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Brückner A, Brandtner A, Rieck S, Matthey M, Geisen C, Fels B, Stei M, Kusche-Vihrog K, Fleischmann BK, Wenzel D. Site-specific genetic and functional signatures of aortic endothelial cells at aneurysm predilection sites in healthy and AngII ApoE -/- mice. Angiogenesis 2024:10.1007/s10456-024-09933-9. [PMID: 38965173 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-024-09933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm is characterized by a pathological dilation at specific predilection sites of the vessel and potentially results in life-threatening vascular rupture. Herein, we established a modified "Häutchen method" for the local isolation of endothelial cells (ECs) from mouse aorta to analyze their spatial heterogeneity and potential role in site-specific disease development. When we compared ECs from aneurysm predilection sites of healthy mice with adjacent control segments we found regulation of genes related to extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis and inflammation, all pathways playing a critical role in aneurysm development. We also detected enhanced cortical stiffness of the endothelium at these sites. Gene expression of ECs from aneurysms of the AngII ApoE-/- model when compared to sham animals mimicked expression patterns from predilection sites of healthy animals. Thus, this work highlights a striking genetic and functional regional heterogeneity in aortic ECs of healthy mice, which defines the location of aortic aneurysm formation in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Brückner
- Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Adrian Brandtner
- Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah Rieck
- Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michaela Matthey
- Department of Systems Physiology, Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University of Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Caroline Geisen
- Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Benedikt Fels
- Institute of Physiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner SiteHamburg/Luebeck/Kiel, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Marta Stei
- Heart Center Bonn, Clinic for Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kristina Kusche-Vihrog
- Institute of Physiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner SiteHamburg/Luebeck/Kiel, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Bernd K Fleischmann
- Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniela Wenzel
- Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Systems Physiology, Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University of Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
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2
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Thomson LM, Mancuso CA, Wolfe KR, Khailova L, Niemiec S, Ali E, DiMaria M, Mitchell M, Twite M, Morgan G, Frank BS, Davidson JA. The proteomic fingerprint in infants with single ventricle heart disease in the interstage period: evidence of chronic inflammation and widespread activation of biological networks. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1308700. [PMID: 38143535 PMCID: PMC10748388 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1308700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Children with single ventricle heart disease (SVHD) experience significant morbidity across systems and time, with 70% of patients experiencing acute kidney injury, 33% neurodevelopmental impairment, 14% growth failure, and 5.5% of patients suffering necrotizing enterocolitis. Proteomics is a method to identify new biomarkers and mechanisms of injury in complex physiologic states. Methods Infants with SVHD in the interstage period were compared to similar-age healthy controls. Serum samples were collected, stored at -80°C, and run on a panel of 1,500 proteins in single batch analysis (Somalogic Inc., CO). Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) was used to compare the proteomic profile of cases and controls and t-tests to detect differences in individual proteins (FDR <0.05). Protein network analysis with functional enrichment was performed in STRING and Cytoscape. Results PLS-DA readily discriminated between SVHD cases (n = 33) and controls (n = 24) based on their proteomic pattern alone (Accuracy = 0.96, R2 = 0.97, Q2 = 0.80). 568 proteins differed between groups (FDR <0.05). We identified 25 up-regulated functional clusters and 13 down-regulated. Active biological systems fell into six key groups: angiogenesis and cell proliferation/turnover, immune system activation and inflammation, altered metabolism, neural development, gastrointestinal system, and cardiac physiology and development. Conclusions We report a clear differentiation in the circulating proteome of patients with SVHD and healthy controls with >500 circulating proteins distinguishing the groups. These proteomic data identify widespread protein dysregulation across multiple biologic systems with promising biological plausibility as drivers of SVHD morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M. Thomson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Christopher A. Mancuso
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kelly R. Wolfe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Ludmila Khailova
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sierra Niemiec
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Eiman Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Michael DiMaria
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Max Mitchell
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Mark Twite
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Gareth Morgan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Benjamin S. Frank
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jesse A. Davidson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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3
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Marín-Quílez A, Di Buduo CA, Díaz-Ajenjo L, Abbonante V, Vuelta E, Soprano PM, Miguel-García C, Santos-Mínguez S, Serramito-Gómez I, Ruiz-Sala P, Peñarrubia MJ, Pardal E, Hernández-Rivas JM, González-Porras JR, García-Tuñón I, Benito R, Rivera J, Balduini A, Bastida JM. Novel variants in GALE cause syndromic macrothrombocytopenia by disrupting glycosylation and thrombopoiesis. Blood 2023; 141:406-421. [PMID: 36395340 PMCID: PMC10644051 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is recognized as a key process for proper megakaryopoiesis and platelet formation. The enzyme uridine diphosphate (UDP)-galactose-4-epimerase, encoded by GALE, is involved in galactose metabolism and protein glycosylation. Here, we studied 3 patients from 2 unrelated families who showed lifelong severe thrombocytopenia, bleeding diathesis, mental retardation, mitral valve prolapse, and jaundice. Whole-exome sequencing revealed 4 variants that affect GALE, 3 of those previously unreported (Pedigree A, p.Lys78ValfsX32 and p.Thr150Met; Pedigree B, p.Val128Met; and p.Leu223Pro). Platelet phenotype analysis showed giant and/or grey platelets, impaired platelet aggregation, and severely reduced alpha and dense granule secretion. Enzymatic activity of the UDP-galactose-4-epimerase enzyme was severely decreased in all patients. Immunoblotting of platelet lysates revealed reduced GALE protein levels, a significant decrease in N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc), showing a hypoglycosylation pattern, reduced surface expression of gylcoprotein Ibα-IX-V (GPIbα-IX-V) complex and mature β1 integrin, and increased apoptosis. In vitro studies performed with patients-derived megakaryocytes showed normal ploidy and maturation but decreased proplatelet formation because of the impaired glycosylation of the GPIbα and β1 integrin, and reduced externalization to megakaryocyte and platelet membranes. Altered distribution of filamin A and actin and delocalization of the von Willebrand factor were also shown. Overall, this study expands our knowledge of GALE-related thrombocytopenia and emphasizes the critical role of GALE in the physiological glycosylation of key proteins involved in platelet production and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marín-Quílez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Lorena Díaz-Ajenjo
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Vittorio Abbonante
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elena Vuelta
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Miguel-García
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sandra Santos-Mínguez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Serramito-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pedro Ruiz-Sala
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBERER, IdIPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Peñarrubia
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Emilia Pardal
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Virgen del Puerto, Plasencia, Spain
| | - Jesús María Hernández-Rivas
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Servicio de Hematología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Ramón González-Porras
- Servicio de Hematología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Tuñón
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Rocío Benito
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Rivera
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Pascual Parrilla, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Murcia, Spain
| | - Alessandra Balduini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA
| | - José María Bastida
- Servicio de Hematología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
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4
