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Yang Y, Yan C, Li A, Qiu J, Yan W, Dang H. Effects of the plastic additive 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol on intestinal microbiota of zebrafish. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133987. [PMID: 38461668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Plastic additives such as the antioxidant 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) have been widely detected in aquatic environments, over a wide range of concentrations reaching 300 μg/L in surface water, potentially threatening the health of aquatic organisms and ecosystems. However, knowledge of the specific effects of 2,4-DTBP on aquatic vertebrates is still limited. In this study, adult zebrafish were exposed to different concentrations of 2,4-DTBP (0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L) for 21 days in the laboratory. The amplicon sequencing results indicated that the diversity and composition of the zebrafish gut microbiota were significantly changed by 2,4-DTBP, with a shift in the dominant flora to more pathogenic genera. Exposure to 2,4-DTBP at 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L significantly increased the body weight and length of zebrafish, suggesting a biological stress response. Structural assembly defects were also observed in the intestinal tissues of zebrafish exposed to 2,4-DTBP, including autolysis of intestinal villi, adhesions and epithelial detachment of intestinal villi, as well as inflammation. The transcriptional expression of some genes showed that 2,4-DTBP adversely affected protein digestion and absorption, glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. These results are consistent with the PICRUSt2 functional prediction analysis of intestinal microbiota of zebrafish exposed to 2,4-DTBP. This study improves our understanding of the effects of 2,4-DTBP on the health of aquatic vertebrates and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmeng Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Chen Yan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Aifeng Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Jiangbing Qiu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Wenhui Yan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Hui Dang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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2
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Oderberg IM, Goessling W. Biliary epithelial cells are facultative liver stem cells during liver regeneration in adult zebrafish. JCI Insight 2023; 8:163929. [PMID: 36625346 PMCID: PMC9870093 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.163929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a highly regenerative organ, yet the presence of a dedicated stem cell population remains controversial. Here, we interrogate a severe hepatocyte injury model in adult zebrafish to define that regeneration involves a stem cell population. After near-total hepatocyte ablation, single-cell transcriptomic and high-resolution imaging analyses throughout the entire regenerative timeline reveal that biliary epithelial cells undergo transcriptional and morphological changes to become hepatocytes. As a population, biliary epithelial cells give rise to both hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells. Biliary epithelial cells proliferate and dedifferentiate to express hepatoblast transcription factors prior to hepatocyte differentiation. This process is characterized by increased MAPK, PI3K, and mTOR signaling, and chemical inhibition of these pathways impairs biliary epithelial cell proliferation and fate conversion. We conclude that, upon severe hepatocyte ablation in the adult liver, biliary epithelial cells act as facultative liver stem cells in an EGFR-PI3K-mTOR-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac M. Oderberg
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Concha ML, Reig G. Origin, form and function of extraembryonic structures in teleost fishes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210264. [PMID: 36252221 PMCID: PMC9574637 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Teleost eggs have evolved a highly derived early developmental pattern within vertebrates as a result of the meroblastic cleavage pattern, giving rise to a polar stratified architecture containing a large acellular yolk and a small cellular blastoderm on top. Besides the acellular yolk, the teleost-specific yolk syncytial layer (YSL) and the superficial epithelial enveloping layer are recognized as extraembryonic structures that play critical roles throughout embryonic development. They provide enriched microenvironments in which molecular feedback loops, cellular interactions and mechanical signals emerge to sculpt, among other things, embryonic patterning along the dorsoventral and left-right axes, mesendodermal specification and the execution of morphogenetic movements in the early embryo and during organogenesis. An emerging concept points to a critical role of extraembryonic structures in reinforcing early genetic and morphogenetic programmes in reciprocal coordination with the embryonic blastoderm, providing the necessary boundary conditions for development to proceed. In addition, the role of the enveloping cell layer in providing mechanical, osmotic and immunological protection during early stages of development, and the autonomous nutritional support provided by the yolk and YSL, have probably been key aspects that have enabled the massive radiation of teleosts to colonize every ecological niche on the Earth. This article is part of the theme issue 'Extraembryonic tissues: exploring concepts, definitions and functions across the animal kingdom'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel L. Concha
- Integrative Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Germán Reig
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica y del Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 7800003, Chile
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4
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Schwepe CW, Wojno M, Molinari GS, Kwasek K. The Effects of Plant Protein-Enriched Live Food on Larval Zebrafish Growth and the Status of Its Digestive Tract Development. Zebrafish 2022; 19:229-240. [PMID: 36367699 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2022.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Live food is necessary for the proper development of zebrafish larvae, providing nutrition in a form that is easily digestible and available to the larvae. Live food is commonly enriched to increase the dietary content of certain nutrients. However, little research has been done on protein-based enrichments, especially those of plant origin. This study sought to examine how different quality protein enrichments affected the composition of live food as well as growth and digestive tract development of larval zebrafish, Danio rerio. Larval zebrafish were fed from 3 to 22 days posthatch (dph) with one of six live food (rotifers Brachionus plicatilis and Artemia spp.) treatments: (1) live food with no enrichment (starved; control); (2) live food enriched with commercially used Spirulina spp. algae; (3) live food enriched with soybean meal (SBM); (4) live feed enriched with soy protein concentrate (SPC); (5) live feed enriched with a fishmeal hydrolysate; and (6) live feed enriched with intact fishmeal (FM). Proximate composition of live food was significantly affected by enrichment, in particular, protein content of rotifers was significantly increased by enrichment with SBM. Zebrafish fed SBM-enriched live food showed longer total body length than all other groups, except SPC. Zebrafish in the SBM group also showed increased gene expression of chymotrypsin in the intestine, possibly indicating improved intestinal development and extracellular digestion, which likely contributed to improved growth. Conversely, zebrafish fed hydrolysate-enriched live food showed reduced gene expression of alkaline phosphatase, possibly indicating a less developed intestinal tract, correlating with reduced growth compared to SBM group. Overall, plant protein was shown to be a promising source of live food enrichment for improving larval zebrafish growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor W Schwepe
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Michal Wojno
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Giovanni S Molinari
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Karolina Kwasek
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
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5
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Yan L, Gao S, Zhu J, Zhou J. Irf2bp2a regulates liver development via stabilizing P53 protein in zebrafish. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Pattipeiluhu R, Arias-Alpizar G, Basha G, Chan KYT, Bussmann J, Sharp TH, Moradi MA, Sommerdijk N, Harris EN, Cullis PR, Kros A, Witzigmann D, Campbell F. Anionic Lipid Nanoparticles Preferentially Deliver mRNA to the Hepatic Reticuloendothelial System. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201095. [PMID: 35218106 PMCID: PMC9461706 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the leading nonviral technologies for the delivery of exogenous RNA to target cells in vivo. As systemic delivery platforms, these technologies are exemplified by Onpattro, an approved LNP-based RNA interference therapy, administered intravenously and targeted to parenchymal liver cells. The discovery of systemically administered LNP technologies capable of preferential RNA delivery beyond hepatocytes has, however, proven more challenging. Here, preceded by comprehensive mechanistic understanding of in vivo nanoparticle biodistribution and bodily clearance, an LNP-based messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery platform is rationally designed to preferentially target the hepatic reticuloendothelial system (RES). Evaluated in embryonic zebrafish, validated in mice, and directly compared to LNP-mRNA systems based on the lipid composition of Onpattro, RES-targeted LNPs significantly enhance mRNA expression both globally within the liver and specifically within hepatic RES cell types. Hepatic RES targeting requires just a single lipid change within the formulation of Onpattro to switch LNP surface charge from neutral to anionic. This technology not only provides new opportunities to treat liver-specific and systemic diseases in which RES cell types play a key role but, more importantly, exemplifies that rational design of advanced RNA therapies must be preceded by a robust understanding of the dominant nano-biointeractions involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Pattipeiluhu
- Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
- BioNanoPatterning, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriela Arias-Alpizar
- Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Genc Basha
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Karen Y T Chan
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jeroen Bussmann
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas H Sharp
- BioNanoPatterning, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad-Amin Moradi
- Materials and Interface Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Nico Sommerdijk
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Edward N Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Pieter R Cullis
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- NanoVation Therapeutics Inc., 2405 Wesbrook Mall 4th Floor, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Alexander Kros
- Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Dominik Witzigmann
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- NanoVation Therapeutics Inc., 2405 Wesbrook Mall 4th Floor, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Frederick Campbell
- Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
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7
