1
|
Baure JG, Roleda MY, Juinio-Meñez MA. Benthic diatom response to short-term acidification and warming influenced by grazing and nutrients. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 208:116956. [PMID: 39303550 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated differences in total biomass (ash-free dry weight) of the periphyton and autotrophic biomass (chlorophyll-a content) of benthic diatoms in the absence or presence (No Grazer vs With Grazer) of two invertebrate grazers (Stichopus cf. horrens and Trochus maculatus) under simulated ambient (PRESENT), independent ocean acidification (OA) and warming (OW), and their combination (FUTURE) over an eight-day period. In the absence of a grazer, there were no significant differences in the average of the total and autotrophic biomass among treatments for both experiments. Stichopus significantly reduced the total and autotrophic biomass after 1 day, except under OW. Trochus significantly reduced the total biomass in the OA and OW treatments after 5 days, and the autotrophic biomass in the OA treatment after 1 and 5 days of grazing. In treatments where total and autotrophic biomass were not reduced, nutrients from the fecal matter and metabolic wastes of grazers seemingly stimulated the regeneration of microalgal biomass. The amount of fecal matter produced also affected the rate of microalgal renewal. In addition, due to the unexpected difference in seawater nutrient concentration during the two experiments, comparison of primary production under PRESENT was done to tease out nutrient effects. In PRESENT, autotrophic biomass was higher in Experiment 1 than Experiment 2, which was likely influenced by differences in nutrient concentrations. Results of this study elucidate underlying mechanisms in microalgal interactions with biotic and abiotic factors in tropical systems under changing ocean conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerwin G Baure
- Marine Science Institute, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman (UP-MSI), Quezon City 1101, Philippines; Bolinao Marine Laboratory, UP-MSI, Luciente I, Bolinao, Pangasinan 2406, Philippines.
| | - Michael Y Roleda
- Marine Science Institute, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman (UP-MSI), Quezon City 1101, Philippines; Bolinao Marine Laboratory, UP-MSI, Luciente I, Bolinao, Pangasinan 2406, Philippines
| | - Marie Antonette Juinio-Meñez
- Marine Science Institute, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman (UP-MSI), Quezon City 1101, Philippines; Bolinao Marine Laboratory, UP-MSI, Luciente I, Bolinao, Pangasinan 2406, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mao J, Burdett HL, Kamenos NA. Efficient carbon recycling between calcification and photosynthesis in red coralline algae. Biol Lett 2024; 20:20230598. [PMID: 38889774 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2023.0598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Red coralline algae create abundant, spatially vast, reef ecosystems throughout our coastal oceans with significant ecosystem service provision, but our understanding of their basic physiology is lacking. In particular, the balance and linkages between carbon-producing and carbon-sequestering processes remain poorly constrained, with significant implications for understanding their role in carbon sequestration and storage. Using dual radioisotope tracing, we provide evidence for coupling between photosynthesis (which requires CO2) and calcification (which releases CO2) in the red coralline alga Boreolithothamnion soriferum (previously Lithothamnion soriferum)-a marine ecosystem engineer widely distributed across Atlantic mid-high latitudes. Of the sequestered HCO3 -, 38 ± 22% was deposited as carbonate skeleton while 39 ± 14% was incorporated into organic matter via photosynthesis. Only 38 ± 2% of the sequestered HCO3 - was transformed into CO2, and almost 40% of that was internally recycled as photosynthetic substrate, reducing the net release of carbon to 23 ± 3% of the total uptake. The calcification rate was strongly dependent on photosynthetic substrate production, supporting the presence of photosynthetically enhanced calcification. The efficient carbon-recycling physiology reported here suggests that calcifying algae may not contribute as much to marine CO2 release as is currently assumed, supporting a reassessment of their role in blue carbon accounting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University , Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - H L Burdett
- Umeå Marine Sciences Centre, Umeå University , Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University , Umeå, Sweden
| | - N A Kamenos
- Umeå Marine Sciences Centre, Umeå University , Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University , Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Helias M, Grall J, Jardim VL, Toumi C, Burel T. Changes in maerl-associated macroalgal community dynamics as evidence of anthropogenic pressure. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 133:1025-1040. [PMID: 38502708 PMCID: PMC11089261 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Maerl-associated communities have received considerable attention due to their uniqueness, biodiversity and functional importance. Although the impacts of human activities are well documented for maerl-associated macrofauna, the spatio-temporal variations of macroalgae have comparatively been neglected, and the drivers that influence their dynamics are poorly known. We investigate the links between maerl-associated macroalgal communities, anthropogenic pressures and environmental conditions, and hypothesize that sites under human pressure would exhibit different dynamics when compared to reference sites. METHODS To better understand community variation through space and time, four subtidal maerl beds under different pressures were consistently monitored over one year in the bay of Brest, Brittany, France. Both macroalgae community monitoring and environmental data were acquired through field sampling and available models. KEY RESULTS Higher macroalgal biomass was observed within eutrophic sites, especially in summer (more than ten times higher than in the Unimpacted site), caused by free-living forms of opportunistic red macroalgae. The Dredged site also exhibited distinct macroalgal communities during summer from the Unimpacted site. Nutrient concentrations and seasonality proved to be key factors affecting the macroalgal community composition, although dredging and its effects on granulometry also had a strong influence. Over the long term, fewer than half of the species identified during historical surveys were found, indicating major temporal changes. CONCLUSIONS Human pressures have strong impacts on maerl-associated macroalgal communities. Nutrient concentrations and dredging pressure appear as the main anthropogenic factors shaping maerl-associated macroalgal communities. Additionally, our results suggest historical changes in maerl-associated macroalgal communities over 25 years in response to changes in local human pressure management. This study suggests that maerl-associated macroalgal communities could be used as indicators of anthropogenically driven changes in this habitat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Helias
- UMS 3113, Observatoire Marin, Université de Brest, Plouzané, Brittany, France
| | - Jacques Grall
- Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, Brittany, France
- UMS 3113, Observatoire Marin, Université de Brest, Plouzané, Brittany, France
| | - Victor L Jardim
- Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, Brittany, France
| | - Chirine Toumi
- Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, Brittany, France
| | - Thomas Burel
- Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, Brittany, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
James K, Macreadie PI, Burdett HL, Davies I, Kamenos NA. It's time to broaden what we consider a 'blue carbon ecosystem'. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17261. [PMID: 38712641 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Photoautotrophic marine ecosystems can lock up organic carbon in their biomass and the associated organic sediments they trap over millennia and are thus regarded as blue carbon ecosystems. Because of the ability of marine ecosystems to lock up organic carbon for millennia, blue carbon is receiving much attention within the United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development as a nature-based solution (NBS) to climate change, but classically still focuses on seagrass meadows, mangrove forests, and tidal marshes. However, other coastal ecosystems could also be important for blue carbon storage, but remain largely neglected in both carbon cycling budgets and NBS strategic planning. Using a meta-analysis of 253 research publications, we identify other coastal ecosystems-including mud flats, fjords, coralline algal (rhodolith) beds, and some components or coral reef systems-with a strong capacity to act as blue carbon sinks in certain situations. Features that promote blue carbon burial within these 'non-classical' blue carbon ecosystems included: (1) balancing of carbon release by calcification via carbon uptake at the individual and ecosystem levels; (2) high rates of allochthonous organic carbon supply because of high particle trapping capacity; (3) high rates of carbon preservation and low remineralization rates; and (4) location in depositional environments. Some of these features are context-dependent, meaning that these ecosystems were blue carbon sinks in some locations, but not others. Therefore, we provide a universal framework that can evaluate the likelihood of a given ecosystem to behave as a blue carbon sink for a given context. Overall, this paper seeks to encourage consideration of non-classical blue carbon ecosystems within NBS strategies, allowing more complete blue carbon accounting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter I Macreadie
- Marine Research and Innovation Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heidi L Burdett
- Umeå Marine Sciences Centre, Umeå University, Norrbyn, Sweden
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Nicholas A Kamenos
- Umeå Marine Sciences Centre, Umeå University, Norrbyn, Sweden
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yadav NK, Patel AB, Singh SK, Mehta NK, Anand V, Lal J, Dekari D, Devi NC. Climate change effects on aquaculture production and its sustainable management through climate-resilient adaptation strategies: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:31731-31751. [PMID: 38652188 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Aquaculture witnessed a remarkable growth as one of the fastest-expanding sector in the food production industry; however, it faces serious threat from the unavoidable impacts of climate change. Understanding this threat, the present review explores the consequences of climate change on aquaculture production and provides need based strategies for its sustainable management, with a particular emphasis on climate-resilient approaches. The study examines the multi-dimensional impacts of climate change on aquaculture which includes the shifts in water temperature, sea-level rise, ocean acidification, harmful algal blooms, extreme weather events, and alterations in ecological dynamics. The review subsequently investigates innovative scientific interventions and climate-resilient aquaculture strategies aimed at strengthening the adaptive capacity of aquaculture practices. Some widely established solutions include selective breeding, species diversification, incorporation of ecosystem-based management practices, and the implementation of sustainable and advanced aquaculture systems (aquaponics and recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). These strategies work towards fortifying aquaculture systems against climate-induced disturbances, thereby mitigating risks and ensuring sustained production. This review provides a detailed insight to the ongoing discourse on climate-resilient aquaculture, emphasizing an immediate need for prudent measures to secure the future sustainability of fish food production sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Central Agriculture University (Imphal), Lembucherra, Tripura (West), 799210, India.