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Sylvén C, Wärdell E, Månsson-Broberg A, Cingolani E, Ampatzis K, Larsson L, Björklund Å, Giacomello S. High cardiomyocyte diversity in human early prenatal heart development. iScience 2022; 26:105857. [PMID: 36624836 PMCID: PMC9823232 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes play key roles during cardiogenesis, but have poorly understood features, especially in prenatal stages. Here, we characterized human prenatal cardiomyocytes, 6.5-7 weeks post-conception, by integrating single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and ligand-receptor interaction information. Using a computational workflow developed to dissect cell type heterogeneity, localize cell types, and explore their molecular interactions, we identified eight types of developing cardiomyocyte, more than double compared to the ones identified in the Human Developmental Cell Atlas. These have high variability in cell cycle activity, mitochondrial content, and connexin gene expression, and are differentially distributed in the ventricles, including outflow tract, and atria, including sinoatrial node. Moreover, cardiomyocyte ligand-receptor crosstalk is mainly with non-cardiomyocyte cell types, encompassing cardiogenesis-related pathways. Thus, early prenatal human cardiomyocytes are highly heterogeneous and develop unique location-dependent properties, with complex ligand-receptor crosstalk. Further elucidation of their developmental dynamics may give rise to new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christer Sylvén
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden,Corresponding author
| | - Eva Wärdell
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Ludvig Larsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Björklund
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefania Giacomello
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden,Corresponding author
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5
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Li CH, Hsu TI, Chang YC, Chan MH, Lu PJ, Hsiao M. Stationed or Relocating: The Seesawing EMT/MET Determinants from Embryonic Development to Cancer Metastasis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091265. [PMID: 34572451 PMCID: PMC8472300 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial and mesenchymal transition mechanisms continue to occur during the cell cycle and throughout human development from the embryo stage to death. In embryo development, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) can be divided into three essential steps. First, endoderm, mesoderm, and neural crest cells form, then the cells are subdivided, and finally, cardiac valve formation occurs. After the embryonic period, the human body will be subjected to ongoing mechanical stress or injury. The formation of a wound requires EMT to recruit fibroblasts to generate granulation tissues, repair the wound and re-create an intact skin barrier. However, once cells transform into a malignant tumor, the tumor cells acquire the characteristic of immortality. Local cell growth with no growth inhibition creates a solid tumor. If the tumor cannot obtain enough nutrition in situ, the tumor cells will undergo EMT and invade the basal membrane of nearby blood vessels. The tumor cells are transported through the bloodstream to secondary sites and then begin to form colonies and undergo reverse EMT, the so-called "mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET)." This dynamic change involves cell morphology, environmental conditions, and external stimuli. Therefore, in this manuscript, the similarities and differences between EMT and MET will be dissected from embryonic development to the stage of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsiu Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (T.-I.H.); (M.-H.C.)
| | - Tai-I Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (T.-I.H.); (M.-H.C.)
| | - Yu-Chan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Hsien Chan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (T.-I.H.); (M.-H.C.)
| | - Pei-Jung Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (P.-J.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (T.-I.H.); (M.-H.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (P.-J.L.); (M.H.)
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6
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EphA4 is highly expressed in the atria of heart and its deletion leads to atrial hypertrophy and electrocardiographic abnormalities in rats. Life Sci 2021; 278:119595. [PMID: 33974931 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS EphA4 is a member of the Eph receptor family, and expressed mainly in central nervous system (CNS), which is involved in CNS development and multiple diseases. Due to the variability in EphA4 expression, we wondered if EphA4 is expressed in other tissues, and what role does EphA4 play? MATERIALS AND METHODS We generated an EphA4 knockout (KO) rat line with red fluorescent marker protein encoded by the mCherry cassette inserted downstream of the EphA4 promoter as a reporter. Using this system, we observed high expression of EphA4 in the heart atria and in the brain. KEY FINDINGS EphaA4 KO rats (EphA4-/-) developed obvious atrial hypertrophy with an increased atria-to-heart weight ratio and atrial cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area at six months of age. EphA4-/- rats had reduced atrial end diastolic volume (EDV), atrial ejection fraction (EF) and left ventricular EF. They also exhibited increased amplitude of QRS complexes and QT intervals, with invisible p waves. RNA sequencing revealed that EphA4 KO altered the transcription of multiple genes involved in regulation of transcription and translation, ion binding, metabolism and cell adhesion. Deletion of EphA4 reduced IGF1 mRNA and protein expression, which is involved in cardiac remodeling. SIGNIFICANCE Our data demonstrated that EphA4 was highly expressed in the atria and its deletion caused atrial dysfunction. Our findings also suggested that the EphA4 KO rat could be a potential model for studies on atrial remodeling.
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7
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Kyryachenko S, Georges A, Yu M, Barrandou T, Guo L, Bruneval P, Rubio T, Gronwald J, Baraki H, Kutschka I, Aras KK, Efimov IR, Norris RA, Voigt N, Bouatia-Naji N. Chromatin Accessibility of Human Mitral Valves and Functional Assessment of MVP Risk Loci. Circ Res 2021; 128:e84-e101. [PMID: 33508947 PMCID: PMC8316483 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common valvopathy that leads to mitral insufficiency, heart failure, and sudden death. Functional genomic studies in mitral valves are needed to better characterize MVP-associated variants and target genes. OBJECTIVE To establish the chromatin accessibility profiles and assess functionality of variants and narrow down target genes at MVP loci. METHODS AND RESULTS We mapped the open chromatin regions in nuclei from 11 human pathogenic and 7 nonpathogenic mitral valves by an assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing. Open chromatin peaks were globally similar between pathogenic and nonpathogenic valves. Compared with the heart tissue and cardiac fibroblasts, we found that MV-specific assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing peaks are enriched near genes involved in extracellular matrix organization, chondrocyte differentiation, and connective tissue development. One of the most enriched motifs in MV-specific open chromatin peaks was for the nuclear factor of activated T cells family of TFs (transcription factors) involved in valve endocardial and interstitial cell formation. We also found that MVP-associated variants were significantly enriched (P<0.05) in mitral valve open chromatin peaks. Integration of the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing data with risk loci, extensive functional annotation, and gene reporter assay suggest plausible causal variants for rs2641440 at the SMG6/SRR locus and rs6723013 at the IGFBP2/IGFBP5/TNS1 locus. CRISPR-Cas9 deletion of the sequence including rs6723013 in human fibroblasts correlated with increased expression only for TNS1. Circular chromatin conformation capture followed by high-throughput sequencing experiments provided evidence for several target genes, including SRR, HIC1, and DPH1 at the SMG6/SRR locus and further supported TNS1 as the most likely target gene on chromosome 2. CONCLUSIONS Here, we describe unprecedented genome-wide open chromatin profiles from human pathogenic and nonpathogenic MVs and report specific gene regulation profiles, compared with the heart. We also report in vitro functional evidence for potential causal variants and target genes at MVP risk loci involving established and new biological mechanisms. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mengyao Yu
- Université de Paris, PARCC, Inserm, Paris,
France
| | | | - Lilong Guo
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology,
Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South
Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Tony Rubio
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University
Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner
Site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Judith Gronwald
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University
Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner
Site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hassina Baraki
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner
Site Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery,
University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Kutschka
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner
Site Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery,
