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Grams KJ, Neumueller SE, Mouradian GC, Burgraff NJ, Hodges MR, Pan L, Forster HV. Mild and moderate chronic hypercapnia elicit distinct transcriptomic responses of immune function in cardiorespiratory nuclei. Physiol Genomics 2023; 55:487-503. [PMID: 37602394 PMCID: PMC11178267 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00038.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypercapnia (CH) is a hallmark of respiratory-related diseases, and the level of hypercapnia can acutely or progressively become more severe. Previously, we have shown time-dependent adaptations in steady-state physiology during mild (arterial Pco2 ∼55 mmHg) and moderate (∼60 mmHg) CH in adult goats, including transient (mild CH) or sustained (moderate CH) suppression of acute chemosensitivity suggesting limitations in adaptive respiratory control mechanisms as the level of CH increases. Changes in specific markers of glutamate receptor plasticity, interleukin-1ß, and serotonergic modulation within key nodes of cardiorespiratory control do not fully account for the physiological adaptations to CH. Here, we used an unbiased approach (bulk tissue RNA sequencing) to test the hypothesis that mild or moderate CH elicits distinct gene expression profiles in important brain stem regions of cardiorespiratory control, which may explain the contrasting responses to CH. Gene expression profiles from the brain regions validated the accuracy of tissue biopsy methodology. Differential gene expression analyses revealed greater effects of CH on brain stem sites compared with the medial prefrontal cortex. Mild CH elicited an upregulation of predominantly immune-related genes and predicted activation of immune-related pathways and functions. In contrast, moderate CH broadly led to downregulation of genes and predicted inactivation of cellular pathways related to the immune response and vascular function. These data suggest that mild CH leads to a steady-state activation of neuroinflammatory pathways within the brain stem, whereas moderate CH drives the opposite response. Transcriptional shifts in immune-related functions may underlie the cardiorespiratory network's capability to respond to acute, more severe hypercapnia when in a state of progressively increased CH.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Mild chronic hypercapnia (CH) broadly upregulated immune-related genes and a predicted activation of biological pathways related to immune cell activity and the overall immune response. In contrast, moderate CH primarily downregulated genes related to major histocompatibility complex signaling and vasculature function that led to a predicted inactivation of pathways involving the immune response and vascular endothelial function. The severity-dependent effect on immune responses suggests that neuroinflammation has an important role in CH and may be important in the maintenance of proper ventilatory responses to acute and chronic hypercapnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstyn J Grams
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Suzanne E Neumueller
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Gary C Mouradian
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Nicholas J Burgraff
- Center for Integrated Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Matthew R Hodges
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Lawrence Pan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Hubert V Forster
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
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Kolb KL, Mira ALS, Auer ED, Bucco ID, de Lima e Silva CE, dos Santos PI, Hoch VBB, Oliveira LC, Hauser AB, Hundt JE, Shuldiner AR, Lopes FL, Boysen TJ, Franke A, Pinto LFR, Soares-Lima SC, Kretzschmar GC, Boldt ABW. Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene ( NR3C1) Polymorphisms and Metabolic Syndrome: Insights from the Mennonite Population. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1805. [PMID: 37761945 PMCID: PMC10530687 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is associated with polymorphisms and the methylation degree of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) and is potentially involved in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). In order to evaluate the association between MetS with the polymorphisms, methylation, and gene expression of the NR3C1 in the genetically isolated Brazilian Mennonite population, we genotyped 20 NR3C1 polymorphisms in 74 affected (MetS) and 138 unaffected individuals without affected first-degree relatives (Co), using exome sequencing, as well as five variants from non-exonic regions, in 70 MetS and 166 Co, using mass spectrometry. The methylation levels of 11 1F CpG sites were quantified using pyrosequencing (66 MetS and 141 Co), and the NR3C1 expression was evaluated via RT-qPCR (14 MetS and 25 Co). Age, physical activity, and family environment during childhood were associated with MetS. Susceptibility to MetS, independent of these factors, was associated with homozygosity for rs10482605*C (OR = 4.74, pcorr = 0.024) and the haplotype containing TTCGTTGATT (rs3806855*T_ rs3806854*T_rs10482605*C_rs10482614*G_rs6188*T_rs258813*T_rs33944801*G_rs34176759*A_rs17209258*T_rs6196*T, OR = 4.74, pcorr = 0.048), as well as for the CCT haplotype (rs41423247*C_ rs6877893*C_rs258763*T), OR = 6.02, pcorr = 0.030), but not to the differences in methylation or gene expression. Thus, NR3C1 polymorphisms seem to modulate the susceptibility to MetS in Mennonites, independently of lifestyle and early childhood events, and their role seems to be unrelated to DNA methylation and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Liedtke Kolb
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; (K.L.K.); (A.L.S.M.); (E.D.A.); (I.D.B.); (C.E.d.L.e.S.); (P.I.d.S.); (V.B.-B.H.); (L.C.O.); (G.C.K.)
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Sprotte Mira
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; (K.L.K.); (A.L.S.M.); (E.D.A.); (I.D.B.); (C.E.d.L.e.S.); (P.I.d.S.); (V.B.-B.H.); (L.C.O.); (G.C.K.)
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Delabio Auer
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; (K.L.K.); (A.L.S.M.); (E.D.A.); (I.D.B.); (C.E.d.L.e.S.); (P.I.d.S.); (V.B.-B.H.); (L.C.O.); (G.C.K.)
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil
| | - Isabela Dall’Oglio Bucco
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; (K.L.K.); (A.L.S.M.); (E.D.A.); (I.D.B.); (C.E.d.L.e.S.); (P.I.d.S.); (V.B.-B.H.); (L.C.O.); (G.C.K.)
| | - Carla Eduarda de Lima e Silva
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; (K.L.K.); (A.L.S.M.); (E.D.A.); (I.D.B.); (C.E.d.L.e.S.); (P.I.d.S.); (V.B.-B.H.); (L.C.O.); (G.C.K.)
| | - Priscila Ianzen dos Santos
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; (K.L.K.); (A.L.S.M.); (E.D.A.); (I.D.B.); (C.E.d.L.e.S.); (P.I.d.S.); (V.B.-B.H.); (L.C.O.); (G.C.K.)
- Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic Department, UFPR, Rua General Carneiro, 181, 11th Floor, Alto da Glória, Curitiba 80210-170, PR, Brazil
| | - Valéria Bumiller-Bini Hoch
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; (K.L.K.); (A.L.S.M.); (E.D.A.); (I.D.B.); (C.E.d.L.e.S.); (P.I.d.S.); (V.B.-B.H.); (L.C.O.); (G.C.K.)
| | - Luana Caroline Oliveira
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; (K.L.K.); (A.L.S.M.); (E.D.A.); (I.D.B.); (C.E.d.L.e.S.); (P.I.d.S.); (V.B.-B.H.); (L.C.O.); (G.C.K.)
| | - Aline Borsato Hauser
- Laboratory School of Clinical Analysis, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Av. Pref. Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba 80210-170, PR, Brazil;
| | - Jennifer Elisabeth Hundt
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee, 160, Haus 32, 23562 Lübeck, Germany;
| | - Alan R. Shuldiner
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA;
| | - Fabiana Leão Lopes
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University Rio de Janeiro, Av. Venceslau Brás, 71, Rio de Janeiro 22290-140, RJ, Brazil
| | - Teide-Jens Boysen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (T.-J.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (T.-J.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, RJ, Brazil; (L.F.R.P.); (S.C.S.-L.)
| | - Sheila Coelho Soares-Lima
- Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, RJ, Brazil; (L.F.R.P.); (S.C.S.-L.)
| | - Gabriela Canalli Kretzschmar
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; (K.L.K.); (A.L.S.M.); (E.D.A.); (I.D.B.); (C.E.d.L.e.S.); (P.I.d.S.); (V.B.-B.H.); (L.C.O.); (G.C.K.)
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Iguaçu, 333, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
| | - Angelica Beate Winter Boldt
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; (K.L.K.); (A.L.S.M.); (E.D.A.); (I.D.B.); (C.E.d.L.e.S.); (P.I.d.S.); (V.B.-B.H.); (L.C.O.); (G.C.K.)
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil
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Ortiz R, Kluwe B, Lazarus S, Teruel MN, Joseph JJ. Cortisol and cardiometabolic disease: a target for advancing health equity. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:786-797. [PMID: 36266164 PMCID: PMC9676046 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Stress, in both intrinsic psychosocial and extrinsic physical environmental forms, can impact the development of, and outcomes in, cardiovascular disease (CVD) through allostatic load. Cortisol is a core hormonal mediator of allostatic load produced in response to various stresses. Alterations in morning serum cortisol and daily diurnal cortisol have been associated with adiposity, dyslipidemia, incident diabetes, and CVDs such as hypertension. The review examines the role of cortisol as a key mechanistic link between stress physiology and cardiometabolic disease. Importantly, we discuss the role of targeting cortisol through pharmacological, behavioral, and environmental interventions to advance health equity in cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Ortiz
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Excellence of Health Equity, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bjorn Kluwe
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sophie Lazarus
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mary N Teruel
- Department of Biochemistry and the Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua J Joseph
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Amin M, Syed S, Wu R, Postolache TT, Gragnoli C. Familial Linkage and Association of the NR3C1 Gene with Type 2 Diabetes and Depression Comorbidity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911951. [PMID: 36233250 PMCID: PMC9569497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and cortisol pathway may be major contributing factors to the common pathogenesis of major depressive disorders (MDD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). A significant player in the neuroendocrine HPA axis and cortisol response is the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which is encoded by the nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member (NR3C1) gene. Variants in the NR3C1 gene have been reported in patients with MDD and obesity and found to confer reduced risk for quantitative metabolic traits and T2D in Cushing syndrome; variants have not been reported in T2D and MDD-T2D comorbid patients. We studied 212 original Italian families with a rich family history for T2D and tested 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NR3C1 gene for linkage to and linkage disequilibrium (LD) with T2D and MDD across different inheritance models. We identified a total of 6 novel SNPs significantly linked/in LD to/with T2D (rs6196, rs10482633, rs13186836, rs13184611, rs10482681 and rs258751) and 1 SNP (rs10482668) significantly linked to/in LD with both T2D and MDD. These findings expand understanding of the role that NR3C1 variants play in modulating the risk of T2D-MDD comorbidity. Replication and functional studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutaz Amin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), US14-Orphanet, 75014 Paris, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum 11121, Sudan
| | - Shumail Syed
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68124, USA
| | - Rongling Wu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Statistics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Teodor Tudorel Postolache
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Denver, CO 80246, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 5, VA Capitol Health Care Network, Baltimore, MD 21090, USA
| | - Claudia Gragnoli
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68124, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bios Biotech Multi-Diagnostic Health Center, 00197 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(508)-246-9330
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Gupta S, Guleria RS. Involvement of Nuclear Factor-κB in Inflammation and Neuronal Plasticity Associated with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132034. [PMID: 35805118 PMCID: PMC9265339 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychiatric condition which develops either due to stress or witnessing a traumatic situation. PTSD is characterized by acute and chronic stress response exhibit anxiety, fear, and an increased inflammatory etiology. Inflammation contributes a critical role in several parts of the brain that control fear and flashback cognatic function. It is known that impairment of the neurological circuit leads to the development of PTSD. Evidence has suggested that dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and inflammatory responsiveness are pivotal and a greater risk in PTSD. NF-κB, a master regulator for inflammation, has been showed to modulate memory reconsolidation and synaptic plasticity; however, NF-κB’s association with PTSD remain elusive. In this review, we provide relevant findings regarding NF-κB activity in various components of brain and describe a potential mechanism linking PTSD using preclinical and clinical models. We envisage NF-κB signaling as a crucial mediator for inflammation, cognitive function, memory restoration and behavioral actions of stress and suggest that it could be used for therapeutic intervention in PTSD.