| | - Arun Bhai Patel
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Central Agriculture University (Imphal), Lembucherra, Tripura (West), 799210, India
| | - Soibam Khogen Singh
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Central Agriculture University (Imphal), Lembucherra, Tripura (West), 799210, India
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Imphal, Manipur, 795142, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Mehta
- Department of Fish Processing Technology, College of Fisheries, Central Agriculture University (Imphal), Lembucherra, Tripura (West), 799210, India
| | - Vishwajeet Anand
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Central Agriculture University (Imphal), Lembucherra, Tripura (West), 799210, India
- ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jham Lal
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Central Agriculture University (Imphal), Lembucherra, Tripura (West), 799210, India
| | - Debojit Dekari
- Department of Aquatic Health and Environment, College of Fisheries, Central Agriculture University (Imphal), Lembucherra, Tripura (West), 799210, India
| | - Ng Chinglembi Devi
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Central Agriculture University (Imphal), Lembucherra, Tripura (West), 799210, India
- Department of Aquaculture, Dr. M.G.R Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thiruvallur District, Ponneri, 601 204, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Clark AJ, Atkinson SR, Scarponi V, Cane T, Geraldi NR, Hendy IW, Shipway JR, Peck M. Cost-effort analysis of Baited Remote Underwater Video (BRUV) and environmental DNA (eDNA) in monitoring marine ecological communities. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17091. [PMID: 38708339 PMCID: PMC11067900 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Monitoring the diversity and distribution of species in an ecosystem is essential to assess the success of restoration strategies. Implementing biomonitoring methods, which provide a comprehensive assessment of species diversity and mitigate biases in data collection, holds significant importance in biodiversity research. Additionally, ensuring that these methods are cost-efficient and require minimal effort is crucial for effective environmental monitoring. In this study we compare the efficiency of species detection, the cost and the effort of two non-destructive sampling techniques: Baited Remote Underwater Video (BRUV) and environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding to survey marine vertebrate species. Comparisons were conducted along the Sussex coast upon the introduction of the Nearshore Trawling Byelaw. This Byelaw aims to boost the recovery of the dense kelp beds and the associated biodiversity that existed in the 1980s. We show that overall BRUV surveys are more affordable than eDNA, however, eDNA detects almost three times as many species as BRUV. eDNA and BRUV surveys are comparable in terms of effort required for each method, unless eDNA analysis is carried out externally, in which case eDNA requires less effort for the lead researchers. Furthermore, we show that increased eDNA replication yields more informative results on community structure. We found that using both methods in conjunction provides a more complete view of biodiversity, with BRUV data supplementing eDNA monitoring by recording species missed by eDNA and by providing additional environmental and life history metrics. The results from this study will serve as a baseline of the marine vertebrate community in Sussex Bay allowing future biodiversity monitoring research projects to understand community structure as the ecosystem recovers following the removal of trawling fishing pressure. Although this study was regional, the findings presented herein have relevance to marine biodiversity and conservation monitoring programs around the globe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice J. Clark
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie R. Atkinson
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Scarponi
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Cane
- Department of Geography, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ian W. Hendy
- School of Biological Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - J. Reuben Shipway
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Mika Peck
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hanley ME, Firth LB, Foggo A. Victim of changes? Marine macroalgae in a changing world. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 133:1-16. [PMID: 37996092 PMCID: PMC10921835 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine macroalgae ('seaweeds') are a diverse and globally distributed group of photosynthetic organisms that together generate considerable primary productivity, provide an array of different habitats for other organisms, and contribute many important ecosystem functions and services. As a result of continued anthropogenic stress on marine systems, many macroalgal species and habitats face an uncertain future, risking their vital contribution to global productivity and ecosystem service provision. SCOPE After briefly considering the remarkable taxonomy and ecological distribution of marine macroalgae, we review how the threats posed by a combination of anthropogenically induced stressors affect seaweed species and communities. From there we highlight five critical avenues for further research to explore (long-term monitoring, use of functional traits, focus on early ontogeny, biotic interactions and impact of marine litter on coastal vegetation). CONCLUSIONS Although there are considerable parallels with terrestrial vascular plant responses to the many threats posed by anthropogenic stressors, we note that the impacts of some (e.g. habitat loss) are much less keenly felt in the oceans than on land. Nevertheless, and in common with terrestrial plant communities, the impact of climate change will inevitably be the most pernicious threat to the future persistence of seaweed species, communities and service provision. While understanding macroalgal responses to simultaneous environmental stressors is inevitably a complex exercise, our attempt to highlight synergies with terrestrial systems, and provide five future research priorities to elucidate some of the important trends and mechanisms of response, may yet offer some small contribution to this goal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mick E Hanley
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, UK
| | - Louise B Firth
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, UK
| | - Andy Foggo
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Afdal, Bengen DG, Wahyudi AJ, Rastina, Prayitno HB, Hamzah F, Koropitan AF. Spatial variability of aragonite saturation state (Ωarag) in Indonesian coastal waters. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 195:106377. [PMID: 38280302 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The effects of Ocean acidification (OA) on the coastal waters of small islands in Indonesia have yet to be extensively studied. This research aims to investigate the process of OA in the coastal waters of small Indonesian islands and examine how land-sea interactions impact carbonate mineral saturation. We collected seawater samples from seven locations on small islands in Indonesia between 2015 and 2021 to analyze the aragonite saturation state. The result shows that most of Indonesia's coastal waters are accompanied by supersaturation of aragonite saturation state (Ωarag>1). Selayar Island's waters had the highest aragonite saturation, averaging 4.96 ± 0.48, while Pari Island's coastal waters had the lowest, averaging 2.49 ± 0.50. Salinity had the greatest effect on Ωarag in all of the sampling sites, ranging from 24.13% to 52.92%, except Aceh Island, where temperature had a greater impact (34.35%) than salinity (26.99%). By the end of this century, Ωarag is predicted to decline based on projections related to climate change. Small island coastal waters are expected to experience a more substantial decline compared to those near the mainland, ranging from 4.71% to 79.58%. The coastal waters of Weh and Selayar Island are probably going to decline the greatest, while the coastal waters of Sorong (mainland) are probably going to decline the least. All seven sampling locations are expected to observe the decrease. This decline will be observed at all seven sampling locations, with Ωarag values ranging from 1.91 to 3.35.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afdal
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia; Department of Marine Science and Technology, IPB University, Indonesia.
| | | | - A'an Johan Wahyudi
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia; Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Rastina
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, IPB University, Indonesia
| | - Hanif Budi Prayitno
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia
| | - Faisal Hamzah
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia
| | - Alan F Koropitan
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, IPB University, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Melbourne LA, Brodie J, Rayfield EJ, Titelboim D, Lord OT, Schmidt DN. Environmental impacts on the structural integrity of British rhodoliths. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13473. [PMID: 37596363 PMCID: PMC10439216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40292-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Coralline algae form complex habitats which are biodiversity hotspots. Experimental studies suggest that climate change will decrease coralline algal structural integrity. These experiments, however, lack information on local morphological variability and how much structural change would be needed to threaten habitat formation. Here, using finite element modelling, we assess variability in cellular structure and chemical composition of the carbonate skeleton of four coralline algal species from Britain in contemporary and historical specimens collected over the last 130 years. Cellular and mineral properties are highly variable within species, between sites and through time, with structurally weaker cells in the southern species and contemporary material compared to northern taxa and historical material. Yet, temporal differences in strength were smaller than spatial differences. Our work supports long term experiments which show the adaptation potential of this group. Our results suggest that future anthropogenic climate change may lead to loss of habitat complexity in the south and expansion of structurally weaker southern species into northern sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leanne A Melbourne
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK.
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA.
| | - Juliet Brodie
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Emily J Rayfield
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK
| | - Danna Titelboim
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3AN, UK
| | - Oliver T Lord
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK
| | - Daniela N Schmidt
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Life Cycle Assessment of pilot scale production of seaweed-based bioplastic. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
|
11
|
Young CS, Lee CS, Sylvers LH, Venkatesan AK, Gobler CJ. The invasive red seaweed, Dasysiphonia japonica, forms harmful algal blooms: Mortality in early life stage fish and bivalves and identification of putative toxins. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 118:102294. [PMID: 36195420 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the rate of introduction of non-indigenous macroalgae has increased. While invasive seaweeds often outcompete native species for substrata, their direct effects on marine life are rarely described. Here, we describe 'red water' events caused by the decay of blooms of the invasive red seaweed, Dasysiphonia japonica, in Great South Bay, NY, USA, and the ability of water from such events to induce rapid and significant mortality in larval and juvenile fish (Menidia beryllina, Menidia menidia, and Cyprinodon variegatus) and larval bivalves (Mercenaria mercenaria and Crassostrea virginica). All species studied experienced significant (p<0.05) reductions in survival when exposed to macroalgae in a state of decay, seawater in which the alga was previously decayed, or both. Both bivalve species experienced 50-60% increases in mortality when exposed to decaying D. japonica for ∼ one week, despite normoxic conditions. Among fish, significant increases (40-80%) in mortality were observed after 24 h exposure to decayed D. japonica and one-week exposures caused, on average, 90% mortality in larval M. beryllina, 50% mortality in juvenile (∼3 cm) M. menidia, and 50% mortality in larval C. variegatus. All fish and bivalve mortality occurred under normoxic conditions (dissolved oxygen (DO) >7 mg L-1) and low ammonium levels (< 20 µM), with the exception of C. variegatus, which expired under conditions of decayed D. japonica coupled with reduced DO caused by the alga. Screening of water with decayed D. japonica using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed compounds with mass-to-charge ratios matching caulerpin, a known algal toxin that causes fish and shellfish mortality, and several other putative toxicants at elevated levels. Collectively, the high levels of mortality (50-90%) of larval and juvenile fish and bivalves exposed to decaying D. japonica under normoxic conditions coupled with the observation of 'red water' events in estuaries collectively indicate the red seaweed, D. japonica, can create harmful algal blooms (HABs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Young
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY 11968, USA
| | - Cheng-Shiuan Lee
- New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Laine H Sylvers
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY 11968, USA
| | - Arjun K Venkatesan
- New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Christopher J Gobler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY 11968, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Correia KM, Alford SB, Belgrad BA, Darnell KM, Darnell MZ, Furman BT, Hall MO, Hayes CT, Martin CW, McDonald AM, Smee DL. Drift macroalgal distribution in northern Gulf of Mexico seagrass meadows. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13855. [PMID: 36032953 PMCID: PMC9415429 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Drift macroalgae, often found in clumps or mats adjacent to or within seagrass beds, can increase the value of seagrass beds as habitat for nekton via added food resources and structural complexity. But, as algal biomass increases, it can also decrease light availability, inhibit faunal movements, smother benthic communities, and contribute to hypoxia, all of which can reduce nekton abundance. We quantified the abundance and distribution of drift macroalgae within seagrass meadows dominated by turtle grass Thalassia testudinum across the northern Gulf of Mexico and compared seagrass characteristics to macroalgal biomass and distribution. Drift macroalgae were most abundant in areas with higher seagrass shoot densities and intermediate canopy heights. We did not find significant relationships between algal biomass and point measures of salinity, temperature, or depth. The macroalgal genera Laurencia and Gracilaria were present across the study region, Agardhiella and Digenia were collected in the western Gulf of Mexico, and Acanthophora was collected in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Our survey revealed drift algae to be abundant and widespread throughout seagrass meadows in the northern Gulf of Mexico, which likely influences the habitat value of seagrass ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Correia
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, AL, United States of America,University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States of America
| | - Scott B. Alford
- Nature Coast Biological Station, University of Florida, Cedar Key, FL, United States of America
| | | | - Kelly M. Darnell
- Division of Coastal Sciences, School of Ocean Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS, United States of America
| | - M. Zachary Darnell
- Division of Coastal Sciences, School of Ocean Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS, United States of America
| | - Bradley T. Furman
