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León M, Moya C, Rivera-Concha R, Pezo F, Uribe P, Schulz M, Sánchez R, Taubert A, Hermosilla C, Zambrano F. Extrusion of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) Negatively Impacts Canine Sperm Functions: Implications in Reproductive Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6216. [PMID: 38892404 PMCID: PMC11172674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Reproductive failure in dogs is often due to unknown causes, and correct diagnosis and treatment are not always achieved. This condition is associated with various congenital and acquired etiologies that develop inflammatory processes, causing an increase in the number of leukocytes within the female reproductive tract (FRT). An encounter between polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and infectious agents or inflammation in the FRT could trigger neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are associated with significantly decreased motility and damage to sperm functional parameters in other species, including humans. This study describes the interaction between canine PMNs and spermatozoa and characterizes the release of NETs, in addition to evaluating the consequences of these structures on canine sperm function. To identify and visualize NETs, May-Grünwald Giemsa staining and immunofluorescence for neutrophil elastase (NE) were performed on canine semen samples and sperm/PMN co-cultures. Sperm viability was assessed using SYBR/PI and acrosome integrity was assessed using PNA-FITC/PI by flow cytometry. The results demonstrate NETs release in native semen samples and PMN/sperm co-cultures. In addition, NETs negatively affect canine sperm function parameters. This is the first report on the ability of NETs to efficiently entrap canine spermatozoa, and to provide additional data on the adverse effects of NETs on male gametes. Therefore, NETs formation should be considered in future studies of canine reproductive failure, as these extracellular fibers and NET-derived pro-inflammatory capacities will impede proper oocyte fertilization and embryo implantation. These data will serve as a basis to explain certain reproductive failures of dogs and provide new information about triggers and molecules involved in adverse effects of NETosis for domestic pet animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion León
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine—Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (M.L.); (C.M.); (R.R.-C.); (F.P.); (P.U.); (M.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Claudia Moya
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine—Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (M.L.); (C.M.); (R.R.-C.); (F.P.); (P.U.); (M.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Rodrigo Rivera-Concha
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine—Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (M.L.); (C.M.); (R.R.-C.); (F.P.); (P.U.); (M.S.); (R.S.)
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Felipe Pezo
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine—Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (M.L.); (C.M.); (R.R.-C.); (F.P.); (P.U.); (M.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Pamela Uribe
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine—Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (M.L.); (C.M.); (R.R.-C.); (F.P.); (P.U.); (M.S.); (R.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Mabel Schulz
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine—Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (M.L.); (C.M.); (R.R.-C.); (F.P.); (P.U.); (M.S.); (R.S.)
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Raúl Sánchez
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine—Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (M.L.); (C.M.); (R.R.-C.); (F.P.); (P.U.); (M.S.); (R.S.)
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Anja Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.T.); (C.H.)
| | - Carlos Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.T.); (C.H.)
| | - Fabiola Zambrano
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine—Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (M.L.); (C.M.); (R.R.-C.); (F.P.); (P.U.); (M.S.); (R.S.)
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
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2
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Kim TS, Moutsopoulos NM. Neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps in oral health and disease. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1055-1065. [PMID: 38689085 PMCID: PMC11148164 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01219-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils perform essential functions in antimicrobial defense and tissue maintenance at mucosal barriers. However, a dysregulated neutrophil response and, in particular, the excessive release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are implicated in the pathology of various diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the basic concepts related to neutrophil functions, including NET formation, and discuss the mechanisms associated with NET activation and function in the context of the prevalent oral disease periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Sung Kim
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Niki M Moutsopoulos
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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3
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Bourcier CH, Michel-Flutot P, Emam L, Adam L, Gasser A, Vinit S, Mansart A. ß1-adrenergic blockers preserve neuromuscular function by inhibiting the production of extracellular traps during systemic inflammation in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1228374. [PMID: 37809074 PMCID: PMC10556451 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1228374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe inflammation via innate immune system activation causes organ dysfunction. Among these, the central nervous system (CNS) is particularly affected by encephalopathies. These symptoms are associated with the activation of microglia and a potential infiltration of leukocytes. These immune cells have recently been discovered to have the ability to produce extracellular traps (ETs). While these components capture and destroy pathogens, deleterious effects occur such as reduced neuronal excitability correlated with excessive ETs production. In this study, the objectives were to determine (1) whether immune cells form ETs in the CNS during acute inflammation (2) whether ETs produce neuromuscular disorders and (3) whether an immunomodulatory treatment such as β1-adrenergic blockers limits these effects. We observed an infiltration of neutrophils in the CNS, an activation of microglia and a production of ETs following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. Atenolol, a β1-adrenergic blocker, significantly decreased the production of ETs in both microglia and neutrophils. This treatment also preserved the gastrocnemius motoneuron excitability. Similar results were observed when the production of ETs was prevented by sivelestat, an inhibitor of ET formation. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that LPS administration increases neutrophils infiltration into the CNS, activates immune cells and produces ETs that directly impair neuromuscular function. Prevention of ETs formation by β1-adrenergic blockers partly restores this function and could be a good target in order to reduce adverse effects in severe inflammation such as sepsis but also in other motor related pathologies linked to ETs production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille H. Bourcier
- END-ICAP, INSERM U1179, UVSQ-Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
- Infection et Inflammation (2I), INSERM U1173, UVSQ-Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | | | - Laila Emam
- Infection et Inflammation (2I), INSERM U1173, UVSQ-Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Lucille Adam
- Infection et Inflammation (2I), INSERM U1173, UVSQ-Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Adeline Gasser
- Infection et Inflammation (2I), INSERM U1173, UVSQ-Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Stéphane Vinit
- END-ICAP, INSERM U1179, UVSQ-Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Arnaud Mansart
- Infection et Inflammation (2I), INSERM U1173, UVSQ-Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
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4
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Hovhannisyan G, Harutyunyan T, Aroutiounian R, Liehr T. The Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Potential of Cell-Free DNA with a Special Focus on COVID-19 and Other Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14163. [PMID: 37762464 PMCID: PMC10532175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in human blood serum, urine, and other body fluids recently became a commonly used diagnostic marker associated with various pathologies. This is because cfDNA enables a much higher sensitivity than standard biochemical parameters. The presence of and/or increased level of cfDNA has been reported for various diseases, including viral infections, including COVID-19. Here, we review cfDNA in general, how it has been identified, where it can derive from, its molecular features, and mechanisms of release and clearance. General suitability of cfDNA for diagnostic questions, possible shortcomings and future directions are discussed, with a special focus on coronavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Hovhannisyan
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (G.H.); (T.H.); (R.A.)
| | - Tigran Harutyunyan
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (G.H.); (T.H.); (R.A.)
| | - Rouben Aroutiounian
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (G.H.); (T.H.); (R.A.)
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
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Di Mambro T, Pellielo G, Agyapong ED, Carinci M, Chianese D, Giorgi C, Morciano G, Patergnani S, Pinton P, Rimessi A. The Tricky Connection between Extracellular Vesicles and Mitochondria in Inflammatory-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098181. [PMID: 37175888 PMCID: PMC10179665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles present in almost all eukaryotic cells, where they represent the main site of energy production. Mitochondria are involved in several important cell processes, such as calcium homeostasis, OXPHOS, autophagy, and apoptosis. Moreover, they play a pivotal role also in inflammation through the inter-organelle and inter-cellular communications, mediated by the release of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs). It is currently well-documented that in addition to traditional endocrine and paracrine communication, the cells converse via extracellular vesicles (EVs). These small membrane-bound particles are released from cells in the extracellular milieu under physio-pathological conditions. Importantly, EVs have gained much attention for their crucial role in inter-cellular communication, translating inflammatory signals into recipient cells. EVs cargo includes plasma membrane and endosomal proteins, but EVs also contain material from other cellular compartments, including mitochondria. Studies have shown that EVs may transport mitochondrial portions, proteins, and/or mtDAMPs to modulate the metabolic and inflammatory responses of recipient cells. Overall, the relationship between EVs and mitochondria in inflammation is an active area of research, although further studies are needed to fully understand the mechanisms involved and how they may be targeted for therapeutic purposes. Here, we have reported and discussed the latest studies focused on this fascinating and recent area of research, discussing of tricky connection between mitochondria and EVs in inflammatory-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Di Mambro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Pellielo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Esther Densu Agyapong
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marianna Carinci
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Diego Chianese
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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6
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Han Y, Zhang Q, Chen L, Zhao J, Yang D. In vitro study of deltamethrin-induced extracellular traps in hemocytes of Ruditapes philippinarum. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114909. [PMID: 37062260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DLM), a broad-spectrum pesticide, has been proven to have toxic effects on aquatic organisms. Here, we detected the formation of extracellular traps (ETosis) formation in Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) hemocytes stimulated by three concentrations of DLM (0.01, 0.1 and 1 μg/mL) in vitro, and explored the underlying mechanisms induced by this pesticide. Extracellular DNA structure observation and quantitative results indicated that DLM exposure could obviously induce hemocytes ETosis, especially under high concentration of DLM induction. Moreover, DLM increased the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a dose-dependent manner, and enhanced the mRNA expression of several ROS-related genes. DPI (NADPH oxidase inhibitor) and ABAH (MPO inhibitor) could substantially inhibit DLM-induced extracellular traps (ETs), suggesting that the induced ETs release was caused by the induction of the ROS burst and MPO production. In addition, three concentrations of DLM-induced ETs were also accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, such as increasing the production of mitochondrial ROS, leading to a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and activation of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). Taken together, these results will shed new light on the immunotoxicity of DLM in clams and perhaps lays the foundation for health assessment in bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Han
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025, PR China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Lizhu Chen
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, Shandong 264006, PR China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Dinglong Yang
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
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7
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Roy M, Chakraborty S, Kumar Srivastava S, Kaushik S, Jyoti A, Kumar Srivastava V. Entamoeba histolytica induced NETosis and the dual role of NETs in amoebiasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110100. [PMID: 37011501 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica (Eh), a microaerophilic parasite, causes deadly enteric infections that result in Amoebiasis. Every year, the count of invasive infections reaches 50 million approximately and 40,000 to 1,00,000 deaths occurring due to amoebiasis are reported globally. Profound inflammation is the hallmark of severe amoebiasis which is facilitated by immune first defenders, neutrophils. Due to size incompatibility, neutrophils are unable to phagocytose Eh and thus, came up with the miraculous antiparasitic mechanism of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). This review provides an in-depth analysis of NETosis induced by Eh including the antigens involved in the recognition of Eh and the biochemistry of NET formation. Additionally, it underscores its novelty by describing the dual role of NETs in amoebiasis where it acts as a double-edged sword in terms of both clearing and exacerbating amoebiasis. It also provides a comprehensive account of the virulence factors discovered to date that are implicated directly and indirectly in the pathophysiology of Eh infections through the lens of NETs and can be interesting drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinalini Roy
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Kant Kalwar, NH-11C, Jaipur-Delhi Highway, Jaipur, India
| | - Shreya Chakraborty
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Kant Kalwar, NH-11C, Jaipur-Delhi Highway, Jaipur, India
| | | | - Sanket Kaushik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Kant Kalwar, NH-11C, Jaipur-Delhi Highway, Jaipur, India
| | - Anupam Jyoti
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, NH-95, Chandigarh-Ludhiana Highway, Mohali, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Kant Kalwar, NH-11C, Jaipur-Delhi Highway, Jaipur, India.
