1
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Finlay JB, Ireland AS, Hawgood SB, Reyes T, Ko T, Olsen RR, Abi Hachem R, Jang DW, Bell D, Chan JM, Goldstein BJ, Oliver TG. Olfactory neuroblastoma mimics molecular heterogeneity and lineage trajectories of small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:1086-1105.e13. [PMID: 38788720 PMCID: PMC11186085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The olfactory epithelium undergoes neuronal regeneration from basal stem cells and is susceptible to olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB), a rare tumor of unclear origins. Employing alterations in Rb1/Trp53/Myc (RPM), we establish a genetically engineered mouse model of high-grade metastatic ONB exhibiting a NEUROD1+ immature neuronal phenotype. We demonstrate that globose basal cells (GBCs) are a permissive cell of origin for ONB and that ONBs exhibit cell fate heterogeneity that mimics normal GBC developmental trajectories. ASCL1 loss in RPM ONB leads to emergence of non-neuronal histopathologies, including a POU2F3+ microvillar-like state. Similar to small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), mouse and human ONBs exhibit mutually exclusive NEUROD1 and POU2F3-like states, an immune-cold tumor microenvironment, intratumoral cell fate heterogeneity comprising neuronal and non-neuronal lineages, and cell fate plasticity-evidenced by barcode-based lineage tracing and single-cell transcriptomics. Collectively, our findings highlight conserved similarities between ONB and neuroendocrine tumors with significant implications for ONB classification and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Finlay
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University, Durham 27710, NC, USA
| | - Abbie S Ireland
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham 27710, NC, USA
| | - Sarah B Hawgood
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham 27710, NC, USA
| | - Tony Reyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham 27710, NC, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, UT, USA
| | - Tiffany Ko
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University, Durham 27710, NC, USA
| | - Rachelle R Olsen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, UT, USA
| | - Ralph Abi Hachem
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University, Durham 27710, NC, USA
| | - David W Jang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University, Durham 27710, NC, USA
| | - Diana Bell
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte 91010, CA, USA
| | - Joseph M Chan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City 10065, NY, USA
| | - Bradley J Goldstein
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University, Durham 27710, NC, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham 27710, NC, USA.
| | - Trudy G Oliver
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham 27710, NC, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, UT, USA.
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2
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Yu P, Chen W, Jiang L, Jia Y, Xu X, Shen W, Jin N, Du H. Olfactory dysfunction and the role of stem cells in the regeneration of olfactory neurons. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29948. [PMID: 38694081 PMCID: PMC11058886 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of COVID-19 has drawn increasing attention to olfactory dysfunction among researchers. Olfactory dysfunction manifests in various clinical types, influenced by numerous pathogenic factors. Despite this diversity, the underlying pathogenesis remains largely elusive, contributing to a lack of standardized treatment approaches. However, the potential regeneration of olfactory neurons within the nasal cavity presents a promising avenue for addressing olfactory dysfunction effectively. Our review aims to delve into the current research landscape and treatment modalities concerning olfactory dysfunction, emphasizing etiology, pathogenesis, clinical interventions, and the role of stem cells in regenerating olfactory nerves. Through this comprehensive examination, we aim to provide valuable insights into understanding the onset, progression, and treatment of olfactory dysfunction diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weiguan Chen
- Operating Room, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Operating Room, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yufeng Jia
- Operating Room, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Operating Room, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weiye Shen
- Operating Room, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ni Jin
- Operating Room, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongjie Du
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, China
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3
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Ualiyeva S, Lemire E, Wong C, Perniss A, Boyd A, Avilés EC, Minichetti DG, Maxfield A, Roditi R, Matsumoto I, Wang X, Deng W, Barrett NA, Buchheit KM, Laidlaw TM, Boyce JA, Bankova LG, Haber AL. A nasal cell atlas reveals heterogeneity of tuft cells and their role in directing olfactory stem cell proliferation. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eabq4341. [PMID: 38306414 PMCID: PMC11127180 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abq4341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The olfactory neuroepithelium serves as a sensory organ for odors and forms part of the nasal mucosal barrier. Olfactory sensory neurons are surrounded and supported by epithelial cells. Among them, microvillous cells (MVCs) are strategically positioned at the apical surface, but their specific functions are enigmatic, and their relationship to the other specialized epithelial cells is unclear. Here, we establish that the family of MVCs comprises tuft cells and ionocytes in both mice and humans. Integrating analysis of the respiratory and olfactory epithelia, we define the distinct receptor expression of TRPM5+ tuft-MVCs compared with Gɑ-gustducinhigh respiratory tuft cells and characterize a previously undescribed population of glandular DCLK1+ tuft cells. To establish how allergen sensing by tuft-MVCs might direct olfactory mucosal responses, we used an integrated single-cell transcriptional and protein analysis. Inhalation of Alternaria induced mucosal epithelial effector molecules including Chil4 and a distinct pathway leading to proliferation of the quiescent olfactory horizontal basal stem cell (HBC) pool, both triggered in the absence of olfactory apoptosis. Alternaria- and ATP-elicited HBC proliferation was dependent on TRPM5+ tuft-MVCs, identifying these specialized epithelial cells as regulators of olfactory stem cell responses. Together, our data provide high-resolution characterization of nasal tuft cell heterogeneity and identify a function of TRPM5+ tuft-MVCs in directing the olfactory mucosal response to allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saltanat Ualiyeva
