1
|
Awan SF, Haque TT, Kubala SA. CRISPR screening reveals mechanisms of IgE+ B-cell constraint. Allergy 2022; 77:3163-3164. [PMID: 35708917 DOI: 10.1111/all.15409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seemal F Awan
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tamara T Haque
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie A Kubala
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou DR, Eid R, Miller KA, Boucher E, Mandato CA, Greenwood MT. Intracellular second messengers mediate stress inducible hormesis and Programmed Cell Death: A review. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:773-792. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
3
|
Ural AU, Avcu F. Additive/synergistic anti-tumoral effects of the combination of docetaxel and zoledronic acid on prostate cancer cells: possible mechanisms? Acta Oncol 2006; 45:491-2. [PMID: 16760189 DOI: 10.1080/02841860500492083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
4
|
Kozian D, Proulle V, Nitsche A, Galitzine M, Martinez MC, Schumann B, Meyer D, Herrmann M, Freyssinet JM, Kerbiriou-Nabias D. Identification of genes involved in Ca2+ ionophore A23187-mediated apoptosis and demonstration of a high susceptibility for transcriptional repression of cell cycle genes in B lymphoblasts from a patient with Scott syndrome. BMC Genomics 2005; 6:146. [PMID: 16242039 PMCID: PMC1312317 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-6-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2005] [Accepted: 10/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In contrast to other agents able to induce apoptosis of cultured cells, Ca2+ ionophore A23187 was shown to elicit direct activation of intracellular signal(s). The phenotype of the cells derived from patients having the hemorrhagic disease Scott syndrome, is associated with an abnormally high proportion of apoptotic cells, both in basal culture medium and upon addition of low ionophore concentrations in long-term cultures. These features are presumably related to the mutation also responsible for the defective procoagulant plasma membrane remodeling. We analyzed the specific transcriptional re-programming induced by A23187 to get insights into the effect of this agent on gene expression and a defective gene regulation in Scott cells. Results The changes in gene expression upon 48 hours treatment with 200 nM A23187 were measured in Scott B lymphoblasts compared to B lymphoblasts derived from the patient's daughter or unrelated individuals using Affymetrix microarrays. In a similar manner in all of the B cell lines, results showed up-regulation of 55 genes, out of 12,000 represented sequences, involved in various pathways of the cell metabolism. In contrast, a group of 54 down-regulated genes, coding for histones and proteins involved in the cell cycle progression, was more significantly repressed in Scott B lymphoblasts than in the other cell lines. These data correlated with the alterations of the cell cycle phases in treated cells and suggested that the potent effect of A23187 in Scott B lymphoblasts may be the consequence of the underlying molecular defect. Conclusion The data illustrate that the ionophore A23187 exerts its pro-apoptotic effect by promoting a complex pattern of genetic changes. These results also suggest that a subset of genes participating in various steps of the cell cycle progress can be transcriptionally regulated in a coordinated fashion. Furthermore, this research brings a new insight into the defect in cultured Scott B lymphoblasts, leading to hypothesize that a mutated gene plays a role not only in membrane remodeling but also in signal transduction pathway(s) leading to altered transcriptional regulation of cell cycle genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Detlef Kozian
- Aventis Pharma Germany (Sanofi-Aventis group), Therapeutic Department Thrombosis and Angiogenesis, Industriepark Hoechst, Building H831, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Valérie Proulle
- INSERM Unité 143, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Almut Nitsche
- Aventis Pharma Germany (Sanofi-Aventis group), Therapeutic Department Thrombosis and Angiogenesis, Industriepark Hoechst, Building H831, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marie Galitzine
- INSERM Unité 143, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marie-Carmen Martinez
- INSERM Unité 143, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut d'Hématologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67085 Strasbourg, France
| | - Beatrice Schumann
- Aventis Pharma Germany (Sanofi-Aventis group), Therapeutic Department Thrombosis and Angiogenesis, Industriepark Hoechst, Building H831, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dominique Meyer
- INSERM Unité 143, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Matthias Herrmann
- Aventis Pharma Germany (Sanofi-Aventis group), Therapeutic Department Thrombosis and Angiogenesis, Industriepark Hoechst, Building H831, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jean-Marie Freyssinet
- INSERM Unité 143, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut d'Hématologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67085 Strasbourg, France
| | - Danièle Kerbiriou-Nabias