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8
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Putative Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054497. [PMID: 36901933 PMCID: PMC10003516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are hematologic malignancies characterized by gene mutations that promote myeloproliferation and resistance to apoptosis via constitutively active signaling pathways, with Janus kinase 2-signal transducers and the activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) axis as a core part. Chronic inflammation has been described as a pivot for the development and advancement of MPNs from early stage cancer to pronounced bone marrow fibrosis, but there are still unresolved questions regarding this issue. The MPN neutrophils are characterized by upregulation of JAK target genes, they are in a state of activation and with deregulated apoptotic machinery. Deregulated neutrophil apoptotic cell death supports inflammation and steers them towards secondary necrosis or neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, a trigger of inflammation both ways. NETs in proinflammatory bone marrow microenvironment induce hematopoietic precursor proliferation, which has an impact on hematopoietic disorders. In MPNs, neutrophils are primed for NET formation, and even though it seems obvious for NETs to intervene in the disease progression by supporting inflammation, no reliable data are available. We discuss in this review the potential pathophysiological relevance of NET formation in MPNs, with the intention of contributing to a better understanding of how neutrophils and neutrophil clonality can orchestrate the evolution of a pathological microenvironment in MPNs.
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9
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Hudock KM, Collins MS, Imbrogno MA, Kramer EL, Brewington JJ, Ziady A, Zhang N, Snowball J, Xu Y, Carey BC, Horio Y, O’Grady SM, Kopras EJ, Meeker J, Morgan H, Ostmann AJ, Skala E, Siefert ME, Na CL, Davidson CR, Gollomp K, Mangalmurti N, Trapnell BC, Clancy JP. Alpha-1 antitrypsin limits neutrophil extracellular trap disruption of airway epithelial barrier function. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1023553. [PMID: 36703990 PMCID: PMC9872031 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1023553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to lung injury in cystic fibrosis and asthma, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. We sought to understand the impact of human NETs on barrier function in primary human bronchial epithelial and a human airway epithelial cell line. We demonstrate that NETs disrupt airway epithelial barrier function by decreasing transepithelial electrical resistance and increasing paracellular flux, partially by NET-induced airway cell apoptosis. NETs selectively impact the expression of tight junction genes claudins 4, 8 and 11. Bronchial epithelia exposed to NETs demonstrate visible gaps in E-cadherin staining, a decrease in full-length E-cadherin protein and the appearance of cleaved E-cadherin peptides. Pretreatment of NETs with alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) inhibits NET serine protease activity, limits E-cadherin cleavage, decreases bronchial cell apoptosis and preserves epithelial integrity. In conclusion, NETs disrupt human airway epithelial barrier function through bronchial cell death and degradation of E-cadherin, which are limited by exogenous A1AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Hudock
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,*Correspondence: K. M. Hudock,
| | - M. S. Collins
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - M. A. Imbrogno
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - E. L. Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - J. J. Brewington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - A. Ziady
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - N. Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - J. Snowball
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Y. Xu
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Divisions of Biomedical Informatics, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - B. C. Carey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Translational Pulmonary Science Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Y. Horio
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto-shi, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - S. M. O’Grady
- Departments of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States,Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - E. J. Kopras
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - J. Meeker
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - H. Morgan
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - A. J. Ostmann
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - E. Skala
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - M. E. Siefert
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - C. L. Na
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - C. R. Davidson
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - K. Gollomp
- Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - N. Mangalmurti
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Pennsylvania Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - B. C. Trapnell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Translational Pulmonary Science Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - J. P. Clancy
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, Bethesda, MD, United States
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10
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Modulations in human neutrophil metabolome and S-glutathionylation of glycolytic pathway enzymes during the course of extracellular trap formation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166581. [PMID: 36265832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis) has been irrefutably referred to as a distinct and unique form of active cell death with the purpose to counteract invading pathogens or augmenting the inflammatory cascade. Since the discovery, consistent efforts have been made to understand the various aspects of the initiation and sustenance of NETosis. In this study, using a global metabolomics approach during the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induced NETosis in human neutrophils, various metabolic pathways were found to be altered which includes intermediates related to, carbohydrate metabolism, and redox related metabolites, nucleic acid metabolism, and amino acids metabolism. Enrichment analysis of the metabolite sets highlighted the importance of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and glutathione metabolism PMA-induced NETotic neutrophils. Further, analysis of the glutathyniolation status of neutrophil proteins by Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) indicated six different glutathionylated proteins: among them, two metabolically important proteins were α-enolase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) with MALDI score 166 and 70 respectively. Other proteins were lactoferrin, β-actin, c-myc promoter-binding protein, and uracil DNA glycosylase with MALDI scores of 96, 167, 104, and 68 respectively. Besides, activation of signalling proteins involved in metabolic regulation is also correlated with NETosis. Altogether, a balance between reactive oxygen species-glutathione metabolism seems to regulate the activity of glycolytic enzymes such as GAPDH and α-enolase during PMA-induced NETosis in a time-dependent manner.
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11
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NETome: A model to Decode the Human Genome and Proteome of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Sci Data 2022; 9:702. [DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractNeutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cells in humans with biological roles relevant to inflammation, and fighting off infections. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) act as enxogenous agents controlling invasion by bacteria, viruses, fungi, metabolic, and traumatic agents. Traditionally, studies have focused on elucidating molecular and cellular pathways preceding NET formation. Here, we developed a model to decode the human genome and proteome of developted NETs. Via in vitro system to differentiate HL-60 human myeloid cell line into neutrophil extracellular trap (ecTrap) producing cells, we isolated and captured ectrap derived DNA and proteins for shotgun sequencing. The genomic sequences revealed accurate delineation of gene composition including immune response genes and mitochondrial enrichment, while providing a reference database for future interrogation. Shotgun proteomics showed global proteins in differentiated cells with specific immune pathways when compared to undifferentiated counterparts. Coupled with omics’ approaches, we validated our system by functional assays and began to dissect host-microbial interactions. Our work provides a new understanding of the genomic and proteomic sequences, establishing the first human database deposition of neutrophil extracellular traps.