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, St. Petersburg, FL, United States of America
| | - Margaret O. Hall
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, St. Petersburg, FL, United States of America
| | - Christian T. Hayes
- Division of Coastal Sciences, School of Ocean Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS, United States of America,Department of Biology, Environmental Science, and Health Science, Waynesburg University, Waynesburg, PA, United States of America
| | - Charles W. Martin
- Nature Coast Biological Station, University of Florida, Cedar Key, FL, United States of America
| | - Ashley M. McDonald
- Nature Coast Biological Station, University of Florida, Cedar Key, FL, United States of America
| | - Delbert L. Smee
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, AL, United States of America,University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schmidt DN, Pieraccini M, Evans L. Marine protected areas in the context of climate change: key challenges for coastal social-ecological systems. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210131. [PMID: 35574854 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate and ecological emergencies play out acutely in coastal systems with devastating impacts on biodiversity, and the livelihoods of communities and their cultural values. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are one of the key management and regulatory tools against biodiversity loss, playing a role in strengthening bio-cultural diversity and sustainability of coastal social-ecological systems. What is unclear though is the effectiveness of static protections under climate change as species move. Next to ecological uncertainty, regulatory uncertainty may play a role in weakening marine conservation. We asked whether MPAs are ecologically effective now and can sustain or improve to be so in the future while facing key climate and regulatory uncertainties. MPAs can support the protection of cultural values and have an impact on activities of sea-users and the sustainability of social-ecological systems. As such, questions surrounding their legitimacy under a changing climate and increased uncertainty are pertinent. We argue that MPA governance must be cognisant of the interdependency between natural and human systems and their joint reaction to climate change impacts based on an integrated, co-developed, and interdisciplinary approach. Focusing on the UK as a case study, we highlight some of the challenges to achieve effective, adaptive and legitimate governance of MPAs. This article is part of the theme issue 'Nurturing resilient marine ecosystems'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela N Schmidt
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
| | - M Pieraccini
- School of Law, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
| | - L Evans
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Amory Building, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lebrasse MC, Schaeffer BA, Zimmerman RC, Hill VJ, Coffer MM, Whitman PJ, Salls WB, Graybill DD, Osburn CL. Simulated response of St. Joseph Bay, Florida, seagrass meadows and their belowground carbon to anthropogenic and climate impacts. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 179:105694. [PMID: 35850077 PMCID: PMC9924051 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Seagrass meadows are degraded globally and continue to decline in areal extent due to human pressures and climate change. This study used the bio-optical model GrassLight to explore the impact of climate change and anthropogenic stressors on seagrass extent, leaf area index (LAI) and belowground organic carbon (BGC) in St. Joseph Bay, Florida, using water quality data and remotely-sensed sea surface temperature (SST) from 2002 to 2020. Model predictions were compared with satellite-derived measurements of seagrass extent and shoot density from the Landsat images for the same period. The GrassLight-derived area of potential seagrass habitat ranged from 36.2 km2 to 39.2 km2, averaging 38.0 ± 0.8 km2 compared to an observed seagrass extent of 23.0 ± 3.0 km2 derived from Landsat (range = 17.9-27.4 km2). GrassLight predicted a mean seagrass LAI of 2.7 m2 leaf m-2 seabed, compared to a mean LAI of 1.9 m2 m-2 estimated from Landsat, indicating that seagrass density in St. Joseph Bay may have been below its light-limited ecological potential. Climate and anthropogenic change simulations using GrassLight predicted the impact of changes in temperature, pH, chlorophyll a, chromophoric dissolved organic matter and turbidity on seagrass meadows. Simulations predicted a 2-8% decline in seagrass extent with rising temperatures that was offset by a 3-11% expansion in seagrass extent in response to ocean acidification when compared to present conditions. Simulations of water quality impacts showed that a doubling of turbidity would reduce seagrass extent by 18% and total leaf area by 21%. Combining climate and water quality scenarios showed that ocean acidification may increase seagrass productivity to offset the negative effects of both thermal stress and declining water quality on the seagrasses growing in St. Joseph Bay. This research highlights the importance of considering multiple limiting factors in understanding the effects of environmental change on seagrass ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Cindy Lebrasse
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Blake A Schaeffer
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Richard C Zimmerman
- Department of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Victoria J Hill
- Department of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Megan M Coffer
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Peter J Whitman
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wilson B Salls
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David D Graybill
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christopher L Osburn
- Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Keng FSL, Phang SM, Abd Rahman N, Yeong HY, Malin G, Leedham Elvidge E, Sturges W. Halocarbon emissions by selected tropical seaweeds exposed to different temperatures. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 190:112869. [PMID: 34274551 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Four tropical seaweeds, Gracilaria manilaensis Yamamoto & Trono, Ulva reticulata Forsskål, Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) L.M.Liao and Turbinaria conoides (J.Agardh) Kützing, collected from various habitats throughout Malaysia, were subjected to temperatures of 40, 35, 30, 25 and 20 °C in the laboratory. An exposure range of 21-38 °C is reported for Malaysian waters. The effect of the temperature exposures on the halocarbon emissions of the seaweeds were determined 4 and 28 h after treatment. The emission rates for a suite of six halocarbons commonly emitted by seaweeds, bromoform (CHBr3), dibromomethane (CH2Br2), diiodomethane (CH2I2), iodomethane (CH3I), dibromochloromethane (CHBr2Cl) and dichlorobromomethane (CHBrCl2), were measured using a cryogenic purge-and-trap sample preparation system coupled to a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The emission rate of CHBr3 was the highest of the six halocarbons for all the seaweeds under all the temperatures tested, followed by CH2Br2, and CH2I2. The emission rates were affected by temperature change and exposure duration, but overall responses were unique to each seaweed species. Larger decreases in the emissions of CHBr3, CH2Br2, CH2I2 and CHBr2Cl were found for K. alvarezii and T. conoides after 4 h at 40 °C. In both cases there was a >90% (p < 0.05) reduction in the Fv/Fm value suggesting that photosynthetic actitivity was severely compromised. After a 28 h exposure period, strong negative correlations (r = -0.69 to -0.95; p < 0.01) were observed between temperature and the emission of CHBr3, CH2Br2 and CH2I2 for U. reticulata, K. alvarezii and T. conoides. This suggests a potential decrease in the halocarbon emissions from these tropical seaweeds, especially where the temperature increase is a prolonged event. Strong correlations were also seen between seaweed chlorophyll and carotenoid pigment contents and the emission rates for CHBr3, CH2Br2 and CH2I2 (r = 0.48 to 0.96 and -0.49 to -0.96; p < 0.05). These results suggest that the regulation of halocarbon production versus reactive oxygen species production in seaweeds is an area worthy of further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Seh-Lin Keng
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siew-Moi Phang
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Noorsaadah Abd Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hui-Yin Yeong
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gill Malin
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Leedham Elvidge
- Faculty of Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - William Sturges
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jenkins TL, Guillemin M, Simon‐Nutbrown C, Burdett HL, Stevens JR, Peña V. Whole genome genotyping reveals discrete genetic diversity in north-east Atlantic maerl beds. Evol Appl 2021; 14:1558-1571. [PMID: 34178104 PMCID: PMC8210795 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Maerl beds are vital habitats for a diverse array of marine species across trophic levels, but they are increasingly threatened by human activities and climate change. Furthermore, little is known about the genetic diversity of maerl-forming species and the population structure of maerl beds, both of which are important for understanding the ability of these species to adapt to changing environments and for informing marine reserve planning. In this study, we used a whole genome genotyping approach to explore the population genomics of Phymatolithon calcareum, a maerl-forming red algal species, whose geographical distribution spans the north-east Atlantic, from Norway to Portugal. Our results, using 14,150 genome-wide SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms), showed that P. calcareum maerl beds across the north-east Atlantic are generally structured geographically, a pattern likely explained by low dispersal potential and limited connectivity between regions. Additionally, we found that P. calcareum from the Fal Estuary, south-west England, is genetically distinct from all other P. calcareum sampled, even from The Manacles, a site located only 13 km away. Further analysis revealed that this finding is not the result of introgression from two closely related species, Phymatolithon purpureum or Lithothamnion corallioides. Instead, this unique diversity may have been shaped over time by geographical isolation of the Fal Estuary maerl bed and a lack of gene flow with other P. calcareum populations. The genomic data presented in this study suggest that P. calcareum genetic diversity has accumulated over large temporal and spatial scales, the preservation of which will be important for maximizing the resilience of this species to changes in climate and the environment. Moreover, our findings underline the importance of managing the conservation of maerl beds across western Europe as distinct units, at a site-by-site level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom L. Jenkins
- Department of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Marie‐Laure Guillemin
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
- IRL EBEA 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, UC, UACH, Station Biologique de RoscoffSorbonne UniversitéRoscoffFrance
| | - Cornelia Simon‐Nutbrown
- Lyell Centre for Earth and Marine Science and TechnologyEdinburghUK
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and SocietyHeriot‐Watt UniversityEdinburghUK
- Royal Botanic Garden EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Heidi L. Burdett
- Lyell Centre for Earth and Marine Science and TechnologyEdinburghUK
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and SocietyHeriot‐Watt UniversityEdinburghUK
| | - Jamie R. Stevens
- Department of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Viviana Peña
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA)Universidade da Coruña, A CoruñaSpain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gilson AR, Smale DA, O'Connor N. Ocean warming and species range shifts affect rates of ecosystem functioning by altering consumer-resource interactions. Ecology 2021; 102:e03341. [PMID: 33709407 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Recent warming trends have driven widespread changes in the performance and distribution of species in many regions, with consequent shifts in assemblage structure and ecosystem functioning. However, as responses to warming vary across species and regions, novel communities are emerging, particularly where warm-affinity range-expanding species have rapidly colonized communities still dominated by cold-affinity species. Such community reconfiguration may alter core ecosystem processes, such as productivity or nutrient cycling, yet it remains unclear whether novel communities function similarly to those they have replaced, and how continued warming will alter functioning in the near future. Using simplified kelp forest communities as a model system, we compared rates of respiration, consumption and secondary productivity between current cold-affinity and future warm-affinity kelp assemblages under both present-day temperatures and near-future warming in a series of mesocosm experiments. Overall, respiration rates of gastropods and amphipods increased with warming but did not differ between cold and warm affinity kelp assemblages. Consumption rates of three consumers (urchin, gastropod and amphipod) differed between kelp assemblages but only amphipod consumption rates increased with warming. A diet derived from warm-affinity kelp assemblages led to a decrease in growth and biomass of urchins, whereas the response of other consumers was variable depending on temperature treatment. These results suggest that climate-driven changes in assemblage structure of primary producers will alter per capita rates of ecosystem functioning, and that specific responses may vary in complex and unpredictable ways, with some mediated by warming more than others. Understanding how differences in life history and functional traits of dominant species will affect ecological interactions and, in turn, important ecosystem processes is crucial to understanding the wider implications of climate-driven community reconfiguration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abby R Gilson
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, 1-33 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5AJ, UK
| | - Dan A Smale
- Marine Biological Association of the UK, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Nessa O'Connor
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, 1-33 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5AJ, UK
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Maulu S, Hasimuna OJ, Haambiya LH, Monde C, Musuka CG, Makorwa TH, Munganga BP, Phiri KJ, Nsekanabo JD. Climate Change Effects on Aquaculture Production: Sustainability Implications, Mitigation, and Adaptations. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.609097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture continues to significantly expand its production, making it the fastest-growing food production sector globally. However, the sustainability of the sector is at stake due to the predicted effects of climate change that are not only a future but also a present reality. In this paper, we review the potential effects of climate change on aquaculture production and its implications on the sector's sustainability. Various elements of a changing climate, such as rising temperatures, sea-level rise, diseases and harmful algal blooms, changes in rainfall patterns, the uncertainty of external inputs supplies, changes in sea surface salinity, and severe climatic events have been discussed. Furthermore, several adaptation options have been presented as well as some gaps in existing knowledge that require further investigations. Overall, climate change effects and implications on aquaculture production sustainability are expected to be both negative and positive although, the negative effects outweigh the positive ones. Adapting to the predicted changes in the short-term while taking mitigation measures in the long-term could be the only way toward sustaining the sector's production. However, successful adaptation will depend on the adaptive capacity of the producers in different regions of the world.
