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Sun A, Li Y, Zhu P, He X, Jiang Z, Kong Y, Liu C, Wang S. Dual-view transport of intensity phase imaging flow cytometry. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:5199-5207. [PMID: 37854577 PMCID: PMC10581798 DOI: 10.1364/boe.504863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we design multi-parameter phase imaging flow cytometry based on dual-view transport of intensity (MPFC), which integrates phase imaging and microfluidics to a microscope, to obtain single-shot quantitative phase imaging on cells flowing in the microfluidic channel. The MPFC system has been proven with simple configuration, accurate phase retrieval, high imaging contrast, and real-time imaging and has been successfully employed not only in imaging, recognizing, and analyzing the flowing cells even with high-flowing velocities but also in tracking cell motilities, including rotation and binary rotation. Current results suggest that our proposed MPFC provides an effective tool for imaging and analyzing cells in microfluidics and can be potentially used in both fundamental and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihui Sun
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yaxi Li
- Radiology Department, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Pengfei Zhu
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoliang He
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Zhilong Jiang
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuit Reliability Technology and Testing System & School of Electronics and Information Engineering, OptiX+ Laboratory, Wuxi University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214105, China
- Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory, China
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2
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Yastrebova ES, Gisich AV, Nekrasov VM, Gilev KV, Strokotov DI, Chernyshev AV, Karpenko AA, Maltsev VP. A light scatter based model relating erythrocyte vesiculation to lifetime in circulation. Cytometry A 2023; 103:712-722. [PMID: 37195007 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Methods for measuring erythrocyte age distribution are not available as a simple analytical tool. Most of them utilize the fluorescence or radioactive isotopes labeling to construct the age distribution and support physicians with aging indices of donor's erythrocytes. The age distribution of erythrocyte may be a useful snapshot of patient state over 120-days period of life. Previously, we introduced the enhanced assay of erythrocytes with measurement of 48 indices in four categories: concentration/content, morphology, aging and function (10.1002/cyto.a.24554). The aging category was formed by the indices based on the evaluation of the derived age of individual cells. The derived age does not exactly mean the real age of erythrocytes and its evaluation utilizes changes of cellular morphology during a lifespan. In this study, we are introducing the improved methodological approach that allows us to retrieve the derived age of individual erythrocytes, to construct the aging distribution, and to reform the aging category consisting of eight indices. The approach is based on the analysis of the erythrocyte vesiculation. The erythrocyte morphology is analyzed by scanning flow cytometry that measures the primary characteristics (diameter, thickness, and waist) of individual cells. The surface area (S) and sphericity index (SI) are calculated from the primary characteristics and the scattering diagram SI versus S is used in the evaluation of the derived age of each erythrocyte in a sample. We developed the algorithm to evaluate the derived age that provides eight indices in the aging category based on a model using light scatter features. The novel erythrocyte indices were measured for simulated cells and blood samples of 50 donors. We determined the first-ever reference intervals for these indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S Yastrebova
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alla V Gisich
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vyacheslav M Nekrasov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin V Gilev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry I Strokotov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei V Chernyshev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Karpenko
- State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Valeri P Maltsev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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3
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Ma Y, Dai T, Yu L, Ma L, An S, Wang Y, Liu M, Zheng J, Kong L, Zuo C, Gao P. Reflectional quantitative differential phase microscopy using polarized wavefront phase modulation. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200325. [PMID: 36752421 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative phase microscopy (QPM), as a label-free and nondestructive technique, has been playing an indispensable tool in biomedical imaging and industrial inspection. Herein, we introduce a reflectional quantitative differential phase microscopy (termed RQDPM) based on polarized wavefront phase modulation and partially coherent full-aperture illumination, which has high spatial resolution and spatio-temporal phase sensitivity and is applicable to opaque surfaces and turbid biological specimens. RQDPM does not require additional polarized devices and can be easily switched from reflectional mode to transmission mode. In addition, RQDPM inherits the characteristic of high axial resolution of differential interference contrast microscope, thereby providing topography for opaque surfaces. We experimentally demonstrate the reflectional phase imaging ability of RQDPM with several samples: semiconductor wafer, thick biological tissues, red blood cells, and Hela cells. Furthermore, we dynamically monitor the flow state of microspheres in a self-built microfluidic channel by using RQDPM converted into the transmission mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Taiqiang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lan Yu
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Ma
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sha An
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Liang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Zuo
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Gao
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
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4
