1
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Garcia-Moreno FM, Ruiz-Espigares J, Gutiérrez-Naranjo MA, Marchal JA. Using deep learning for predicting the dynamic evolution of breast cancer migration. Comput Biol Med 2024; 180:108890. [PMID: 39068903 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) remains a prevalent health concern, with metastasis as the main driver of mortality. A detailed understanding of metastatic processes, particularly cell migration, is fundamental to improve therapeutic strategies. The wound healing assay, a traditional two-dimensional (2D) model, offers insights into cell migration but presents scalability issues due to data scarcity, arising from its manual and labor-intensive nature. METHOD To overcome these limitations, this study introduces the Prediction Wound Progression Framework (PWPF), an innovative approach utilizing Deep Learning (DL) and artificial data generation. The PWPF comprises a DL model initially trained on artificial data that simulates wound healing in MCF-7 BC cell monolayers and spheres, which is subsequently fine-tuned on real-world data. RESULTS Our results underscore the model's effectiveness in analyzing and predicting cell migration dynamics within the wound healing context, thus enhancing the usability of 2D models. The PWPF significantly contributes to a better understanding of cell migration processes in BC and expands the possibilities for research into wound healing mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS These advancements in automated cell migration analysis hold the potential for more comprehensive and scalable studies in the future. Our dataset, models, and code are publicly available at https://github.com/frangam/wound-healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M Garcia-Moreno
- Department of Software Engineering, Computer Science School, University of Granada, C/ Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda, s/n, Granada, 18014, Spain; Research Centre for Information and Communication Technologies (CITIC-UGR), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Jesús Ruiz-Espigares
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, E-18016, Spain; Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, 18016, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, E-18016, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Granada, E-18071, Spain
| | - Miguel A Gutiérrez-Naranjo
- Department of Computer Sciences and Artificial Intelligence, University of Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes, s/n, Sevilla, 41012, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, E-18016, Spain; Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, 18016, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, E-18016, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Granada, E-18071, Spain
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2
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Doğru D, Özdemir GD, Özdemir MA, Ercan UK, Topaloğlu Avşar N, Güren O. An automated in vitro wound healing microscopy image analysis approach utilizing U-net-based deep learning methodology. BMC Med Imaging 2024; 24:158. [PMID: 38914942 PMCID: PMC11197287 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-024-01332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of in vitro wound healing images is critical for determining the efficacy of the therapy-of-interest that may influence the wound healing process. Existing methods suffer significant limitations, such as user dependency, time-consuming nature, and lack of sensitivity, thus paving the way for automated analysis approaches. METHODS Hereby, three structurally different variations of U-net architectures based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) were implemented for the segmentation of in vitro wound healing microscopy images. The developed models were fed using two independent datasets after applying a novel augmentation method aimed at the more sensitive analysis of edges after the preprocessing. Then, predicted masks were utilized for the accurate calculation of wound areas. Eventually, the therapy efficacy-indicator wound areas were thoroughly compared with current well-known tools such as ImageJ and TScratch. RESULTS The average dice similarity coefficient (DSC) scores were obtained as 0.958 ∼ 0.968 for U-net-based deep learning models. The averaged absolute percentage errors (PE) of predicted wound areas to ground truth were 6.41%, 3.70%, and 3.73%, respectively for U-net, U-net++, and Attention U-net, while ImageJ and TScratch had considerable averaged error rates of 22.59% and 33.88%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Comparative analyses revealed that the developed models outperformed the conventional approaches in terms of analysis time and segmentation sensitivity. The developed models also hold great promise for the prediction of the in vitro wound area, regardless of the therapy-of-interest, cell line, magnification of the microscope, or other application-dependent parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Doğru
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gizem D Özdemir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet A Özdemir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Utku K Ercan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nermin Topaloğlu Avşar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Onan Güren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
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3
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Yang C, Yin D, Zhang H, Badea I, Yang SM, Zhang W. Cell Migration Assays and Their Application to Wound Healing Assays-A Critical Review. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:720. [PMID: 38930690 PMCID: PMC11205366 DOI: 10.3390/mi15060720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, cell migration assays (CMAs) have emerged as a tool to study the migration of cells along with their physiological responses under various stimuli, including both mechanical and bio-chemical properties. CMAs are a generic system in that they support various biological applications, such as wound healing assays. In this paper, we review the development of the CMA in the context of its application to wound healing assays. As such, the wound healing assay will be used to derive the requirements on CMAs. This paper will provide a comprehensive and critical review of the development of CMAs along with their application to wound healing assays. One salient feature of our methodology in this paper is the application of the so-called design thinking; namely we define the requirements of CMAs first and then take them as a benchmark for various developments of CMAs in the literature. The state-of-the-art CMAs are compared with this benchmark to derive the knowledge and technological gap with CMAs in the literature. We will also discuss future research directions for the CMA together with its application to wound healing assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China;
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Di Yin
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (D.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (D.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Ildiko Badea
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada;
| | - Shih-Mo Yang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China;
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
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4
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Ahn M, Cho WW, Park W, Lee JS, Choi MJ, Gao Q, Gao G, Cho DW, Kim BS. 3D biofabrication of diseased human skin models in vitro. Biomater Res 2023; 27:80. [PMID: 37608402 PMCID: PMC10464270 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human skin is an organ located in the outermost part of the body; thus, it frequently exhibits visible signs of physiological health. Ethical concerns and genetic differences in conventional animal studies have increased the need for alternative in vitro platforms that mimic the structural and functional hallmarks of natural skin. Despite significant advances in in vitro skin modeling over the past few decades, different reproducible biofabrication strategies are required to reproduce the pathological features of diseased human skin compared to those used for healthy-skin models. To explain human skin modeling with pathological hallmarks, we first summarize the structural and functional characteristics of healthy human skin. We then provide an extensive overview of how to recreate diseased human skin models in vitro, including models for wounded, diabetic, skin-cancer, atopic, and other pathological skin types. We conclude with an outlook on diseased-skin modeling and its technical perspective for the further development of skin engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Ahn
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 626841, Kyungnam, Korea
| | - Won-Woo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonbin Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ju Choi
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiqi Gao
- School of Medical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ge Gao
- School of Medical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Dong-Woo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byoung Soo Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 626841, Kyungnam, Korea.