Collapse
|
19
|
Figueroa FL, Bonomi-Barufi J, Celis-Plá PSM, Nitschke U, Arenas F, Connan S, Abreu MH, Malta EJ, Conde-Álvarez R, Chow F, Mata MT, Meyerhoff O, Robledo D, Stengel DB. Short-term effects of increased CO2, nitrate and temperature on photosynthetic activity in Ulva rigida (Chlorophyta) estimated by different pulse amplitude modulated fluorometers and oxygen evolution. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:491-509. [PMID: 33064811 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Short-term effects of pCO2 (700-380 ppm; High carbon (HC) and Low carbon (LC), respectively) and nitrate content (50-5 µM; High nitrogen (HN) and Low nitrogen (LN), respectively on photosynthesis were investigated in Ulva rigida (Chlorophyta) under solar radiation (in-situ) and in the laboratory under artificial light (ex-situ). After six days of incubation at ambient temperature (AT), algae were subjected to a 4 °C temperature increase (AT+4 °C) for 3 d. Both in-situ and ex-situ maximal electron transport rate (ETRmax) and in situ gross photosynthesis (GP), measured by O2 evolution, presented highest values under HCHN, and lowest under HCLN, across all measuring systems. Maximal quantum yield (Fv/Fm), and ETRmax of photosystem (PS) II [ETR(II)max] and PSI [ETR(I)max], decreased under HCLN at AT+4 °C. Ex situ ETR was higher than in situ ETR. At noon, Fv/Fm decreased (indicating photoinhibition), whereas ETR(II)max and maximal non-photochemical quenching (NPQmax) increased. ETR(II)max decreased under AT+ 4 °C in contrast to Fv/Fm, photosynthetic efficiency (α ETR) and saturated irradiance (EK). Thus, U. rigida exhibited a decrease in photosynthesis under acidification, changing LN, and AT+4 °C. These results emphasize the importance of studying the interaction between environmental parameters using in-situ versus ex-situ conditions, when aiming to evaluate the impact of global change on marine macroalgae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix L Figueroa
- Malaga University. Institute of Blue Biotechnology and Development (IBYDA), Ecology department, Faculty of Sciences, Campus universitario de Teatinos s/n, Malaga, Spain
| | - Jose Bonomi-Barufi
- Botany department, Federal University of Santa Catarina. Campus Trindade s/n, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Paula S M Celis-Plá
- Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Research, Center of Advances Studies. University of Playa Ancha. Traslaviña, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Hub Ambiental UPLA, Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Postgrado e Innovación, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Udo Nitschke
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Francisco Arenas
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, Porto, Portugal
| | - Solene Connan
- CNRS, GEPEA, UMR6144, Boulevard de l'Université, CRTT BP, Saint Nazaire Cedex, France
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Lemar, Plouzane, France
| | | | - Erik-J Malta
- Centro IFAPA Agua del Pino, Crtra. El Rómpido - Punta Umbría, Cartaya (Huelva), Spain
| | - Rafael Conde-Álvarez
- Malaga University. Institute of Blue Biotechnology and Development (IBYDA), Ecology department, Faculty of Sciences, Campus universitario de Teatinos s/n, Malaga, Spain
| | - Fungyi Chow
- Department of Botany, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Mata
- Centro de Bioinnovación Antofagasta (CBIA), Faculty of Marine Sciences and Biological Resources, Antofagasta University, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - O Meyerhoff
- Heinz Walz GmbH Eichenring 6 - 91090 Effeltrich, Germany
| | - Daniel Robledo
- CIVESTAV-IPN, Unidad Mérida Km6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso Apartado Postal Cordemex, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Dagmar B Stengel
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Menaa F, Wijesinghe PAUI, Thiripuranathar G, Uzair B, Iqbal H, Khan BA, Menaa B. Ecological and Industrial Implications of Dynamic Seaweed-Associated Microbiota Interactions. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18120641. [PMID: 33327517 PMCID: PMC7764995 DOI: 10.3390/md18120641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are broadly distributed and represent an important source of secondary metabolites (e.g., halogenated compounds, polyphenols) eliciting various pharmacological activities and playing a relevant ecological role in the anti-epibiosis. Importantly, host (as known as basibiont such as algae)–microbe (as known as epibiont such as bacteria) interaction (as known as halobiont) is a driving force for coevolution in the marine environment. Nevertheless, halobionts may be fundamental (harmless) or detrimental (harmful) to the functioning of the host. In addition to biotic factors, abiotic factors (e.g., pH, salinity, temperature, nutrients) regulate halobionts. Spatiotemporal and functional exploration of such dynamic interactions appear crucial. Indeed, environmental stress in a constantly changing ocean may disturb complex mutualistic relations, through mechanisms involving host chemical defense strategies (e.g., secretion of secondary metabolites and antifouling chemicals by quorum sensing). It is worth mentioning that many of bioactive compounds, such as terpenoids, previously attributed to macroalgae are in fact produced or metabolized by their associated microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites). Eventually, recent metagenomics analyses suggest that microbes may have acquired seaweed associated genes because of increased seaweed in diets. This article retrospectively reviews pertinent studies on the spatiotemporal and functional seaweed-associated microbiota interactions which can lead to the production of bioactive compounds with high antifouling, theranostic, and biotechnological potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farid Menaa
- Department of Nanomedicine, California Innovations Corporation, San Diego, CA 92037, USA;
- Correspondence: or
| | - P. A. U. I. Wijesinghe
- College of Chemical Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, Rajagiriya 10107, Sri Lanka; (P.A.U.I.W.); (G.T.)
| | - Gobika Thiripuranathar
- College of Chemical Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, Rajagiriya 10107, Sri Lanka; (P.A.U.I.W.); (G.T.)
| | - Bushra Uzair
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Haroon Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;
| | - Barkat Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan;
| | - Bouzid Menaa
- Department of Nanomedicine, California Innovations Corporation, San Diego, CA 92037, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ji Y, Gao K. Effects of climate change factors on marine macroalgae: A review. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2020; 88:91-136. [PMID: 34119047 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Marine macroalgae, the main primary producers in coastal waters, play important roles in the fishery industry and global carbon cycles. With progressive ocean global changes, however, they are increasingly exposed to enhanced levels of multiple environmental drivers, such as ocean acidification, warming, heatwaves, UV radiation and deoxygenation. While most macroalgae have developed physiological strategies against variations of these drivers, their eco-physiological responses to each or combinations of the drivers differ spatiotemporally and species-specifically. Many freshwater macroalgae are tolerant of pH drop and its diel fluctuations and capable of acclimating to changes in carbonate chemistry. However, calcifying species, such as coralline algae, are very sensitive to acidification of seawater, which reduces their calcification, and additionally, temperature rise and UV further decrease their physiological performance. Except for these calcifying species, both economically important and harmful macroalgae can benefit from elevated CO2 concentrations and moderate temperature rise, which might be responsible for increasing events of harmful macroalgal blooms including green macroalgal blooms caused by Ulva spp. and golden tides caused by Sargassum spp. Upper intertidal macroalgae, especially those tolerant of dehydration during low tide, increase their photosynthesis under elevated CO2 concentrations during the initial dehydration period, however, these species might be endangered by heatwaves, which can expose them to high temperature levels above their thermal windows' upper limit. On the other hand, since macroalgae are distributed in shallow waters, they are inevitably exposed to solar UV radiation. The effects of UV radiation, depending on weather conditions and species, can be harmful as well as beneficial to many species. Moderate levels of UV-A (315-400nm) can enhance photosynthesis of green, brown and red algae, while UV-B (280-315nm) mainly show inhibitory impacts. Although little has been documented on the combined effects of elevated CO2, temperature or heatwaves with UV radiation, exposures to heatwaves during midday under high levels of UV radiation can be detrimental to most species, especially to their microscopic stages which are less tolerant of climate change induced stress. In parallel, reduced availability of dissolved O2 in coastal water along with eutrophication might favour the macroalgae's carboxylation process by suppressing their oxygenation or photorespiration. In this review, we analyse effects of climate change-relevant drivers individually and/or jointly on different macroalgal groups and different life cycle stages based on the literatures surveyed, and provide perspectives for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University/College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen, China; School of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Qingdao Technical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Kunshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University/College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Barrientos S, Barreiro R, Cremades J, Piñeiro-Corbeira C. Setting the basis for a long-term monitoring network of intertidal seaweed assemblages in northwest Spain. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 160:105039. [PMID: 32777665 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A distortion of coastal communities has been reported along the European Atlantic in recent years. In NW Spain, the lack of studies focusing on long-term changes was resolved when several common perennial seaweeds were shown to have diminished in occurrence between 1998/99 and 2014. To ascertain whether their decline reflected a genuine long-term trend, the same network of monitoring locations and the same set of perennial seaweeds was re-surveyed in 2018. Contrary to our expectations, the average number of species per site increased in semi-exposed and semi-sheltered locations to become statistically indistinguishable from 1998/99 estimates. Nevertheless, site occupancy rates continued to be below 1998/99 estimates for several seaweeds, and warming, both from rising average temperatures and from more frequent and intense marine heatwaves in autumn, seems a plausible explanation for their decline. The benefits of routinely monitoring a network of fixed stations, especially when they are subject to different levels of wave exposure, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Barrientos
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Rodolfo Barreiro
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Javier Cremades
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Cristina Piñeiro-Corbeira
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
McCoy SJ, Santillán-Sarmiento A, Brown MT, Widdicombe S, Wheeler GL. Photosynthetic Responses of Turf-forming Red Macroalgae to High CO 2 Conditions. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:85-96. [PMID: 31553063 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds are important components of near-shore ecosystems as primary producers, foundation species, and biogeochemical engineers. Seaweed communities are likely to alter under predicted climate change scenarios. We tested the physiological responses of three perennial, turf-building, intertidal rhodophytes, Mastocarpus stellatus, Osmundea pinnatifida, and the calcified Ellisolandia elongata, to elevated pCO2 over 6 weeks. Responses varied between these three species. E. elongata was strongly affected by high pCO2 , whereas non-calcified species were not. Elevated pCO2 did not induce consistent responses of photosynthesis and respiration across these three species. While baseline photophysiology differed significantly between species, we found few clear effects of elevated pCO2 on this aspect of macroalgal physiology. We found effects of within-species variation in elevated pCO2 response in M. stellatus, but not in the other species. Overall, our data confirm the sensitivity of calcified macroalgae to elevated pCO2 , but we found no evidence suggesting that elevated pCO2 conditions will have a strong positive or negative impact on photosynthetic parameters in non-calcified macroalgae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie J McCoy
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Drive, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306-4295, USA
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, Devon, PL1 3DH, UK
| | - Alex Santillán-Sarmiento
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, 4th Floor Davy Building, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, 80121, Napoli, Italy
- Faculty of Engineering, National University of Chimborazo, Av. Antonio José de Sucre Km 1 1/2 via Guano, EC 060108, Riobamba, Ecuador
| | - Murray T Brown
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, 4th Floor Davy Building, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Stephen Widdicombe
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, Devon, PL1 3DH, UK
| | - Glen L Wheeler
- Marine Biological Association of the UK, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mishra AK, Santos R, Hall-Spencer JM. Elevated trace elements in sediments and seagrasses at CO 2 seeps. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 153:104810. [PMID: 31733909 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Seagrasses often occur around shallow marine CO2 seeps, allowing assessment of trace metal accumulation. Here, we measured Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn levels at six CO2 seeps and six reference sites in the Mediterranean. Some seep sediments had elevated metal concentrations; an extreme example was Cd which was 43x more concentrated at a seep site than its corresponding reference site. Three seeps had metal levels that were predicted to adversely affect marine biota, namely Vulcano (for Hg), Ischia (for Cu) and Paleochori (for Cd and Ni). There were higher-than-sediment levels of Zn and Ni in Posidonia oceanica and of Zn in Cymodocea nodosa, particularly in roots. High levels of Cu were found in Ischia seep sediments, yet seagrass was abundant there, and the plants contained low levels of Cu. Differences in bioavailability and toxicity of trace elements helps explain why seagrasses can be abundant at some CO2 seeps but not at others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Mishra
- Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal; School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL48A, UK.
