironment Laboratory, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hernán A Tirado
- Cellular Metabolism and Microenvironment Laboratory, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Dauguet
- Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Facility, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick van Gastel
- Cellular Metabolism and Microenvironment Laboratory, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium.
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3
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Cho CJ, Brown JW, Mills JC. Origins of cancer: ain't it just mature cells misbehaving? EMBO J 2024; 43:2530-2551. [PMID: 38773319 PMCID: PMC11217308 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A pervasive view is that undifferentiated stem cells are alone responsible for generating all other cells and are the origins of cancer. However, emerging evidence demonstrates fully differentiated cells are plastic, can be coaxed to proliferate, and also play essential roles in tissue maintenance, regeneration, and tumorigenesis. Here, we review the mechanisms governing how differentiated cells become cancer cells. First, we examine the unique characteristics of differentiated cell division, focusing on why differentiated cells are more susceptible than stem cells to accumulating mutations. Next, we investigate why the evolution of multicellularity in animals likely required plastic differentiated cells that maintain the capacity to return to the cell cycle and required the tumor suppressor p53. Finally, we examine an example of an evolutionarily conserved program for the plasticity of differentiated cells, paligenosis, which helps explain the origins of cancers that arise in adults. Altogether, we highlight new perspectives for understanding the development of cancer and new strategies for preventing carcinogenic cellular transformations from occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Cho
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Brown
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jason C Mills
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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4
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Chittimalli K, Adkins S, Arora S, Singh J, Jarajapu YP. An Investigation of the Inflammatory Landscape in the Brain and Bone Marrow of the APP/PS1 Mouse. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2024; 8:981-998. [PMID: 39114548 PMCID: PMC11305850 DOI: 10.3233/adr-240024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The APP/PS1 mouse model recapitulates pathology of human Alzheimer's disease (AD). While amyloid-β peptide deposition and neurodegeneration are features of AD, the pathology may involve inflammation and impaired vascular regeneration. Objective This study evaluated inflammatory environments in the brain and bone marrow (BM), and the impact on brain microvascular density. Methods BM and frontal cortex from male nine-month-old APP/PS1 or the control C57Bl6/j mice were studied. Vascular density and inflammatory cells were evaluated in the sections of frontal cortex by immunohistochemistry. Different subsets of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (BM) and monocyte-macrophages were characterized by flow cytometry and by clonogenic assays. Myelopoietic or inflammatory factors were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR or by western blotting. Results CD34+ or CD31+ vascular structures were lower (p < 0.01, n = 6) in the frontal cortex that was associated with decreased number of Lin-Sca-1+cKit+ vasculogenic progenitor cells in the BM and circulation (p < 0.02, n = 6) compared to the control. Multipotent progenitor cells MPP4, common lymphoid, common myeloid and myeloid progenitor cells were higher in the APP/PS1-BM compared to the control, which agreed with increased numbers of monocytes and pro-inflammatory macrophages. The expression of pro-myelopoietic factors and alarmins was higher in the APP/PS1 BM-HSPCs or in the BM-supernatants compared to the control. Frontal cortices of APP/PS1 mice showed higher number of pro-inflammatory macrophages (CD11b+F4/80+ or CD80+) and microglia (OX42+Iba1+). Conclusions These findings show that AD pathology in APP/PS1 mice is associated with upregulated myelopoiesis, which contributes to the brain inflammation and decreased vascularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Chittimalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Stephen Adkins
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Sanjay Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Yagna P.R. Jarajapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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5
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Ueda K, Chin SS, Sato N, NIshikawa M, Yasuda K, Miyasaka N, Bera BS, Chorro L, Dona-Termine R, Koba WR, Reynolds D, Steidl UG, Lauvau G, Greally JM, Suzuki M. Prenatal vitamin D deficiency alters immune cell proportions of young adult offspring through alteration of long-term stem cell fates. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.11.557255. [PMID: 37745570 PMCID: PMC10515841 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.11.557255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a common deficiency worldwide, particularly among women of reproductive age. During pregnancy, it increases the risk of immune-related diseases in offspring later in life. However, exactly how the body remembers exposure to an adverse environment during development is poorly understood. Herein, we explore the effects of prenatal vitamin D deficiency on immune cell proportions in offspring using vitamin D deficient mice established by dietary manipulation. We found that prenatal vitamin D deficiency alters immune cell proportions in offspring by changing the transcriptional properties of genes downstream of vitamin D receptor signaling in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells of both the fetus and adults. Our results suggest the role of cellular differentiation properties of the hematopoiesis as the long-term memories of prenatal exposure at the adult stage. Moreover, further investigations of the associations between maternal vitamin D levels and cord blood immune cell profiles from 75 healthy pregnant women and their term babies also confirm that maternal vitamin D levels in the second trimester significantly affect immune cell proportions in the babies. This highlights the importance of providing vitamin D supplementation at specific stages of pregnancy.
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6
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Thambyrajah R, Maqueda M, Fadlullah MZ, Proffitt M, Neo WH, Guillén Y, Casado-Pelaez M, Herrero-Molinero P, Brujas C, Castelluccio N, González J, Iglesias A, Marruecos L, Ruiz-Herguido C, Esteller M, Mereu E, Lacaud G, Espinosa L, Bigas A. IκBα controls dormancy in hematopoietic stem cells via retinoic acid during embryonic development. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4673. [PMID: 38824124 PMCID: PMC11144194 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48854-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC) and progenitors arise simultaneously and independently of each other already in the embryonic aorta-gonad mesonephros region, but it is still unknown how their different features are established. Here, we uncover IκBα (Nfkbia, the inhibitor of NF-κB) as a critical regulator of HSC proliferation throughout development. IκBα balances retinoic acid signaling levels together with the epigenetic silencer, PRC2, specifically in HSCs. Loss of IκBα decreases proliferation of HSC and induces a dormancy related gene expression signature instead. Also, IκBα deficient HSCs respond with superior activation to in vitro culture and in serial transplantation. At the molecular level, chromatin regions harboring binding motifs for retinoic acid signaling are hypo-methylated for the PRC2 dependent H3K27me3 mark in IκBα deficient HSCs. Overall, we show that the proliferation index in the developing HSCs is regulated by a IκBα-PRC2 axis, which controls retinoic acid signaling.
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Grants
- PID2022-137945OB-I00 Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness | Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación)
- PID2019-104695RB-I00 Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness | Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación)
- 2021SGR00039 Departament d'Innovació, Universitats i Empresa, Generalitat de Catalunya (Department of Innovation, Education and Enterprise, Government of Catalonia)
- BP2016(00021) Departament d'Innovació, Universitats i Empresa, Generalitat de Catalunya (Department of Innovation, Education and Enterprise, Government of Catalonia)
- BP2018(00034) Departament d'Innovació, Universitats i Empresa, Generalitat de Catalunya (Department of Innovation, Education and Enterprise, Government of Catalonia)
- CA22/00011 Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness | Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Institute of Health Carlos III)
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshana Thambyrajah
- Program in Cancer Research, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria Maqueda
- Program in Cancer Research, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Muhammad Zaki Fadlullah
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin Proffitt
- Program in Cancer Research, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wen Hao Neo
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Yolanda Guillén
- Program in Cancer Research, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Carla Brujas
- Program in Cancer Research, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemi Castelluccio
- Program in Cancer Research, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jessica González
- Program in Cancer Research, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Arnau Iglesias
- Program in Cancer Research, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Marruecos
- Program in Cancer Research, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Manel Esteller
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Georges Lacaud
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lluis Espinosa
- Program in Cancer Research, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Bigas
- Program in Cancer Research, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Summers BS, Thomas Broome S, Pang TWR, Mundell HD, Koh Belic N, Tom NC, Ng ML, Yap M, Sen MK, Sedaghat S, Weible MW, Castorina A, Lim CK, Lovelace MD, Brew BJ. A Review of the Evidence for Tryptophan and the Kynurenine Pathway as a Regulator of Stem Cell Niches in Health and Disease. Int J Tryptophan Res 2024; 17:11786469241248287. [PMID: 38757094 PMCID: PMC11097742 DOI: 10.1177/11786469241248287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are ubiquitously found in various tissues and organs in the body, and underpin the body's ability to repair itself following injury or disease initiation, though repair can sometimes be compromised. Understanding how stem cells are produced, and functional signaling systems between different niches is critical to understanding the potential use of stem cells in regenerative medicine. In this context, this review considers kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolism in multipotent adult progenitor cells, embryonic, haematopoietic, neural, cancer, cardiac and induced pluripotent stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and mesenchymal stromal cells. The KP is the major enzymatic pathway for sequentially catabolising the essential amino acid tryptophan (TRP), resulting in key metabolites including kynurenine, kynurenic acid, and quinolinic acid (QUIN). QUIN metabolism transitions into the adjoining de novo pathway for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) production, a critical cofactor in many fundamental cellular biochemical pathways. How stem cells uptake and utilise TRP varies between different species and stem cell types, because of their expression of transporters and responses to inflammatory cytokines. Several KP metabolites are physiologically active, with either beneficial or detrimental outcomes, and evidence of this is presented relating to several stem cell types, which is important as they may exert a significant impact on surrounding differentiated cells, particularly if they metabolise or secrete metabolites differently. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in mesenchymal stromal cells, for instance, highly upregulates rate-limiting enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1), initiating TRP depletion and production of metabolites including kynurenine/kynurenic acid, known agonists of the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) transcription factor. AhR transcriptionally regulates an immunosuppressive phenotype, making them attractive for regenerative therapy. We also draw attention to important gaps in knowledge for future studies, which will underpin future application for stem cell-based cellular therapies or optimising drugs which can modulate the KP in innate stem cell populations, for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Sebastian Summers
- Applied Neurosciences Program, Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah Thomas Broome
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Hamish D Mundell
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, New South Wales Brain Tissue Resource Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Naomi Koh Belic
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole C Tom
- Formerly of the Department of Physiology, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mei Li Ng
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maylin Yap
- Formerly of the Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Monokesh K Sen
- Applied Neurosciences Program, Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sara Sedaghat
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael W Weible
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alessandro Castorina
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chai K Lim
- Faculty of Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael D Lovelace
- Applied Neurosciences Program, Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bruce J Brew
- Applied Neurosciences Program, Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Departments of Neurology and Immunology, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- University of Notre Dame, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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8
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Lin TL, Jaiswal AK, Ritter AJ, Reppas J, Tran TM, Neeb ZT, Katzman S, Thaxton ML, Cohen A, Sanford JR, Rao DS. Targeting IGF2BP3 enhances antileukemic effects of menin-MLL inhibition in MLL-AF4 leukemia. Blood Adv 2024; 8:261-275. [PMID: 38048400 PMCID: PMC10824693 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are emerging as a novel class of therapeutic targets in cancer, including in leukemia, given their important role in posttranscriptional gene regulation, and have the unexplored potential to be combined with existing therapies. The RBP insulin-like growth factor 2 messenger RNA-binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) has been found to be a critical regulator of MLL-AF4 leukemogenesis and represents a promising therapeutic target. Here, we study the combined effects of targeting IGF2BP3 and menin-MLL interaction in MLL-AF4-driven leukemia in vitro and in vivo, using genetic inhibition with CRISPR-Cas9-mediated deletion of Igf2bp3 and pharmacologic inhibition of the menin-MLL interaction with multiple commercially available inhibitors. Depletion of Igf2bp3 sensitized MLL-AF4 leukemia to the effects of menin-MLL inhibition on cell growth and leukemic initiating cells in vitro. Mechanistically, we found that both Igf2bp3 depletion and menin-MLL inhibition led to increased differentiation in vitro and in vivo, seen in functional readouts and by gene expression analyses. IGF2BP3 knockdown had a greater effect on increasing survival and attenuating disease than pharmacologic menin-MLL inhibition with small molecule MI-503 alone and showed enhanced antileukemic effects in combination. Our work shows that IGF2BP3 is an oncogenic amplifier of MLL-AF4-mediated leukemogenesis and a potent therapeutic target, providing a paradigm for targeting leukemia at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha L. Lin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Amit K. Jaiswal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Alexander J. Ritter
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | - Jenna Reppas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tiffany M. Tran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Zachary T. Neeb
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | - Sol Katzman
- Center for Biomolecular Science & Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | - Michelle L. Thaxton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Amanda Cohen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jeremy R. Sanford
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
- Center for Biomolecular Science & Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | - Dinesh S. Rao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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9
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Yalcin BH, Macas J, Wiercinska E, Harter PN, Fawaz M, Schmachtel T, Ghiro I, Bieniek E, Kosanovic D, Thom S, Fruttiger M, Taketo MM, Schermuly RT, Rieger MA, Plate KH, Bonig H, Liebner S. Wnt/β-Catenin-Signaling Modulates Megakaryopoiesis at the Megakaryocyte-Erythrocyte Progenitor Stage in the Hematopoietic System. Cells 2023; 12:2765. [PMID: 38067194 PMCID: PMC10706863 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic system (HS) gives rise to blood cells originating from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), including megakaryocytes (MKs) and red blood cells (erythrocytes; RBCs). Many steps of the cell-fate decision remain to be elucidated, being important for cancer treatment. To explore the role of Wnt/β-catenin for MK and RBC differentiation, we activated β-catenin signaling in platelet-derived growth factor b (Pdgfb)-expressing cells of the HS using a Cre-lox approach (Ctnnb1BM-GOF). FACS analysis revealed that Pdgfb is mainly expressed by megakaryocytic progenitors (MKPs), MKs and platelets. Recombination resulted in a lethal phenotype in mutants (Ctnnb1BM-GOFwt/fl, Ctnnb1BM-GOFfl/fl) 3 weeks after tamoxifen injection, showing an increase in MKs in the BM and spleen, but no pronounced anemia despite reduced erythrocyte counts. BM transplantation (BMT) of Ctnnb1BM-GOF BM into lethally irradiated wildtype recipients (BMT-Ctnnb1BM-GOF) confirmed the megakaryocytic, but not the lethal phenotype. CFU-MK assays in vitro with BM cells of Ctnnb1BM-GOF mice supported MK skewing at the expense of erythroid colonies. Molecularly, the runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) mRNA, known to suppress erythropoiesis, was upregulated in Ctnnb1BM-GOF BM cells. In conclusion, β-catenin activation plays a key role in cell-fate decision favoring MK development at the expense of erythroid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak H. Yalcin
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (J.M.); (I.G.); (K.H.P.)