University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kedar K. Aras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington
University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Igor R. Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington
University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Russel A. Norris
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology,
Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South
Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Niels Voigt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University
Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner
Site Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from
Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells (MBExC), University of
Göttingen, Germany
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8
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Febres-Aldana CA, Pelaez L, Wright MS, Maher OM, Febres-Aldana AJ, Sasaki J, Jayakar P, Jayakar A, Diaz-Barbosa M, Janvier M, Totapally B, Salyakina D, Galvez-Silva JR. A Case of UDP-Galactose 4'-Epimerase Deficiency Associated with Dyshematopoiesis and Atrioventricular Valve Malformations: An Exceptional Clinical Phenotype Explained by Altered N-Glycosylation with Relative Preservation of the Leloir Pathway. Mol Syndromol 2020; 11:320-329. [PMID: 33510604 DOI: 10.1159/000511343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The generalized form of UDP-galactose-4'-epimerase (GALE) deficiency causes hypotonia, failure to thrive, cataracts, and liver failure. Individuals with non-generalized forms may remain asymptomatic with uncertain long-term outcomes. We report a 2-year-old child compound heterozygous for GALE p.R51W/p.G237D who never developed symptoms of classic galactosemia but has a history of congenital combined mitral and tricuspid valve malformation and pyloric stenosis, and presented with pancytopenia. Variant pathogenicity was supported by predictive computational tools and decreased GALE activity measured in erythrocytes. GALE function extends to the biosynthesis of glycans by epimerization of UDP-N-acetyl-galactosamine and -glucosamine. Interrogation of the Gene Ontology consortium database revealed several putative proteins involved in normal hematopoiesis and atrioventricular valve morphogenesis, requiring N-glycosylation for adequate functionality. We hypothesize that by limiting substrate supply due to GALE deficiency, alterations in N-linked protein glycosylation can explain the patient's phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Febres-Aldana
- AM Rywlin, MD, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, USA
| | - Liset Pelaez
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA.,Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Meredith S Wright
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ossama M Maher
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Jun Sasaki
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Parul Jayakar
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA.,Personalized Medicine Initiative, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Anuj Jayakar
- Personalized Medicine Initiative, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Magaly Diaz-Barbosa
- Personalized Medicine Initiative, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michelin Janvier
- Personalized Medicine Initiative, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Bala Totapally
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA.,Personalized Medicine Initiative, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA.,Division of Critical Care Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Daria Salyakina
- Personalized Medicine Initiative, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jorge R Galvez-Silva
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA.,Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
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9
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Shiuan E, Inala A, Wang S, Song W, Youngblood V, Chen J, Brantley-Sieders DM. Host deficiency in ephrin-A1 inhibits breast cancer metastasis. F1000Res 2020; 9:217. [PMID: 32399207 PMCID: PMC7194498 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.22689.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The conventional dogma of treating cancer by focusing on the elimination of tumor cells has been recently refined to include consideration of the tumor microenvironment, which includes host stromal cells. Ephrin-A1, a cell surface protein involved in adhesion and migration, has been shown to be tumor suppressive in the context of the cancer cell. However, its role in the host has not been fully investigated. Here, we examine how ephrin-A1 host deficiency affects cancer growth and metastasis in a murine model of breast cancer. Methods: 4T1 cells were orthotopically implanted into the mammary fat pads or injected into the tail veins of ephrin-A1 wild-type (
Efna1+/+), heterozygous (
Efna1+/-), or knockout (
Efna1-/-) mice. Tumor growth, lung metastasis, and tumor recurrence after surgical resection were measured. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to analyze various cell populations in primary tumors and tumor-bearing lungs. Results: While primary tumor growth did not differ between
Efna1+/+,
Efna1+/-, and
Efna1-/- mice, lung metastasis and primary tumor recurrence were significantly decreased in knockout mice.
Efna1-/- mice had reduced lung colonization of 4T1 cells compared to
Efna1+/+ littermate controls as early as 24 hours after tail vein injection. Furthermore, established lung lesions in
Efna1-/- mice had reduced proliferation compared to those in
Efna1+/+ controls. Conclusions: Our studies demonstrate that host deficiency of ephrin-A1 does not impact primary tumor growth but does affect metastasis by providing a less favorable metastatic niche for cancer cell colonization and growth. Elucidating the mechanisms by which host ephrin-A1 impacts cancer relapse and metastasis may shed new light on novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Shiuan
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ashwin Inala
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Shan Wang
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.,Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Wenqiang Song
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.,Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | | | - Jin Chen
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.,Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Dana M Brantley-Sieders
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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10
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Shiuan E, Inala A, Wang S, Song W, Youngblood V, Chen J, Brantley-Sieders DM. Host deficiency in ephrin-A1 inhibits breast cancer metastasis. F1000Res 2020; 9:217. [PMID: 32399207 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.22689.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The conventional dogma of treating cancer by focusing on the elimination of tumor cells has been recently refined to include consideration of the tumor microenvironment, which includes host stromal cells. Ephrin-A1, a cell surface protein involved in adhesion and migration, has been shown to be tumor suppressive in the context of the cancer cell. However, its role in the host has not been fully investigated. Here, we examine how ephrin-A1 host deficiency affects cancer growth and metastasis in a murine model of breast cancer. Methods: 4T1 cells were orthotopically implanted into the mammary fat pads or injected into the tail veins of ephrin-A1 wild-type ( Efna1 +/+), heterozygous ( Efna1 +/-), or knockout ( Efna1 -/-) mice. Tumor growth, lung metastasis, and tumor recurrence after surgical resection were measured. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to analyze various cell populations in primary tumors and tumor-bearing lungs. Results: While primary tumor growth did not differ between Efna1 +/+, Efna1 +/-, and Efna1 -/- mice, lung metastasis and primary tumor recurrence were significantly decreased in knockout mice. Efna1 -/- mice had reduced lung colonization of 4T1 cells compared to Efna1 +/+ littermate controls as early as 24 hours after tail vein injection. Furthermore, established lung lesions in Efna1 -/- mice had reduced proliferation compared to those in Efna1 +/+ controls. Conclusions: Our studies demonstrate that host deficiency of ephrin-A1 does not impact primary tumor growth but does affect metastasis by providing a less favorable metastatic niche for cancer cell colonization and growth. Elucidating the mechanisms by which host ephrin-A1 impacts cancer relapse and metastasis may shed new light on novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Shiuan
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ashwin Inala
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Shan Wang
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.,Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Wenqiang Song
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.,Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | | | - Jin Chen
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.,Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Dana M Brantley-Sieders
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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11