| | - R Santos
- Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - J M Hall-Spencer
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL48A, UK; Shimoda Marine Research Centre, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, 415-0025, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Qui-Minet ZN, Coudret J, Davoult D, Grall J, Mendez‐Sandin M, Cariou T, Martin S. Combined effects of global climate change and nutrient enrichment on the physiology of three temperate maerl species. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:13787-13807. [PMID: 31938482 PMCID: PMC6953553 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Made up of calcareous coralline algae, maerl beds play a major role as ecosystem engineers in coastal areas throughout the world. They undergo strong anthropogenic pressures, which may threaten their survival. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the future of maerl beds in the context of global and local changes. We examined the effects of rising temperatures (+3°C) and ocean acidification (-0.3 pH units) according to temperature and pH projections (i.e., the RCP 8.5 scenario), and nutrient (N and P) availability on three temperate maerl species (Lithothamnion corallioides, Phymatolithon calcareum, and Lithophyllum incrustans) in the laboratory in winter and summer conditions. Physiological rates of primary production, respiration, and calcification were measured on all three species in each treatment and season. The physiological response of maerl to global climate change was species-specific and influenced by seawater nutrient concentrations. Future temperature-pH scenario enhanced maximal gross primary production rates in P. calcareum in winter and in L. corallioides in both seasons. Nevertheless, both species suffered an impairment of light harvesting and photoprotective mechanisms in winter. Calcification rates at ambient light intensity were negatively affected by the future temperature-pH scenario in winter, with net dissolution observed in the dark in L. corallioides and P. calcareum under low nutrient concentrations. Nutrient enrichment avoided dissolution under future scenarios in winter and had a positive effect on L. incrustans calcification rate in the dark in summer. In winter conditions, maximal calcification rates were enhanced by the future temperature-pH scenario on the three species, but P. calcareum suffered inhibition at high irradiances. In summer conditions, the maximal calcification rate dropped in L. corallioides under the future global climate change scenario, with a potential negative impact on CaCO3 budget for maerl beds in the Bay of Brest where this species is dominant. Our results highlight how local changes in nutrient availability or irradiance levels impact the response of maerl species to global climate change and thus point out how it is important to consider other abiotic parameters in order to develop management policies capable to increase the resilience of maerl beds under the future global climate change scenario.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zujaila Nohemy Qui-Minet
- Sorbonne UniversitésCNRSUMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu MarinStation Biologique de RoscoffRoscoffFrance
| | - Jérôme Coudret
- Sorbonne UniversitésCNRSUMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu MarinStation Biologique de RoscoffRoscoffFrance
| | - Dominique Davoult
- Sorbonne UniversitésCNRSUMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu MarinStation Biologique de RoscoffRoscoffFrance
| | - Jacques Grall
- Université de Bretagne OccidentaleIUEMPlouzanéFrance
| | - Miguel Mendez‐Sandin
- Sorbonne UniversitésCNRSUMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu MarinStation Biologique de RoscoffRoscoffFrance
| | - Thierry Cariou
- Sorbonne UniversitésCNRS, FR2424Station Biologique de RoscoffRoscoffFrance
| | - Sophie Martin
- Sorbonne UniversitésCNRSUMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu MarinStation Biologique de RoscoffRoscoffFrance
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sordo L, Santos R, Barrote I, Silva J. Temperature amplifies the effect of high CO 2 on the photosynthesis, respiration, and calcification of the coralline algae Phymatolithon lusitanicum. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:11000-11009. [PMID: 31641450 PMCID: PMC6802031 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of ocean acidification (OA) and global warming is expected to have a significant effect on the diversity and functioning of marine ecosystems, particularly on calcifying algae such as rhodoliths (maërl) that form extensive beds worldwide, from polar to tropical regions. In addition, the increasing frequency of extreme events, such as heat waves, threatens coastal ecosystems and may affect their capacity to fix blue carbon. The few studies where the simultaneous effects of both temperature and CO2 were investigated have revealed contradictory results. To assess the effect that high temperature spells can have on the maërl beds under OA, we tested the short-time effects of temperature and CO2 on the net photosynthesis, respiration, and calcification of the recently described species Phymatolithon lusitanicum, the most common maërl species of southern Portugal. Photosynthesis, calcification, and respiration increased with temperature, and the differences among treatments were enhanced under high CO2. We found that in the short term, the metabolic rates of Phymatolithon lusitanicum will increase with CO2 and temperature as will the coupling between calcification and photosynthesis. However, under high CO2, this coupling will favor photosynthesis over calcification, which, in the long term, can have a negative effect on the blue carbon fixing capacity of the maërl beds from southern Portugal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sordo
- Marine Plant Ecology Research Group, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR)University of AlgarveFaroPortugal
- Portuguese Institute of Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA)OlhãoPortugal
| | - Rui Santos
- Marine Plant Ecology Research Group, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR)University of AlgarveFaroPortugal
| | - Isabel Barrote
- Marine Plant Ecology Research Group, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR)University of AlgarveFaroPortugal
| | - João Silva
- Marine Plant Ecology Research Group, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR)University of AlgarveFaroPortugal
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Piñeiro-Corbeira C, Barreiro R, Franco JN, Cremades J, Cunha J, Arenas F. Unexpected nutrient influence on the thermal ecophysiology of seaweeds that recently followed opposite abundance shifts. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 151:104747. [PMID: 31230707 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
World's oceans are warming, and recent studies suggest that the Iberian upwelling system may be weakening. To understand the potential consequences of both trends, six intertidal seaweeds that recently followed opposite upward and downward abundance shifts in the Iberian upwelling region were exposed for six weeks to conditions simulating present and warmed scenarios, combined with nutrient treatments emulating the influence and absence of the upwelling. Unlike expectations, a high nutrient supply did not ameliorate the effects of warming. Instead, warming slowed down growth in four seaweeds and accelerated the photosynthesis of downward seaweeds only if nutrients were abundant. In a weakened upwelling scenario, nutrient limitation might more strongly influence the performance of both upward and downward seaweeds than warming. With a normally functioning upwelling, warming might be more detrimental to the performance of some downward seaweeds as they might would lose their ability to benefit from the extra nutrient input.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Piñeiro-Corbeira
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Rodolfo Barreiro
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - João N Franco
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Javier Cremades
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jacinto Cunha
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Francisco Arenas
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kolzenburg R, Nicastro KR, McCoy SJ, Ford AT, Zardi GI, Ragazzola F. Understanding the margin squeeze: Differentiation in fitness-related traits between central and trailing edge populations of Corallina officinalis. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:5787-5801. [PMID: 31160999 PMCID: PMC6540663 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Assessing population responses to climate-related environmental change is key to understanding the adaptive potential of the species as a whole. Coralline algae are critical components of marine shallow water ecosystems where they function as important ecosystem engineers. Populations of the calcifying algae Corallina officinalis from the center (southern UK) and periphery (northern Spain) of the North Atlantic species natural distribution were selected to test for functional differentiation in thermal stress response. Physiological measurements of calcification, photosynthesis, respiration, growth rates, oxygen, and calcification evolution curves were performed using closed cell respirometry methods. Species identity was genetically confirmed via DNA barcoding. Through a common garden approach, we identified distinct vulnerability to thermal stress of central and peripheral populations. Southern populations showed a decrease in photosynthetic rate under environmental conditions of central locations, and central populations showed a decline in calcification rates under southern conditions. This shows that the two processes of calcification and photosynthesis are not as tightly coupled as previously assumed. How the species as whole will react to future climatic changes will be determined by the interplay of local environmental conditions and these distinct population adaptive traits. OPEN RESEARCH BADGES This article has earned an Open Materials Badge for making publicly available the components of the research methodology needed to reproduce the reported procedure and analysis. All materials are available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.899568.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katy R. Nicastro
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR)University of AlgarveFaroPortugal
| | - Sophie J. McCoy
- Department of Biological SciencesFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFlorida
| | - Alex T. Ford
- Institute of Marine SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK
| | - Gerardo I. Zardi
- Department of Zoology and EntomologyRhodes UniversityGrahamstownSouth Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ocean acidification impacts on coastal ecosystem services due to habitat degradation. Emerg Top Life Sci 2019; 3:197-206. [PMID: 33523154 PMCID: PMC7289009 DOI: 10.1042/etls20180117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions is changing seawater chemistry in a process known as ocean acidification. The chemistry of this rapid change in surface waters is well understood and readily detectable in oceanic observations, yet there is uncertainty about the effects of ocean acidification on society since it is difficult to scale-up from laboratory and mesocosm tests. Here, we provide a synthesis of the likely effects of ocean acidification on ecosystem properties, functions and services based on observations along natural gradients in pCO2. Studies at CO2 seeps worldwide show that biogenic habitats are particularly sensitive to ocean acidification and that their degradation results in less coastal protection and less habitat provisioning for fisheries. The risks to marine goods and services amplify with increasing acidification causing shifts to macroalgal dominance, habitat degradation and a loss of biodiversity at seep sites in the tropics, the sub-tropics and on temperate coasts. Based on this empirical evidence, we expect ocean acidification to have serious consequences for the millions of people who are dependent on coastal protection, fisheries and aquaculture. If humanity is able to make cuts in fossil fuel emissions, this will reduce costs to society and avoid the changes in coastal ecosystems seen in areas with projected pCO2 levels. A binding international agreement for the oceans should build on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal to 'minimise and address the impacts of ocean acidification'.
