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Jarmukhanov Z, Mukhanbetzhanov N, Kozhakhmetov S, Nurgaziyev M, Sailybayeva A, Bekbossynova M, Kushugulova A. The association between the gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and heart failure. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1440241. [PMID: 39391607 PMCID: PMC11464299 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1440241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review explores the relationship between the gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and heart failure (HF), given the significant impact of TMAO on cardiovascular health. A systematic search and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed studies published from 2013 to 2024 were conducted, focusing on adult patients with heart failure and healthy controls. The review found that elevated levels of TMAO are associated with atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and increased cardiovascular disease risk, all of which can exacerbate heart failure. The analysis also highlights that high TMAO levels are linked to reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), further supporting TMAO's role as a biomarker in heart failure assessment. The findings suggest that interventions targeting gut microbiota to reduce TMAO could potentially benefit patients with heart failure, although further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of such approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zharkyn Jarmukhanov
- Laboratory of Microbiome, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurislam Mukhanbetzhanov
- Laboratory of Microbiome, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Samat Kozhakhmetov
- Laboratory of Microbiome, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Madiyar Nurgaziyev
- Laboratory of Microbiome, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Almagul Kushugulova
- Laboratory of Microbiome, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
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2
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Jang JW, Capaldi E, Smith T, Verma P, Varga J, Ho KJ. Trimethylamine N-oxide: a meta-organismal axis linking the gut and fibrosis. Mol Med 2024; 30:128. [PMID: 39180015 PMCID: PMC11344357 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00895-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue fibrosis is a common pathway to failure in many organ systems and is the cellular and molecular driver of myriad chronic diseases that are incompletely understood and lack effective treatment. Recent studies suggest that gut microbe-dependent metabolites might be involved in the initiation and progression of fibrosis in multiple organ systems. MAIN BODY OF THE MANUSCRIPT In a meta-organismal pathway that begins in the gut, gut microbiota convert dietary precursors such as choline, phosphatidylcholine, and L-carnitine into trimethylamine (TMA), which is absorbed and subsequently converted to trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) via the host enzyme flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) in the liver. Chronic exposure to elevated TMAO appears to be associated with vascular injury and enhanced fibrosis propensity in diverse conditions, including chronic kidney disease, heart failure, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, and systemic sclerosis. CONCLUSION Despite the high prevalence of fibrosis, little is known to date about the role of gut dysbiosis and of microbe-dependent metabolites in its pathogenesis. This review summarizes recent important advances in the understanding of the complex metabolism and functional role of TMAO in pathologic fibrosis and highlights unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woong Jang
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 650, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Emma Capaldi
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 650, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Tracy Smith
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 650, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Priyanka Verma
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Floor 3, Reception A, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - John Varga
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Floor 3, Reception A, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Karen J Ho
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 650, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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3
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Guivala SJ, Bode KA, Okun JG, Kartal E, Schwedhelm E, Pohl LV, Werner S, Erbs S, Thiele H, Büttner P. Interactions between the gut microbiome, associated metabolites and the manifestation and progression of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in ZSF1 rats. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:299. [PMID: 39143579 PMCID: PMC11325580 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is associated with systemic inflammation, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and gut microbiome changes. Increased trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels are predictive for mortality in HFpEF. The TMAO precursor trimethylamine (TMA) is synthesized by the intestinal microbiome, crosses the intestinal barrier and is metabolized to TMAO by hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMO). The intricate interactions of microbiome alterations and TMAO in relation to HFpEF manifestation and progression are analyzed here. METHODS Healthy lean (L-ZSF1, n = 12) and obese ZSF1 rats with HFpEF (O-ZSF1, n = 12) were studied. HFpEF was confirmed by transthoracic echocardiography, invasive hemodynamic measurements, and detection of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). TMAO, carnitine, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), and amino acids were measured using mass-spectrometry. The intestinal epithelial barrier was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, in-vitro impedance measurements