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Yu T, Li G, Wang C, Li N, Yao R, Wang J. Defective Joint Development and Maintenance in GDF6-Related Multiple Synostoses Syndrome. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:568-577. [PMID: 36744814 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple synostoses syndromes (SYNS) are a group of rare genetic bone disorders characterized by multiple joint fusions. We previously reported an SYNS4-causing GDF6 c.1330 T > A (p.Tyr444Asn) mutation, which reduced Noggin-induced GDF6 inhibition and enhanced SMAD1/5/8 signaling. However, the mechanisms by which GDF6 gain-of-function mutation alters joint formation and the comprehensive molecular portraits of SYNS4 remain unclear. Herein, we introduce the p.Tyr443Asn (orthologous to the human GDF6 p.Tyr444Asn) mutation into the mouse Gdf6 locus and report the results of extensive phenotype analysis, joint development investigation, and transcriptome profiling of Gdf6 p.Tyr443Asn limb buds. Gdf6 p.Tyr443Asn knock-in mice recapitulated the morphological features of human SYNS4, showing joint fusion in the wrists, ankles, phalanges, and auditory ossicles. Analysis of mouse embryonic forelimbs demonstrated joint interzone formation defects and excess chondrogenesis in Gdf6 p.Tyr443Asn knock-in mice. Further, RNA sequencing of forelimb buds revealed enhanced bone formation and upregulated bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in mice carrying the Gdf6 p.Tyr443Asn mutation. Because tightly regulated BMP signaling is critical for skeletal development and joint morphogenesis, our study shows that enhancing GDF6 activity has a significant impact on both prenatal joint development and postnatal joint maintenance. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Niu Li
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruen Yao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Ornitz DM, Itoh N. New developments in the biology of fibroblast growth factors. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1549. [PMID: 35142107 PMCID: PMC10115509 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is composed of 18 secreted signaling proteins consisting of canonical FGFs and endocrine FGFs that activate four receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFRs 1-4) and four intracellular proteins (intracellular FGFs or iFGFs) that primarily function to regulate the activity of voltage-gated sodium channels and other molecules. The canonical FGFs, endocrine FGFs, and iFGFs have been reviewed extensively by us and others. In this review, we briefly summarize past reviews and then focus on new developments in the FGF field since our last review in 2015. Some of the highlights in the past 6 years include the use of optogenetic tools, viral vectors, and inducible transgenes to experimentally modulate FGF signaling, the clinical use of small molecule FGFR inhibitors, an expanded understanding of endocrine FGF signaling, functions for FGF signaling in stem cell pluripotency and differentiation, roles for FGF signaling in tissue homeostasis and regeneration, a continuing elaboration of mechanisms of FGF signaling in development, and an expanding appreciation of roles for FGF signaling in neuropsychiatric diseases. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Cancer > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Itoh
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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3
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Jing D, Chen Z, Men Y, Yi Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Yi J, Wan L, Shen B, Feng JQ, Zhao Z, Zhao H, Li C. Response of Gli1 + Suture Stem Cells to Mechanical Force Upon Suture Expansion. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1307-1320. [PMID: 35443291 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Normal development of craniofacial sutures is crucial for cranial and facial growth in all three dimensions. These sutures provide a unique niche for suture stem cells (SuSCs), which are indispensable for homeostasis, damage repair, as well as stress balance. Expansion appliances are now routinely used to treat underdevelopment of the skull and maxilla, stimulating the craniofacial sutures through distraction osteogenesis. However, various treatment challenges exist due to a lack of full understanding of the mechanism through which mechanical forces stimulate suture and bone remodeling. To address this issue, we first identified crucial steps in the cycle of suture and bone remodeling based on the established standard suture expansion model. Observed spatiotemporal morphological changes revealed that the remodeling cycle is approximately 3 to 4 weeks, with collagen restoration proceeding more rapidly. Next, we traced the fate of the Gli1+ SuSCs lineage upon application of tensile force in three dimensions. SuSCs were rapidly activated and greatly contributed to bone remodeling within 1 month. Furthermore, we confirmed the presence of Wnt activity within Gli1+ SuSCs based on the high co-expression ratio of Gli1+ cells and Axin2+ cells, which also indicated the homogeneity and heterogeneity of two cell groups. Because Wnt signaling in the sutures is highly upregulated upon tensile force loading, conditional knockout of β-catenin largely restricted the activation of Gli1+ SuSCs and suppressed bone remodeling under physiological and expansion conditions. Thus, we concluded that Gli1+ SuSCs play essential roles in suture and bone remodeling stimulated by mechanical force and that Wnt signaling is crucial to this process. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Jing
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zexi Chen
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Men
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yating Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianru Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Shen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Q Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoyuan Li