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Wilson MH, Ekker SC, Farber SA. Imaging cytoplasmic lipid droplets in vivo with fluorescent perilipin 2 and perilipin 3 knock-in zebrafish. eLife 2021; 10:e66393. [PMID: 34387191 PMCID: PMC8460263 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic lipid droplets are highly dynamic storage organelles that are critical for cellular lipid homeostasis. While the molecular details of lipid droplet dynamics are a very active area of investigation, this work has been primarily performed in cultured cells. Taking advantage of the powerful transgenic and in vivo imaging opportunities available in zebrafish, we built a suite of tools to study lipid droplets in real time from the subcellular to the whole organism level. Fluorescently tagging the lipid droplet-associated proteins, perilipin 2 and perilipin 3, in the endogenous loci permits visualization of lipid droplets in the intestine, liver, and adipose tissue. Using these tools, we found that perilipin 3 is rapidly loaded on intestinal lipid droplets following a high-fat meal and later replaced by perilipin 2. These powerful new tools will facilitate studies on the role of lipid droplets in different tissues, under different genetic and physiological manipulations, and in a variety of human disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith H Wilson
- Carnegie Institution for Science Department of EmbryologyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Stephen C Ekker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo ClinicRochesterUnited States
| | - Steven A Farber
- Carnegie Institution for Science Department of EmbryologyBaltimoreUnited States
- Johns Hopkins University Department of BiologyBaltimoreUnited States
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8
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Templehof H, Moshe N, Avraham-Davidi I, Yaniv K. Zebrafish mutants provide insights into Apolipoprotein B functions during embryonic development and pathological conditions. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e130399. [PMID: 34236046 PMCID: PMC8410079 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is the primary protein of chylomicrons, VLDLs, and LDLs and is essential for their production. Defects in ApoB synthesis and secretion result in several human diseases, including abetalipoproteinemia and familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL1). In addition, ApoB-related dyslipidemia is linked to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a silent pandemic affecting billions globally. Due to the crucial role of APOB in supplying nutrients to the developing embryo, ApoB deletion in mammals is embryonic lethal. Thus, a clear understanding of the roles of this protein during development is lacking. Here, we established zebrafish mutants for 2 apoB genes: apoBa and apoBb.1. Double-mutant embryos displayed hepatic steatosis, a common hallmark of FHBL1 and NAFLD, as well as abnormal liver laterality, decreased numbers of goblet cells in the gut, and impaired angiogenesis. We further used these mutants to identify the domains within ApoB responsible for its functions. By assessing the ability of different truncated forms of human APOB to rescue the mutant phenotypes, we demonstrate the benefits of this model for prospective therapeutic screens. Overall, these zebrafish models uncover what are likely previously undescribed functions of ApoB in organ development and morphogenesis and shed light on the mechanisms underlying hypolipidemia-related diseases.
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9
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Korzh S, Winata CL, Gong Z, Korzh V. The development of zebrafish pancreas affected by deficiency of Hedgehog signaling. Gene Expr Patterns 2021; 41:119185. [PMID: 34087472 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2021.119185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The pancreas development depends on complex regulation of several signaling pathways, including the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling via a receptor complex component, Smoothened, which deficiency blocks the Hh signaling. Such a defect in birds and mammals results in an annular pancreas. We showed that in developing zebrafish, the mutation of Smoothened or inhibition of Hh signaling by its antagonist cyclopamine caused developmental defects of internal organs, liver, pancreas, and gut. In particular, the pancreatic primordium was duplicated. The two exocrine pancreatic primordia surround the gut. This phenomenon correlates with a significant reduction of the gut's diameter, causing the annular pancreas phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Korzh
- -Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cecilia L Winata
- -International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- -Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Vladimir Korzh
- -International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Poland; -Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore.
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10
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Anderson RA, Schwalbach KT, Mui SR, LeClair EE, Topczewska JM, Topczewski J. Zebrafish models of skeletal dysplasia induced by cholesterol biosynthesis deficiency. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm042549. [PMID: 32430393 PMCID: PMC7328163 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.042549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human disorders of the post-squalene cholesterol biosynthesis pathway frequently result in skeletal abnormalities, yet our understanding of the mechanisms involved is limited. In a forward-genetic approach, we have found that a late-onset skeletal mutant, named kolibernu7 , is the result of a cis-acting regulatory mutation leading to loss of methylsterol monooxygenase 1 (msmo1) expression within pre-hypertrophic chondrocytes. Generated msmo1nu81 knockdown mutation resulted in lethality at larval stage. We demonstrated that this is a result of both cholesterol deprivation and sterol intermediate accumulation by creating a mutation eliminating activity of Lanosterol synthase (Lss). Our results indicate that double lssnu60;msmo1nu81 and single lssnu60 mutants survive significantly longer than msmo1nu81 homozygotes. Liver-specific restoration of either Msmo1 or Lss in corresponding mutant backgrounds suppresses larval lethality. Rescued mutants develop dramatic skeletal abnormalities, with a loss of Msmo1 activity resulting in a more-severe patterning defect of a near-complete loss of hypertrophic chondrocytes marked by col10a1a expression. Our analysis suggests that hypertrophic chondrocytes depend on endogenous cholesterol synthesis, and blocking C4 demethylation exacerbates the cholesterol deficiency phenotype. Our findings offer new insight into the genetic control of bone development and provide new zebrafish models for human disorders of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kevin T Schwalbach
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Stephanie R Mui
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Elizabeth E LeClair
- Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - Jolanta M Topczewska
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jacek Topczewski
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-093, Poland
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11
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Qiu Y, Sun S, Yu X, Zhou J, Cai W, Qian L. Carboxyl ester lipase is highly conserved in utilizing maternal supplied lipids during early development of zebrafish and human. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158663. [PMID: 32061751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Carboxyl ester lipase (Cel), is a lipolytic enzyme secreted by the pancreas, which hydrolyzes various species of lipids in the gut. Cel is also secreted by mammary gland during lactation and exists in breast milk. It facilitates dietary fat digestion and absorption, thus contributing to normal infant development. This study aimed to examine whether the Cel in zebrafish embryos has a similar role of maternal lipid utilization as in human infants, and how Cel contributes to the utilization of yolk lipids in zebrafish. The cel1 and cel2 genes were expressed ubiquitously in the blastodisc and yolk syncytial layer before 24 hpf, and in the exocrine pancreas after 72 hpf. The cel1 and cel2 morphants exhibited developmental retardation and yolk sac retention. The total cholesterol, cholesterol ester, free cholesterol, and triglyceride were reduced in the morphants' body while accumulated in the yolk (except triglyceride). The FFA content of whole embryos was much lower in morphants than in standard controls. Moreover, the delayed development in cel (cel1/cel2) double morphants was partially rescued by FFA and cholesterol supplementation. Delayed and weakened cholesterol ester transport to the brain and eyes was observed in cel morphants. Correspondingly, shrunken midbrain tectum, microphthalmia, pigmentation-delayed eyes as well as down-regulated Shh target genes were observed in the CNS of double morphants. Interestingly, cholesterol injections reversed these CNS alterations. Our findings suggested that cel genes participate in the lipid releasing from yolk sac to developing body, thereby contributing to the normal growth rate and CNS development in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Qiu
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuna Sun
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Xianxian Yu
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiefei Zhou
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Linxi Qian
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
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12
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Xin M, Vechtova P, Shaliutina-Kolesova A, Fussy Z, Loginov D, Dzyuba B, Linhart O, Boryshpolets S, Rodina M, Li P, Loginova Y, Sterba J. Transferrin Identification in Sterlet ( Acipenser ruthenus) Reproductive System. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9100753. [PMID: 31575042 PMCID: PMC6826671 DOI: 10.3390/ani9100753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transferrins are a superfamily of iron-binding proteins and are recognized as multifunctional proteins. In the present study, transcriptomic and proteomic methods were used to identify transferrins in the reproductive organs and sperm of out-of-spawning and spermiating sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) males. The results showed that seven transferrin transcripts were identified in the transcriptome of sterlet, and these transcripts were qualified as two different transferrin genes, serotransferrin and melanotransferrin, with several isoforms present for serotransferrin. The relative abundance of serotransferrin isoforms was higher in the kidneys and Wolffian ducts in the spermiating males compared to out-of-spawning males. In addition, transferrin was immunodetected in sterlet seminal plasma, but not in sterlet spermatozoa extract. Mass spectrometry identification of transferrin in seminal plasma but not in spermatozoa corroborates immunodetection. The identification of transferrin in the reproductive organs and seminal plasma of sterlet in this study provides the potential function of transferrin during sturgeon male reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Xin
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
- Sino-Czech Joint Laboratory of Fish Conservation and Biotechnology: Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
| | - Pavlina Vechtova
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
- Biology Centre of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Parasitology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Anna Shaliutina-Kolesova
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Zoltan Fussy
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Dmitry Loginov
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
- Biology Centre of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Parasitology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Borys Dzyuba
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Otomar Linhart
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Serhii Boryshpolets
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Marek Rodina
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Ping Li
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai 264209, Shandong, China.