| | - Jadranka Macas
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (J.M.); (I.G.); (K.H.P.)
| | - Eliza Wiercinska
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology, and DRK-Blutspendedienst BaWüHe, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick N. Harter
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (J.M.); (I.G.); (K.H.P.)
| | - Malak Fawaz
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.A.R.)
| | - Tessa Schmachtel
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.A.R.)
| | - Ilaria Ghiro
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (J.M.); (I.G.); (K.H.P.)
| | - Ewa Bieniek
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (E.B.); (D.K.)
| | - Djuro Kosanovic
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (E.B.); (D.K.)
| | - Sonja Thom
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (J.M.); (I.G.); (K.H.P.)
| | | | - Makoto M. Taketo
- Kyoto University Hospital-iACT Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 06-8501, Japan
| | - Ralph T. Schermuly
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (E.B.); (D.K.)
| | - Michael A. Rieger
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.A.R.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) at the German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Partner Site Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Karl H. Plate
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (J.M.); (I.G.); (K.H.P.)
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Halvard Bonig
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology, and DRK-Blutspendedienst BaWüHe, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Stefan Liebner
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (J.M.); (I.G.); (K.H.P.)
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Partner Site Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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10
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Reichard A, Wanner N, Farha S, Asosingh K. Hematopoietic stem cells and extramedullary hematopoiesis in the lungs. Cytometry A 2023; 103:967-977. [PMID: 37807901 PMCID: PMC10841540 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells are key players in hematopoiesis as the body maintains a physiologic steady state, and the signaling pathways and control mechanisms of these dynamic cells are implicated in processes from inflammation to cancer. Although the bone marrow is commonly regarded as the site of hematopoiesis and hematopoietic stem cell residence, these cells also circulate in the blood and reside in extramedullary tissues, including the lungs. Flow cytometry is an invaluable tool in evaluating hematopoietic stem cells, revealing their phenotypes and relative abundances in both healthy and diseased states. This review outlines current protocols and cell markers used in flow cytometric analysis of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell populations. Specific niches within the bone marrow are discussed, as are metabolic processes that contribute to stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, as well as the role of hematopoietic stem cells outside of the bone marrow at physiologic steady state. Finally, pulmonary extramedullary hematopoiesis and its associated disease states are outlined. Hematopoiesis in the lungs is a new and emerging concept, and discovering ways in which the study of lung-resident hematopoietic stem cells can be translated from murine models to patients will impact clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Reichard
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas Wanner
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Samar Farha
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Respiratory Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kewal Asosingh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Flow Cytometry Shared Laboratory Resource, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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11
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Sukhtankar DD, Fung JJ, Kim MN, Cayton T, Chiou V, Caculitan NG, Zalicki P, Kim S, Jo Y, Kim S, Lee JM, Choi J, Mun S, Chin A, Jang Y, Lee JY, Kim G, Kim EH, Huh WK, Jeong JY, Seen DS, Cardarelli PM. GPC-100, a novel CXCR4 antagonist, improves in vivo hematopoietic cell mobilization when combined with propranolol. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287863. [PMID: 37878624 PMCID: PMC10599528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous Stem Cell Transplant (ASCT) is increasingly used to treat hematological malignancies. A key requisite for ASCT is mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells into peripheral blood, where they are collected by apheresis and stored for later transplantation. However, success is often hindered by poor mobilization due to factors including prior treatments. The combination of G-CSF and GPC-100, a small molecule antagonist of CXCR4, showed potential in a multiple myeloma clinical trial for sufficient and rapid collection of CD34+ stem cells, compared to the historical results from the standards of care, G-CSF alone or G-CSF with plerixafor, also a CXCR4 antagonist. In the present study, we show that GPC-100 has high affinity towards the chemokine receptor CXCR4, and it potently inhibits β-arrestin recruitment, calcium flux and cell migration mediated by its ligand CXCL12. Proximity Ligation Assay revealed that in native cell systems with endogenous receptor expression, CXCR4 co-localizes with the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR). Co-treatment with CXCL12 and the β2AR agonist epinephrine synergistically increases β-arrestin recruitment to CXCR4 and calcium flux. This increase is blocked by the co-treatment with GPC-100 and propranolol, a non-selective beta-adrenergic blocker, indicating a functional synergy. In mice, GPC-100 mobilized more white blood cells into peripheral blood compared to plerixafor. GPC-100 induced mobilization was further amplified by propranolol pretreatment and was comparable to mobilization by G-CSF. Addition of propranolol to the G-CSF and GPC-100 combination resulted in greater stem cell mobilization than the G-CSF and plerixafor combination. Together, our studies suggest that the combination of GPC-100 and propranolol is a novel strategy for stem cell mobilization and support the current clinical trial in multiple myeloma registered as NCT05561751 at www.clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devki D. Sukhtankar
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Juan José Fung
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Mi-na Kim
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas Cayton
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Valerie Chiou
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Niña G. Caculitan
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Piotr Zalicki
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Sujeong Kim
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjung Jo
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SoHui Kim
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Min Lee
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhee Choi
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ashley Chin
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Yongdae Jang
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeong Lee
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gowoon Kim
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ki Huh
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yeon Jeong
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Pina M. Cardarelli
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
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12
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Carlock C, Bai Y, Paige-Hood A, Li Q, Nguele Meke F, Zhang ZY. PRL2 inhibition elevates PTEN protein and ameliorates progression of acute myeloid leukemia. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e170065. [PMID: 37665633 PMCID: PMC10619439 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.170065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of phosphatases of regenerating liver 2 (PRL2), detected in numerous diverse cancers, is often associated with increased severity and poor patient prognosis. PRL2-catalyzed tyrosine dephosphorylation of the tumor suppressor PTEN results in increased PTEN degradation and has been identified as a mechanism underlying PRL2 oncogenic activity. Overexpression of PRL2, coincident with reduced PTEN protein, is frequently observed in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In the current study, a PTEN-knockdown AML animal model was generated to assess the effect of conditional PRL2 inhibition on the level of PTEN protein and the development and progression of AML. Inhibition of PRL2 resulted in a significant increase in median animal survival, from 40 weeks to greater than 60 weeks. The prolonged survival reflected delayed expansion of aberrantly differentiated hematopoietic stem cells into leukemia blasts, resulting in extended time required for clinically relevant leukemia blast accumulation in the BM niche. Leukemia blast suppression following PRL2 inhibition was correlated with an increase in PTEN and downregulation of AKT/mTOR-regulated pathways. These observations directly established, in a disease model, the viability of PRL2 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for improving clinical outcomes in AML and potentially other PTEN-deficient cancers by slowing cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology
| | | | - Qinglin Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology
| | | | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Cancer Research, and
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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13
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Lintao RCV, Kammala AK, Radnaa E, Bettayeb M, Vincent KL, Patrikeev I, Yaklic J, Bonney EA, Menon R. Characterization of fetal microchimeric immune cells in mouse maternal hearts during physiologic and pathologic pregnancies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1256945. [PMID: 37808080 PMCID: PMC10556483 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1256945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: During pregnancy, fetal cells can be incorporated into maternal tissues (fetal microchimerism), where they can persist postpartum. Whether these fetal cells are beneficial or detrimental to maternal health is unknown. This study aimed to characterize fetal microchimeric immune cells in the maternal heart during pregnancy and postpartum, and to identify differences in these fetal microchimeric subpopulations between normal and pregnancies complicated by spontaneous preterm induced by ascending infection. Methods: A Cre reporter mouse model, which when mated with wild-type C57BL/6J females resulted in cells and tissues of progeny expressing red fluorescent protein tandem dimer Tomato (mT+), was used to detect fetal microchimeric cells. On embryonic day (E)15, 104 colony-forming units (CFU) E. coli was administered intravaginally to mimic ascending infection, with delivery on or before E18.5 considered as preterm delivery. A subset of pregnant mice was sacrificed at E16 and postpartum day 28 to harvest maternal hearts. Heart tissues were processed for immunofluorescence microscopy and high-dimensional mass cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) using an antibody panel of immune cell markers. Changes in cardiac physiologic parameters were measured up to 60 days postpartum via two-dimensional echocardiography. Results: Intravaginal E. coli administration resulted in preterm delivery of live pups in 70% of the cases. mT + expressing cells were detected in maternal uterus and heart, implying that fetal cells can migrate to different maternal compartments. During ascending infection, more fetal antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and less fetal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and fetal double-positive (DP) thymocytes were observed in maternal hearts at E16 compared to normal pregnancy. These HSCs were cleared while DP thymocytes persisted 28 days postpartum following an ascending infection. No significant changes in cardiac physiologic parameters were observed postpartum except a trend in lowering the ejection fraction rate in preterm delivered mothers. Conclusion: Both normal pregnancy and ascending infection revealed distinct compositions of fetal microchimeric immune cells within the maternal heart, which could potentially influence the maternal cardiac microenvironment via (1) modulation of cardiac reverse modeling processes by fetal stem cells, and (2) differential responses to recognition of fetal APCs by maternal T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. V. Lintao
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Ananth Kumar Kammala
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Enkhtuya Radnaa
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Mohamed Bettayeb
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Kathleen L. Vincent
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences Group, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Igor Patrikeev
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences Group, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Jerome Yaklic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Bonney
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
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14
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Emery JM, Chicana B, Taglinao H, Ponce C, Donham C, Padmore H, Sebastian A, Trasti SL, Manilay JO. Vhl deletion in Dmp1 -expressing cells alters MEP metabolism and promotes stress erythropoiesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.25.550559. [PMID: 37546957 PMCID: PMC10402046 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.25.550559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, general hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) enzyme inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of anemia due to renal disease and osteoporosis. However, it remains a challenge to target the HIF signaling pathway without dysregulating the skeletal and hematopoietic system. Here, we examined the effects of Vhl deletion in bone by performing longitudinal analyses of Vhl cKO mice at 3, 6, 10, and 24 weeks of age, where at 10 and 24 weeks of age, high bone mass and splenomegaly are present. Using flow cytometry, we observed increased frequency (%) of CD71 lo TER119 hi FSC lo orthochromatophilic erythroblasts and reticulocytes in 10- and 24-week-old Vhl cKO bone marrow (BM), which correlated with elevated erythropoietin levels in the BM and increased number of red blood cells in circulation. The absolute numbers of myeloerythroid progenitors (MEPs) in the BM were significantly reduced at 24 weeks. Bulk RNA-Seq of the MEPs showed upregulation of Epas1 ( Hif1a) and Efnb2 ( Hif2a) in Vhl cKO MEPs, consistent with a response to hypoxia, and genes involved in erythrocyte development, actin filament organization, and response to glucose. Additionally, histological analysis of Vhl cKO spleens revealed red pulp hyperplasia and the presence of megakaryocytes, both of which are features of extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH). EMH in the spleen was correlated with the presence of mature stress erythroid progenitors, suggesting that stress erythropoiesis is occurring to compensate for the BM microenvironmental irregularities. Our studies implicate that HIF-driven alterations in skeletal homeostasis can accelerate erythropoiesis. Key Points • Dysregulation of HIF signaling in Dmp1+ bone cells induces stress erythropoiesis.• Skeletal homeostasis modulates erythropoiesis.