Collapse
|
30
|
Demes KW, Pruitt JN. Individuality in seaweeds and why we need to care. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2019; 55:247-256. [PMID: 30802959 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Documenting the causes and consequences of intraspecific variation forms the foundation of much of evolutionary ecology. In this Perspectives piece, we review the importance of individual variation in ecology and evolution, argue that contemporary phycology often overlooks this foundational biological unit, and highlight how this lack of attention has potentially constrained our understanding of seaweeds. We then provide some suggestions of promising but underrepresented approaches, for instance: conducting more studies and analyses at the level of the individual; designing studies to evaluate heritability and genetic regulation of traits; and measuring associations between individual variation in functional traits and ecological outcomes. We close by highlighting areas of phycological research (e.g., population biology, ecology, aquaculture, climate change management) that could benefit immediately from including a focus on individual variation. Algae, for their part, provide us with a powerful and diverse set of ecological and evolutionary traits to explore these topics. There is much to be discovered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W Demes
- Department of Institutional Strategic Awards, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, V5A 1S6
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Jonathan N Pruitt
- Department of Psychology, Neurobiology and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4K1
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, 93117, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chefaoui RM, Serebryakova A, Engelen AH, Viard F, Serrão EA. Integrating reproductive phenology in ecological niche models changed the predicted future ranges of a marine invader. DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M. Chefaoui
- Centre for Marine Sciences (CCMAR), CIMAR Laboratório Associado University of Algarve Faro Portugal
| | - Alexandra Serebryakova
- Centre for Marine Sciences (CCMAR), CIMAR Laboratório Associado University of Algarve Faro Portugal
- Lab. Adaptation & Diversité en Milieu Marin (UMR 7144) Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, CNRS Roscoff France
| | - Aschwin H. Engelen
- Centre for Marine Sciences (CCMAR), CIMAR Laboratório Associado University of Algarve Faro Portugal
| | - Frédérique Viard
- Lab. Adaptation & Diversité en Milieu Marin (UMR 7144) Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, CNRS Roscoff France
| | - Ester A. Serrão
- Centre for Marine Sciences (CCMAR), CIMAR Laboratório Associado University of Algarve Faro Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mooney KM, Beatty GE, Elsäßer B, Follis ES, Kregting L, O'Connor NE, Riddell GE, Provan J. Hierarchical structuring of genetic variation at differing geographic scales in the cultivated sugar kelp Saccharina latissima. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 142:108-115. [PMID: 30293661 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The cultivation of macroalgae for biofuels, food and fertilisers has increased dramatically in recent years. The demand for such algal-derived products means that large scale cultivation in coastal waters will become necessary to provide sufficient algal biomass. As part of the process of establishing new macroalgal farms, the potential for gene flow between cultivated specimens and natural populations needs to be taken into consideration. Consequently, in the present study we have used a combined population genetic and hydrodynamic modelling approach to determine potential levels and patterns of gene flow in the kelp Saccharina latissima. Microsatellite analysis of 14 populations sampled across the northern part of the Irish Sea indicated four distinct genetic clusters. These were consistent with dispersal patterns indicated by the particle tracking model and show a combination of isolation by distance and genetic structuring due to local hydrodynamic conditions. At smaller scales (less than a few 10s of km), gene flow appears to be fairly extensive, with evidence of local population connectivity due to local currents. At larger scales, however, factors such as freshwater efflux and open water would appear to represent barriers to gene flow. Together, these patterns suggest that factors other than simple geographical distance and proximity need to be taken into account when planning the siting of kelp farms with the aim of minimizing gene flow to and from natural populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Mooney
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Gemma E Beatty
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Björn Elsäßer
- DHI Water & Environment, Agern Allé 5, DK-2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Emily S Follis
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Louise Kregting
- School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Nessa E O'Connor
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Gillian E Riddell
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Jim Provan
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Biodiversity of Kelp Forests and Coralline Algae Habitats in Southwestern Greenland. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/d10040117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
All marine communities in Greenland are experiencing rapid environmental change, and to understand the effects on those structured by seaweeds, baseline records are vital. The kelp and coralline algae habitats along Greenland’s coastlines are rarely studied, and we fill this knowledge gap for the area around Nuuk, west Greenland. Using subtidal swath surveys, photo-quadrats, and grab samples, we characterised the diversity of floral and faunal assemblages in kelp forests and coralline algae beds. The most abundant herbivore assemblages and the most diverse communities occur in the interstitial habitats of rhodolith beds. In kelp forests, species diversity is higher in epi-benthic (photo-quadrat) and mid-water (swath) surveys. These habitats are not mutually exclusive; Agarum clathratum is prominent in coralline algal habitats, while crustose coralline algae cover the bedrock under kelp holdfasts. Overall, the suite of surveys used capture the diverse communities within kelp forests and coralline algae in Greenland and their differing role in the life history of the inhabitants. Furthermore, coralline algae beds are an important carbonate store, with CaCO3 concentrations ranging from 28.06 to 103.73 g·m−3. Our research sets the baseline for continued investigations and monitoring of these important habitats and their supported fisheries.
Collapse
|
34
|
Raven J. Blue carbon: past, present and future, with emphasis on macroalgae. Biol Lett 2018; 14:rsbl.2018.0336. [PMID: 30282745 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2018.0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blue carbon did not originally include macroalgal ecosystems; however evidence is mounting that macroalgal ecosystems function in marine carbon sequestration. The great majority of present day marine macroalgal net primary productivity (NPP) involves haptophytic algae on eroding shores. For these organisms the long-term storage of particulate organic carbon involves export from the site of production of biomass that has evaded parasites and grazers, and that some of the exported biomass is sedimented and stored rather than being mineralized en route by detritivores (microbes and fauna). Export from eroding shores, and subsequent storage, of haptophytic marine macroalgal particulate organic carbon could have started by 1.6 Ga. Storage on depositing shores close to the site of NPP by rhizophytic macroalgae and then by rhizophytic coastal seagrasses, tidal marshes and mangroves began not less than 209 Ma ago. Future increases in surface ocean temperatures may bring tropical marine macroalgae to their upper temperature limit, while temperate marine macroalgae will migrate poleward, in both cases assuming that temperature increases faster than genetic adaptation to higher temperature. Increased CO2 in the surface ocean will generally favour uncalcified over calcified marine macroalgae. This results in decreased CO2 release from decreased calcification, as well as decreased ballasting by CaCO3 of exported particulate organic carbon resulting in decreasing sedimentation. While much more work is needed, the available information suggests that macroalgae play a significant role in marine organic carbon storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Raven
- Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DQ, UK .,Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang Y, Wang T, Li H, Bao N, Hall-Spencer JM, Gao K. Rising levels of temperature and CO 2 antagonistically affect phytoplankton primary productivity in the South China Sea. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 141:159-166. [PMID: 30180993 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Coastal and offshore waters in the South China Sea are warming and becoming acidified due to rising atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), yet the combined effects of these two stressors are poorly known. Here, we carried out shipboard incubations at ambient (398 μatm) and elevated (934 μatm) pCO2 at in situ and in situ+1.8 °C temperatures and we measured primary productivity at two coastal and two offshore stations. Both warming and increased CO2 levels individually increased phytoplankton productivity at all stations, but the combination of high temperature and high CO2 did not, reflecting an antagonistic effect. Warming decreased Chl a concentrations in off-shore waters at ambient CO2, but had no effect in the coastal waters. The high CO2 treatment increased night time respiration in the coastal waters at ambient temperatures. Our findings show that phytoplankton assemblage responses to rising temperature and CO2 levels differ between coastal and offshore waters. While it is difficult to predict how ongoing warming and acidification will influence primary productivity in the South China Sea, our data imply that predicted increases in temperature and pCO2 will not boost surface phytoplankton primary productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Tifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Nanou Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jason M Hall-Spencer
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China; Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, University of Plymouth, United Kingdom; Shimoda Marine Research Centre, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kunshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Schoenrock KM, Bacquet M, Pearce D, Rea BR, Schofield JE, Lea J, Mair D, Kamenos N. Influences of salinity on the physiology and distribution of the Arctic coralline algae, Lithothamnion glaciale (Corallinales, Rhodophyta). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2018; 54:690-702. [PMID: 30079466 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In Greenland, free-living red coralline algae contribute to and dominate marine habitats along the coastline. Lithothamnion glaciale dominates coralline algae beds in many regions of the Arctic, but never in Godthåbsfjord, Greenland, where Clathromorphum sp. is dominant. To investigate environmental impacts on coralline algae distribution, calcification and primary productivity were measured in situ during summers of 2015 and 2016, and annual patterns of productivity in L. glaciale were monitored in laboratory-based mesocosm experiments where temperature and salinity were manipulated to mimic high glacial melt. The results of field and cold-room measurements indicate that both L. glaciale and Clathromorphum sp. had low calcification and photosynthetic rates during the Greenland summer (2015 and 2016), with maximum of 1.225 ± 0.17 or 0.002 ± 0.023 μmol CaCO3 · g-1 · h-1 and -0.007 ±0.003 or -0.004 ± 0.001 mg O2 · L-1 · h-1 in each species respectively. Mesocosm experiments indicate L. glaciale is a seasonal responder; photosynthetic and calcification rates increase with annual light cycles. Furthermore, metabolic processes in L. glaciale were negatively influenced by low salinity; positive growth rates only occurred in marine treatments where individuals accumulated an average of 1.85 ± 1.73 mg · d-1 of biomass through summer. These results indicate high freshwater input to the Godthåbsfjord region may drive the low abundance of L. glaciale, and could decrease species distribution as climate change increases freshwater input to the Arctic marine system via enhanced ice sheet runoff and glacier calving.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Schoenrock
- Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Gregory Building Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Marion Bacquet
- Université Quimper, 2 Rue de l'Université, 29000, Quimper, France
| | - Danni Pearce
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Brice R Rea
- Geography& Environment, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen, AB24 3UF, UK
| | - J Edward Schofield
- Geography& Environment, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen, AB24 3UF, UK
| | - James Lea
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Jane Herdman Building, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
| | - Doug Mair
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Jane Herdman Building, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
| | - Nicholas Kamenos
- Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Gregory Building Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pessarrodona A, Moore PJ, Sayer MDJ, Smale DA. Carbon assimilation and transfer through kelp forests in the NE Atlantic is diminished under a warmer ocean climate. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:4386-4398. [PMID: 29862600 PMCID: PMC6120504 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change is affecting carbon cycling by driving changes in primary productivity and rates of carbon fixation, release and storage within Earth's vegetated systems. There is, however, limited understanding of how carbon flow between donor and recipient habitats will respond to climatic changes. Macroalgal-dominated habitats, such as kelp forests, are gaining recognition as important carbon donors within coastal carbon cycles, yet rates of carbon assimilation and transfer through these habitats are poorly resolved. Here, we investigated the likely impacts of ocean warming on coastal carbon cycling by quantifying rates of carbon assimilation and transfer in Laminaria hyperborea kelp forests-one of the most extensive coastal vegetated habitat types in the NE Atlantic-along a latitudinal temperature gradient. Kelp forests within warm climatic regimes assimilated, on average, more than three times less carbon and donated less than half the amount of particulate carbon compared to those from cold regimes. These patterns were not related to variability in other environmental parameters. Across their wider geographical distribution, plants exhibited reduced sizes toward their warm-water equatorward range edge, further suggesting that carbon flow is reduced under warmer climates. Overall, we estimated that Laminaria hyperborea forests stored ~11.49 Tg C in living biomass and released particulate carbon at a rate of ~5.71 Tg C year-1 . This estimated flow of carbon was markedly higher than reported values for most other marine and terrestrial vegetated habitat types in Europe. Together, our observations suggest that continued warming will diminish the amount of carbon that is assimilated and transported through temperate kelp forests in NE Atlantic, with potential consequences for the coastal carbon cycle. Our findings underline the need to consider climate-driven changes in the capacity of ecosystems to fix and donate carbon when assessing the impacts of climate change on carbon cycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Pessarrodona
- The Citadel Hill LaboratoryMarine Biological Association of the United KingdomPlymouthUK
- Present address:
UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
| | - Pippa J. Moore
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
- Centre for Marine Ecosystems ResearchSchool of Natural SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWAAustralia
| | - Martin D. J. Sayer
- NERC National Facility for Scientific DivingScottish Association for Marine ScienceObanUK
| | - Dan A. Smale
- The Citadel Hill LaboratoryMarine Biological Association of the United KingdomPlymouthUK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ocean acidification drives community shifts towards simplified non-calcified habitats in a subtropical-temperate transition zone. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11354. [PMID: 30054497 PMCID: PMC6063920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29251-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rising atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide are causing surface seawater pH and carbonate ion concentrations to fall in a process known as ocean acidification. To assess the likely ecological effects of ocean acidification we compared intertidal and subtidal marine communities at increasing levels of pCO2 at recently discovered volcanic seeps off the Pacific coast of Japan (34° N). This study region is of particular interest for ocean acidification research as it has naturally low levels of surface seawater pCO2 (280–320 µatm) and is located at a transition zone between temperate and sub-tropical communities. We provide the first assessment of ocean acidification effects at a biogeographic boundary. Marine communities exposed to mean levels of pCO2 predicted by 2050 experienced periods of low aragonite saturation and high dissolved inorganic carbon. These two factors combined to cause marked community shifts and a major decline in biodiversity, including the loss of key habitat-forming species, with even more extreme community changes expected by 2100. Our results provide empirical evidence that near-future levels of pCO2 shift sub-tropical ecosystems from carbonate to fleshy algal dominated systems, accompanied by biodiversity loss and major simplification of the ecosystem.