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Dai Y, Ni S, Wu F, Guo S, Zhao X, Wang J. ABCB1 gene polymorphisms impact the effect of high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone therapy on optic neuritis associated with AQP4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. J Clin Pharm Ther 2022; 47:1379-1387. [PMID: 35488449 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Patients with optic neuritis (ON) have significant individual differences in their response to high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone (HIMP) therapy. This study aims to evaluate the association between gene polymorphisms and the efficacy of HIMP therapy in Chinese Han patients with ON mediated by aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G antibody (AQP4-IgG) -positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) or multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS Chinese Han patients with AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD-ON or MS-ON were genotyped for four candidate genes: ABCB1 (rs1045642, rs1128503, rs2032582), NR3C1 (rs41423247), TBX21 (rs9910408, rs16947078) and VDR (rs731236, rs1544410, rs7975232, rs2228570). Patients were divided into glucocorticoid resistance (GR) and glucocorticoid sensitivity (GS) groups based on vision acuity (VA) improvement after HIMP treatment. Intergroup comparisons were performed on clinical characteristics, allele and genotype frequencies and haplotype distributions. RESULTS A total of 267 patients completed the follow-up, including 120 patients with AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD-ON and 147 patients with MS-ON. We observed a significant association between the ABCB1 G2677T/A (rs2032582) polymorphism and glucocorticoid response in AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD-ON patients. Changes in VA scores in patients with the GG genotype were significantly lower than those in patients with the T/A T/A genotype (1.07 ± 1.20 vs. 1.77 ± 1.31, p = 0.026). In the GS group, the G allele had a lower frequency than the T/A allele (32.03% vs. 60.16%, p = 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the G2677T/A GG and G T/A genotypes could increase the GR risk 3.53 and 2.67 times compared with the T/A T/A genotype, respectively (OR = 3.534, 95% CI: 1.186-10.527, p = 0.023; OR = 2.675, 95% CI: 1.005-7.123, p = 0.049). In addition, haplotype analysis showed that AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD-ON patients with the TAT/TTT haplotype (ABCB1 C3435T-G2677T/A-C1236T) were only 0.54 times more likely to develop GR than those with other haplotypes (OR = 0.542, 95% CI: 0.315-0.932, p = 0.026). However, we did not observe intergroup differences in the MS-ON population. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the G > T/A polymorphism of ABCB1 G2677T/A and the TAT/TTT haplotype played a protective role in HIMP treatment of AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD-ON but not MS-ON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Dai
- National Institute for Drug Clinical Trial, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyang Ni
- National Institute for Drug Clinical Trial, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wu
- National Institute for Drug Clinical Trial, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaojie Guo
- National Institute for Drug Clinical Trial, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuli Zhao
- National Institute for Drug Clinical Trial, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Zawiejska A, Bogacz A, Iciek R, Lewicka-Rabska A, Brązert M, Mikołajczak P, Brązert J. A 646C > G (rs41423247) polymorphism of the glucocorticoid receptor as a risk factor for hyperglycaemia diagnosed in pregnancy-data from an observational study. Acta Diabetol 2022; 59:259-267. [PMID: 34648084 PMCID: PMC8841327 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01799-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Hyperglycaemia diagnosed in pregnancy (HiP) is a serious and frequent complication of pregnancy, increasing the risk for adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Investigate whether allelic variations of the glucocorticoid receptor are related to an increased risk of HiP. METHOD The following polymorphisms of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) were investigated in the cohort study of N = 197 pregnant women with HiP and N = 133 normoglycemic pregnant controls: 646C > G (rs41423247), N363S (rs6195), ER23/22EK (rs6190, rs6189). RESULTS A GG variant of the rs41423247 polymorphism was associated with a significantly higher risk for HiP: OR 1.94 (1.18; 3.18), p = 0.009. The relationship remained significant after controlling for maternal age and prepregnancy BMI: OR 3.09 (1.25; 7.64), p = 0.014. CONCLUSIONS The allelic GG variant of the 646C > G (rs41423247) polymorphism is associated with an increased risk for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Zawiejska
- Chair of Medical Education, Department of Medical Simulation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Bogacz
- Institute of Natural Fibers and Medicinal Plants, National Research Institute, Poznan, Poland
| | - Rafał Iciek
- Department of Obstetrics and Women’s Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lewicka-Rabska
- Department of Hypertension, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Brązert
- Department of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Jacek Brązert
- Department of Obstetrics and Women’s Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Osei F, Block A, Wippert PM. Association of primary allostatic load mediators and metabolic syndrome (MetS): A systematic review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:946740. [PMID: 36482995 PMCID: PMC9724739 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.946740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Allostatic load (AL) exposure may cause detrimental effects on the neuroendocrine system, leading to metabolic syndrome (MetS). The primary mediators of AL involve serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS; a functional HPA axis antagonist); further, cortisol, urinary norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (EPI) excretion levels (assessed within 12-h urine as a golden standard for the evaluation of the HPA axis activity and sympathetic nervous system activity). However, the evidence of an association between the primary mediators of AL and MetS is limited. This systematic review aimed to critically examine the association between the primary mediators of AL and MetS. PubMed and Web of Science were searched for articles from January 2010 to December 2021, published in English. The search strategy focused on cross-sectional and case-control studies comprising adult participants with MetS, obesity, overweight, and without chronic diseases. The STROBE checklist was used to assess study quality control. Of 770 studies, twenty-one studies with a total sample size (n = 10,666) met the eligibility criteria. Eighteen studies were cross-sectional, and three were case-control studies. The included studies had a completeness of reporting score of COR % = 87.0 ± 6.4%. It is to be noted, that cortisol as a primary mediator of AL showed an association with MetS in 50% (urinary cortisol), 40% (serum cortisol), 60% (salivary cortisol), and 100% (hair cortisol) of the studies. For DHEAS, it is to conclude that 60% of the studies showed an association with MetS. In contrast, urinary EPI and urinary NE had 100% no association with MetS. In summary, there is a tendency for the association between higher serum cortisol, salivary cortisol, urinary cortisol, hair cortisol, and lower levels of DHEAS with MetS. Future studies focusing on longitudinal data are warranted for clarification and understanding of the association between the primary mediators of AL and MetS.
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Mottaghi S, Sagheb MM, Azarpira N, Abdizadeh F, Faeghi R, Karimzadeh I. Association between the Three Polymorphisms of the Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene and the Early Clinical Outcome in Kidney Transplantation Patients. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 46:444-453. [PMID: 34840385 PMCID: PMC8611220 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2020.85872.1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Glucocorticoids are pivotal components of immunosuppressive regimens in solid organ transplantations. This study aimed to assess the possible association between
the ER22/23EK, N363S, and Bcl1 polymorphisms, and short-term clinical outcomes, including acute rejection and delayed graft function (DGF), in kidney
transplantation recipients. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in a two-year period on adults with transplanted kidneys, comprised of subjects without rejection (n=50, control) and those
with documented rejection within one year after transplantation (n=50, case), between April 2017 and September 2018, in Shiraz, Iran. Demographic characteristics
and clinical and paraclinical findings were gathered. The genotyping of the ER22/23EK, N363S, and Bcl1 polymorphisms was carried out via polymerase chain
reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The association between the genotypes and DGF as well as rejection types was evaluated using either
the Chi square test or Fisher exact test. A stepwise logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the independent factors of acute rejection within
the first year after transplantation. Results: The study population consisted of 64 men and 36 women. The frequency of mutated alleles was 0.32 for G (Bcl1), 0.02 for S (N363S), and 0.065 for A (ER22/23EK).