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Pothiawala A, Sahbazoglu BE, Ang BK, Matthias N, Pei G, Yan Q, Davis BR, Huard J, Zhao Z, Nakayama N. GDF5+ chondroprogenitors derived from human pluripotent stem cells preferentially form permanent chondrocytes. Development 2022; 149:dev196220. [PMID: 35451016 PMCID: PMC9245189 DOI: 10.1242/dev.196220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been established in the mouse model that during embryogenesis joint cartilage is generated from a specialized progenitor cell type, distinct from that responsible for the formation of growth plate cartilage. We recently found that mesodermal progeny of human pluripotent stem cells gave rise to two types of chondrogenic mesenchymal cells in culture: SOX9+ and GDF5+ cells. The fast-growing SOX9+ cells formed in vitro cartilage that expressed chondrocyte hypertrophy markers and readily underwent mineralization after ectopic transplantation. In contrast, the slowly growing GDF5+ cells derived from SOX9+ cells formed cartilage that tended to express low to undetectable levels of chondrocyte hypertrophy markers, but expressed PRG4, a marker of embryonic articular chondrocytes. The GDF5+-derived cartilage remained largely unmineralized in vivo. Interestingly, chondrocytes derived from the GDF5+ cells seemed to elicit these activities via non-cell-autonomous mechanisms. Genome-wide transcriptomic analyses suggested that GDF5+ cells might contain a teno/ligamento-genic potential, whereas SOX9+ cells resembled neural crest-like progeny-derived chondroprogenitors. Thus, human pluripotent stem cell-derived GDF5+ cells specified to generate permanent-like cartilage seem to emerge coincidentally with the commitment of the SOX9+ progeny to the tendon/ligament lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azim Pothiawala
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Berke E. Sahbazoglu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bryan K. Ang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nadine Matthias
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guangsheng Pei
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qing Yan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brian R. Davis
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO 81657, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Naoki Nakayama
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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5
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Kim M, Koyama E, Saunders CM, Querido W, Pleshko N, Pacifici M. Synovial joint cavitation initiates with microcavities in interzone and is coupled to skeletal flexion and elongation in developing mouse embryo limbs. Biol Open 2022; 11:275492. [PMID: 35608281 PMCID: PMC9212078 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The synovial cavity and its fluid are essential for joint function and lubrication, but their developmental biology remains largely obscure. Here, we analyzed E12.5 to E18.5 mouse embryo hindlimbs and discovered that cavitation initiates around E15.0 with emergence of multiple, discrete, µm-wide tissue discontinuities we term microcavities in interzone, evolving into a single joint-wide cavity within 12 h in knees and within 72-84 h in interphalangeal joints. The microcavities were circumscribed by cells as revealed by mTmG imaging and exhibited a carbohydrate and protein content based on infrared spectral imaging at micro and nanoscale. Accounting for differing cavitation kinetics, we found that the growing femur and tibia anlagen progressively flexed at the knee over time, with peak angulation around E15.5 exactly when the full knee cavity consolidated; however, interphalangeal joint geometry changed minimally over time. Indeed, cavitating knee interzone cells were elongated along the flexion angle axis and displayed oblong nuclei, but these traits were marginal in interphalangeal cells. Conditional Gdf5Cre-driven ablation of Has2 – responsible for production of the joint fluid component hyaluronic acid (HA) – delayed the cavitation process. Our data reveal that cavitation is a stepwise process, brought about by sequential action of microcavities, skeletal flexion and elongation, and HA accumulation. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Synovial joints contain a fluid-filled cavity crucial for skeletal motion and lifelong function, but the developmental biology of cavitation remains largely obscure, hampering basic and translational progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwook Kim
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eiki Koyama
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cheri M Saunders
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William Querido
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Nancy Pleshko
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Maurizio Pacifici
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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6
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Lavin KM, Coen PM, Baptista LC, Bell MB, Drummer D, Harper SA, Lixandrão ME, McAdam JS, O’Bryan SM, Ramos S, Roberts LM, Vega RB, Goodpaster BH, Bamman MM, Buford TW. State of Knowledge on Molecular Adaptations to Exercise in Humans: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3193-3279. [PMID: 35578962 PMCID: PMC9186317 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
For centuries, regular exercise has been acknowledged as a potent stimulus to promote, maintain, and restore healthy functioning of nearly every physiological system of the human body. With advancing understanding of the complexity of human physiology, continually evolving methodological possibilities, and an increasingly dire public health situation, the study of exercise as a preventative or therapeutic treatment has never been more interdisciplinary, or more impactful. During the early stages of the NIH Common Fund Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) Initiative, the field is well-positioned to build substantially upon the existing understanding of the mechanisms underlying benefits associated with exercise. Thus, we present a comprehensive body of the knowledge detailing the current literature basis surrounding the molecular adaptations to exercise in humans to provide a view of the state of the field at this critical juncture, as well as a resource for scientists bringing external expertise to the field of exercise physiology. In reviewing current literature related to molecular and cellular processes underlying exercise-induced benefits and adaptations, we also draw attention to existing knowledge gaps warranting continued research effort. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3193-3279, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleen M. Lavin