and determination of plasma lipopolysaccharide via ELISA. Hepatic FMO3 quantity was determined by Western blot. The fecal microbiome at the age of 8, 13 and 20 weeks was assessed using 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing. RESULTS Increased levels of TMAO (+ 54%), carnitine (+ 46%) and the cardiac stress marker NT-proBNP (+ 25%) as well as a pronounced amino acid imbalance were observed in obese rats with HFpEF. SDMA levels in O-ZSF1 were comparable to L-ZSF1, indicating stable kidney function. Anatomy and zonula occludens protein density in the intestinal epithelium remained unchanged, but both impedance measurements and increased levels of LPS indicated an impaired epithelial barrier function. FMO3 was decreased (- 20%) in the enlarged, but histologically normal livers of O-ZSF1. Alpha diversity, as indicated by the Shannon diversity index, was comparable at 8 weeks of age, but decreased by 13 weeks of age, when HFpEF manifests in O-ZSF1. Bray-Curtis dissimilarity (Beta-Diversity) was shown to be effective in differentiating L-ZSF1 from O-ZSF1 at 20 weeks of age. Members of the microbial families Lactobacillaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae and Lachnospiraceae were significantly differentially abundant in O-ZSF1 and L-ZSF1 rats. CONCLUSIONS In the ZSF1 HFpEF rat model, increased dietary intake is associated with alterations in gut microbiome composition and bacterial metabolites, an impaired intestinal barrier, and changes in pro-inflammatory and health-predictive metabolic profiles. HFpEF as well as its most common comorbidities obesity and metabolic syndrome and the alterations described here evolve in parallel and are likely to be interrelated and mutually reinforcing. Dietary adaption may have a positive impact on all entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salmina J Guivala
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Konrad A Bode
- Department Molecular Diagnostics, Laboratory Dr. Limbach and Colleagues, Am Breitspiel 15, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen G Okun
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ece Kartal
- Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luca V Pohl
- Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Strümpellstrasse 89, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Werner
- Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Strümpellstrasse 89, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Erbs
- Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Strümpellstrasse 89, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Strümpellstrasse 89, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Petra Büttner
- Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Strümpellstrasse 89, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
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Tang WHW, Lemaitre RN, Jensen PN, Wang M, Wang Z, Li XS, Nemet I, Lee Y, Lai HTM, de Oliveira Otto MC, Fretts A, Sotoodehnia N, DiDonato JA, Bäckhed F, Psaty BM, Siscovick DS, Budoff MJ, Mozaffarian D, Hazen SL. Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Related Gut Microbe-Derived Metabolites and Incident Heart Failure Development in Community-Based Populations. Circ Heart Fail 2024; 17:e011569. [PMID: 39119698 PMCID: PMC11335438 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.124.011569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence indicates that trimethylamine N-oxide, a gut microbial metabolite of dietary choline and carnitine, promotes both cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease risk. It remains unclear how circulating concentrations of trimethylamine N-oxide and its related dietary and gut microbe-derived metabolites (choline, betaine, carnitine, γ-butyrobetaine, and crotonobetaine) affect incident heart failure (HF). METHODS We evaluated 11 768 participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis with serial measures of metabolites. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the associations between metabolites and incident HF, adjusted for cardiovascular disease risk factors. RESULTS In all, 2102 cases of HF occurred over a median follow-up of 15.9 years. After adjusting for traditional risk factors, higher concentrations of trimethylamine N-oxide (hazard ratio, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.09-1.20]; P<0.001), choline (hazard ratio, 1.44 [95% CI, 1.26-1.64]; P<0.001), and crotonobetaine (hazard ratio, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.16-1.32]; P<0.001) were associated with increased risk for incident HF. After further adjustment for renal function (potential confounder or mediator), these associations did not reach Bonferroni-corrected statistical significance (P=0.01, 0.049, and 0.006, respectively). Betaine and carnitine were nominally associated with a higher incidence of HF (P<0.05). In exploratory analyses, results were similar for subtypes of HF based on left ventricular ejection fraction, and associations appeared generally stronger among Black and Hispanic/Latino versus White adults, although there were no interactions for any metabolites with race. CONCLUSIONS In this pooled analysis of 2 well-phenotyped, diverse, community-based cohorts, circulating concentrations of gut microbe-derived metabolites such as trimethylamine N-oxide, choline, and crotonobetaine were independently associated with a higher risk of developing HF. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/; Unique identifiers: NCT00005133 and NCT00005487.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. H. Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Paul N. Jensen
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Meng Wang
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Xinmin S. Li
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ina Nemet
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Yujin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Myongji University, Yongin, South Korea 17055
| | - Heidi TM Lai
- Imperial College London, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Marcia C. de Oliveira Otto
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Houston, TX