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12
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Singh B, Avula K, Sufi SA, Parwin N, Das S, Alam MF, Samantaray S, Bankapalli L, Rani A, Poornima K, Prusty B, Mallick TP, Shaw SK, Dodia H, Kabi S, Pagad TT, Mohanty S, Syed GH. Defective Mitochondrial Quality Control during Dengue Infection Contributes to Disease Pathogenesis. J Virol 2022; 96:e0082822. [PMID: 36197108 PMCID: PMC9599662 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00828-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fitness is governed by mitochondrial quality control pathways comprising mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial-selective autophagy (mitophagy). Disruption of these processes has been implicated in many human diseases, including viral infections. Here, we report a comprehensive analysis of the effect of dengue infection on host mitochondrial homeostasis and its significance in dengue disease pathogenesis. Despite severe mitochondrial stress and injury, we observed that the pathways of mitochondrial quality control and mitochondrial biogenesis are paradoxically downregulated in dengue-infected human liver cells. This leads to the disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis and the onset of cellular injury and necrotic death in the infected cells. Interestingly, dengue promotes global autophagy but selectively disrupts mitochondrial-selective autophagy (mitophagy). Dengue downregulates the expression of PINK1 and Parkin, the two major proteins involved in tagging the damaged mitochondria for elimination through mitophagy. Mitophagy flux assays also suggest that Parkin-independent pathways of mitophagy are also inactive during dengue infection. Dengue infection also disrupts mitochondrial biogenesis by downregulating the master regulators PPARγ and PGC1α. Dengue-infected cells release mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs) such as mitochondrial DNA into the cytosol and extracellular milieu. Furthermore, the challenge of naive immune cells with culture supernatants from dengue-infected liver cells was sufficient to trigger proinflammatory signaling. In correlation with our in vitro observations, dengue patients have high levels of cell-free mitochondrial DNA in their blood in proportion to the degree of thrombocytopenia. Overall, our study shows how defective mitochondrial homeostasis in dengue-infected liver cells can drive dengue disease pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE Many viruses target host cell mitochondria to create a microenvironment conducive to viral dissemination. Dengue virus also exploits host cell mitochondria to facilitate its viral life cycle. Dengue infection of liver cells leads to severe mitochondrial injury and inhibition of proteins that regulate mitochondrial quality control and biogenesis, thereby disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis. A defect in mitochondrial quality control leads to the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and promotes cellular injury. This leads to the release of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mt-DAMPs) into the cell cytoplasm and extracellular milieu. These mt-DAMPs activate the naive immune cells and trigger proinflammatory signaling, leading to the release of cytokines and chemokines, which may trigger systemic inflammation and contribute to dengue disease pathogenesis. In correlation with this, we observed high levels of cell-free mitochondrial DNA in dengue patient blood. This study provides insight into how the disruption of mitochondrial quality control in dengue-infected cells can trigger inflammation and drive dengue disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharati Singh
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Kalinga Institute of Information and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Kiran Avula
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | | | - Nahid Parwin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sayani Das
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Mohd Faraz Alam
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hiren Dodia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Shobhitendu Kabi
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences & SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Trupti T. Pagad
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences & SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Adverse Effects of Single Neutrophil Extracellular Trap-Derived Components on Bovine Sperm Function. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12101308. [PMID: 35625154 PMCID: PMC9138165 DOI: 10.3390/ani12101308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a key role in fertilisation by eliminating microorganisms and entrapping spermatozoa in the female reproductive tract (FRT). The deleterious effects of NETs on spermatozoa have been previously described; however, individual exposure to NET-derived components in bull spermatozoa has not been explored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the main NET-derived proteins, histone 2A (H2A), neutrophil elastase (ELA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), pentraxin 3 (PTX), cathepsin G (Cat-G), and cathelicidin LL37 (LL-37), at concentrations of 1, 10, and 30 μg/mL, on sperm parameters. Sperm were selected and incubated with different NET-derived proteins for 4 h. Membrane and acrosome integrity, lipoperoxidation, and membrane phospholipid disorders were also evaluated. Bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN)/sperm co-cultures were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. All NET-derived proteins/enzymes resulted in a reduction in membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, and lipoperoxidation at a concentration of 30 μg/mL. Bovine PMN/sperm co-cultures showed marked NET formation in the second hour. In conclusion, all NET-derived proteins/enzymes exerted cytotoxic effects on bull sperm, and this effect should be considered in future investigations on the uterine microenvironment and the advancement of spermatozoa in the FRT.
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Morán G, Uberti B, Quiroga J. Role of Cellular Metabolism in the Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Airway Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:850416. [PMID: 35493475 PMCID: PMC9039247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.850416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are a recently described mechanism of neutrophils that play an important role in health and disease. NETs are an innate defense mechanism that participate in clearance of pathogens, but they may also cause collateral damage in unrelated host tissues. Neutrophil dysregulation and NETosis occur in multiple lung diseases, such as pathogen-induced acute lung injury, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), severe asthma, cystic fibrosis, and recently, the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. More recently, research into immunometabolism has surged due to the possibility of reprogramming metabolism in order to modulate immune functions. The present review analyzes the different metabolic pathways associated with NETs formation, and how these impact on pathologies of the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Morán
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Benjamín Uberti
- Instituto de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - John Quiroga
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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15
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Guo Y, Tsai HI, Zhang L, Zhu H. Mitochondrial DNA on Tumor-Associated Macrophages Polarization and Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061452. [PMID: 35326602 PMCID: PMC8946090 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As the most abundant cell in the tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) drive tumor progress by inducing angiogenesis, fibrosis, invasion, metastasis, and immunosuppression, which makes these cells an important target for tumor treatment. Recently, the role of free mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has attracted increased attention in the regulation of immune cells in the TME. In this review, we first summarize the functional characteristics of macrophages in tumor progression. The release and regulation mechanisms of tumor cell-derived mtDNA in TME are also introduced. Then, the biological effects of endogenous and exogenous mtDNA on macrophages are discussed. Finally, we propose that the effect of mtDNA on macrophages is worthy of attention in the process of tumor treatment, especially in immunotherapy. Our review provides a systematic summary of the effects of mtDNA on the survival, function, and phenotypes of TAMs in the TME. Abstract As the richest immune cells in most tumor microenvironments (TMEs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in tumor development and treatment sensitivity. The phenotypes and functions of TAMs vary according to their sources and tumor progression. Different TAM phenotypes display distinct behaviors in terms of tumor immunity and are regulated by intracellular and exogenous molecules. Additionally, dysfunctional and oxidatively stressed mitochondrial-derived mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays an important role in remodeling the phenotypes and functions of TAMs. This article reviews the interactions between mtDNA and TAMs in the TME and further discusses the influence of their performance on tumor genesis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Guo
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;
| | - Hsiang-i Tsai
- Laboratory of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-18-7960-01735 (H.Z.)
| | - Haitao Zhu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;
- Laboratory of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-18-7960-01735 (H.Z.)
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16
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An Imaging and Computational Algorithm for Efficient Identification and Quantification of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020191. [PMID: 35053307 PMCID: PMC8773682 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are associated with multiple disease pathologies including sepsis, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, systemic lupus erythematosus, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and COVID-19. NETs, being a disintegrated death form, suffered inconsistency in their identification, nomenclature, and quantifications that hindered therapeutic approaches using NETs as a target. Multiple strategies including microscopy, ELISA, immunoblotting, flow cytometry, and image-stream-based methods have exhibited drawbacks such as being subjective, non-specific, error-prone, and not being high throughput, and thus demand the development of innovative and efficient approaches for their analyses. Here, we established an imaging and computational algorithm using high content screening (HCS)-cellomics platform that aid in easy, rapid, and specific detection as well as analyses of NETs. This method employed membrane-permeable and impermeable DNA dyes in situ to identify NET-forming cells. Automated algorithm-driven single-cell analysis of change in nuclear morphology, increase in nuclear area, and change in intensities provided precise detection of NET-forming cells and eliminated user bias with other cell death modalities. Further combination with Annexin V staining in situ detected specific death pathway, e.g., apoptosis, and thus, discriminated between NETs, apoptosis, and necrosis. Our approach does not utilize fixation and permeabilization steps that disturb NETs, and thus, allows the time-dependent monitoring of NETs. Together, this specific imaging-based high throughput method for NETs analyses may provide a good platform for the discovery of potential inhibitors of NET formation and/or agents to modulate neutrophil death, e.g., NETosis-apoptosis switch, as an alternative strategy to enhance the resolution of inflammation.
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17
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Du J, Zhang J, Chen X, Zhang S, Zhang C, Liu H, Li Y, Li M, Wu X, Xiang M, Wang C, Liu L, Wang C, Fang S, Shi J. Neutrophil extracellular traps induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines enhance procoagulant activity in NASH patients. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2022; 46:101697. [PMID: 33848669 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2021.101697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients are at a high risk of developing venous thromboembolism, with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in procoagulant activity (PCA) in patients with NASH remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the formation of NETs in NASH patients stimulated by specific pro-inflammatory factors. Moreover, we evaluated the pivotal role of NETs in the induction of hypercoagulability in NASH and the interaction between NETs and endothelial injury. METHOD The levels of the NETs biomarkers were evaluated in the plasma samples of 27 NASH patients and 18 healthy subjects. The formation of NETs was visualized using immunofluorescence microscopy. The PCA of the NETs was assessed using coagulation time, purified coagulation complex, and fibrin formation assays. Confocal microscopy was further used to evaluate the interactions between the NETs and HUVECs. RESULTS The levels of NETs markers in the plasma of NASH patients were significantly higher than healthy controls. NETs derived from NASH enhanced thrombin and fibrin formation and significantly reduced CT (p<0.05). The mixture of IL-6 and TNF-α triggered the NETs release in the plasma rather than them alone. Additionally, the NETs exerted cytotoxic effects on the endothelial cells, converting them to a procoagulant and pro-inflammatory phenotype, and DNase I could reverse these effects. CONCLUSION Our results revealed the primary role of NETs in promoting the hypercoagulable state in NASH patients. Methods that prevent the formation of NETs may be a novel approach for the prevention and treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Du
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuoqi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yueyue Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mengdi Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mengqi Xiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chengyue Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Langjiao Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shaohong Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Jialan Shi
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Department of Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, Boston, MA 02132, USA.