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Ieguchi K, Maru Y. Roles of EphA1/A2 and ephrin-A1 in cancer. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:841-848. [PMID: 30657619 PMCID: PMC6398892 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological functions of the Eph/ephrin system have been intensively investigated and well documented so far since its discovery in 1987. Although the Eph/ephrin system has been implicated in pathological settings such as Alzheimer's disease and cancer, the molecular mechanism of the Eph/ephrin system in those diseases is not well understood. Especially in cancer, recent studies have demonstrated that most of Eph and ephrin are up‐ or down‐regulated in various types of cancer, and have been implicated in tumor progression, tumor malignancy, and prognosis. However, they lack consistency and are in controversy. The localization patterns of EphA1 and EphA2 in mouse lungs are very similar, and both knockout mice showed similar phenotypes in the lungs. Ephrin‐A1 that is a membrane‐anchored ligand for EphAs was co‐localized with EphA1 and EphA2 in lung vascular endothelial cells. We recently uncovered the molecular mechanism of ephrin‐A1‐induced lung metastasis by understanding the physiological function of ephrin‐A1 in lungs. This review focuses on the function of EphA1, EphA2, and ephrin‐A1 in tumors and an establishment of pre‐metastatic microenvironment in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuaki Ieguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maru
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Chen X, Lu B, Ma Q, Ji CD, Li JZ. EphA3 inhibits migration and invasion of esophageal cancer cells by activating the mesenchymal‑epithelial transition process. Int J Oncol 2018; 54:722-732. [PMID: 30483759 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Eph receptor tyrosine kinases are critical for cell‑cell communication during normal and oncogenic development. Eph receptor A3 (EphA3) expression is associated with tumor promotion in certain types of cancer; however, it acts as a tumor suppressor in others. The expression levels of EphA3 and its effects on tumor progression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines were determined using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and a Transwell invasion assay. The present study demonstrated that EphA3 expression was decreased in ESCC tissues and cell lines. Treatment with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5‑aza‑2'‑deoxycytidine increased the mRNA expression levels of EphA3 in the ESCC cell lines KYSE510 and KYSE30. In addition, overexpression of EphA3 in KYSE450 and KYSE510 cells inhibited cell migration and invasion. EphA3 overexpression also decreased RhoA GTPase. Furthermore, EphA3 overexpression induced mesenchymal‑epithelial transition, as demonstrated by epithelial‑like morphological alterations, increased expression of epithelial proteins (E‑cadherin and the tight junction protein 1 zonula occludens‑1) and decreased expression of mesenchymal proteins (Vimentin, N‑cadherin and Snail). Conversely, silencing EphA3 in KYSE410 cells triggered epithelial‑mesenchymal transition, and promoted cell migration and invasion. These results suggested that EphA3 may serve a tumor‑suppressor role in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- Key Laboratory, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Bin Lu
- International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Qian Ma
- International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Dong Ji
- Department of Scientific Research Management, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Zhong Li
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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13
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Agopiantz M, Xandre-Rodriguez L, Jin B, Urbistondoy G, Ialy-Radio C, Chalbi M, Wolf JP, Ziyyat A, Lefèvre B. Growth arrest specific 1 (Gas1) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor α1 (Gfrα1), two mouse oocyte glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins, are involved in fertilisation. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 29:824-837. [PMID: 28442042 DOI: 10.1071/rd15367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, Juno, the oocyte receptor for Izumo1, a male immunoglobulin, was discovered. Juno is an essential glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GIP)-anchored protein. This result did not exclude the participation of other GIP-anchored proteins in this process. After bibliographic and database searches we selected five GIP-anchored proteins (Cpm, Ephrin-A4, Gas1, Gfra1 and Rgmb) as potential oocyte candidates participating in fertilisation. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses showed that only three were present on the mouse ovulated oocyte membrane and, of these, only two were clearly involved in the fertilisation process, namely growth arrest specific 1 (Gas1) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor α1 (Gfrα1). This was demonstrated by evaluating oocyte fertilisability after treatment of oocytes with antibodies against the selected proteins, with their respective short interference RNA or both. Gfrα1 and Gas1 seem to be neither redundant nor synergistic. In conclusion, oocyte Gas1 and Gfrα1 are both clearly involved in fertilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Agopiantz
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - L Xandre-Rodriguez
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - B Jin
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - G Urbistondoy
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - C Ialy-Radio
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - M Chalbi
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - J-P Wolf
- Service d'Histologie Embryologie Biologie de la Reproduction - CECOS, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, F75014 Paris, France
| | - A Ziyyat
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - B Lefèvre
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
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14
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Chowdhury B, Xiang B, Liu M, Hemming R, Dolinsky VW, Triggs-Raine B. Hyaluronidase 2 Deficiency Causes Increased Mesenchymal Cells, Congenital Heart Defects, and Heart Failure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 10:CIRCGENETICS.116.001598. [PMID: 28196902 PMCID: PMC5331876 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.116.001598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background— Hyaluronan (HA) is required for endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and normal heart development in the mouse. Heart abnormalities in hyaluronidase 2 (HYAL2)–deficient (Hyal2−/−) mice and humans suggested removal of HA is also important for normal heart development. We have performed longitudinal studies of heart structure and function in Hyal2−/− mice to determine when, and how, HYAL2 deficiency leads to these abnormalities. Methods and Results— Echocardiography revealed atrial enlargement, atrial tissue masses, and valvular thickening at 4 weeks of age, as well as diastolic dysfunction that progressed with age, in Hyal2−/− mice. These abnormalities were associated with increased HA, vimentin-positive cells, and fibrosis in Hyal2−/− compared with control mice. Based on the severity of heart dysfunction, acute and chronic groups of Hyal2−/− mice that died at an average of 12 and 25 weeks respectively, were defined. Increased HA levels and mesenchymal cells, but not vascular endothelial growth factor in Hyal2−/− embryonic hearts, suggest that HYAL2 is important to inhibit endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Consistent with this, in wild-type embryos, HYAL2 and HA were readily detected, and HA levels decreased with age. Conclusions— These data demonstrate that disruption of normal HA catabolism in Hyal2−/− mice causes increased HA, which may promote endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and proliferation of mesenchymal cells. Excess endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, resulting in increased mesenchymal cells, is the likely cause of morphological heart abnormalities in both humans and mice. In mice, these abnormalities result in progressive and severe diastolic dysfunction, culminating in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Chowdhury
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics (B.C., M.L., R.H., B.T.-R.), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (B.X., V.W.D.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.L.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (V.W.D., B.T.-R.)
| | - Bo Xiang
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics (B.C., M.L., R.H., B.T.-R.), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (B.X., V.W.D.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.L.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (V.W.D., B.T.-R.)
| | - Michelle Liu
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics (B.C., M.L., R.H., B.T.-R.), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (B.X., V.W.D.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.L.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (V.W.D., B.T.-R.)
| | - Richard Hemming
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics (B.C., M.L., R.H., B.T.-R.), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (B.X., V.W.D.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.L.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (V.W.D., B.T.-R.)
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics (B.C., M.L., R.H., B.T.-R.), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (B.X., V.W.D.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.L.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (V.W.D., B.T.-R.)
| | - Barbara Triggs-Raine
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics (B.C., M.L., R.H., B.T.-R.), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (B.X., V.W.D.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.L.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (V.W.D., B.T.-R.).