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Chen C, Gu Y, Xiao Z, Wang H, He X, Jiang Z, Kong Y, Liu C, Xue L, Vargas J, Wang S. Automatic whole blood cell analysis from blood smear using label-free multi-modal imaging with deep neural networks. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1229:340401. [PMID: 36156229 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Whole blood cell analysis is widely used in medical applications since its results are indicators for diagnosing a series of diseases. In this work, we report automatic whole blood cell analysis from blood smear using label-free multi-modal imaging with deep neural networks. First, a commercial microscope equipped with our developed Phase Real-time Microscope Camera (PhaseRMiC) obtains both bright-field and quantitative phase images. Then, these images are automatically processed by our designed blood smear recognition networks (BSRNet) that recognize erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. Finally, blood cell parameters such as counts, shapes and volumes can be extracted according to both quantitative phase images and automatic recognition results. The proposed whole blood cell analysis technique provides high-quality blood cell images and supports accurate blood cell recognition and analysis. Moreover, this approach requires rather simple and cost-effective setups as well as easy and rapid sample preparations. Therefore, this proposed method has great potential application in blood testing aiming at disease diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yuanjie Gu
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Zhibo Xiao
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Hailun Wang
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoliang He
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Zhilong Jiang
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Liang Xue
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| | - Javier Vargas
- Applied Optics Complutense Group, Optics Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de CC. Físicas, Plaza de Ciencias, 1, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; OptiX+ Laboratory, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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5
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Vázquez M, Anfossi L, Ben-Yoav H, Diéguez L, Karopka T, Della Ventura B, Abalde-Cela S, Minopoli A, Di Nardo F, Shukla VK, Teixeira A, Tvarijonaviciute A, Franco-Martínez L. Use of some cost-effective technologies for a routine clinical pathology laboratory. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4330-4351. [PMID: 34664599 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00658d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Classically, the need for highly sophisticated instruments with important economic costs has been a major limiting factor for clinical pathology laboratories, especially in developing countries. With the aim of making clinical pathology more accessible, a wide variety of free or economical technologies have been developed worldwide in the last few years. 3D printing and Arduino approaches can provide up to 94% economical savings in hardware and instrumentation in comparison to commercial alternatives. The vast selection of point-of-care-tests (POCT) currently available also limits the need for specific instruments or personnel, as they can be used almost anywhere and by anyone. Lastly, there are dozens of free and libre digital tools available in health informatics. This review provides an overview of the state-of-the-art on cost-effective alternatives with applications in routine clinical pathology laboratories. In this context, a variety of technologies including 3D printing and Arduino, lateral flow assays, plasmonic biosensors, and microfluidics, as well as laboratory information systems, are discussed. This review aims to serve as an introduction to different technologies that can make clinical pathology more accessible and, therefore, contribute to achieve universal health coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Vázquez
- National Centre For Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Laura Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Giuria, 5, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Hadar Ben-Yoav
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory (NBEL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ilse Katz Institute of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Lorena Diéguez
- Medical Devices Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory - INL, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Bartolomeo Della Ventura
- Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 26, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Sara Abalde-Cela
- Medical Devices Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory - INL, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Antonio Minopoli
- Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 26, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Giuria, 5, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Vikas Kumar Shukla
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory (NBEL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ilse Katz Institute of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Alexandra Teixeira
- Medical Devices Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory - INL, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Lorena Franco-Martínez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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6
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Kaza N, Ojaghi A, Robles FE. Hemoglobin quantification in red blood cells via dry mass mapping based on UV absorption. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-210112LR. [PMID: 34378368 PMCID: PMC8353376 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.8.086501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The morphological properties and hemoglobin (Hb) content of red blood cells (RBCs) are essential biomarkers to diagnose or monitor various types of hematological disorders. Label-free mass mapping approaches enable accurate Hb quantification from individual cells, serving as promising alternatives to conventional hematology analyzers. Deep ultraviolet (UV) microscopy is one such technique that allows high-resolution, molecular imaging, and absorption-based mass mapping. AIM To compare UV absorption-based mass mapping at four UV wavelengths and understand variations across wavelengths and any assumptions necessary for accurate Hb quantification. APPROACH Whole blood smears are imaged with a multispectral UV microscopy system, and the RBCs' dry masses are computed. This approach is compared to quantitative phase imaging-based mass mapping using data from an interferometric UV imaging system. RESULTS Consistent Hb mass and mean corpuscular Hb values are obtained at all wavelengths, with the precision of the single-cell mass measurements being nearly identical at 220, 260, and 280 nm but slightly lower at 300 nm. CONCLUSIONS A full hematological analysis (including white blood cell identification and characterization, and Hb quantification) may be achieved using a single UV illumination wavelength, thereby improving the speed and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nischita Kaza
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Ashkan Ojaghi
- Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Francisco E. Robles
- Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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7