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Human Health, Resilience, and Performance, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Paul M. Coen
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Liliana C. Baptista
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Margaret B. Bell
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Devin Drummer
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sara A. Harper
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Manoel E. Lixandrão
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeremy S. McAdam
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Samia M. O’Bryan
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sofhia Ramos
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Lisa M. Roberts
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rick B. Vega
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Bret H. Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Marcas M. Bamman
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Human Health, Resilience, and Performance, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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7
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Wilkinson JM, Zeggini E. The Genetic Epidemiology of Joint Shape and the Development of Osteoarthritis. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 109:257-276. [PMID: 32393986 PMCID: PMC8403114 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00702-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Congruent, low-friction relative movement between the articulating elements of a synovial joint is an essential pre-requisite for sustained, efficient, function. Where disorders of joint formation or maintenance exist, mechanical overloading and osteoarthritis (OA) follow. The heritable component of OA accounts for ~ 50% of susceptible risk. Although almost 100 genetic risk loci for OA have now been identified, and the epidemiological relationship between joint development, joint shape and osteoarthritis is well established, we still have only a limited understanding of the contribution that genetic variation makes to joint shape and how this modulates OA risk. In this article, a brief overview of synovial joint development and its genetic regulation is followed by a review of current knowledge on the genetic epidemiology of established joint shape disorders and common shape variation. A summary of current genetic epidemiology of OA is also given, together with current evidence on the genetic overlap between shape variation and OA. Finally, the established genetic risk loci for both joint shape and osteoarthritis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mark Wilkinson
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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8
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Li N, Hu P, Wang Y, Chen X, Wang S, Shi Y, Huang Z, Lin C, Zhang Y, Cong W, Xiao J, Liu C. Tissue interactions are indispensable for cavity formation and disc separation in the temporomandibular joint. Connect Tissue Res 2021; 62:351-358. [PMID: 31875727 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1709452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Our previous study found that in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of the K14-cre; Ctnnb1ex3f mouse embryo, the morphogenesis of glenoid fossa was interrupted by the dislocated condyle. This observation suggested that the formation of the glenoid fossa required tissue interactions with condylar mesenchyme. The purpose of this study was to clarify if the interactions between other components are essential for TMJ morphogenesis.Materials and methods: We examined the gross morphology, histology, cell proliferation, and gene expression in the developing TMJ of K14-cre; Ctnnb1ex3f mice by whole-mount bone and cartilage staining, Azon staining, BrdU labeling, and in situ hybridization, respectively.Results: In K14-cre; Ctnnb1ex3f mice, the zygomatic arch was misconnected to the mandibular bone by ectopic bone formation, which disrupted the attachment of temporalis to the mandibular bone and joint capsule formation. Although the initiation and differentiation of the condylar cartilage were slightly impacted, the K14-cre; Ctnnb1ex3f TMJ lacked joint cavities and separated disc, suggesting that the tissue interactions between the joint capsule and the TMJ were indispensable for the cavity formation and disc separation. The ectopic activation of Gli2 in the cells occupying the cavities, and the enhanced PTHrP transcription in the condylar perichondrium of the K14-cre; Ctnnb1ex3f TMJ suggested that the disrupted interactions between the joint capsule and the TMJ impaired cavity formation and disc separation by altering Hh signaling.Conclusion: Joint capsule formation was essential for cavity formation and disc separation during TMJ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine and Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine and Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine and Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine and Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shangqi Wang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine and Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yiding Shi
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine and Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Southern Center for Biomedical Research and Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chensheng Lin
- Southern Center for Biomedical Research and Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanding Zhang
- Southern Center for Biomedical Research and Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Cong
