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Li P, Chen Q, Chen Y, Zheng Z, Zhao X, Chen H, Liu Q, Xie F. Dried Blood Spots Sampling and Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling for Dosing Optimization of Piperacillin in Chinese Neonates. J Clin Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 39375321 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.6145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
Piperacillin is commonly used off-label in neonates for the treatment of bacterial infections. This study aimed to assess a dried blood spots (DBS)-based microsampling strategy for supporting population pharmacokinetics and treatment optimization of piperacillin in Chinese neonates. DBS samples from neonatal patients were collected at predefined intervals. Drug blood concentrations were quantified using a validated ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed using a nonlinear mixed-effects modeling approach. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) target was 75% of the time with the unbound drug plasma concentration above the minimum inhibitory concentration (fT>MIC), with a toxicity threshold of unbound drug plasma trough concentration above 64 mg/L. A total of 45 piperacillin samples from 24 neonates were collected. The pharmacokinetics of piperacillin was described using a one-compartment model with postmenstrual age (PMA) as the most significant covariate on clearance. Simulations showed that dosing regimens achieving >90% PK/PD target attainment with <10% risk of possible toxicity were: PMA 33-35 weeks (50 mg/kg q12h), 35-37 weeks (50 mg/kg q8h), and 37-41 weeks (50 mg/kg q6h). In conclusion, Using DBS sampling, we developed a population pharmacokinetic model of piperacillin in Chinese neonates, incorporating PMA to determine optimal dosing regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quanyao Chen
- Clinical Trial Institution, Scientific Research and lnnovation Center, Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Clinical Trial Institution, Scientific Research and lnnovation Center, Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Department of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Department of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huayan Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feifan Xie
- Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Oliveira JA, Loria F, Schobinger C, Kuuranne T, Mumenthaler C, Leuenberger N. Comparison between standard hematological parameters and blood doping biomarkers in dried blood spots within the athlete population of Swiss Sport Integrity. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1452079. [PMID: 39364095 PMCID: PMC11446872 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1452079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study demonstrated the feasibility of incorporating RNA biomarkers, specifically 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALAS2) and carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA1), to improve the hematological module of the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) in routine antidoping context. Objective The aim was to investigate the implementation of reticulocyte (RET) related biomarkers, specifically ALAS2 and CA1, using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) on dried blood spots (DBS) from elite athletes. Hemoglobin changes over time in DBS samples was measured as well. Combining hemoglobin and messenger RNA (mRNA) analyses allowed to monitor alterations of the established marker, "DBS OFF-score". Methodology Ten athletes were selected for sampling by the Swiss national antidoping organization, Swiss Sports Integrity (SSI). Samples were collected, transported and analyzed for ABP following the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) procedures and spotted onto Protein Saver DBS cards. Results Most athletes exhibited stable biomarker levels, except for one individual involved in ski mountaineering, who demonstrated a sustained increase in ALAS2 compared to the individual baseline. This elevation could be due to blood withdrawal or other factors, such as doping with substances outside the targeted test menu. Conclusion In this study, RNA-biomarkers were successfully analyzed in routine blood samples, and the project demonstrated promising results for the implementation of ALAS2 and CA1 in routine analysis to complement the ABP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Almeida Oliveira
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne University Hospital & University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Loria
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne University Hospital & University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Céline Schobinger
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne University Hospital & University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tiia Kuuranne
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne University Hospital & University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicolas Leuenberger
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne University Hospital & University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Abady MM, Jeong JS, Kwon HJ. Dried blood spot sampling coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass for simultaneous quantitative analysis of multiple cardiovascular drugs. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1242:124215. [PMID: 38917652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Dried Blood Spots (DBS) revolutionize therapeutic drug monitoring using LC-MS for the precise quantification of cardiovascular drugs (CDs), enabling personalized treatment adapted to patient-specific pharmacokinetics with minimal invasiveness. This study aims to achieve simultaneous quantification of eight CDs in DBS, overcoming physicochemical challenges. A two-step protein precipitation method was used for simple and precise sample preparation. The drugs were analyzed using LC-MS/MS in ESI positive-ion mode, showing high sensitivity and linearity, with a correlation coefficient (r2) exceeding 0.999, after being separated on a reversed-phase chromatography by gradient elution of DW-acetonitrile containing 0.1 % formic acid + 2 mM ammonium formate. The validation results indicate good selectivity, with no observed matrix effect and carry-over. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision were within 6 % for most drugs, except for digoxin and deslanoside at low therapeutic levels where the variation was within 20 %. Stability tests confirmed suitable DBS handling and storage conditions, indicating drug stability for at least 30 days at room temperature. The analysis of whole spot has demonstrated remarkable precision and reliability in all target drugs. The analysis of 3 mm internal diameter discs, punched in and out of DBS, presumed to contain 3 µL of blood, showed acceptable accuracy for most drugs, with less polar drugs like digoxin and deslanoside showing lower accuracy, indicating a need for further correction due to non-uniform drug distribution. Consequently, the developed LC-MS/MS method enables the quantification of multiple CDs in a single DBS analysis, while suggesting the potential for accuracy-based analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam M Abady
- Organic Metrology Group, Division of Chemical and Material Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Ji-Seon Jeong
- Organic Metrology Group, Division of Chemical and Material Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Jeong Kwon
- Organic Metrology Group, Division of Chemical and Material Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Kasu M, Ristow PG, Burrows AM, Kuplik Z, Gibbons MJ, D'Amato ME. Novel buffer for long-term preservation of DNA in biological material at room temperature. Biotechniques 2024; 76:357-370. [PMID: 38949197 DOI: 10.1080/07366205.2024.2360813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The collection and preservation of biological material before DNA analysis is critical for inter alia biomedical research, medical diagnostics, forensics and biodiversity conservation. In this study, we evaluate an in-house formulated buffer called the Forensic DNA Laboratory-buffer (FDL-buffer) for preservation of biological material for long term at room temperature. Human saliva stored in the buffer for 8 years, human blood stored for 3 years and delicate animal tissues from the jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca comb jelly Beroe sp., stored for 4 and 6 years respectively consistently produced high-quality DNA. FDL-buffer exhibited compatibility with standard organic, salting out and spin-column extraction methods, making it versatile and applicable to a wide range of applications, including automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaimin Kasu
- Department of Biotechnology, Forensic DNA Laboratory, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Western Cape, 7535, South Africa
| | - Peter G Ristow
- Department of Biotechnology, Forensic DNA Laboratory, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Western Cape, 7535, South Africa
| | - Adria Michelle Burrows
- Department of Biotechnology, Forensic DNA Laboratory, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Western Cape, 7535, South Africa
| | - Zafrir Kuplik
- Department of Biodiversity & Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Western Cape, 7535, South Africa
- The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mark J Gibbons
- Department of Biodiversity & Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Western Cape, 7535, South Africa
| | - Maria E D'Amato
- Department of Biotechnology, Forensic DNA Laboratory, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Western Cape, 7535, South Africa
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Harahap Y, Amarta V, Saputri FA. Development and validation of UPLC-MS/MS method for 5-Fluorouracil quantification in dried blood spot. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29990. [PMID: 38694102 PMCID: PMC11058897 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil is an antimetabolite drug indicated for cancer treatment. Therapeutic drug monitoring of 5-Fluorouracil is necessary because 5-Fluorouracil has narrow therapeutic window and its concentration in blood is affected by individual conditions, like gene polymorphisms. Dried Blood Spot (DBS) is one of the biosampling methods used for therapeutic drug monitoring. Asides from reducing patients' discomfort, the use of DBS can increase 5-Fluorouracil stability by stopping the enzymes activity in blood. Therefore, this research developed a method to monitor 5-Fluorouracil levels in DBS using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Sample preparation was carried out by extracting DBS using 2-Propanol: ethyl acetate (16:84). Reconstituted samples were analyzed using ultra high performance liquid chromatography equipped with Acquity® UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm; 1.7 μm). The ionization process was carried out in negative electrospray ionization mode. Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) values were set at m/z 128.97 > 41.82 for 5-Fluorouracil and 168.97 > 57.88 for propylthiouracil as the internal standard. Optimum analytical conditions were obtained with acetonitrile-ammonium acetate 1 mM (95:5) as mobile phase, flow rate of 0.15 mL/min, and column temperature of 40 °C. The lowest level of quantification obtained from this method was 0.1 μg/mL with a calibration curve range of 0.1 μg/mL-60 μg/mL. This method was proven to be valid according to the requirements set by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahdiana Harahap
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, West Java, Indonesia
- Faculty of Military Pharmacy, Republic of Indonesia Defense University, Bogor, 16810, Indonesia
| | - Vanessa Amarta
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, West Java, Indonesia
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Lee K, Tripathi A. Insight into Increased Recovery and Simplification of Genomic DNA Extraction Methods from Dried Blood Spots. Biopreserv Biobank 2024; 22:130-138. [PMID: 37410524 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2022.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no consensus on how to perform the manual extraction of nucleic acids from dried blood spots (DBSs). Current methods typically involve agitation of the DBSs in a solution for varying amounts of time with or without heat, and then purification of the eluted nucleic acids with a purification protocol. We explored several characteristics of genomic DNA (gDNA) DBS extraction such as extraction efficiency, the role of red blood cells (RBCs) in extraction and critical kinetic factors to understand if these protocols can be simplified while maintaining sufficient gDNA recovery. We found that agitation in a RBC lysis buffer before performing a DBS gDNA extraction protocol increases yield 1.5 to 5-fold, depending upon the anticoagulant used. The use of an alkaline lysing agent along with either heat or agitation was sufficient to elute quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) amplifiable gDNA in 5 minutes. This work adds insight into the extraction of gDNA from DBSs with the intention of informing a simple, standardized manual protocol for extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara Lee