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Zheng B, Wille L, Peppel K, Hagen D, Matteson A, Ahlers J, Schaff J, Hua F, Yuraszeck T, Cobbina E, Apgar JF, Burke JM, Roberts J, Das R. A systems pharmacology model for gene therapy in sickle cell disease. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 10:696-708. [PMID: 34139105 PMCID: PMC8302248 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We developed a mathematical model for autologous stem cell therapy to cure sickle cell disease (SCD). Experimental therapies using this approach seek to engraft stem cells containing a curative gene. These stem cells are expected to produce a lifelong supply of red blood cells (RBCs) containing an anti‐sickling hemoglobin. This complex, multistep treatment is expensive, and there is limited patient data available from early clinical trials. Our objective was to quantify the impact of treatment parameters, such as initial stem cell dose, efficiency of lentiviral transduction, and degree of bone marrow preconditioning on engraftment efficiency, peripheral RBC numbers, and anti‐sickling hemoglobin levels over time. We used ordinary differential equations to model RBC production from progenitor cells in the bone marrow, and hemoglobin assembly from its constituent globin monomers. The model recapitulates observed RBC and hemoglobin levels in healthy and SCD phenotypes. Treatment simulations predict dynamics of stem cell engraftment and RBC containing the therapeutic gene product. Post‐treatment dynamics show an early phase of reconstitution due to short lived stem cells, followed by a sustained RBC production from stable engraftment of long‐term stem cells. This biphasic behavior was previously reported in the literature. Sensitivity analysis of the model quantified relationships between treatment parameters and efficacy. The initial dose of transduced stem cells, and the intensity of myeloablative bone marrow preconditioning are predicted to most positively impact long‐term outcomes. The quantitative systems pharmacology approach used here demonstrates the value of model‐assisted therapeutic design for gene therapies in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zheng
- CSL Behring, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lucia Wille
- Applied BioMath LLC, Concord, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - David Hagen
- Applied BioMath LLC, Concord, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - James Schaff
- Applied BioMath LLC, Concord, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fei Hua
- Applied BioMath LLC, Concord, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Theresa Yuraszeck
- CSL Behring, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Applied BioMath LLC, Concord, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - John M Burke
- Applied BioMath LLC, Concord, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Raibatak Das
- Applied BioMath LLC, Concord, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Paul R, Zhou Y, Nikfar M, Razizadeh M, Liu Y. Quantitative absorption imaging of red blood cells to determine physical and mechanical properties. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38923-38936. [PMID: 33240491 PMCID: PMC7685304 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05421f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells or erythrocytes, constituting 40 to 45 percent of the total volume of human blood are vesicles filled with hemoglobin with a fluid-like lipid bilayer membrane connected to a 2D spectrin network. The shape, volume, hemoglobin mass, and membrane stiffness of RBCs are important characteristics that influence their ability to circulate through the body and transport oxygen to tissues. In this study, we show that a simple two-LED set up in conjunction with standard microscope imaging can accurately determine the physical and mechanical properties of single RBCs. The Beer-Lambert law and undulatory motion dynamics of the membrane have been used to measure the total volume, hemoglobin mass, membrane tension coefficient, and bending modulus of RBCs. We also show that this method is sensitive enough to distinguish between the mechanical properties of RBCs during morphological changes from a typical discocyte to echinocytes and spherocytes. Measured values of the tension coefficient and bending modulus are 1.27 × 10-6 J m-2 and 7.09 × 10-2 J for discocytes, 4.80 × 10-6 J m-2 and 7.70 × 10-20 J for echinocytes, and 9.85 × 10-6 J m-2 and 9.69 × 10-20 J for spherocytes, respectively. This quantitative light absorption imaging reduces the complexity related to the quantitative imaging of the biophysical and mechanical properties of a single RBC that may lead to enhanced yet simplified point of care devices for analyzing blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratul Paul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvania 18015USA
| | - Yuyuan Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvania 18015USA
| | - Mehdi Nikfar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvania 18015USA
| | - Meghdad Razizadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvania 18015USA
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvania 18015USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvania 18015USA
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9
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Model MA. Cell Volume Measurements by Optical Transmission Microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 90:e62. [PMID: 31899599 DOI: 10.1002/cpcy.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cell volume is an important parameter in studying cell adaptation to anisosmotic stress, activation of monovalent ion channels, and cell death. This article describes a method for measurement of the volumes of adherent cells using a standard light microscope. A coverslip with attached cells is placed in a shallow chamber in a medium containing a strongly absorbing and cell-impermeant dye, Acid Blue 9. When such a sample is imaged in transmitted light at a wavelength of maximum dye absorption (630 nm), the resulting contrast quantitatively reflects cell thickness; once the thickness is known at every point, the volume can be computed as well. Technical details, interpretation of data, and possible artifacts are discussed. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Model
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
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10
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High-throughput assessment of hemoglobin polymer in single red blood cells from sickle cell patients under controlled oxygen tension. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:25236-25242. [PMID: 31767751 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914056116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is caused by a variant hemoglobin molecule that polymerizes inside red blood cells (RBCs) in reduced oxygen tension. Treatment development has been slow for this typically severe disease, but there is current optimism for curative gene transfer strategies to induce expression of fetal hemoglobin or other nonsickling hemoglobin isoforms. All SCD morbidity and mortality arise directly or indirectly from polymer formation in individual RBCs. Identifying patients at highest risk of complications and treatment candidates with the greatest curative potential therefore requires determining the amount of polymer in individual RBCs under controlled oxygen. Here, we report a semiquantitative measurement of hemoglobin polymer in single RBCs as a function of oxygen. The method takes advantage of the reduced oxygen affinity of hemoglobin polymer to infer polymer content for thousands of RBCs from their overall oxygen saturation. The method enables approaches for SCD treatment development and precision medicine.