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15
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Makris SL, Scott CS, Fox J, Knudsen TB, Hotchkiss AK, Arzuaga X, Euling SY, Powers CM, Jinot J, Hogan KA, Abbott BD, Hunter ES, Narotsky MG. A systematic evaluation of the potential effects of trichloroethylene exposure on cardiac development. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 65:321-358. [PMID: 27575429 PMCID: PMC9113522 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The 2011 EPA trichloroethylene (TCE) IRIS assessment, used developmental cardiac defects from a controversial drinking water study in rats (Johnson et al. [51]), along with several other studies/endpoints to derive reference values. An updated literature search of TCE-related developmental cardiac defects was conducted. Study quality, strengths, and limitations were assessed. A putative adverse outcome pathway (AOP) construct was developed to explore key events for the most commonly observed cardiac dysmorphologies, particularly those involved with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of endothelial origin (EndMT); several candidate pathways were identified. A hypothesis-driven weight-of-evidence analysis of epidemiological, toxicological, in vitro, in ovo, and mechanistic/AOP data concluded that TCE has the potential to cause cardiac defects in humans when exposure occurs at sufficient doses during a sensitive window of fetal development. The study by Johnson et al. [51] was reaffirmed as suitable for hazard characterization and reference value derivation, though acknowledging study limitations and uncertainties.
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16
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Prakash S, Kuang SQ, Regalado E, Guo D, Milewicz D. Recurrent Rare Genomic Copy Number Variants and Bicuspid Aortic Valve Are Enriched in Early Onset Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153543. [PMID: 27092555 PMCID: PMC4836726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections (TAAD) are a major cause of death in the United States. The spectrum of TAAD ranges from genetic disorders, such as Marfan syndrome, to sporadic isolated disease of unknown cause. We hypothesized that genomic copy number variants (CNVs) contribute causally to early onset TAAD (ETAAD). We conducted a genome-wide SNP array analysis of ETAAD patients of European descent who were enrolled in the National Registry of Genetically Triggered Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Cardiovascular Conditions (GenTAC). Genotyping was performed on the Illumina Omni-Express platform, using PennCNV, Nexus and CNVPartition for CNV detection. ETAAD patients (n = 108, 100% European American, 28% female, average age 20 years, 55% with bicuspid aortic valves) were compared to 7013 dbGAP controls without a history of vascular disease using downsampled Omni 2.5 data. For comparison, 805 sporadic TAAD patients with late onset aortic disease (STAAD cohort) and 192 affected probands from families with at least two affected relatives (FTAAD cohort) from our institution were screened for additional CNVs at these loci with SNP arrays. We identified 47 recurrent CNV regions in the ETAAD, FTAAD and STAAD groups that were absent or extremely rare in controls. Nine rare CNVs that were either very large (>1 Mb) or shared by ETAAD and STAAD or FTAAD patients were also identified. Four rare CNVs involved genes that cause arterial aneurysms when mutated. The largest and most prevalent of the recurrent CNVs were at Xq28 (two duplications and two deletions) and 17q25.1 (three duplications). The percentage of individuals harboring rare CNVs was significantly greater in the ETAAD cohort (32%) than in the FTAAD (23%) or STAAD (17%) cohorts. We identified multiple loci affected by rare CNVs in one-third of ETAAD patients, confirming the genetic heterogeneity of TAAD. Alterations of candidate genes at these loci may contribute to the pathogenesis of TAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Prakash
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shao-Qing Kuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - GenTAC Registry Investigators
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ellen Regalado
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dongchuan Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dianna Milewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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17
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Youngblood VM, Kim LC, Edwards DN, Hwang Y, Santapuram PR, Stirdivant SM, Lu P, Ye F, Brantley-Sieders DM, Chen J. The Ephrin-A1/EPHA2 Signaling Axis Regulates Glutamine Metabolism in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1825-36. [PMID: 26833123 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) contributes to cellular transformation and cancer progression by disrupting key metabolic signaling pathways. The EPHA2 RTK is overexpressed in aggressive forms of breast cancer, including the HER2(+) subtype, and correlates with poor prognosis. However, the role of EPHA2 in tumor metabolism remains unexplored. In this study, we used in vivo and in vitro models of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer to investigate the mechanisms by which EPHA2 ligand-independent signaling promotes tumorigenesis in the absence of its prototypic ligand, ephrin-A1. We demonstrate that ephrin-A1 loss leads to upregulated glutamine metabolism and lipid accumulation that enhanced tumor growth. Global metabolic profiling of ephrin-A1-null, HER2-overexpressing mammary tumors revealed a significant increase in glutaminolysis, a critical metabolic pathway that generates intermediates for lipogenesis. Pharmacologic inhibition of glutaminase activity reduced tumor growth in both ephrin-A1-depleted and EPHA2-overexpressing tumor allografts in vivo Mechanistically, we show that the enhanced proliferation and glutaminolysis in the absence of ephrin-A1 were attributed to increased RhoA-dependent glutaminase activity. EPHA2 depletion or pharmacologic inhibition of Rho, glutaminase, or fatty acid synthase abrogated the increased lipid content and proliferative effects of ephrin-A1 knockdown. Together, these findings highlight a novel, unsuspected connection between the EPHA2/ephrin-A1 signaling axis and tumor metabolism, and suggest potential new therapeutic targets in cancer subtypes exhibiting glutamine dependency. Cancer Res; 76(7); 1825-36. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura C Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Deanna N Edwards
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yoonha Hwang
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | - Pengcheng Lu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Dana M Brantley-Sieders
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee. Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
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18
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Rhodes CJ, Im H, Cao A, Hennigs JK, Wang L, Sa S, Chen PI, Nickel NP, Miyagawa K, Hopper RK, Tojais NF, Li CG, Gu M, Spiekerkoetter E, Xian Z, Chen R, Zhao M, Kaschwich M, Del Rosario PA, Bernstein D, Zamanian RT, Wu JC, Snyder MP, Rabinovitch M. RNA Sequencing Analysis Detection of a Novel Pathway of Endothelial Dysfunction in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192:356-66. [PMID: 26030479 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201408-1528oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Pulmonary arterial hypertension is characterized by endothelial dysregulation, but global changes in gene expression have not been related to perturbations in function. OBJECTIVES RNA sequencing was used to discriminate changes in transcriptomes of endothelial cells cultured from lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension versus control subjects and to assess the functional significance of major differentially expressed transcripts. METHODS The endothelial transcriptomes from the lungs of seven control subjects and six patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension were analyzed. Differentially expressed genes were related to bone morphogenetic protein type 2 receptor (BMPR2) signaling. Those down-regulated were assessed for function in cultured cells and in a transgenic mouse. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Fold differences in 10 genes were significant (P < 0.05), four increased and six decreased in patients versus control subjects. No patient was mutant for BMPR2. However, knockdown of BMPR2 by siRNA in control pulmonary arterial endothelial cells recapitulated 6 of 10 patient-related gene changes, including decreased collagen IV (COL4A1, COL4A2) and ephrinA1 (EFNA1). Reduction of BMPR2-regulated transcripts was related to decreased β-catenin. Reducing COL4A1, COL4A2, and EFNA1 by siRNA inhibited pulmonary endothelial adhesion, migration, and tube formation. In mice null for the EFNA1 receptor, EphA2, versus control animals, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor blockade and hypoxia caused more severe pulmonary hypertension, judged by elevated right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and loss of small arteries. CONCLUSIONS The novel relationship between BMPR2 dysfunction and reduced expression of endothelial COL4 and EFNA1 may underlie vulnerability to injury in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Rhodes
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Hogune Im
- 2 Cardiovascular Institute.,4 Department of Genetics, and