- INSERM Unité 143, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ural AU, Yilmaz MI, Avcu F, Pekel A, Zerman M, Nevruz O, Sengul A, Yalcin A. The bisphosphonate zoledronic acid induces cytotoxicity in human myeloma cell lines with enhancing effects of dexamethasone and thalidomide. Int J Hematol 2004; 78:443-9. [PMID: 14704038 DOI: 10.1007/bf02983818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates have recently been introduced in the therapeutic armamentarium for long-term treatment of patients with multiple myeloma. These pyrophosphate analogs not only reduce the occurrence of skeletal events but also provide clinical benefit to patients and improve the survival of some of them. The existence of these capabilities raises the possibility that these compounds may have a direct antiproliferative effect on tumor cells. To investigate whether these drugs exert a direct antitumor effect, we exposed human myeloma cell lines ARH-77 and RPMI-8226 to increasing concentrations of zoledronic acid (ZOL) in vitro. A concentration- but not time-dependent cytotoxic effect was detected with drug treatment of ARH-77 and RPMI-8226 cell lines (30% and 60% at 48 hours and 38% and 62% at 72 hours, respectively, for 50 microM of ZOL). Cytotoxicity was not due to ZOL-induced chelation of extracellular calcium as shown by control experiments with the calcium chelator ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid. Addition of the competitive inhibitor of the nitric oxide synthase N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester did not modulate ZOL-induced cytotoxicity. However, a decrease in the number of apoptotic cells was detected when protein kinase C was inhibited by addition of staurosporine to ZOL-containing cultures. Cytotoxicity also was increased by addition of dexamethasone (Dex) and thalidomide (Thal) to ARH-77 and RPMI-8226 cultures. We demonstrated that exposing myeloma cell lines ARH-77 and RPMI-8226 to ZOL inhibits cell growth in a dose-dependent but not a time-dependent manner and that combination of Dex and Thal with ZOL induces apoptotic cell death, providing a rationale for potential applications in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ugur Ural
- Department of Hematology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Stoecklin G, Colombi M, Raineri I, Leuenberger S, Mallaun M, Schmidlin M, Gross B, Lu M, Kitamura T, Moroni C. Functional cloning of BRF1, a regulator of ARE-dependent mRNA turnover. EMBO J 2002; 21:4709-18. [PMID: 12198173 PMCID: PMC126184 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/cdf444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify regulators of AU-rich element (ARE)-dependent mRNA turnover we have followed a genetic approach using a mutagenized cell line (slowC) that fails to degrade cytokine mRNA. Accordingly, a GFP reporter construct whose mRNA is under control of the ARE from interleukin-3 gives an increased fluorescence signal in slowC. Here we describe rescue of slowC by a retroviral cDNA library. Flow cytometry allowed us to isolate revertants with reconstituted rapid mRNA decay. The cDNA was identified as butyrate response factor-1 (BRF1), encoding a zinc finger protein homologous to tristetraprolin. Mutant slowC carries frame-shift mutations in both BRF1 alleles, whereas slowB with intermediate decay kinetics is heterozygous. By use of small interfering (si)RNA, independent evidence for an active role of BRF1 in mRNA degradation was obtained. In transiently transfected NIH 3T3 cells, BRF1 accelerated mRNA decay and antagonized the stabilizing effect of PI3-kinase, while mutation of the zinc fingers abolished both function and ARE-binding activity. This approach, which identified BRF1 as an essential regulator of ARE-dependent mRNA decay, should also be applicable to other cis-elements of mRNA turnover.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Stoecklin
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, 4003 Basel, Switzerland and Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Present address: Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Marco Colombi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, 4003 Basel, Switzerland and Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Present address: Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Ines Raineri
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, 4003 Basel, Switzerland and Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Present address: Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Sabrina Leuenberger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, 4003 Basel, Switzerland and Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Present address: Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Michel Mallaun
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, 4003 Basel, Switzerland and Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Present address: Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Martin Schmidlin
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, 4003 Basel, Switzerland and Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Present address: Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Brigitte Gross
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, 4003 Basel, Switzerland and Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Present address: Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Min Lu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, 4003 Basel, Switzerland and Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Present address: Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Toshio Kitamura
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, 4003 Basel, Switzerland and Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Present address: Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Christoph Moroni