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Vilela de Sousa I, Ferreira MJS, Bebiano LB, Simões S, Matos AF, Pereira RF, Granja PL. Skin models of cutaneous toxicity, transdermal transport and wound repair. BURNS & TRAUMA 2023; 11:tkad014. [PMID: 37520659 PMCID: PMC10382248 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Skin is widely used as a drug delivery route due to its easy access and the possibility of using relatively painless methods for the administration of bioactive molecules. However, the barrier properties of the skin, along with its multilayer structure, impose severe restrictions on drug transport and bioavailability. Thus, bioengineered models aimed at emulating the skin have been developed not only for optimizing the transdermal transport of different drugs and testing the safety and toxicity of substances but also for understanding the biological processes behind skin wounds. Even though in vivo research is often preferred to study biological processes involving the skin, in vitro and ex vivo strategies have been gaining increasing relevance in recent years. Indeed, there is a noticeably increasing adoption of in vitro and ex vivo methods by internationally accepted guidelines. Furthermore, microfluidic organ-on-a-chip devices are nowadays emerging as valuable tools for functional and behavioural skin emulation. Challenges in miniaturization, automation and reliability still need to be addressed in order to create skin models that can predict skin behaviour in a robust, high-throughput manner, while being compliant with regulatory issues, standards and guidelines. In this review, skin models for transdermal transport, wound repair and cutaneous toxicity will be discussed with a focus on high-throughput strategies. Novel microfluidic strategies driven by advancements in microfabrication technologies will also be revised as a way to improve the efficiency of existing models, both in terms of complexity and throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luís B Bebiano
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- ISEP - Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Simões
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Matos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rúben F Pereira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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6
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Flynn K, Mahmoud NN, Sharifi S, Gould LJ, Mahmoudi M. Chronic Wound Healing Models. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:783-801. [PMID: 37200810 PMCID: PMC10186367 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we review and analyze the commonly available wound healing models reported in the literature and discuss their advantages and issues, considering their relevance and translational potential to humans. Our analysis includes different in vitro and in silico as well as in vivo models and experimental techniques. We further explore the new technologies in the study of wound healing to provide an all encompassing review of the most efficient ways to proceed with wound healing experiments. We revealed that there is not one model of wound healing that is superior and can give translatable results to human research. Rather, there are many different models that have specific uses for studying certain processes or stages of wound healing. Our analysis suggests that when performing an experiment to assess stages of wound healing or different therapies to enhance healing, one must consider not only the species that will be used but also the type of model and how this can best replicate the physiology or pathophysiology in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiley Flynn
- Department
of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1312, United States
| | - Nouf N. Mahmoud
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of
Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Shahriar Sharifi
- Department
of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1312, United States
| | - Lisa J. Gould
- Department
of Surgery, South Shore Hospital, South Weymouth, Massachusetts 02190, United States
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Department
of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1312, United States
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7
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Ahmad N. In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization Methods for Evaluation of Modern Wound Dressings. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010042. [PMID: 36678671 PMCID: PMC9864730 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wound management represents a major challenge in the healthcare sector owing to its delayed wound-healing process progression and huge financial burden. In this regard, wound dressings provide an appropriate platform for facilitating wound healing for several decades. However, adherent traditional wound dressings do not provide effective wound healing for highly exudating chronic wounds and need the development of newer and innovative wound dressings to facilitate accelerated wound healing. In addition, these dressings need frequent changing, resulting in more pain and discomfort. In order to overcome these issues, a wide range of affordable and innovative modern wound dressings have been developed and explored recently to accelerate and improve the wound healing process. However, a comprehensive understanding of various in vitro and in vivo characterization methods being utilized for the evaluation of different modern wound dressings is lacking. In this context, an overview of modern dressings and their complete in vitro and in vivo characterization methods for wound healing assessment is provided in this review. Herein, various emerging modern wound dressings with advantages and challenges have also been reviewed. Furthermore, different in vitro wound healing assays and in vivo wound models being utilized for the evaluation of wound healing progression and wound healing rate using wound dressings are discussed in detail. Finally, a summary of modern wound dressings with challenges and the future outlook is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Urciuolo F, Passariello R, Imparato G, Casale C, Netti PA. Bioengineered Wound Healing Skin Models: The Role of Immune Response and Endogenous ECM to Fully Replicate the Dynamic of Scar Tissue Formation In Vitro. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9060233. [PMID: 35735476 PMCID: PMC9219817 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9060233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The healing of deep skin wounds is a complex phenomenon evolving according with a fine spatiotemporal regulation of different biological events (hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Due to the spontaneous evolution of damaged human dermis toward a fibrotic scar, the treatment of deep wounds still represents a clinical concern. Bioengineered full-thickness skin models may play a crucial role in this direction by providing a deep understanding of the process that leads to the formation of fibrotic scars. This will allow (i) to identify new drugs and targets/biomarkers, (ii) to test new therapeutic approaches, and (iii) to develop more accurate in silico models, with the final aim to guide the closure process toward a scar-free closure and, in a more general sense, (iv) to understand the mechanisms involved in the intrinsic and extrinsic aging of the skin. In this work, the complex dynamic of events underlaying the closure of deep skin wound is presented and the engineered models that aim at replicating such complex phenomenon are reviewed. Despite the complexity of the cellular and extracellular events occurring during the skin wound healing the gold standard assay used to replicate such a process is still represented by planar in vitro models that have been largely used to identify the key factors regulating the involved cellular processes. However, the lack of the main constituents of the extracellular matrix (ECM) makes these over-simplistic 2D models unable to predict the complexity of the closure process. Three-dimensional bioengineered models, which aim at recreating the closure dynamics of the human dermis by using exogenous biomaterials, have been developed to fill such a gap. Although interesting mechanistic effects have been figured out, the effect of the inflammatory response on the ECM remodelling is not replicated yet. We discuss how more faithful wound healing models can be obtained by creating immunocompetent 3D dermis models featuring an endogenous ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Urciuolo
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; (C.C.); (P.A.N.)
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI), University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Roberta Passariello
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI), University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy;
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giorgia Imparato
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Costantino Casale
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; (C.C.); (P.A.N.)
| | - Paolo Antonio Netti
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; (C.C.); (P.A.N.)
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI), University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy;
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy;
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9
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Chen S, Zhang S, Wang Y, Yang X, Yang H, Cui C. Anti-EpCAM functionalized graphene oxide vector for tumor targeted siRNA delivery and cancer therapy. Asian J Pharm Sci 2021; 16:598-611. [PMID: 34849165 PMCID: PMC8609427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as a potential drug delivery vector. For siRNA delivery, GO should be modified to endow it with gene delivery ability and targeting effect. However, the cationic materials used previously usually had greater toxicity. In this study, GO was modified with a non-toxicity cationic material (chitosan) and a tumor specific monoclonal antibody (anti-EpCAM) for the delivery of survivin-siRNA (GCE/siRNA). And the vector (GCE) prepared was proved with excellent biosafety and tumor targeting effect. The GCE exhibited superior performance in loading siRNA, maintained stability in different solutions and showed excellent protection effect for survivin-siRNA in vitro. The gene silencing results in vitro showed that the mRNA level and protein level were down-regulated by 48.24% ± 2.50% and 44.12% ± 3.03%, respectively, which was equal with positive control (P > 0.05). It was also demonstrated that GCE/siRNA had a strong antitumor effect in vitro, which was attributed to the efficient antiproliferation, and migration and invasion inhibition effect of GCE/siRNA. The results in vivo indicated that GCE could accumulate siRNA in tumor tissues. The tumor inhibition rate of GCE/siRNA 54.74% ± 5.51% was significantly higher than control 4.87% ± 8.49%. Moreover, GCE/siRNA showed no toxicity for blood and main organs, suggesting that it is a biosafety carrier for gene delivery. Taken together, this study provides a novel design strategy for gene delivery system and siRNA formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 10069, China.,Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing 10069, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 10069, China.,Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing 10069, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 10069, China.,Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing 10069, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 10069, China.,Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing 10069, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Yanjing Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Chunying Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 10069, China.,Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing 10069, China
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10
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Péter B, Boldizsár I, Kovács GM, Erdei A, Bajtay Z, Vörös A, Ramsden JJ, Szabó I, Bősze S, Horvath R. Natural Compounds as Target Biomolecules in Cellular Adhesion and Migration: From Biomolecular Stimulation to Label-Free Discovery and Bioactivity-Based Isolation. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1781. [PMID: 34944597 PMCID: PMC8698624 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants and fungi can be used for medical applications because of their accumulation of special bioactive metabolites. These substances might be beneficial to human health, exerting also anti-inflammatory and anticancer (antiproliferative) effects. We propose that they are mediated by influencing cellular adhesion and migration via various signaling pathways and by directly inactivating key cell adhesion surface receptor sites. The evidence for this proposition is reviewed (by summarizing the natural metabolites and their effects influencing cellular adhesion and migration), along with the classical measuring techniques used to gain such evidence. We systematize existing knowledge concerning the mechanisms of how natural metabolites affect adhesion and movement, and their role in gene expression as well. We conclude by highlighting the possibilities to screen natural compounds faster and more easily by applying new label-free methods, which also enable a far greater degree of quantification than the conventional methods used hitherto. We have systematically classified recent studies regarding the effects of natural compounds on cellular adhesion and movement, characterizing the active substances according to their organismal origin (plants, animals or fungi). Finally, we also summarize the results of recent studies and experiments on SARS-CoV-2 treatments by natural extracts affecting mainly the adhesion and entry of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Péter
- Nanobiosensorics Group, Research Centre for Energy Research, Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, Konkoly-Thege u 29-33, 1120 Budapest, Hungary; (A.V.); (R.H.)