| | - Yana Loginova
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Sterba
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
- Biology Centre of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Parasitology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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13
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Zou Q, Gang K, Yang Q, Liu X, Tang X, Lu H, He J, Luo L. The CCCH-type zinc finger transcription factor Zc3h8 represses NF-κB-mediated inflammation in digestive organs in zebrafish. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:11971-11983. [PMID: 29871925 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.802975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Degenerative diseases of organs lead to their impaired function. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying organ degeneration are therefore of great research and clinical interest but are currently incompletely characterized. Here, using a forward-genetic screen for genes regulating liver development and function in zebrafish, we identified a cq5 mutant that exhibited a liver-degeneration phenotype at 5 days postfertilization, the developmental stage at which a functional liver develops. Positional cloning revealed that the liver degeneration was caused by a single point mutation in the gene zc3h8 (zinc finger CCCH-type containing 8), changing a highly conserved histidine to glutamine at position 353 of the Zc3h8 protein. The zc3h8 mutation-induced liver degeneration in the mutant was accompanied by reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis, and macrophage phagocytosis of hepatocytes. Transcriptional profile analyses revealed up-regulation and activation of both proinflammatory cytokines and the NF-κB signaling pathway in the zc3h8 mutant. Suppression of NF-κB signaling activity efficiently rescued the proinflammatory cytokine response, as well as the inflammation-mediated liver degeneration phenotype of the mutant. Of note, the zc3h8 mutation-induced degeneration of several other organs, including the gut and exocrine pancreas, indicating that Zc3h8 is a general repressor of inflammation in zebrafish. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that Zc3h8 maintains organ homeostasis by inhibiting the NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response in zebrafish and that Zc3h8 dysfunction causes degeneration of multiple organs, including the liver, gut, and pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingliang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China; Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Gang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China; Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Qifen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China; Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China; Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China; Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China; Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Jianbo He
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China; Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China; Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China.
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14
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Tay SS, Kuah MK, Shu-Chien AC. Transcriptional activation of zebrafish fads2 promoter and its transient transgene expression in yolk syncytial layer of zebrafish embryos. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3874. [PMID: 29497119 PMCID: PMC5832746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22157-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The front-end desaturases (Fads) are rate-limiting enzymes responsible for production of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). The full spectrum of the transcriptional regulation of fads is still incomplete, as cloning of fads promoter is limited to a few species. Here, we described the cloning and characterisation of the zebrafish fads2 promoter. Using 5'-deletion and mutation analysis on this promoter, we identified a specific region containing the sterol regulatory element (SRE) which is responsible for the activation of the fads2 promoter. In tandem, two conserved CCAAT boxes were also present adjacent to the SRE and mutation of either of these binding sites attenuates the transcriptional activation of the fads2 promoter. An in vivo analysis employing GFP reporter gene in transiently transfected zebrafish embryos showed that this 1754 bp upstream region of the fads2 gene specifically directs GFP expression in the yolk syncytial layer (YSL) region. This indicates a role for LC-PUFA in the transport of yolk lipids through this tissue layer. In conclusion, besides identifying novel core elements for transcriptional activation in zebrafish fads2 promoter, we also reveal a potential role for fads2 or LC-PUFA in YSL during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Shen Tay
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Meng-Kiat Kuah
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Block B No. 10, Persiaran Bukit Jambul, 11900, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Alexander Chong Shu-Chien
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia. .,Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Block B No. 10, Persiaran Bukit Jambul, 11900, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia.
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15
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Bourassa D, Gleber SC, Vogt S, Shin CH, Fahrni CJ. MicroXRF tomographic visualization of zinc and iron in the zebrafish embryo at the onset of the hatching period. Metallomics 2017; 8:1122-1130. [PMID: 27531414 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00073h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transition metals such as zinc, copper, and iron play key roles in cellular proliferation, cell differentiation, growth, and development. Over the past decade, advances in synchrotron X-ray fluorescence instrumentation presented new opportunities for the three-dimensional mapping of trace metal distributions within intact specimens. Taking advantage of microXRF tomography, we visualized the 3D distribution of zinc and iron in a zebrafish embryo at the onset of the hatching period. The reconstructed volumetric data revealed distinct differences in the elemental distributions, with zinc predominantly localized to the yolk and yolk extension, and iron to various regions of the brain as well as the myotome extending along the dorsal side of the embryo. The data set complements an earlier tomographic study of an embryo at the pharyngula stage (24 hpf), thus offering new insights into the trace metal distribution at key stages of embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Bourassa
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Sophie-Charlotte Gleber
- Advanced Photon Source, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Stefan Vogt
- Advanced Photon Source, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Chong Hyun Shin
- School of Biological Sciences and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Christoph J Fahrni
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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16
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Li Y, Song X, Yi X, Wang R, Lee SMY, Wang X, Zheng Y. Zebrafish: A Visual Model To Evaluate the Biofate of Transferrin Receptor-Targeted 7Peptide-Decorated Coumarin 6 Micelles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:39048-39058. [PMID: 29039926 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the zebrafish was explored as an in vivo model to assess the biofate of transferrin receptor (TfR)-targeted coumarin 6 (C6) micelles across various biological barriers. Three 7peptide (7pep)-decorated poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) micelles loaded with fluorescence coumarin 6 (7pep-M-C6) with different ligand densities were constructed with particle sizes between 30 and 40 nm. Whole-mount immunostaining revealed that the expression level of TfR in the retina, brain, and intestine increased along with development stage. Compared to unmodified micelles, 7pep-M-C6 demonstrated higher uptake efficiency in the larval zebrafish. Preinhibition of TfR with 7pep implicated the TfR-mediated endocytosis pathway in the uptake of 7pep-M-C6. Confocal images of the larval zebrafish eye and brain showed the efficient delivery of C6 across the retinal pigment epithelial to the ganglion cell layer and the significant accumulation of C6 in all brain tissues, respectively, which plateaued when the ligand density was 10%. To investigate the intestinal distribution of C6, micelles were administered to adult zebrafish via gavaging. Notably, 7pep-M-C6 enhanced the transport of C6 across the villi and increased its aggregation into the basolateral membrane of the intestine. After the oral administration of 7pep-M-C6, C6 accumulated in the eye and brain. Förster resonance energy transfer analysis suggested that intact 7pep-modified micelles could enter the epithelial cells of the intestine, brain, and eye after oral administration in adult zebrafish. In conclusion, zebrafish could be used as a model for in vivo visual assessment of the biofate of TfR-targeted drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macau, China
| | - Xiaoning Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiang Yi
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macau, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macau, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macau, China
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17
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Innovative Disease Model: Zebrafish as an In Vivo Platform for Intestinal Disorder and Tumors. Biomedicines 2017; 5:biomedicines5040058. [PMID: 28961226 PMCID: PMC5744082 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5040058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the world’s most common cancers and is the second leading cause of cancer deaths, causing more than 50,000 estimated deaths each year. Several risk factors are highly associated with CRC, including being overweight, eating a diet high in red meat and over-processed meat, having a history of inflammatory bowel disease, and smoking. Previous zebrafish studies have demonstrated that multiple oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes can be regulated through genetic or epigenetic alterations. Zebrafish research has also revealed that the activation of carcinogenesis-associated signal pathways plays an important role in CRC. The biology of cancer, intestinal disorders caused by carcinogens, and the morphological patterns of tumors have been found to be highly similar between zebrafish and humans. Therefore, the zebrafish has become an important animal model for translational medical research. Several zebrafish models have been developed to elucidate the characteristics of gastrointestinal diseases. This review article focuses on zebrafish models that have been used to study human intestinal disorders and tumors, including models involving mutant and transgenic fish. We also report on xenograft models and chemically-induced enterocolitis. This review demonstrates that excellent zebrafish models can provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases and help facilitate the evaluation of novel anti-tumor drugs.