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Evan Lemire
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Caitlin Wong
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alexander Perniss
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Amelia Boyd
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Evelyn C. Avilés
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; currently at Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Dante G. Minichetti
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alice Maxfield
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rachel Roditi
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Xin Wang
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Wenjiang Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Nora A. Barrett
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kathleen M. Buchheit
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tanya M. Laidlaw
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joshua A. Boyce
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lora G. Bankova
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Adam L. Haber
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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4
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Ko T, Choi R, Issa K, Gupta R, Llinas E, Morey L, Finlay JB, Goldstein BJ. Polycomb repressive complex 2 regulates basal cell fate during adult olfactory neurogenesis. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:2283-2296. [PMID: 37832538 PMCID: PMC10679661 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis occurs in the mammalian olfactory epithelium to maintain populations of neurons that are vulnerable to injury yet essential for olfaction. Multipotent olfactory basal stem cells are activated by damage, although mechanisms regulating lineage decisions are not understood. Using mouse lesion models, we focused on defining the role of Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) in olfactory neurogenesis. PRC2 has a well-established role in developing tissues, orchestrating transcriptional programs via chromatin modification. PRC2 proteins are expressed in olfactory globose basal cells (GBCs) and nascent neurons. Conditional PRC2 loss perturbs lesion-induced neuron production, accompanied by altered histone modifications and misexpression of lineage-specific transcription factors in GBCs. De-repression of Sox9 in PRC2-mutant GBCs is accompanied by increased Bowman's gland production, defining an unrecognized role for PRC2 in regulating gland versus neuron cell fate. Our findings support a model for PRC2-dependent mechanisms promoting sensory neuronal differentiation in an adult neurogenic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Ko
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rhea Choi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Khalil Issa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rupali Gupta
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Edward Llinas
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lluis Morey
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - John B Finlay
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Bradley J Goldstein
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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5
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Choi R, Gupta R, Finlay JB, Goldstein BJ. Olfactory dysfunction and COVID-19. OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES IN OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY 2022; 33:141-146. [PMID: 35505955 PMCID: PMC9050605 DOI: 10.1016/j.otot.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here, we provide an overview of olfactory dysfunction associated with COVID-19. We provide background regarding the organization and function of the peripheral olfactory system. A review of the relevant literature on anosmia and parosmia due to infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, is provided. Specific attention is focused on possible mechanisms by which the virus may interact with and damage the cell populations of peripheral olfactory system. Evidence from human studies as well as animal models is considered. Finally, we discuss current recommendations for evaluation and management of patients with persistent post-COVID olfactory dysfunction, as well as possible future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Choi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Rupali Gupta
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - John B Finlay
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Bradley J Goldstein
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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6
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Abstract
Cardiomyogenesis, the process by which the body generates cardiomyocytes, is poorly understood. We have recently shown that Sfrp2 promotes cardiomyogenesis in vitro. The objective of this study was to determine if Sfrp2 would similarly promote cardiomyogenesis in vivo. To test this hypothesis, we tracked multipotent cKit(+) cells in response to Sfrp2 treatment. In control adult mice, multipotent cKit(+) cells typically differentiated into endothelial cells but not cardiomyocytes. In contrast, Sfrp2 switched the fate of these cells. Following Sfrp2 injection, multipotent cKit(+) cells differentiated solely into cardiomyocytes. Sfrp2-derived cardiomyocytes integrated into the myocardium and exhibited identical physiological properties to preexisting native cardiomyocytes. The ability of Sfrp2 to promote cardiomyogenesis was further supported by tracking EdU-labeled cells. In addition, Sfrp2 did not promote the formation of new cardiomyocytes when the cKit(+) cell population was selectively ablated in vivo using a diphtheria toxin receptor-diphtheria toxin model. Notably, Sfrp2-induced cardiomyogenesis was associated with significant functional improvements in a cardiac injury model. In summary, our study further demonstrates the importance of Sfrp2 in cardiomyogenesis.