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Anubhav Tripathi
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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7
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Loria F, Grabherr S, Kuuranne T, Leuenberger N. Use of RNA biomarkers in the antidoping field. Bioanalysis 2024; 16:475-484. [PMID: 38497758 PMCID: PMC11216508 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that various RNA molecules can serve as biomarkers for clinical diagnoses. Over the last decade, the high specificities and sensitivities of RNA biomarkers have led to proposals that they could be used to detect prohibited substances and practices in sports. mRNAs and circulating miRNAs have the potential to improve the detection of doping and expand the performance of the Athlete Biological Passport. This review provides a summary of the use of RNA biomarkers to detect human and equine doping practices, including a discussion of the use of dried blood spots as a stable matrix that supports and improves the general process of RNA biomarker detection. The advantages of RNA biomarkers over protein biomarkers are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Loria
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne & Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital & University of Lausanne, 1000, Switzerland
| | - Silke Grabherr
- University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne & Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital & University of Lausanne, 1000, Switzerland
| | - Tiia Kuuranne
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne & Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital & University of Lausanne, 1000, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Leuenberger
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne & Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital & University of Lausanne, 1000, Switzerland
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8
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Loria F, Breenfeldt Andersen A, Bejder J, Bonne T, Grabherr S, Kuuranne T, Leuenberger N, Baastrup Nordsborg N. mRNA biomarkers sensitive and specific to micro-dose erythropoietin treatment at sea level and altitude. Drug Test Anal 2024. [PMID: 38382494 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) is prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency. rhEPO abuse can be indirectly detected via the athlete biological passport (ABP). However, altitude exposure challenges interpretation of the ABP. This study investigated whether 5'-aminolevulinate synthase 2 (ALAS2) and carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA1) in capillary dried blood spots (DBSs) are sensitive and specific markers of rhEPO treatment at altitude. ALAS2 and CA1 expression was monitored in DBS collected weekly before, during, and after a 3-week period at sea level or altitude. Participants were randomly assigned to receive 20 IU kg bw-1 epoetin alpha (rhEPO) or placebo injections every second day for 3 weeks while staying at sea level (rhEPO, n = 25; placebo, n = 9) or altitude (rhEPO, n = 12; placebo, n = 27). ALAS2 and CA1 expression increased up to 300% and 200%, respectively, upon rhEPO treatment at sea-level and altitude (P-values <0.05). When a blinded investigator interpreted the results, ALAS2 and CA1 expression had a sensitivity of 92%. Altitude did not confound the interpretation. Altitude affected ALAS2 and CA1 expression less than actual ABP markers when compared between sea level and altitude results. An individual athlete passport-like approach simulation confirmed the biomarker potential of ALAS2 and CA1. ALAS2 and CA1 were sensitive and specific biomarkers of micro-dose rhEPO treatment at sea level and altitude. Altitude seemed less a confounding factor for these biomarkers, especially when they are combined. Thus, micro-dose rhEPO injections can be detected in a longitudinal blinded setting using mRNA biomarkers in DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Loria
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne & Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital & University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Breenfeldt Andersen
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Exercise Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Bejder
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Bonne
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Silke Grabherr
- University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne & Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital & University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tiia Kuuranne
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne & Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital & University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Leuenberger
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne & Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital & University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Lv J, Wu Q, Li S, Yi H, Xie F. Development and validation of a UPLC-PDA method for quantifying ceftazidime in dried blood spots. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 239:115928. [PMID: 38134705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection is a leading cause of neonatal death. Ceftazidime, commonly used for neonatal infections, is often used off-label. Blood sampling limits pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in neonatal patients. The dried blood spots (DBS) are a potential matrix for microsampling. Herein, we describe an ultra-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array (UPLC-PDA) to determine ceftazidime in DBS from neonatal patients in support of pharmacokinetic studies. The Capitainer® device-based DBS samples containing 10 µL blood were extracted in 70% methanol/water (v/v) with acetaminophen as the internal standard (IS). The extraction process was carried out at 20 °C using a block bath shaker at 1000 rpm for 30 min. The extracted ceftazidime was subsequently eluted through an Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.8 µm). Elution was achieved using a water (containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid)/acetonitrile linear gradient at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, and the analytical time was 3.2 min. The PDA detection wavelength was set at 259 nm. The method underwent thorough validation following the recommendation of the European Bioanalysis Forum (EBF) and the bioanalytical guideline established by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). No interfering peaks were detected at the retention times of ceftazidime and IS. The ceftazidime exhibited a quantification range spanning from 0.5 to 200 µg/mL, and the assay demonstrated good accuracy (intra/inter-assay ranging from 90.1% to 104.8%) and precision (intra/inter-assay coefficient of variations ranging from 4.8% to 11.7%). The method's applicability was demonstrated by analyzing clinical DBS samples collected from neonatal patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Lv
- Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Qiping Wu
- Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Sanwang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hanxi Yi
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feifan Xie
- Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
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Zhang Q, Du H, Zhang Y. Recent progress on the detection of animal-derived food stimulants using mass spectrometry-based techniques. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1226530. [PMID: 37533577 PMCID: PMC10391635 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1226530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The misuse of animal-derived stimulants in food is becoming increasingly common, and mass spectrometry (MS) is used extensively for their detection and analysis. There is a growing demand for abused-substances detection, highlighting the need for systematic studies on the advantages of MS-based methods in detecting animal-derived stimulants. Objective We reviewed the application of chromatography-mass spectrometry to the screening and detection of food stimulants of animal origin. Specifically, we analyzed four common animal sources of synthetic steroids, β-receptor agonists, zearalenol (ZAL), and glucocorticoids. We also explored the potential of using chromatography-mass spectrometry to detect and analyze animal-derived foods. Methods We searched and screened the Web of Science and Google Scholar databases until April 2023. Our inclusion criteria included a publication year within the last 5 years, publication language of English, and the research fields of food analysis, environmental chemistry, and polymer science. Our keywords were "mass spectrometry," "anabolic androgenic steroids," "β-2agonists," "glucocorticoids," "zearalenone," and "doping." Results Although traditional techniques such as thin-layer chromatography and enzyme-linked immunoassays are simple, fast, and suitable for the initial screening of bulk products, they are limited by their relatively high detection limits. Among the methods based on MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry are the most widely used for detecting food doping agents of animal origin. However, a sensitive method with high repeatability and a short analysis time for a large number of samples is still required. Advances in MS have enabled the detection of extremely low concentrations of these substances. Combining different techniques, such as high-resolution mass spectrometry, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry, and two-dimensional chromatography, offers significant advantages for detecting trace illicit drugs in animal-derived foods. Due to advances in assay technology and sample preparation methods, sample collection and storage methods such as dried blood spots, dried urine spots, and volumetric absorptive microsampling are increasingly accepted because of their increased stability and cost-effectiveness. Significance MS significantly improves the efficiency of detecting doping agents of animal origin. With the continuous development of MS technology, its application in the fields of doping detection and the analysis of doping agents of animal origin is expected to become more extensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Graduate School, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Du
- Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yingjian Zhang
- Faculty of Sports, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, Hebei Province, China
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11
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Pilot Pharmacokinetic Study in Healthy Adults Using Intravascular Microdialysis Catheters Modified for Use in Paediatric Patients to Assess Vancomycin Blood Levels. Clin Pharmacokinet 2023; 62:77-87. [PMID: 36471223 PMCID: PMC9898326 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-022-01190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Exhaustive pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in paediatric patients are unavailable for most antibiotics and feasibility of PK studies is limited by challenges, such as low blood volume and venipuncture-related pain. Microdialysis (MD) represents a promising method to overcome these obstacles. The aim of this proof-of-concept study was to develop and validate modified MD catheters that can be used to obtain concentration-time profiles of antibiotics in paediatric patients. METHODS Following extensive in vitro MD experiments, a prospective open-labelled study in ten healthy adult volunteers (HVs) was conducted. Subjects received a single intravenous dose of 1000 mg vancomycin, then plasma and intravascular microdialysate were sampled over 24 h. In vivo MD probe calibration was conducted using the retrodialysis technique. Plasma protein binding was measured using ultrafiltration. Confirmation of the measurements was performed using a Bland-Altman plot, relevant PK parameters were calculated, and a pharmacometric model was established. RESULTS No safety issues were encountered. The concentration-time curves of microdialysate and plasma measurements showed good alignment. The Bland-Altman plot yielded a mean bias of 0.19 mg/L and 95% limits of agreement of - 9.34 to 9.71 mg/L. A two-compartment model best described plasma PK, model-based estimates for recovery of the MD probes being in high agreement with the observed values. Quantified estimates of fraction unbound were comparable between plasma and microdialysate (p = 0.56). CONCLUSIONS An innovative MD catheter that can be inserted into small intravenous lines was successfully developed and applied in HV. This proof-of-concept study is encouraging and opens the way to further experiments leading towards future use of MD in paediatric patients.