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18
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Joshi MB, Kamath A, Nair AS, Yedehali Thimmappa P, Sriranjini SJ, Gangadharan GG, Satyamoorthy K. Modulation of neutrophil (dys)function by Ayurvedic herbs and its potential influence on SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022; 13:100424. [PMID: 33746457 PMCID: PMC7962552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For centuries, traditional medicines of Ayurveda have been in use to manage infectious and non-infectious diseases. The key embodiment of traditional medicines is the holistic system of approach in the management of human diseases. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection is an ongoing pandemic, which has emerged as the major health threat worldwide and is causing significant stress, morbidity and mortality. Studies from the individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection have shown significant immune dysregulation and cytokine overproduction. Neutrophilia and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio has been correlated to poor outcome due to the disease. Neutrophils, component of innate immune system, upon stimulation expel DNA along with histones and granular proteins to form extracellular traps (NETs). Although, these DNA lattices possess beneficial activity in trapping and eliminating pathogens, NETs may also cause adverse effects by inducing immunothrombosis and tissue damage in diseases including Type 2 Diabetes and atherosclerosis. Tissues of SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects showed microthrombi with neutrophil-platelet infiltration and serum showed elevated NETs components, suggesting large involvement and uncontrolled activation of neutrophils leading to pathogenesis and associated organ damage. Hence, traditional Ayurvedic herbs exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties may act in a manner that might prove beneficial in targeting over-functioning of neutrophils and there by promoting normal immune homeostasis. In the present manuscript, we have reviewed and discussed pathological importance of NETs formation in SARS-CoV-2 infections and discuss how various Ayurvedic herbs can be explored to modulate neutrophil function and inhibit NETs formation in the context of a) anti-microbial activity to enhance neutrophil function, b) immunomodulatory effects to maintain neutrophil mediated immune homeostasis and c) to inhibit NETs mediated thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath B Joshi
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Archana Kamath
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Aswathy S Nair
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | | | - Sitaram J Sriranjini
- Ramaiah Indic Speciality Ayurveda-Restoration Hospital, MSR Nagar, Mathikere, Bengaluru, 560 054, India
| | - G G Gangadharan
- Ramaiah Indic Speciality Ayurveda-Restoration Hospital, MSR Nagar, Mathikere, Bengaluru, 560 054, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
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19
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Amari L, Germain M. Mitochondrial Extracellular Vesicles - Origins and Roles. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:767219. [PMID: 34751216 PMCID: PMC8572053 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.767219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged in the last decade as critical cell-to-cell communication devices used to carry nucleic acids and proteins between cells. EV cargo includes plasma membrane and endosomal proteins, but EVs also contain material from other cellular compartments, including mitochondria. Within cells, mitochondria are responsible for a large range of metabolic reactions, but they can also produce damaging levels of reactive oxygen species and induce inflammation when damaged. Consistent with this, recent evidence suggests that EV-mediated transfer of mitochondrial content alters metabolic and inflammatory responses of recipient cells. As EV mitochondrial content is also altered in some pathologies, this could have important implications for their diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we will discuss the nature and roles of mitochondrial EVs, with a special emphasis on the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Amari
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire et Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.,Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Germain
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire et Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.,Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
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20
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Wei X, Zou S, Xie Z, Wang Z, Huang N, Cen Z, Hao Y, Zhang C, Chen Z, Zhao F, Hu Z, Teng X, Gui Y, Liu X, Zheng H, Zhou H, Chen S, Cheng J, Zeng F, Zhou Y, Wu W, Hu J, Wei Y, Cui K, Li J. EDIL3 deficiency ameliorates adverse cardiac remodeling by neutrophil extracellular traps (NET)-mediated macrophage polarization. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2179-2195. [PMID: 34375400 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS After myocardial infarction (MI), injured cardiomyocytes recruit neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages to myocardium, which in turn initiates inflammatory and reparative cascades, respectively. Either insufficient or excessive inflammation impairs cardiac healing. As an endogenous inhibitor of neutrophil adhesion, EDIL3 plays a crucial role in inflammatory regulation. However, the role of EDIL3 in MI remains obscure. We aimed to define the role of EDIL3 in cardiac remodeling after MI. METHODS AND RESULTS Serum EDIL3 levels in MI patients were negatively associated with MI biomarkers. Consistently, WT mice after MI showed low levels of cardiac EDIL3. Compared with WT mice, Edil3-/- mice showed improvement of post-MI adverse remodeling, as they exhibited lower mortality, better cardiac function, shorter scar length and smaller LV cavity. Accordingly, infarcted hearts of Edil3-/- mice contained fewer cellular debris and lower amounts of fibrosis content, with decreased collagen I/III expression and the percentage of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) myofibroblasts. Mechanistically, EDIL3 deficiency did not affect the recruitment of monocytes or T cells, but enhanced neutrophil recruitment and following expansion of pro-inflammatory Mertk-MHC-IIlo-int (myeloid-epithelial-reproductive tyrosine kinase/major histocompatibility complex II) macrophages. The injection of neutrophil-specific C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) antagonist eliminated the differences in macrophage polarization and cardiac function between WT and Edil3-/- mice after MI. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which were more abundant in the hearts of Edil3-/- mice, contributed to Mertk-MHC-IIlo-int polarization via toll-like receptor 9 pathway. The inhibition of NET formation by treatment of neutrophil elastase inhibitor or DNase I impaired macrophage polarization, increased cellular debris and aggravated cardiac adverse remodeling, thus removed the differences of cardiac function between WT and Edil3-/- mice. Totally, EDIL3 plays an important role in NET-primed macrophage polarization and cardiac remodeling during MI. CONCLUSION We not only reveal that EDIL3 deficiency ameliorates adverse cardiac healing via NET-mediated pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization but also discover a new crosstalk between neutrophil and macrophage after MI. TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE We established EDIL3 as a critical regulator of neutrophil recruitment and macrophage polarization during post-MI cardiac remodeling. EDIL3 may be a candidate prognostic biomarker and drug target for cardiovascular diseases. The novel pathways and mechanisms revealed in this study has renewed our understanding of the role of leukocyte adhesion inhibitors in cardiovascular disease. Meanwhile, our study reaffirmed the indispensable role of inflammation in the healing process, thereby prompting the reevaluation of post-MI anti-inflammatory treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Song Zou
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhonghui Xie
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Nongyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhifu Cen
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chengxin Zhang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Fulei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhonglan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiu Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yiyue Gui
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Huaping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Juan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Fanlian Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wenling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Kaijun Cui
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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21
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Pérez-Olivares L, Soehnlein O. Contemporary Lifestyle and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: An Emerging Link in Atherosclerosis Disease. Cells 2021; 10:1985. [PMID: 34440753 PMCID: PMC8394440 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are networks of extracellular genetic material decorated with proteins of nuclear, granular and cytosolic origin that activated neutrophils expel under pathogenic inflammatory conditions. NETs are part of the host's innate immune defense system against invading pathogens. Interestingly, these extracellular structures can also be released in response to sterile inflammatory stimuli (e.g., shear stress, lipidic molecules, pro-thrombotic factors, aggregated platelets, or pro-inflammatory cytokines), as in atherosclerosis disease. Indeed, NETs have been identified in the intimal surface of diseased arteries under cardiovascular disease conditions, where they sustain inflammation via NET-mediated cell-adhesion mechanisms and promote cellular dysfunction and tissue damage via NET-associated cytotoxicity. This review will focus on (1) the active role of neutrophils and NETs as underestimated players of the inflammatory process during atherogenesis and lesion progression; (2) how these extracellular structures communicate with the main cell types present in the atherosclerotic lesion in the arterial wall; and (3) how these neutrophil effector functions interplay with lifestyle-derived risk factors such as an unbalanced diet, physical inactivity, smoking or lack of sleep quality, which represent major elements in the development of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pérez-Olivares
- Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Institute for Experimental Pathology (ExPat), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU), 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Institute for Experimental Pathology (ExPat), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU), 48149 Münster, Germany;
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFa), Karolinska Institute, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Monomeric C-reactive protein promotes platelets to release mitochondrial DNA in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Mol Immunol 2021; 137:228-237. [PMID: 34293590 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although high level of circulating C-reactive protein (pCRP) is considered as a biomarker for disease activity, the significance of CRP in the pathogenesis of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) has not been clarified. We once reported in AAV, pentameric CRP (pCRP) could dissociate into monomeric CRP (mCRP) and activate platelets. Recent studies have demonstrated that the activated platelets can release mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The purpose of this study was to further study the relationship between mCRP and platelets in AAV. We found the plasma level of mCRP in AAV patients was significantly higher than that of normal control and positively correlated with the proportion of mCRP-positive platelets. Platelets isolated from one normal donor could be activated by plasma from 5 AAV patients and this effect could be attenuated when mCRP had been removed. Only 0.1 μg/mL of recombinant mCRP was needed for inducing platelets to release mtDNA via interaction with lipid raft and through p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway. The mCRP binding on platelets depended on the C-terminal octapeptide (aa 199-206). The released mtDNA did not induce respiratory burst alone, but enhanced the ANCA-induced neutrophils respiratory burst after binding Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). The mtDNA released by mCRP-activated platelets also enhanced thrombin generation of plasma. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that mCRP can bind platelets via interaction with lipid raft and induce the release of mtDNA. The released mtDNA can enhance the pathogenicity of ANCA and promote activation of coagulation system in AAV.