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Pacheco-Fernandez T, Markle H, Verma C, Huston R, Gannavaram S, Nakhasi HL, Satoskar AR. Field-Deployable Treatments For Leishmaniasis: Intrinsic Challenges, Recent Developments and Next Steps. Res Rep Trop Med 2023; 14:61-85. [PMID: 37492219 PMCID: PMC10364832 DOI: 10.2147/rrtm.s392606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease endemic primarily to low- and middle-income countries, for which there has been inadequate development of affordable, safe, and efficacious therapies. Clinical manifestations of leishmaniasis range from self-healing skin lesions to lethal visceral infection with chances of relapse. Although treatments are available, secondary effects limit their use outside the clinic and negatively impact the quality of life of patients in endemic areas. Other non-medicinal treatments, such as thermotherapies, are limited to use in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis but not with visceral infection. Recent studies shed light to mechanisms through which Leishmania can persist by hiding in cellular safe havens, even after chemotherapies. This review focuses on exploring the cellular niches that Leishmania parasites may be leveraging to persist within the host. Also, the cellular, metabolic, and molecular implications of Leishmania infection and how those could be targeted for therapeutic purposes are discussed. Other therapies, such as those developed against cancer or for manipulation of the ferroptosis pathway, are proposed as possible treatments against leishmaniasis due to their mechanisms of action. In particular, treatments that target hematopoietic stem cells and monocytes, which have recently been found to be necessary components to sustain the infection and provide a safe niche for the parasites are discussed in this review as potential field-deployable treatments against leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalia Pacheco-Fernandez
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Disease, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Hannah Markle
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Disease, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Chaitenya Verma
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43201, USA
| | - Ryan Huston
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43201, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43201, USA
| | - Sreenivas Gannavaram
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Disease, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Hira L Nakhasi
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Disease, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43201, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43201, USA
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16
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Meng Y, Pospiech M, Ali A, Chandwani R, Vergel M, Onyemaechi S, Yaghmour G, Lu R, Alachkar H. Deletion of CD36 exhibits limited impact on normal hematopoiesis and the leukemia microenvironment. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:45. [PMID: 37226083 PMCID: PMC10210361 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD36 has been identified as a potential therapeutic target both in leukemic cells and in the tumor immune microenvironment. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we found that APOC2 acts with CD36 to promote leukemia growth by activating the LYN-ERK signaling. CD36 also plays a role in lipid metabolism of cancer associated T-cells leading to impaired cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell and enhanced Treg cell function. To establish CD36 as a viable therapeutic target in AML, we investigated whether targeting CD36 has any detrimental impact on normal hematopoietic cells. METHODS Differential expression data of CD36 during human and mouse normal hematopoiesis were examined and compared. Cd36 knockout (Cd36-KO) mice were evaluated for blood analysis, hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors (HSPCs) function and phenotype analyses, and T cells in vitro expansion and phenotypes in comparison with wild type (WT) mice. In addition, MLL-PTD/FLT3-ITD leukemic cells were engrafted into Cd36-KO and WT mice, and leukemia burden was compared between groups. RESULTS RNA-Seq data showed that Cd36 expression was low in HSPCs and increased as cells matured. Phenotypic analysis revealed limited changes in blood count except for a slight yet significantly lower red blood cell count and hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in Cd36-KO mice compared with WT mice (P < 0.05). In vitro cell proliferation assays of splenocytes and HSPCs from Cd36-KO mice showed a similar pattern of expansion to that of cells from WT mice. Characterization of HSPCs showed similar percentages of the different progenitor cell populations between Cd36-KO with WT mice. However, Cd36-KO mice exhibited ~ 40% reduction of the number of colonies developed from HSPCs cells compared with WT mice (P < 0.001). Cd36-KO and WT mice presented comparably healthy BM transplant in non-competitive models and developed similar leukemia burden. CONCLUSIONS Although the loss of Cd36 affects the hematopoietic stem cell and erythropoiesis, limited detrimental overall impact was observed on normal Hematopoietic and leukemic microenvironments. Altogether, considering the limited impact on normal hematopoiesis, therapeutic approaches to target CD36 in cancer are unlikely to result in toxicity to normal blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Mateusz Pospiech
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Atham Ali
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Ritu Chandwani
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Mary Vergel
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Sandra Onyemaechi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - George Yaghmour
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Rong Lu
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Houda Alachkar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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17
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Liu L, Kim S, Buckley MT, Reyes JM, Kang J, Tian L, Wang M, Lieu A, Mao M, Rodriguez-Mateo C, Ishak HD, Jeong M, Wu JC, Goodell MA, Brunet A, Rando TA. Exercise reprograms the inflammatory landscape of multiple stem cell compartments during mammalian aging. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:689-705.e4. [PMID: 37080206 PMCID: PMC10216894 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Exercise has the ability to rejuvenate stem cells and improve tissue regeneration in aging animals. However, the cellular and molecular changes elicited by exercise have not been systematically studied across a broad range of cell types in stem cell compartments. We subjected young and old mice to aerobic exercise and generated a single-cell transcriptomic atlas of muscle, neural, and hematopoietic stem cells with their niche cells and progeny, complemented by whole transcriptome analysis of single myofibers. We found that exercise ameliorated the upregulation of a number of inflammatory pathways associated with old age and restored aspects of intercellular communication mediated by immune cells within these stem cell compartments. Exercise has a profound impact on the composition and transcriptomic landscape of circulating and tissue-resident immune cells. Our study provides a comprehensive view of the coordinated responses of multiple aged stem cells and niche cells to exercise at the transcriptomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Soochi Kim
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Jaime M Reyes
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jengmin Kang
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lei Tian
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mingqiang Wang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Lieu
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Mao
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Rodriguez-Mateo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Heather D Ishak
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mira Jeong
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Greenstone Biosciences, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Margaret A Goodell
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anne Brunet
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Neurology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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18
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Ritter GS, Proskurina AS, Meschaninova MI, Potter EA, Petrova DD, Ruzanova VS, Dolgova EV, Kirikovich SS, Levites EV, Efremov YR, Nikolin VP, Popova NA, Venyaminova AG, Taranov OS, Ostanin AA, Chernykh ER, Kolchanov NA, Bogachev SS. Impact of Double-Stranded RNA Internalization on Hematopoietic Progenitors and Krebs-2 Cells and Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054858. [PMID: 36902311 PMCID: PMC10003629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) exhibits noticeable radioprotective and radiotherapeutic effects. The experiments conducted in this study directly demonstrated that dsRNA was delivered into the cell in its native form and that it induced hematopoietic progenitor proliferation. The 68 bp synthetic dsRNA labeled with 6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM) was internalized into mouse hematopoietic progenitors, c-Kit+ (a marker of long-term hematopoietic stem cells) cells and CD34+ (a marker of short-term hematopoietic stem cells and multipotent progenitors) cells. Treating bone marrow cells with dsRNA stimulated the growth of colonies, mainly cells of the granulocyte-macrophage lineage. A total of 0.8% of Krebs-2 cells internalized FAM-dsRNA and were simultaneously CD34+ cells. dsRNA in its native state was delivered into the cell, where it was present without any signs of processing. dsRNA binding to a cell was independent of cell charge. dsRNA internalization was related to the receptor-mediated process that requires energy from ATP. Synthetic dsRNA did not degrade in the bloodstream for at least 2 h. Hematopoietic precursors that had captured dsRNA reinfused into the bloodstream and populated the bone marrow and spleen. This study, for the first time, directly proved that synthetic dsRNA is internalized into a eukaryotic cell via a natural mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genrikh S. Ritter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia S. Proskurina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maria I. Meschaninova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Potter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Daria D. Petrova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vera S. Ruzanova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniya V. Dolgova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana S. Kirikovich
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniy V. Levites
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yaroslav R. Efremov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk National Research State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valeriy P. Nikolin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nelly A. Popova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk National Research State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Aliya G. Venyaminova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg S. Taranov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Novosibirsk Region, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Alexandr A. Ostanin
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena R. Chernykh
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay A. Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey S. Bogachev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(383)-363-49-63 (ext. 3411)
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19
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Linde IL, Prestwood TR, Qiu J, Pilarowski G, Linde MH, Zhang X, Shen L, Reticker-Flynn NE, Chiu DKC, Sheu LY, Van Deursen S, Tolentino LL, Song WC, Engleman EG. Neutrophil-activating therapy for the treatment of cancer. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:356-372.e10. [PMID: 36706760 PMCID: PMC9968410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite their cytotoxic capacity, neutrophils are often co-opted by cancers to promote immunosuppression, tumor growth, and metastasis. Consequently, these cells have received little attention as potential cancer immunotherapeutic agents. Here, we demonstrate in mouse models that neutrophils can be harnessed to induce eradication of tumors and reduce metastatic seeding through the combined actions of tumor necrosis factor, CD40 agonist, and tumor-binding antibody. The same combination activates human neutrophils in vitro, enabling their lysis of human tumor cells. Mechanistically, this therapy induces rapid mobilization and tumor infiltration of neutrophils along with complement activation in tumors. Complement component C5a activates neutrophils to produce leukotriene B4, which stimulates reactive oxygen species production via xanthine oxidase, resulting in oxidative damage and T cell-independent clearance of multiple tumor types. These data establish neutrophils as potent anti-tumor immune mediators and define an inflammatory pathway that can be harnessed to drive neutrophil-mediated eradication of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian L Linde
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tyler R Prestwood
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jingtao Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Genay Pilarowski
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Miles H Linde
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiangyue Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | - Lauren Y Sheu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Simon Van Deursen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lorna L Tolentino
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wen-Chao Song
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edgar G Engleman
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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20