There was no significant association either between the studied polymorphisms and acute rejection or between the Bcl1 (P=0.17), N363S (P=0.99),
and ER22/23EK (P=0.99) genotypes and DGF. The length of hospital stay after kidney transplantation was slightly more in N363N and ER22/23EK wild allele carriers.
However, this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our data suggested no statistically significant association between the genotypes of the studied polymorphisms and early clinical outcomes after kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Mottaghi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Sagheb
- Nephrology-Urology Research Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Faezeh Abdizadeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Romina Faeghi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Iman Karimzadeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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10
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Martins CS, de Castro M. Generalized and tissue specific glucocorticoid resistance. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 530:111277. [PMID: 33864884 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones that influence several physiologic functions and are among the most frequently prescribed drugs worldwide. Resistance to GCs has been observed in the context of the familial generalized GC resistance (Chrousos' syndrome) or tissue specific GC resistance in chronic inflammatory states. In this review, we have summarized the major factors that influence individual glucocorticoid sensitivity/resistance. The fine-tuning of GC action is determined in a tissue-specific fashion that includes the combination of different GC receptor promoters, translation initiation sites, splice isoforms, interacting proteins, post-translational modifications, and alternative mechanisms of signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Silva Martins
- Department of Internal Medicine - Ribeirao Preto Medical School - University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Margaret de Castro
- Department of Internal Medicine - Ribeirao Preto Medical School - University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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11
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Zhu W, Yang F, Cai X, Zhang W, Zhang J, Cai M, Li X, Xiang J, Cai D. Role of glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation-mediated synaptic plasticity in anxiogenic and depressive behaviors induced by monosodium glutamate. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:151-164. [PMID: 32444989 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01845-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric diseases and metabolic disorders frequently cooccur, yet the mechanisms underlying this interaction remain unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the role of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) phosphorylation in the comorbidity of metabolic and psychiatric disorders. Neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were subcutaneously injected with monosodium glutamate (MSG) every 2 days for 10 days after birth. Metabolic and behavioral tests were performed 12 weeks later. Golgi staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to evaluate synaptic structural plasticity. Changes in GR phosphorylation and the BDNF/TrkB pathway were evaluated by western blotting and immunofluorescence. We found that MSG-treated rats displayed significant metabolic abnormalities accompanied by anxiogenic and depressive behaviors, an altered synaptic ultrastructure and the loss of dendritic spines. The expression of phosphorylated GR was reduced in the brain. Furthermore, a specific agonist of BDNF/TrkB significantly reversed the reduction in GR phosphorylation, as well as the metabolic and behavioral outcomes. These findings indicate that a decrease in BDNF/TrkB pathway-dependent GR phosphorylation is a long-term effect of MSG treatment that may contribute to metabolic and behavioral disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Laboratory of Neurology, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Laboratory of Neurology, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaofang Cai
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Laboratory of Neurology, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jingsi Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Laboratory of Neurology, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Min Cai
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Laboratory of Neurology, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiangting Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Laboratory of Neurology, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Laboratory of Neurology, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Dingfang Cai
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Laboratory of Neurology, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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12
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de Guia RM. Stress, glucocorticoid signaling pathway, and metabolic disorders. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:1273-1280. [PMID: 32755820 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Glucocorticoids and the GR serve as an essential molecular mediator of stress and different physiologic processes. This review summarizes main findings from studies on the role of the GC/GR signaling in the modulation of genes for nutrient processing by the different organs involved in metabolic diseases. METHODS Descriptive review of relevant papers known to the author was conducted. RESULTS Several high-throughput screenings in the past 15 years have identified potential GR DNA-binding regions in different cell types with genes that are annotated to be important for the control of metabolism. Transcriptional regulation of these GC-responsive genes provides links between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and systemic energy homeostasis in both physiological and pathophysiological states. Future studies must reconsider the use of agonist, the utilization of animal models of stress and metabolic disorders, and validation in humans. CONCLUSION This review recapitulates the significant role of the GC/GR signaling in molecular metabolic control and metabolic disorders. Potential future research focus and optimizations have also been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roldan M de Guia
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Keio Global Research Institute (KGRI) and Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Czech Centre for Phenogenomics (CCP), Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.