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Samsonova JV, Saushkin NY, Osipov AP. Dried Blood Spots technology for veterinary applications and biological investigations: technical aspects, retrospective analysis, ongoing status and future perspectives. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:655-698. [PMID: 35771305 PMCID: PMC9244892 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09957-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dried Blood Spots (DBS) technology has become a valuable tool in medical studies, however, in veterinary and biological research DBS technology applications are still limited. Up-to-date no review has comprehensively integrated all the evidence existing across the fields, technologies and animal species. In this paper we summarize the current applications of DBS technology in the mentioned areas, and provide a scope of different types of dried sample carriers (cellulose and non-cellulose), sampling devices, applicable methods for analyte extraction and detection. Mammals, birds, insects and other species are represented as the study objects. Besides the blood, the review considers a variety of specimens, such as milk, saliva, tissue samples and others. The main applications of dried samples highlighted in the review include epidemiological surveys and monitoring for infections agents or specific antibodies for disease/vaccination control in households and wildlife. Besides the genetic investigations, the paper describes detection of environmental contaminants, pregnancy diagnosis and many other useful applications of animal dried samples. The paper also analyses dried sample stability and storage conditions for antibodies, viruses and other substances. Finally, recent developments and future research for DBS technology in veterinary medicine and biological sciences are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne V Samsonova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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13
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Allaway D, Alexander JE, Carvell-Miller LJ, Reynolds RM, Winder CL, Weber RJM, Lloyd GR, Southam AD, Dunn WB. Suitability of Dried Blood Spots for Accelerating Veterinary Biobank Collections and Identifying Metabolomics Biomarkers With Minimal Resources. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:887163. [PMID: 35812865 PMCID: PMC9258959 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.887163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarker discovery using biobank samples collected from veterinary clinics would deliver insights into the diverse population of pets and accelerate diagnostic development. The acquisition, preparation, processing, and storage of biofluid samples in sufficient volumes and at a quality suitable for later analysis with most suitable discovery methods remain challenging. Metabolomics analysis is a valuable approach to detect health/disease phenotypes. Pre-processing changes during preparation of plasma/serum samples may induce variability that may be overcome using dried blood spots (DBSs). We report a proof of principle study by metabolite fingerprinting applying UHPLC-MS of plasma and DBSs acquired from healthy adult dogs and cats (age range 1–9 years), representing each of 4 dog breeds (Labrador retriever, Beagle, Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen, and Norfolk terrier) and the British domestic shorthair cat (n = 10 per group). Blood samples (20 and 40 μL) for DBSs were loaded onto filter paper, air-dried at room temperature (3 h), and sealed and stored (4°C for ~72 h) prior to storage at −80°C. Plasma from the same blood draw (250 μL) was prepared and stored at −80°C within 1 h of sampling. Metabolite fingerprinting of the DBSs and plasma produced similar numbers of metabolite features that had similar abilities to discriminate between biological classes and correctly assign blinded samples. These provide evidence that DBSs, sampled in a manner amenable to application in in-clinic/in-field processing, are a suitable sample for biomarker discovery using UHPLC-MS metabolomics. Further, given appropriate owner consent, the volumes tested (20–40 μL) make the acquisition of remnant blood from blood samples drawn for other reasons available for biobanking and other research activities. Together, this makes possible large-scale biobanking of veterinary samples, gaining sufficient material sooner and enabling quicker identification of biomarkers of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Allaway
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Freeby Lane, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: David Allaway
| | - Janet E. Alexander
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Freeby Lane, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, United Kingdom
| | - Laura J. Carvell-Miller
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Freeby Lane, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, United Kingdom
| | - Rhiannon M. Reynolds
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Freeby Lane, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine L. Winder
- School of Biosciences and Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ralf J. M. Weber
- School of Biosciences and Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin R. Lloyd
- School of Biosciences and Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Southam
- School of Biosciences and Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Warwick B. Dunn
- School of Biosciences and Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Samsonova JV, Saushkin NY, Osipov AP. Dried Samples of Biological Fluids on Porous Membranes as a Promising Sample Preparation Method for Biomedical and Veterinary Diagnostics. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934822040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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15
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Verougstraete N, Stove V, Verstraete AG, Stove CP. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Using Dried Blood Microsamples. Front Oncol 2022; 12:821807. [PMID: 35392223 PMCID: PMC8980857 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.821807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is not yet performed routinely in the standard care of oncology patients, although it offers a high potential to improve treatment outcome and minimize toxicity. TKIs are perfect candidates for TDM as they show a relatively small therapeutic window, a wide inter-patient variability in pharmacokinetics and a correlation between drug concentration and effect. Moreover, most of the available TKIs are susceptible to various drug-drug interactions and medication adherence can be checked by performing TDM. Plasma, obtained via traditional venous blood sampling, is the standard matrix for TDM of TKIs. However, the use of plasma poses some challenges related to sampling and stability. The use of dried blood microsamples can overcome these limitations. Collection of samples via finger-prick is minimally invasive and considered convenient and simple, enabling sampling by the patients themselves in their home-setting. The collection of small sample volumes is especially relevant for use in pediatric populations or in pharmacokinetic studies. Additionally, working with dried matrices improves compound stability, resulting in convenient and cost-effective transport and storage of the samples. In this review we focus on the different dried blood microsample-based methods that were used for the quantification of TKIs. Despite the many advantages associated with dried blood microsampling, quantitative analyses are also associated with some specific difficulties. Different methodological aspects of microsampling-based methods are discussed and applied to TDM of TKIs. We focus on sample preparation, analytics, internal standards, dilution of samples, external quality controls, dried blood spot specific validation parameters, stability and blood-to-plasma conversion methods. The various impacts of deviating hematocrit values on quantitative results are discussed in a separate section as this is a key issue and undoubtedly the most widely discussed issue in the analysis of dried blood microsamples. Lastly, the applicability and feasibility of performing TDM using microsamples in a real-life home-sampling context is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Verougstraete
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veronique Stove
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain G Verstraete
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe P Stove
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Jing J, Shan Y, Liu Z, Yan H, Xiang P, Chen P, Xu X. Automated online dried blood spot sample preparation and detection of anabolic steroid esters for sports drug testing. Drug Test Anal 2022; 14:1040-1052. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.3226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jing
- Shanghai Anti‐doping Laboratory Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai China
| | - Yuanhong Shan
- Shanghai Anti‐doping Laboratory Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Department, Thermo Fisher Scientific Shanghai China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Forensic Toxicology Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Department of Forensic Toxicology Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Peijie Chen
- Shanghai Anti‐doping Laboratory Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai China
| | - Xin Xu
- Shanghai Anti‐doping Laboratory Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai China
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Hirano R, Yokokawa A, Furihata T, Shibasaki H. Dried blood spots analysis of 6β-hydroxycortisol and cortisol using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for calculating 6β-hydroxycortisol to cortisol ratio. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2021; 56:e4790. [PMID: 34881490 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling is a minimally invasive method used to collect blood samples of any population for personalized medicine. We aimed to develop a sensitive and reliable analytical method for measuring 6β-hydroxycortisol (6β-OHF) and cortisol concentrations in DBS by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry so as to utilize DBS as a less invasive blood sampling method for calculating the ratio of 6β-OHF/cortisol. The lower limits of quantification obtained using four DBS were 1.08 pg/50 μl for 6β-OHF and 1.01 pg/50 μl for cortisol. The 6β-OHF and cortisol in DBS were stable for 28 days at room temperature. The intraday and interday accuracy and precision of the method was <12%. Additionally, the 6β-OHF and cortisol in DBS were measured before, during, and after 3 days of clarithromycin administration to two of the subjects. Then, their concentration was compared in the plasma and whole blood collected simultaneously. The concentrations of 6β-OHF and cortisol in four DBS ranged from 0.007 to 0.079 ng/50 μl and from 1.15 to 6.66 ng/50 μl, respectively. The 6β-OHF/cortisol ratio in DBS decreased by approximately 50% on administering clarithromycin compared with that before the administration of clarithromycin. The 6β-OHF/cortisol ratio in DBS also showed a strong correlation with that in whole blood (r = 0.9694) and plasma (r = 0.9383). This method provides high accuracy and precision for measuring 6β-OHF and cortisol in DBS. It also allows the use of DBS instead of plasma for calculating the 6β-OHF/cortisol ratio. The 6β-OHF/cortisol ratio could be an index of CYP3A activity in clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Hirano
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akitomo Yokokawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Furihata
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Shibasaki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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Dried Blood Spot in Toxicology: Current Knowledge. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8090145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dried Blood Spot (DBS) is becoming very popular in various medical fields, especially in toxicology. Nowadays it is commonly used in newborn screening for inherited or congenital diseases. This paperwork is based on a review of available literature. DBS is simple and rapid, it does not require trained medical staff to collect the samples. Specimens can be easily and safely transported to the laboratory. DBS provides an opportunity for roadside testing and rather quick results. Venous blood spot, collected from a finger or a heel, is put on the special paper card, which can result in a different distribution of blood and concentration of detecting substances. Marking multiple substances from one spot is extremely challenging, but due to further advancements in this area, it is only a matter of time until it becomes possible and all the disadvantages vanish. DBS is certain to develop and become even more worldwide used.