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18
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Venkatachalam AB, Parmar MB, Wright JM. Evolution of the duplicated intracellular lipid-binding protein genes of teleost fishes. Mol Genet Genomics 2017; 292:699-727. [PMID: 28389698 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-017-1313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increasing organismal complexity during the evolution of life has been attributed to the duplication of genes and entire genomes. More recently, theoretical models have been proposed that postulate the fate of duplicated genes, among them the duplication-degeneration-complementation (DDC) model. In the DDC model, the common fate of a duplicated gene is lost from the genome owing to nonfunctionalization. Duplicated genes are retained in the genome either by subfunctionalization, where the functions of the ancestral gene are sub-divided between the sister duplicate genes, or by neofunctionalization, where one of the duplicate genes acquires a new function. Both processes occur either by loss or gain of regulatory elements in the promoters of duplicated genes. Here, we review the genomic organization, evolution, and transcriptional regulation of the multigene family of intracellular lipid-binding protein (iLBP) genes from teleost fishes. Teleost fishes possess many copies of iLBP genes owing to a whole genome duplication (WGD) early in the teleost fish radiation. Moreover, the retention of duplicated iLBP genes is substantially higher than the retention of all other genes duplicated in the teleost genome. The fatty acid-binding protein genes, a subfamily of the iLBP multigene family in zebrafish, are differentially regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) isoforms, which may account for the retention of iLBP genes in the zebrafish genome by the process of subfunctionalization of cis-acting regulatory elements in iLBP gene promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda B Venkatachalam
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, PO BOX 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Manoj B Parmar
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, PO BOX 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Wright
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, PO BOX 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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19
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Wang S, Miller SR, Ober EA, Sadler KC. Making It New Again: Insight Into Liver Development, Regeneration, and Disease From Zebrafish Research. Curr Top Dev Biol 2017; 124:161-195. [PMID: 28335859 PMCID: PMC6450094 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The adult liver of most vertebrates is predominantly comprised of hepatocytes. However, these cells must work in concert with biliary, stellate, vascular, and immune cells to accomplish the vast array of hepatic functions required for physiological homeostasis. Our understanding of liver development was accelerated as zebrafish emerged as an ideal vertebrate system to study embryogenesis. Through work in zebrafish and other models, it is now clear that the cells in the liver develop in a coordinated fashion during embryogenesis through a complex yet incompletely understood set of molecular guidelines. Zebrafish research has uncovered many key players that govern the acquisition of hepatic potential, cell fate, and plasticity. Although rare, some hepatobiliary diseases-especially biliary atresia-are caused by developmental defects; we discuss how research using zebrafish to study liver development has informed our understanding of and approaches to liver disease. The liver can be injured in response to an array of stressors including viral, mechanical/surgical, toxin-induced, immune-mediated, or inborn defects in metabolism. The liver has thus evolved the capacity to efficiently repair and regenerate. We discuss the emerging field of using zebrafish to study liver regeneration and highlight recent advances where zebrafish genetics and imaging approaches have provided novel insights into how cell plasticity contributes to liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sophie R Miller
- Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Elke A Ober
- Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kirsten C Sadler
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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20
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Abstract
Zebrafish are an excellent model for the study of intestinal immunity. The availability of several transgenic reporter fish for different innate and adaptive immune cells and the high homology in terms of gut function and morphology enables in depth analysis of the process of intestinal inflammation. Here, we describe a method to induce intestinal inflammation by intra-rectal injection of the hapten oxazolone in adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Brugman
- Animal Sciences Group, Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, 6708, WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Edward E S Nieuwenhuis
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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21
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Landgraf K, Strobach A, Kiess W, Körner A. Loss of mtch2 function impairs early development of liver, intestine and visceral adipocytes in zebrafish larvae. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:2852-61. [PMID: 27468124 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial carrier homologue 2 (MTCH2) has been shown to be essential for embryogenesis in mice, and variants in the MTCH2 locus have been linked to obesity in humans. Here, we investigated the importance of mtch2 for embryogenesis and adipocyte formation in zebrafish in vivo. We show that mtch2 is conserved in zebrafish and broadly expressed during embryogenesis. Knock-down of mtch2 results in impaired development of liver and intestine, and is associated with a reduced number of adipocytes and impaired postembryonic growth. The findings indicate an essential role for mtch2 during organ development and adipogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Landgraf
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Germany.,Medical Center AdiposityDiseases (IFB), University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ariane Strobach
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Germany.,Medical Center AdiposityDiseases (IFB), University of Leipzig, Germany
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22
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Nissim S, Weeks O, Talbot JC, Hedgepeth JW, Wucherpfennig J, Schatzman-Bone S, Swinburne I, Cortes M, Alexa K, Megason S, North TE, Amacher SL, Goessling W. Iterative use of nuclear receptor Nr5a2 regulates multiple stages of liver and pancreas development. Dev Biol 2016; 418:108-123. [PMID: 27474396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The stepwise progression of common endoderm progenitors into differentiated liver and pancreas organs is regulated by a dynamic array of signals that are not well understood. The nuclear receptor subfamily 5, group A, member 2 gene nr5a2, also known as Liver receptor homolog-1 (Lrh-1) is expressed in several tissues including the developing liver and pancreas. Here, we interrogate the role of Nr5a2 at multiple developmental stages using genetic and chemical approaches and uncover novel pleiotropic requirements during zebrafish liver and pancreas development. Zygotic loss of nr5a2 in a targeted genetic null mutant disrupted the development of the exocrine pancreas and liver, while leaving the endocrine pancreas intact. Loss of nr5a2 abrogated exocrine pancreas markers such as trypsin, while pancreas progenitors marked by ptf1a or pdx1 remained unaffected, suggesting a role for Nr5a2 in regulating pancreatic acinar cell differentiation. In the developing liver, Nr5a2 regulates hepatic progenitor outgrowth and differentiation, as nr5a2 mutants exhibited reduced hepatoblast markers hnf4α and prox1 as well as differentiated hepatocyte marker fabp10a. Through the first in vivo use of Nr5a2 chemical antagonist Cpd3, the iterative requirement for Nr5a2 for exocrine pancreas and liver differentiation was temporally elucidated: chemical inhibition of Nr5a2 function during hepatopancreas progenitor specification was sufficient to disrupt exocrine pancreas formation and enhance the size of the embryonic liver, suggesting that Nr5a2 regulates hepatic vs. pancreatic progenitor fate choice. Chemical inhibition of Nr5a2 at a later time during pancreas and liver differentiation was sufficient to block the formation of mature acinar cells and hepatocytes. These findings define critical iterative and pleiotropic roles for Nr5a2 at distinct stages of pancreas and liver organogenesis, and provide novel perspectives for interpreting the role of Nr5a2 in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Nissim
- Gastroenterology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Olivia Weeks
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jared C Talbot
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John W Hedgepeth
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julia Wucherpfennig
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Ian Swinburne
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mauricio Cortes
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kristen Alexa
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sean Megason
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Sharon L Amacher
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Gastroenterology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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23
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Abstract
The endoderm is the innermost embryonic germ layer, and in zebrafish, it gives rise to the lining of the gut, the gills, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and derivatives of the pharyngeal pouch. These organs form the gastrointestinal tract and are involved with the absorption, delivery, and metabolism of nutrients. The liver has a central role in regulating these processes because it controls carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, protein synthesis, and breakdown of endogenous and xenobiotic products. Liver dysfunction frequently leads to significant morbidity and mortality; however, in most settings of organ injury, the liver exhibits remarkable regenerative capacity. In this chapter, we review the principal mechanisms of endoderm and liver formation and provide protocols to assess liver formation and liver regeneration.