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine and Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine and Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine and Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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9
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Bobzin L, Roberts RR, Chen HJ, Crump JG, Merrill AE. Development and maintenance of tendons and ligaments. Development 2021; 148:239823. [PMID: 33913478 DOI: 10.1242/dev.186916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tendons and ligaments are fibrous connective tissues vital to the transmission of force and stabilization of the musculoskeletal system. Arising in precise regions of the embryo, tendons and ligaments share many properties and little is known about the molecular differences that differentiate them. Recent studies have revealed heterogeneity and plasticity within tendon and ligament cells, raising questions regarding the developmental mechanisms regulating tendon and ligament identity. Here, we discuss recent findings that contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms that establish and maintain tendon progenitors and their differentiated progeny in the head, trunk and limb. We also review the extent to which these findings are specific to certain anatomical regions and model organisms, and indicate which findings similarly apply to ligaments. Finally, we address current research regarding the cellular lineages that contribute to tendon and ligament repair, and to what extent their regulation is conserved within tendon and ligament development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Bobzin
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ryan R Roberts
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Hung-Jhen Chen
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - J Gage Crump
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Amy E Merrill
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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10
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Yamashita A, Tsumaki N. Recent progress of animal transplantation studies for treating articular cartilage damage using pluripotent stem cells. Dev Growth Differ 2021; 63:72-81. [PMID: 33411345 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Focal articular cartilage damage can eventually lead to the onset of osteoarthritis with degradation around healthy articular cartilage. Currently, there are no drugs available that effectively repair articular cartilage damage. Several surgical techniques exist and are expected to prevent progression to osteoarthritis, but they do not offer a long-term clinical solution. Recently, regenerative medicine approaches using human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have gained attention as new cell sources for therapeutic products. To translate PSCs to clinical application, appropriate cultures that produce large amounts of chondrocytes and hyaline cartilage are needed. So too are assays for the safety and efficacy of the cellular materials in preclinical studies including animal transplantation models. To confirm safety and efficacy, transplantation into the subcutaneous space and articular cartilage defects have been performed in animal models. All but one study we reviewed that transplanted PSC-derived cellular products into articular cartilage defects found safe and effective recovery. However, for most of those studies, the quality of the PSCs was not verified, and the evaluations were done with small animals over short observation periods. Large animals and longer observation times are preferred. We will discuss the recent progress and future direction of the animal transplantation studies for the treatment of focal articular cartilage damages using PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Yamashita
- Cell Induction and Regulation Field, Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Tsumaki
- Cell Induction and Regulation Field, Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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11
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Abstract
Development of cartilage and bone, the core components of the mouse skeletal system, depends on coordinated proliferation and differentiation of skeletogenic cells, including chondrocytes and osteoblasts. These cells differentiate from common progenitor cells originating in the mesoderm and neural crest. Multiple signaling pathways and transcription factors tightly regulate differentiation and proliferation of skeletal cells. In this chapter, we overview the process of mouse skeletal development and discuss major regulators of skeletal cells at each developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kobayashi
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Bian Q, Cheng YH, Wilson JP, Su EY, Kim DW, Wang H, Yoo S, Blackshaw S, Cahan P. A single cell transcriptional atlas of early synovial joint development. Development 2020; 147:dev.185777. [PMID: 32580935 DOI: 10.1242/dev.185777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Synovial joint development begins with the formation of the interzone, a region of condensed mesenchymal cells at the site of the prospective joint. Recently, lineage-tracing strategies have revealed that Gdf5-lineage cells native to and from outside the interzone contribute to most, if not all, of the major joint components. However, there is limited knowledge of the specific transcriptional and signaling programs that regulate interzone formation and fate diversification of synovial joint constituents. To address this, we have performed single cell RNA-Seq analysis of 7329 synovial joint progenitor cells from the developing murine knee joint from E12.5 to E15.5. By using a combination of computational analytics, in situ hybridization and in vitro characterization of prospectively isolated populations, we have identified the transcriptional profiles of the major developmental paths for joint progenitors. Our freely available single cell transcriptional atlas will serve as a resource for the community to uncover transcriptional programs and cell interactions that regulate synovial joint development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Bian
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Yu-Hao Cheng