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11
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Kang W, Huang H, Cai M, Li Y, Hou W, Yun F, Wu X, Xue L, Wang S, Liu F. On-site cell concentration and viability detections using smartphone based field-portable cell counter. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1077:216-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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12
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A Microfluidic Deformability Assessment of Pathological Red Blood Cells Flowing in a Hyperbolic Converging Microchannel. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10100645. [PMID: 31557932 PMCID: PMC6843121 DOI: 10.3390/mi10100645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The loss of the red blood cells (RBCs) deformability is related with many human diseases, such as malaria, hereditary spherocytosis, sickle cell disease, or renal diseases. Hence, during the last years, a variety of technologies have been proposed to gain insights into the factors affecting the RBCs deformability and their possible direct association with several blood pathologies. In this work, we present a simple microfluidic tool that provides the assessment of motions and deformations of RBCs of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients, under a well-controlled microenvironment. All of the flow studies were performed within a hyperbolic converging microchannels where single-cell deformability was assessed under a controlled homogeneous extensional flow field. By using a passive microfluidic device, RBCs passing through a hyperbolic-shaped contraction were measured by a high-speed video microscopy system, and the velocities and deformability ratios (DR) calculated. Blood samples from 27 individuals, including seven healthy controls and 20 having ESKD with or without diabetes, were analysed. The obtained data indicates that the proposed device is able to detect changes in DR of the RBCs, allowing for distinguishing the samples from the healthy controls and the patients. Overall, the deformability of ESKD patients with and without diabetes type II is lower in comparison with the RBCs from the healthy controls, with this difference being more evident for the group of ESKD patients with diabetes. RBCs from ESKD patients without diabetes elongate on average 8% less, within the hyperbolic contraction, as compared to healthy controls; whereas, RBCs from ESKD patients with diabetes elongate on average 14% less than the healthy controls. The proposed strategy can be easily transformed into a simple and inexpensive diagnostic microfluidic system to assess blood cells deformability due to the huge progress in image processing and high-speed microvisualization technology.
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13
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Gautam R, Xiang Y, Lamstein J, Liang Y, Bezryadina A, Liang G, Hansson T, Wetzel B, Preece D, White A, Silverman M, Kazarian S, Xu J, Morandotti R, Chen Z. Optical force-induced nonlinearity and self-guiding of light in human red blood cell suspensions. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:31. [PMID: 30886708 PMCID: PMC6414597 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Osmotic conditions play an important role in the cell properties of human red blood cells (RBCs), which are crucial for the pathological analysis of some blood diseases such as malaria. Over the past decades, numerous efforts have mainly focused on the study of the RBC biomechanical properties that arise from the unique deformability of erythrocytes. Here, we demonstrate nonlinear optical effects from human RBCs suspended in different osmotic solutions. Specifically, we observe self-trapping and scattering-resistant nonlinear propagation of a laser beam through RBC suspensions under all three osmotic conditions, where the strength of the optical nonlinearity increases with osmotic pressure on the cells. This tunable nonlinearity is attributed to optical forces, particularly the forward-scattering and gradient forces. Interestingly, in aged blood samples (with lysed cells), a notably different nonlinear behavior is observed due to the presence of free hemoglobin. We use a theoretical model with an optical force-mediated nonlocal nonlinearity to explain the experimental observations. Our work on light self-guiding through scattering bio-soft-matter may introduce new photonic tools for noninvasive biomedical imaging and medical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Gautam
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240 USA
| | - Yinxiao Xiang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA
- MOE Key Lab of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457 China
| | - Josh Lamstein
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA
- Guangxi Key Lab for Relativistic Astrophysics, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Lab of Novel Energy Materials and Related Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004 China
| | - Anna Bezryadina
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330 USA
| | - Guo Liang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA
| | - Tobias Hansson
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2 Canada
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, SE-581 83 Sweden
| | - Benjamin Wetzel
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2 Canada
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Sussex, Sussex House, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - Daryl Preece
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Adam White
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA
| | - Matthew Silverman
- Clinical Laboratory Science Program, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA
| | - Susan Kazarian
- Clinical Laboratory Science Program, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA
| | - Jingjun Xu
- MOE Key Lab of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457 China
| | - Roberto Morandotti
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2 Canada
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Tech. of China, Chengdu, 610054 China
- ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101 Russia
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA
- MOE Key Lab of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457 China
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14
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Yang F, Zhang Y, Cui X, Fan Y, Xue Y, Miao H, Li G. Extraction of Cell-Free Whole Blood Plasma Using a Dielectrophoresis-Based Microfluidic Device. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1800181. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 China