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Duda GN, Geissler S, Checa S, Tsitsilonis S, Petersen A, Schmidt-Bleek K. The decisive early phase of bone regeneration. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:78-95. [PMID: 36624263 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bone has a remarkable endogenous regenerative capacity that enables scarless healing and restoration of its prior mechanical function, even under challenging conditions such as advanced age and metabolic or immunological degenerative diseases. However - despite much progress - a high number of bone injuries still heal with unsatisfactory outcomes. The mechanisms leading to impaired healing are heterogeneous, and involve exuberant and non-resolving immune reactions or overstrained mechanical conditions that affect the delicate regulation of the early initiation of scar-free healing. Every healing process begins phylogenetically with an inflammatory reaction, but its spatial and temporal intensity must be tightly controlled. Dysregulation of this inflammatory cascade directly affects the subsequent healing phases and hinders the healing progression. This Review discusses the complex processes underlying bone regeneration, focusing on the early healing phase and its highly dynamic environment, where vibrant changes in cellular and tissue composition alter the mechanical environment and thus affect the signalling pathways that orchestrate the healing process. Essential to scar-free healing is the interplay of various dynamic cascades that control timely resolution of local inflammation and tissue self-organization, while also providing sufficient local stability to initiate endogenous restoration. Various immunotherapy and mechanobiology-based therapy options are under investigation for promoting bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Berlin Institute of Health Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sven Geissler
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sara Checa
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Serafeim Tsitsilonis
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ansgar Petersen
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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21
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Zhu M, Wang Q, Gu T, Han Y, Zeng X, Li J, Dong J, Huang H, Qian P. Hydrogel-based microenvironment engineering of haematopoietic stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:49. [PMID: 36690903 PMCID: PMC11073069 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04696-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Haematopoietic Stem cells (HSCs) have the potential for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation, and their behaviours are finely tuned by the microenvironment. HSC transplantation (HSCT) is widely used in the treatment of haematologic malignancies while limited by the quantity of available HSCs. With the development of tissue engineering, hydrogels have been deployed to mimic the HSC microenvironment in vitro. Engineered hydrogels influence HSC behaviour by regulating mechanical strength, extracellular matrix microstructure, cellular ligands and cytokines, cell-cell interaction, and oxygen concentration, which ultimately facilitate the acquisition of sufficient HSCs. Here, we review recent advances in the application of hydrogel-based microenvironment engineering of HSCs, and provide future perspectives on challenges in basic research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhu
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiwei Wang
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tianning Gu
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingli Han
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jinxin Li
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - He Huang
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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22
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Schönung M, Hartmann M, Krämer S, Stäble S, Hakobyan M, Kleinert E, Aurich T, Cobanoglu D, Heidel FH, Fröhling S, Milsom MD, Schlesner M, Lutsik P, Lipka DB. Dynamic DNA methylation reveals novel cis-regulatory elements in mouse hematopoiesis. Exp Hematol 2023; 117:24-42.e7. [PMID: 36368558 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to terminally differentiated immune cells is accompanied by large-scale remodeling of the DNA methylation landscape. Although significant insights into the molecular mechanisms of hematopoietic tissue regeneration were derived from mouse models, profiling of DNA methylation has been hampered by high cost or low resolution using available methods. The recent development of the Infinium Mouse Methylation BeadChip (MMBC) array facilitates methylation profiling of the mouse genome at a single CpG resolution at affordable cost. We extended the RnBeads package to provide a computational framework for the analysis of MMBC data. This framework was applied to a newly generated reference map of mouse hematopoiesis encompassing nine different cell types. Analysis of dynamically regulated CpG sites showed progressive and unidirectional DNA methylation changes from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to differentiated hematopoietic cells and allowed the identification of lineage- and cell type-specific DNA methylation programs. Comparison with previously published catalogs of cis-regulatory elements (CREs) revealed 12,856 novel putative CREs that were dynamically regulated by DNA methylation (mdCREs). These mdCREs were predominantly associated with patterns of cell type-specific DNA hypomethylation and could be identified as epigenetic control regions regulating the expression of key hematopoietic genes during differentiation. In summary, we established an analysis pipeline for MMBC data sets and provide a DNA methylation atlas of mouse hematopoiesis. This resource allowed us to identify novel putative CREs involved in hematopoiesis and will serve as a platform to study epigenetic regulation of normal and malignant hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Schönung
- Section Translational Cancer Epigenomics, Division of Translational Medical Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Hartmann
- Section Translational Cancer Epigenomics, Division of Translational Medical Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephen Krämer
- Section Translational Cancer Epigenomics, Division of Translational Medical Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Biomedical Informatics, Data Mining and Data Analytics, Faculty of Applied Computer Science and Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Sina Stäble
- Section Translational Cancer Epigenomics, Division of Translational Medical Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mariam Hakobyan
- Section Translational Cancer Epigenomics, Division of Translational Medical Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emely Kleinert
- Section Translational Cancer Epigenomics, Division of Translational Medical Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Theo Aurich
- Division of Experimental Hematology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Defne Cobanoglu
- Section Translational Cancer Epigenomics, Division of Translational Medical Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian H Heidel
- Innere Medizin C, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz-Lipmann-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- Division of Translational Medical Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael D Milsom
- Division of Experimental Hematology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schlesner
- Biomedical Informatics, Data Mining and Data Analytics, Faculty of Applied Computer Science and Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Pavlo Lutsik
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Daniel B Lipka
- Section Translational Cancer Epigenomics, Division of Translational Medical Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.
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23
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Wang Y, Li M, Wang S, Ma J, Liu Y, Guo H, Gao J, Yao L, He B, Hu L, Qu G, Jiang G. Deciphering the Effects of 2D Black Phosphorus on Disrupted Hematopoiesis and Pulmonary Immune Homeostasis Using a Developed Flow Cytometry Method. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15869-15881. [PMID: 36227752 PMCID: PMC9671123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging two-dimensional nanomaterial with promising prospects, mono- or few-layer black phosphorus (BP) is potentially toxic to humans. We investigated the effects of two types of BPs on adult male mice through intratracheal instillation. Using the flow cytometry method, the generation, migration, and recruitment of immune cells in different organs have been characterized on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 post-exposure. Compared with small BP (S-BP, lateral size at ∼188 nm), large BP (L-BP, lateral size at ∼326 nm) induced a stronger stress lymphopoiesis and B cell infiltration into the alveolar sac. More importantly, L-BP dramatically increased peripheral neutrophil (NE) counts up to 1.9-fold on day 21 post-exposure. Decreased expression of the CXCR4 on NEs, an important regulator of NE retention in the bone marrow, explained the increased NE release into the circulation induced by L-BP. Therefore, BP triggers systemic inflammation via the disruption of both the generation and migration of inflammatory immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College
of Resources and Environment, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Research
Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of
Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Shunhao Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College
of Resources and Environment, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junjie Ma
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Research
Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of
Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yaquan Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College
of Resources and Environment, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Guo
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College
of Resources and Environment, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Gao
- School
of Environmental, Hangzhou Institute for
Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Linlin Yao
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bin He
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School
of Environmental, Hangzhou Institute for
Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
- College
of Resources and Environment, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ligang Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School
of Environmental, Hangzhou Institute for
Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
- College
of Resources and Environment, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute
of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School
of Environmental, Hangzhou Institute for
Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
- College
of Resources and Environment, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute
of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School
of Environmental, Hangzhou Institute for
Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
- College
of Resources and Environment, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute
of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
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24
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Wolf G, Gerber AN, Fasana ZG, Rosenberg K, Singh NJ. Acute effects of FLT3L treatment on T cells in intact mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19487. [PMID: 36376544 PMCID: PMC9662129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24126-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral T cells express a diverse repertoire of antigen-specific receptors, which together protect against the full range of pathogens. In this context, the total repertoire of memory T cells which are maintained by trophic signals, long after pathogen clearance, is critical. Since these trophic factors include cytokines and self-peptide-MHC, both of which are available from endogenous antigen-presenting cells (APC), we hypothesized that enhancing APC numbers in vivo can be a viable strategy to amplify the population of memory T cells. We evaluated this by acutely treating intact mice with FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3l), which promotes expansion of APCs. Here we report that this treatment allowed for, an expansion of effector-memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as an increase in their expression of KLRG1 and CD25. In the lymph nodes and spleen, the expansion was limited to a specific CD8 (CD44-low but CD62L-) subset. Functionally, this subset is distinct from naïve T cells and could produce significant amounts of effector cytokines upon restimulation. Taken together, these data suggest that the administration of Flt3L can impact both APC turnover as well as a corresponding flux of specific subsets of CD8+ T cells in an intact peripheral immune compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Wolf
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W Baltimore St., HSF1, Room 380, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Allison N Gerber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W Baltimore St., HSF1, Room 380, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Zachary G Fasana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W Baltimore St., HSF1, Room 380, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Kenneth Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W Baltimore St., HSF1, Room 380, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Nevil J Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W Baltimore St., HSF1, Room 380, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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25
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UM171 cooperates with PIM1 inhibitors to restrict HSC expansion markers and suppress leukemia progression. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:448. [PMID: 36335089 PMCID: PMC9637110 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The pyrimido-indole derivative UM171 promotes human Hematopoietic Stem Cells Expansion (HSCE), but its impact on leukemia is not known. Herein, we show in a mouse model of erythroleukemia that UM171 strongly suppresses leukemia progression. UM171 inhibits cell cycle progression and apoptosis of leukemic cells in culture. The effect of UM171 on leukemia differentiation was accompanied by increased expression of HSCE markers. RNAseq analysis combined with Q-RT-PCR and western blotting revealed that the PIM1 protein kinase is highly elevated in response to UM171 treatment. Moreover, docking analysis combined with immunoprecipitation assays revealed high binding affinity of UM171 to PIM1. Interestingly, pan-PIM kinase inhibitors counteracted the effect of UM171 on HSCE marker expression and PIM1 transcription, but not its suppression of leukemic cell growth. Moreover, combination treatment with UM171 and a pan-PIM inhibitor further suppressed leukemic cell proliferation compared to each drug alone. To uncover the mechanism of growth inhibition, we showed strong upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor P21CIP1 and the transcription factor KLF2 by UM171. In accordance, KLF2 knockdown attenuated growth inhibition by UM171. KLF2 upregulation by UM171 is also responsible for the activation of P21CIP1 in leukemic cells leading to a G1/S arrest and suppression of leukemogenesis. Thus, suppression of leukemic growth by UM171 through KLF2 and P21CIP1 is thwarted by PIM-mediated expansion of leukemic stemness, uncovering a novel therapeutic modality involving combined UM171 plus PIM inhibitors.