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, 4003 Basel, Switzerland and Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Present address: Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Corresponding author e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jung YS, Kim KS, Kim KD, Lim JS, Kim JW, Kim E. Apoptosis-linked gene 2 binds to the death domain of Fas and dissociates from Fas during Fas-mediated apoptosis in Jurkat cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 288:420-6. [PMID: 11606059 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis-linked gene 2 (ALG-2) is a member of the family of Ca(2+)-binding proteins with penta-EF-hand and is essential for the execution of apoptosis by various signals including Fas activation. We studied the regulation of ALG-2 during Fas-mediated apoptosis in Jurkat cells. The 22-kDa ALG-2 protein is cleaved and becomes a 19-kDa protein after Fas activation. The appearance of 19-kDa ALG-2 protein increases for 4 h after treatment with 200 ng/ml of anti-Fas Ab treatment and gradually degrades afterward. Confocal microscopic analysis showed that ALG-2 translocated from the plasma membrane to the cytosol during Fas-mediated apoptosis. Therefore, we examined if ALG-2 interacts with Fas. The protein-protein interaction of ALG-2 with Fas was demonstrated using yeast two-hybrid assays as well as in vitro GST pull-down assay. Endogenous ALG-2 was immunoprecipitated with anti-Fas Ab in Jurkat cells without Fas activation. However, the endogenous ALG-2 was no longer immunoprecipitated with anti-Fas Ab 2 h after anti-Fas Ab treatment. This study, for the first time, presents a direct molecular connection of ALG-2 to apoptosis by its direct interaction with Fas, and enlists ALG-2 as a new member of posttranslationally modified proteins during Fas-mediated apoptotic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y S Jung
- Research Center for Biomedicinal Resources and Division of Life Science, PaiChai University, Taejon, Korea 302-735
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ning ZQ, Li J, Arceci RJ. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation is required for Asp816 mutant c-Kit–mediated cytokine-independent survival and proliferation in human leukemia cells. Blood 2001; 97:3559-67. [PMID: 11369651 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v97.11.3559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations of c-kit at codon 816 (Asp816) have been implicated in a variety of malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The mutant c-Kit receptor confers cytokine-independent survival of leukemia cells and induces tumorigenicity. Changes in the signal transduction pathways responsible for Asp816 mutant c-Kit–mediated biologic effects are largely undefined. The results of this study show that Asp816 mutant c-Kit induces constitutive activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and STAT1, and up-regulates STAT3 downstream targets, Bcl-xL and c-myc. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI-3K)/Akt pathway, but not the Ras-mediated mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway, is also constitutively activated by Asp816 mutant c-Kit. Suppression of STAT3 activation by a dominant negative molecule in MO7e leukemia cells transduced with mutant c-kit inhibits stem cell factor (SCF)-independent survival and proliferation, accompanied by the down-regulation of Bcl-xL and c-myc. However, activated STAT3 does not appear to be the sole mediator that is responsible for the phenotypic changes induced by Asp816 mutant c-Kit, because expression of constitutively activated STAT3 in MO7e cells does not completely reconstitute cytokine independence. Activation of other signaling components by mutant c-Kit, such as those in the PI-3K/Akt pathway, is demonstrated and may also be needed for the mutant c-Kit–mediated biologic effects. The investigation of altered signal transduction pathways and the resulting functional consequences mediated by Asp816 mutant c-Kit should provide important information for the characterization of subsets of leukemia and potential molecular pathways for therapeutic targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Q Ning
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ning ZQ, Li J, Arceci RJ. Activating mutations of c-kit at codon 816 confer drug resistance in human leukemia cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2001; 41:513-22. [PMID: 11378569 DOI: 10.3109/10428190109060342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
An improved understanding of how leukemia cells grow and become resistant to treatment remains critical for developing more effective therapies. We have identified activating mutations of c-kit at codon 816 (Asp(816) ) from a revertant of the cytokine-dependent acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line, MO7e (D816H), and de novo childhood AML (D816N). Following transduction of the mutant c-kit cDNAs, MO7e cells acquire a growth advantage and resistance to apoptosis in response to chemotherapeutic drugs and ionizing radiation, in addition to cytokine-independent survival. Although stimulation of mutant c-kit-bearing MO7e cells with stem cell factor (SCF), a ligand for c-Kit, does not have a significant effect on cell proliferation, SCF further inhibits apoptosis induced by cytotoxic agents. These results suggest a potentially important role of Asp(816) mutations of c-kit in both malignant cell proliferation and resistance to therapy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Apoptosis/radiation effects
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Division/genetics
- Child
- Codon/genetics
- Cytokines/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia/drug therapy
- Leukemia/genetics
- Leukemia/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/etiology
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/pharmacology
- Stem Cell Factor/drug effects
- Transduction, Genetic
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/radiation effects