- Department of Pediatrics; The First Hospital of Jilin University; Jilin University; Changchun 130021 China
| | - Xi Cui
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 China
| | - Yutong Fan
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 China
| | - Ying Xue
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 China
| | - Haipeng Miao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 China
| | - Guiying Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 China
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 China
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15
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Roussel C, Monnier S, Dussiot M, Farcy E, Hermine O, Le Van Kim C, Colin Y, Piel M, Amireault P, Buffet PA. Fluorescence Exclusion: A Simple Method to Assess Projected Surface, Volume and Morphology of Red Blood Cells Stored in Blood Bank. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:164. [PMID: 29900172 PMCID: PMC5989133 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBC) ability to circulate is closely related to their surface area-to-volume ratio. A decrease in this ratio induces a decrease in RBC deformability that can lead to their retention and elimination in the spleen. We recently showed that a subpopulation of “small RBC” with reduced projected surface area accumulated upon storage in blood bank concentrates, but data on the volume of these altered RBC are lacking. So far, single cell measurement of RBC volume has remained a challenging task achieved by a few sophisticated methods some being subject to potential artifacts. We aimed to develop a reproducible and ergonomic method to assess simultaneously RBC volume and morphology at the single cell level. We adapted the fluorescence exclusion measurement of volume in nucleated cells to the measurement of RBC volume. This method requires no pre-treatment of the cell and can be performed in physiological or experimental buffer. In addition to RBC volume assessment, brightfield images enabling a precise definition of the morphology and the measurement of projected surface area can be generated simultaneously. We first verified that fluorescence exclusion is precise, reproducible and can quantify volume modifications following morphological changes induced by heating or incubation in non-physiological medium. We then used the method to characterize RBC stored for 42 days in SAG-M in blood bank conditions. Simultaneous determination of the volume, projected surface area and morphology allowed to evaluate the surface area-to-volume ratio of individual RBC upon storage. We observed a similar surface area-to-volume ratio in discocytes (D) and echinocytes I (EI), which decreased in EII (7%) and EIII (24%), sphero-echinocytes (SE; 41%) and spherocytes (S; 47%). If RBC dimensions determine indeed the ability of RBC to cross the spleen, these modifications are expected to induce the rapid splenic entrapment of the most morphologically altered RBC (EIII, SE, and S) and further support the hypothesis of a rapid clearance of the “small RBC” subpopulation by the spleen following transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Roussel
- Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge UMR_S1134, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de La Réunion, Université des Antilles, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications U1163, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ERL 8254, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Monnier
- Institut Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 144, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Michael Dussiot
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications U1163, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ERL 8254, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Hermine
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications U1163, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ERL 8254, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Le Van Kim
- Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge UMR_S1134, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de La Réunion, Université des Antilles, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Yves Colin
- Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge UMR_S1134, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de La Réunion, Université des Antilles, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 144, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Amireault
- Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge UMR_S1134, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de La Réunion, Université des Antilles, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications U1163, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ERL 8254, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pierre A Buffet
- Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge UMR_S1134, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de La Réunion, Université des Antilles, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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16
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Hosseini P, Jin D, Yaqoob Z, So PTC. Single-shot dual-wavelength interferometric microscopy. Methods 2018; 136:35-39. [PMID: 29079485 PMCID: PMC5857408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferometric microscopy (IM) can provide complex field information of the biological samples with high spatial and temporal resolution with virtually no photodamage. Measuring wavelength-dependent information in particular has a wide range of applications from cell and tissue refractometry to the cellular biophysical measurements. IM measurements at multiple wavelengths are typically associated with a loss in temporal resolution, field of view, stability, sensitivity, and may involve using expensive equipment such as tunable filters or spatial light modulators. Here, we present a novel and simple design for an interferometric microscope that provides single-shot off-axis interferometric measurements at two wavelengths by encoding the two spectral images at two orthogonal spatial frequencies that allows clean separation of information in the Fourier space with no resolution loss. We demonstrated accurate simultaneous quantification of polystyrene bead refractive indices at two wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poorya Hosseini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
| | - Di Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Zahid Yaqoob
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Peter T C So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