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13
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Sher LD, Geddie H, Olivier L, Cairns M, Truter N, Beselaar L, Essop MF. Chronic stress and endothelial dysfunction: mechanisms, experimental challenges, and the way ahead. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H488-H506. [PMID: 32618516 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00244.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although chronic stress is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) onset, the underlying mechanisms driving such pathophysiological complications remain relatively unknown. Here, dysregulation of innate stress response systems and the effects of downstream mediators are strongly implicated, with the vascular endothelium emerging as a primary target of excessive glucocorticoid and catecholamine action. Therefore, this review article explores the development of stress-related endothelial dysfunction by focusing on the following: 1) assessing the phenomenon of stress and complexities surrounding this notion, 2) discussing mechanistic links between chronic stress and endothelial dysfunction, and 3) evaluating the utility of various preclinical models currently employed to study mechanisms underlying the onset of stress-mediated complications such as endothelial dysfunction. The data reveal that preclinical models play an important role in our efforts to gain an increased understanding of mechanisms underlying stress-mediated endothelial dysfunction. It is our understanding that this provides a good foundation going forward, and we propose that further efforts should be made to 1) more clearly define the concept of stress and 2) standardize protocols of animal models with specific guidelines to better indicate the mental complications that are simulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien Derek Sher
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Hannah Geddie
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Lukas Olivier
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Megan Cairns
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Nina Truter
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Leandrie Beselaar
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - M Faadiel Essop
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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14
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Somvanshi PR, Mellon SH, Yehuda R, Flory JD, Makotkine I, Bierer L, Marmar C, Jett M, Doyle FJ. Role of enhanced glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity in inflammation in PTSD: insights from computational model for circadian-neuroendocrine-immune interactions. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E48-E66. [PMID: 32315214 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00398.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although glucocorticoid resistance contributes to increased inflammation, individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exhibit increased glucocorticoid receptor (GR) sensitivity along with increased inflammation. It is not clear how inflammation coexists with a hyperresponsive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. To understand this better, we developed and analyzed an integrated mathematical model for the HPA axis and the immune system. We performed mathematical simulations for a dexamethasone (DEX) suppression test and IC50-dexamethasone for cytokine suppression by varying model parameters. The model analysis suggests that increasing the steepness of the dose-response curve for GR activity may reduce anti-inflammatory effects of GRs at the ambient glucocorticoid levels, thereby increasing proinflammatory response. The adaptive response of proinflammatory cytokine-mediated stimulatory effects on the HPA axis is reduced due to dominance of the GR-mediated negative feedback on the HPA axis. To verify these hypotheses, we analyzed the clinical data on neuroendocrine variables and cytokines obtained from war-zone veterans with and without PTSD. We observed significant group differences for cortisol and ACTH suppression tests, proinflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, promoter methylation of GR gene, and IC50-DEX for lysozyme suppression. Causal inference modeling revealed significant associations between cortisol suppression and post-DEX cortisol decline, promoter methylation of human GR gene exon 1F (NR3C1-1F), IC50-DEX, and proinflammatory cytokines. We noted significant mediation effects of NR3C1-1F promoter methylation on inflammatory cytokines through changes in GR sensitivity. Our findings suggest that increased GR sensitivity may contribute to increased inflammation; therefore, interventions to restore GR sensitivity may normalize inflammation in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod R Somvanshi
- Harvard John Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Synthia H Mellon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Rachel Yehuda
- Department of Psychiatry, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Janine D Flory
- Department of Psychiatry, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Iouri Makotkine
- Department of Psychiatry, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Linda Bierer
- Department of Psychiatry, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Charles Marmar
- Department of Psychiatry, New York Langone Medical School, New York, New York
| | - Marti Jett
- Integrative Systems Biology, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research (USACEHR), Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Francis J Doyle
- Harvard John Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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15
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Khamirchi R, Moslem A, Agah J, Pozo ÓJ, Miri M, Dadvand P. Maternal exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and cortisol level in cord blood. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 713:136622. [PMID: 31955102 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution has been associated with disorders of the endocrine system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; however, the available evidence on these associations is still scarce. This study aimed to investigate, for the first time, the association of exposure to PM1, PM2.5, and PM10, as well as traffic indicators (distance to major roads and total street length in different buffers around maternal residential address) during pregnancy with cortisol level in cord blood samples. This cross-sectional study was carried out based on 150 mother-newborn pairs in Sabzevar, Iran (2018). Land use regression models were applied to estimate air pollution exposure during the entire pregnancy at maternal residential addresses. Multiple linear regression models were applied to estimate the association of exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and cord blood cortisol levels, controlled for relevant covariates. There was a significant positive association between exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 and cortisol levels in cord blood (β = 2.55, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.57, 4.52, P-value = 0.01, and β = 3.09, 95% CI: 1.28, 4.90, P-value < 0.01, respectively). Moreover, there was a significant positive association between total street length in a 100 m buffer around maternal residence and cortisol level. Each one interquartile range (IQR) increase in distance from home to major roads was associated with a -2.58 (95% CI: -4.85, -0.30, P-value = 0.03) decrease in cord blood cortisol level. The median (IQR) of the cord blood cortisol levels for the first and fourth quartiles of distance to major roads were 50.7 (19.5) and 38.2 (20.4) ng/mL, respectively. The associations for total street length in 300 m and 500 m buffers and PM1 exposure were not statistically significant. Our findings suggest a direct association of exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and cortisol levels at cord blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramezanali Khamirchi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Alireza Moslem
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Jila Agah
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Óscar J Pozo
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Group, IMIM, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohammad Miri
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Payam Dadvand
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
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16