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Loria F, Cox HD, Voss SC, Rocca A, Miller GD, Townsend N, Georgakopoulos C, Eichner D, Kuuranne T, Leuenberger N. The use of RNA-based 5'-aminolevulinate synthase 2 biomarkers in dried blood spots to detect recombinant human erythropoietin microdoses. Drug Test Anal 2021; 14:826-832. [PMID: 34216436 PMCID: PMC9545850 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The hematological module of the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) is used for indirect detection of blood manipulations; however, the use of this method to detect doping, such as with microdoses of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO), is problematic. For this reason, the sensitivity of ABP must be enhanced by implementing novel biomarkers. Here, we show that 5'-aminolevulinate synthase 2 (ALAS2) mRNAs are useful transcriptomic biomarkers to improve the indirect detection of rhEPO microdosing. Moreover, the sensitivity was sufficient to distinguish rhEPO administration from exposure to hypoxic conditions. Levels of mRNAs encoding carbonate anhydrase 1 (CA1) and solute carrier family 4 member 1 (SLC4A1) RNA, as well as the linear (L) and linear + circular (LC) forms of ALAS2 mRNA, were monitored for 16 days after rhEPO microdosing and during exposure to hypoxic conditions. ALAS2 mRNAs increased by 300% compared with the baseline values after rhEPO microdosing. Moreover, ALAS2 mRNAs were not significantly increased under hypoxic conditions. By contrast, CA1 mRNA was increased after both rhEPO microdosing and hypoxia, whereas SLC4A1 mRNA did not significantly increase under either condition. Furthermore, the analyses described here were performed using dried blood spots (DBSs), which provide advantages in terms of the sample collection, transport, and storage logistics. This study demonstrates that ALAS2 mRNA levels are sensitive and specific transcriptomic biomarkers for the detection of rhEPO microdosing using the hematological module of the ABP, and this method is compatible with the use of DBSs for anti-doping analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Loria
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne and Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Holly D Cox
- Sports Medicine Research and Testing Laboratory, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Angela Rocca
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne and Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Geoffrey D Miller
- Sports Medicine Research and Testing Laboratory, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Nathan Townsend
- Athlete Health and Performance Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital Doha, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Daniel Eichner
- Sports Medicine Research and Testing Laboratory, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tiia Kuuranne
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne and Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Leuenberger
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne and Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Long-Term Preservation and Storage of Faecal Samples in Whatman ® Cards for PCR Detection and Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium hominis. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051369. [PMID: 34065892 PMCID: PMC8151430 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Preservation and conservation of biological specimens, including faecal samples, is a challenge in remote areas or poor-resource settings where the cold chain cannot be maintained. This study aims at evaluating the suitability of filter cards for long-term storage of faecal samples of animal and human origin positive to the diarrhoea-causing protozoan parasites, Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium hominis. Three commercially available Whatman® Filter Cards were comparatively assessed: the FTA® Classic Card, the FTA® Elute Micro Card, and the 903 Protein Saver Card. Human faecal samples positive to G. duodenalis (n = 5) and C. hominis (n = 5) were used to impregnate the selected cards at given storage (1 month, 3 months, and 6 months) periods and temperature (-20 °C, 4 °C, and room temperature) conditions. Parasite DNA was detected by PCR-based methods. Sensitivity assays and quality control procedures to assess suitability for genotyping purposes were conducted. Overall, all three Whatman® cards were proven useful for the detection and molecular characterisation of G. duodenalis and C. hominis under the evaluated conditions. Whatman® cards represent a simple, safe, and cost-effective option for the transportation, preservation, and storage of faecal samples without the need of the cold chain.
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Mainero Rocca L, L’Episcopo N, Gordiani A, Vitali M, Staderini A. A 'Dilute and Shoot' Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for Multiclass Drug Analysis in Pre-Cut Dried Blood Spots. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3068. [PMID: 33809736 PMCID: PMC8002310 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Drugs able to affect the auditory and nervous systems and consumed by workers to treatdifferent pathologies can represent a possible source of risk in the work environment. All the target compounds involved in the presented project show ototoxic and/or narcoleptic side effects and, for these reasons, occupational safety organizations have recognized them as potential causes of work injuries. A multiclass method for the analysis of 15 drugs among the most widespread worldwide (belonging to nine different classes including antihistamines, beta-blockers, antidepressants, Z-drugs and opioids), was developed and validated. This study describes a rapid, sensitive and effective method to analyse these substances in whole blood using tailored pre-cut dried blood spots. Detection was achieved with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer after an easy and simple 'dilute and shoot' solubilisation followed by an UPLC separation. All the issues linked to the use of the dried blood spots and whole blood, such as haematocrit variability, volumetric evaluation and sample carrier choice were carefully studied and managed during method development. From the validation study results it emerged that this approach can be deemed successful thanks to its few pg µL-1 LOQs, good linear intervals, absolute recoveries of no less than 75%, an almost negligible matrix effect and accuracy and precision in line with the European and American guidelines for validation. All the obtained goals have been specifically pursued in order to encourage method diffusion as a primary prevention intervention, even in small private workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mainero Rocca
- Chemical Agents Laboratory, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL)—, Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy; (N.L.); (A.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Nunziata L’Episcopo
- Chemical Agents Laboratory, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL)—, Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy; (N.L.); (A.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrea Gordiani
- Chemical Agents Laboratory, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL)—, Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy; (N.L.); (A.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Matteo Vitali
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Staderini
- Chemical Agents Laboratory, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL)—, Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy; (N.L.); (A.G.); (A.S.)
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Harahap Y, Suryadi H, Anarta A. Development and Validation of Doxorubicin Hydrochloride and Doxorubicinol Quantification Method in Dried Blood Spot by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2021; 12:406-412. [PMID: 33679086 PMCID: PMC7909066 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_167_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dried blood spot as biosampling method offers a less invasive and easier procedure. This study aimed to develop the validated analytical method of doxorubicin hydrochloride and doxorubicinol simultaneously in dried blood spot with hexamethylphosphoramide as the internal standard. A total of 30 μL blood was spotted on DBS paper and dried for 3 hours before it was extracted by protein precipitation method using water and methanol. The separation was performed on column Acquity UHPLC BEH C-18 (2.1 × 100 mm; 1.7 μm), with 0.15 mL/min flow rate and using 0.1% acetic acid and acetonitrile as mobile phase in gradient elution for 7 min. Quantification analysis was performed by a triple quadrupole mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive ion mode. The multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was set at m/z 544.22 > 397.06 for doxorubicin hydrochloride; m/z 546.22 > 361.05 for doxorubicinol; and m/z 180.03 > 135.16 for hexamethylphosphoramide. The lower limit of quantitation was 10 ng/mL for doxorubicin and 4 ng/mL for doxorubicinol. Concentration range acquired was 10–200 ng/mL for doxorubicin and 4–100 ng/mL for doxorubicinol. The precision and accuracy were within acceptable criteria of <15%. Dried blood spot samples acquired was stable for at least 30 days before analysis. This method fulfilled the validation requirement refers to Bioanalytical Method Validation Guideline of European Medicines Agency 2011 and US Food and Drug Administration 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Herman Suryadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Aldhi Anarta
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
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Miyamoto T, Iino M, Komorizono Y, Kiguchi T, Furukawa N, Otsuka M, Sawada S, Okamoto Y, Yamauchi K, Muto T, Fujisaki T, Tsurumi H, Nakamura K. Screening for Gaucher Disease Using Dried Blood Spot Tests: A Japanese Multicenter, Cross-sectional Survey. Intern Med 2021; 60:699-707. [PMID: 33642560 PMCID: PMC7990619 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.5064-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective For patients with Gaucher disease (GD), a rare, inherited lysosomal storage disease, obtaining a definitive diagnosis is currently time-consuming and costly. A simplified screening method to measure the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) activity using dried blood spots (DBS) on filter paper has recently been developed. Using this newly developed screening method, we evaluated real-world GD screening in patients suspected of having GD. Methods This multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study with a diagnostic intervention component evaluated real-world screening in patients suspected of having GD based on their clinical symptoms and a platelet count <120,000/μL. The endpoint was the number of patients with low GBA activity determined using DBS. Results In 994 patients who underwent initial DBS screening, 77 had low GBA activity. The assay was not repeated in 1 patient who was diagnosed as having a high possibility of GD due to clinical symptoms, and a further 21 patients completed the study without undergoing the second assay. Of the remaining 55 patients who had 2 DBS assays performed, 11 had a low GBA activity in both assays. Overall, DBS screening identified 12 (1.2%) patients with a low GBA activity, a proportion consistent with prior screening studies. Conclusion These results suggest that the simplified DBS method was less burdensome to patients, was easily utilized by many physicians, and could be a useful first-tier screening assay for GD prior to initiating burdensome genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Miyamoto
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Masaki Iino
- Department of Hematology, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Toru Kiguchi
- Department of Hematology, Chugoku Central Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Maki Otsuka
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Japan
| | - Shohei Sawada
- Department of Dialysis and Neurology, Ijinkai Takeda General Hospital, Japan
| | | | | | - Toshitaka Muto
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Kokura Medical Center, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Fujisaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital, Japan
| | - Hisashi Tsurumi
- Department of Hematology, Matsunami General Hospital and Gifu University Hospital, Japan
| | - Kimitoshi Nakamura
- Division of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Japan
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Gildner TE. Reproductive hormone measurement from minimally invasive sample types: Methodological considerations and anthropological importance. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 33:e23535. [PMID: 33174269 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Energetic investment in human reproduction has long been recognized as costly, influencing developmental, physiological, and behavioral patterns in males and females. These effects are largely coordinated through the actions of reproductive hormones (eg, testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone). Here, the utility and limitations of minimally invasive sampling techniques are explored, providing a novel perspective on how reproductive hormone measurements can enhance reproductive endocrinology research. Salivary steroid measures are most commonly used, although several dried blood spot and urine assays are also available, and researchers continue to explore the efficacy of other sample types. These relatively simple measures have facilitated the collection of multiple samples from a single participant, allowing researchers to more accurately track the diurnal and cyclical variation exhibited by many reproductive hormones. Ultimately, the ability to collect fine-grained participant data allows biological anthropologists to better test questions central to human reproductive ecology, life history theory, and public health. For example, fieldwork using these techniques suggests that testosterone profile variation across populations is influenced by energetic constraints and reproductive status. Moreover, hormone concentrations shape the development of sex characteristics, with implications for evolutionary questions related to sexual selection. Hormone levels also can be used to identify a range of medical concerns (eg, suppressed hormone production levels linked with psychosocial stress). These findings highlight how minimally invasive collection techniques can be applied to test diverse evolutionary hypotheses and identify important health concerns. Still, more work is needed to standardize collection and laboratory analysis procedures, thereby enabling more direct data comparisons between researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa E Gildner
- Department of Anthropology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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Starlin Z, Harahap Y, S Sitepu E. Method Validation of Acrylamide in Dried Blood Spot by Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 23:1321-1331. [PMID: 32981266 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.1321.1331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Acrylamide (AA) is a carcinogenic substance that is easily found in working environment, food, contaminated air and tobacco smoke. This substance can be distributed rapidly through all body compartments. The aim of this study is to get the method for determining acrylamide in dried blood spot. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dried blood spot was used as the bio-sampling method and was optimized and validated by using propranolol as the internal standard. The sample was prepared using a protein precipitation technique optimized. Reversed-phase chromatography with Acquity® UPLC BEH C18 column (1.7, 2.1× 100 mm) was used for compound separation. RESULTS Optimized analytical condition for this substance was eluted with the flow rate of 0.20 mL/min under a gradient of the mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile within 3 min. Triple quadrupole mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive mode was used as quantification analysis. The Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) was set at m/z 71.99>55.23 (m/z) for acrylamide and 260.2>116.2 (m/z) for propranolol. The range of concentration was linear within 2.5-100 μg mL-1. CONCLUSION All the validation parameters were fulfilled the criteria in US FDA Guideline for Bioanalytical Method Validation 2018.