| | - Amanda Fretts
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Joseph A. DiDonato
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Matthew J. Budoff
- Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, CA
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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5
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Han JM, Guo L, Chen XH, Xie Q, Song XY, Ma YL. Relationship between trimethylamine N-oxide and the risk of hypertension in patients with cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis and dose-response relationship analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36784. [PMID: 38181288 PMCID: PMC10766215 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota-dependent metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has recently been recognized to be one of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is a scarcity of data on the relationship between circulating TMAO levels and hypertension in patients with CVD. Meta analysis and a dose-response relationship were used in this study to assess the relationship between circulating trimethylamine N-oxide levels and the risk of hypertension in patients with CVD. METHODS CNKI, Wanfang Database, Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched up to June 01, 2023. Meta-analysis and dose-response analysis of relative risk data from prospective cohort studies reporting on the relationship between circulating TMAO levels and hypertension risk in patients with CVD were conducted. RESULTS Fifteen studies with a total of 15,498 patients were included in the present meta-analysis. Compared with a lower circulating TMAO level, a higher TMAO level was associated with a higher risk of hypertension in patients with CVD (RR = 1.14,95%CI (1.08, 1.20)). And the higher the TMAO level, the greater the risk of hypertension. The dose-response analysis revealed a linear dose-response relationship between circulating TMAO levels and the risk of hypertension in patients with CVD. The risk of hypertension increased by 1.014% when the circulating TMAO level increased by 1 μ mol/L. CONCLUSION In patients with CVD, the level of circulating TMAO is significantly related to the risk of hypertension. The risk of hypertension increased by 1.014% for every 1 μ mol/L increase in circulating TMAO levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Han
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Lu Guo
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Xian-Hui Chen
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Qian Xie
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Xiu-Ying Song
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yu-Lan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
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Usman I, Anwar A, Shukla S, Pathak P. Mechanistic Review on the Role of Gut Microbiota in the Pathology of Cardiovascular Diseases. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:13-39. [PMID: 38879769 DOI: 10.2174/011871529x310857240607103028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which stand as the primary contributors to illness and death on a global scale, include vital risk factors like hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking, to name a few. However, conventional cardiovascular risk factors offer only partial insight into the complexity of CVDs. Lately, a growing body of research has illuminated that the gut microbiome and its by-products are also of paramount importance in the initiation and progression of CVDs. The gastrointestinal tract houses trillions of microorganisms, commonly known as gut microbiota, that metabolize nutrients, yielding substances like trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), bile acids (BAs), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), indoxyl sulfate (IS), and so on. Strategies aimed at addressing these microbes and their correlated biological pathways have shown promise in the management and diagnosis of CVDs. This review offers a comprehensive examination of how the gut microbiota contributes to the pathogenesis of CVDs, particularly atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure (HF), and atrial fibrillation (AF), explores potential underlying mechanisms, and highlights emerging therapeutic prospects in this dynamic domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Usman
- Department of Pharmacy, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow Campus, U.P., 226010, India
| | - Aamir Anwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow Campus, U.P., 226010, India
| | - Shivang Shukla
- Department of Pharmacy, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow Campus, U.P., 226010, India
| | - Priya Pathak
- Department of Pharmacy, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow Campus, U.P., 226010, India
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Büttner P, Werner S, Böttner J, Ossmann S, Schwedhelm E, Thiele H. Systemic Effects of Homoarginine Supplementation on Arginine Metabolizing Enzymes in Rats with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14782. [PMID: 37834229 PMCID: PMC10572665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A restoration of low homoarginine (hArg) levels in obese ZSF1 rats (O-ZSF1) before (S1-ZSF1) and after (S2-ZSF1) the manifestation of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) did not affect the worsening of cardiac HFpEF characteristics. Here, potential regulation of key enzymes of arginine metabolism in other organs was analyzed. Arginase 2 (ARG2) was reduced >35% in the kidney and small intestine of hArg-supplemented rats compared to O-ZSF1. Glycine amidinotransferase (GATM) was 29% upregulated in the kidneys of S1-ZSF1. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) levels were reduced >50% in the livers of O-ZSF1 but restored in S2-ZSF1 compared to healthy rats (L-ZSF1). In the skeletal muscle, iNOS was lower in O-ZSF1 and further decreased in S1-ZSF1 and S2-ZSF1 compared to L-ZSF1. iNOS levels were lower in the liver of the S2-ZSF1 group but higher in the kidneys of S1-ZSF1 compared to L-ZSF1. Supplementation with hArg in an in vivo HFpEF model resulted in the inhibition of renal ARG2 and an increase in GATM expression. This supplementation might contribute to the stabilization of intestinal iNOS and ARG2 imbalances, thereby enhancing barrier function. Additionally, it may offer protective effects in skeletal muscle by downregulating iNOS. In the conceptualization of hArg supplementation studies, the current disease progression stage as well as organ-specific enzyme regulation should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Büttner