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Fernández RDV, Díaz A, Bongiovanni B, Gallucci G, Bértola D, Gardeñez W, Lioi S, Bertolin Y, Galliano R, Bay ML, Bottasso O, D'Attilio L. Evidence for a More Disrupted Immune-Endocrine Relation and Cortisol Immunologic Influences in the Context of Tuberculosis and Type 2 Diabetes Comorbidity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:126. [PMID: 32265833 PMCID: PMC7099637 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a major health problem worldwide, further aggravated by the convergence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) which constitutes an important risk factor for TB development. The worse scenario of patients with PTB and DM may be partly related to a more unbalanced defensive response. As such, newly diagnosed PTB patients with DM (TB+DM, n = 11) or not (TB, n = 21), as well as DM (n = 18) patients and pair matched controls (Co, n = 22), were investigated for the circulating immuno-endocrine-metabolic profile (ELISA), along with studies in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) analyzing transcript expression (RT-qPCR) of mediators involved in glucocorticoid functionality. Given the hyperglycemic/hypercortisolemic scenario of TB+DM patients, PBMC were also exposed to stress-related cortisol concentrations (0.1 and 1 μM) and supraphysiologic glucose doses (10, 20, and 40 mM) and assessed for the specific response against Mtb stimulation (lymphoproliferation, -thymidine incorporation-, and cytokine production -bead-cytometry). All TB patients displayed increased plasma amounts of cortisol, growth hormone -hGH-, and proinflammatory mediators. In turn, TB+DM showed even higher levels of interferon gamma -IFN-γ- and hGH (vs. TB), or IL-6, C reactive protein, cortisol and hGH (vs. DM). Both DM groups had equally augmented values of IL-10. All TB patients showed decreased dehydroepiandrosterone- sulfate concentrations, even more in TB+DM cases. Leptin was also decreased in both TB cases, particularly in the TB group, revealing a lower body mass index, as well. Unlike PBMC from TB cases showing a decreased relationship between the glucocorticoids receptor (GR) isoforms (GRα/GRβ; functional isoform/negative isoform), cells from TB+DM patients had no changes in this regard, along with an increased expression of 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-1, the enzyme facilitating intracellular cortisone to cortisol conversion. TB+DM patients also showed an increased Mtb antigen-driven lymphoproliferation. Compared to TB, DM and HCo counterparts, PBMC from TB+DM patients had a biased Th1 response to Mtb stimulation (increased IL-2 and IFN-γ production), even when exposed to inhibitory cortisol doses. TB+DM patients show a more unbalanced immuno-endocrine relationship, respect the non-diabetic counterparts, with a relative deficiency of cortisol immunomodulatory influences, despite their more favorable microenvironment for cortisol-mediated immune effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío D. V. Fernández
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ariana Díaz
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Bettina Bongiovanni
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Georgina Gallucci
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Diego Bértola
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina
- Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Walter Gardeñez
- Servicio de Neumonología, Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Susana Lioi
- Laboratorio Central, Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Yésica Bertolin
- Servicio de Medicina Transfusional, Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Romina Galliano
- Servicio de Medicina Transfusional, Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María L. Bay
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Oscar Bottasso
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Luciano D'Attilio
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNR, Rosario, Argentina
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Insights into the Therapeutic Potential of Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulators for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062137. [PMID: 32244957 PMCID: PMC7139912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are crucial for stress-coping, resilience, and adaptation. However, if the stress hormones become dysregulated, the vulnerability to stress-related diseases is enhanced. In this brief review, we discuss the role of glucocorticoids in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders in both human and animal models, and focus in particular on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). For this purpose, we used the Wobbler animal model, which mimics much of the pathology of ALS including a dysfunctional hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. We discuss recent studies that demonstrated that the pathological cascade characteristic for motoneuron degeneration of ALS is mimicked in the genetically selected Wobbler mouse and can be attenuated by treatment with the selective glucocorticoid receptor antagonist (GRA) CORT113176. In long-term treatment (3 weeks) GRA attenuated progression of the behavioral, inflammatory, excitatory, and cell-death-signaling pathways while increasing the survival signal of serine–threonine kinase (pAkt). The action mechanism of the GRA may be either by interfering with GR deactivation or by restoring the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways driven by the complementary mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)- and GR-mediated actions of corticosterone. Accordingly, GR antagonism may have clinical relevance for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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18
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Noroña-Zhou AN, Morgan A, Glynn LM, Sandman CA, Baram TZ, Stern HS, Davis EP. Unpredictable maternal behavior is associated with a blunted infant cortisol response. Dev Psychobiol 2020; 62:882-888. [PMID: 32115696 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is associated with poor physical and mental health. Early-life adversity may dysregulate cortisol response to subsequent stress. This study examines the association between patterns of maternal behavior and infant stress response to a challenge. Specifically, we test whether infant exposure to unpredictable maternal sensory signals is related to the cortisol response to a painful stressor. METHOD Participants were 102 mothers and their children enrolled in a longitudinal study. Patterns of maternal sensory signals were evaluated at 6 and 12 months during a 10-min mother-infant play episode. Entropy rate was calculated as a quantitative measure of the degree of unpredictability of maternal sensory signals (visual, auditory, and tactile) exhibited during the play episode. Infant saliva samples were collected for cortisol analysis before and after inoculation at 12 months. RESULTS Unpredictable patterns of maternal sensory signals were associated with a blunted infant cortisol response to a painful stressor. This relation persisted after evaluation of covariates including maternal sensitivity and maternal psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that unpredictable patterns of maternal sensory signals are one process through which caregiving affects the function of infant stress response systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N Noroña-Zhou
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alyssa Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Laura M Glynn
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Curt A Sandman
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Tallie Z Baram
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hal S Stern
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Elysia Poggi Davis
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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Monteiro LLS, Franco OL, Alencar SA, Porto WF. Deciphering the structural basis for glucocorticoid resistance caused by missense mutations in the ligand binding domain of glucocorticoid receptor. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 92:216-226. [PMID: 31401440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid resistance hereditary condition may emerge from the occurrence of point mutations in the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which could impair its functionality. Because the main feature of such pathology is the resistance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to the hormone cortisol, we used the GR ligand binding domain three-dimensional structure to perform computational analysis for eight variants known to cause this clinical condition (I559 N, V571A, D641V, G679S, F737L, I747 M, L753F and L773P), aiming to understand, on the atom scale, how they cause glucocorticoid resistance. We observed that the mutations generated a reduced affinity to cortisol and they alter some loop conformations, which could be a consequence from changes in protein motion, which in turn could result from the reduced stability of mutant GR structures. Therefore, the analyzed mutations compromise the GR ligand binding domain structure and cortisol binding, which could characterize the glucocorticoid resistance phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L S Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - O L Franco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; S-Inova Biotech, Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - S A Alencar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - W F Porto
- Porto Reports, Brasília, DF, Brazil; S-Inova Biotech, Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