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17
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Svetina S. Investigating cell functioning by theoretical analysis of cell-to-cell variability. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2017; 46:739-748. [PMID: 28986665 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-017-1258-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Here we discuss cell-to-cell variability in isogenic cell populations on the basis of an analogy between the processes of vesicle self-reproduction and cell self-replication. A short review of the theoretical analysis of vesicle self-reproduction is presented to indicate that this process only occurs under the fulfillment of specific criteria: causal relations between the values of vesicle variables involved in its growth and division, and the parameters of the environment. It is shown that when division is asymmetric, both vesicle birth size and interdivision times are variable. We argue that during cell self-replication, the balance between processes of cell growth and division also relies on causal relations between the corresponding cellular variables. A possible method is suggested to unravel previously unidentified causal relations between cell variables from the relationships between their variability parameters such as the widths of their probability distributions and their correlation coefficients. The method is outlined by reviewing the results of the corresponding analysis applied to a population of red blood cells. Some novel research directions are suggested that could lead from the analysis of cell-to-cell variability to a better understanding of the organizational structure of cells and possibly also their evolutionary origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saša Svetina
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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18
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Abstract
Volume is an essential characteristic of a cell, and this review describes the main methods of its measurement that have been used in the past several decades. The discussed methods include various implementations of light scattering, estimates based on one or two cell dimensions, surface scanning, fluorescence confocal and transmission slice-by-slice imaging, intracellular volume markers, displacement of extracellular solution, quantitative phase imaging, radioactive methods, and some others. Suitability of these methods to some typical samples and applications is discussed. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Model
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
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19
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Phase and Index of Refraction Imaging by Hyperspectral Reflectance Confocal Microscopy. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121727. [PMID: 27999294 PMCID: PMC6274177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A hyperspectral reflectance confocal microscope (HSCM) was realized by CNR-ISC (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi) a few years ago. The instrument and data have been already presented and discussed. The main activity of this HSCM has been within biology, and reflectance data have shown good matching between spectral signatures and the nature or evolution on many types of cells. Such a relationship has been demonstrated mainly with statistical tools like Principal Component Analysis (PCA), or similar concepts, which represent a very common approach for hyperspectral imaging. However, the point is that reflectance data contains much more useful information and, moreover, there is an obvious interest to go from reflectance, bound to the single experiment, to reflectivity, or other physical quantities, related to the sample alone. To accomplish this aim, we can follow well-established analyses and methods used in reflectance spectroscopy. Therefore, we show methods of calculations for index of refraction n, extinction coefficient k and local thicknesses of frequency starting from phase images by fast Kramers-Kronig (KK) algorithms and the Abeles matrix formalism. Details, limitations and problems of the presented calculations as well as alternative procedures are given for an example of HSCM images of red blood cells (RBC).
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20
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Gienger J, Groß H, Neukammer J, Bär M. Determining the refractive index of human hemoglobin solutions by Kramers-Kronig relations with an improved absorption model. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:8951-8961. [PMID: 27828301 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.008951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The real part of the refractive index of aqueous solutions of human hemoglobin is computed from their absorption spectra in the wavelength range 250-1100 nm using the Kramers-Kronig (KK) relations, and the corresponding uncertainty analysis is provided. The strong ultraviolet (UV) and infrared absorbance of the water outside this spectral range were taken into account in a previous study employing KK relations. We improve these results by including the concentration dependence of the water absorbance as well as by modeling the deep UV absorbance of hemoglobin's peptide backbone. The two free parameters of the model for the deep UV absorbance are fixed by a global fit.
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21
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A Microfluidic Approach for Inducing Cell Rotation by Means of Hydrodynamic Forces. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16081326. [PMID: 27548187 PMCID: PMC5017491 DOI: 10.3390/s16081326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic technology allows to realize devices in which cells can be imaged in their three-dimensional shape. However, there are still some limitations in the method, due to the fact that cells follow a straight path while they are flowing in a channel. This can result in a loss in information, since only one side of the cell will be visible. Our work has started from the consideration that if a cell rotates, it is possible to overcome this problem. Several approaches have been proposed for cell manipulation in microfluidics. In our approach, cells are controlled by only taking advantages of hydrodynamic forces. Two different devices have been designed, realized, and tested. The first device induces cell rotation in a plane that is parallel (in-plane) to the observation plane, while the second one induce rotation in a plane perpendicular (out-of-plane) to the observation plane.