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23
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Tabrizi ZA, Khosrojerdi A, Aslani S, Hemmatzadeh M, Babaie F, Bairami A, Shomali N, Hosseinzadeh R, Safari R, Mohammadi H. Multi-facets of neutrophil extracellular trap in infectious diseases: Moving beyond immunity. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105066. [PMID: 34174356 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are networks of extracellular chromosomal DNA fibers, histones, and cytoplasmic granule proteins. The release of NET components from neutrophils is involved in the suppression of pathogen diffusion. Development of NETs around target microbes leads to disruption of the cell membrane, eventuating in kind of cell death that is called as NETosis. The very first step in the process of NETosis is activation of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase upon signaling by innate immune receptors. Afterwards, produced Reactive oxygen species (ROS) trigger protein-arginine deiminase type 4, neutrophil elastase, and myeloperoxidase to generate decondensed chromatin and disrupted integrity of nuclear membrane. Subsequently, decondensed chromatin is mixed with several enzymes in the cytoplasm released from granules, leading to release of DNA and histones, and finally formation of NET. Several reports have indicated that NETosis might contribute to the immune responses through limiting the dissemination of microbial organisms. In this review, we discuss recent advances on the role of neutrophils, NETs, and their implications in the pathogenesis of microbial infections. Additionally, the prospective of the NET modulation as a therapeutic strategy to treat infectious diseases are clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Azimzadeh Tabrizi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Arezou Khosrojerdi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hemmatzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Babaie
- Department of Immunology and Genetic, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Amir Bairami
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghaiyeh Safari
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, GIGA, University of Liege, Sart-Tilman Liège, Belgium; Molecular and Cellular Biology, TERRA, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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24
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Adjuvants and Vaccines Used in Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy Induce Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9040321. [PMID: 33915724 PMCID: PMC8066953 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum hydroxide (alum) and monophosphoryl-lipid A (MPLA) are conventional adjuvants in vaccines for allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). Alum triggers the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) by neutrophils. NETs contain expelled decondensed chromatin associated with granular material and may act as danger-associated molecular patterns and activate antigen-presenting cells. We investigated whether adjuvant-induced NETs contribute to innate responses to AIT-vaccines. Human neutrophils were incubated with alum, MPLA and adjuvant-containing AIT-vaccine preparations. NETs were verified by time-lapse and confocal fluorescence microscopy and quantitatively assessed by DNA and elastase release and ROS production. In contrast to MPLA, alum represented a potent trigger for NET release. Vaccine formulations containing alum resulted in less NET release than alum alone, whereas the vaccine containing MPLA induced stronger NET responses than MPLA alone. NETs and alum alone and synergistically increased the expression of molecules involved in antigen presentation, i.e., CD80, CD86 and CD83, by peripheral blood monocytes. Monocyte priming with NETs resulted in individually differing IL-1β- and IL-6-responses. Thus, NETs induced by adjuvants in AIT-vaccines can provide autonomous and cooperative effects on early innate responses. The high diversity of individual innate responses to adjuvants and AIT-vaccines may affect their therapeutic efficacy.
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25
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Todkar K, Chikhi L, Desjardins V, El-Mortada F, Pépin G, Germain M. Selective packaging of mitochondrial proteins into extracellular vesicles prevents the release of mitochondrial DAMPs. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1971. [PMID: 33785738 PMCID: PMC8009912 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21984-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cells constitutively secrete mitochondrial DNA and proteins in extracellular vesicles (EVs). While EVs are small vesicles that transfer material between cells, Mitochondria-Derived Vesicles (MDVs) carry material specifically between mitochondria and other organelles. Mitochondrial content can enhance inflammation under pro-inflammatory conditions, though its role in the absence of inflammation remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that cells actively prevent the packaging of pro-inflammatory, oxidized mitochondrial proteins that would act as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) into EVs. Importantly, we find that the distinction between material to be included into EVs and damaged mitochondrial content to be excluded is dependent on selective targeting to one of two distinct MDV pathways. We show that Optic Atrophy 1 (OPA1) and sorting nexin 9 (Snx9)-dependent MDVs are required to target mitochondrial proteins to EVs, while the Parkinson's disease-related protein Parkin blocks this process by directing damaged mitochondrial content to lysosomes. Our results provide insight into the interplay between mitochondrial quality control mechanisms and mitochondria-driven immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Todkar
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire and Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada.,CERMO-FC UQAM, Quebec, Canada.,Réseau Intersectoriel de Recherche en Santé de l'université du Québec, Université du Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Lilia Chikhi
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire and Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada.,CERMO-FC UQAM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Véronique Desjardins
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire and Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada.,CERMO-FC UQAM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Firas El-Mortada
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire and Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada.,CERMO-FC UQAM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Pépin
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire and Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada.,CERMO-FC UQAM, Quebec, Canada.,Réseau Intersectoriel de Recherche en Santé de l'université du Québec, Université du Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Germain
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire and Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada. .,CERMO-FC UQAM, Quebec, Canada. .,Réseau Intersectoriel de Recherche en Santé de l'université du Québec, Université du Québec, Québec, Canada.
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26
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Extracellular DNA in blood products and its potential effects on transfusion. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222322. [PMID: 32150264 PMCID: PMC7098128 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood transfusions are sometimes necessary after a high loss of blood due to injury or surgery. Some people need regular transfusions due to medical conditions such as haemophilia or cancer. Studies have suggested that extracellular DNA including mitochondrial DNA present in the extracellular milieu of transfused blood products has biological actions that are capable of activating the innate immune systems and potentially contribute to some adverse reactions in transfusion. From the present work, it becomes increasingly clear that extracellular DNA encompassed mitochondrial DNA is far from being biologically inert in blood products. It has been demonstrated to be present in eligible blood products and thus can be transfused to blood recipients. Although the presence of extracellular DNA in human plasma was initially detected in 1948, some aspects have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we summarize the potential origins, clearance mechanisms, relevant structures, and potential role of extracellular DNA in the innate immune responses and its relationship with individual adverse reactions in transfusion.
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27
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Charkiewicz AE, Garley M, Ratajczak-Wrona W, Nowak K, Jabłońska E, Maślach D, Omeljaniuk WJ. Profile of new vascular damage biomarkers in middle-aged men with arterial hypertension. Adv Med Sci 2021; 66:185-191. [PMID: 33684644 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Normal endothelial function is important for the homeostasis of the cardiovascular (CV) system. The aim of the present study was to determine the profile of key parameters of endothelial dysfunction in middle-aged men that play a significant role in the functioning of endothelial vessels, which seems to be crucial for the early diagnosis of cardiovascular disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 53 men, 20 with hypertension (HTN), 18 with HTN and related diseases, 15 healthy controls Apart from general testing (BMI, biochemical analysis, SBP, DBP), we used the Griess reaction to assess the total amount of nitric oxide (NO), and used ELISA to verify the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrotyrosine (NT), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Furthermore, we assessed the concentration of circulating free DNA (cfDNA) using the fluorescence method. RESULTS The values of MDA, ADMA, cfDNA, and MPO observed in samples from men with HTN were determined to be higher compared to those from men without HTN. In the group of men with HTN and other concomitant cardiovascular disorders, we observed low concentrations of NO, MDA, and ADMA with high concentrations of cfDNA. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained for parameters selected for the study, should be considered by cardiologists as a prompt to include in the diagnostic profile the assessment of NO and cfDNA concentrations for risk evaluation and/or diagnosis of endothelial dysfunction in patients suffering from HTN or related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Edyta Charkiewicz
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Marzena Garley
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wioletta Ratajczak-Wrona
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Karolina Nowak
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Jabłońska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dominik Maślach
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wioleta Justyna Omeljaniuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
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28
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Silver Nanoparticles Induce Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Via Activation of PAD and Neutrophil Elastase. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020317. [PMID: 33669660 PMCID: PMC7922014 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in various fields because of their antimicrobial properties. However, many studies have reported that AgNPs can be harmful to both microorganisms and humans. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a key factor of cytotoxicity of AgNPs in mammalian cells and an important factor in the immune reaction of neutrophils. The immune reactions of neutrophils include the expulsion of webs of DNA surrounded by histones and granular proteins. These webs of DNA are termed neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs allow neutrophils to catch and destroy pathogens in extracellular spaces. In this study, we investigated how AgNPs stimulate neutrophils, specifically focusing on NETs. Freshly isolated human neutrophils were treated with 5 or 100 nm AgNPs. The 5 nm AgNPs induced NET formation, but the 100 nm AgNPs did not. Subsequently, we investigated the mechanism of AgNP-induced NETs using known inhibitors related to NET formation. AgNP-induced NETs were dependent on ROS, peptidyl arginine deiminase, and neutrophil elastase. The result in this study indicates that treatment of 5 nm AgNPs induce NET formation through histone citrullination by peptidyl arginine deiminase and histone cleavage by neutrophil elastase.
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29
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Klopf J, Brostjan C, Eilenberg W, Neumayer C. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Their Implications in Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020559. [PMID: 33429925 PMCID: PMC7828090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are primary effector cells of innate immunity and fight infection by phagocytosis and degranulation. Activated neutrophils also release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in response to a variety of stimuli. These NETs are net-like complexes composed of cell-free DNA, histones and neutrophil granule proteins. Besides the evolutionarily conserved mechanism to capture and eliminate pathogens, NETs are also associated with pathophysiological processes of various diseases. Here, we elucidate the mechanisms of NET formation and their different implications in disease. We focused on autoinflammatory and cardiovascular disorders as the leading cause of death. Neutrophil extracellular traps are not only present in various cardiovascular diseases but play an essential role in atherosclerotic plaque formation, arterial and venous thrombosis, as well as in the development and progression of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Furthermore, NETosis can be considered as a source of autoantigens and maintains an inflammatory milieu promoting autoimmune diseases. Indeed, there is further need for research into the balance between NET induction, inhibition, and degradation in order to pharmacologically target NETs and their compounds without impairing the patient’s immune defense. This review may be of interest to both basic scientists and clinicians to stimulate translational research and innovative clinical approaches.