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26
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Phadke I, Pouzolles M, Machado A, Moraly J, Gonzalez-Menendez P, Zimmermann VS, Kinet S, Levine M, Violet PC, Taylor N. Vitamin C deficiency reveals developmental differences between neonatal and adult hematopoiesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:898827. [PMID: 36248829 PMCID: PMC9562198 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.898827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis, a process that results in the differentiation of all blood lineages, is essential throughout life. The production of 1x1012 blood cells per day, including 200x109 erythrocytes, is highly dependent on nutrient consumption. Notably though, the relative requirements for micronutrients during the perinatal period, a critical developmental window for immune cell and erythrocyte differentiation, have not been extensively studied. More specifically, the impact of the vitamin C/ascorbate micronutrient on perinatal as compared to adult hematopoiesis has been difficult to assess in animal models. Even though humans cannot synthesize ascorbate, due to a pseudogenization of the L-gulono-γ-lactone oxidase (GULO) gene, its generation from glucose is an ancestral mammalian trait. Taking advantage of a Gulo-/- mouse model, we show that ascorbic acid deficiency profoundly impacts perinatal hematopoiesis, resulting in a hypocellular bone marrow (BM) with a significant reduction in hematopoietic stem cells, multipotent progenitors, and hematopoietic progenitors. Furthermore, myeloid progenitors exhibited differential sensitivity to vitamin C levels; common myeloid progenitors and megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitors were markedly reduced in Gulo-/- pups following vitamin C depletion in the dams, whereas granulocyte-myeloid progenitors were spared, and their frequency was even augmented. Notably, hematopoietic cell subsets were rescued by vitamin C repletion. Consistent with these data, peripheral myeloid cells were maintained in ascorbate-deficient Gulo-/- pups while other lineage-committed hematopoietic cells were decreased. A reduction in B cell numbers was associated with a significantly reduced humoral immune response in ascorbate-depleted Gulo-/- pups but not adult mice. Erythropoiesis was particularly sensitive to vitamin C deprivation during both the perinatal and adult periods, with ascorbate-deficient Gulo-/- pups as well as adult mice exhibiting compensatory splenic differentiation. Furthermore, in the pathological context of hemolytic anemia, vitamin C-deficient adult Gulo-/- mice were not able to sufficiently increase their erythropoietic activity, resulting in a sustained anemia. Thus, vitamin C plays a pivotal role in the maintenance and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors during the neonatal period and is required throughout life to sustain erythroid differentiation under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Phadke
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Marie Pouzolles
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alice Machado
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Josquin Moraly
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Pedro Gonzalez-Menendez
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Valérie S. Zimmermann
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Sandrina Kinet
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Mark Levine
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Mark Levine, ; Pierre-Christian Violet, ; Naomi Taylor,
| | - Pierre-Christian Violet
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Mark Levine, ; Pierre-Christian Violet, ; Naomi Taylor,
| | - Naomi Taylor
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
- *Correspondence: Mark Levine, ; Pierre-Christian Violet, ; Naomi Taylor,
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27
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Peng J, Federman HG, Hernandez C, Siracusa MC. Communication is key: Innate immune cells regulate host protection to helminths. Front Immunol 2022; 13:995432. [PMID: 36225918 PMCID: PMC9548658 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.995432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic helminth infections remain a significant global health issue and are responsible for devastating morbidity and economic hardships. During infection, helminths migrate through different host organs, which results in substantial tissue damage and the release of diverse effector molecules by both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. Thus, host protective responses to helminths must initiate mechanisms that help to promote worm clearance while simultaneously mitigating tissue injury. The specialized immunity that promotes these responses is termed type 2 inflammation and is initiated by the recruitment and activation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells, neutrophils, macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Recent work has also revealed the importance of neuron-derived signals in regulating type 2 inflammation and antihelminth immunity. These studies suggest that multiple body systems coordinate to promote optimal outcomes post-infection. In this review, we will describe the innate immune events that direct the scope and intensity of antihelminth immunity. Further, we will highlight the recent progress made in our understanding of the neuro-immune interactions that regulate these pathways and discuss the conceptual advances they promote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianya Peng
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Hannah G. Federman
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Christina M. Hernandez
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Mark C. Siracusa
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Mark C. Siracusa,
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28
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Chhetri D, Vengadassalapathy S, Venkadassalapathy S, Balachandran V, Umapathy VR, Veeraraghavan VP, Jayaraman S, Patil S, Iyaswamy A, Palaniyandi K, Gnanasampanthapandian D. Pleiotropic effects of DCLK1 in cancer and cancer stem cells. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:965730. [PMID: 36250024 PMCID: PMC9560780 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.965730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1), a protein molecule, has been identified as a tumor stem cell marker in the cancer cells of gastrointestinal, pancreas, and human colon. DCLK1 expression in cancers, such as breast carcinoma, lung carcinoma, hepatic cell carcinoma, tuft cells, and human cholangiocarcinoma, has shown a way to target the DCLK1 gene and downregulate its expression. Several studies have discussed the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation along with neoplastic cell arrest when the DCLK1 gene, which is expressed in both cancer and normal cells, was targeted successfully. In addition, previous studies have shown that DCLK1 plays a vital role in various cancer metastases. The correlation of DCLK1 with numerous stem cell receptors, signaling pathways, and genes suggests its direct or an indirect role in promoting tumorigenesis. Moreover, the impact of DCLK1 was found to be related to the functioning of an oncogene. The downregulation of DCLK1 expression by using targeted strategies, such as embracing the use of siRNA, miRNA, CRISPR/Cas9 technology, nanomolecules, specific monoclonal antibodies, and silencing the pathways regulated by DCLK1, has shown promising results in both in vitro and in vivo studies on gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. In this review, we will discuss about the present understanding of DCLK1 and its role in the progression of GI cancer and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyashree Chhetri
- Cancer Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Srinivasan Vengadassalapathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | | | - Varadharaju Balachandran
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Vidhya Rekha Umapathy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, United States
| | - Ashok Iyaswamy
- Centre for Parkinsons Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kanagaraj Palaniyandi
- Cancer Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
- *Correspondence: Kanagaraj Palaniyandi, ; Dhanavathy Gnanasampanthapandian,
| | - Dhanavathy Gnanasampanthapandian
- Cancer Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
- *Correspondence: Kanagaraj Palaniyandi, ; Dhanavathy Gnanasampanthapandian,
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29
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Boroumand P, Prescott DC, Mukherjee T, Bilan PJ, Wong M, Shen J, Tattoli I, Zhou Y, Li A, Sivasubramaniyam T, Shi N, Zhu LY, Liu Z, Robbins C, Philpott DJ, Girardin SE, Klip A. Bone marrow adipocytes drive the development of tissue invasive Ly6C high monocytes during obesity. eLife 2022; 11:65553. [PMID: 36125130 PMCID: PMC9512398 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During obesity and high fat-diet (HFD) feeding in mice, sustained low-grade inflammation includes not only increased pro-inflammatory macrophages in the expanding adipose tissue, but also bone marrow (BM) production of invasive Ly6Chigh monocytes. As BM adiposity also accrues with HFD, we explored the relationship between the gains in BM white adipocytes and invasive Ly6Chigh monocytes by in vivo and ex vivo paradigms. We find a temporal and causal link between BM adipocyte whitening and the Ly6Chigh monocyte surge, preceding the adipose tissue macrophage rise during HFD in mice. Phenocopying this, ex vivo treatment of BM cells with conditioned media from BM adipocytes or bona fide white adipocytes favoured Ly6Chigh monocyte preponderance. Notably, Ly6Chigh skewing was preceded by monocyte metabolic reprogramming towards glycolysis, reduced oxidative potential and increased mitochondrial fission. In sum, short-term HFD changes BM cellularity, resulting in local adipocyte whitening driving a gradual increase and activation of invasive Ly6Chigh monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David C Prescott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tapas Mukherjee
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Philip J Bilan
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Wong
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jeff Shen
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ivan Tattoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathopysiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yuhuan Zhou
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Angela Li
- Research Institute, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Nan Shi
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lucie Y Zhu
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zhi Liu
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Clinton Robbins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathophysiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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30
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Pastrana-Otero I, Majumdar S, Gilchrist AE, Harley BAC, Kraft ML. Identification of the Differentiation Stages of Living Cells from the Six Most Immature Murine Hematopoietic Cell Populations by Multivariate Analysis of Single-Cell Raman Spectra. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11999-12007. [PMID: 36001072 PMCID: PMC9628127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to expand hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in vitro are motivated by their use in the treatment of leukemias and other blood and immune system diseases. The combinations of extrinsic cues within the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche that lead to HSC fate decisions remain unknown. New noninvasive and location-specific techniques are needed to enable identification of the differentiation stages of individual hematopoietic cells on biomaterial microarray screening platforms that minimize the usage of rare HSCs. Here, we show that a combination of Raman microspectroscopy and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) enables the location-specific identification of individual living cells from the six most immature hematopoietic cell populations, HSC, multipotent progenitor (MPP)-1, MPP-2, MPP-3, common myeloid progenitor, and common lymphoid progenitor. Better than 90% accuracy was achieved. We show that the accuracy of this differentiation stage identification was based on spectral features associated with cell biochemistries. This work establishes that PLS-DA can capture the subtle spectral variations between as many as six closely related cell populations in the presence of potentially significant within-population spectral variation. This noninvasive approach can be used to screen HSC fate decisions elicited by extrinsic cues within biomaterial microarray screening platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isamar Pastrana-Otero
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sayani Majumdar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Aidan E Gilchrist
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Mary L Kraft
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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31
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Dirkx L, Hendrickx S, Merlot M, Bulté D, Starick M, Elst J, Bafica A, Ebo DG, Maes L, Van Weyenbergh J, Caljon G. Long-term hematopoietic stem cells as a parasite niche during treatment failure in visceral leishmaniasis. Commun Biol 2022; 5:626. [PMID: 35752645 PMCID: PMC9233693 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03591-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the discontinuation of various first-line drugs for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), large-scale in vivo drug screening, establishment of a relapse model in rodents, immunophenotyping, and transcriptomics were combined to study persistent infections and therapeutic failure. Double bioluminescent/fluorescent Leishmania infantum and L. donovani reporter lines enabled the identification of long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSC) as a niche in the bone marrow with remarkably high parasite burdens, a feature confirmed for human hematopoietic stem cells (hHSPC). LT-HSC are more tolerant to antileishmanial drug action and serve as source of relapse. A unique transcriptional ’StemLeish’ signature in these cells was defined by upregulated TNF/NF-κB and RGS1/TGF-β/SMAD/SKIL signaling, and a downregulated oxidative burst. Cross-species analyses demonstrated significant overlap with human VL and HIV co-infected blood transcriptomes. In summary, the identification of LT-HSC as a drug- and oxidative stress-resistant niche, undergoing a conserved transcriptional reprogramming underlying Leishmania persistence and treatment failure, may open therapeutic avenues for leishmaniasis. Long-term hematopoietic stem cells may act as protective niches for the Leishmania parasite, potentially contributing to treatment failure in cases of visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dirkx
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Hygiene (LMPH), Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sarah Hendrickx