| | - Aiqin Cao
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Jan K Hennigs
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Lingli Wang
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Silin Sa
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Pin-I Chen
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Nils P Nickel
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Kazuya Miyagawa
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Rachel K Hopper
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Nancy F Tojais
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Caiyun G Li
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Mingxia Gu
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Edda Spiekerkoetter
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,5 Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Zhaoying Xian
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Rui Chen
- 2 Cardiovascular Institute.,4 Department of Genetics, and
| | - Mingming Zhao
- 2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Mark Kaschwich
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Patricia A Del Rosario
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,5 Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Roham T Zamanian
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,5 Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Joseph C Wu
- 2 Cardiovascular Institute.,5 Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
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19
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Abstract
Eph receptor tyrosine kinases control cell-cell interactions during normal and oncogenic development, and are implicated in a range of processes including angiogenesis, stem cell maintenance and metastasis. They are thus of great interest as targets for cancer therapy. EphA3, originally isolated from leukemic and melanoma cells, is presently one of the most promising therapeutic targets, with multiple tumor-promoting roles in a variety of cancer types. This review focuses on EphA3, its functions in controlling cellular behavior, both in normal and pathological development, and most particularly in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Janes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University , Victoria , Australia and
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20
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Glucocorticoids promote structural and functional maturation of foetal cardiomyocytes: a role for PGC-1α. Cell Death Differ 2014; 22:1106-16. [PMID: 25361084 PMCID: PMC4572859 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid levels rise dramatically in late gestation to mature foetal organs in readiness for postnatal life. Immature heart function may compromise survival. Cardiomyocyte glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is required for the structural and functional maturation of the foetal heart in vivo, yet the molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here we asked if GR activation in foetal cardiomyocytes in vitro elicits similar maturational changes. We show that physiologically relevant glucocorticoid levels improve contractility of primary-mouse-foetal cardiomyocytes, promote Z-disc assembly and the appearance of mature myofibrils, and increase mitochondrial activity. Genes induced in vitro mimic those induced in vivo and include PGC-1α, a critical regulator of cardiac mitochondrial capacity. SiRNA-mediated abrogation of the glucocorticoid induction of PGC-1α in vitro abolished the effect of glucocorticoid on myofibril structure and mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Using RNA sequencing we identified a number of transcriptional regulators, including PGC-1α, induced as primary targets of GR in foetal cardiomyocytes. These data demonstrate that PGC-1α is a key mediator of glucocorticoid-induced maturation of foetal cardiomyocyte structure and identify other candidate transcriptional regulators that may play critical roles in the transition of the foetal to neonatal heart.
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21
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Abstract
The erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma (Eph) receptor tyrosine kinase family plays important roles in developmental processes, adult tissue homeostasis, and various diseases. Interaction with Eph receptor-interacting protein (ephrin) ligands on the surface of neighboring cells triggers Eph receptor kinase-dependent signaling. The ephrins can also transmit signals, leading to bidirectional cell contact-dependent communication. Moreover, Eph receptors and ephrins can function independently of each other through interplay with other signaling systems. Given their involvement in many pathological conditions ranging from neurological disorders to cancer and viral infections, Eph receptors and ephrins are increasingly recognized as attractive therapeutic targets, and various strategies are being explored to modulate their expression and function. Eph receptor/ephrin upregulation in cancer cells, the angiogenic vasculature, and injured or diseased tissues also offer opportunities for Eph/ephrin-based targeted drug delivery and imaging. Thus, despite the challenges presented by the complex biology of the Eph receptor/ephrin system, exciting possibilities exist for therapies exploiting these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Barquilla
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037; ,
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22
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Bressan M, Yang PB, Louie JD, Navetta AM, Garriock RJ, Mikawa T. Reciprocal myocardial-endocardial interactions pattern the delay in atrioventricular junction conduction. Development 2014; 141:4149-57. [PMID: 25273084 DOI: 10.1242/dev.110007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Efficient blood flow depends on two developmental processes that occur within the atrioventricular junction (AVJ) of the heart: conduction delay, which entrains sequential chamber contraction; and valve formation, which prevents retrograde fluid movement. Defects in either result in severe congenital heart disease; however, little is known about the interplay between these two crucial developmental processes. Here, we show that AVJ conduction delay is locally assigned by the morphogenetic events that initiate valve formation. Our data demonstrate that physical separation from endocardial-derived factors prevents AVJ myocardium from becoming fast conducting. Mechanistically, this physical separation is induced by myocardial-derived factors that support cardiac jelly deposition at the onset of valve formation. These data offer a novel paradigm for conduction patterning, whereby reciprocal myocardial-endocardial interactions coordinate the processes of valve formation with establishment of conduction delay. This, in turn, synchronizes the electrophysiological and structural events necessary for the optimization of blood flow through the developing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bressan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94143-3120, USA
| | - PoAn Brian Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94143-3120, USA
| | - Jonathan D Louie
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94143-3120, USA
| | - Alicia M Navetta
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94143-3120, USA
| | - Robert J Garriock
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94143-3120, USA
| | - Takashi Mikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94143-3120, USA
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23
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Cissé M, Checler F. Eph receptors: new players in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 73:137-49. [PMID: 25193466 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is devastating and leads to permanent losses of memory and other cognitive functions. Although recent genetic evidences strongly argue for a causative role of Aβ in AD onset and progression (Jonsson et al., 2012), its role in AD etiology remains a matter of debate. However, even if not the sole culprit or pathological trigger, genetic and anatomical evidences in conjunction with numerous pharmacological studies, suggest that Aβ peptides, at least contribute to the disease. How Aβ contributes to memory loss remains largely unknown. Soluble Aβ species referred to as Aβ oligomers have been shown to be neurotoxic and induce network failure and cognitive deficits in animal models of the disease. In recent years, several proteins were described as potential Aβ oligomers receptors, amongst which are the receptor tyrosine kinases of Eph family. These receptors together with their natural ligands referred to as ephrins have been involved in a plethora of physiological and pathological processes, including embryonic neurogenesis, learning and memory, diabetes, cancers and anxiety. Here we review recent discoveries on Eph receptors-mediated protection against Aβ oligomers neurotoxicity as well as their potential as therapeutic targets in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustapha Cissé
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275 CNRS/UNS, "Labex Distalz", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France..
| | - Frédéric Checler
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275 CNRS/UNS, "Labex Distalz", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France..