Collapse
|
39
|
Teagle H, Moore PJ, Jenkins H, Smale DA. Spatial variability in the diversity and structure of faunal assemblages associated with kelp holdfasts (Laminaria hyperborea) in the northeast Atlantic. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200411. [PMID: 30001372 PMCID: PMC6042752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kelp species are ecologically-important habitat-formers in coastal marine ecosystems, where they alter environmental conditions and promote local biodiversity by providing complex biogenic habitat for an array of associated organisms. While it is widely accepted that kelps harbour significant biodiversity, our current understanding of spatiotemporal variability in kelp-associated assemblages and the key environmental drivers of variability patterns remains limited. Here we examined the influence of ocean temperature and wave exposure on the structure of faunal assemblages associated with the holdfasts of Laminaria hyperborea, the dominant habitat-forming kelp in the northeast Atlantic. We sampled holdfasts from 12 kelp-dominated open-coast sites nested within four regions across the UK, spanning ~9° in latitude and ~2.7° C in mean sea surface temperature. Overall, holdfast assemblages were highly diverse, with 261 taxa representing 11 phyla recorded across the study. We examined patterns of spatial variability for sessile and mobile taxa separately, and documented high variability between regions, between sites within regions, and between replicate holdfasts for both assemblage types. Mobile assemblage structure was more strongly linked to temperature variability than sessile assemblage structure, which was principally structured by site-level variability in factors such as wave exposure. Patterns in the structure of both biogenic habitat and associated assemblages did not vary predictably along a latitudinal gradient in temperature, indicating that other processes acting across multiple spatial and temporal scales are important drivers of assemblage structure. Overall, kelp holdfasts in the UK supported high levels of diversity, that were similar to other kelp-dominated systems globally and comparable to those recorded for other vegetated marine habitats (i.e. seagrass beds), which are perhaps more widely recognised for their high biodiversity value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harry Teagle
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, United Kingdom
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Pippa J. Moore
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
- Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, School of Natural Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Helen Jenkins
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Dan A. Smale
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sordo L, Santos R, Barrote I, Silva J. High CO 2 decreases the long-term resilience of the free-living coralline algae Phymatolithon lusitanicum. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:4781-4792. [PMID: 29876057 PMCID: PMC5980507 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mäerl/rhodolith beds are protected habitats that may be affected by ocean acidification (OA), but it is still unclear how the availability of CO 2 will affect the metabolism of these organisms. Some of the inconsistencies found among OA experimental studies may be related to experimental exposure time and synergetic effects with other stressors. Here, we investigated the long-term (up to 20 months) effects of OA on the production and calcification of the most common mäerl species of southern Portugal, Phymatolithon lusitanicum. Both the photosynthetic and calcification rates increased with CO 2 after the first 11 months of the experiment, whereas respiration slightly decreased with CO 2. After 20 months, the pattern was reversed. Acidified algae showed lower photosynthetic and calcification rates, as well as lower accumulated growth than control algae, suggesting that a metabolic threshold was exceeded. Our results indicate that long-term exposure to high CO 2 will decrease the resilience of Phymatolithon lusitanicum. Our results also show that shallow communities of these rhodoliths may be particularly at risk, while deeper rhodolith beds may become ocean acidification refuges for this biological community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sordo
- Marine Plant Ecology Research GroupCentre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR)University of AlgarveFaroPortugal
| | - Rui Santos
- Marine Plant Ecology Research GroupCentre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR)University of AlgarveFaroPortugal
| | - Isabel Barrote
- Marine Plant Ecology Research GroupCentre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR)University of AlgarveFaroPortugal
| | - João Silva
- Marine Plant Ecology Research GroupCentre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR)University of AlgarveFaroPortugal
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tew KS, Siao YJ, Liu PJ, Lo WT, Meng PJ. Taiwanese marine microbenthic algal communities remain similar yet chlorophyll a concentrations rise in mesocosms with elevated CO 2 and temperature. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 124:929-937. [PMID: 28669477 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of increasing CO2 concentrations and temperature on microalgal assemblages were examined in Taiwan using mesocosms that simulate coral reef ecosystem. We assessed changes in abundance and diversity of benthic algae grown at 25°C and 28°C, under ambient (~400μatm) and at high CO2 conditions (800-1000μatm). Total alkalinity, pCO2, and the aragonite saturation state, were all significantly different between control and high CO2 treatments in both temperature treatments. Chl a concentration increased significantly in CO2-treated groups at 25°C, but benthic microalgal abundance was not significantly different. The number of microalgal species and the microalgal community structure did not differ between control and CO2-treated groups at both temperatures. Our results suggest that increasing CO2 may boost benthic microalgal primary productivity if sufficient nutrients are available, although site-specific responses are difficult to predict.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K S Tew
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Taiwan; National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan.
| | - Y J Siao
- National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan
| | - P J Liu
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Taiwan; National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan.
| | - W T Lo
- National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan
| | - P J Meng
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Taiwan; National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Xu D, Schaum CE, Lin F, Sun K, Munroe JR, Zhang XW, Fan X, Teng LH, Wang YT, Zhuang ZM, Ye N. Acclimation of bloom-forming and perennial seaweeds to elevated pCO 2 conserved across levels of environmental complexity. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:4828-4839. [PMID: 28346724 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Macroalgae contribute approximately 15% of the primary productivity in coastal marine ecosystems, fix up to 27.4 Tg of carbon per year, and provide important structural components for life in coastal waters. Despite this ecological and commercial importance, direct measurements and comparisons of the short-term responses to elevated pCO2 in seaweeds with different life-history strategies are scarce. Here, we cultured several seaweed species (bloom forming/nonbloom forming/perennial/annual) in the laboratory, in tanks in an indoor mesocosm facility, and in coastal mesocosms under pCO2 levels ranging from 400 to 2,000 μatm. We find that, across all scales of the experimental setup, ephemeral species of the genus Ulva increase their photosynthesis and growth rates in response to elevated pCO2 the most, whereas longer-lived perennial species show a smaller increase or a decrease. These differences in short-term growth and photosynthesis rates are likely to give bloom-forming green seaweeds a competitive advantage in mixed communities, and our results thus suggest that coastal seaweed assemblages in eutrophic waters may undergo an initial shift toward communities dominated by bloom-forming, short-lived seaweeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Fan Lin
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ke Sun
- First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - James R Munroe
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Xiao W Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Fan
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin H Teng
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi T Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhi M Zhuang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Naihao Ye
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Celis-Plá PSM, Martínez B, Korbee N, Hall-Spencer JM, Figueroa FL. Photoprotective responses in a brown macroalgae Cystoseira tamariscifolia to increases in CO 2 and temperature. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 130:157-165. [PMID: 28764959 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and ocean acidification are increasingly affecting coastal ecosystems, with impacts that vary regionally depending upon local biogeography. Ocean acidification drives shifts in seaweed community dominance that depend on interactions with other factors such as light and nutrients. In this study, we investigated the photophysiological responses in the brown macroalgae species Cystoseira tamariscifolia (Hudson) Papenfuss with important structural role in the coastal Mediterranean communities. These algae were collected in the Cabo de Gata-Nijar Natural Park in ultraoligotrophic waters (algae exposed under high irradiance and less nutrient conditions) vs. those collected in the La Araña beach in oligotrophic waters (algae exposed at middle nutrient and irradiance conditions) in the Mediterranean Sea. They were incubated in mesocosms, under two levels of CO2; ambient (400-500 ppm) and high CO2 (1200-1300 ppm), combined with two temperatures (ambient temperature; 20 °C and ambient temperature + 4 °C; 24 °C) and the same nutrient conditions of the waters of the origin of macroalgae. Thalli from two sites on the Spanish Mediterranean coast were significantly affected by increases in pCO2 and temperature. The carotenoids (fucoxanthin, violaxanthin and β-carotene) contents were higher in algae from oligotrophic than that from ultraoligotrophic water, i.e., algae collected under higher nutrient conditions respect to less conditions, increase photoprotective pigments content. Thalli from both locations upregulated photosynthesis (as Fv/Fm) at increased pCO2 levels. Our study shows that ongoing ocean acidification and warming can increase photoprotection and photosynthesis in intertidal macroalgae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula S M Celis-Plá
- Laboratory of Costal Environmental Research, Centre of Advanced Studies, University of Playa Ancha, 2581782 Viña del Mar, Chile; Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain.