| | - Imre Boldizsár
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.B.); (G.M.K.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor M. Kovács
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.B.); (G.M.K.)
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Erdei
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.E.); (Z.B.)
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Bajtay
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.E.); (Z.B.)
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Vörös
- Nanobiosensorics Group, Research Centre for Energy Research, Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, Konkoly-Thege u 29-33, 1120 Budapest, Hungary; (A.V.); (R.H.)
| | - Jeremy J. Ramsden
- Clore Laboratory, University of Buckingham, Buckingham MK18 1EG, UK;
| | - Ildikó Szabó
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.S.); (S.B.)
- National Public Health Center, Albert Flórián út 2-6, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.S.); (S.B.)
- National Public Health Center, Albert Flórián út 2-6, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Robert Horvath
- Nanobiosensorics Group, Research Centre for Energy Research, Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, Konkoly-Thege u 29-33, 1120 Budapest, Hungary; (A.V.); (R.H.)
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11
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In vitro methods used for discovering plant derived products as wound healing agents - An update on the cell types and rationale. Fitoterapia 2021; 154:105026. [PMID: 34480992 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.105026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Wounds still pose a huge burden on human health and healthcare systems in many parts of the world. Phytomedicines are being used to heal the wounds since ancient times. Now-a-days also many researchers are exploring the wound healing activity of phytomedicines. Wound healing is a complex process thus, it is always a question mark regarding the best test model (in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro) model to assess the wound healing activity of phytomedicines. In general, the researchers would opt for in vivo model - probably because of closer physiological relevance to human wounds. However, in vivo experimental models are not suitable for high throughput screening and not ethical in terms of initial screening of the phytomedicines. The in vivo models are associated with difficulties in obtaining the ethical approvals, requires huge budget, and resources. We argue that judicious selection of cell types would serve the purpose of developing a physiologically relevant in vitro experimental model. A lot of progress has been made in molecular biology techniques to bridge the gap between in vitro models and their physiological relevance. The in vitro models are the best suited for high throughput screening and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms. The main aim of this review is to provide insights on selection of the cell types for developing physiologically relevant in vitro wound healing assays, which can be used to improve the value of phytomedicines further.
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12
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Das SL, Bose P, Lejeune E, Reich DH, Chen C, Eyckmans J. Extracellular Matrix Alignment Directs Provisional Matrix Assembly and Three Dimensional Fibrous Tissue Closure. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 27:1447-1457. [PMID: 33979548 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gap closure is a dynamic process in wound healing, in which a wound contracts and a provisional matrix is laid down, to restore structural integrity to injured tissues. The efficiency of wound closure has been found to depend on the shape of a wound, and this shape dependence has been echoed in various in vitro studies. While wound shape itself appears to contribute to this effect, it remains unclear whether the alignment of the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) may also contribute. In this study, we investigate the role both wound curvature and ECM alignment have on gap closure in a 3D culture model of fibrous tissue. Using microfabricated flexible micropillars positioned in rectangular and octagonal arrangements, seeded 3T3 fibroblasts embedded in a collagen matrix formed microtissues with different ECM alignments. Wounding these microtissues with a microsurgical knife resulted in wounds with different shapes and curvatures that closed at different rates. Observing different regions around the wounds, we noted local wound curvature did not impact the rate of production of provisional fibronectin matrix assembled by the fibroblasts. Instead, the rate of provisional matrix assembly was lowest emerging from regions of high fibronectin alignment and highest in the areas of low matrix alignment. Our data suggest that the underlying ECM structure affects the shape of the wound as well as the ability of fibroblasts to build provisional matrix, an important step in the process of tissue closure and restoration of tissue architecture. The study highlights an important interplay between ECM alignment, wound shape, and tissue healing that has not been previously recognized and may inform approaches to engineer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoshana L Das
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Prasenjit Bose
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emma Lejeune
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel H Reich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeroen Eyckmans
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Kauanova S, Urazbayev A, Vorobjev I. The Frequent Sampling of Wound Scratch Assay Reveals the "Opportunity" Window for Quantitative Evaluation of Cell Motility-Impeding Drugs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:640972. [PMID: 33777948 PMCID: PMC7991799 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing assay performed with automated microscopy is widely used in drug testing, cancer cell analysis, and similar approaches. It is easy to perform, and the results are reproducible. However, it is usually used as a semi-quantitative approach because of inefficient image segmentation in transmitted light microscopy. Recently, several algorithms for wound healing quantification were suggested, but none of them was tested on a large dataset. In the current study, we develop a pipeline allowing to achieve correct segmentation of the wound edges in >95% of pictures and extended statistical data processing to eliminate errors of cell culture artifacts. Using this tool, we collected data on wound healing dynamics of 10 cell lines with 10 min time resolution. We determine that the overall kinetics of wound healing is non-linear; however, all cell lines demonstrate linear wound closure dynamics in a 6-h window between the fifth and 12th hours after scratching. We next analyzed microtubule-inhibiting drugs’, nocodazole, vinorelbine, and Taxol, action on the kinetics of wound healing in the drug concentration-dependent way. Within this time window, the measurements of velocity of the cell edge allow the detection of statistically significant data when changes did not exceed 10–15%. All cell lines show decrease in the wound healing velocity at millimolar concentrations of microtubule inhibitors. However, dose-dependent response was cell line specific and drug specific. Cell motility was completely inhibited (edge velocity decreased 100%), while in others, it decreased only slightly (not more than 50%). Nanomolar doses (10–100 nM) of microtubule inhibitors in some cases even elevated cell motility. We speculate that anti-microtubule drugs might have specific effects on cell motility not related to the inhibition of the dynamic instability of microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sholpan Kauanova
- School of Science and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Arshat Urazbayev
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Ivan Vorobjev
- School of Science and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.,National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
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14
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Ruggeri M, Bianchi E, Rossi S, Vigani B, Bonferoni MC, Caramella C, Sandri G, Ferrari F. Nanotechnology-Based Medical Devices for the Treatment of Chronic Skin Lesions: From Research to the Clinic. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12090815. [PMID: 32867241 PMCID: PMC7559814 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds, such as pressure ulcers, diabetic ulcers, venous ulcers and arterial insufficiency ulcers, are lesions that fail to proceed through the normal healing process within a period of 12 weeks. The treatment of skin chronic wounds still represents a great challenge. Wound medical devices (MDs) range from conventional and advanced dressings, up to skin grafts, but none of these are generally recognized as a gold standard. Based on recent developments, this paper reviews nanotechnology-based medical devices intended as skin substitutes. In particular, nanofibrous scaffolds are promising platforms for wound healing, especially due to their similarity to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and their capability to promote cell adhesion and proliferation, and to restore skin integrity, when grafted into the wound site. Nanotechnology-based scaffolds are emphasized here. The discussion will be focused on the definition of critical quality attributes (chemical and physical characterization, stability, particle size, surface properties, release of nanoparticles from MDs, sterility and apyrogenicity), the preclinical evaluation (biocompatibility testing, alternative in vitro tests for irritation and sensitization, wound healing test and animal wound models), the clinical evaluation and the CE (European Conformity) marking of nanotechnology-based MDs.