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Crimmins EM, Zhang YS, Kim JK, Frochen S, Kang H, Shim H, Ailshire J, Potter A, Cofferen J, Faul J. Dried blood spots: Effects of less than optimal collection, shipping time, heat, and humidity. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 32:e23390. [PMID: 31922324 PMCID: PMC7347424 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates how factors related to collection, storage, transport time, and environmental conditions affect the quality and accuracy of analyses of dried blood spot (DBS) samples. METHODS Data come from the 2016 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) DBS laboratory reports and the HRS merged with the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) Global Historical Climate Network Daily (NCDC GHCN-Daily) and the NCDC Local Climatological Data, by zip code. We ran regression models to examine the associations between assay values based on DBS for five analytes (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), C-reactive protein (CRP), and cystatin C) and the characteristics of DBS cards and drops, shipping time, and temperature, and humidity at the time of collection. RESULTS We found cholesterol measures to be sensitive to many factors including small spots, shipping time, high temperature and humidity. Small spots in DBS cards are related to lower values across all analytes. Longer DBS transit time before freezing is associated with lower values of total and HDL cholesterol and cystatin C. Results were similar whether or not venous blood sample values were included in equations. CONCLUSIONS Small spots, long shipping time, and exposure to high temperature and humidity need to be avoided if possible. Quality of spots and cards and information on shipping time and conditions should be coded with the data to make adjustments in values when necessary. The different results across analytes indicate that results cannot be generalized to all DBS assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen M. Crimmins
- Andrus Gerontology CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Yuan S. Zhang
- Carolina Population CenterUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - Jung Ki Kim
- Andrus Gerontology CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Stephen Frochen
- Andrus Gerontology CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Hyewon Kang
- Andrus Gerontology CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Hyunju Shim
- Andrus Gerontology CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Jennifer Ailshire
- Andrus Gerontology CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Alan Potter
- Department of Laboratory MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | - Jake Cofferen
- Department of Laboratory MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | - Jessica Faul
- Survey Research CenterUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
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Stolz A, Hedeland Y, Salzer L, Römer J, Heiene R, Leclercq L, Cottet H, Bergquist J, Neusüß C. Capillary Zone Electrophoresis-Top-Down Tandem Mass Spectrometry for In-Depth Characterization of Hemoglobin Proteoforms in Clinical and Veterinary Samples. Anal Chem 2020; 92:10531-10539. [PMID: 32628011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) constitutes an important protein in clinical diagnostics-both in humans and animals. Among the high number of sequence variants, some can cause severe diseases. Moreover, chemical modifications such as glycation and carbamylation serve as important biomarkers for conditions such as diabetes and kidney diseases. In clinical routine analysis of glycated Hb, sequence variants or other Hb proteoforms can cause interference, resulting in wrong quantification results. We present a versatile and flexible capillary zone electrophoresis-mass spectrometry screening method for Hb proteoforms including sequence variants and modified species extracted from dried blood spot (DBS) samples with virtually no sample preparation. High separation power was achieved by application of a 5-layers successive multiple ionic polymer layers-coated capillary, enabling separation of positional isomers of glycated α- and β-chains on the intact level. Quantification of glycated Hb was in good correlation with the results obtained in a clinical routine method. Identification and characterization of known and unknown proteoforms was performed by fragmentation of intact precursor ions. N-Terminal and lysine glycation could be identified on the α- and β-chain, respectively. The versatility of the method was demonstrated by application to dog and cat DBS samples. We discovered a putative new sequence variant of the β-chain in dog (T38 → A). The presented method enables separation, characterization, and quantification of intact proteoforms, including positional isomers of glycated species in a single run. Combined with the simple sample preparation, our method represents a valuable tool to be used for deeper characterization of clinical and veterinary samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Stolz
- Department of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430 Aalen, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ylva Hedeland
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, , Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liesa Salzer
- Department of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430 Aalen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Römer
- Department of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430 Aalen, Germany.,Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo-and Biosensors,University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Laurent Leclercq
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Beethovenstraße 1, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Hervé Cottet
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Beethovenstraße 1, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry -Biomedical Center, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Neusüß
- Department of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430 Aalen, Germany
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Kacargil CU, Daglioglu N, Goren IE. Determination of Illicit Drugs in Dried Blood Spots by LC–MS/MS Method: Validation and Application to Real Samples. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03907-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Vita GL, Vita G. Is it the right time for an infant screening for Duchenne muscular dystrophy? Neurol Sci 2020; 41:1677-1683. [PMID: 32112218 PMCID: PMC7359158 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Newborn screening (NBS) is an essential, preventive public health programme for early identification of disorders whose early treatment can lead to significant reduction in morbidity and mortality. NBS for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) has been a controversial matter for many years, because of false positives, the lack of effective drugs and the need of more data about screening efficacy. The still high diagnostic delay of DMD and the current availability of drugs such as steroid, ataluren, eteplirsen, golodirsen and forthcoming new drugs, improving the clinical conditions if early started, make appropriate to begin a concrete discussion between stakeholders to identify best practice for DMD screening. A two-step system CK/DNA screening programme is presented to be performed in male infants aged between 6 months and 42 months involving more than 30,000 male infants. Five to eight DMD subjects are believed to be diagnosed. The pilot project would give the opportunity to test in a small population the feasibility of an infant screening programme, which in the near future could be applicable to an entire country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luca Vita
- Nemo Sud Clinical Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vita
- Nemo Sud Clinical Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Messina, Italy. .,Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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Dvořák M, Ryšavá L, Kubáň P. Capillary Electrophoresis with Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detection for Quantitative Analysis of Dried Blood Spots with Unknown Blood Volume. Anal Chem 2019; 92:1557-1564. [PMID: 31794660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Blood volume in dried blood spot (DBS) analysis is assumed to be constant for DBS punches with a fixed area. However, blood volume in the punch is dependent on several factors associated with the blood composition and is preferentially normalized by off-line analysis for quantitative purposes. Instead of using external instrumentation, we present an all-in-one approach for the simultaneous determination of exact blood volume in the DBS punch and the quantitation of target analytes. A DBS is eluted with 500 μL of elution solvent in a sample vial, and the eluate is directly subjected to an automated analysis by capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C4D). The capillary blood volume in the eluate is calculated from the concentrations of the inorganic blood constituents (K+, Na+, or Cl-) determined by CE-C4D, which are linearly proportional to the blood volume originally sampled onto the DBS card. Alternatively, conductivity of the DBS eluate can be used for the blood volume determination by using C4D in a nonseparation flow-through mode. The methods are suitable for the determination of blood volume in unknown DBS samples by punching out the entire DBS or by subpunching a small section of a large DBS with variations of the true vs the determined volume ≤5.5%. Practical suitability was demonstrated by the simultaneous CE-C4D determination of K+ and Na+ (for DBS volume calculation) and amino acids (target analytes) in unknown DBS samples. Quantitative analysis of selected amino acids (related to inborn metabolic disorders) in the unknown DBS was compared with a standard analytical procedure using wet-blood chemistry, and an excellent fit was obtained. The use of CE-C4D represents an important milestone in quantitative DBS analysis since the detection technique is universal, and the separation technique enables the determination of cations and/or anions and the use of multiple detectors, which further enhance selectivity/sensitivity of the analysis and the range of detectable analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Dvořák
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Veveří 97 , CZ-60200 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Ryšavá
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Veveří 97 , CZ-60200 Brno , Czech Republic.,Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry , Brno University of Technology , Purkyňova 118 , CZ-61200 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Veveří 97 , CZ-60200 Brno , Czech Republic
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Ismail IT, Showalter MR, Fiehn O. Inborn Errors of Metabolism in the Era of Untargeted Metabolomics and Lipidomics. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9100242. [PMID: 31640247 PMCID: PMC6835511 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9100242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are a group of inherited diseases with variable incidences. IEMs are caused by disrupting enzyme activities in specific metabolic pathways by genetic mutations, either directly or indirectly by cofactor deficiencies, causing altered levels of compounds associated with these pathways. While IEMs may present with multiple overlapping symptoms and metabolites, early and accurate diagnosis of IEMs is critical for the long-term health of affected subjects. The prevalence of IEMs differs between countries, likely because different IEM classifications and IEM screening methods are used. Currently, newborn screening programs exclusively use targeted metabolic assays that focus on limited panels of compounds for selected IEM diseases. Such targeted approaches face the problem of false negative and false positive diagnoses that could be overcome if metabolic screening adopted analyses of a broader range of analytes. Hence, we here review the prospects of using untargeted metabolomics for IEM screening. Untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics do not rely on predefined target lists and can detect as many metabolites as possible in a sample, allowing to screen for many metabolic pathways simultaneously. Examples are given for nontargeted analyses of IEMs, and prospects and limitations of different metabolomics methods are discussed. We conclude that dedicated studies are needed to compare accuracy and robustness of targeted and untargeted methods with respect to widening the scope of IEM diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa T Ismail
- National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen El Kom 55955, Egypt.