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Resende ATP, Martins CS, Bueno AC, Moreira AC, Foss-Freitas MC, de Castro M. Phenotypic diversity and glucocorticoid sensitivity in patients with familial partial lipodystrophy type 2. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2019; 91:94-103. [PMID: 30954027 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 (FPLD2) is characterized by insulin resistance, adipose atrophy of the extremities and central obesity. Due to the resemblance with Cushing's syndrome, we hypothesized a putative role of glucocorticoid in the pathogenesis of metabolic abnormalities in FPLD2. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the phenotypic heterogeneity and glucocorticoid sensitivity in FPLD2 patients exhibiting the p.R482W or p.R644C LMNA mutations. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS Prospective study with FPLD2 patients (n = 24) and controls (n = 24), who underwent anthropometric, body composition, metabolic profile and adipokines/cytokine plasma measurements. Plasma and salivary cortisol were measured in basal conditions and after 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg of dexamethasone (DEX) given at 23:00 hours. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and 11βHSD isoforms expression were assessed by qPCR. RESULTS Familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 individuals presented increased waist and neck circumferences, decreased hip circumference, peripheral skinfold thickness and fat mass. Patients presented increased HOMA-IR, triglycerides, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10, and decreased adiponectin and leptin plasma levels. FPLD2 patients showed decreased ability to suppress the HPA axis compared with controls after 0.5 mg DEX. The phenotype was more pronounced in patients harbouring the p.R482W LMNA mutation. GRβ overexpression in PBMC was observed in female patients compared with female controls. CONCLUSIONS Familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 patients exhibited anthropometric, clinical and biochemical phenotypic heterogeneity related to LMNA mutation sites and to gender. LMNA mutations affecting both lamin A and lamin C lead to more severe phenotype. FPLD2 patients also showed blunted HPA axis response to DEX, probably due to the association of increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines with GRβ overexpression leading to a more severe phenotype in female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Teresa Prata Resende
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Silva Martins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Bueno
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Ayrton Custódio Moreira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Foss-Freitas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Margaret de Castro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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Elias CP, Antunes DE, Coelho MS, de Lima CL, Rassi N, de Melo APM, Amato AA. Evaluation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in a case series of familial partial lipodystrophy. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019; 11:1. [PMID: 30622652 PMCID: PMC6317180 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-018-0396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL) is a rare genetic disease characterized by body fat abnormalities that lead to insulin resistance (IR). Clinical conditions linked to milder IR, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome, are associated with abnormalities of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, but little is known about its activity in FPL. METHODS Patients meeting the clinical criteria for FPL were subjected to anthropometric, biochemical and hormone analyses. A genetic study to identify mutations in the genes encoding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) was performed. Polycystic ovary syndrome and hepatic steatosis were investigated, and the patient body compositions were analyzed via dual X-ray energy absorptiometry (DXA). The HPA axis was assessed via basal [cortisol, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), cortisol binding globulin, nocturnal salivary cortisol and urinary free cortisol (UFC)] as well as dynamic suppression tests (cortisol post 0.5 mg and post 1 mg dexamethasone). RESULTS Six patients (five female and one male) aged 17 to 42 years were included. In DXA analyses, the fat mass ratio between the trunk and lower limbs (FMR) was > 1.2 in all phenotypes. One patient had a confirmed mutation in the PPARγ gene: a novel heterozygous substitution of p. Arg 212 Trp (c.634C>T) at exon 5. HPA sensitivity to glucocorticoid feedback was preserved in all six patients, and a trend towards lower basal serum cortisol, serum ACTH and UFC values was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that FPL is not associated with overt abnormalities in the HPA axis, despite a trend towards low-normal basal cortisol and ACTH values and lower UFC levels. These findings suggest that the extreme insulin resistance occurring in FPL may lead to a decrease in HPA axis activity without changing its sensitivity to glucocorticoid feedback, in contrast to the abnormalities in HPA axis function in T2D and common metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília Pacheco Elias
- Unit of Endocrinology, Hospital Alberto Rassi–General Hospital of Goiânia (HGG), Avenida Anhanguera, 6479 - St. Oeste, Goiânia, GO CEP 74120-080 Brazil
| | | | - Michella Soares Coelho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Caroline Lourenço de Lima
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Nelson Rassi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Hospital Alberto Rassi–General Hospital of Goiânia (HGG), Avenida Anhanguera, 6479 - St. Oeste, Goiânia, GO CEP 74120-080 Brazil
| | | | - Angélica Amorim Amato
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
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22
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Oliveira JS, Boery RNSDO. An integrative review of associations between polymorphic variants and the metabolic syndrome. J Vasc Bras 2018; 17:141-147. [PMID: 30377424 PMCID: PMC6205710 DOI: 10.1590/1677-5449.007917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, i.e. of each of its components, is complex and has not been entirely elucidated. As a result, it is very difficult to establish a definition of which clinical factors are the most important determinants of its development. The objective of this review is to describe Brazilian scientific research investigating associations between the metabolic syndrome and genetic factors. We selected fifteen studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Our analysis revealed that there is a modest volume of Brazilian studies investigating relationships between genes, their polymorphic variants and the metabolic syndrome and its risk factors. Therefore, more studies are needed to better understand the biological roles played by genetic polymorphisms and their relationships with metabolic syndrome or its risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamille Silva Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia - UESB, Programa de Pós-graduação em Enfermagem e Saúde - PPGES, Jequié, BA, Brasil
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Garcez A, Leite HM, Weiderpass E, Paniz VMV, Watte G, Canuto R, Olinto MTA. Basal cortisol levels and metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 95:50-62. [PMID: 29800780 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a qualitative synthesis (systematic review) and quantitative analysis (meta-analysis) to summarize the evidence regarding the relationship between basal cortisol levels and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults. METHODS A systematic search was performed in the PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO databases for observational studies on the association between basal cortisol levels and MetS. The quality of individual studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa score. A random effects model was used to report pooled quantitative results and the I2 statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. Egger's and Begg's tests were used to evaluate publication bias. RESULTS Twenty-six studies (19 cross-sectional and seven case-control) met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. The majority was classified as having a low risk of bias and used established criteria for the diagnosis of MetS. Twenty-one studies provided data on basal cortisol levels as continuous values and were included in the meta-analysis; they comprised 35 analyses and 11,808 subjects. Pooled results showed no significant difference in basal cortisol levels between subjects with and without MetS (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]=-0.11 to 0.14). There was high heterogeneity between the studies when all comparisons were considered (I2 = 83.1%;p < 0.001). Paradoxically, meta-analysis of studies evaluating saliva samples showed no significantly lower basal cortisol levels among subjects with MetS (SMD=-0.18, 95% CI=-0.37 to 0.01), whereas those studies that evaluated serum samples (SMD = 0.11, 95% CI=-0.02 to 0.24) and urine samples (SMD = 0.73, 95% CI=-0.40 to 1.86) showed no significantly higher basal cortisol levels among subjects with MetS. In the subgroup and meta-regression analyses, a significant difference in basal cortisol levels was observed according to study design, population base, age, gender, cortisol level assessment method, and study quality. CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis does not reveal any association between basal cortisol levels and MetS based on results of observational studies. The results of a random-effect meta-analysis showed no significant difference in basal cortisol levels between subjects with and without MetS. The present findings should be considered in order to help future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Garcez