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30
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Kernien JF, Johnson CJ, Bayless ML, Chovanec JF, Nett JE. Neutrophils From Patients With Invasive Candidiasis Are Inhibited by Candida albicans Biofilms. Front Immunol 2020; 11:587956. [PMID: 33343568 PMCID: PMC7747767 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.587956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive candidiasis frequently involves medical device placement. On the surfaces of these devices, Candida can form biofilms and proliferate in adherent layers of fungal cells surrounded by a protective extracellular matrix. Due in part to this extracellular matrix, biofilms resist host defenses and antifungal drugs. Previous work (using neutrophils from healthy donors) found that one mechanism employed to resist host defenses involves the inhibition of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) formation. NETs contain nuclear DNA, as well as antimicrobial proteins that can ensnare pathogens too large or aggregated to be effectively killed by phagocytosis. Given that these neutrophil structures are anticipated to have activity against the large aggregates of C. albicans biofilms, understanding the role of this inhibition in patients could provide insight into new treatment strategies. However, prior work has not included patients. Here, we examine NET formation by neutrophils collected from patients with invasive candidiasis. When compared to neutrophils from healthy participants, we show that patient neutrophils exhibit a heightened background level of NET release and respond to a positive stimulus by producing 100% more NETs. However, despite these physiologic differences, patient neutrophil responses to C. albicans were similar to healthy neutrophils. For both groups, planktonic cells induce strong NET release and biofilms inhibit NET formation. These results show that a mechanism of immune evasion for fungal biofilms translates to the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Kernien
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Chad J Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Meg L Bayless
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jack F Chovanec
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jeniel E Nett
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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31
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Islam MM, Takeyama N. Inorganic arsenic administration suppresses human neutrophil function in vitro. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:725-734. [PMID: 33063558 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120966040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic, a major environmental toxicant and pollutant, is a global public health concern. Among its many adverse effects, arsenic is immunotoxic, but its effects on human neutrophil functions are not yet well-defined. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the in vitro effects of acute low-dose NaAsO2 exposure on human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) for 12 h on the following innate defense mechanisms: formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and phagocytosis. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was added to induce NETs formation, which was quantified by measuring cell-free extracellular DNA (cf-DNA), myeloperoxidase-conjugated (MPO)-DNA and neutrophil elastase-conjugated (NE)-DNA, and confirmed by immunofluorescence labeling and imaging. Extracellular bactericidal activity by NETs was evaluated by co-culturing Escherichia coli and PMNs in the presence of a phagocytic inhibitor. Levels of NETs in the culture medium after PMA stimulation was significantly lower in PMNs pre-exposed to arsenic than those not exposed to arsenic. Immunofluorescence staining and extracellular bactericidal activity by NETs revealed similar results. Phagocytosis and ROS production by PMNs were also significantly reduced by arsenic pre-exposure. Together, our findings provide new insights in arsenic immunotoxicity and suggest how it increases susceptibility to infectious diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Monirul Islam
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, 12703Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoshi Takeyama
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, 12703Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
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32
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Santocki M, Kolaczkowska E. On Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Removal: What We Know Thus Far and Why So Little. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092079. [PMID: 32932841 PMCID: PMC7565917 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were discovered only 16 years ago, they have already taken us from heaven to hell as we learned that apart from beneficial trapping of pathogens, they cause, or contribute to, numerous disorders. The latter is connected to their persistent presence in the blood or tissue, and we hardly know how they are removed in mild pathophysiological conditions and why their removal is impaired in multiple severe pathological conditions. Herein, we bring together all data available up till now on how NETs are cleared—from engaged cells, their phenotypes, to involved enzymes and molecules. Moreover, we hypothesize on why NET removal is challenged in multiple disorders and propose further directions for studies on NET removal as well as possible therapeutic strategies to have them cleared.
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Reithofer M, Karacs J, Strobl J, Kitzmüller C, Polak D, Seif K, Kamalov M, Becker CFW, Greiner G, Schmetterer K, Stary G, Bohle B, Jahn-Schmid B. Alum triggers infiltration of human neutrophils ex vivo and causes lysosomal destabilization and mitochondrial membrane potential-dependent NET-formation. FASEB J 2020; 34:14024-14041. [PMID: 32860638 PMCID: PMC7589265 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001413r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium salts have been used in vaccines for decades. However, the mechanisms underlying their adjuvant effect are still unclear. Neutrophils, the first immune cells at the injection site, can release cellular DNA together with granular material, so‐called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). In mice, NETs apparently play a role in aluminium hydroxide (alum)‐adjuvant immune response to vaccines. Although no experimental data exist, this effect is assumed to be operative also in humans. As a first step to verify this knowledge in humans, we demonstrate that the injection of alum particles into human skin biopsies ex vivo leads to similar tissue infiltration of neutrophils and NET‐formation. Moreover, we characterized the mechanism leading to alum‐induced NET‐release in human neutrophils as rapid, NADPH oxidase‐independent process involving charge, phagocytosis, phagolysosomal rupture, Ca2+‐flux, hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, and mitochondrial ROS. Extracellular flow and inhibition experiments suggested that no additional energy from oxidative phosphorylation or glycolysis is required for NET‐release. This study suggests a so far unappreciated role for neutrophils in the initial phase of immune responses to alum‐containing vaccines in humans and provides novel insights into bioenergetic requirements of NET‐formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Reithofer
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmine Karacs
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Strobl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Kitzmüller
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominika Polak
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Seif
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Meder Kamalov
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian F W Becker
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Greiner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Schmetterer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Stary
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrice Jahn-Schmid
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Batra V, Dagar K, Nayak S, Kumaresan A, Kumar R, Datta TK. A Higher Abundance of O-Linked Glycans Confers a Selective Advantage to High Fertile Buffalo Spermatozoa for Immune-Evasion From Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1928. [PMID: 32983120 PMCID: PMC7483552 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycans on the plasma membrane of cells manifest as the glycocalyx, which serves as an information-rich frontier that is directly in contact with its immediate milieu. The glycoconjugates (GCs) that adorn most of the mammalian cells are also abundant in gametes, especially the spermatozoa where they perform unique reproduction-specific functions e.g., inter-cellular recognition and communication. This study aimed to implicate the sperm glycosylation pattern as one of the factors responsible for low conception rates observed in buffalo bulls. We hypothesized that a differential abundance of glycans exists on the spermatozoa from bulls of contrasting fertilizing abilities endowing them with differential immune evasion abilities. Therefore, we investigated the role of glycan abundance in the phagocytosis and NETosis rates exhibited by female neutrophils (PMNs) upon exposure to such spermatozoa. Our results indicated that the spermatozoa from high fertile (HF) bulls possessed a higher abundance of O-linked glycans e.g., galactosyl (β-1,3)N-acetylgalactosamine and N-linked glycans like [GlcNAc]1-3, N-acetylglucosamine than the low fertile (LF) bull spermatozoa. This differential glycomic endowment appeared to affect the spermiophagy and NETosis rates exhibited by the female neutrophil cells (PMNs). The mean percentage of phagocytizing PMNs was significantly different (P < 0.0001) for HF and LF bulls, 28.44 and 59.59%, respectively. Furthermore, any introduced perturbations in the inherent sperm glycan arrangements promoted phagocytosis by PMNs. For example, after in vitro capacitation the mean phagocytosis rate (MPR) rate in spermatozoa from HF bulls significantly increased to 66.49% (P < 0.01). Likewise, the MPR increased to 70.63% (p < 0.01) after O-glycosidase & α2-3,6,8,9 Neuraminidase A treatment of spermatozoa from HF bulls. Moreover, the percentage of PMNs forming neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was significantly higher, 41.47% when exposed to spermatozoa from LF bulls vis-à-vis the spermatozoa from HF bulls, 15.46% (P < 0.0001). This is a pioneer report specifically demonstrating the role of O-linked glycans in the immune responses mounted against spermatozoa. Nevertheless, further studies are warranted to provide the measures to diagnose the sub-fertile phenotype thus preventing the losses incurred by incorrect selection of morphologically normal sperm in the AI/IVF reproduction techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul Batra
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Komal Dagar
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Samiksha Nayak
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Arumugam Kumaresan
- Theriogenelogy Laboratory, SRS of National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Tirtha K Datta
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Signaling Properties and Disease Relevance. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:9254087. [PMID: 32774152 PMCID: PMC7407020 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9254087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are characterized as extracellular DNA fibers comprised of histone and cytoplasmic granule proteins. NETs were first described as a form of innate response against pathogen invasion, which can capture pathogens, degrade bacterial toxic factors, and kill bacteria. Additionally, NETs also provide a scaffold for protein and cell binding. Protein binding to NETs further activate the coagulation system which participates in thrombosis. In addition, NETs also can damage the tissues due to the proteins they carry. Many studies have suggested that the excessive formation of NETs may contribute to a range of diseases, including thrombosis, atherosclerosis, autoimmune diseases, and sepsis. In this review, we describe the structure and components of NETs, models of NET formation, and detection methods. We also discuss the molecular mechanism of NET formation and their disease relevance. Modulation of NET formation may provide a new route for the prevention and treatment of releated human diseases.