| | - Brezo Martínez
- Biodiversity and Conservation Unit, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 Mostoles, Spain
| | - Nathalie Korbee
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Jason M Hall-Spencer
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, UK; Shimoda Marine Research Centre, Tsukuba University, Japan
| | - Félix L Figueroa
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Raven JA, Beardall J, Sánchez-Baracaldo P. The possible evolution and future of CO2-concentrating mechanisms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3701-3716. [PMID: 28505361 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
CO2-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs), based either on active transport of inorganic carbon (biophysical CCMs) or on biochemistry involving supplementary carbon fixation into C4 acids (C4 and CAM), play a major role in global primary productivity. However, the ubiquitous CO2-fixing enzyme in autotrophs, Rubisco, evolved at a time when atmospheric CO2 levels were very much higher than today and O2 was very low and, as CO2 and O2 approached (by no means monotonically), today's levels, at some time subsequently many organisms evolved a CCM that increased the supply of CO2 and decreased Rubisco oxygenase activity. Given that CO2 levels and other environmental factors have altered considerably between when autotrophs evolved and the present day, and are predicted to continue to change into the future, we here examine the drivers for, and possible timing of, evolution of CCMs. CCMs probably evolved when CO2 fell to 2-16 times the present atmospheric level, depending on Rubisco kinetics. We also assess the effects of other key environmental factors such as temperature and nutrient levels on CCM activity and examine the evidence for evolutionary changes in CCM activity and related cellular processes as well as limitations on continuity of CCMs through environmental variations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A Raven
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
- Functional Plant Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Building 18, Clayton Campus, Vic 3800, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cornwall CE, Revill AT, Hall-Spencer JM, Milazzo M, Raven JA, Hurd CL. Inorganic carbon physiology underpins macroalgal responses to elevated CO 2. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46297. [PMID: 28417970 PMCID: PMC5394685 DOI: 10.1038/srep46297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Beneficial effects of CO2 on photosynthetic organisms will be a key driver of ecosystem change under ocean acidification. Predicting the responses of macroalgal species to ocean acidification is complex, but we demonstrate that the response of assemblages to elevated CO2 are correlated with inorganic carbon physiology. We assessed abundance patterns and a proxy for CO2:HCO3- use (δ13C values) of macroalgae along a gradient of CO2 at a volcanic seep, and examined how shifts in species abundance at other Mediterranean seeps are related to macroalgal inorganic carbon physiology. Five macroalgal species capable of using both HCO3- and CO2 had greater CO2 use as concentrations increased. These species (and one unable to use HCO3-) increased in abundance with elevated CO2 whereas obligate calcifying species, and non-calcareous macroalgae whose CO2 use did not increase consistently with concentration, declined in abundance. Physiological groupings provide a mechanistic understanding that will aid us in determining which species will benefit from ocean acidification and why.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E. Cornwall
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
- School of Earth Sciences, Oceans Institute, and ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | | | - Jason M. Hall-Spencer
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK
- Shimoda Marine Research Centre, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Marco Milazzo
- DiSTeM, CoNISMa, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - John A. Raven
- Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Invergowie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Catriona L. Hurd
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Olivé I, Silva J, Lauritano C, Costa MM, Ruocco M, Procaccini G, Santos R. Linking gene expression to productivity to unravel long- and short-term responses of seagrasses exposed to CO 2 in volcanic vents. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42278. [PMID: 28205566 PMCID: PMC5304229 DOI: 10.1038/srep42278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification is a major threat for marine life but seagrasses are expected to benefit from high CO2. In situ (long-term) and transplanted (short-term) plant incubations of the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa were performed near and away the influence of volcanic CO2 vents at Vulcano Island to test the hypothesis of beneficial effects of CO2 on plant productivity. We relate, for the first time, the expression of photosynthetic, antioxidant and metal detoxification-related genes to net plant productivity (NPP). Results revealed a consistent pattern between gene expression and productivity indicating water origin as the main source of variability. However, the hypothesised beneficial effect of high CO2 around vents was not supported. We observed a consistent long- and short-term pattern of gene down-regulation and 2.5-fold NPP decrease in plants incubated in water from the vents and a generalized up-regulation and NPP increase in plants from the vent site incubated with water from the Reference site. Contrastingly, NPP of specimens experimentally exposed to a CO2 range significantly correlated with CO2 availability. The down-regulation of metal-related genes in C. nodosa leaves exposed to water from the venting site suggests that other factors than heavy metals, may be at play at Vulcano confounding the CO2 effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Olivé
- CCMar-Centre of Marine Sciences, ALGAE - Marine Plant Ecology Research Group. Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - João Silva
- CCMar-Centre of Marine Sciences, ALGAE - Marine Plant Ecology Research Group. Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Monya M Costa
- CCMar-Centre of Marine Sciences, ALGAE - Marine Plant Ecology Research Group. Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Miriam Ruocco
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Rui Santos
- CCMar-Centre of Marine Sciences, ALGAE - Marine Plant Ecology Research Group. Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hargrave MS, Foggo A, Pessarrodona A, Smale DA. The effects of warming on the ecophysiology of two co-existing kelp species with contrasting distributions. Oecologia 2017; 183:531-543. [PMID: 27878385 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3776-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The northeast Atlantic has warmed significantly since the early 1980s, leading to shifts in species distributions and changes in the structure and functioning of communities and ecosystems. This study investigated the effects of increased temperature on two co-existing habitat-forming kelps: Laminaria digitata, a northern boreal species, and Laminaria ochroleuca, a southern Lusitanian species, to shed light on mechanisms underpinning responses of trailing and leading edge populations to warming. Kelp sporophytes collected from southwest United Kingdom were maintained under 3 treatments: ambient temperature (12 °C), +3 °C (15 °C) and +6 °C (18 °C) for 16 days. At higher temperatures, L. digitata showed a decline in growth rates and Fv/Fm, an increase in chemical defence production and a decrease in palatability. In contrast, L. ochroleuca demonstrated superior growth and photosynthesis at temperatures higher than current ambient levels, and was more heavily grazed. Whilst the observed decreased palatability of L. digitata held at higher temperatures could reduce top-down pressure on marginal populations, field observations of grazer densities suggest that this may be unimportant within the study system. Overall, our study suggests that shifts in trailing edge populations will be primarily driven by ecophysiological responses to high temperatures experienced during current and predicted thermal maxima, and although compensatory mechanisms may reduce top-down pressure on marginal populations, this is unlikely to be important within the current biogeographical context. Better understanding of the mechanisms underpinning climate-driven range shifts is important for habitat-forming species like kelps, which provide organic matter, create biogenic structure and alter environmental conditions for associated communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Hargrave
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Andrew Foggo
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Albert Pessarrodona
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Dan A Smale
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
McCoy SJ, Allesina S, Pfister CA. Ocean acidification affects competition for space: projections of community structure using cellular automata. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:20152561. [PMID: 26936244 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Historical ecological datasets from a coastal marine community of crustose coralline algae (CCA) enabled the documentation of ecological changes in this community over 30 years in the Northeast Pacific. Data on competitive interactions obtained from field surveys showed concordance between the 1980s and 2013, yet also revealed a reduction in how strongly species interact. Here, we extend these empirical findings with a cellular automaton model to forecast ecological dynamics. Our model suggests the emergence of a new dominant competitor in a global change scenario, with a reduced role of herbivory pressure, or trophic control, in regulating competition among CCA. Ocean acidification, due to its energetic demands, may now instead play this role in mediating competitive interactions and thereby promote species diversity within this guild.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie J McCoy
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK
| | - Stefano Allesina
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, 1101 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Catherine A Pfister
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, 1101 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Thiriet PD, Di Franco A, Cheminée A, Guidetti P, Bianchimani O, Basthard-Bogain S, Cottalorda JM, Arceo H, Moranta J, Lejeune P, Francour P, Mangialajo L. Abundance and Diversity of Crypto- and Necto-Benthic Coastal Fish Are Higher in Marine Forests than in Structurally Less Complex Macroalgal Assemblages. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164121. [PMID: 27760168 PMCID: PMC5070871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In Mediterranean subtidal rocky reefs, Cystoseira spp. (Phaeophyceae) form dense canopies up to 1 m high. Such habitats, called 'Cystoseira forests', are regressing across the entire Mediterranean Sea due to multiple anthropogenic stressors, as are other large brown algae forests worldwide. Cystoseira forests are being replaced by structurally less complex habitats, but little information is available regarding the potential difference in the structure and composition of fish assemblages between these habitats. To fill this void, we compared necto-benthic (NB) and crypto-benthic (CB) fish assemblage structures between Cystoseira forests and two habitats usually replacing the forests (turf and barren), in two sampling regions (Corsica and Menorca). We sampled NB fish using Underwater Visual Census (UVC) and CB fish using Enclosed Anaesthetic Station Vacuuming (EASV), since UVC is known to underestimate the diversity and density of the 'hard to spot' CB fish. We found that both taxonomic diversity and total density of NB and CB fish were highest in Cystoseira forests and lowest in barrens, while turfs, that could be sampled only at Menorca, showed intermediate values. Conversely, total biomass of NB and CB fish did not differ between habitats because the larger average size of fish in barrens (and turfs) compensated for their lower densities. The NB families Labridae and Serranidae, and the CB families Blenniidae, Cliniidae, Gobiidae, Trypterigiidae and Scorpaenidae, were more abundant in forests. The NB taxa Diplodus spp. and Thalassoma pavo were more abundant in barrens. Our study highlights the importance of using EASV for sampling CB fish, and shows that Cystoseira forests support rich and diversified fish assemblages. This evidence suggests that the ongoing loss of Cystoseira forests may impair coastal fish assemblages and related goods and services to humans, and stresses the need to implement strategies for the successful conservation and/or recovery of marine forests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre D. Thiriet
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, FRE 3729 ECOMERS, Parc Valrose 28, Nice, France
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7208 BOREA, Station Marine de Dinard—CRESCO, Dinard, France
| | - Antonio Di Franco
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, FRE 3729 ECOMERS, Parc Valrose 28, Nice, France
- CRIOBE, USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Perpignan, France
| | - Adrien Cheminée
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, FRE 3729 ECOMERS, Parc Valrose 28, Nice, France
- UMR 5110 CNRS/UPVD—CEFREM, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Paolo Guidetti
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, FRE 3729 ECOMERS, Parc Valrose 28, Nice, France
| | | | | | | | - Hazel Arceo
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, FRE 3729 ECOMERS, Parc Valrose 28, Nice, France
- Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Joan Moranta
- Estación de Investigación Jaume Ferrer, Maó, Menorca, Illes Balears, España
- Instituto Español de Ocenografía (IEO), Centre Oceanogràfic de les Balears, Moll de Ponent s/n, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pierre Lejeune
- STARESO, Station de Recherches Océanographiques et Sous-Marines, Calvi, France
| | - Patrice Francour
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, FRE 3729 ECOMERS, Parc Valrose 28, Nice, France
| | - Luisa Mangialajo
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, FRE 3729 ECOMERS, Parc Valrose 28, Nice, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, INSU-CNRS, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche sur mer, France
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Brodie J, Williamson C, Barker GL, Walker RH, Briscoe A, Yallop M. Characterising the microbiome of Corallina officinalis, a dominant calcified intertidal red alga. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 92:fiw110. [PMID: 27222222 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The living prokaryotic microbiome of the calcified geniculate (articulated) red alga, Corallina officinalis from the intertidal seashore is characterised for the first time based on the V6 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA. Results revealed an extraordinary diversity of bacteria associated with the microbiome. Thirty-five prokaryotic phyla were recovered, of which Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Firmicutes and Chloroflexi made up the core microbiome. Unclassified sequences made up 25% of sequences, suggesting insufficient sampling of the world's oceans/macroalgae. The greatest diversity in the microbiome was on the upper shore, followed by the lower shore then the middle shore, although the microbiome community composition did not vary between shore levels. The C. officinalis core microbiome was broadly similar in composition to those reported in the literature for crustose coralline algae (CCAs) and free-living rhodoliths. Differences in relative abundance of the phyla between the different types of calcified macroalgal species may relate to the intertidal versus subtidal habit of the taxa and functionality of the microbiome components. The results indicate that much work is needed to identify prokaryotic taxa, and to determine the nature of the relationship of the bacteria with the calcified host spatially, temporally and functionally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Brodie
- Department of Life Sciences, Genomics and Microbial Biodiversity, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7, 5BD, UK
| | - Christopher Williamson
- Department of Life Sciences, Genomics and Microbial Biodiversity, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7, 5BD, UK
| | - Gary L Barker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Rachel H Walker
- Department of Life Sciences, Genomics and Microbial Biodiversity, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7, 5BD, UK
| | - Andrew Briscoe
- Department of Life Sciences, Genomics and Microbial Biodiversity, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7, 5BD, UK
| | - Marian Yallop
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|