- Post-graduate Program in Collective Health, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Heloísa Marquardt Leite
- Post-graduate Program in Collective Health, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-based Cancer Research, Department of Research, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway; University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vera Maria Vieira Paniz
- Post-graduate Program in Collective Health, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Watte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Thoracic Surgery, Pavilhão Pereira Filho, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Raquel Canuto
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul State (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto
- Post-graduate Program in Collective Health, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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24
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Wing SE, Bandoli G, Telesca D, Su JG, Ritz B. Chronic exposure to inhaled, traffic-related nitrogen dioxide and a blunted cortisol response in adolescents. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 163:201-207. [PMID: 29454852 PMCID: PMC5878732 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic health effects of traffic-related air pollution, like nitrogen dioxide (NO2), are well-documented. Animal models suggested that NO2 exposures dysregulate cortisol function. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the association between traffic-related NO2 exposure and adolescent human cortisol concentrations, utilizing measures of the cortisol diurnal slope. METHODS 140 adolescents provided repeated salivary cortisol samples throughout one day. We built a land use regression model to estimate chronic NO2 exposures based on home and school addresses. We then generated model-based estimates of the association between cortisol and NO2 exposure one year prior to cortisol sampling, examining changes in cortisol diurnal slope. The final model was adjusted other criteria pollutants, measures of psychosocial stress, anthropometry, and other demographic and covariates. RESULTS We observed a decrease in diurnal slope in cortisol for adolescents exposed to the estimated 75th percentile of ambient NO2 (high exposure) relative to those exposed at the 25th percentile (low exposure). For a highly exposed adolescent, the log cortisol was lower by 0.06 µg/dl at waking (95% CI: -0.15, 0.02), 0.07 µg/dl at 30 min post waking (95% CI: -0.15, 0.02), and higher by 0.05 µg/dl at bedtime (95% CI: 0.05, 0.15), compared to a low exposed adolescent. For an additional interquartile range of exposure, the model-based predicted diurnal slope significantly decreased by 0.12 (95% CI: -0.23, -0.01). CONCLUSIONS In adolescents, we found that increased, chronic exposure to NO2 and the mixture of pollutants from traffic sources was associated with a flattened diurnal slope of cortisol, a marker of an abnormal cortisol response which we hypothesize may be a mechanism through which air pollution may affect respiratory function and asthma in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam E Wing
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Gretchen Bandoli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0828 La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Donatello Telesca
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley 50 University Hall #7360, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Jason G Su
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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25
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van Leijden MJ, Penninx BWJH, Agyemang C, Olff M, Adriaanse MC, Snijder MB. The association of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder with the metabolic syndrome in a multi-ethnic cohort: the HELIUS study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2018; 53:921-930. [PMID: 29796849 PMCID: PMC6133160 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1533-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be linked to the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Consistency of this association across ethnic groups and the influence of comorbidity of depression/PTSD were examined. METHODS Cross-sectional baseline data from the HELIUS study were used (4527 Dutch, 2999 South-Asian Surinamese, 4058 African Surinamese, 2251 Ghanaian, 3522 Turkish and 3825 Moroccan participants). The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) (score range 0-27) measured depressive symptoms. A 9-item questionnaire (score range 0-9) measured PTSD symptoms. The MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation. The association of a depressed mood (PHQ-9 sum score ≥ 10) and severe PTSD symptoms (sum score ≥ 7) with the MetS was examined using logistic regression. Interaction with ethnicity and between a depressed mood and severe PTSD symptoms was tested. RESULTS A depressed mood was associated with the MetS [OR (95% CI) = 1.37 (1.24-1.51)] in the total sample and consistent across ethnic groups (p values for interaction all > 0.05). Severe PTSD symptoms were significantly associated with the MetS in the Dutch [OR (95% CI) = 1.71 (1.07-2.73)]. The South-Asian Surinamese, Turks and Moroccans showed weaker associations than the Dutch (p values for interaction all < 0.05). A depressed mood and severe PTSD symptoms did not interact in the association with the MetS (p values for interaction > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A depressed mood was consistently associated with the MetS across ethnic groups, but the association between severe PTSD symptoms and the MetS maybe ethnicity dependent. The association with the MetS was not different in case of depressed mood/severe PTSD symptoms comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke J. van Leijden
- 0000000404654431grid.5650.6Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
- 0000 0004 0435 165Xgrid.16872.3aDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Oldenaller 1, 1081 HL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charles Agyemang
- 0000000404654431grid.5650.6Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda Olff
- 0000000404654431grid.5650.6Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel C. Adriaanse
- 0000 0004 1754 9227grid.12380.38Department of Health Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke B. Snijder
- 0000000404654431grid.5650.6Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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de Kloet AD, Herman JP. Fat-brain connections: Adipocyte glucocorticoid control of stress and metabolism. Front Neuroendocrinol 2018; 48:50-57. [PMID: 29042142 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids act via multiple mechanisms to mobilize energy for maintenance and restoration of homeostasis. In adipose tissue, glucocorticoids can promote lipolysis and facilitate adipocyte differentiation/growth, serving both energy-mobilizing and restorative processes during negative energy balance. Recent data suggest that adipose-dependent feedback may also be involved in regulation of stress responses. Adipocyte glucocorticoid receptor (GR) deletion causes increased HPA axis stress reactivity, due to a loss of negative feedback signals into the CNS. The fat-to-brain signal may be mediated by neuronal mechanisms, release of adipokines or increased lipolysis. The ability of adipose GRs to inhibit psychogenic as well as metabolic stress responses suggests that (1) feedback regulation of the HPA axis occurs across multiple bodily compartments, and (2) fat tissue integrates psychogenic stress signals. These studies support a link between stress biology and energy metabolism, a connection that has clear relevance for numerous disease states and their comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette D de Kloet
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - James P Herman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, United States.
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Rodriguez JM, Monsalves-Alvarez M, Henriquez S, Llanos MN, Troncoso R. Glucocorticoid resistance in chronic diseases. Steroids 2016; 115:182-192. [PMID: 27643454 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are involved in several responses triggered by a variety of environmental and physiological stimuli. These hormones have a wide-range of regulatory effects in organisms. Synthetic glucocorticoids are extensively used to suppress allergic, inflammatory, and immune disorders. Although glucocorticoids are highly effective for therapeutic purposes, some patients chronically treated with glucocorticoids can develop reduced glucocorticoid sensitivity or even resistance, increasing patient vulnerability to exaggerated inflammatory responses. Glucocorticoid resistance can occur in several chronic diseases, including asthma, major depression, and cardiovascular conditions. In this review, we discuss the complexity of the glucocorticoid receptor and the potential role of glucocorticoid resistance in the development of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Rodriguez
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Matías Monsalves-Alvarez
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Henriquez
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Miguel N Llanos
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Disease, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile.
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