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Burgener SS, Schroder K. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Host Defense. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a037028. [PMID: 31767647 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are produced in the bone marrow and then patrol blood vessels from which they can be rapidly recruited to a site of infection. Neutrophils bind, engulf, and efficiently kill invading microbes via a suite of defense mechanisms. Diverse extracellular and intracellular microbes induce neutrophils to extrude neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) through the process of NETosis. Here, we review the signaling mechanisms and cell biology underpinning the key NETosis pathways during infection and the antimicrobial functions of NETs in host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sofia Burgener
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
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Piantadosi CA. Mitochondrial DNA, oxidants, and innate immunity. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:455-461. [PMID: 31958498 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidant damage, including damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a feature of both severe microbial infections and inflammation arising from sterile (non-infectious) sources such as tissue trauma. Damaged mitochondria release intact or oxidized fragments of mtDNA into the cytoplasm, which represent oxidant injury, and the fragments promote a spontaneous innate immune response, exemplifying a modern frontier of immunological research. MtDNA and mitochondrial-derived oxidants are central factors in activating at least three innate immune pathways involving the TLR9 (Toll-like receptor 9), the NLRP3 (NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein-3) inflammasome, and the cGAS (cyclic AMP-GMP synthase) pathway. The events that allow mtDNA to escape from damaged mitochondria and from damaged cells are incompletely known, but the presence of cytoplasmic mtDNA and cell-free mtDNA as immune regulators are important for understanding the cell's capacity for protecting mitochondrial quality control (MQC) and cell viability during inflammatory states.
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Convolutional Neural Networks-Based Image Analysis for the Detection and Quantification of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020508. [PMID: 32102320 PMCID: PMC7072771 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over a decade ago, the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was described as a novel mechanism employed by neutrophils to tackle infections. Currently applied methods for NETs release quantification are often limited by the use of unspecific dyes and technical difficulties. Therefore, we aimed to develop a fully automatic image processing method for the detection and quantification of NETs based on live imaging with the use of DNA-staining dyes. For this purpose, we adopted a recently proposed Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model called Mask R-CNN. The adopted model detected objects with quality comparable to manual counting—Over 90% of detected cells were classified in the same manner as in manual labelling. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of GW 311616A (neutrophil elastase inhibitor) on NETs release, observed microscopically, was confirmed with the use of the CNN model but not by extracellular DNA release measurement. We have demonstrated that a modern CNN model outperforms a widely used quantification method based on the measurement of DNA release and can be a valuable tool to quantitate the formation process of NETs.
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Cell free DNA as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for cardiovascular diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 503:145-150. [PMID: 31978408 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Release of cell free DNA (cfDNA) from damaged or dead cells routinely occurs in normal physiology. Recently, cfDNA has emerged as an essential biomarker in cardiovascular disease (CVD) of potential prognostic and diagnostic significance. Within the last decade, significant research efforts have been devoted to uncovering the mechanisms mediating cfDNA release and its outcome-predicting ability. The current review focuses on the pathways for cfDNA release in myocardial infarction, heart failure and hypertension, and discusses implementation of cfDNA monitoring to assess the overall development of these disease states and predict future complications.
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Liu Y, Liu L. The pro-tumor effect and the anti-tumor effect of neutrophils extracellular traps. Biosci Trends 2019; 13:469-475. [PMID: 31866615 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2019.01326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Significant advances in our understanding of neutrophil biology were made in the past several years. A newly discovered mechanism was discovered, the formation of neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs). The structure of NETs is composed of the DNA strand and neutrophil granule proteins. NETs were found to have an association with tumor progression. This review highlights the latest knowledge about the controversial effect on tumors of NETs. Pro-tumor and anti-tumor effects are described respectively. The probable mechanisms of the anti-tumor effect are related to its direct killing of cancer cells or stimulation of the immune system to fight against the tumor. The pro-tumor effect has a correlation with matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), cathepsin G, and neutrophil elastase (NE). Moreover, the structure of the NETs makes it able to catch the circulating tumor cells, which could lead to metastasis. This review summarizes our knowledge about the proven roles of NETs in the progression of cancer with particular focus on the components of the NETs, and considers NETs as a potential target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lianxin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Zentsova I, Parackova Z, Kayserova J, Palova-Jelinkova L, Vrabcova P, Volfova N, Sumnik Z, Pruhova S, Petruzelkova L, Sediva A. Monocytes contribute to DNA sensing through the TBK1 signaling pathway in type 1 diabetes patients. J Autoimmun 2019; 105:102294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Agarwal S, Loder SJ, Cholok D, Li J, Bian G, Yalavarthi S, Li S, Carson WF, Hwang C, Marini S, Pagani C, Edwards N, Delano MJ, Standiford TJ, Knight JS, Kunkel SL, Mishina Y, Ward PA, Levi B. Disruption of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) Links Mechanical Strain to Post-traumatic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2148. [PMID: 31708911 PMCID: PMC6821718 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation after trauma is both critical to normal wound healing and may be highly detrimental when prolonged or unchecked with the potential to impair physiologic healing and promote de novo pathology. Mechanical strain after trauma is associated with impaired wound healing and increased inflammation. The exact mechanisms behind this are not fully elucidated. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a component of the neutrophil response to trauma, are implicated in a range of pro-inflammatory conditions. In the current study, we evaluated their role in linking movement and inflammation. We found that a link exists between the disruption and amplification of NETs which harbors the potential to regulate the wound's response to mechanical strain, while leaving the initial inflammatory signal necessary for physiologic wound healing intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh Agarwal
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Shawn J Loder
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - David Cholok
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - John Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Guowu Bian
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Srilakshmi Yalavarthi
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Shuli Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - William F Carson
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Charles Hwang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Simone Marini
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Chase Pagani
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nicole Edwards
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Matthew J Delano
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Theodore J Standiford
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jason S Knight
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Steven L Kunkel
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Peter A Ward
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Hidalgo AI, Carretta MD, Alarcón P, Manosalva C, Müller A, Navarro M, Hidalgo MA, Kaehne T, Taubert A, Hermosilla CR, Burgos RA. Pro-inflammatory mediators and neutrophils are increased in synovial fluid from heifers with acute ruminal acidosis. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:225. [PMID: 31269952 PMCID: PMC6610826 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1974-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute ruminal acidosis (ARA) is a metabolic disease of cattle characterized by an aseptic synovitis. ARA is the result of an increased intake of highly fermentable carbohydrates that frequently occurs in dairy cattle subjected to high production requirements. In human joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and gout, several pro-inflammatory molecules are increased in the synovial fluid, including cytokines, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), metalloproteinases, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The aim of this study was to identify the presence of proinflammatory mediators and neutrophils in the synovial fluid of heifers with ARA, induced by an oligofructose overload. Five heifers were challenged with an oligofructose overload (13 g/kg BW) dissolved in water. As a control, a similar vehicle volume was used in four heifers. Synovial fluid samples were collected from the tarso-crural joint and PGE2, IL-6, IL-1β, ATP, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), albumin, glucose, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), cellular free DNA, NETs, and serpin B1 were analyzed at 0, 9, and 24 h post treatment. RESULTS At 9 h post oligofructose overload, an increase of IL-1β, IL-6, PGE2, serpin B1 and LDH was detected in the joints when compared to the control group. At 24 h, the synovial fluid was yellowish, viscous, turbid, and contained abundant neutrophils. An increase of DNA-backbone-like traps, histone 3 (H3cit), aggregated neutrophil extracellular traps (aggNETs), and serpin B1 were observed 24 h post treatment. Furthermore, albumins, LDH, ATP, MMP-9, IL-6, and IL-1β were increased after 24 h. CONCLUSIONS The overall results indicate that IL-1β, IL-6 and PGE2, were the earliest proinflammatory parameters that increased in the synovial fluid of animals with ARA. Furthermore, the most sever inflammatory response in the joint was observed after 24 h and could be associated with a massive presence of neutrophils and release of aggNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra I Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - María D Carretta
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pablo Alarcón
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carolina Manosalva
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ananda Müller
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Max Navarro
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - María A Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Thilo Kaehne
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44-0, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anja Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carlos R Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rafael A Burgos
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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Schulz M, Zambrano F, Schuppe HC, Wagenlehner F, Taubert A, Gaertner U, Sánchez R, Hermosilla C. Monocyte-derived extracellular trap (MET) formation induces aggregation and affects motility of human spermatozoa in vitro. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2019; 65:357-366. [PMID: 31208212 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2019.1624873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The presence of bacteria and/or leukocytes can alter semen quality resulting in low sperm quality and infertility. Inflammation or infection increases the numbers of PMN or macrophages/monocytes in male genital tract. Release of extracellular traps (ETs) by leukocytes has been recognized as a novel mechanism of early host innate immunity, in response to invasive pathogens. This is the first work that evaluated the mechanism of triggered ETs in monocytes co-incubated with spermatozoa or bacteria and the effect on sperm function. Selected spermatozoa and human monocytes isolated from peripheral blood were obtained by healthy donors. Two experimental models were developed, one aseptic (non-infectious) incubating spermatozoa and monocytes, and septic models (infectious) incubating spermatozoa with monocytes and uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli). ETs of monocytes (METs) (DNA, global histone and citrullinated histones) were visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and immunofluorescence analyses. Progressive motility was performed at 0, 10, 30, 60, and 180 min after co-incubation with CASA system. SEM- and immunofluorescence-analyses revealed human spermatozoa alone or in the presence of E. coli as strong inducers METs. In aseptic model, the motility decreased to 65.2 ± 3.5% at 10 min of incubation and 29.3 ± 3.3% at 30 min (p < 0.001). In septic model, motility decreased to 44.5 ± 5.9% (10 min) and 12.7 ± 2.2% (30 min) (p < 0.001). MET-derived small spermatozoa aggregations were observed in both models. METs might physically block spermatozoa and decrease motility after a brief contact. This may impair male fertility, especially in patients with genital tract infections or chronic inflammation. Abbreviations: PMN: polymorphonuclear; ETs: extracellular traps; E. coli: Escherichia coli; METs: ETs of monocytes; SEM: scanning electron microscopy; NE: neutrophil elastase; MPO: myeloperoxidase; MAGI: male accessory gland infection; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; RT: room temperature; CFU: colony forming units; CASA: computer-aided sperm analysis; H4Cit3: histone H4 citrullinated 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Schulz