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24
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Keane N, Freeman C, Swords R, Giles FJ. EPHA3 as a novel therapeutic target in the hematological malignancies. Expert Rev Hematol 2014; 5:325-40. [DOI: 10.1586/ehm.12.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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25
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26
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Wang H, Wen J, Wang H, Guo Q, Shi S, Shi Q, Zhou X, Liu Q, Lu G, Wang J. Loss of expression of EphB1 protein in serous carcinoma of ovary associated with metastasis and poor survival. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2013; 7:313-321. [PMID: 24427352 PMCID: PMC3885486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of receptors tyrosine kinase of Eph gene in human cancers is extensively documented. We previously found that EphB1 subtype is down-regulated in gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. Fore the more, decreased expression of EphB1 is related to invasion and metastasis in cancers. There is no published data regarding the role of EphB1 in ovarian cancer, which is the focus of the present study. The expression of EphB1 protein was determined in tissues from 74 patients with serous ovarian carcinoma and 12 normal ovarian epithelial tissues. The expression level of EphB1 protein in serous ovarian carcinoma was analyzed with respect to clinicopathological parameters and survival. EphB1 protein was positively stained in 12 normal ovarian epithelial samples, and negatively stained in 32 out of 74 (43.2%) serous ovarian cancers. Loss of expression of EphB1 protein was associated with higher tumor grade (P=0.006), metastasis (P=0.049) and high proliferative index Ki67 expression (P=0.022), but not with FIGO stage (P=0.0937), age at diagnosis (P=0.624), and diameter of carcinoma (P=0.108). In addition, loss of EphB1 protein in serous ovarian carcinoma was associated with a significantly worse overall survival (P=0.015). Our data indicate that loss of EphB1 protein is associated with metastasis and poorer survival in patients with serous ovarian cancer. EphB1 may be used as a prognostic marker and a therapeutic target in serous ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical UniversityNanjing 210002, China
| | - Juanjuan Wen
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical UniversityNanjing 210002, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical UniversityNanjing 210002, China
| | - Qinq Guo
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical UniversityNanjing 210002, China
| | - Shanshan Shi
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical UniversityNanjing 210002, China
| | - Qunli Shi
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical UniversityNanjing 210002, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical UniversityNanjing 210002, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical UniversityNanjing 210002, China
| | - Guangming Lu
- Department of Radiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical UniversityNanjing 210002, China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical UniversityNanjing 210002, China
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27
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O'Neal WT, Griffin WF, Dries-Devlin JL, Kent SD, Chen J, Willis MS, Virag JAI. Ephrin-Eph signaling as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of myocardial infarction. Med Hypotheses 2013; 80:738-44. [PMID: 23562676 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although numerous strategies have been developed to reduce the initial ischemic insult and cellular injury that occurs during myocardial infarction (MI), few have progressed into the clinical arena. The epidemiologic and economic impact of MI necessitates the development of innovative therapies to rapidly and effectively reduce the initial injury and subsequent cardiac dysfunction. The Eph receptors and their cognate ligands, the ephrins, are the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases, and their signaling has been shown to play a diverse role in various cellular processes. The recent advances in the study of ephrin-Eph signaling have shown promising progress in many fields of medicine. They have been implicated in the pathophysiology of various cancers and in the regulation of inflammation and apoptosis. Recent studies have shown that manipulation of ephrin-Eph cell signaling can favorably influence cardiomyocyte viability and ultimately preserve cardiac function post-MI. In this article, we explore the hypothesis that manipulation of ephrin-Eph signaling may potentially be a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of MI through alteration of the cellular processes that govern injury and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley T O'Neal
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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28
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Chen J. Regulation of tumor initiation and metastatic progression by Eph receptor tyrosine kinases. Adv Cancer Res 2012; 114:1-20. [PMID: 22588054 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386503-8.00001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a growing body of evidence has indicated that signaling molecules previously implicated in axon guidance are important regulators of multistep tumorigenesis and progression. Eph receptors and ephrins belong to this special class of molecules that play important roles in both axon guidance and cancer. Tremendous progress has been made in the past few years in both understanding the role of Eph receptors and ephrins in cancer and designing therapeutic strategies for cancer therapy. This review will focus on new advances in elucidating the contribution of Eph/ephrin molecules to key processes in tumor initiation and metastatic progression, including cancer cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, and tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- VA Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
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29
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Nievergall E, Lackmann M, Janes PW. Eph-dependent cell-cell adhesion and segregation in development and cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:1813-42. [PMID: 22204021 PMCID: PMC11114713 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies attest to essential roles for Eph receptors and their ephrin ligands in controlling cell positioning and tissue patterning during normal and oncogenic development. These studies suggest multiple, sometimes contradictory, functions of Eph-ephrin signalling, which under different conditions can promote either spreading and cell-cell adhesion or cytoskeletal collapse, cell rounding, de-adhesion and cell-cell segregation. A principle determinant of the balance between these two opposing responses is the degree of receptor/ligand clustering and activation. This equilibrium is likely altered in cancers and modulated by somatic mutations of key Eph family members that have emerged as candidate cancer markers in recent profiling studies. In addition, cross-talk amongst Ephs and with other signalling pathways significantly modulates cell-cell adhesion, both between and within Eph- and ephrin-expressing cell populations. This review summarises our current understanding of how Eph receptors control cell adhesion and morphology, and presents examples demonstrating the importance of these events in normal development and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Nievergall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
- Present Address: Haematology Department, SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA 5000 Australia
| | - Martin Lackmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Peter W. Janes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
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30
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Lencinas A, Tavares ALP, Barnett JV, Runyan RB. Collagen gel analysis of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the embryo heart: an in vitro model system for the analysis of tissue interaction, signal transduction, and environmental effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 93:298-311. [PMID: 22271679 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.20222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cellular process of epithelial-mesenchymal cell transition (EMT) is a critical event in development that is reiterated in adult pathologies of metastasis and organ fibrosis. An initial understanding of the cellular and molecular events of this process emerged from an in vitro examination of heart valve development. Explants of the chick atrioventricular valve-forming region were placed on collagen gels and removed to show that EMT was regulated by a tissue interaction. Subsequent studies showed that specific TGFβ isoforms and receptors were required and steps of activation and invasion could be distinguished. The assay was modified for mouse hearts and has been used to explore signal transduction and gene expression in both species. The principle advantages of the system are a defined temporal window, when EMT takes place and the ability to isolate cells at various stages of the EMT process. These advantages are largely unavailable in other developmental or adult models. As the mesenchymal cells produced by EMT in the heart are involved in defects found in congenital heart disease, there is also a direct relevance of cardiac EMT to human birth defects. This relationship has been explored in relation to environmental exposures and in a number of genetic models. This review provides both an overview of the findings developed from the assay and protocols to enable the use of the assay by other laboratories. The assay provides a versatile platform to explore roles of specific gene products, drugs, and environmental agents on a critical cellular process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Lencinas