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24
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Verstraelen S, Peers B, Maho W, Hollanders K, Remy S, Berckmans P, Covaci A, Witters H. Phenotypic and biomarker evaluation of zebrafish larvae as an alternative model to predict mammalian hepatotoxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:1194-206. [PMID: 26946349 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish phenotypic assays have shown promise to assess human hepatotoxicity, though scoring of liver morphology remains subjective and difficult to standardize. Liver toxicity in zebrafish larvae at 5 days was assessed using gene expression as the biomarker approach, complementary to phenotypic analysis and analytical data on compound uptake. This approach aimed to contribute to improved hepatotoxicity prediction, with the goal of identifying biomarker(s) as a step towards the development of transgenic models for prioritization. Morphological effects of hepatotoxic compounds (acetaminophen, amiodarone, coumarin, methapyrilene and myclobutanil) and saccharin as the negative control were assessed after exposure in zebrafish larvae. The hepatotoxic compounds induced the expected zebrafish liver degeneration or changes in size, whereas saccharin did not have any phenotypic adverse effect. Analytical methods based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were optimized to measure stability of selected compounds in exposure medium and internal concentration in larvae. All compounds were stable, except amiodarone for which precipitation was observed. There was a wide variation between the levels of compound in the zebrafish larvae with a higher uptake of amiodarone, methapyrilene and myclobutanil. Detection of hepatocyte markers (CP, CYP3A65, GC and TF) was accomplished by in situ hybridization of larvae to coumarin and myclobutanil and confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Experiments showed decreased expression of all markers. Next, other liver-specific biomarkers (i.e. FABP10a and NR1H4) and apoptosis (i.e. CASP-3 A and TP53) or cytochrome P450-related (CYP2K19) and oxidoreductase activity-related (ZGC163022) genes, were screened. Links between basic mechanisms of liver injury and results of biomarker responses are described. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Verstraelen
- VITO NV, Applied Bio & Molecular Systems, Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Bernard Peers
- GIGA-R, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hopital 1, B34, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Walid Maho
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Karen Hollanders
- VITO NV, Applied Bio & Molecular Systems, Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Remy
- VITO NV, Applied Bio & Molecular Systems, Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium.,Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Pascale Berckmans
- VITO NV, Applied Bio & Molecular Systems, Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Hilda Witters
- VITO NV, Applied Bio & Molecular Systems, Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
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25
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Patil P, Uechi T, Kenmochi N. Incomplete splicing of neutrophil-specific genes affects neutrophil development in a zebrafish model of poikiloderma with neutropenia. RNA Biol 2016; 12:426-34. [PMID: 25849198 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2015.1017240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Poikiloderma with neutropenia (PN) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by poikiloderma, facial dysmorphism, pachyonychia, short stature and neutropenia. The molecular testing of PN patients has identified mutations in the C16orf57 gene, which encodes a protein referred to as USB1 (U Six Biogenesis 1). In this study, we developed a zebrafish model of PN by the microinjection of morpholino antisense oligos to suppress usb1 gene function. Severe morphological defects, including a bent tail, thin yolk extension and reduced body length, were predominant in the Usb1-suppressed embryos (morphants). We also observed significantly decreased number of neutrophils in the morphants by Sudan Black staining. Interestingly, the splicing of genes involved in neutrophil differentiation and development, such as mpx, ncf1, ela3l and npsn, was aberrant in the morphants. However, the splicing of haematopoietic precursors and erythroid-specific genes was unaltered. Importantly, the neutrophil defects were almost completely rescued by co-injection of ela3l mRNA, the most markedly affected gene in the morphants. Our study demonstrated a possible role of USB1 in modulating the tissue-specific gene splicing that eventually leads to the impaired development of neutrophils. This zebrafish model could serve as a valuable tool to investigate the causative role of USB1 in PN pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Patil
- a Frontier Science Research Center; University of Miyazaki; Miyazaki , Japan
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26
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Mesquita SR, van Drooge BL, Oliveira E, Grimalt JO, Barata C, Vieira N, Guimarães L, Piña B. Differential embryotoxicity of the organic pollutants in rural and urban air particles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 206:535-542. [PMID: 26298234 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Airborne particulate matter (PM) is a recognized risk factor for human populations. Here we assessed the toxic potential of the organic constituents from PM collected in urban and rural sites during warm and cold periods of 2012/2013, and fractionated into 6 size fractions. The finest PM fraction (<0.5 μm) showed the highest biological activity (dioxin-like activity and fish embryotoxicity) in all samples, and the maximal activity was observed in rural samples from the cold period. Zebrafish embryo transcriptome analysis showed a strong induction of the AhR signaling pathway correlated to PAH concentrations. Oxidative stress-related genes and pancreatic and eye-lens gene markers appeared de-regulated in embryos exposed to urban extracts, whereas exposure to rural extracts affected genes implicated in basic cellular functions. The observed effects can be directly related to air pollution-related human disorders, suggesting different potential adverse outcomes for human populations exposed to air pollution from specific sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia R Mesquita
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Barcelona, Spain; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Eva Oliveira
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan O Grimalt
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Barata
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natividade Vieira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Guimarães
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Benjamin Piña
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Barcelona, Spain.
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27
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Bourassa D, Gleber SC, Vogt S, Yi H, Will F, Richter H, Shin CH, Fahrni CJ. 3D imaging of transition metals in the zebrafish embryo by X-ray fluorescence microtomography. Metallomics 2015; 6:1648-55. [PMID: 24992831 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00121d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SXRF) microtomography has emerged as a powerful technique for the 3D visualization of the elemental distribution in biological samples. The mechanical stability, both of the instrument and the specimen, is paramount when acquiring tomographic projection series. By combining the progressive lowering of temperature method (PLT) with femtosecond laser sectioning, we were able to embed, excise, and preserve a zebrafish embryo at 24 hours post fertilization in an X-ray compatible, transparent resin for tomographic elemental imaging. Based on a data set comprised of 60 projections, acquired with a step size of 2 μm during 100 hours of beam time, we reconstructed the 3D distribution of zinc, iron, and copper using the iterative maximum likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM) reconstruction algorithm. The volumetric elemental maps, which entail over 124 million individual voxels for each transition metal, revealed distinct elemental distributions that could be correlated with characteristic anatomical features at this stage of embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Bourassa
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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28
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Ding Z, Zhao X, Su L, Zhou F, Chen N, Wu J, Fu X, Wu F, Wang W, Liu H. The Megalobrama amblycephala transferrin and transferrin receptor genes: molecular cloning, characterization and expression during early development and after Aeromonas hydrophila infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 49:290-297. [PMID: 25530094 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Both transferrin (TF) and transferrin receptor (TFR) play vital roles in iron homeostasis, which is essential for cellular growth and survival. Besides, TF and TFR are also reported to be involved in immune response against bacterial infection. In the present study, we cloned and characterized the Tf and TfR genes in Megalobrama amblycephala. The M. amblycephala Tf gene contained 17 exons and 16 introns, encoding 651 amino acids, while the M. amblycephala TfR gene contained 18 exons and 17 introns, encoding 768 amino acids. In healthy fish, Tf mRNA was most abundant in the liver, and TfR was highly expressed in the blood and brain. During early development, the expression of Tf increased from 12 hpf (hour post fertilization) to 26 hpf, followed by a diminution at 32 hpf, then increased significantly to the peak level at 2 dph (day post hatching). The expression pattern of TfR was similar to that of Tf, fluctuating from 0 hpf to 32 hpf and dramatically increasing to the peak at 2 dph. Additionally, both Tf and TfR genes responded to Aeromonas hydrophila infection, by increasing their expression in the liver, spleen and kidney at both mRNA and protein levels, indicating that they were involved in M. amblycephala immune response. Immunohistochemical analysis and Prussian blue staining verified the internalization of TF-receptor system with bound-iron in the liver of M. amblycephala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujin Ding
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoheng Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lina Su
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fengjuan Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Nan Chen
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Junjie Wu
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoqin Fu
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fan Wu
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.