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, 04289 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Werner
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, 04289 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Böttner
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, 04289 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susann Ossmann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, 04289 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, 04289 Leipzig, Germany
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Yu W, Jiang Y, Xu H, Zhou Y. The Interaction of Gut Microbiota and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: From Mechanism to Potential Therapies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020442. [PMID: 36830978 PMCID: PMC9953339 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a disease for which there is no definite and effective treatment, and the number of patients is more than 50% of heart failure (HF) patients. Gut microbiota (GMB) is a general term for a group of microbiota living in humans' intestinal tracts, which has been proved to be related to cardiovascular diseases, including HFpEF. In HFpEF patients, the composition of GMB is significantly changed, and there has been a tendency toward dysbacteriosis. Metabolites of GMB, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids (BAs) mediate various pathophysiological mechanisms of HFpEF. GMB is a crucial influential factor in inflammation, which is considered to be one of the main causes of HFpEF. The role of GMB in its important comorbidity-metabolic syndrome-also mediates HFpEF. Moreover, HF would aggravate intestinal barrier impairment and microbial translocation, further promoting the disease progression. In view of these mechanisms, drugs targeting GMB may be one of the effective ways to treat HFpEF. This review focuses on the interaction of GMB and HFpEF and analyzes potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou 215000, China
- Institute for Hypertension, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou 215000, China
- Institute for Hypertension, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou 215000, China
- Institute for Hypertension, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Yafeng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou 215000, China
- Institute for Hypertension, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: 86-512-65955057
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9
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Crisci G, Israr MZ, Cittadini A, Bossone E, Suzuki T, Salzano A. Heart failure and trimethylamine N-oxide: time to transform a 'gut feeling' in a fact? ESC Heart Fail 2023; 10:1-7. [PMID: 36237140 PMCID: PMC9871667 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Crisci
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Via S Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy.,Italian Clinical Outcome Research and Reporting Program (I-CORRP), Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Muhammad Zubair Israr
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Groby road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Cittadini
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Via S Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy.,Italian Clinical Outcome Research and Reporting Program (I-CORRP), Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Eduardo Bossone
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Groby road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Salzano
- IRCCS Synlab SDN, Diagnostic and Nuclear Research Institute, Via E Gianturco 113, Naples, 80143, Italy
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10
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Li N, Zhou J, Wang Y, Chen R, Li J, Zhao X, Zhou P, Liu C, Song L, Liao Z, Wang X, Yan S, Zhao H, Yan H. Association between trimethylamine N-oxide and prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction and heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:3846-3857. [PMID: 35686339 PMCID: PMC9773708 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the association between trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and the prognosis and association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and TMAO-associated cardiovascular risk in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by heart failure (HF). METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 985 patients presenting with AMI and HF were consecutively enrolled at the Fuwai Hospital between March 2017 and January 2020. Patients were stratified into groups according to tertiles of TMAO levels and the median hsCRP levels. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE), including all-cause death, recurrence of myocardial infarction, and rehospitalization due to HF. During a median follow-up of 716 days, 138 (14.0%) patients experienced MACE. Cox regression analyses showed that the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for MACE was higher in patients in tertile 3 [TMAO > 9.52 μmol/L, HR: 1.85, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18-2.89; P = 0.007] than in tertile 1 (TMAO < 4.74 μmol/L), whereas no significant differences were detected between the patients in tertiles 1 and 2 (TMAO = 4.74-9.52 μmol/L, HR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.59-1.58; P = 0.874). Restricted cubic spline regression depicted an S-shaped association between TMAO and MACE (P for nonlinearity = 0.012). In the setting of hsCRP above the median level (6.68 mg/L), per unit increase of TMAO was associated with a 20% increase of MACE risk (HR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.05-1.37, P = 0.009); increasing tertiles of TMAO were significantly associated with a higher risk of MACE (adjusted P = 0.007 for interaction; P < 0.001 for trend across tertiles). The Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients in tertile 3 had a significantly lower event-free survival (P = 0.001) when the hsCRP level was above the median level. No similar association between TMAO and MACE was observed when the hsCRP level was below the median level. CONCLUSIONS High plasma TMAO levels were independently correlated with poor prognosis in patients with AMI complicated by HF, especially in those with higher hsCRP levels. There was an S-shaped relationship between TMAO and HR for MACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesPeking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jinying Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesPeking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesPeking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Runzhen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesPeking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesPeking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesPeking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesPeking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesPeking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Li Song
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesPeking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhiyong Liao
- Department of CardiologyFuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of CardiologyFuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Shaodi Yan
- Department of CardiologyFuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Hanjun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesPeking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hongbing Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesPeking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Department of CardiologyFuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, ShenzhenShenzhenChina
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11
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Lu X, Liu J, Zhou B, Wang S, Liu Z, Mei F, Luo J, Cui Y. Microbial metabolites and heart failure: Friends or enemies? Front Microbiol 2022; 13:956516. [PMID: 36046023 PMCID: PMC9420987 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.956516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF), a global health issue characterized by structural or functional cardiac dysfunction, which was found to be associated with the gut microbiome recently. Although multiple studies suggested that the gut microbiome may have an impact on the development of cardiovascular diseases, the underlying mechanism of the gut microbiome in HF remains unclear. The study of metabolites from gut microbiota influenced by dietary nutrition uptake suggested that gut microbiota may affect the process of HF. However, on the basis of the microbiota’s complicated roles and their interactions with metabolites, studies of microbial metabolites in HF had rarely been described so far. In this review, we focused on dietary nutrition-related factors that were involved in the development and progression of HF, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and bile acids (BAs), to summarize their advances and several potential targets in HF. From a therapeutic standpoint, we discussed microbial metabolites as a potential strategy and their applications in HF as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuwei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhifang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Fuyang Mei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Junxiang Luo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui, China
- Junxiang Luom,
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Cui,
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12
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The heart and gut relationship: a systematic review of the evaluation of the microbiome and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) in heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 2022; 27:2223-2249. [PMID: 35726110 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-022-10254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is an expanding body of research on the bidirectional relationship of the human gut microbiome and cardiovascular disease, including heart failure (HF). Researchers are examining the microbiome and gut metabolites, primarily trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), to understand clinically observed outcomes. This systematic review explored the current state of the science on the evaluation and testing of the gut biome in persons with HF. Using electronic search methods of Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science, until December 2021, we identified 511 HF biome investigations between 2014 and 2021. Of the 30 studies included in the review, six were 16S rRNA and nineteen TMAO, and three both TMAO and 16S rRNA, and two bacterial cultures. A limited range of study designs were represented, the majority involving single cohorts (n = 10) and comparing individuals with HF to controls (n = 15). Patients with HF had less biodiversity in fecal samples compared to controls. TMAO is associated with age, BNP, eGFR, HF severity, and poor outcomes including hospitalizations and mortality. Inconsistent across studies was the ability of TMAO to predict HF development, the independent prognostic value of TMAO when controlling for renal indices, and the relationship of TMAO to LVEF and CRP. Gut microbiome dysbiosis is associated with HF diagnosis, disease severity, and prognostication related to hospitalizations and mortality. Gut microbiome research in patients with HF is developing. Further longitudinal and multi-centered studies are required to inform interventions to promote clinical decision-making and improved patient outcomes.