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7
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The c-kit Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Marks Sweet or Umami Sensing T1R3 Positive Adult Taste Cells in Mice. CHEMOSENS PERCEPT 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12078-019-09277-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Kurtenbach S, Goss GM, Goncalves S, Choi R, Hare JM, Chaudhari N, Goldstein BJ. Cell-Based Therapy Restores Olfactory Function in an Inducible Model of Hyposmia. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:1354-1365. [PMID: 31155504 PMCID: PMC6565856 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies have been proposed as a strategy to replace damaged tissues, especially in the nervous system. A primary sensory modality, olfaction, is impaired in 12% of the US population, but lacks treatment options. We report here the development of a novel mouse model of inducible hyposmia and demonstrate that purified tissue-specific stem cells delivered intranasally engraft to produce olfactory neurons, achieving recovery of function. Adult mice were rendered hyposmic by conditional deletion of the ciliopathy-related IFT88 gene in the olfactory sensory neuron lineage and following experimentally induced olfactory injury, received either vehicle or stem cell infusion intranasally. Engraftment-derived olfactory neurons were identified histologically, and functional improvements were measured via electrophysiology and behavioral assay. We further explored mechanisms in culture that promote expansion of engraftment-competent adult olfactory basal progenitor cells. These findings provide a basis for translational research on propagating adult tissue-specific sensory progenitor cells and testing their therapeutic potential. A novel mouse model of inducible olfactory loss was used to test stem cell therapy Purified adult tissue-specific stem cells can engraft and restore olfaction Culture expansion of engraftment-competent stem cells was examined via RNA-seq
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kurtenbach
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Biomedical Research Building, Room 809, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Garrett M Goss
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Biomedical Research Building, Room 809, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Stefania Goncalves
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Rhea Choi
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Graduate Program in Neurosciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Biomedical Research Building, Room 809, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Nirupa Chaudhari
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Graduate Program in Neurosciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Bradley J Goldstein
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Biomedical Research Building, Room 809, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Graduate Program in Neurosciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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9
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Goncalves S, Goldstein BJ. Acute N-Acetylcysteine Administration Ameliorates Loss of Olfactory Neurons Following Experimental Injury In Vivo. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:626-633. [PMID: 30632702 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The olfactory epithelium (OE) is the peripheral organ for the sense of smell, housing primary sensory neurons that project axons from the nose to the brain. Due to the presence of a basal stem cell niche, the adult mammalian OE is a dynamic tissue capable of replacing neurons following their loss. Nonetheless, certain conditions, such as blunt head trauma, can result in persistent olfactory loss, thought to be due to shearing of olfactory nerve filaments at the skull base, degeneration, and failures in proper regeneration/reinnervation. The identification of new treatment strategies aimed at preventing degeneration of olfactory neurons is, therefore, needed. In considering potential therapies, we have focused on N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a glutathione substrate shown to be neuroprotective, with a record of safe clinical use. Here, we have tested the use of NAC in an animal model of