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29
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Kalasekar SM, Zacharia E, Kessler N, Ducharme NA, Gustafsson JÅ, Kakadiaris IA, Bondesson M. Identification of environmental chemicals that induce yolk malabsorption in zebrafish using automated image segmentation. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 55:20-9. [PMID: 25462786 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Environmental factors affecting nutrient availability during development can cause predisposition to diseases later in life. To identify chemicals in the environment capable of altering nutrient mobilization, we analyzed yolk malabsorption in the zebrafish embryo, which relies on maternally-derived yolk for nutrition during its first week of life. Embryos of the transgenic zebrafish line HGn50D, which fluoresce in the yolk syncytial layer, were exposed from two to five days post fertilization to different chemicals. We developed a software package to automatically and accurately segment and quantify the area of the fluorescing yolk in images captured at the end of the treatment period. Based on this quantification, we found that prochloraz decreased yolk absorption, while butralin, tetrabromobisphenol A, tetrachlorobisphenol A and tributyltin increased yolk absorption. Given the number and variety of industrial chemicals in commerce today, development of automated image processing to perform high-speed quantitative analysis of biological effects is an important step for enabling high throughput screening to identify chemicals altering nutrient absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanya Maanasi Kalasekar
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Eleni Zacharia
- Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Noah Kessler
- Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Nicole A Ducharme
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Maria Bondesson
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
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30
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Terashima AV, Mudumana SP, Drummond IA. Odd skipped related 1 is a negative feedback regulator of nodal-induced endoderm development. Dev Dyn 2014; 243:1571-80. [PMID: 25233796 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early embryo patterning is orchestrated by tightly regulated morphogen gradients. The Nodal morphogen patterns the mesendoderm, giving rise to all endoderm and head and trunk mesoderm. High Nodal concentrations favor endoderm differentiation while lower promote mesoderm differentiation. Nodal signaling is controlled by both positive and negative feedback regulation to ensure robust developmental patterning. RESULTS Here we identify odd skipped related 1 (osr1), a zinc finger transcription factor, as a new element in Nodal feedback regulation affecting endoderm development. We show that osr1 expression in zebrafish germ ring mesendoderm requires Nodal signaling; osr1 expression was lost in embryos lacking Nodal signaling. Conversely, osr1 expression was ectopically induced by the activation of Nodal signaling. Furthermore we demonstrate that osr1 responds directly to Nodal signaling. Additionally, osr1 knockdown generated excess endoderm cells marked by sox32 expression while expression of osr1 mRNA was not affected in sox32-deficient embryos. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identify osr1 as a Nodal-induced, negative feedback regulator of Nodal signaling that acts at the earliest stages of endoderm differentiation to limit the number of endoderm progenitors. As such, we propose that osr1 represents a novel network motif controlling the output of Nodal signaling to regulate mesendoderm patterning.
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31
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Miyares RL, de Rezende VB, Farber SA. Zebrafish yolk lipid processing: a tractable tool for the study of vertebrate lipid transport and metabolism. Dis Model Mech 2014; 7:915-27. [PMID: 24812437 PMCID: PMC4073280 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.015800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemias are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, particularly in developed nations. Investigating lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in experimentally tractable animal models is a crucial step towards understanding and treating human dyslipidemias. The zebrafish, a well-established embryological model, is emerging as a notable system for studies of lipid metabolism. Here, we describe the value of the lecithotrophic, or yolk-metabolizing, stages of the zebrafish as a model for studying lipid metabolism and lipoprotein transport. We demonstrate methods to assay yolk lipid metabolism in embryonic and larval zebrafish. Injection of labeled fatty acids into the zebrafish yolk promotes efficient uptake into the circulation and rapid metabolism. Using a genetic model for abetalipoproteinemia, we show that the uptake of labeled fatty acids into the circulation is dependent on lipoprotein production. Furthermore, we examine the metabolic fate of exogenously delivered fatty acids by assaying their incorporation into complex lipids. Moreover, we demonstrate that this technique is amenable to genetic and pharmacologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa L Miyares
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Vitor B de Rezende
- Department of Mental Health, School of Medicine of Federal University of Minas Gerais, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Steven A Farber
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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32
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Abstract
The liver performs a large number of essential synthetic and regulatory functions that are acquired during fetal development and persist throughout life. Their disruption underlies a diverse group of heritable and acquired diseases that affect both pediatric and adult patients. Although experimental analyses used to study liver development and disease are typically performed in cell culture models or rodents, the zebrafish is increasingly used to complement discoveries made in these systems. Forward and reverse genetic analyses over the past two decades have shown that the molecular program for liver development is largely conserved between zebrafish and mammals, and that the zebrafish can be used to model heritable human liver disorders. Recent work has demonstrated that zebrafish can also be used to study the mechanistic basis of acquired liver diseases. Here, we provide a comprehensive summary of how the zebrafish has contributed to our understanding of human liver development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Wilkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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33
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John LB, Trengove MC, Fraser FW, Yoong SH, Ward AC. Pegasus, the 'atypical' Ikaros family member, influences left-right asymmetry and regulates pitx2 expression. Dev Biol 2013; 377:46-54. [PMID: 23499657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Ikaros family of zinc-finger transcription factors have been shown to be critical for immune and blood cell development. However, the role of the most divergent family member, Pegasus, has remained elusive, although it shows conservation to invertebrate Hunchback proteins that influence embryonic patterning through regulation of homeodomain genes. Zebrafish was employed as a relevant model to investigate the function of Pegasus since it possesses a single pegasus orthologue with high homology to its mammalian counterparts. During zebrafish embryogenesis pegasus transcripts were initially maternally-derived and later replaced by zygotic expression in the diencephalon, tectum, hindbrain, thymus, eye, and ultimately the exocrine pancreas and intestine. Morpholino-mediated knockdown of the zebrafish pegasus gene resulted in disrupted left-right asymmetry of the gut and pancreas. Molecular analysis indicated that zebrafish Pegasus localised to the nucleus in discrete non-nucleolar structures and bound the 'atypical' DNA sequence GN3GN2G, confirming its presumed role as a transcriptional regulator. In vivo transcriptome analysis identified candidate target genes, several of which encoded homeodomain transcription factors. One of these, pitx2, implicated in left-right asymmetry, possessed appropriate 'atypical' Pegasus binding sites in its promoter. Knockdown of Pegasus affected both the level and asymmetry of pitx2 expression, as well as disrupting the asymmetry of the lefty2 and spaw genes, explaining the perturbed left-right patterning in pegasus morphants. Collectively these results provide the first definitive insights into the in vivo role of Pegasus, supporting the notion that it acts as a broader regulator of development, with potential parallels to the related invertebrate Hunchback proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza B John
- School of Medicine and Molecular & Medical Research Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
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34
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Cloning and expression characterization of the serum transferrin gene in the Chinese black sleeper (Bostrichthys sinensis). Gene 2013; 515:89-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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35
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Rosenbluh J, Nijhawan D, Cox AG, Li X, Neal JT, Schafer EJ, Zack TI, Wang X, Tsherniak A, Schinzel AC, Shao DD, Schumacher SE, Weir BA, Vazquez F, Cowley GS, Root DE, Mesirov JP, Beroukhim R, Kuo CJ, Goessling W, Hahn WC. β-Catenin-driven cancers require a YAP1 transcriptional complex for survival and tumorigenesis. Cell 2012; 151:1457-73. [PMID: 23245941 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 599] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Revised: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a key role in the pathogenesis of colon and other cancers; emerging evidence indicates that oncogenic β-catenin regulates several biological processes essential for cancer initiation and progression. To decipher the role of β-catenin in transformation, we classified β-catenin activity in 85 cancer cell lines in which we performed genome-scale loss-of-function screens and found that β-catenin active cancers are dependent on a signaling pathway involving the transcriptional regulator YAP1. Specifically, we found that YAP1 and the transcription factor TBX5 form a complex with β-catenin. Phosphorylation of YAP1 by the tyrosine kinase YES1 leads to localization of this complex to the promoters of antiapoptotic genes, including BCL2L1 and BIRC5. A small-molecule inhibitor of YES1 impeded the proliferation of β-catenin-dependent cancers in both cell lines and animal models. These observations define a β-catenin-YAP1-TBX5 complex essential to the transformation and survival of β-catenin-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Rosenbluh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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36