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15
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Dundar B, Markwell SM, Sharma NV, Olson CL, Mukherjee S, Brat DJ. Methods for in vitro modeling of glioma invasion: Choosing tools to meet the need. Glia 2020; 68:2173-2191. [PMID: 32134155 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Widespread tumor cell invasion is a fundamental property of diffuse gliomas and is ultimately responsible for their poor prognosis. A greater understanding of basic mechanisms underlying glioma invasion is needed to provide insights into therapies that could potentially counteract them. While none of the currently available in vitro models can fully recapitulate the complex interactions of glioma cells within the brain tumor microenvironment, if chosen and developed appropriately, these models can provide controlled experimental settings to study molecular and cellular phenomena that are challenging or impossible to model in vivo. Therefore, selecting the most appropriate in vitro model, together with its inherent advantages and limitations, for specific hypotheses and experimental questions achieves primary significance. In this review, we describe and discuss commonly used methods for modeling and studying glioma invasion in vitro, including platforms, matrices, cell culture, and visualization techniques, so that choices for experimental approach are informed and optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Dundar
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Steven M Markwell
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nitya V Sharma
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cheryl L Olson
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Subhas Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel J Brat
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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16
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A microfluidics-based wound-healing assay for studying the effects of shear stresses, wound widths, and chemicals on the wound-healing process. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20016. [PMID: 31882962 PMCID: PMC6934480 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration plays important roles in various physiological processes. To investigate this collective cellular movement, various wound-healing assays have been developed. In these assays, a “wound” is created mechanically, chemically, optically, or electrically out of a cellular monolayer. Most of these assays are subject to drawbacks of run-to-run variations in wound size/shape and damages to cells/substrate. Moreover, in all these assays, cells are cultured in open, static (non-circulating) environments. In this study, we reported a microfluidics-based wound-healing assay by using the trypsin flow-focusing technique. Fibroblasts were first cultured inside this chip to a cellular monolayer. Then three parallel fluidic flows (containing normal medium and trypsin solution) were introduced into the channels, and cells exposed to protease trypsin were enzymatically detached from the surface. Wounds of three different widths were generated, and subsequent wound-healing processes were observed. This assay is capable of creating three or more wounds of different widths for investigating the effects of various physical and chemical stimuli on wound-healing speeds. The effects of shear stresses, wound widths, and β-lapachone (a wound healing-promoting chemical) on wound-healing speeds were studied. It was found that the wound-healing speed (total area healed per unit time) increased with increasing shear stress and wound width, but under a shear stress of 0.174 mPa the linear healing speed (percent area healed per unit time) was independent of the wound width. Also, the addition of β-lapachone up to 0.5 μM did not accelerate wound healing. This microfluidics-based assay can definitely help in understanding the mechanisms of the wound-healing process and developing new wound-healing therapies.
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17
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Development and Evaluation of a Prototype Scratch Apparatus for Wound Assays Adjustable to Different Forces and Substrates. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9204414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Scratch assays enable the study of the migration process of an injured adherent cell layer in vitro. An apparatus for the reproducible performance of scratch assays and cell harvesting has been developed that meets the requirements for reproducibility in tests as well as easy handling. The entirely autoclavable setup is divided into a sample translation and a scratching system. The translational system is compatible with standard culture dishes and can be modified to adapt to different cell culture systems, while the scratching system can be adjusted according to angle, normal force, shape, and material to adapt to specific questions and demanding substrates. As a result, a fully functional prototype can be presented. This system enables the creation of reproducible and clear scratch edges with a low scratch border roughness within a monolayer of cells. Moreover, the apparatus allows the collection of the migrated cells after scratching for further molecular biological investigations without the need for a second processing step. For comparison, the mechanical properties of manually performed scratch assays are evaluated.
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18
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Effects of Substrate-Coating Materials on the Wound-Healing Process. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12172775. [PMID: 31470524 PMCID: PMC6747784 DOI: 10.3390/ma12172775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The wound-healing assay is commonly and widely used for investigating collective cell migration under various physical and chemical stimuli. Substrate-coating materials are shown to affect the wound-healing process in a cell-type dependent manner. However, experiment-to-experiment variations make it difficult to compare results from different assays. In this paper, a modified barrier wound-healing assay was reported for studying the wound-healing process on different substrates in one single petri dish. In short, half of a dish was covered with the tape, and coating materials, poly-l-lysine and gelatin, were applied to the surface. After peeling off the tape, half of the surface was coated with the desired material. Then a customized barrier was placed inside the dish to create the wound. The results indicated that surface coating did not affect cell proliferation/viability, and the wound-healing rate increased in coated surfaces compared to uncoated ones. The present study provides a platform for further understanding the mechanisms of substrate coating-dependent wound-healing processes.