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Megan R Showalter
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Min KL, Ryu JY, Chang MJ. Development and clinical applications of the dried blood spot method for therapeutic drug monitoring of anti‐epileptic drugs. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 125:215-236. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Lok Min
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine and Regulatory Sciences, Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy Yonsei University Incheon Korea
| | - Jae Yeoul Ryu
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Yonsei University Incheon Korea
| | - Min Jung Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine and Regulatory Sciences, Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy Yonsei University Incheon Korea
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Yonsei University Incheon Korea
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Nanthasurasak P, See HH, Zhang M, Guijt RM, Breadmore MC. In‐Transit Electroextraction of Small‐Molecule Pharmaceuticals from Blood. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavisara Nanthasurasak
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS)School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Tasmania Hobart 7005 Australia
| | - Hong Heng See
- Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu SinaInstitute for Scientific and Industrial ResearchUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru, Johor 81310 Malaysia
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesGuilin University of Electronic Technology Guilin Guangxi 541004 China
| | - Rosanne M. Guijt
- Deakin UniversityCentre for Rural and Regional Futures, Geelong Private Bag 20000 3220 Geelong Australia
| | - Michael C. Breadmore
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS)School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Tasmania Hobart 7005 Australia
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Nanthasurasak P, See HH, Zhang M, Guijt RM, Breadmore MC. In-Transit Electroextraction of Small-Molecule Pharmaceuticals from Blood. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3790-3794. [PMID: 30614157 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An electrokinetic platform was developed for extracting small-molecule pharmaceuticals from a dried blood spot. Through the exclusion of liquid reagents and use of low field strength (6 V cm-1 ), the electroextraction of a drug from a dried blood spot, deposited on a polymer inclusion membrane (PIM), could be realised while in transit in the mail. In transit sample preparation provides a potential solution to in situ sample degradation and may accelerate the workflow upon arrival of a patient sample at the analytical facility. The electroextraction method was enabled through our discovery of the use of 15-20 μm thin PIMs as electrophoretic separation medium in absence of liquid reagents. Here, a PIM consisting of cellulose triacetate as polymer base, 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether as plasticizer and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide as carrier was used. The PIM, was packaged with two 12 V batteries to supply the separation voltage. A blood spot containing berberine chloride was deposited and dried before the applying the separation potential, allowing for the electroextraction while the packaged device was shipped in internal mail. Upon arrival in the analytical laboratory, the PIM was analysed using a fluorescence microscope with photon multiplier tube, quantifying the berberine extracted away from the sample matrix. This platform represents a new opportunity for processing clinical samples during transport to the laboratory, saving time and manual handling to accelerate the time to result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavisara Nanthasurasak
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7005, Australia
| | - Hong Heng See
- Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina, Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, 81310, Malaysia
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Rosanne M Guijt
- Deakin University, Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Geelong, Private Bag 20000, 3220, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael C Breadmore
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7005, Australia
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Samsonova JV, Saushkin NY, Osipov AP, Kondakov SE, Fomina SN, Mischenko AV. Detection of Antibodies Against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotypes A, O and Asia-1 by ELISA in Strip-Dried Samples from Vaccinated Bovines. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 188:491-497. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-02938-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Allen AM, Lundeen K, Murphy SE, Spector L, Harlow BL. Web-Delivered Multimedia Training Materials for the Self-Collection of Dried Blood Spots: A Formative Project. JMIR Form Res 2018; 2:e11025. [PMID: 30684406 PMCID: PMC6334672 DOI: 10.2196/11025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of dried blood spots (DBS) in biomedical research has been increasing as an objective measure for variables that are typically plagued by self-report, such as smoking status and medication adherence. The development of training materials for the self-collection of DBS that can be delivered through the Web would allow for broader use of this methodology. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of the self-collection of DBS using newly developed multimedia training materials that were delivered through the Web. We also aimed to assess the usability of the collected DBS samples. Methods We recruited participants through Facebook advertising for two distinct studies. The first study evaluated the acceptability of our newly developed DBS training materials, while the second assessed the implementation of this protocol into a larger Web-based study. Results In the first study, participants (N=115) were aged, on average, 26.1 (SD 6.4) years. Training materials were acceptable (113/115, 98.2%, of participants were willing to collect DBS again) and produced usable samples (110/115, 95.7%, collected DBS were usable). In the second study, response rate was 25.0% (41/164), with responders being significantly younger than nonresponders (20.3 [SD 0.2] vs 22.0 [SD 0.4]; P<.001), and 92% (31/41) of collected DBS samples were usable by the laboratory. Conclusions Overall, while the protocol is acceptable, feasible, and produced usable samples, additional work is needed to improve response rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Allen
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Kim Lundeen
- Department of Family Medicine & Community Health, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sharon E Murphy
- Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Logan Spector
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Bernard L Harlow
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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Zwart TC, Gokoel SRM, van der Boog PJM, de Fijter JW, Kweekel DM, Swen JJ, Guchelaar HJ, Moes DJAR. Therapeutic drug monitoring of tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid in outpatient renal transplant recipients using a volumetric dried blood spot sampling device. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 84:2889-2902. [PMID: 30176064 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid dosing after renal transplantation is individualized through therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Home-based dried blood spot (DBS) sampling has the potential to replace conventional TDM sampling at the clinic. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay was developed to quantify tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid in DBS and clinically validated for abbreviated area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) monitoring using an innovative volumetric DBS sampling device. METHODS Clinical validation was performed by direct comparison of paired DBS and whole blood (WB) (tacrolimus) and plasma (mycophenolic acid) concentrations and AUCs. Agreement was evaluated using Passing-Bablok regression, Bland-Altman analysis and DBS-to-WB predictive performance. TDM dosing recommendations based on both methods were compared to assess clinical impact. RESULTS Paired tacrolimus (n = 200) and mycophenolic acid (n = 192) DBS and WB samples were collected from 65 kidney(-pancreas) transplant recipients. Differences for tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid were within ±20% for 84.5% and 76.6% of concentrations and 90.5% and 90.7% of AUCs, respectively. Tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid dosing recommendation differences occurred on 44.4% and 4.7% of occasions. Tacrolimus DBS dosing recommendations were 0.35 ± 0.14 mg higher than for WB and 8 ± 3% of the initial dose. Mycophenolic acid DBS dosing recommendations were 23.3 ± 31.9 mg lower than for plasma and 2 ± 3.5% of the initial dose. CONCLUSIONS Tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid TDM for outpatient renal transplant recipients, based on abbreviated AUC collected with a DBS sampling device, is comparable to conventional TDM based on WB sampling. Patient training and guidance on good blood-spotting practices is essential to ensure method feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom C Zwart
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sumit R M Gokoel
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J M van der Boog
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johan W de Fijter
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dina M Kweekel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jesse J Swen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Henk-Jan Guchelaar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Jan A R Moes
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Jain R, Quraishi R, Ambekar A, Verma A, Gupta P. Dried urine spots for detection of benzodiazepines. Indian J Pharmacol 2018; 49:465-469. [PMID: 29674802 PMCID: PMC5892029 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_578_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Benzodiazepines (BZD) are widely prescribed to substance users. However, the nonmedical use of prescription BZD often leads to abuse and dependence. Therefore, it is important to detect BZD among substance users seeking treatment. The aim of the present study was to develop an efficient method for testing BZD on dried urine spot (DUS) and evaluating its clinical applicability. METHODS: This involved optimization of conditions for the detection, recovery, and stability of BZD from dried urine, spotted on filter paper. Enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay was used for screening whereas confirmation was done by gas chromatography. For clinical applicability, urine samples of BZD users were tested. RESULTS: The recovery was found to be 99.7% in de-ionized water from 20 μl spotted urine samples. Limit of detection, inter-day and intra-day CV were found to be 100 ng/ml, 4.22% and 3.83%, respectively. BZD were found stable in DUS for 3 weeks at room temperature, and for 3 months at 4°C and −20°C. All the urine samples of benzodiazepine users were found positive by conventional method as well as the DUS method. CONCLUSION: DUS method proved to be efficient for BZD testing with advantages of ease of collection, transportation, minimal invasiveness and small sample volume. It offers a useful alternative for BZD testing especially in developing countries where logistics of sample collection and transportation could be an important concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raka Jain
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rizwana Quraishi
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Atul Ambekar
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arpita Verma
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pratibha Gupta