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Sun Y, Zhu Z, Wang R, Sun Y, Xu T. Miiuy croaker transferrin gene and evidence for positive selection events reveal different evolutionary patterns. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43936. [PMID: 22957037 PMCID: PMC3434209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Transferrin (TF) is a protein that plays a central role in iron metabolism. This protein is associated with the innate immune system, which is responsible for disease defense responses after bacterial infection. The clear link between TF and the immune defense mechanism has led researchers to consider TF as a candidate gene for disease resistance. In this study, the Miichthys miiuy (miiuy croaker) TF gene (MIMI-TF) was cloned and characterized. The gene structure consisted of a coding region of 2070 nucleotides divided into 17 exons, as well as a non-coding region that included 16 introns and spans 6757 nucleotides. The deduced MIMI-TF protein consisted of 689 amino acids that comprised a signal peptide and two lobes (N- and C-lobes). MIMI-TF expression was significantly up-regulated after infection with Vibrio anguillarum. A series of model tests implemented in the CODEML program showed that TF underwent a complex evolutionary process. Branch-site models revealed that vertebrate TF was vastly different from that of invertebrates, and that the TF of the ancestors of aquatic and terrestrial organisms underwent different selection pressures. The site models detected 10 positively selected sites in extant TF genes. One site was located in the cleft between the N1 and N2 domains and was expected to affect the capability of TF to bind to or release iron indirectly. In addition, eight sites were found near the TF exterior. Two of these sites, which could have evolved from the competition for iron between pathogenic bacteria and TF, were located in potential pathogen-binding domains. Our results could be used to further investigate the function of TF and the selective mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyan Sun
- Laboratory for Marine Living Resources and Molecular Engineering, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Zhihuang Zhu
- Laboratory for Marine Living Resources and Molecular Engineering, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Rixin Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Living Resources and Molecular Engineering, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yuena Sun
- Laboratory for Marine Living Resources and Molecular Engineering, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Tianjun Xu
- Laboratory for Marine Living Resources and Molecular Engineering, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
- * E-mail:
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37
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Artuso L, Romano A, Verri T, Domenichini A, Argenton F, Santorelli FM, Petruzzella V. Mitochondrial DNA metabolism in early development of zebrafish (Danio rerio). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1817:1002-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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38
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Hutchinson SA, Tooke-Locke E, Wang J, Tsai S, Katz T, Trede NS. Tbl3 regulates cell cycle length during zebrafish development. Dev Biol 2012; 368:261-72. [PMID: 22659140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of cell cycle rate is essential for the correct timing of proliferation and differentiation during development. Changes to cell cycle rate can have profound effects on the size, shape and cell types of a developing organ. We previously identified a zebrafish mutant ceylon (cey) that has a severe reduction in T cells and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Here we find that the cey phenotype is due to absence of the gene transducin (beta)-like 3 (tbl3). The tbl3 homolog in yeast regulates the cell cycle by maintaining rRNA levels and preventing p53-induced cell death. Zebrafish tbl3 is maternally expressed, but later in development its expression is restricted to specific tissues. Tissues expressing tbl3 are severely reduced in cey mutants, including HSPCs, the retina, exocrine pancreas, intestine, and jaw cartilage. Specification of these tissues is normal, suggesting the reduced size is due to a reduced number of differentiated cells. Tbl3 MO injection into either wild-type or p53-/- mutant embryos phenocopies cey, indicating that loss of tbl3 causes specific defects in cey. Progression of both hematopoietic and retinal development is delayed beginning at 3 day post fertilization due to a slowing of the cell cycle. In contrast to yeast, reduction of Tbl3 causes a slowing of the cell cycle without a corresponding increase in p53 induced cell death. These data suggest that tbl3 plays a tissue-specific role regulating cell cycle rate during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Hutchinson
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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39
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Zebrafish sox9b is crucial for hepatopancreatic duct development and pancreatic endocrine cell regeneration. Dev Biol 2012; 366:268-78. [PMID: 22537488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent zebrafish studies have shown that the late appearing pancreatic endocrine cells are derived from pancreatic ducts but the regulatory factors involved are still largely unknown. Here, we show that the zebrafish sox9b gene is expressed in pancreatic ducts where it labels the pancreatic Notch-responsive cells previously shown to be progenitors. Inactivation of sox9b disturbs duct formation and impairs regeneration of beta cells from these ducts in larvae. sox9b expression in the midtrunk endoderm appears at the junction of the hepatic and ventral pancreatic buds and, by the end of embryogenesis, labels the hepatopancreatic ductal system as well as the intrapancreatic and intrahepatic ducts. Ductal morphogenesis and differentiation are specifically disrupted in sox9b mutants, with the dysmorphic hepatopancreatic ducts containing misdifferentiated hepatocyte-like and pancreatic-like cells. We also show that maintenance of sox9b expression in the extrapancreatic and intrapancreatic ducts requires FGF and Notch activity, respectively, both pathways known to prevent excessive endocrine differentiation in these ducts. Furthermore, beta cell recovery after specific ablation is severely compromised in sox9b mutant larvae. Our data position sox9b as a key player in the generation of secondary endocrine cells deriving from pancreatic ducts in zebrafish.
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Oyarbide U, Rainieri S, Pardo MA. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae as a system to test the efficacy of polysaccharides as immunostimulants. Zebrafish 2012; 9:74-84. [PMID: 22489616 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2011.0724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to examine the use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a preliminary screening model for testing the effect of potential immunostimulant substances on the innate immune system. β-Glucan, a polysaccharide used widely as an immunostimulant, was used as a representative molecule and tested on zebrafish embryos and larvae. The efficacy of the molecule was evaluated by determining the differential expression of some selected genes related to the immune system by RT-qPCR. Larvae from 72 hours post fertilization were found at the optimal developmental stage for assessing the expression of the selected genes. To verify if the β-glucan entered the larvae and therefore was responsible for the effects produced, the molecule was labeled fluorescently to check its localization by using microscopy. For estimating the effects of β-glucan on gene expression, zebrafish embryos and larvae were immersed in three different concentrations of β-glucan (50, 100, and 150 μg/mL) using five different exposure times. A stronger gene induction was observed when longer times of exposure and older larvae were used. The most evident effects of β-glucan were the overexpression of the genes TNFα, MPO, TRF, and LYZ. Moreover, slight changes in MPO expression were detected using a transgenic line of zebrafish (MPO::GFP), and a temporal increase in resistance against Vibrio anguillarum was found after β-glucan immersion. The assay used in this study permits the testing potential of immunostimulants in a simple and cost-effective way.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Oyarbide
- Azti-Tecnalia, Food Research Division, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio-Bizkaia, Spain.
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Naye F, Voz ML, Detry N, Hammerschmidt M, Peers B, Manfroid I. Essential roles of zebrafish bmp2a, fgf10, and fgf24 in the specification of the ventral pancreas. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:945-54. [PMID: 22219376 PMCID: PMC3290651 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-08-0664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, pancreas and liver arise from bipotential progenitors located in the embryonic gut endoderm. Bone morphogenic protein (BMP) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways have been shown to induce hepatic specification while repressing pancreatic fate. Here we show that BMP and FGF factors also play crucial function, at slightly later stages, in the specification of the ventral pancreas. By analyzing the pancreatic markers pdx1, ptf1a, and hlxb9la in different zebrafish models of BMP loss of function, we demonstrate that the BMP pathway is required between 20 and 24 h postfertilization to specify the ventral pancreatic bud. Knockdown experiments show that bmp2a, expressed in the lateral plate mesoderm at these stages, is essential for ventral pancreas specification. Bmp2a action is not restricted to the pancreatic domain and is also required for the proper expression of hepatic markers. By contrast, through the analysis of fgf10(-/-); fgf24(-/-) embryos, we reveal the specific role of these two FGF ligands in the induction of the ventral pancreas and in the repression of the hepatic fate. These mutants display ventral pancreas agenesis and ectopic masses of hepatocytes. Overall, these data highlight the dynamic role of BMP and FGF in the patterning of the hepatopancreatic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Naye
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, B-4000 Sart-Tilman, Belgium, Germany
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Korzh S, Winata CL, Zheng W, Yang S, Yin A, Ingham P, Korzh V, Gong Z. The interaction of epithelial Ihha and mesenchymal Fgf10 in zebrafish esophageal and swimbladder development. Dev Biol 2011; 359:262-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Marshall KE, Tomasini AJ, Makky K, N Kumar S, Mayer AN. Dynamic Lkb1-TORC1 signaling as a possible mechanism for regulating the endoderm-intestine transition. Dev Dyn 2011; 239:3000-12. [PMID: 20925120 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium arises from undifferentiated endoderm via a developmental program known as the endoderm-intestine transition (EIT). Previously we found that the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) regulates intestinal growth and differentiation during the EIT in zebrafish. Here we address a possible role for the tumor-suppressor kinase Lkb1 in regulating TORC1 in this context. We find that TORC1 activity is transiently upregulated during the EIT in both zebrafish and mouse. Concomitantly, Lkb1 becomes transiently localized to the nucleus, suggesting that these two phenomena may be linked. Morpholino-mediated knockdown of lkb1 stimulated intestinal growth via upregulation of TORC1, and also induced precocious intestine-specific gene expression in the zebrafish gut epithelium. Knockdown of tsc2, which acts downstream of lkb1, likewise induced early expression of intestine-specific genes. These data suggest that programmed localization of Lkb1 could represent a novel mechanism for regulating the EIT during intestinal development in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Marshall