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19
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Fernandez-Gutierrez MM, van Zessen DBH, van Baarlen P, Kleerebezem M, Stubbs AP. KREAP: an automated Galaxy platform to quantify in vitro re-epithelialization kinetics. Gigascience 2018; 7:5046608. [PMID: 29961849 PMCID: PMC6048990 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giy078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In vitro scratch assays have been widely used to study the influence of bioactive substances on the processes of cell migration and proliferation that are involved in re-epithelialization. The development of high-throughput microscopy and image analysis has enabled scratch assays to become compatible with high-throughput research. However, effective processing and in-depth analysis of such high-throughput image datasets are far from trivial and require integration of multiple image processing and data extraction software tools. Findings We developed and implemented a kinetic re-epithelialization analysis pipeline (KREAP) in Galaxy. The KREAP toolbox incorporates freely available image analysis tools and automatically performs image segmentation and feature extraction of each image series, followed by automatic quantification of cells inside and outside the scratched area over time. The enumeration of infiltrating cells over time is modeled to extract three biologically relevant parameters that describe re-epithelialization kinetics. The output of the tools is organized, displayed, and saved in the Galaxy environment for future reference. Conclusions The KREAP toolbox in Galaxy provides an open-source, easy-to-use, web-based platform for reproducible image processing and data analysis of high-throughput scratch assays. The KREAP toolbox could assist a broad scientific community in the discovery of compounds that are able to modulate re-epithelialization kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela M Fernandez-Gutierrez
- TI Food and Nutrition, Nieuwe Kanaal 9-A, 6709 PA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Host-Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - David B H van Zessen
- Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van Baarlen
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Kleerebezem
- TI Food and Nutrition, Nieuwe Kanaal 9-A, 6709 PA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Host-Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew P Stubbs
- Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Zhang Y, Judson RL. Evaluation of holographic imaging cytometer holomonitor M4® motility applications. Cytometry A 2018; 93:1125-1131. [PMID: 30343513 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Digital holographic cytometry (DHC) and other methods of quantitative phase imaging permit extended time-lapse imaging of mammalian cells in the absence of induced cellular toxicity. Manufactured DHC platforms equipped with semi-automated image acquisition, segmentation, and analysis software packages (or modules) for assessing cell behavior are now commercially available. When housed in mammalian cell incubators these cytometers offer the potential to monitor and quantify a range of cellular behaviors without disrupting routine culture. Realization of this potential requires validation against established standards. Two proprietary software modules for assessing cellular motility available using the HoloMonitor M4 DHC platform were evaluated on human melanoma cells lines with known relative motility and metastatic potential. One such software package, the Track Cells module, was run during routine culture. In addition, the Wound Healing module was conducted in parallel with established transwell migration and invasion assays. Each module was evaluated for reproducibility and correlation to established assays. Both software modules reliably recorded increased cellular motility in the metastatic 1205Lu line as compared with the non-metastatic WM793 line. In a direct comparison of the two propriety DHC software modules and two established transwell assays, the relative cell motilities were well correlated. The granularity of data provided by the Track Cells module permitted the additional identification of rare hyper-motile cells in the metastatic population and the distinction of motility from division associated displacement. The two HoloMonitor M4 DHC proprietary software modules for assessing cellular motility yielded reproducible results that were well-correlated with established standards. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntian Zhang
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143.,Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94115
| | - Robert L Judson
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143.,Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94115
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21
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Vang Mouritzen M, Jenssen H. Optimized Scratch Assay for In Vitro Testing of Cell Migration with an Automated Optical Camera. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30148500 DOI: 10.3791/57691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is an important process that influences many aspects of health, such as wound healing and cancer, and it is, therefore, crucial for developing methods to study the migration. The scratch assay has long been the most common in vitro method to test compounds with anti- and pro-migration properties because of its low cost and simple procedure. However, an often-reported problem of the assay is the accumulation of cells across the edge of the scratch. Furthermore, to obtain data from the assay, images of different exposures must be taken over a period of time at the exact same spot to compare the movements of the migration. Different analysis programs can be used to describe the scratch closure, but they are labor intensive, inaccurate, and forces cycles of temperature changes. In this study, we demonstrate an optimized method for testing the migration effect, e.g. with the naturally occurring proteins Human- and Bovine-Lactoferrin and their N-terminal peptide Lactoferricin on the epithelial cell line HaCaT. A crucial optimization is to wash and scratch in PBS, which eliminates the aforementioned accumulation of cells along the edge. This could be explained by the removal of cations, which have been shown to have an effect on keratinocyte cell-cell connection. To ensure true detection of migration, pre-treating with mitomycin C, a DNA synthesis inhibitor, was added to the protocol. Finally, we demonstrate the automated optical camera, which eliminates excessive temperature cycles, manual labor with scratch closure analysis, while improving on reproducibility and ensuring analysis of identical sections of the scratch over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Håvard Jenssen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University;
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22
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Ashtikar M, Wacker MG. Nanopharmaceuticals for wound healing - Lost in translation? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:194-218. [PMID: 29567397 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Today, many of the newly developed pharmaceuticals and medical devices take advantage of nanotechnology and with a rising incidence of chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, the number of patients afflicted globally with non-healing wounds is growing. This has created a requirement for improved therapies and wound care. However, converting the strategies applied in early research into new products is still challenging. Many of them fail to comply with the market requirements. This review discusses the legal and scientific challenges in the design of nanomedicines for wound healing. Are they lost in translation or is there a new generation of therapeutics in the pipeline?
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Ashtikar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Nanosciences, Fraunhofer-Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Frankfurt, Germany; Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Matthias G Wacker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Nanosciences, Fraunhofer-Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Frankfurt, Germany; Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
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23
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Luan S, Hao R, Wei Y, Chen D, Fan B, Dong F, Guo W, Wang J, Chen J. A microfabricated 96-well wound-healing assay. Cytometry A 2017; 91:1192-1199. [PMID: 29156109 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a microfabricated 96-well wound-healing assay enabling high-throughput measurement of cellular migration capabilities. Within each well, the middle area is the wound region, made of microfabricated gold surface with self-assembled PEG repellent for cell seeding. After the formation of a cellular confluent monolayer around the wound region, collagen solution was applied to form three-dimensional matrix to cover the PEG surface, initiating the wound-healing process. By interpreting the numbers of migrated cells into the wound regions as a function of specific stimuli with different concentrations, EC50 (half-maximal effective concentration) was obtained. Using H1299 as a model, values of EC50 were quantified as 8% and 160 ng/ml for fetal bovine serum and CXCL12, respectively. In addition, the values of EC50 were demonstrated not to be affected by variations in compositions of extracellular matrix and geometries of wounds, which can thus be regarded as an intrinsic marker. Furthermore, the migration capabilities of a second cell type (HeLa) were characterized by the developed wound-healing assay, producing EC50 of 2% when fetal bovine serum was used as the stimuli. These results validated the proposed high-throughput wound-healing assay, which may function as an enabling tool in studying cellular capabilities of migration and invasion. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoliang Luan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Clinical Division of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Univesity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanchen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Deyong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Univesity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Beiyuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Univesity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengliang Dong
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Clinical Division of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Junbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Univesity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Univesity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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24
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Hsieh HY, Jou YC, Tung CL, Tsai YS, Wang YH, Chi CL, Lin RI, Hung SK, Chuang YM, Wu SF, Li C, Shen CH, Chan MWY, Hsu CD. Epigenetic silencing of the dual-role signal mediator, ANGPTL4 in tumor tissues and its overexpression in the urothelial carcinoma microenvironment. Oncogene 2017; 37:673-686. [PMID: 29035390 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) carcinogenesis has been hypothesized to occur through epigenetic repression of tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs). By quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction array, we found that one potential TSG, angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), was expressed at very low levels in all bladder cancer cell lines we examined. Previous studies had demonstrated that ANGPTL4 is highly expressed in some cancers, but downregulated, by DNA methylation, in others. Consequently, owing to these seemingly conflicting functions in distinct cancers, the precise role of ANGPTL4 in the etiology of UC remains unclear. In this study, using methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite pyrosequencing, we show that ANGPTL4 is transcriptionally repressed by DNA methylation in UC cell lines and primary tumor samples, as compared with adjacent noncancerous bladder epithelium. Functional studies further demonstrated that ectopic expression of ANGPTL4 potently suppressed UC cell proliferation, monolayer colony formation in vitro, and invasion, migration, and xenograft formation in vivo. Surprisingly, circulating ANGPTL4 was significantly higher in plasma samples from UC patients than normal control, suggesting it might be secreted from other cell types. Interestingly, our data also indicated that exogenous cANGPTL4 could promote cell proliferation and cell migration via activation of signaling through the Erk/focal adhesion kinase axis. We further confirmed that mouse xenograft tumor growth could be promoted by administration of exogenous cANGPTL4. Finally, immunohistochemistry demonstrated that ANGPTL4 was downregulated in tumor cells but overexpressed in tumor adjacent stromal tissues of muscle-invasive UC tissue samples. In conclusion, our data support dual roles for ANGPTL4 in UC progression, either as a tumor suppressor or oncogene, in response to microenvironmental context.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-Y Hsieh
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Fountain Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Y-C Jou
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - C-L Tung
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Y-S Tsai
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Y-H Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - C-L Chi
- Department of Pathology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - R-I Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - S-K Hung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Y-M Chuang
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - S-F Wu
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - C Li
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - C-H Shen
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - M W Y Chan
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - C-D Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Fountain Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Planz V, Wang J, Windbergs M. Establishment of a cell-based wound healing assay for bio-relevant testing of wound therapeutics. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2017; 89:19-25. [PMID: 29038019 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Predictive in vitro testing of novel wound therapeutics requires adequate cell-based bio-assays. Such assays represent an integral part during preclinical development as pre-step before entering in vivo studies. Simple "scratch tests" based on defected skin cell monolayers exist, however these can solely be used for testing liquids, as cell monolayer destruction and excessive hydration limit their applicability for (semi-)solid systems like wound dressings. In this context, a cell-based wound healing assay is introduced for rapid and predictive testing of wound therapeutics independent of their physical state in a bio-relevant environment. METHODS A novel wound healing assay was established for bio-relevant and predictive testing of (semi-) solid wound therapeutics. RESULTS The assay allows for physiologically relevant hydration of the tested wound therapeutics at the air-liquid interface and their removal without cell monolayer disruption. In a proof-of-concept study, the applicability and discriminative power could be demonstrated by examining unloaded and drug-loaded wound dressings with two different established wound healing actives (dexpanthenol and metyrapone) and their effect on skin cell behavior. The influence of the released drug on the cells´ healing behavior could successfully be monitored over time. Wound size assessment after 96h resulted in an eight fold smaller wound area for drug treated models compared to the ones treated with unloaded fibers and non-treated wounds. DISCUSSION This assay provides valuable first insights towards the establishment of a valid screening and evaluation tool for preclinical wound therapeutic development from liquid to (semi-)solid systems to improve predictability in a simple, yet standardized way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Planz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Saarland University, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Saarland University, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Maike Windbergs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Saarland University, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany.