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Jordan P Wilson
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Emily Y Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Dong Won Kim
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Sooyeon Yoo
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Patrick Cahan
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
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13
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Khan A, Wang R, Han S, Umair M, Alshabeeb MA, Ansar M, Ahmad W, Alaamery M, Zhang X. A Novel Homozygous Nonsense Mutation p.Cys366* in the WNT10B Gene Underlying Split-Hand/Split Foot Malformation in a Consanguineous Pakistani Family. Front Pediatr 2020; 7:526. [PMID: 31998667 PMCID: PMC6970189 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Split hand/split foot malformation (SHFM) or ectrodactyly is characterized by a deep median cleft of the hand or foot, hypoplasia or aplasia of the metacarpals, metatarsals, and phalanges. It is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of limb malformations. This study aimed to identify the pathogenic variant in a consanguineous Pakistani family with autosomal recessive SHFM. Peripheral blood samples were obtained, DNA was extracted, WNT10B coding and noncoding regions were PCR amplified and Sanger sequencing was performed using workflow suggested by Thermo Fisher Scientific. A novel homozygous nonsense variant (c.1098C>A; p.Cys366*) was identified in the WNT10B gene in the index patients, which probably explains SHFM type 6 in this family in comparison with similar data from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Khan
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rongrong Wang
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shirui Han
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A. Alshabeeb
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Manal Alaamery
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xue Zhang
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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14
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Chijimatsu R, Saito T. Mechanisms of synovial joint and articular cartilage development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3939-3952. [PMID: 31201464 PMCID: PMC11105481 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is formed at the end of epiphyses in the synovial joint cavity and permanently contributes to the smooth movement of synovial joints. Most skeletal elements develop from transient cartilage by a biological process known as endochondral ossification. Accumulating evidence indicates that articular and growth plate cartilage are derived from different cell sources and that different molecules and signaling pathways regulate these two kinds of cartilage. As the first sign of joint development, the interzone emerges at the presumptive joint site within a pre-cartilage tissue. After that, joint cavitation occurs in the center of the interzone, and the cells in the interzone and its surroundings gradually form articular cartilage and the synovial joint. During joint development, the interzone cells continuously migrate out to the epiphyseal cartilage and the surrounding cells influx into the joint region. These complicated phenomena are regulated by various molecules and signaling pathways, including GDF5, Wnt, IHH, PTHrP, BMP, TGF-β, and FGF. Here, we summarize current literature and discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying joint formation and articular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Chijimatsu
- Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Taku Saito
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
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15
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Rux D, Decker RS, Koyama E, Pacifici M. Joints in the appendicular skeleton: Developmental mechanisms and evolutionary influences. Curr Top Dev Biol 2018; 133:119-151. [PMID: 30902250 PMCID: PMC6988388 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The joints are a diverse group of skeletal structures, and their genesis, morphogenesis, and acquisition of specialized tissues have intrigued biologists for decades. Here we review past and recent studies on important aspects of joint development, including the roles of the interzone and morphogenesis of articular cartilage. Studies have documented the requirement of interzone cells in limb joint initiation and formation of most, if not all, joint tissues. We highlight these studies and also report more detailed interzone dissection experiments in chick embryos. Articular cartilage has always received special attention owing to its complex architecture and phenotype and its importance in long-term joint function. We pay particular attention to mechanisms by which neonatal articular cartilage grows and thickens over time and eventually acquires its multi-zone structure and becomes mechanically fit in adults. These and other studies are placed in the context of evolutionary biology, specifically regarding the dramatic changes in limb joint organization during transition from aquatic to land life. We describe previous studies, and include new data, on the knee joints of aquatic axolotls that unlike those in higher vertebrates, are not cavitated, are filled with rigid fibrous tissues and resemble amphiarthroses. We show that when axolotls metamorph to life on land, their intra-knee fibrous tissue becomes sparse and seemingly more flexible and the articular cartilage becomes distinct and acquires a tidemark. In sum, there have been considerable advances toward a better understanding of limb joint development, biological responsiveness, and evolutionary influences, though much remains unclear. Future progress in these fields should also lead to creation of new developmental biology-based tools to repair and regenerate joint tissues in acute and chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Rux
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Rebekah S Decker
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Eiki Koyama
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Maurizio Pacifici