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Hygiene (LMPH), Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Margot Merlot
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Hygiene (LMPH), Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dimitri Bulté
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Hygiene (LMPH), Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marick Starick
- Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Rega Institute of Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Jessy Elst
- Department of Immunology-Allergology-Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - André Bafica
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Didier G Ebo
- Department of Immunology-Allergology-Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Hygiene (LMPH), Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johan Van Weyenbergh
- Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Rega Institute of Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Hygiene (LMPH), Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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32
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Ahn S, Koh B, Lee J, Hong S, Kim I, Kim P. In Vivo
Observation of Multi‐phase Spatiotemporal Cellular Dynamics of Transplanted HSPCs During Early Engraftment. FASEB Bioadv 2022; 4:547-559. [PMID: 35949509 PMCID: PMC9353502 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is commonly used to treat patients with various blood disorders, genetic and immunological diseases, and solid tumors. Several systemic complications following HSCT are critical limiting factors for achieving a successful outcome. These systemic complications are mainly due to the lack of initial engraftment after transplantation. However, the detailed underlying cellular dynamics of early engraftment have not been fully characterized yet. We performed in vivo longitudinal visualization of early engraftment characteristics of transplanted hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the mouse calvarial bone marrow (BM). To achieve this, we utilized an in vivo laser‐scanning confocal microscopy imaging system with a cranial BM imaging window and stereotaxic device. We observed two distinct cellular behaviors of HSPCs in vivo, cluster formation and cluster dissociation, early after transplantation. Furthermore, we successfully identified three cellular phases of engraftment with distinct cellular distances which are coordinated with cell proliferation and cell migration dynamics during initial engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Ahn
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST) Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea
- IVIM Technology Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - BongIhn Koh
- KI for the BioCentury Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Jingu Lee
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST) Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Sujung Hong
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST) Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Injune Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Pilhan Kim
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST) Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea
- IVIM Technology Daejeon Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea
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Sohn J, Milosevic J, Brouse T, Aziz N, Elkhoury J, Wang S, Hauschild A, van Gastel N, Cetinbas M, Tufa SF, Keene DR, Sadreyev RI, Pu WT, Sykes DB. A new murine model of Barth syndrome neutropenia links TAFAZZIN deficiency to increased ER stress-induced apoptosis. Blood Adv 2022; 6:2557-2577. [PMID: 34979560 PMCID: PMC9043941 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Barth syndrome is an inherited X-linked disorder that leads to cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, and neutropenia. These symptoms result from the loss of function of the enzyme TAFAZZIN, a transacylase located in the inner mitochondrial membrane that is responsible for the final steps of cardiolipin production. The link between defective cardiolipin maturation and neutropenia remains unclear. To address potential mechanisms of neutropenia, we examined myeloid progenitor development within the fetal liver of TAFAZZIN knockout (KO) animals as well as within the adult bone marrow of wild-type recipients transplanted with TAFAZZIN-KO hematopoietic stem cells. We also used the ER-Hoxb8 system (estrogen receptor fused to Hoxb8) of conditional immortalization to establish a new murine model system for the ex vivo study of TAFAZZIN-deficient neutrophils. The TAFAZZIN-KO cells demonstrated the expected dramatic differences in cardiolipin maturation that result from a lack of TAFAZZIN enzyme activity. Contrary to our hypothesis, we did not identify any significant differences in neutrophil development or neutrophil function across a variety of assays including phagocytosis and the production of cytokines or reactive oxygen species. However, transcriptomic analysis of the TAFAZZIN-deficient neutrophil progenitors demonstrated an upregulation of markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress and confirmatory testing demonstrated that the TAFAZZIN-deficient cells had increased sensitivity to certain ER stress-mediated and non-ER stress-mediated triggers of apoptosis. Although the link between increased sensitivity to apoptosis and the variably penetrant neutropenia phenotype seen in some patients with Barth syndrome remains to be clarified, our studies and new model system set a foundation for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihee Sohn
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jelena Milosevic
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas Brouse
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Najihah Aziz
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jenna Elkhoury
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Suya Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Nick van Gastel
- de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Murat Cetinbas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sara F. Tufa
- Micro-Imaging Center, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Portland, OR
| | - Douglas R. Keene
- Micro-Imaging Center, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Portland, OR
| | - Ruslan I. Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and
| | - William T. Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - David B. Sykes
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA
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Gilchrist AE, Harley BA. Engineered Tissue Models to Replicate Dynamic Interactions within the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102130. [PMID: 34936239 PMCID: PMC8986554 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells are the progenitors of the blood and immune system and represent the most widely used regenerative therapy. However, their rarity and limited donor base necessitate the design of ex vivo systems that support HSC expansion without the loss of long-term stem cell activity. This review describes recent advances in biomaterials systems to replicate features of the hematopoietic niche. Inspired by the native bone marrow, these instructive biomaterials provide stimuli and cues from cocultured niche-associated cells to support HSC encapsulation and expansion. Engineered systems increasingly enable study of the dynamic nature of the matrix and biomolecular environment as well as the role of cell-cell signaling (e.g., autocrine feedback vs paracrine signaling between dissimilar cells). The inherent coupling of material properties, biotransport of cell-secreted factors, and cell-mediated remodeling motivate dynamic biomaterial systems as well as characterization and modeling tools capable of evaluating a temporally evolving tissue microenvironment. Recent advances in HSC identification and tracking, model-based experimental design, and single-cell culture platforms facilitate the study of the effect of constellations of matrix, cell, and soluble factor signals on HSC fate. While inspired by the HSC niche, these tools are amenable to the broader stem cell engineering community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan E. Gilchrist
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Brendan A.C. Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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IL-3 Expands Pre-Basophil and Mast Cell Progenitors by Upregulating the IL-3 Receptor Expression. Cell Immunol 2022; 374:104498. [PMID: 35334276 PMCID: PMC9161734 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Basophils and mast cells play a critical role in allergic inflammation and provide protective immunity against certain types of parasitic infections. Expansion of basophils and mast cells to the critical numbers is believed to be an essential step in enabling basophils and mast cells to carry out their protective functions. However, factors that drive basophil and mast cell expansion are still incompletely understood. We tested the roles of cytokines and growth factors IL-3, TSLP, GM-CSF, IL-5, SCF, IL-7, IL-25, and IL-33 in promoting the differentiation of pre-basophil and mast cell progenitors (pre-BMPs)in vitro.We found that while GM-CSF only expanded basophils, IL-3 promoted the differentiation of pre-BMPs into both basophils and mast cells. We found that IL-3 expanded the number of pre-BMPsin vivo. We showed that IL-3 upregulatedIl3ramRNA and protein expression on pre-BMPs, supporting that IL-3 expands pre-BMPs in part by upregulating the IL-3 receptor expression. Although Gata2 mRNA expression was upregulated by IL-3 treatment in pre-BMPs, it is dispensable for IL-3-mediated upregulation of IL-3 receptor expression. Our study reveals a novel mechanism through which IL-3 expands basophil and mast cells.
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P2X 4 deficiency reduces atherosclerosis and plaque inflammation in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2801. [PMID: 35181718 PMCID: PMC8857235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) acts as an import signaling molecule mediating inflammation via purinergic P2 receptors. ATP binds to the purinergic receptor P2X4 and promotes inflammation via increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Because of the central role of inflammation, we assumed a functional contribution of the ATP-P2X4-axis in atherosclerosis. Expression of P2X4 was increased in atherosclerotic aortic arches from low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice being fed a high cholesterol diet as assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. To investigate the functional role of P2X4 in atherosclerosis, P2X4-deficient mice were crossed with low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice and fed high cholesterol diet. After 16 weeks, P2X4-deficient mice developed smaller atherosclerotic lesions compared to P2X4-competent mice. Furthermore, intravital microscopy showed reduced ATP-induced leukocyte rolling at the vessel wall in P2X4-deficient mice. Mechanistically, we found a reduced RNA expression of CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL-2), C-X-C motif chemokine-1 (CXCL-1), C-X-C motif chemokine-2 (CXCL-2), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) as well as a decreased nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-inflammasome priming in atherosclerotic plaques from P2X4-deficient mice. Moreover, bone marrow derived macrophages isolated from P2X4-deficient mice revealed a reduced ATP-mediated release of CCL-2, CC chemokine ligand 5 (CCL-5), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6. Additionally, P2X4-deficient mice shared a lower proportion of pro-inflammatory Ly6Chigh monocytes and a higher proportion of anti-inflammatory Ly6Clow monocytes, and expressend less endothelial VCAM-1. Finally, increased P2X4 expression in human atherosclerotic lesions from carotid endarterectomy was found, indicating the importance of potential implementations of this study’s findings for human atherosclerosis. Collectively, P2X4 deficiency reduced experimental atherosclerosis, plaque inflammation and inflammasome priming, pointing to P2X4 as a potential therapeutic target in the fight against atherosclerosis.
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Thambyrajah R, Bigas A. Notch Signaling in HSC Emergence: When, Why and How. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030358. [PMID: 35159166 PMCID: PMC8833884 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) sustains blood homeostasis throughout life in vertebrates. During embryonic development, HSCs emerge from the aorta-gonads and mesonephros (AGM) region along with hematopoietic progenitors within hematopoietic clusters which are found in the dorsal aorta, the main arterial vessel. Notch signaling, which is essential for arterial specification of the aorta, is also crucial in hematopoietic development and HSC activity. In this review, we will present and discuss the evidence that we have for Notch activity in hematopoietic cell fate specification and the crosstalk with the endothelial and arterial lineage. The core hematopoietic program is conserved across vertebrates and here we review studies conducted using different models of vertebrate hematopoiesis, including zebrafish, mouse and in vitro differentiated Embryonic stem cells. To fulfill the goal of engineering HSCs in vitro, we need to understand the molecular processes that modulate Notch signaling during HSC emergence in a temporal and spatial context. Here, we review relevant contributions from different model systems that are required to specify precursors of HSC and HSC activity through Notch interactions at different stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshana Thambyrajah
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.T.); (A.B.); Tel.: +34-933160437 (R.T.); +34-933160440 (A.B.)
| | - Anna Bigas
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.T.); (A.B.); Tel.: +34-933160437 (R.T.); +34-933160440 (A.B.)
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Olender L, Thapa R, Gazit R. Isolation of Murine Myeloid Progenitor Populations by CD34/CD150 Surface Markers. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030350. [PMID: 35159159 PMCID: PMC8834359 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid progenitors are intermediates between Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) and Myeloid effector progeny. In mouse bone marrow, they are part of the Lineage− cKit+ Sca1− (LK) compartment. To date, most researchers used CD34 and FcγR surface markers for the dissection of this compartment into various populations. Surprisingly, however, this approach does not provide distinct separation by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). In this study, we suggest using CD150 instead of FcγR. We re-analyzed published single-cell RNA-Seq data and found that CD34/CD150 provides better sub-populations separation, compared to the “classical” CD34/FcγR-based approach. We confirm our findings by independent FACS analysis. We demonstrate comparable differentiation potential of the newly-obtained LK sub-populations, like previous “classical” ones. Therefore, we suggest the CD34/CD150 gating strategy, utilizing commonly-used surface markers, as a robust and reproducible separation of the LK compartment into distinct sub-populations.