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Cardona A, Ariza-Jiménez L, Uribe D, Arroyave JC, Galeano J, Cortés-Mancera FM. Bio-EdIP: An automatic approach for in vitro cell confluence images quantification. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 145:23-33. [PMID: 28552123 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cell imaging is a widely-employed technique to analyze multiple biological processes. Therefore, simple, accurate and quantitative tools are needed to understand cellular events. For this purpose, Bio-EdIP was developed as a user-friendly tool to quantify confluence levels using cell culture images. METHODS The proposed algorithm combines a pre-processing step with subsequent stages that involve local processing techniques and a morphological reconstruction-based segmentation algorithm. Segmentation performance was assessed in three constructed image sets, comparing F-measure scores and AUC values (ROC analysis) for Bio-EdIP, its previous version and TScratch. Furthermore, segmentation results were compared with published algorithms using eight public benchmarks. RESULTS Bio-EdIP automatically segmented cell-free regions from images of in vitro cell culture. Based on mean F-measure scores and ROC analysis, Bio-EdIP conserved a high performance regardless of image characteristics of the constructed dataset, when compared with its previous version and TScratch. Although acquisition quality of the public dataset affected Bio-EdIP segmentation, performance was better in two out of eight public sets. CONCLUSIONS Bio-EdIP is a user-friendly interface, which is useful for the automatic analysis of confluence levels and cell growth processes using in vitro cell culture images. Here, we also presented new manually annotated data for algorithms evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Cardona
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (GI(2)B), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano (ITM), Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Leandro Ariza-Jiménez
- Grupo de Investigación en Modelado Matemático (GRIMMAT), Escuela de Ciencias, Universidad EAFIT, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Diego Uribe
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (GI(2)B), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano (ITM), Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Johanna C Arroyave
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (GI(2)B), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano (ITM), Medellín, Colombia.
| | - July Galeano
- Grupo de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados y Energía (MATyER), Facultad de Ingenierías, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano (ITM), Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Fabian M Cortés-Mancera
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (GI(2)B), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano (ITM), Medellín, Colombia.
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27
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Ascione F, Caserta S, Guido S. The wound healing assay revisited: A transport phenomena approach. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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A novel approach to quantify the wound closure dynamic. Exp Cell Res 2017; 352:175-183. [PMID: 28137539 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Wound Healing (WH) assay is widely used to investigate cell migration in vitro, in order to reach a better understanding of many physiological and pathological phenomena. Several experimental factors, such as uneven cell density among different samples, can affect the reproducibility and reliability of this assay, leading to a discrepancy in the wound closure kinetics among data sets corresponding to the same cell sample. We observed a linear relationship between the wound closure velocity and cell density, and suggested a novel methodological approach, based on transport phenomena concepts, to overcome this source of error on the analysis of the Wound Healing assay. In particular, we propose a simple scaling of the experimental data, based on the interpretation of the wound closure as a diffusion-reaction process. We applied our methodology to the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, whose motility was perturbed by silencing or over-expressing genes involved in the control of cell migration. Our methodological approach leads to a significant improvement in the reproducibility and reliability in the in vitro WH assay.
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Holt AW, Howard WE, Ables ET, George SM, Kukoly CA, Rabidou JE, Francisco JT, Chukwu AN, Tulis DA. Making the cut: Innovative methods for optimizing perfusion-based migration assays. Cytometry A 2016; 91:270-280. [PMID: 27984679 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Application of fluid shear stress to adherent cells dramatically influences their cytoskeletal makeup and differentially regulates their migratory phenotype. Because cytoskeletal rearrangements are necessary for cell motility and migration, preserving these adaptations under in vitro conditions and in the presence of fluid flow are physiologically essential. With this in mind, parallel plate flow chambers and microchannels are often used to conduct in vitro perfusion experiments. However, both of these systems currently lack capacity to accurately study cell migration in the same location where cells were perfused. The most common perfusion/migration assays involve cell perfusion followed by trypsinization which can compromise adaptive cytoskeletal geometry and lead to misleading phenotypic conclusions. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively highlight some limitations commonly found with currently used cell migration approaches and to introduce two new advances which use additive manufacturing (3D printing) or laser capture microdissection (LCM) technology. The residue-free 3D printed insert allows accurate cell seeding within defined areas, increases cell yield for downstream analyses, and more closely resembles the reported levels of fluid shear stress calculated with computational fluid dynamics as compared to other residue-free cell seeding techniques. The LCM approach uses an ultraviolet laser for "touchless technology" to rapidly and accurately introduce a custom-sized wound area in otherwise inaccessible perfusion microchannels. The wound area introduced by LCM elicits comparable migration characteristics compared to traditional pipette tip-induced injuries. When used in perfusion experiments, both of these newly characterized tools were effective in yielding similar results yet without the limitations of the traditional modalities. These innovative methods provide valuable tools for exploring mechanisms of clinically important aspects of cell migration fundamental to the pathogenesis of many flow-mediated disorders and are applicable to other perfusion-based models where migration is of central importance. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Holt
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - William E Howard
- Department of Engineering, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Elizabeth T Ables
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Stephanie M George
- Department of Engineering, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Cindy A Kukoly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Jake E Rabidou
- Department of Engineering, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Jake T Francisco
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Angel N Chukwu
- Department of Engineering, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - David A Tulis
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
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Menyhárt O, Harami-Papp H, Sukumar S, Schäfer R, Magnani L, de Barrios O, Győrffy B. Guidelines for the selection of functional assays to evaluate the hallmarks of cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1866:300-319. [PMID: 27742530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The hallmarks of cancer capture the most essential phenotypic characteristics of malignant transformation and progression. Although numerous factors involved in this multi-step process are still unknown to date, an ever-increasing number of mutated/altered candidate genes are being identified within large-scale cancer genomic projects. Therefore, investigators need to be aware of available and appropriate techniques capable of determining characteristic features of each hallmark. We review the methods tailored to experimental cancer researchers to evaluate cell proliferation, programmed cell death, replicative immortality, induction of angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, genome instability, and reprogramming of energy metabolism. Selecting the ideal method is based on the investigator's goals, available equipment and also on financial constraints. Multiplexing strategies enable a more in-depth data collection from a single experiment - obtaining several results from a single procedure reduces variability and saves time and relative cost, leading to more robust conclusions compared to a single end point measurement. Each hallmark possesses characteristics that can be analyzed by immunoblot, RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, immunoprecipitation, RNA microarray or RNA-seq. In general, flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and multiwell readers are extremely versatile tools and, with proper sample preparation, allow the detection of a vast number of hallmark features. Finally, we also provide a list of hallmark-specific genes to be measured in transcriptome-level studies. Although our list is not exhaustive, we provide a snapshot of the most widely used methods, with an emphasis on methods enabling the simultaneous evaluation of multiple hallmark features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otília Menyhárt
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Saraswati Sukumar
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Reinhold Schäfer
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg and Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Invalidenstr. 80, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luca Magnani
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Oriol de Barrios
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary.