olfactory degeneration. Administered acutely, we found that NAC (100 mg/kg, twice daily) resulted in a reduction of olfactory neuronal loss from the OE of the nose following surgical ablation of the olfactory bulb. At 1 week postlesion, we identified 54 ± 8.1 mature neurons per 0.5 mm epithelium in NAC-treated animals vs. 28 ± 4.2 in vehicle-treated controls (P = 0.02). Furthermore, in an olfactory cell culture model, we have identified significant alterations in the expression of several genes involved in oxidative stress pathways following NAC exposure. Our results provide evidence supporting the potential therapeutic utility for NAC acutely following head trauma-induced olfactory loss. Anat Rec, 303:626-633, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Goncalves
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Bradley J Goldstein
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Graduate Program in Neurosciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
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10
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Goldstein BJ, Choi R, Goss GM. Multiple polycomb epigenetic regulatory proteins are active in normal and regenerating adult olfactory epithelium. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2018; 3:337-344. [PMID: 30410986 PMCID: PMC6209616 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate epigenetic mechanisms contributing to regulation of cellular renewal and neurogenesis in adult olfactory epithelium (OE). Study Design Prospective basic science study. Methods Olfactory basal cell cultures were prepared from adult mice per established protocols. in vivo studies were performed using the mouse methimazole lesion-regeneration paradigm. Nasal tissue sections were prepared from adult mice 7 days following lesion, or from unlesioned controls. Polycomb proteins were assessed by Western blot from culture or nasal tissue lysates, and by gene expression studies from cultures. In addition, in vivo expression patterns of Polycomb proteins were examined using immunohistochemistry. Chromosome immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was performed to investigate epigenetic modifications and specific chromatin interactions for Polycomb proteins in olfactory basal cells. Results Subunits of Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) and Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) were identified in basal cell cultures and in vivo. In regenerating OE, basal progenitor cells identified by expression of the c-KIT receptor were found to coexpress the PRC2 protein EZH2. Because multiple variants of PRC1 subunits give rise to diverse PRC1 complexes serving different functions, expression of specific PRC1 variants was further examined. We identified PRC1 components including MEL18 (PCGF2) in immature neurons, and confirm BMI1 (PCGF4) expression in mature neurons. Moreover, we identified CBX8 as a neuron-specific PRC1 subunit. ChIP assays from OE cells demonstrated binding of PRC proteins to regulatory regions of specific transcription factors, consistent with PRC-mediated epigenetic silencing mechanisms active in adult OE. Conclusions Multiple Polycomb proteins have cell type-specific expression patterns in the adult OE. Findings presented here, together with evidence from prior studies, suggest that PRC-mediated epigenetic silencing contributes to regulation of cellular renewal and tissue homeostasis in the OE. Efforts to define the mechanisms that regulate repair in the OE are essential for development of new therapeutic strategies for olfactory disorders. Level of Evidence N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J Goldstein
- Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida U.S.A.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida U.S.A.,Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida U.S.A
| | - Rhea Choi
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida U.S.A.,Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida U.S.A.,Medical Scientist Training Program University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida U.S.A
| | - Garrett M Goss
- Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida U.S.A.,Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida U.S.A
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarosa Leri
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Lugano, Switzerland.