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Ginsenoside Rg1 as a Potential Regulator of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2021:4633270. [PMID: 35003268 PMCID: PMC8741398 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4633270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), a purified, active component of the root or stem of ginseng, exerts positive effects on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Many recent studies have found that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which can develop into hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and mature blood cells, are another class of heterogeneous adult stem cells that can be regulated by Rg1. Rg1 can affect HSC proliferation and migration, regulate HSC/HPC differentiation, and alleviate HSC aging, and these findings potentially provide new strategies to improve the HSC homing rate in HSC transplantation and for the treatment of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) or other HSC/HPC dysplasia-induced diseases. In this review, we used bioinformatics methods, molecular docking verification, and a literature review to systematically explore the possible molecular pharmacological activities of Rg1 through which it regulates HSCs/HPCs.
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40
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Phenformin increases early hematopoietic progenitors in the Jak2 V617F murine model. Invest New Drugs 2022; 40:576-585. [PMID: 35015172 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-022-01212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are disorders characterized by an alteration at the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) level, where the JAK2 mutation is the most common genetic alteration found in classic MPN (polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis). We and others previously demonstrated that metformin reduced splenomegaly and platelets counts in peripheral blood in JAK2V617F pre-clinical MPN models, which highlighted the antineoplastic potential of biguanides for MPN treatment. Phenformin is a biguanide that has been used to treat diabetes, but was withdrawn due to its potential to cause lactic acidosis in patients. AIMS We herein aimed to investigate the effects of phenformin in MPN disease burden and stem cell function in Jak2V617F-knockin MPN mice. RESULTS In vitro phenformin treatment reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis in SET2 JAK2V67F cells. Long-term treatment with 40 mg/kg phenformin in Jak2V617F knockin mice increased the frequency of LSK, myeloid progenitors (MP), and multipotent progenitors (MPP) in the bone marrow. Phenformin treatment did not affect peripheral blood counts, spleen weight, megakaryocyte count, erythroid precursors frequency, or ex vivo clonogenic capacity. Ex vivo treatment of bone marrow cells from Jak2V617F knockin mice with phenformin did not affect hematologic parameters or engraftment in recipient mice. CONCLUSIONS Phenformin increased the percentages of LSK, MP, and MPP populations, but did not reduce disease burden in Jak2V617F-knockin mice. Additional studies are necessary to further understand the effects of phenformin on early hematopoietic progenitors.
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Ngo MT, Barnhouse VR, Gilchrist AE, Mahadik BP, Hunter CJ, Hensold JN, Petrikas N, Harley BAC. Hydrogels Containing Gradients in Vascular Density Reveal Dose-Dependent Role of Angiocrine Cues on Stem Cell Behavior. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2101541. [PMID: 35558090 PMCID: PMC9090181 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials that replicate patterns of microenvironmental signals from the stem cell niche offer the potential to refine platforms to regulate stem cell behavior. While significant emphasis has been placed on understanding the effects of biophysical and biochemical cues on stem cell fate, vascular-derived or angiocrine cues offer an important alternative signaling axis for biomaterial-based stem cell platforms. Elucidating dose-dependent relationships between angiocrine cues and stem cell fate are largely intractable in animal models and 2D cell cultures. In this study, microfluidic mixing devices are leveraged to generate 3D hydrogels containing lateral gradients in vascular density alongside murine hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Regional differences in vascular density can be generated via embossed gradients in cell, matrix, or growth factor density. HSCs co-cultured alongside vascular gradients reveal spatial patterns of HSC phenotype in response to angiocrine signals. Notably, decreased Akt signaling in high vessel density regions led to increased expansion of lineage-positive hematopoietic cells. This approach offers a combinatorial tool to rapidly screen a continuum of microenvironments with varying vascular, biophysical, and biochemical cues to reveal the influence of local angiocrine signals on HSC fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai T Ngo
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Victoria R Barnhouse
- Dept. Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Aidan E Gilchrist
- Dept. Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Bhushan P Mahadik
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Christine J Hunter
- Dept. Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Joy N Hensold
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Nathan Petrikas
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Dept. Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Dept. Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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42
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Flegar D, Filipović M, Šućur A, Markotić A, Lukač N, Šisl D, Ikić Matijašević M, Jajić Z, Kelava T, Katavić V, Kovačić N, Grčević D. Preventive CCL2/CCR2 Axis Blockade Suppresses Osteoclast Activity in a Mouse Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis by Reducing Homing of CCR2 hi Osteoclast Progenitors to the Affected Bone. Front Immunol 2021; 12:767231. [PMID: 34925336 PMCID: PMC8677701 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Detailed characterization of medullary and extramedullary reservoirs of osteoclast progenitors (OCPs) is required to understand the pathophysiology of increased periarticular and systemic bone resorption in arthritis. In this study, we focused on identifying the OCP population specifically induced by arthritis and the role of circulatory OCPs in inflammatory bone loss. In addition, we determined the relevant chemokine axis responsible for their migration, and targeted the attraction signal to reduce bone resorption in murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). OCPs were expanded in periarticular as well as circulatory compartment of arthritic mice, particularly the CCR2hi subset. This subset demonstrated enhanced osteoclastogenic activity in arthritis, whereas its migratory potential was susceptible to CCR2 blockade in vitro. Intravascular compartment of the periarticular area contained increased frequency of OCPs with the ability to home to the arthritic bone, as demonstrated in vivo by intravascular staining and adoptive transfer of splenic LysMcre/Ai9 tdTomato-expressing cells. Simultaneously, CCL2 levels were increased locally and systemically in arthritic mice. Mouse cohorts were treated with the small-molecule inhibitor (SMI) of CCR2 alone or in combination with methotrexate (MTX). Preventive CCR2/CCL2 axis blockade in vivo reduced bone resorption and OCP frequency, whereas combining with MTX treatment also decreased disease clinical score, number of active osteoclasts, and OCP differentiation potential. In conclusion, our study characterized the functional properties of two distinct OCP subsets in CIA, based on their CCR2 expression levels, implying that the CCR2hi circulatory-like subset is specifically induced by arthritis. Signaling through the CCL2/CCR2 axis contributes to OCP homing in the inflamed joints and to their increased osteoclastogenic potential. Therefore, addition of CCL2/CCR2 blockade early in the course of arthritis is a promising approach to reduce bone pathology.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antirheumatic Agents/pharmacology
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Benzoxazines/pharmacology
- Bone and Bones/drug effects
- Bone and Bones/metabolism
- Bone and Bones/pathology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Male
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Methotrexate/pharmacology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Osteoclasts/cytology
- Osteoclasts/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- Receptors, CCR2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, CCR2/genetics
- Receptors, CCR2/metabolism
- Spiro Compounds/pharmacology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Flegar
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maša Filipović
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alan Šućur
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Markotić
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nina Lukač
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dino Šisl
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Ikić Matijašević
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Jajić
- Department of Rheumatology, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Kelava
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedran Katavić
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nataša Kovačić
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danka Grčević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Moretti FA, Giardino G, Attenborough TCH, Gkazi AS, Margetts BK, la Marca G, Fairbanks L, Crompton T, Gaspar HB. Metabolite and thymocyte development defects in ADA-SCID mice receiving enzyme replacement therapy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23221. [PMID: 34853379 PMCID: PMC8636570 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02572-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of adenosine deaminase (ADA, EC3.5.4.4), a housekeeping enzyme intrinsic to the purine salvage pathway, leads to severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) both in humans and mice. Lack of ADA results in the intracellular accumulation of toxic metabolites which have effects on T cell development and function. While untreated ADA-SCID is a fatal disorder, there are different therapeutic options available to restore ADA activity and reconstitute a functioning immune system, including enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Administration of ERT in the form of pegylated bovine ADA (PEG-ADA) has proved a life-saving though non-curative treatment for ADA-SCID patients. However, in many patients treated with PEG-ADA, there is suboptimal immune recovery with low T and B cell numbers. Here, we show reduced thymus cellularity in ADA-SCID mice despite weekly PEG-ADA treatment. This was associated with lack of effective adenosine (Ado) detoxification in the thymus. We also show that thymocyte development in ADA-deficient thymi is arrested at the DN3-to-DN4 stage transition with thymocytes undergoing dATP-induced apoptosis rather than defective TCRβ rearrangement or β-selection. Our studies demonstrate at a detailed level that exogenous once-a-week enzyme replacement does not fully correct intra-thymic metabolic or immunological abnormalities associated with ADA deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ben K Margetts
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Giancarlo la Marca
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence and Newborn Screening, Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology Lab, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Tessa Crompton
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - H Bobby Gaspar
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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44
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Cherqui S. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene Therapy for Cystinosis: From Bench-to-Bedside. Cells 2021; 10:3273. [PMID: 34943781 PMCID: PMC8699556 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystinosis is an autosomal recessive metabolic disease that belongs to the family of lysosomal storage disorders. The gene involved is the CTNS gene that encodes cystinosin, a seven-transmembrane domain lysosomal protein, which is a proton-driven cystine transporter. Cystinosis is characterized by the lysosomal accumulation of cystine, a dimer of cysteine, in all the cells of the body leading to multi-organ failure, including the failure of the kidney, eye, thyroid, muscle, and pancreas, and eventually causing premature death in early adulthood. The current treatment is the drug cysteamine, which is onerous and expensive, and only delays the progression of the disease. Employing the mouse model of cystinosis, using Ctns-/- mice, we first showed that the transplantation of syngeneic wild-type murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) led to abundant tissue integration of bone marrow-derived cells, a significant decrease in tissue cystine accumulation, and long-term kidney, eye and thyroid preservation. To translate this result to a potential human therapeutic treatment, given the risks of mortality and morbidity associated with allogeneic HSPC transplantation, we developed an autologous transplantation approach of HSPCs modified ex vivo using a self-inactivated lentiviral vector to introduce a functional version of the CTNS cDNA, pCCL-CTNS, and showed its efficacy in Ctns-/- mice. Based on these promising results, we held a pre-IND meeting with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to carry out the FDA agreed-upon pharmacological and toxicological studies for our therapeutic candidate, manufacturing development, production of the GMP lentiviral vector, design Phase 1/2 of the clinical trial, and filing of an IND application. Our IND was cleared by the FDA on 19 December 2018, to proceed to the clinical trial using CD34+ HSPCs from the G-CSF/plerixafor-mobilized peripheral blood stem cells of patients with cystinosis, modified by ex vivo transduction using the pCCL-CTNS vector (investigational product name: CTNS-RD-04). The clinical trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of CTNS-RD-04 and takes place at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) and will include up to six patients affected with cystinosis. Following leukapheresis and cell manufacturing, the subjects undergo myeloablation before HSPC infusion. Patients also undergo comprehensive assessments before and after treatment to evaluate the impact of CTNS-RD-04 on the clinical outcomes and cystine and cystine crystal levels in the blood and tissues for 2 years. If successful, this treatment could be a one-time therapy that may eliminate or reduce renal deterioration as well as the long-term complications associated with cystinosis. In this review, we will describe the long path from bench-to-bedside for autologous HSPC gene therapy used to treat cystinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Cherqui
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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45