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
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31
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de Vlaming A, Sauls K, Hajdu Z, Visconti RP, Mehesz AN, Levine RA, Slaugenhaupt SA, Hagège A, Chester AH, Markwald RR, Norris RA. Atrioventricular valve development: new perspectives on an old theme. Differentiation 2012; 84:103-16. [PMID: 22579502 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Atrioventricular valve development commences with an EMT event whereby endocardial cells transform into mesenchyme. The molecular events that induce this phenotypic change are well understood and include many growth factors, signaling components, and transcription factors. Besides their clear importance in valve development, the role of these transformed mesenchyme and the function they serve in the developing prevalve leaflets is less understood. Indeed, we know that these cells migrate, but how and why do they migrate? We also know that they undergo a transition to a mature, committed cell, largely defined as an interstitial fibroblast due to their ability to secrete various matrix components including collagen type I. However, we have yet to uncover mechanisms by which the matrix is synthesized, how it is secreted, and how it is organized. As valve disease is largely characterized by altered cell number, cell activation, and matrix disorganization, answering questions of how the valves are built will likely provide us with information of real clinical relevance. Although expression profiling and descriptive or correlative analyses are insightful, to advance the field, we must now move past the simplicity of these assays and ask fundamental, mechanistic based questions aimed at understanding how valves are "built". Herein we review current understandings of atrioventricular valve development and present what is known and what isn't known. In most cases, basic, biological questions and hypotheses that were presented decades ago on valve development still are yet to be answered but likely hold keys to uncovering new discoveries with relevance to both embryonic development and the developmental basis of adult heart valve diseases. Thus, the goal of this review is to remind us of these questions and provide new perspectives on an old theme of valve development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarieke de Vlaming
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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32
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Lisabeth EM, Fernandez C, Pasquale EB. Cancer somatic mutations disrupt functions of the EphA3 receptor tyrosine kinase through multiple mechanisms. Biochemistry 2012; 51:1464-75. [PMID: 22242939 DOI: 10.1021/bi2014079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Eph receptor tyrosine kinases make up an important family of signal transduction molecules that control many cellular processes, including cell adhesion and movement, cell shape, and cell growth. All of these are important aspects of cancer progression, but the relationship between Eph receptors and cancer is complex and not fully understood. Genetic screens of tumor specimens from cancer patients have revealed somatic mutations in many Eph receptors. The most highly mutated Eph receptor is EphA3, but its functional role in cancer is currently not well established. Here we show that many EphA3 mutations identified in lung, colorectal, and hepatocellular cancers, melanoma, and glioblastoma impair kinase activity or ephrin ligand binding and/or decrease the level of receptor cell surface localization. These results suggest that EphA3 has ephrin- and kinase-dependent tumor suppressing activities, which are disrupted by somatic cancer mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M Lisabeth
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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33
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Cheng C, Gong X. Diverse roles of Eph/ephrin signaling in the mouse lens. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28147. [PMID: 22140528 PMCID: PMC3226676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genetic studies show that the Eph/ephrin bidirectional signaling pathway is associated with both congenital and age-related cataracts in mice and humans. We have investigated the molecular mechanisms of cataractogenesis and the roles of ephrin-A5 and EphA2 in the lens. Ephrin-A5 knockout (-/-) mice often display anterior polar cataracts while EphA2(-/-) lenses show very mild cortical or nuclear cataracts at weaning age. The anterior polar cataract of ephrin-A5(-/-) lenses is correlated with multilayers of aberrant cells that express alpha smooth muscle actin, a marker for mesenchymal cells. Only select fiber cells are altered in ephrin-A5(-/-) lenses. Moreover, the disruption of membrane-associated β-catenin and E-cadherin junctions is observed in ephrin-A5(-/-) lens central epithelial cells. In contrast, EphA2(-/-) lenses display normal monolayer epithelium while disorganization is apparent in all lens fiber cells. Immunostaining of ephrin-A5 proteins, highly expressed in lens epithelial cells, were not colocalized with EphA2 proteins, mainly expressed in lens fiber cells. Besides the previously reported function of ephrin-A5 in lens fiber cells, this work suggests that ephrin-A5 regulates β-catenin signaling and E-cadherin to prevent lens anterior epithelial cells from undergoing the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition while EphA2 is essential for controlling the organization of lens fiber cells through an unknown mechanism. Ephrin-A5 and EphA2 likely interacting with other members of Eph/ephrin family to play diverse functions in lens epithelial cells and/or fiber cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Cheng
- School of Optometry and Vision Science Program, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Xiaohua Gong
- School of Optometry and Vision Science Program, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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34
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Eph/ephrin profiling in human breast cancer reveals significant associations between expression level and clinical outcome. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24426. [PMID: 21935409 PMCID: PMC3174170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-clinical studies provide compelling evidence that Eph family receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and ligands promote cancer growth, neovascularization, invasion, and metastasis. Tumor suppressive roles have also been reported for the receptors, however, creating a potential barrier for clinical application. Determining how these observations relate to clinical outcome is a crucial step for translating the biological and mechanistic data into new molecularly targeted therapies. We investigated eph and ephrin expression in human breast cancer relative to endpoints of overall and/or recurrence-free survival in large microarray datasets. We also investigated protein expression in commercial human breast tissue microarrays (TMA) and Stage I prognostic TMAs linked to recurrence outcome data. We found significant correlations between ephA2, ephA4, ephA7, ephB4, and ephB6 and overall and/or recurrence-free survival in large microarray datasets. Protein expression in TMAs supported these trends. While observed no correlation between ephrin ligand expression and clinical outcome in microarray datasets, ephrin-A1 and EphA2 protein co-expression was significantly associated with recurrence in Stage I prognostic breast cancer TMAs. Our data suggest that several Eph family members are clinically relevant and tractable targets for intervention in human breast cancer. Moreover, profiling Eph receptor expression patterns in the context of relevant ligands and in the context of stage may be valuable in terms of diagnostics and treatment.
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EphB signaling inhibits gap junctional intercellular communication and synchronized contraction in cultured cardiomyocytes. Basic Res Cardiol 2011; 106:1057-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-011-0219-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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DeLaughter DM, Saint-Jean L, Baldwin HS, Barnett JV. What chick and mouse models have taught us about the role of the endocardium in congenital heart disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 91:511-25. [PMID: 21538818 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Specific cell and tissue interactions drive the formation and function of the vertebrate cardiovascular system. Although much attention has been focused on the muscular components of the developing heart, the endocardium plays a key role in the formation of a functioning heart. Endocardial cells exhibit heterogeneity that allows them to participate in events such as the formation of the valves, septation of the outflow tract, and trabeculation. Here we review, the contributions of the endocardium to cardiovascular development and outline useful approaches developed in the chick and mouse that have revealed endocardial cell heterogeneity, the signaling molecules that direct endocardial cell behavior, and how these insights have contributed to our understanding of cardiovascular development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M DeLaughter
- Departments of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave., Nashville, TN 37232-6600, USA
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