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Molecular Endocrinology, Center for Translational Medicine (CEMT-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera , Temuco , Chile.,Doctoral Program in Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera , Temuco , Chile.,Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Giessen , Giessen , Germany
| | - Fabiola Zambrano
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Molecular Endocrinology, Center for Translational Medicine (CEMT-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera , Temuco , Chile.,Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera , Temuco , Chile
| | - Hans-Christian Schuppe
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen , Giessen , Germany
| | - Florian Wagenlehner
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen , Giessen , Germany
| | - Anja Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Giessen , Giessen , Germany
| | - Ulrich Gaertner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen , Giessen , Germany
| | - Rául Sánchez
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Molecular Endocrinology, Center for Translational Medicine (CEMT-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera , Temuco , Chile.,Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera , Temuco , Chile
| | - Carlos Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Giessen , Giessen , Germany
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Nagarkoti S, Sadaf S, Awasthi D, Chandra T, Jagavelu K, Kumar S, Dikshit M. L-Arginine and tetrahydrobiopterin supported nitric oxide production is crucial for the microbicidal activity of neutrophils. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:281-292. [PMID: 30621514 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1566605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent report from this lab has shown role of Rac2 in the translocation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) to the phagosomal compartment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) following phagocytosis of beads. This study was undertaken to further assess the status and role of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a redox-sensitive cofactor, L-arginine, and the substrate of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in sustained nitric oxide (˙NO) production in killing of phagocytosed microbes (Escherichia coli) by human PMNs. Time-dependent study revealed consistent NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the PMNs following phagocytosis of beads. In addition, levels of L-arginine and BH4 were maintained or increased simultaneously to support the enzymatic activity of NOS in the bead activated PMNs. Moreover, translocation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) subunits along with iNOS was reconfirmed in the isolated phagosomes. We demonstrate that increase in the level of NO was supported by L-arginine and BH4 to kill E. coli, by using PMNs from NOS2-/- mice, human PMNs treated with biopterin inhibitor, N-acetyl serotonin (NAS), or by suspending human PMNs in L-arginine deficient medium. Altogether, this study demonstrates that following phagocytosis, sustained. NO production in the PMNs was well-maintained by redox sensitive cofactor, BH4 and substrate, and L-arginine to enable microbial killing. Further results suggest NO production in the human PMNs, along with ROS and myeloperoxidase (MPO) is important to execute antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheela Nagarkoti
- a Pharmacology Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - Samreen Sadaf
- a Pharmacology Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - Deepika Awasthi
- a Pharmacology Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | | | - Kumaravelu Jagavelu
- a Pharmacology Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- a Pharmacology Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- c Translational Health Science and Technology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster , Faridabad , India
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Haritha VH, Seena P, Shaji BV, Nithin TU, Hazeena VN, Anie Y. Monocyte clearance of apoptotic neutrophils is unhindered in the presence of NETosis, but proteins of NET trigger ETosis in monocytes. Immunol Lett 2019; 207:36-45. [PMID: 30738096 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Resolution of inflammation needs effective and timely removal of dead cells and other toxic products of neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages. In this study, we evaluated the role of monocytes in the clearance of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) and apoptotic neutrophils in the inflammation site. For this, monocytes were observed microscopically after exposing them with NETs and/or apoptotic bodies. A subset of monocytes exposed to NETs ejected extracellular traps and this was shown to be mediated by proteins like elastase and citrullinated histones present in NET supernatant. Monocytes showed a preference for the internalisation of the apoptotic body when both NET and apoptotic bodies were present in the medium. The study provides new insight into the role of monocytes in the clearance of NET and apoptotic neutrophils and this information may open up a way in formulating therapeutic strategies for accelerating resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V H Haritha
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 686560 Kerala, India.
| | - P Seena
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 686560 Kerala, India.
| | - Binchu V Shaji
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 686560 Kerala, India.
| | - T U Nithin
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 686560 Kerala, India.
| | - V N Hazeena
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 686560 Kerala, India.
| | - Y Anie
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 686560 Kerala, India.
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Díaz-Godínez C, Carrero JC. The state of art of neutrophil extracellular traps in protozoan and helminthic infections. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20180916. [PMID: 30498092 PMCID: PMC6328873 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are DNA fibers associated with histones, enzymes from neutrophil granules and anti-microbial peptides. NETs are released in a process denominated NETosis, which involves sequential steps that culminate with the DNA extrusion. NETosis has been described as a new mechanism of innate immunity related to defense against different pathogens. The initial studies of NETs were carried out with bacteria and fungi, but currently a large variety of microorganisms capable of inducing NETs have been described including protozoan and helminth parasites. Nevertheless, we have little knowledge about how NETosis process is carried out in response to the parasites, and about its implication in the resolution of this kind of disease. In the best case, the NETs entrap and kill parasites in vitro, but in others, immobilize the parasites without affecting their viability. Moreover, insufficient studies on the NETs in animal models of infections that would help to define their role, and the association of NETs with chronic inflammatory pathologies such as those occurring in several parasitic infections have left open the possibility of NETs contributing to pathology instead of protection. In this review, we focus on the reported mechanisms that lead to NET release by protozoan and helminth parasites and the evidence that support the role of NETosis in the resolution or pathogenesis of parasitic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Díaz-Godínez
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México D.F., México
| | - Julio C Carrero
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México D.F., México
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48
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Hu Y, Li H, Yan R, Wang C, Wang Y, Zhang C, Liu M, Zhou T, Zhu W, Zhang H, Dong N, Wu Q. Increased Neutrophil Activation and Plasma DNA Levels in Patients with Pre-Eclampsia. Thromb Haemost 2018; 118:2064-2073. [PMID: 30453347 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1675788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a chronic inflammatory disease in pregnancy, which is associated with enhanced blood coagulation and high thrombotic risk. To date, the mechanisms underlying such an association are not fully understood. Previous studies reported high levels of plasma deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in PE women, but the cellular source of the circulation DNA remains unknown. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that activated neutrophils undergoing cell death, also called NETosis, may be responsible for the elevated plasma DNA levels in PE women. We analysed plasma samples from non-pregnant, normal pregnant and PE women and found high levels of double-stranded DNA, myeloperoxidase (an abundant neutrophil granular enzyme) and histones (the major nucleosome proteins) in PE-derived samples, indicating increased NETosis in the maternal circulation. The high plasma DNA levels positively correlated with enhanced blood coagulation in PE women. When isolated neutrophils from normal individuals were incubated with PE-derived plasma, an elevated NETosis-stimulating activity was detected. Further experiments showed that endothelial micro-particles, but not soluble proteins, in the plasma were primarily responsible for the NETosis-stimulating activity in PE women. These results indicate that circulating micro-particles from damaged maternal endothelium are a potent stimulator for neutrophil activation and NETosis in PE women. Given the pro-coagulant and pro-thrombotic nature of granular and nuclear contents from neutrophils, enhanced systemic NETosis may represent an important mechanism underlying the hyper-coagulability and increased thrombotic risk in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yae Hu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hui Li
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Ruhong Yan
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Can Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weipei Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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Rabinovitch M. NETs Activate Pulmonary Arterial Endothelial Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 36:2035-7. [PMID: 27655779 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Rabinovitch
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
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50
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Díaz-Godínez C, Fonseca Z, Néquiz M, Laclette JP, Rosales C, Carrero JC. Entamoeba histolytica Trophozoites Induce a Rapid Non-classical NETosis Mechanism Independent of NOX2-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species and PAD4 Activity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:184. [PMID: 29922599 PMCID: PMC5996068 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are DNA fibers decorated with histones and antimicrobial proteins from cytoplasmic granules released into the extracellular space in a process denominated NETosis. The molecular pathways involved in NETosis have not been completely understood. Classical NETosis mechanisms involve the neutrophil elastase (NE) translocation to nucleus due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidase (NOX2) or the peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) activation in response to an increase in extracellular calcium influx; both mechanisms result in DNA decondensation. Previously, we reported that trophozoites and lipopeptidophosphoglycan from Entamoeba histolytica trigger NET release in human neutrophils. Here, we demonstrated in a quantitative manner that NETs were rapidly form upon treatment with amoebic trophozoites and involved both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). NETs formation depended on amoeba viability as heat-inactivated or paraformaldehyde-fixed amoebas were not able to induce NETs. Interestingly, ROS were not detected in neutrophils during their interaction with amoebas, which could explain why NOX2 inhibition using apocynin did not affect this NETosis. Surprisingly, whereas calcium chelation reduced NET release induced by amoebas, PAD4 inhibition by GSK484 failed to block DNA extrusion but, as expected, abolished NETosis induced by the calcium ionophore A23187. Additionally, NE translocation to the nucleus and serine-protease activity were necessary for NET release caused by amoeba. These data support the idea that E. histolytica trophozoites trigger NETosis by a rapid non-classical mechanism and that different mechanisms of NETs release exist depending on the stimuli used.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Díaz-Godínez
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Zayda Fonseca
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Néquiz
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Hospital General de México, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan P Laclette
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Rosales
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julio C Carrero
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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