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Q Ning
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang ZW, Patchett SE, Farthing MJ. Topoisomerase I inhibitor (camptothecin)-induced apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells and the role of wild-type p53 in the enhancement of its cytotoxicity. Anticancer Drugs 2000; 11:757-64. [PMID: 11129739 DOI: 10.1097/00001813-200010000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT), a human topoisomerase I inhibitor, blocks DNA replication in human cancer cells. It represents a promising new class of chemotherapeutic agents with broad anti-tumor activity. However, its effect on gastric cancer cells remains unknown. We examined cell growth, apoptosis and cell cycle phase distribution in gastric cancer cells by exposing these cells to CPT for up to 72 h. Cell viability was determined by the Trypan blue exclusion assay. Cell cycle phase distribution and apoptosis were measured using flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy and DNA ladder assay. Exposure of exponentially growing gastric AGS cancer cells to CPT induced time-dependent apoptosis and growth inhibition. Serum starvation-synchronized AGS cells (about 60% cells in G0/G1 phase) showed similar cellular responses. Analysis of cell cycle phase distribution of AGS cells treated with CPT for up to 72 h showed no obvious differences compared to untreated control cells. Although the induction of apoptosis was noticed in gastric cancer cell lines both with and without p53, cells lacking p53 showed less apoptosis compared to those cell lines possessing p53. Our data show that CPT is capable of inducing gastric cancer cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. Wild-type p53 may enhance the cytotoxicity of CPT against gastric carcinoma.
Collapse
|
11
|
Gwag BJ, Canzoniero LM, Sensi SL, Demaro JA, Koh JY, Goldberg MP, Jacquin M, Choi DW. Calcium ionophores can induce either apoptosis or necrosis in cultured cortical neurons. Neuroscience 1999; 90:1339-48. [PMID: 10338301 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00508-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cultured cortical neurons exposed for 24 h to low concentrations of the Ca2+ ionophores, ionomycin (250 nM) or A-23187 (100 nM), underwent apoptosis, accompanied by early degeneration of neurites, cell body shrinkage, chromatin condensation and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. This death could be blocked by protein synthesis inhibitors, as well as by the growth factors brain-derived neurotrophic factor or insulin-like growth factor I. If the ionomycin concentration was increased to 1-3 microM, then neurons underwent necrosis, accompanied by early cell body swelling without DNA laddering, or sensitivity to cycloheximide or growth factors. Calcium imaging with Fura-2 suggested a possible basis for the differential effects of low and high concentrations of ionomycin. At low concentrations, ionomycin induced greater increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration in neurites than in neuronal cell bodies, whereas at high concentrations, ionomycin produced large increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration in both neurites and cell bodies. We hypothesize that the ability of low concentrations of Ca2+ ionophores to raise intracellular Ca2+ concentration preferentially in neurites caused early neurite degeneration, leading to loss of growth factor availability to the cell body and consequent apoptosis, whereas high concentrations of ionophores produced global cellular Ca2+ overload and consequent necrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B J Gwag
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyungkido, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Mouse lymphoid cell cultures are dependent on reducing agents in their culture medium to allow proliferation and survival of the cells. In the case of the mouse CD5+-pre-B cell line SPGM-1, withdrawal of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) resulted in rapid inhibition of proliferation and subsequent cell death by apoptosis. The pathways leading to cell death by withdrawal of 2-ME or by incubation with ionomycin, a known inducer of apoptosis, were compared. Both kinds of stimulation resulted in apoptosis of the whole population, but cell death occurred with different kinetics. Only apoptosis induced by ionomycin was inhibited by coincubation with the phorbol ester PMA, while apoptosis induced by withdrawal of 2-ME was not. Overexpression of the human bcl-2 proto-oncogene in these cells delayed the death process induced by either method. SPGM-1xbcl-2 cells accumulated in the G0/G1 and G2/M cell cycle phases after removal of 2-ME from the medium, whereas treatment with ionomycin resulted in an arrest only in the G0/G1 transition. Interestingly, both stimuli induced the expression of the Fas receptor, but with different kinetics, while the Fas ligand (FasL) was expressed constitutively in SPGM-1 cells. These data demonstrate that withdrawal of 2-ME and incubation with ionomycin both induce rapid cell death by apoptosis, possibly mediated by an autocrine Fas/FasL loop. Although the initial pathways activated by the two forms of treatment must be different, they converge on a common level controlled by the anti-apoptotic gene product Bcl-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Neumann