| | - Piero Anversa
- From the Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Lugano, Switzerland
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12
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Emmerson E, Knox SM. Salivary gland stem cells: A review of development, regeneration and cancer. Genesis 2018; 56:e23211. [PMID: 29663717 PMCID: PMC5980780 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Salivary glands are responsible for maintaining the health of the oral cavity and are routinely damaged by therapeutic radiation for head and neck cancer as well as by autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome. Regenerative approaches based on the reactivation of endogenous stem cells or the transplant of exogenous stem cells hold substantial promise in restoring the structure and function of these organs to improve patient quality of life. However, these approaches have been hampered by a lack of knowledge on the identity of salivary stem cell populations and their regulators. In this review we discuss our current knowledge on salivary stem cells and their regulators during organ development, homeostasis and regeneration. As increasing evidence in other systems suggests that progenitor cells may be a source of cancer, we also review whether these same salivary stem cells may also be cancer initiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Emmerson
- The MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Sarah M. Knox
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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13
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Wasielewska JM, Grönnert L, Rund N, Donix L, Rust R, Sykes AM, Hoppe A, Roers A, Kempermann G, Walker TL. Mast cells increase adult neural precursor proliferation and differentiation but this potential is not realized in vivo under physiological conditions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17859. [PMID: 29259265 PMCID: PMC5736663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that both peripheral and resident immune cells play an important part in regulating adult neural stem cell proliferation and neurogenesis, although the contribution of the various immune cell types is still unclear. Mast cells, a population of immune cells known for their role in the allergic response, have been implicated in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Mast cell-deficient c-kitW-sh/W-sh mice have previously been shown to exhibit significantly decreased adult hippocampal neurogenesis and associated learning and memory deficits. However, given that numerous other cell types also express high levels of c-kit, the utility of these mice as a reliable model of mast cell-specific depletion is questionable. We show here, using a different model of mast cell deficiency (Mcpt5CreR26DTA/DTA), that precursor proliferation and adult neurogenesis are not influenced by mast cells in vivo. Interestingly, when applied at supraphysiological doses, mast cells can activate latent hippocampal precursor cells and increase subventricular zone precursor proliferation in vitro, an effect that can be blocked with specific histamine-receptor antagonists. Thus, we conclude that while both mast cells and their major chemical mediator histamine have the potential to affect neural precursor proliferation and neurogenesis, this is unlikely to occur under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Wasielewska
- CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lisa Grönnert
- CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole Rund
- CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lukas Donix
- CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ruslan Rust
- Brain Research Institute ETH and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander M Sykes
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Hoppe
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Roers
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerd Kempermann
- CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tara L Walker
- CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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14
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Kurtenbach S, Ding W, Goss GM, Hare JM, Goldstein BJ, Shehadeh LA. Differential expression of microRNAs among cell populations in the regenerating adult mouse olfactory epithelium. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187576. [PMID: 29107942 PMCID: PMC5673187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a robust capacity for adult neurogenesis in the olfactory epithelium (OE), olfactory sensory losses are common. Identification of mechanisms regulating adult OE neurogenesis is, therefore, of interest. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are broadly important in regulating vertebrate neurodevelopment, and are required in embryonic olfactory differentiation. We report here that a panel of miRNAs is differentially expressed by either progenitor or progeny cells in the regenerating mouse OE. Progenitor cells were purified from lesioned OE based on c-Kit expression, and miRNA expression was assayed in c-Kit (+) and c-Kit (-) cell populations. 28 miRNAs were significantly downregulated by at least 4 fold in the c-Kit (+) fraction, which marks the globose basal progenitor cell population. In addition, 10 miRNAs were upregulated in these basal cells. MiR-486, the most strongly downregulated miRNA identified, was further characterized to verify results. MiR-486 expression was confirmed in the c-Kit (-) OE layers using in situ hybridization. As a functional assay, over-expression of miR-486 in purified c-Kit (+) basal cell cultures resulted in a reduction in neurogenesis, consistent with a possible negative feedback regulatory model. Our data provide new insights regarding miRNA expression and function during adult OE neurogenesis, and identify candidate miRNAs warranting further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kurtenbach
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Wen Ding
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Garrett M. Goss
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Joshua M. Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Bradley J. Goldstein
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BG); (LS)
| | - Lina A. Shehadeh
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BG); (LS)