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Abstract
Collective cell migration plays important roles in many physiological processes such as embryonic development, tissue repair, and angiogenesis. A "wound" occurs when epithelial cells are lost and/or damaged due to some external factors, and collective cell migration takes place in the following wound-healing process. To study this cellular behavior, various kinds of wound-healing assays are developed. In these assays, a "wound," or a "cell-free region," is created in a cell monolayer mechanically, chemically, optically, or electrically. These assays are useful tools in studying the effects of certain physical or chemical stimuli on the wound-healing process. Most of these methods have disadvantages such as creating wounds of different sizes or shapes, yielding batch-to-batch variation, and damaging the coating of the cell culture surface. In this study, we used ultraviolet (UV) lights to selectively kill cells and create a wound out of a cell monolayer. A comparison between the current assay and the traditional scratch assay was made, indicating that these two methods resulted in similar wound-healing rates. The advantages of this UV-created wound-healing assay include fast and easy procedure, high throughput, and no direct contact to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Ying Wu
- 1 Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Shin Sun
- 2 Department of Physics, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chen Cheng
- 3 Graduate Institute of Food Science Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yin Lo
- 1 Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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32
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Taking Aim at Moving Targets in Computational Cell Migration. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 26:88-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Stamm A, Reimers K, Strauß S, Vogt P, Scheper T, Pepelanova I. In vitro wound healing assays – state of the art. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/bnm-2016-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWound healing is essential for the restoration of the barrier function of the skin. During this process, cells at the wound edges proliferate and migrate, leading to re-epithelialization of the wound surface. Wound healing assays are used to study the molecular mechanisms of wound repair, as well as in the investigation of potential therapeutics and treatments for improved healing. Numerous models of wound healing have been developed in recent years. In this review, we focus on in vitro assays, as they allow a fast, cost-efficient and ethical alternative to animal models. This paper gives a general overview of 2-dimensional (2D) cell monolayer assays by providing a description of injury methods, as well as an evaluation of each assay’s strengths and limitations. We include a section reviewing assays performed in 3-dimensional (3D) culture, which employ bioengineered skin models to capture complex wound healing mechanics like cell-matrix interactions and the interplay of different cell types in the healing process. Finally, we discuss in detail available software tools and algorithms for data analysis.
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Vargas A, Angeli M, Pastrello C, McQuaid R, Li H, Jurisicova A, Jurisica I. Robust quantitative scratch assay. Bioinformatics 2015; 32:1439-40. [PMID: 26722119 PMCID: PMC4848397 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The wound healing assay (or scratch assay) is a technique frequently used to quantify the dependence of cell motility—a central process in tissue repair and evolution of disease—subject to various treatments conditions. However processing the resulting data is a laborious task due its high throughput and variability across images. This Robust Quantitative Scratch Assay algorithm introduced statistical outputs where migration rates are estimated, cellular behaviour is distinguished and outliers are identified among groups of unique experimental conditions. Furthermore, the RQSA decreased measurement errors and increased accuracy in the wound boundary at comparable processing times compared to previously developed method (TScratch). Availability and implementation: The RQSA is freely available at: http://ophid.utoronto.ca/RQSA/RQSA_Scripts.zip. The image sets used for training and validation and results are available at: (http://ophid.utoronto.ca/RQSA/trainingSet.zip, http://ophid.utoronto.ca/RQSA/validationSet.zip, http://ophid.utoronto.ca/RQSA/ValidationSetResults.zip, http://ophid.utoronto.ca/RQSA/ValidationSet_H1975.zip, http://ophid.utoronto.ca/RQSA/ValidationSet_H1975Results.zip, http://ophid.utoronto.ca/RQSA/RobustnessSet.zip, http://ophid.utoronto.ca/RQSA/RobustnessSet.zip). Supplementary Material is provided for detailed description of the development of the RQSA. Contact:juris@ai.utoronto.ca Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vargas
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marc Angeli
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Techna, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chiara Pastrello
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Techna, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rosanne McQuaid
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Han Li
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Jurisicova
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Techna, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada, Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Gamal W, Borooah S, Smith S, Underwood I, Srsen V, Chandran S, Bagnaninchi PO, Dhillon B. Real-time quantitative monitoring of hiPSC-based model of macular degeneration on Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing microelectrodes. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 71:445-455. [PMID: 25950942 PMCID: PMC4456427 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world. Humanized disease models are required to develop new therapies for currently incurable forms of AMD. In this work, a tissue-on-a-chip approach was developed through combining human induced pluripotent stem cells, Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) and reproducible electrical wounding assays to model and quantitatively study AMD. Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) cells generated from a patient with an inherited macular degeneration and from an unaffected sibling were used to test the model platform on which a reproducible electrical wounding assay was conducted to model RPE damage. First, a robust and reproducible real-time quantitative monitoring over a 25-day period demonstrated the establishment and maturation of RPE layers on the microelectrode arrays. A spatially controlled RPE layer damage that mimicked cell loss in AMD disease was then initiated. Post recovery, significant differences (P < 0.01) in migration rates were found between case (8.6 ± 0.46 μm/h) and control cell lines (10.69 ± 0.21 μm/h). Quantitative data analysis suggested this was achieved due to lower cell-substrate adhesion in the control cell line. The ECIS cell-substrate adhesion parameter (α) was found to be 7.8 ± 0.28 Ω(1/2)cm for the case cell line and 6.5 ± 0.15 Ω(1/2)cm for the control. These findings were confirmed using cell adhesion biochemical assays. The developed disease model-on-a-chip is a powerful platform for translational studies with considerable potential to investigate novel therapies by enabling real-time, quantitative and reproducible patient-specific RPE cell repair studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Gamal
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, EH9 3DW, United Kingdom
| | - S Borooah
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, United Kingdom; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, United Kingdom; Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, United Kingdom; Centre for Neuroregeneration, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, United Kingdom; The Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - S Smith
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, EH9 3DW, United Kingdom
| | - I Underwood
- Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JF, United Kingdom
| | - V Srsen
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, EH9 3DW, United Kingdom
| | - S Chandran
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, United Kingdom; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, United Kingdom; Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, United Kingdom; Centre for Neuroregeneration, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, United Kingdom; The Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - P O Bagnaninchi
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, United Kingdom.