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Pharmacology, Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Asaga H, Yamada M, Senshu T. Selective deimination of vimentin in calcium ionophore-induced apoptosis of mouse peritoneal macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 243:641-6. [PMID: 9500980 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We found citrulline-containing proteins in mouse peritoneal macrophages undergoing calcium ionophore-induced apoptosis. Such proteins were products of deimination of arginine residues catalyzed by endogenous peptidylarginine deiminase (EC 3.5.3.15) activated by calcium influx. Western blotting analyses of the extract from macrophages incubated with 1 microM ionomycin showed selective deimination of vimentin without detectable degradation. Double immunofluorescence staining of deiminated proteins and vimentin suggested localization of deiminated vimentin around the periphery of round-shaped nucleus, which was thought to be an early morphological sign of apoptosis. The biological implication of vimentin deimination in macrophage apoptosis is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Asaga
- Department of Cell Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ning ZQ, Norton JD, Li J, Murphy JJ. Distinct mechanisms for rescue from apoptosis in Ramos human B cells by signaling through CD40 and interleukin-4 receptor: role for inhibition of an early response gene, Berg36. Eur J Immunol 1996; 26:2356-63. [PMID: 8898945 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830261013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The role of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and CD40 signaling in negative regulation of apoptosis in human Ramos B cells induced in response to different agents was investigated. CD40 ligation protected cells from apoptosis induced by calcium ionophore through an initial, rapid and apparently Bcl-2-independent mechanism, associated with up-regulation of Bcl-XL. However, rescue from apoptosis induced by inhibition of macromolecular synthesis required several hours of prior stimulation with CD40 ligand/antibody and was accompanied by up-regulation of Bcl-2. In contrast, IL-4 did not up-regulate Bcl-2 or Bcl-XL and did not inhibit apoptosis induced by inhibitors of macromolecular synthesis. However, IL-4 did protect Ramos cells from apoptosis induced by calcium ionophore and this effect was accompanied by inhibition of ionophore-induced expression of an immediate early gene encoding a 36-kDa zinc-finger protein, Berg36. Antisense blockade of Berg36 expression partially inhibited ionophore-induced apoptosis to an extent commensurate with the level of IL-4 protection, implicating Berg36 function as a requirement for apoptosis induced through calcium signaling and as a target for IL-4 through which this cytokine inhibits apoptosis in Ramos B cells. These distinct mechanisms for rescue from apoptosis by CD40 and IL-4 may help explain the co-operative roles of these T cell-derived signals for B cell survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Q Ning
- Infection and Immunity Research group, King's College London, GB
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Schieven GL, Wahl AF, Myrdal S, Grosmaire L, Ledbetter JA. Lineage-specific induction of B cell apoptosis and altered signal transduction by the phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitor bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV). J Biol Chem 1995; 270:20824-31. [PMID: 7657667 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.35.20824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is known to play key roles in lymphocyte signal transduction, and phosphotyrosine phosphatases (PTP) can act as both positive and negative regulators of these lymphocyte signals. We sought to examine the role of PTP further in these processes by characterizing the effects of bis(maltolato)-oxovanadium(IV) (BMLOV), previously known to be a nontoxic insulin mimetic agent in vivo. BMLOV was found to be a potent phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitor. BMLOV induced cellular tyrosine phosphorylation in B cells in a pattern similar to that observed following antigen receptor stimulation, whereas little tyrosine phosphorylation was induced in T cells. In B cells, BMLOV treatment resulted in tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk and phospholipase C gamma 2, while sIgM-induced signals were inhibited. By contrast, T cell receptor signals were moderately increased by BMLOV, and the cells displayed greater induction of IL-2 receptor without toxicity. The compound selectively induced apoptosis in B cell lymphoma and myeloid leukemia cell lines, but not in T cell leukemia or colon carcinoma cells. Interleukin-4 plus anti-CD40 antibody treatment of normal human peripheral B cells rescued the cells from BMLOV-induced death. These results suggest that phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitors can activate B cell signal pathways in a lineage-specific manner, resulting in desensitization of receptor-mediated signaling and induction of apoptosis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/cytology
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Immunoglobulin M/physiology
- Kinetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute
- Leukemia, T-Cell
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphoma, B-Cell
- Mice
- Phospholipases/metabolism
- Phytohemagglutinins
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Proteins/metabolism
- Pyrones/pharmacology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/drug effects
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/physiology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/drug effects
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/physiology
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- TYK2 Kinase
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vanadates/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G L Schieven