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Precise, accurate and user-independent blood collection system for dried blood spot sample preparation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:3315-3323. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Markwalter CF, Gibson LE, Mudenda L, Kimmel DW, Mbambara S, Thuma PE, Wright DW. Characterization of Plasmodium Lactate Dehydrogenase and Histidine-Rich Protein 2 Clearance Patterns via Rapid On-Bead Detection from a Single Dried Blood Spot. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 98:1389-1396. [PMID: 29557342 PMCID: PMC5953395 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A rapid, on-bead enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) and Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) was adapted for use with dried blood spot (DBS) samples. This assay detected both biomarkers from a single DBS sample with only 45 minutes of total incubation time and detection limits of 600 ± 500 pM (pLDH) and 69 ± 30 pM (HRP2), corresponding to 150 and 24 parasites/μL, respectively. This sensitive and reproducible on-bead detection method was used to quantify pLDH and HRP2 in patient DBS samples from rural Zambia collected at multiple time points after treatment. Biomarker clearance patterns relative to parasite clearance were determined; pLDH clearance followed closely with parasite clearance, whereas most patients maintained detectable levels of HRP2 for 35–52 days after treatment. Furthermore, weak-to-moderate correlations between biomarker concentration and parasite densities were found for both biomarkers. This work demonstrates the utility of the developed assay for epidemiological study and surveillance of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren E Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lwiindi Mudenda
- Rusangu University, Monze, Zambia.,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Danielle W Kimmel
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | - David W Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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Kim UJ, Kannan K. Method for the Determination of Iodide in Dried Blood Spots from Newborns by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3291-3298. [PMID: 29412637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dried blood spots (DBS), collected for newborn screening programs in the United States, have been used to screen for congenital metabolic diseases in newborns for over 50 years. DBS provide an easy and inexpensive way to collect and store peripheral blood specimens and present an excellent resource for studies on the assessment of chemical exposures in newborns. In this study, a selective and sensitive method was developed for the analysis of iodide in DBS by high performance liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Accuracy, inter- and intraday precision, matrix effects, and detection limits of the method were determined. Further validation of the method was accomplished by concurrent analysis of whole blood and fortified blood spotted on a Whatman 903 filter card. A significant positive correlation was found between measured concentrations of iodide in venous whole blood and the same blood spotted as DBS. The method limit of detection was 0.15 ng/mL iodide. The method was further validated by the analysis of a whole blood sample certified for iodide levels (proficiency testing sample) by spotting on a filter card. Twenty DBS samples collected from newborns in New York State were analyzed to demonstrate the applicability of the method. The measured concentrations of iodide in whole blood of newborns from New York State ranged between <LOD and 16.4 ng/mL. The developed method is applicable for the analysis of DBS collected for epidemiological studies that investigate the importance of iodide on the health of newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un-Jung Kim
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health , State University of New York at Albany , Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509 , Albany , New York 12201-0509 , United States
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health , State University of New York at Albany , Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509 , Albany , New York 12201-0509 , United States.,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
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Dried Blood Spot Methodology in Combination With Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry Facilitates the Monitoring of Teriflunomide. Ther Drug Monit 2017; 38:471-82. [PMID: 27015245 PMCID: PMC4949010 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Teriflunomide, a once-daily oral immunomodulator approved for treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, is eliminated slowly from plasma. If necessary to rapidly lower plasma concentrations of teriflunomide, an accelerated elimination procedure using cholestyramine or activated charcoal may be used. The current bioanalytical assay for determination of plasma teriflunomide concentration requires laboratory facilities for blood centrifugation and plasma storage. An alternative method, with potential for greater convenience, is dried blood spot (DBS) methodology. Analytical and clinical validations are required to switch from plasma to DBS (finger-prick sampling) methodology. Methods: Using blood samples from healthy subjects, an LC-MS/MS assay method for quantification of teriflunomide in DBS over a range of 0.01–10 mcg/mL was developed and validated for specificity, selectivity, accuracy, precision, reproducibility, and stability. Results were compared with those from the current plasma assay for determination of plasma teriflunomide concentration. Results: Method was specific and selective relative to endogenous compounds, with process efficiency ∼88%, and no matrix effect. Inaccuracy and imprecision for intraday and interday analyses were <15% at all concentrations tested. Quantification of teriflunomide in DBS assay was not affected by blood deposit volume and punch position within spot, and hematocrit level had a limited but acceptable effect on measurement accuracy. Teriflunomide was stable for at least 4 months at room temperature, and for at least 24 hours at 37°C with and without 95% relative humidity, to cover sampling, drying, and shipment conditions in the field. The correlation between DBS and plasma concentrations (R2 = 0.97), with an average blood to plasma ratio of 0.59, was concentration independent and constant over time. Conclusions: DBS sampling is a simple and practical method for monitoring teriflunomide concentrations.
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Reichert S, Froy H, Boner W, Burg TM, Daunt F, Gillespie R, Griffiths K, Lewis S, Phillips RA, Nussey DH, Monaghan P. Telomere length measurement by qPCR in birds is affected by storage method of blood samples. Oecologia 2017; 184:341-350. [PMID: 28547179 PMCID: PMC5487852 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-3887-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Given the potential role of telomeres as biomarkers of individual health and ageing, there is an increasing interest in studying telomere dynamics in a wider range of taxa in the fields of ecology and evolutionary biology. Measuring telomere length across the lifespan in wild animal systems is essential for testing these hypotheses, and may be aided by archived blood samples collected as part of longitudinal field studies. However, sample collection, storage, and DNA extraction methods may influence telomere length measurement, and it may, therefore, be difficult to balance consistency in sampling protocol with making the most of available samples. We used two complementary approaches to examine the impacts of sample storage method on measurements of relative telomere length (RTL) by qPCR, particularly focusing on FTA (Flinders Technology Associates) cards as a long-term storage solution. We used blood samples from wandering albatrosses collected over 14 years and stored in three different ways (n = 179), and also blood samples from captive zebra finches (n = 30) that were each stored using three different methods. Sample storage method influenced RTL in both studies, and samples on FTA cards had significantly shorter RTL measurements. There was no significant correlation between RTL measured in zebra finch blood on FTA cards and the same samples stored either as frozen whole blood or as extracted DNA. These results highlight the importance of consistency of sampling protocol, particularly in the context of long-term field studies, and suggest that FTA cards should not be used as a long-term storage solution to measure RTL without validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Reichert
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. .,Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Hannah Froy
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. .,British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Winnie Boner
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Theresa M Burg
- Department of Biology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada
| | | | - Robert Gillespie
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kate Griffiths
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sue Lewis
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Dan H Nussey
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pat Monaghan
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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44
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Gao F, McDaniel J, Chen EY, Rockwell HE, Drolet J, Vishnudas VK, Tolstikov V, Sarangarajan R, Narain NR, Kiebish MA. Dynamic and temporal assessment of human dried blood spot MS/MS ALL shotgun lipidomics analysis. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:28. [PMID: 28344632 PMCID: PMC5360027 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Real-time and dynamic assessment of an individual's lipid homeostatic state in blood is complicated due to the need to collect samples in a clinical environment. In the context of precision medicine and population health, tools that facilitate sample collection and empower the individual to participate in the process are necessary to complement advanced bioanalytical analysis. The dried blood spot (DBS) methodology via finger prick or heel prick is a minimally invasive sample collection method that allows the relative ease and low cost of sample collection as well as transport. However, it has yet to be integrated into broad scale personalized lipidomic analysis. Therefore, in this study we report the development of a novel DBS high resolution MS/MSALL lipidomics workflow. METHODS In this report we compared lipidomic analysis of four types of blood sample collection methods (DBS, venous whole blood, serum, and plasma) across several parameters, which include lipidomics coverage of each matrix and the effects of temperature and time on the coverage and stability of different lipid classes and molecular species. The novel DBS-MS/MSALL lipidomics platform developed in this report was then applied to examine postprandial effects on the blood lipidome and further to explore the temporal fluctuation of the lipidome across hours and days. RESULTS More than 1,200 lipid molecular species from a single DBS sample were identified and quantified. The lipidomics profile of the DBS samples is comparable to whole blood matrix. DBS-MS/MSALL lipidomic analysis in postprandial experiments revealed significant alterations in triacylglyceride species. Temporal analysis of the lipidome at various times in the day and across days identified several lipid species that fluctuate as a function of time, and a subset of lipid species were identified to be significantly altered across hours within a day and within successive days of the week. CONCLUSIONS A novel DBS-MS/MSALL lipidomics method has been established for human blood. The feasibility and application of this method demonstrate the potential utility for lipidomics analysis in both healthy and diverse diseases states. This DBS MS-based lipidomics analysis represents a formidable approach for empowering patients and individuals in the era of precision medicine to uncover novel biomarkers and to monitor lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- BERG, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA 01701 USA