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
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Abstract
The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that gives rise to the lining of the gut, the gills, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and derivatives of the pharyngeal pouch. These organs form the gastrointestinal tract and are involved with the absorption, delivery, and metabolism of nutrients. The liver has a central role in regulating these processes because it controls lipid metabolism, protein synthesis, and breakdown of endogenous and xenobiotic products. Liver dysfunction frequently leads to significant morbidity and mortality; however, in most settings of organ injury, the liver exhibits remarkable regenerative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trista E North
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Rai K, Sarkar S, Broadbent TJ, Voas M, Grossmann KF, Nadauld LD, Dehghanizadeh S, Hagos FT, Li Y, Toth RK, Chidester S, Bahr TM, Johnson WE, Sklow B, Burt R, Cairns BR, Jones DA. DNA demethylase activity maintains intestinal cells in an undifferentiated state following loss of APC. Cell 2010; 142:930-42. [PMID: 20850014 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although genome-wide hypomethylation is a hallmark of many cancers, roles for active DNA demethylation during tumorigenesis are unknown. Here, loss of the APC tumor suppressor gene causes upregulation of a DNA demethylase system and the concomitant hypomethylation of key intestinal cell fating genes. Notably, this hypomethylation maintained zebrafish intestinal cells in an undifferentiated state that was released upon knockdown of demethylase components. Mechanistically, the demethylase genes are directly activated by Pou5f1 and Cebpβ and are indirectly repressed by retinoic acid, which antagonizes Pou5f1 and Cebpβ. Apc mutants lack retinoic acid as a result of the transcriptional repression of retinol dehydrogenase l1 via a complex that includes Lef1, Groucho2, Ctbp1, Lsd1, and Corest. Our findings imply a model wherein APC controls intestinal cell fating through a switch in DNA methylation dynamics. Wild-type APC and retinoic acid downregulate demethylase components, thereby promoting DNA methylation of key genes and helping progenitors commit to differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Rai
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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The yolk syncytial layer in early zebrafish development. Trends Cell Biol 2010; 20:586-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2010.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dietrich MA, Zmijewski D, Karol H, Hejmej A, Bilińska B, Jurecka P, Irnazarow I, Słowińska M, Hliwa P, Ciereszko A. Isolation and characterization of transferrin from common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) seminal plasma. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 29:66-74. [PMID: 20219684 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2010.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Transferrin (Tf) in fish is recognized as a component of non-specific humoral defense mechanisms against bacteria. It is a major protein of common carp seminal plasma but its structure and localization in carp testis is unknown. In this study we developed a simple and efficient three-step purification procedure consisting of affinity chromatography (Con A-Sepharose), hydrophobic interaction chromatography (Phenyl Sepharose) and gel filtration (Superdex 200). The molecular mass of Tf has been determined to be 73.6 kDa and isoelectric point 5.1. The peculiar characteristics of carp transferrin were the lack of carbohydrate component and binding of iron ions by only one functional iron-binding site. Western blot analysis revealed a strong similarity of carp seminal plasma Tf to carp blood Tf and Tf from seminal plasma of other cyprinids but a lower similarity to salmonid and percid fishes. Tf was localized to the blood vessels of the carp testis which strongly suggest that most Tf of carp seminal plasma originates from blood. In conclusion, seminal plasma Tf has a unique structure and is similar or identical to blood Tf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola A Dietrich
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Semen Biology Group, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Zhao X, Monson C, Gao C, Gouon-Evans V, Matsumoto N, Sadler KC, Friedman SL. Klf6/copeb is required for hepatic outgrowth in zebrafish and for hepatocyte specification in mouse ES cells. Dev Biol 2010; 344:79-93. [PMID: 20430021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Revised: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 6 (Klf6; copeb in zebrafish) is a zinc-finger transcription factor and tumor suppressor gene. Klf6(-)(/)(-) mice have defects in hematopoiesis and angiogenesis and do not form a liver. However, the vascular abnormalities in Klf6(-/-) mice obfuscate its role in liver development since these two processes are linked in mammals. We utilized zebrafish and mouse ES cells to investigate the role of copeb in endoderm specification and hepatogenesis separate from its function in angiogenesis. During zebrafish development, copeb expression is enriched in digestive organs. Morpholino knockdown of copeb blocks expansion of the liver, pancreas and intestine, but does not affect their specification, differentiation or the vascularization of the liver. Decreased hepatocyte proliferation in copeb morphants is accompanied by upregulation of the cell cycle inhibitor, cdkn1a, a Copeb transcriptional target. A cell autonomous role for Klf6 in endoderm and hepatic development was investigated by manipulating Klf6 expression in mouse ES cells driven to differentiate along the hepatic lineage. Expression of the endoderm markers Hnf3beta, Gata4, Sox17, and CxCr4 is not induced in Klf6(-/-) cells but is upregulated in ES cells over-expressing Klf6. Collectively, these findings indicate that copeb/Klf6 is essential for the development of endoderm-derived organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhao
- Division of Liver Diseases/Department of Medicine, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Di Prinzio CM, Botta PE, Barriga EH, Ríos EA, Reyes AE, Arranz SE. Growth hormone receptors in zebrafish (Danio rerio): adult and embryonic expression patterns. Gene Expr Patterns 2010; 10:214-25. [PMID: 20230916 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Revised: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone receptor (GHR) is a critical regulator of growth and metabolism. Although two GHRs have been characterized in many fish species, their functional characteristics, mechanisms of regulation and roles in embryonic development remain unclear. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an excellent model organism to study both developmental and physiological processes. In the present work, we characterized the complete cDNA sequences of zebrafish GHRs, ghra and ghrb, and their gene structures. We studied the expression of both receptors in adult tissues, and during embryonic development and larval stages by means of RT-PCR and whole-mount in situ hybridization. We determined that both transcripts are maternal ones, with specific expression patterns during development. Both GHR transcripts are mainly expressed in the notochord, myotomes, anterior structures and in the yolk cell. Interestingly, their expression became undetectable at 96h post-fertilization. Unlike other reports in fish, ghrs expression could not be detected in brain when adult tissues were used, and we detected ghrb but not ghra transcripts in muscle. In addition, we determined alternative transcript sequences for ghra with specific domain deletions, and alternative transcripts for ghrb that generate a premature stop codon and codify for truncated isoforms. These isoforms lack intracellular regions necessary for the activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) family transcription factors 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia M Di Prinzio
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET/UNR), Area Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina
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50
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Rai K, Jafri IF, Chidester S, James SR, Karpf AR, Cairns BR, Jones DA. Dnmt3 and G9a cooperate for tissue-specific development in zebrafish. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:4110-4121. [PMID: 19946145 PMCID: PMC2823551 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.073676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although DNA methylation is critical for proper embryonic and tissue-specific development, how different DNA methyltransferases affect tissue-specific development and their targets remains unknown. We address this issue in zebrafish through antisense-based morpholino knockdown of Dnmt3 and Dnmt1. Our data reveal that Dnmt3 is required for proper neurogenesis, and its absence results in profound defects in brain and retina. Interestingly, other organs such as intestine remain unaffected suggesting tissue-specific requirements of Dnmt3. Further, comparison of Dnmt1 knockdown phenotypes with those of Dnmt3 suggested that these two families have distinct functions. Consistent with this idea, Dnmt1 failed to complement Dnmt3 deficiency, and Dnmt3 failed to complement Dnmt1 deficiency. Downstream of Dnmt3 we identify a neurogenesis regulator, lef1, as a Dnmt3-specific target gene that is demethylated and up-regulated in dnmt3 morphants. Knockdown of lef1 rescued neurogenesis defects resulting from Dnmt3 absence. Mechanistically, we show cooperation between Dnmt3 and an H3K9 methyltransferase G9a in regulating lef1. Further, like Dnmt1-Suv39h1 cooperativity, Dnmt3 and G9a seemed to function together for tissue-specific development. G9a knockdown, but not Suv39h1 loss, phenocopied dnmt3 morphants and G9a overexpression provided a striking rescue of dnmt3 morphant phenotypes, whereas Suv39h1 overexpression failed, supporting the notion of specific DNMT-histone methyltransferase networks. Consistent with this model, H3K9me3 levels on the lef1 promoter were reduced in both dnmt3 and g9a morphants, and its knockdown rescued neurogenesis defects in g9a morphants. We propose a model wherein specific DNMT-histone methyltransferase networks are utilized to silence critical regulators of cell fate in a tissue-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Rai
- From the Departments of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112; Departments of Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 and; Departments of Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Itrat F Jafri
- From the Departments of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112; Departments of Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 and; Departments of Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Stephanie Chidester
- Departments of Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 and
| | - Smitha R James
- the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263
| | - Adam R Karpf
- the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263
| | - Bradley R Cairns
- From the Departments of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112; Departments of Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 and; Departments of Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112.
| | - David A Jones
- From the Departments of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112; Departments of Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 and; Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112.
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