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13
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Israr MZ, Zhan H, Salzano A, Voors AA, Cleland JG, Anker SD, Metra M, van Veldhuisen DJ, Lang CC, Zannad F, Samani NJ, Ng LL, Suzuki T. Surrogate markers of gut dysfunction are related to heart failure severity and outcome-from the BIOSTAT-CHF consortium. Am Heart J 2022; 248:108-119. [PMID: 35278373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contribution of gut dysfunction to heart failure (HF) pathophysiology is not routinely assessed. We sought to investigate whether biomarkers of gut dysfunction would be useful in assessment of HF (eg, severity, adverse outcomes) and risk stratification. METHODS A panel of gut-related biomarkers including metabolites of the choline/carnitine- pathway (acetyl-L-carnitine, betaine, choline, γ-butyrobetaine, L-carnitine and trimethylamine-N-oxide [TMAO]) and the gut peptide, Trefoil factor-3 (TFF-3), were investigated in 1,783 patients with worsening HF enrolled in the systems BIOlogy Study to TAilored Treatment in Chronic Heart Failure (BIOSTAT-CHF) cohort and associations with HF severity and outcomes, and use in risk stratification were assessed. RESULTS Metabolites of the carnitine-TMAO pathway (acetyl-L-carnitine, γ-butyrobetaine, L-carnitine, and TMAO) and TFF-3 were associated with the composite outcome of HF hospitalization or all-cause mortality at 3 years (hazards ratio [HR] 2.04-2.93 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.30-4.71] P≤ .002). Combining the carnitine-TMAO metabolites with TFF-3, as a gut dysfunction panel, showed a graded association; a greater number of elevated markers was associated with higher New York Heart Association class (P< .001), higher plasma concentrations of B-type natriuretic peptide (P< .001), and worse outcome (HR 1.90-4.58 [95% CI 1.19-6.74] P≤ 0.008). Addition of gut dysfunction biomarkers to the contemporary BIOSTAT HF risk model also improved prediction for the aforementioned composite outcome (C-statistics P≤ .011, NRI 13.5-21.1 [95% CI 2.7-31.9] P≤ .014). CONCLUSIONS A panel of biomarkers of gut dysfunction showed graded association with severity of HF and adverse outcomes. Biomarkers as surrogate markers are potentially useful for assessment of gut dysfunction to HF pathophysiology and in risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zubair Israr
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Hong Zhan
- Tellgen Corporation, Shanghai, China
| | - Andrea Salzano
- IRCCS SDN, Diagnostic and Nuclear Research Institute, Naples, Italy
| | - Adriaan A Voors
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - John G Cleland
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK), and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Metra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Institute of Cardiology, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Dirk J van Veldhuisen
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chim C Lang
- School of Medicine Centre for Cardiovascular and Lung Biology, Division of Medical Sciences, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Inserm CIC 1433, Université de Lorraine, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Leong L Ng
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK; The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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14
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Li D, Lu Y, Yuan S, Cai X, He Y, Chen J, Wu Q, He D, Fang A, Bo Y, Song P, Bogaert D, Tsilidis K, Larsson SC, Yu H, Zhu H, Theodoratou E, Zhu Y, Li X. Gut microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide and multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review and updated meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:230-243. [PMID: 35348578 PMCID: PMC9257469 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbiota-derived metabolite produced from dietary nutrients. Many studies have discovered that circulating TMAO concentrations are linked to a wide range of health outcomes. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to summarize health outcomes related to circulating TMAO concentrations. METHODS We searched the Embase, Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from inception to 15 February, 2022 to identify and update meta-analyses examining the associations between TMAO and multiple health outcomes. For each health outcome, we estimated the summary effect size, 95% prediction CI, between-study heterogeneity, evidence of small-study effects, and evidence of excess-significance bias. These metrics were used to evaluate the evidence credibility of the identified associations. RESULTS This umbrella review identified 24 meta-analyses that investigated the association between circulating TMAO concentrations and health outcomes including all-cause mortality, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes mellitus (DM), cancer, and renal function. We updated these meta-analyses by including a total of 82 individual studies on 18 unique health outcomes. Among them, 14 associations were nominally significant. After evidence credibility assessment, we found 6 (33%) associations (i.e., all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events, hypertension, DM, and glomerular filtration rate) to present highly suggestive evidence. CONCLUSIONS TMAO might be a novel biomarker related to human health conditions including all-cause mortality, hypertension, CVD, DM, cancer, and kidney function. Further studies are needed to investigate whether circulating TMAO concentrations could be an intervention target for chronic disease.This review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ as CRD42021284730.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doudou Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaxia Cai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan He
- National Research Institute for Health and Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Di He
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aiping Fang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yacong Bo
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peige Song