| | - B Dhillon
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, United Kingdom; The Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, United Kingdom; School of Clinical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
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Zaritsky A, Manor N, Wolf L, Ben-Jacob E, Tsarfaty I. Benchmark for multi-cellular segmentation of bright field microscopy images. BMC Bioinformatics 2013; 14:319. [PMID: 24195722 PMCID: PMC3826518 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-14-319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multi-cellular segmentation of bright field microscopy images is an essential computational step when quantifying collective migration of cells in vitro. Despite the availability of various tools and algorithms, no publicly available benchmark has been proposed for evaluation and comparison between the different alternatives. Description A uniform framework is presented to benchmark algorithms for multi-cellular segmentation in bright field microscopy images. A freely available set of 171 manually segmented images from diverse origins was partitioned into 8 datasets and evaluated on three leading designated tools. Conclusions The presented benchmark resource for evaluating segmentation algorithms of bright field images is the first public annotated dataset for this purpose. This annotated dataset of diverse examples allows fair evaluations and comparisons of future segmentation methods. Scientists are encouraged to assess new algorithms on this benchmark, and to contribute additional annotated datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Zaritsky
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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Vedula SRK, Ravasio A, Lim CT, Ladoux B. Collective Cell Migration: A Mechanistic Perspective. Physiology (Bethesda) 2013; 28:370-9. [DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00033.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration is fundamental to gaining insights into various important biological processes such as wound healing and cancer metastasis. In particular, recent in vitro studies and in silico simulations suggest that mechanics can explain the social behavior of multicellular clusters to a large extent with minimal knowledge of various cellular signaling pathways. These results suggest that a mechanistic perspective is necessary for a comprehensive and holistic understanding of collective cell migration, and this review aims to provide a broad overview of such a perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Ravasio
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; and
| | - Benoit Ladoux
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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In vitro myoblast motility models: investigating migration dynamics for the study of skeletal muscle repair. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2013; 34:333-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s10974-013-9364-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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39
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Jowers CT, Taberner AJ, Dragunow M, Anderson IA. The cell injury device: A high-throughput platform for traumatic brain injury research. J Neurosci Methods 2013; 218:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Treloar KK, Simpson MJ. Sensitivity of edge detection methods for quantifying cell migration assays. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67389. [PMID: 23826283 PMCID: PMC3691172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative imaging methods to analyze cell migration assays are not standardized. Here we present a suite of two-dimensional barrier assays describing the collective spreading of an initially-confined population of 3T3 fibroblast cells. To quantify the motility rate we apply two different automatic image detection methods to locate the position of the leading edge of the spreading population after , and hours. These results are compared with a manual edge detection method where we systematically vary the detection threshold. Our results indicate that the observed spreading rates are very sensitive to the choice of image analysis tools and we show that a standard measure of cell migration can vary by as much as 25% for the same experimental images depending on the details of the image analysis tools. Our results imply that it is very difficult, if not impossible, to meaningfully compare previously published measures of cell migration since previous results have been obtained using different image analysis techniques and the details of these techniques are not always reported. Using a mathematical model, we provide a physical interpretation of our edge detection results. The physical interpretation is important since edge detection algorithms alone do not specify any physical measure, or physical definition, of the leading edge of the spreading population. Our modeling indicates that variations in the image threshold parameter correspond to a consistent variation in the local cell density. This means that varying the threshold parameter is equivalent to varying the location of the leading edge in the range of approximately 1–5% of the maximum cell density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina K. Treloar
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Simpson
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Milde F, Franco D, Ferrari A, Kurtcuoglu V, Poulikakos D, Koumoutsakos P. Cell Image Velocimetry (CIV): boosting the automated quantification of cell migration in wound healing assays. Integr Biol (Camb) 2012; 4:1437-47. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ib20113e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Milde
- Computational Science and Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zürich, CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Davide Franco
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, ETH Zürich, CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Aldo Ferrari
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, ETH Zürich, CH-8092, Switzerland
| | | | - Dimos Poulikakos
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, ETH Zürich, CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Petros Koumoutsakos
- Computational Science and Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zürich, CH-8092, Switzerland
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Mill CP, Zordan MD, Rothenberg SM, Settleman J, Leary JF, Riese DJ. ErbB2 Is Necessary for ErbB4 Ligands to Stimulate Oncogenic Activities in Models of Human Breast Cancer. Genes Cancer 2012; 2:792-804. [PMID: 22393464 DOI: 10.1177/1947601911431080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ErbB4 is a member of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases. This family includes ErbB2 (HER2/Neu), a validated therapeutic target in breast cancer. Several studies indicate that ErbB4 functions as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer, whereas others indicate that ErbB4 functions as an oncogene. Here the authors explore the context in which ErbB4 functions as an oncogene. Silencing expression of either ErbB2 or ErbB4 in breast tumor cell lines results in reduced stimulation of anchorage independence and cell motility by the ErbB4 agonist neuregulin 2β. ErbB2 tyrosine kinase activity, but not ErbB4 tyrosine kinase activity, is required for neuregulin 2β to stimulate cell proliferation. Moreover, sites of ErbB4 tyrosine phosphorylation, but not sites of ErbB2 tyrosine phosphorylation, are required for neuregulin 2β to couple to cell proliferation. These data suggest that targeting ErbB2 expression or tyrosine kinase activity may be effective in treating ErbB4-dependent breast tumors, even those tumors that lack ErbB2 overexpression.
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Riahi R, Yang Y, Zhang DD, Wong PK. Advances in Wound-Healing Assays for Probing Collective Cell Migration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 17:59-65. [DOI: 10.1177/2211068211426550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zaritsky A, Natan S, Horev J, Hecht I, Wolf L, Ben-Jacob E, Tsarfaty I. Cell motility dynamics: a novel segmentation algorithm to quantify multi-cellular bright field microscopy images. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27593. [PMID: 22096600 PMCID: PMC3212570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Confocal microscopy analysis of fluorescence and morphology is becoming the standard tool in cell biology and molecular imaging. Accurate quantification algorithms are required to enhance the understanding of different biological phenomena. We present a novel approach based on image-segmentation of multi-cellular regions in bright field images demonstrating enhanced quantitative analyses and better understanding of cell motility. We present MultiCellSeg, a segmentation algorithm to separate between multi-cellular and background regions for bright field images, which is based on classification of local patches within an image: a cascade of Support Vector Machines (SVMs) is applied using basic image features. Post processing includes additional classification and graph-cut segmentation to reclassify erroneous regions and refine the segmentation. This approach leads to a parameter-free and robust algorithm. Comparison to an alternative algorithm on wound healing assay images demonstrates its superiority. The proposed approach was used to evaluate common cell migration models such as wound healing and scatter assay. It was applied to quantify the acceleration effect of Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) on healing rate in a time lapse confocal microscopy wound healing assay and demonstrated that the healing rate is linear in both treated and untreated cells, and that HGF/SF accelerates the healing rate by approximately two-fold. A novel fully automated, accurate, zero-parameters method to classify and score scatter-assay images was developed and demonstrated that multi-cellular texture is an excellent descriptor to measure HGF/SF-induced cell scattering. We show that exploitation of textural information from differential interference contrast (DIC) images on the multi-cellular level can prove beneficial for the analyses of wound healing and scatter assays. The proposed approach is generic and can be used alone or alongside traditional fluorescence single-cell processing to perform objective, accurate quantitative analyses for various biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Zaritsky
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sari Natan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Judith Horev
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Inbal Hecht
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lior Wolf
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eshel Ben-Jacob
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilan Tsarfaty
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
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