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Kouchakian MR, Baghban N, Moniri SF, Baghban M, Bakhshalizadeh S, Najafzadeh V, Safaei Z, Izanlou S, Khoradmehr A, Nabipour I, Shirazi R, Tamadon A. The Clinical Trials of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:1634782. [PMID: 34745268 PMCID: PMC8566082 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1634782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous population of adult stem cells, which are multipotent and possess the ability to differentiate/transdifferentiate into mesodermal and nonmesodermal cell lineages. MSCs display broad immunomodulatory properties since they are capable of secreting growth factors and chemotactic cytokines. Safety, accessibility, and isolation from patients without ethical concern make MSCs valuable sources for cell therapy approaches in autoimmune, inflammatory, and degenerative diseases. Many studies have been conducted on the application of MSCs as a new therapy, but it seems that a low percentage of them is related to clinical trials, especially completed clinical trials. Considering the importance of clinical trials to develop this type of therapy as a new treatment, the current paper is aimed at describing characteristics of MSCs and reviewing relevant clinical studies registered on the NIH database during 2016-2020 to discuss recent advances on MSC-based therapeutic approaches being used in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Kouchakian
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Baghban
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Farzaneh Moniri
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Baghban
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Bakhshalizadeh
- Reproductive Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vahid Najafzadeh
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Anatomy & Biochemistry Section, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zahra Safaei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Amir Al Mo'menin Hospital, Amir Al Mo'menin IVF Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Safoura Izanlou
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Arezoo Khoradmehr
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Reza Shirazi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amin Tamadon
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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46
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Kwack KH, Lamb NA, Bard JE, Kramer ED, Zhang L, Abrams SI, Kirkwood KL. Discovering Myeloid Cell Heterogeneity in Mandibular Bone - Cell by Cell Analysis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:731549. [PMID: 34658914 PMCID: PMC8514701 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.731549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The myeloid-derived bone marrow progenitor populations from different anatomical locations are known to have diverse osteoclastogenesis potential. Specifically, myeloid progenitors from the tibia and femur have increased osteoclast differentiation potential compared to myeloid progenitors from the alveolar process. In this study, we explored the differences in the myeloid lineage progenitor cell populations in alveolar (mandibular) bone versus long (femur) bone using flow cytometry and high-throughput single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to provide a comprehensive transcriptional landscape. Results indicate that mandibular bone marrow-derived cells exhibit consistent deficits in myeloid differentiation, including significantly fewer myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC)-like populations (CD11b+Ly6C+, CD11b+Ly6G+), as well as macrophages (CD11b+F4/80+). Although significantly fewer in number, MDSCs from mandibular bone exhibited increased immunosuppressive activity compared to MDSCs isolated from long bone. Using flow cytometry panels specific for bone marrow progenitors, analysis of hematopoietic stem cells showed no defects in mandibular bone marrow in LSK (Lin-Sca1+cKit+) cell and LK (Lin-Sca1-cKit+) cell populations. While there was no significant difference in granulocyte progenitors, the granulocyte-monocyte progenitors and monocyte progenitor population were significantly decreased in the mandibular bone marrow. T-lymphocyte subsets were not significantly different between mandibular and femoral bone, except for CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T lymphocytes, which were significantly increased in the mandible. In addition, B lymphocytes were significantly increased in mandible. Single cell RNA sequencing from mandible and femur BM revealed distinct differences in transcriptomic profiles in myeloid populations establishing previously unappreciated aspects of mandibular bone marrow populations. These analyses reveal site-specific differences in the myeloid progenitor cellular composition and transcriptional programs providing a deeper appreciation of the complex differences in myeloid cell heterogeneity from different anatomical bone marrow sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Hwan Kwack
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Natalie A. Lamb
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan E. Bard
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Elliot D. Kramer
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Scott I. Abrams
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Keith L. Kirkwood
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Head and Neck, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
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47
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Li S, Huang J, Guo Y, Wang J, Lu S, Wang B, Gong Y, Qin S, Zhao S, Wang S, Liu Y, Fang Y, Guo Y, Xu Z, Ulloa L. PAC1 Receptor Mediates Electroacupuncture-Induced Neuro and Immune Protection During Cisplatin Chemotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:714244. [PMID: 34552585 PMCID: PMC8450570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy is an effective treatment used in multiple tumor treatments, but produces severe side effects including neurotoxicity, anemia, and immunosuppression, which limits its anti-tumor efficacy and increases the risk of infections. Electroacupuncture (EA) is often used to ameliorate these side effects, but its mechanism is unknown. Here, we report that EA on ST36 and SP6 prevents cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity and immunosuppression. EA induces neuroprotection, prevents pain-related neurotoxicity, preserves bone marrow (BM) hematopoiesis, and peripheral levels of leukocytes. EA activates sympathetic BM terminals to release pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP). PACAP-receptor PAC1-antagonists abrogate the effects of EA, whereas PAC1-agonists mimic EA, prevent neurotoxicity, immunosuppression, and preserve BM hematopoiesis during cisplatin chemotherapy. Our results indicate that PAC1-agonists may provide therapeutic advantages during chemotherapy to treat patients with advanced neurotoxicity or neuropathies limiting EA efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shanshan Lu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yinan Gong
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Siru Qin
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Suhong Zhao
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shenjun Wang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxin Fang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongming Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Luis Ulloa
- Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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48
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Syndecan-2 expression enriches for hematopoietic stem cells and regulates stem cell repopulating capacity. Blood 2021; 139:188-204. [PMID: 34767029 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020010447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of novel hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) surface markers can enhance understanding of HSC identity and function. We have discovered a population of primitive bone marrow (BM) HSCs distinguished by their expression of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, Syndecan-2, which serves as both a marker and regulator of HSC function. Syndecan-2 expression was increased 10-fold in CD150+CD48-CD34-c-Kit+Sca-1+Lineage- cells (long-term - HSCs, LT-HSCs) compared to differentiated hematopoietic cells. Isolation of BM cells based solely on Syndecan-2 surface expression produced a 24-fold enrichment for LT-HSCs, 6-fold enrichment for alpha-catulin+c-kit+ HSCs, and yielded HSCs with superior in vivo repopulating capacity compared to CD150+ cells. Competitive repopulation assays revealed the HSC frequency to be 17-fold higher in Syndecan-2+CD34-KSL cells compared to Syndecan-2-CD34-KSL cells and indistinguishable from CD150+CD34-KSL cells. Syndecan-2 expression also identified nearly all repopulating HSCs within the CD150+CD34-KSL population. Mechanistically, Syndecan-2 regulates HSC repopulating capacity through control of expression of Cdkn1c (p57) and HSC quiescence. Loss of Syndecan-2 expression caused increased HSC cell cycle entry, downregulation of Cdkn1c and loss of HSC long-term - repopulating capacity. Syndecan-2 is a novel marker of HSCs which regulates HSC repopulating capacity via control of HSC quiescence.
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49
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Gilchrist AE, Serrano JF, Ngo MT, Hrnjak Z, Kim S, Harley BAC. Encapsulation of murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in a thiol-crosslinked maleimide-functionalized gelatin hydrogel. Acta Biomater 2021; 131:138-148. [PMID: 34161871 PMCID: PMC8373770 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterial platforms are an integral part of stem cell biomanufacturing protocols. The collective biophysical, biochemical, and cellular cues of the stem cell niche microenvironment play an important role in regulating stem cell fate decisions. Three-dimensional (3D) culture of stem cells within biomaterials provides a route to present biophysical and biochemical stimuli through cell-matrix interactions and cell-cell interactions via secreted biomolecules. Herein, we describe a maleimide-functionalized gelatin (GelMAL) hydrogel that can be crosslinked via thiol-Michael addition click reaction for the encapsulation of sensitive stem cell populations. The maleimide functional units along the gelatin backbone enables gelation via the addition of a dithiol crosslinker without requiring external stimuli (e.g., UV light, photoinitiator), thereby reducing reactive oxide species generation. Additionally, the versatility of crosslinker selection enables easy insertion of thiol-containing bioactive or bioinert motifs. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were encapsulated in GelMAL, with mechanical properties tuned to mimic the in vivo bone marrow niche. We report the insertion of a cleavable peptide crosslinker that can be degraded by the proteolytic action of Sortase A, a mammalian-inert enzyme. Notably, Sortase A exposure preserves stem cell surface markers, which are an essential metric of hematopoietic activity used in immunophenotyping. This novel GelMAL system enables a route to produce artificial stem cell niches with tunable biophysical properties, intrinsic cell-interaction motifs, and orthogonal addition of bioactive crosslinks. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We describe a maleimide-functionalized gelatin hydrogel that can be crosslinked via a thiol-maleimide mediated click reaction to form a stable hydrogel without the production of reactive oxygen species typical in light-based crosslinking. The mechanical properties can be tuned to match the in vivo bone marrow microenvironment for hematopoietic stem cell culture. Additionally, we report inclusion of a peptide crosslinker that can be cleaved via the proteolytic action of Sortase A and show that Sortase A exposure does not degrade sensitive surface marker expression patterns. Together, this approach reduces stem cell exposure to reactive oxygen species during hydrogel gelation and enables post-culture quantitative assessment of stem cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan E Gilchrist
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Julio F Serrano
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Mai T Ngo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zona Hrnjak
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sanha Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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50
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Budgude P, Kale V, Vaidya A. Pharmacological Inhibition of p38 MAPK Rejuvenates Bone Marrow Derived-Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Boosts their Hematopoietic Stem Cell-Supportive Ability. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:2210-2222. [PMID: 34420158 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic value of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for various regenerative medicine applications, including hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCT), has been well-established. Owing to their small numbers in vivo, it becomes necessary to expand them in vitro, which leads to a gradual loss of their regenerative capacity. Stress-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 (p38 MAPK) signaling has been shown to compromise the MSC functions. Therefore, we investigated whether pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK signaling rejuvenates the cultured MSCs and boosts their functionality. Indeed, we found that the ex vivo expanded MSCs show activated p38 MAPK signaling and exhibit increased oxidative stress. These MSCs show a decreased ability to secrete salutary niche factors, thereby compromising their ability to support hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation. We, therefore, attempted to rejuvenate the cultured MSCs by pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK - a strategy broadly known as "priming of MSCs". We demonstrate that priming of MSCs with a p-38 MAPK inhibitor, PD169316, boosts their niche-supportive functions via upregulation of various HSC-supportive transcription factors. These primed MSCs expand multipotent HSCs having superior homing and long-term reconstitution ability. These findings shed light on the significance of non-cell-autonomous mechanisms operative in the hematopoietic niche and point towards the possible use of pharmacological compounds for rejuvenation of ex vivo cultured MSCs. Such approaches could improve the outcome of regenerative therapies involving in vitro cultured MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Budgude
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Gram: Lavale, Taluka: Mulshi, Pune, 412115, India.,Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Gram: Lavale, Taluka: Mulshi, Pune, 412115, India
| | - Vaijayanti Kale
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Gram: Lavale, Taluka: Mulshi, Pune, 412115, India
| | - Anuradha Vaidya
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Gram: Lavale, Taluka: Mulshi, Pune, 412115, India. .,Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Gram: Lavale, Taluka: Mulshi, Pune, 412115, India.
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