| | - Justice McDaniel
- BERG, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA 01701 USA
| | - Emily Y. Chen
- BERG, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA 01701 USA
| | - Hannah E. Rockwell
- BERG, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA 01701 USA
| | - Jeremy Drolet
- BERG, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA 01701 USA
| | - Vivek K. Vishnudas
- BERG, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA 01701 USA
| | - Vladimir Tolstikov
- BERG, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA 01701 USA
| | | | - Niven R. Narain
- BERG, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA 01701 USA
| | - Michael A. Kiebish
- BERG, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Bldg B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA 01701 USA
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Martin-Park A, Gomez-Govea MA, Lopez-Monroy B, Treviño-Alvarado VM, Torres-Sepúlveda MDR, López-Uriarte GA, Villanueva-Segura OK, Ruiz-Herrera MDC, Martinez-Fierro MDLL, Delgado-Enciso I, Flores-Suárez AE, White GS, Martínez de Villarreal LE, Ponce-Garcia G, Black WC, Rodríguez-Sanchez IP. Profiles of Amino Acids and Acylcarnitines Related with Insecticide Exposure in Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169514. [PMID: 28085898 PMCID: PMC5234828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Culex quinquefasciatus Say is a vector of many pathogens of humans, and both domestic and wild animals. Personal protection, reduction of larval habitats, and chemical control are the best ways to reduce mosquito bites and, therefore, the transmission of mosquito-borne pathogens. Currently, to reduce the risk of transmission, the pyrethroids, and other insecticide groups have been extensively used to control both larvae and adult mosquitoes. In this context, amino acids and acylcarnitines have never been associated with insecticide exposure and or insecticide resistance. It has been suggested that changes in acylcarnitines and amino acids profiles could be a powerful diagnostic tool for metabolic alterations. Monitoring these changes could help to better understand the mechanisms involved in insecticide resistance, complementing the strategies for managing this phenomenon in the integrated resistance management. The purpose of the study was to determine the amino acids and acylcarnitines profiles in larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus after the exposure to different insecticides. Bioassays were performed on Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae exposed to the diagnostic doses (DD) of the insecticides chlorpyrifos (0.001 μg/mL), temephos (0.002 μg/mL) and permethrin (0.01 μg/mL). In each sample, we analyzed the profile of 12 amino acids and 31 acylcarnitines by LC-MS/MS. A t-test was used to determine statistically significant differences between groups and corrections of q-values. Results indicates three changes, the amino acids arginine (ARG), free carnitine (C0) and acetyl-carnitine (C2) that could be involved in energy production and insecticide detoxification. We confirmed that concentrations of amino acids and acylcarnitines in Cx. quinquefasciatus vary with respect to different insecticides. The information generated contributes to understand the possible mechanisms and metabolic changes occurring during insecticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdiel Martin-Park
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Mayra A. Gomez-Govea
- Departamento de Zoología de Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Beatriz Lopez-Monroy
- Departamento de Zoología de Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | | | | | - Graciela Arelí López-Uriarte
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Olga Karina Villanueva-Segura
- Departamento de Zoología de Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | | | | | - Ivan Delgado-Enciso
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Colima, México
- Instituto Estatal de Cáncer, Secretaria de Salud de Colima, Colima, México
| | - Adriana E. Flores-Suárez
- Departamento de Zoología de Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Gregory S. White
- The Coachella Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District, Indio, California, United States of America
| | | | - Gustavo Ponce-Garcia
- Departamento de Zoología de Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - William C. Black
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Irám Pablo Rodríguez-Sanchez
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
- * E-mail:
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Formenti F, Buonfrate D, Prandi R, Marquez M, Caicedo C, Rizzi E, Guevara AG, Vicuña Y, Huerlo FR, Perandin F, Bisoffi Z, Anselmi M. Comparison of S. stercoralis Serology Performed on Dried Blood Spots and on Conventional Serum Samples. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1778. [PMID: 27877170 PMCID: PMC5099234 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dried blood spots (DBS) are used for epidemiological surveys on infectious diseases in settings where limited resources are available. In fact, DBS can help to overcome logistic difficulties for the collection, transport and storage of biological specimens. Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of Strongyloides stercoralis serology performed on DBS. Methods: A survey was proposed to children attending a school in the village of Borbon, Ecuador, and to their parents/guardians. Each participant gave consent to the collection of both serum and DBS specimens. DBS absorbed on filter papers were analyzed with a commercially available ELISA test for S. stercoralis antibodies, as well as with standard serology. The agreement between the two methods was assessed through the Cohen’s kappa coefficient. Results: The study sample was composed of 174 children and 61 adults, for a total of 235 serum and 235 DBS samples. The serology was positive in 31/235 (13%) serum samples, and in 27/235 (11%) DBS: 4 samples resulted discordant (positive at standard serology). Cohen’s kappa coefficient was 0.921 (95% CI 0.845 – 0.998), indicating a high rate of concordance. Conclusion: DBS are suitable for in field-surveys requiring serological testing for S. stercoralis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Formenti
- Centre for Tropical Diseases, Sacro Cuore Hospital Verona, Italy
| | - Dora Buonfrate
- Centre for Tropical Diseases, Sacro Cuore Hospital Verona, Italy
| | - Rosanna Prandi
- Centro de Epidemiología Comunitaria y Medicina Tropical Esmeraldas, Ecuador
| | - Monica Marquez
- Centro de Epidemiología Comunitaria y Medicina Tropical Esmeraldas, Ecuador
| | - Cintia Caicedo
- Centro de Epidemiología Comunitaria y Medicina Tropical Esmeraldas, Ecuador
| | - Eleonora Rizzi
- Centre for Tropical Diseases, Sacro Cuore Hospital Verona, Italy
| | - Angel G Guevara
- Instituto de Biomedicina, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador Quito, Ecuador
| | - Yosselin Vicuña
- Instituto de Biomedicina, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Zeno Bisoffi
- Centre for Tropical Diseases, Sacro Cuore Hospital Verona, Italy
| | - Mariella Anselmi
- Centre for Tropical Diseases, Sacro Cuore HospitalVerona, Italy; Centro de Epidemiología Comunitaria y Medicina TropicalEsmeraldas, Ecuador
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Venkatagiriappa S, Raman A, Sharma A. The Role of Blood Spot Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Levels in Adjunct to Hand Wrist Radiographs as Skeletal Maturity Indicator. Turk J Orthod 2016; 29:69-72. [PMID: 30112477 DOI: 10.5152/turkjorthod.2016.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to find out whether blood spot Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEAs) levels can be used as Skeletal Maturity Indicators (SMI) by correlating them to hand-wrist maturation stages. Methods The cross sectional study population consisted of 107 subjects (62 females and 45 males) 5-25 years old. Hand-wrist radiographs were obtained, and the subjects were divided into 5 groups based on the hand-wrist skeletal maturity stages. A blood spot sample was collected and immunoassayed for DHEAs. Analysis of variance was used to compare the mean DHEAs levels corresponding to the hand-wrist maturation stages. Pearson's correlations were performed to determine the DHEAs trends relating to the various hand-wrist maturation stages. Results DHEAs levels increased continuously from the prepubertal stage to the acceleration, high growth velocity/peak, deceleration, and postpubertal stages (r=0.17), but the total increase was not found to be statistically significant (p=0.08). Conclusion The blood spot DHEAs level cannot be used as an SMI in individuals. Nevertheless, it can be used in conjunction with hand wrist radiographs to predict and validate the skeletal maturation. The role of DHEAs in the termination of growth and residual growth may be a subject for further research.
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48
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Haga SB. Challenges of development and implementation of point of care pharmacogenetic testing. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 16:949-60. [PMID: 27402403 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2016.1211934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Just as technology was the underlying driver of the sequencing of the human genome and subsequent generation of volumes of genome sequence data from healthy and affected individuals, animal, plant, and microbial species alike, so too will technology revolutionize diagnostic testing. One area of intense interest is the use of genetic data to inform decisions regarding drug selection and drug dosing, known as pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing, to improve likelihood of successful treatment outcomes with minimal risks. AREAS COVERED This commentary will provide an overview of implementation research of PGx testing, the benefits of point-of-care (POC) testing and overview of POC testing platforms, available PGx tests, and barriers and facilitators to the development and integration of POC-PGx testing into clinical settings. Sources include the published literature, and databases from the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services, Food and Drug Administration. Expert commentary: The utilization of POC PGx testing may enable more routine test use, but the development and implementation of such tests will face some barriers before personalized medicine is available to every patient. In particular, provider training, availability of clinical decision supports, and connectivity will be key areas to facilitate routine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne B Haga
- a Department of Medicine, Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine , Duke University School of Medicine , Durham , NC , USA
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49
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Zheng Y, Wang Q, Wang X, Chen Y, Wang X, Zhang X, Bai Z, Han X, Zhang Z. Development and Application of Zirconia Coated Paper Substrate for High Sensitivity Analysis of Therapeutic Drugs in Dried Blood Spots. Anal Chem 2016; 88:7005-13. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zheng
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Clinical
Analysis Laboratory, Xi’an Mental Health Center, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Zongquan Bai
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Han
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
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50
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Willick SE, Miller GD, Eichner D. The Anti‐Doping Movement. PM R 2016; 8:S125-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart E. Willick
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Utah Orthopaedic Center, 590 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108
| | | | - Daniel Eichner
- Sports Medicine Research and Testing Laboratory, Salt Lake City, UT
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