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15
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Chen X, Wang S, Xu H, Pereira JD, Hatzistergos KE, Saur D, Seidler B, Hare JM, Perrella MA, Yin ZQ, Liu X. Evidence for a retinal progenitor cell in the postnatal and adult mouse. Stem Cell Res 2017; 23:20-32. [PMID: 28672156 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in cell therapy for retinal disorders has been challenging. Recognized retinal progenitors are a heterogeneous population of cells that lack surface markers for the isolation of live cells for clinical implementation. In the present application, our objective was to use the stem cell factor receptor c-Kit (CD117), a surface marker, to isolate and evaluate a distinct progenitor cell population from retinas of postnatal and adult mice. Here we report that, by combining traditional methods with fate mapping, we have identified a c-Kit-positive (c-Kit+) retinal progenitor cell (RPC) that is self-renewing and clonogenic in vitro, and capable of generating many cell types in vitro and in vivo. Based on cell lineage tracing, significant subpopulations of photoreceptors in the outer nuclear layer and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and Müller cells in the inner nuclear layer are the progeny of c-Kit+ cells in vivo. The RPC progeny contributes to retinal neurons and glial cells, which are responsible for the conversion of light into visual signals. The ability to isolate and expand in vitro live c-Kit+ RPCs makes them a future therapeutic option for retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shaojun Wang
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Joao D Pereira
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Dieter Saur
- Medicine II, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Seidler
- Medicine II, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mark A Perrella
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zheng Qin Yin
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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Fletcher RB, Das D, Gadye L, Street KN, Baudhuin A, Wagner A, Cole MB, Flores Q, Choi YG, Yosef N, Purdom E, Dudoit S, Risso D, Ngai J. Deconstructing Olfactory Stem Cell Trajectories at Single-Cell Resolution. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 20:817-830.e8. [PMID: 28506465 PMCID: PMC5484588 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A detailed understanding of the paths that stem cells traverse to generate mature progeny is vital for elucidating the mechanisms governing cell fate decisions and tissue homeostasis. Adult stem cells maintain and regenerate multiple mature cell lineages in the olfactory epithelium. Here we integrate single-cell RNA sequencing and robust statistical analyses with in vivo lineage tracing to define a detailed map of the postnatal olfactory epithelium, revealing cell fate potentials and branchpoints in olfactory stem cell lineage trajectories. Olfactory stem cells produce support cells via direct fate conversion in the absence of cell division, and their multipotency at the population level reflects collective unipotent cell fate decisions by single stem cells. We further demonstrate that Wnt signaling regulates stem cell fate by promoting neuronal fate choices. This integrated approach reveals the mechanisms guiding olfactory lineage trajectories and provides a model for deconstructing similar hierarchies in other stem cell niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell B Fletcher
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Diya Das
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Levi Gadye
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kelly N Street
- Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ariane Baudhuin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Allon Wagner
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael B Cole
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Quetzal Flores
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yoon Gi Choi
- QB3 Functional Genomics Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nir Yosef
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Elizabeth Purdom
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sandrine Dudoit
- Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Davide Risso
- Division of Biostatistics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - John Ngai
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; QB3 Functional Genomics Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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17
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Weng PL, Vinjamuri M, Ovitt CE. Ascl3 transcription factor marks a distinct progenitor lineage for non-neuronal support cells in the olfactory epithelium. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38199. [PMID: 27910949 PMCID: PMC5133605 DOI: 10.1038/srep38199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The olfactory epithelium (OE) is composed of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), sustentacular supporting cells, and several types of non-neuronal cells. Stem and progenitor cells are located basally, and are the source of all cell types needed to maintain OE homeostasis. Here, we report that Ascl3, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, is expressed in the developing OE. Lineage tracing experiments demonstrate that the non-neuronal microvillar cells and Bowman's glands are exclusively derived from Ascl3+ progenitor cells in the OE during development. Following chemically-induced injury, Ascl3 expression is activated in a subset of horizontal basal cells (HBCs), which repopulate all microvillar cells and Bowman's glands during OE regeneration. After ablation of Ascl3-expressing cells, the OE can regenerate, but lacks the non-neuronal microvillar and Bowman's gland support cells. These results demonstrate that Ascl3 marks progenitors that are lineage-committed strictly to microvillar cells and Bowman's glands, and highlight the requirement for these cell types to support OE homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lun Weng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Mridula Vinjamuri
- Center for Oral Biology and Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Catherine E. Ovitt
- Center for Oral Biology and Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