- School of Public Health and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Debby Bogaert
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kostas Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden,Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Huanling Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huilian Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- Address correspondence to XL (E-mail: )
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15
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Takami A, Kinugasa Y, Kamitani H, Nakamura K, Hirai M, Yanagihara K, Matsubara K, Kato M, Yamamoto K. Simple Score to Predict Treatment Response to Low-Dose Tolvaptan in Patients with Heart Failure. Int Heart J 2022; 63:247-254. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.21-558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Takami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | - Yoshiharu Kinugasa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | - Hiroko Kamitani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | - Kensuke Nakamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | - Masayuki Hirai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | - Kiyotaka Yanagihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | - Koichi Matsubara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | - Masahiko Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
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16
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Zou Y, Song X, Liu N, Sun W, Liu B. Intestinal Flora: A Potential New Regulator of Cardiovascular Disease. Aging Dis 2022; 13:753-772. [PMID: 35656118 PMCID: PMC9116925 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although substantial progress has been made in reducing the burden of the disease by preventing the risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD), potential risk factors still exist and lead to its progression. In recent years, numerous studies have revealed that intestinal flora can interfere with the physiological processes of the host through changes in composition and function or related metabolites. Intestinal flora thus affects the occurrence and development of a variety of CVDs, including atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure. Moreover, studies have found that interventions for intestinal flora and its metabolites provide new opportunities for CVD treatment. This article mainly discusses the interaction between the human intestinal flora and its metabolites, the occurrence and development of CVD, and the potential of intestinal flora as a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wei Sun
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Sun Wei () and Bin Liu (), Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Sun Wei () and Bin Liu (), Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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17
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Alam MJ, Puppala V, Uppulapu SK, Das B, Banerjee SK. Human microbiome and cardiovascular diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 192:231-279. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Kinugasa Y, Nakamura K, Kamitani H, Hirai M, Yanagihara K, Kato M, Yamamoto K. Trimethylamine N-oxide and outcomes in patients hospitalized with acute heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:2103-2110. [PMID: 33734604 PMCID: PMC8120352 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) is a metabolite derived from the gut microbiota. Elevated TMAO levels are associated with a poor prognosis in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. However, the prognostic effect of elevated TMAO levels on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains unclear. Methods and results We consecutively enrolled 146 patients who were hospitalized and discharged from Tottori University Hospital with the primary diagnosis of HFpEF (ejection fraction ≥ 50%). High TMAO levels were defined as those greater than the median value in the patients (20.37 μmol/L). Patients with high TMAO levels had a significantly higher prevalence of prior hospitalization for heart failure and severe renal dysfunction than those with low TMAO levels. They also had a significantly higher acylcarnitine to free carnitine ratio than those with low TMAO levels, which indicated abnormal fatty acid metabolism and relative carnitine deficiency. After adjustment for differences in the patients' background in multivariate analysis, high TMAO levels remained independently associated with a high incidence of the composite endpoints of death due to cardiac causes and hospitalization for heart failure (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 3.62; P < 0.05). There was a significant interaction between TMAO and nutritional status on the primary outcome, and the prognostic effect of TMAO was enhanced in patients with malnutrition. Conclusions Elevated TMAO levels at discharge are associated with an increased risk of post‐discharge cardiac events in patients with HFpEF, especially those with the complication of malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiharu Kinugasa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of MedicineTottori University36‐1 NishichoYonago683‐8504Japan
| | - Kensuke Nakamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of MedicineTottori University36‐1 NishichoYonago683‐8504Japan
| | - Hiroko Kamitani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of MedicineTottori University36‐1 NishichoYonago683‐8504Japan
| | - Masayuki Hirai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of MedicineTottori University36‐1 NishichoYonago683‐8504Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Yanagihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of MedicineTottori University36‐1 NishichoYonago683‐8504Japan
| | - Masahiko Kato
- Department of Pathobiological Science and Technology, School of Health Science, Major in Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of MedicineTottori UniversityYonagoJapan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of MedicineTottori University36‐1 NishichoYonago683‐8504Japan
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