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98121, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li WC, Kuszak JR, Wang GM, Wu ZQ, Spector A. Calcimycin-induced lens epithelial cell apoptosis contributes to cataract formation. Exp Eye Res 1995; 61:91-8. [PMID: 7556474 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-4835(95)80062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that calcimycin induces cataract in organ culture. To investigate the mechanism of this induction, the viability of lens epithelial cells in calcimycin (calcium ionophore, A23187)-treated rat lenses were examined. During incubation of lenses with 5 microM calcimycin, apoptotic epithelial cells were found after a 2-hr treatment as determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) labeling. The percentage of apoptotic cells quickly rose as the incubation time increased. After a 12-hr incubation, more than 60% of the lens epithelial cells underwent apoptosis. Prolonged c-fos expression, previously shown to be an indicator of programmed cell death, was also observed during this treatment. DNA fragmentation assays further confirmed that the TdT labeled cells were indeed apoptotic. Under the same incubation conditions, the cultured lenses gradually lost transparency and became completely opaque in about 30 hr. Since the vertebrate lens contains only a single layer of epithelial cells, apoptotic death of these cells activated by calcimycin quickly destroys the lens epithelium, impairs homeostasis of the underlying fiber cells and initiates development of lens opacification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W C Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kojima H, Newton-Nash D, Weiss HJ, Zhao J, Sims PJ, Wiedmer T. Production and characterization of transformed B-lymphocytes expressing the membrane defect of Scott syndrome. J Clin Invest 1994; 94:2237-44. [PMID: 7989579 PMCID: PMC330050 DOI: 10.1172/jci117586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Scott syndrome is a bleeding disorder associated with an isolated defect in expression of membrane coagulant activity by stimulated platelets. This defect represents a decrease in platelet membrane binding sites for coagulation factors Va and VIIIa, reflecting diminished surface exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS). To gain insight into the cellular and genetic basis for this disorder, B-lymphocytes from a patient with Scott syndrome and from normal donors were immortalized by EBV-transformation, and tested for their capacity to expose plasma membrane PS in response to the Ca2+ ionophore, A23187. Upon incubation with A23187, EBV-lymphoblasts derived from normal donors consistently induced surface expression of PS in > 70% of all cells, as detected by membrane association of the PS-binding proteins, factor Va or annexin V. PS exposure in these cells was maximal after 5 min, and saturated at < 100 microM external free [Ca2+]. By contrast, < 30% of Scott syndrome lymphoblasts exposed PS, and saturation was not observed at > 1 mM external free [Ca2+]. Single-cell clones derived from the Scott lymphoblasts all exhibited a diminished response to A23187 comparable with that of the parental cells, suggesting that all lymphocytes from this patient share this membrane abnormality. Hybridomas prepared by fusion of Scott lymphoblasts with the myeloma cell line UC-LUC showed responses to Ca2+ ionophore comparable to those observed for normal lymphoblasts and for hybridomas prepared by fusion of normal lymphoblasts with UC-LUC. This correction of the Scott abnormality suggests possible complementation of an aberrant gene(s) responsible for this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Kojima
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Southwestern Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nicotera P, Zhivotovsky B, Orrenius S. Nuclear calcium transport and the role of calcium in apoptosis. Cell Calcium 1994; 16:279-88. [PMID: 7820847 DOI: 10.1016/0143-4160(94)90091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has been the rapid development of research investigating the molecular mechanisms whereby hormones, peptide growth factors and cytokines regulate cell metabolism, differentiation and proliferation. One general signalling mechanism used to transfer the information delivered by agonists into appropriate intracellular compartments involves the rapid Ca2+ redistribution throughout the cell, which results in transient elevations of the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration. Ca2+ signals are required for a number of cellular functions, including the activation of nuclear processes such as gene transcription and cell cycle events. The latter requires that appropriate Ca2+ signals elicited in response to agonists be transduced across the nuclear envelope. It has generally been assumed that small molecules, metabolites and ions could diffuse freely across the nuclear envelope. Nevertheless, several findings during the past few years have suggested that nuclear pore permeability can be regulated and that ion transport systems and ion-selective channels may exist in the nuclear membranes and regulate intranuclear processes. Intranuclear Ca2+ fluctuations can affect chromatin organization, induce gene expression and also activate cleavage of nuclear DNA by nucleases during programmed cell death or apoptosis. The possible mechanisms involved in nuclear Ca2+ transport and the regulation of nuclear Ca(2+)-dependent enzymes in apoptosis are discussed in the following sections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Nicotera
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|