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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16
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Cordero GA, Quinteros K, Janzen FJ. Delayed trait development and the convergent evolution of shell kinesis in turtles. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:rspb.2018.1585. [PMID: 30282655 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding developmental processes is foundational to clarifying the mechanisms by which convergent evolution occurs. Here, we show how a key convergently evolving trait is slowly 'acquired' in growing turtles. Many functionally relevant traits emerge late in turtle ontogeny, owing to design constraints imposed by the shell. We investigated this trend by examining derived patterns of shell formation associated with the multiple (at least 8) origins of shell kinesis in small-bodied turtles. Using box turtles as a model, we demonstrate that the flexible hinge joint required for shell kinesis differentiates gradually and via extensive repatterning of shell tissue. Disproportionate changes in shell shape and size substantiate that this transformation is a delayed ontogenetic response (3-5 years post-hatching) to structural alterations that arise in embryogenesis. These findings exemplify that the translation of genotype to phenotype may reach far beyond embryonic life stages. Thus, the temporal scope for developmental origins of adaptive morphological change might be broader than generally understood. We propose that delayed trait differentiation via tissue repatterning might facilitate phenotypic diversification and innovation that otherwise would not arise due to developmental constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo A Cordero
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, 2200 Osborn Drive, 251 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Kevin Quinteros
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, 2200 Osborn Drive, 251 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Fredric J Janzen
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, 2200 Osborn Drive, 251 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA, USA
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17
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Egawa S, Saito D, Abe G, Tamura K. Morphogenetic mechanism of the acquisition of the dinosaur-type acetabulum. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:180604. [PMID: 30473817 PMCID: PMC6227947 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding morphological evolution in dinosaurs from a mechanistic viewpoint requires the elucidation of the morphogenesis that gave rise to derived dinosaurian traits, such as the perforated acetabulum. In the current study, we used embryos of extant animals with ancestral- and dinosaur-type acetabula, namely, geckos and turtles (with unperforated acetabulum), and birds (with perforated acetabulum). We performed comparative and experimental analyses, focusing on inter-tissue interaction during embryogenesis, and found that the avian perforated acetabulum develops via a secondary loss of cartilaginous tissue in the acetabular region. This cartilage loss might be mediated by inter-tissue interaction with the hip interzone, a mesenchymal tissue that exists in the embryonic joint structure. Furthermore, the data indicate that avian pelvic anlagen is more susceptible to paracrine molecules, e.g. Wnt ligand, secreted by the hip interzone than 'reptilian' anlagen. We hypothesize that during the emergence of dinosaurs, the pelvic anlagen became susceptible to the Wnt ligand, which led to the loss of the cartilaginous tissue and to the perforation in the acetabular region. Thus, the current evolutionary-developmental biology study deepens our understanding of morphological evolution in dinosaurs and provides it with a novel perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Egawa
- Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Daisuke Saito
- Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, 6-3, Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Gembu Abe
- Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Koji Tamura
- Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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18
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Kantaputra PN, Kapoor S, Verma P, Intachai W, Ketudat Cairns JR. Split hand-foot malformation and a novel WNT10B mutation. Eur J Med Genet 2018; 61:372-375. [PMID: 29427788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We report an Indian girl with split-hand/foot malformation (SHFM), sparse hair, and interrupted eyebrows, who carries a novel homozygous deletion c.695_697delACA in WNT10B. The variant is deduced to cause an in-frame deletion of Asn residue 232 (p.Asn232del). According to the protein model, this single amino acid deletion at the critical position in the protein structure is likely to severely affect the protein structure and function. This deletion is likely to lead decreased lifetime and make it unable to bind to its receptors and other ligands. The patient and all family members had normal bone density and they were not obese like some of the patients with WNT10B variants. Here we report a patient with SHFM6 who carried a novel WNT10B mutation. Sparse hair and interrupted eyebrows may be associated findings of SHFM6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piranit Nik Kantaputra
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Chiang Mai University, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; DENTALAND CLINIC, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Seema Kapoor
- Pediatrics Research & Genetic Lab, Department of Pediatrics, MAMC & Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Verma
- Pediatrics Research & Genetic Lab, Department of Pediatrics, MAMC & Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Worrachet Intachai
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Chiang Mai University, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - James R Ketudat Cairns
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, and Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
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