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18
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Goldstein BJ, Goss GM, Choi R, Saur D, Seidler B, Hare JM, Chaudhari N. Contribution of Polycomb group proteins to olfactory basal stem cell self-renewal in a novel c-KIT+ culture model and in vivo. Development 2016; 143:4394-4404. [PMID: 27789621 DOI: 10.1242/dev.142653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory epithelium (OE) has a lifelong capacity for neurogenesis due to the presence of basal stem cells. Despite the ability to generate short-term cultures, the successful in vitro expansion of purified stem cells from adult OE has not been reported. We sought to establish expansion-competent OE stem cell cultures to facilitate further study of the mechanisms and cell populations important in OE renewal. Successful cultures were prepared using adult mouse basal cells selected for expression of c-KIT. We show that c-KIT signaling regulates self-renewal capacity and prevents neurodifferentiation in culture. Inhibition of TGFβ family signaling, a known negative regulator of embryonic basal cells, is also necessary for maintenance of the proliferative, undifferentiated state in vitro Characterizing successful cultures, we identified expression of BMI1 and other Polycomb proteins not previously identified in olfactory basal cells but known to be essential for self-renewal in other stem cell populations. Inducible fate mapping demonstrates that BMI1 is expressed in vivo by multipotent OE progenitors, validating our culture model. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the renewal and potency of olfactory stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J Goldstein
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA .,Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.,Program in Neurosciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Garrett M Goss
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.,Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Rhea Choi
- MD, PhD Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Dieter Saur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Seidler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Nirupa Chaudhari
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.,Program in Neurosciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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19
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Schwob JE, Jang W, Holbrook EH, Lin B, Herrick DB, Peterson JN, Hewitt Coleman J. Stem and progenitor cells of the mammalian olfactory epithelium: Taking poietic license. J Comp Neurol 2016; 525:1034-1054. [PMID: 27560601 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of the olfactory epithelium (OE) for lifelong neurogenesis and regeneration depends on the persistence of neurocompetent stem cells, which self-renew as well as generating all of the cell types found within the nasal epithelium. This Review focuses on the types of stem and progenitor cells in the epithelium and their regulation. Both horizontal basal cells (HBCs) and some among the population of globose basal cells (GBCs) are stem cells, but the two types plays vastly different roles. The GBC population includes the basal cells that proliferate in the uninjured OE and is heterogeneous with respect to transcription factor expression. From upstream in the hierarchy to downstream, GBCs encompass 1) Sox2+ /Pax6+ stem-like cells that are totipotent and self-renew over the long term, 2) Ascl1+ transit-amplifying progenitors with a limited capacity for expansive proliferation, and 3) Neurog1+ /NeuroD1+ immediate precursor cells that make neurons directly. In contrast, the normally quiescent HBCs are activated to multipotency and proliferate when sustentacular cells are killed, but not when only OSNs die, indicating that HBCs are reserve stem cells that respond to severe epithelial injury. The master regulator of HBC activation is the ΔN isoform of the transcription factor p63; eliminating ΔNp63 unleashes HBC multipotency. Notch signaling, via Jagged1 ligand on Sus cells and Notch1 and Notch2 receptors on HBCs, is likely to play a major role in setting the level of p63 expression. Thus, ΔNp63 becomes a potential therapeutic target for reversing the neurogenic exhaustion characteristic of the aged OE. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:1034-1054, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Schwob
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02132
| | - Woochan Jang
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02132
| | - Eric H Holbrook
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02132
| | - Brian Lin
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02132
| | - Daniel B Herrick
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02132
| | - Jesse N Peterson
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02132
| | - Julie Hewitt Coleman
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02132
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20
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Goncalves S, Goldstein BJ. Pathophysiology of Olfactory Disorders and Potential Treatment Strategies. CURRENT OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 4:115-121. [PMID: 27529054 DOI: 10.1007/s40136-016-0113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory disorders have been regarded in the past with a sense of therapeutic nihilism. However, there have been remarkable advances in chemosensory research over the past several years. The clinical importance of olfactory disorders is well established, and entities such as presbyosmia have gained considerable broad attention. Powerful basic science experimental approaches have revealed aspects of olfactory neuron physiology, olfactory tissue maintenance and regeneration that provide new potential therapeutic targets for certain forms of olfactory dysfunction. Although many recent advances remain in pre-clinical stages, there is considerable reason for optimism regarding future approaches for treatment of patients with olfactory loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Goncalves
- Department of Otolaryngology and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Bradley J Goldstein
- Department of Otolaryngology and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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