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22
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Jagannadh VK, Gopakumar G, Subrahmanyam GRKS, Gorthi SS. Microfluidic microscopy-assisted label-free approach for cancer screening: automated microfluidic cytology for cancer screening. Med Biol Eng Comput 2016; 55:711-718. [PMID: 27447709 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-016-1549-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Each year, about 7-8 million deaths occur due to cancer around the world. More than half of the cancer-related deaths occur in the less-developed parts of the world. Cancer mortality rate can be reduced with early detection and subsequent treatment of the disease. In this paper, we introduce a microfluidic microscopy-based cost-effective and label-free approach for identification of cancerous cells. We outline a diagnostic framework for the same and detail an instrumentation layout. We have employed classical computer vision techniques such as 2D principal component analysis-based cell type representation followed by support vector machine-based classification. Analogous to criminal face recognition systems implemented with help of surveillance cameras, a signature-based approach for cancerous cell identification using microfluidic microscopy surveillance is demonstrated. Such a platform would facilitate affordable mass screening camps in the developing countries and therefore help decrease cancer mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerendra Kalyan Jagannadh
- Optics and Microfluidics Instrumentation Lab, Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Malleshwaram, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - G Gopakumar
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695547, India
| | - Gorthi R K Sai Subrahmanyam
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695547, India
| | - Sai Siva Gorthi
- Optics and Microfluidics Instrumentation Lab, Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Malleshwaram, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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23
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Lau AKS, Shum HC, Wong KKY, Tsia KK. Optofluidic time-stretch imaging - an emerging tool for high-throughput imaging flow cytometry. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:1743-56. [PMID: 27099993 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01458a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Optical imaging is arguably the most effective tool to visualize living cells with high spatiotemporal resolution and in a nearly noninvasive manner. Driven by this capability, state-of-the-art cellular assay techniques have increasingly been adopting optical imaging for classifying different cell types/stages, and thus dissecting the respective cellular functions. However, it is still a daunting task to image and characterize cell-to-cell variability within an enormous and heterogeneous population - an unmet need in single-cell analysis, which is now widely advocated in modern biology and clinical diagnostics. The challenge stems from the fact that current optical imaging technologies still lack the practical speed and sensitivity for measuring thousands to millions of cells down to the single-cell precision. Adopting the wisdom in high-speed fiber-optics communication, optical time-stretch imaging has emerged as a completely new optical imaging concept which is now proven for ultrahigh-throughput optofluidic single-cell imaging, at least 1-2 orders-of-magnitude higher (up to ∼100 000 cells per second) compared to the existing imaging flow cytometers. It also uniquely enables quantification of intrinsic biophysical markers of individual cells - a largely unexploited class of single-cell signatures that is known to be correlated with the overwhelmingly investigated biochemical markers. With the aim of reaching a wider spectrum of experts specializing in cellular assay developments and applications, this paper highlights the essential basics of optical time-stretch imaging, followed by reviewing the recent developments and applications of optofluidic time-stretch imaging. We will also discuss the current challenges of this technology, in terms of providing new insights in basic biology and enriching the clinical diagnostic toolsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy K S Lau
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ho Cheung Shum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth K Y Wong
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kevin K Tsia
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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24
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Volume measurements and fluorescent staining indicate an increase in permeability for organic cation transporter substrates during apoptosis. Exp Cell Res 2016; 344:112-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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25
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Ossowski P, Raiter-Smiljanic A, Szkulmowska A, Bukowska D, Wiese M, Derzsi L, Eljaszewicz A, Garstecki P, Wojtkowski M. Differentiation of morphotic elements in human blood using optical coherence tomography and a microfluidic setup. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:27724-38. [PMID: 26480435 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.027724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel optical method for the detection and differentiation between erythrocytes and leukocytes that uses amplitude and phase information provided by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Biological cells can introduce significant phase modulation with substantial scattering anisotropy and dominant forward-scattered light. Such physical properties may favor the use of a trans-illumination imaging technique. However, an epi-illumination mode may be more practical and robust in many applications. This study describes a new way of measuring the phase modulation introduced by flowing microobjects. The novel part of this invention is that it uses the backscattered signal from the substrate located below the flowing/moving objects. The identification of cells is based on phase-sensitive OCT signals. To differentiate single cells, a custom-designed microfluidic device with a highly scattering substrate is introduced. The microchannels are molded in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mixed with titanium dioxide (TiO2) to ensure high scattering properties. The statistical parameters of the measured signal depend on the cells' features, such as their size, shape, and internal structure.
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26
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Abstract
Oxygen is transported throughout the body by hemoglobin (Hb) in red blood cells (RBCs). Although the oxygen affinity of blood is well-understood and routinely assessed in patients by pulse oximetry, variability at the single-cell level has not been previously measured. In contrast, single-cell measurements of RBC volume and Hb concentration are taken millions of times per day by clinical hematology analyzers, and they are important factors in determining the health of the hematologic system. To better understand the variability and determinants of oxygen affinity on a cellular level, we have developed a system that quantifies the oxygen saturation, cell volume, and Hb concentration for individual RBCs in high throughput. We find that the variability in single-cell saturation peaks at an oxygen partial pressure of 2.9%, which corresponds to the maximum slope of the oxygen-Hb dissociation curve. In addition, single-cell oxygen affinity is positively correlated with Hb concentration but independent of osmolarity, which suggests variation in the Hb to 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2-3 DPG) ratio on a cellular level. By quantifying the functional behavior of a cellular population, our system adds a dimension to blood cell analysis and other measurements of single-cell variability.
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27
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A. Model M. Cell Volume Measurements by Optical Transmission Microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 72:12.39.1-12.39.9. [DOI: 10.1002/0471142956.cy1239s72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Model
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University Kent Ohio
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28
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Schonbrun E, Di Caprio G. Differentiating neutrophils using the optical coulter counter. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:111205. [PMID: 26187324 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.11.111205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present an optofluidic measurement system that quantifies cell volume, dry mass, and nuclear morphology of neutrophils in high-throughput. While current clinical hematology analyzers can differentiate neutrophils from a blood sample, they do not give other quantitative information beyond their count. In order to better understand the distribution of neutrophil phenotypes in a blood sample, we perform two distinct multivariate measurements. In both measurements, white blood cells are driven through a microfluidic channel and imaged while in flow onto a color camera using a single exposure. In the first measurement, we quantify cell volume, scattering strength, and cell dry mass by combining quantitative phase imaging with dye exclusion cell volumetric imaging. In the second measurement, we quantify cell volume and nuclear morphology using a nucleic acid fluorescent stain. In this way, we can correlate cell volume to other cellular characteristics, which would not be possible using an electrical coulter counter. Unlike phase imaging or cell scattering analysis, the optical coulter counter is capable of quantifying cell volume virtually independent of the cell’s refractive index and unlike optical tomography, measurements are possible on quickly flowing cells, enabling high-throughput.
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29
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Profiling individual human red blood cells using common-path diffraction optical tomography. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6659. [PMID: 25322756 PMCID: PMC4200412 DOI: 10.1038/srep06659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its strong correlation with the pathophysiology of many diseases, information about human red blood cells (RBCs) has a crucial function in hematology. Therefore, measuring and understanding the morphological, chemical, and mechanical properties of individual RBCs is a key to understanding the pathophysiology of a number of diseases in hematology, as well as to opening up new possibilities for diagnosing diseases in their early stages. In this study, we present the simultaneous and quantitative measurement of the morphological, chemical, and mechanical parameters of individual RBCs employing optical holographic microtomography. In addition, it is demonstrated that the correlation analyses of these RBC parameters provide unique information for distinguishing and understanding diseases.
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Malka R, Delgado FF, Manalis SR, Higgins JM. In vivo volume and hemoglobin dynamics of human red blood cells. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1003839. [PMID: 25299941 PMCID: PMC4191880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human red blood cells (RBCs) lose ∼30% of their volume and ∼20% of their hemoglobin (Hb) content during their ∼100-day lifespan in the bloodstream. These observations are well-documented, but the mechanisms for these volume and hemoglobin loss events are not clear. RBCs shed hemoglobin-containing vesicles during their life in the circulation, and this process is thought to dominate the changes in the RBC physical characteristics occurring during maturation. We combine theory with single-cell measurements to investigate the impact of vesiculation on the reduction in volume, Hb mass, and membrane. We show that vesicle shedding alone is sufficient to explain membrane losses but not volume or Hb losses. We use dry mass measurements of human RBCs to validate the models and to propose that additional unknown mechanisms control volume and Hb reduction and are responsible for ∼90% of the observed reduction. RBC population characteristics are used in the clinic to monitor and diagnose a wide range of conditions including malnutrition, inflammation, and cancer. Quantitative characterization of cellular maturation processes may help in the early detection of clinical conditions where maturation patterns are altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Malka
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RM); (JMH)
| | - Francisco Feijó Delgado
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Scott R. Manalis
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John M. Higgins
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RM); (JMH)
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Tomaiuolo G. Biomechanical properties of red blood cells in health and disease towards microfluidics. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:051501. [PMID: 25332724 PMCID: PMC4189537 DOI: 10.1063/1.4895755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) possess a unique capacity for undergoing cellular deformation to navigate across various human microcirculation vessels, enabling them to pass through capillaries that are smaller than their diameter and to carry out their role as gas carriers between blood and tissues. Since there is growing evidence that red blood cell deformability is impaired in some pathological conditions, measurement of RBC deformability has been the focus of numerous studies over the past decades. Nevertheless, reports on healthy and pathological RBCs are currently limited and, in many cases, are not expressed in terms of well-defined cell membrane parameters such as elasticity and viscosity. Hence, it is often difficult to integrate these results into the basic understanding of RBC behaviour, as well as into clinical applications. The aim of this review is to summarize currently available reports on RBC deformability and to highlight its association with various human diseases such as hereditary disorders (e.g., spherocytosis, elliptocytosis, ovalocytosis, and stomatocytosis), metabolic disorders (e.g., diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, obesity), adenosine triphosphate-induced membrane changes, oxidative stress, and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Microfluidic techniques have been identified as the key to develop state-of-the-art dynamic experimental models for elucidating the significance of RBC membrane alterations in pathological conditions and the role that such alterations play in the microvasculature flow dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Tomaiuolo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II , Piazzale Tecchio 80, Napoli 80125, Italy and CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate , Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, Napoli 80145, Italy
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