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Liu Y, Wenren M, Cheng W, Zhou X, Xu D, Chi C, Lü Z, Liu H. Identification, functional characterization and immune response profiles of interleukin-10 in Nibea albiflora. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109654. [PMID: 38810711 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an immunosuppressive cytokine, which plays a vital role in regulating inflammation for inhibiting the generation and function of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vivo or in vitro. In the present study, the full length cDNA of IL-10 was characterized from Nibea albiflora (named as NaIL-10) of 1238 base pairs (bp), containing a 5'-UTR (untranslated region) of 350 bp, a 3'-UTR of 333 bp and an open reading frame (ORF) of 555 bp (Fig. 1A) to encode 184 amino acid residues with a signal peptide at the N-terminus. The sequence analysis showed that NaIL-10 possessed the typical IL-10 family symbolic motif and conversed cysteine residues, similar to its teleost orthologues. Real-time PCR indicated that NaIL-10 had wide distribution in different healthy tissues, with a relatively high expression in immune-related tissues (head kidney, spleen, kidney, liver and gill). Significantly, up-regulations of NaIL-10 after infection against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus and Poly I:C were also observed. Subcellular localization manifested that NaIL-10 mainly distributed in the cytoplasm unevenly and aggregately, and there was also a small amount on the cell membrane, indicating that NaIL-10 was secreted to the extracellular space as the known IL-10 homologous molecules. It could co-locate with IL-10 Rα on the membrane of HEK293T cells for their potential interaction, and GST pull-down and Co-IP studies certified the specific and direct interaction between NaIL-10 and NaIL-10 Rα, confirming that an IL-10 ligand-receptor system existed in N.albiflora. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, were dramatically inhibited in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages pre-incubated with recombinant NaIL-10 protein, demonstrating its anti-inflammatory roles. Taken together, the results demonstrated the existence of IL-10 ligand-receptor system in N.albiflora for the first time, and indicated the suppressive function of NaIL-10 on pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in inflammatory response, which would be conducive to better comprehending the role of IL-10 in the immunomodulatory mechanisms of teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Mingming Wenren
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Dongdong Xu
- Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang province, Zhoushan, 316100, China
| | - Changfeng Chi
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Zhenming Lü
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China.
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Esnault S, Jarjour NN. Development of Adaptive Immunity and Its Role in Lung Remodeling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1426:287-351. [PMID: 37464127 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32259-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by airflow limitations resulting from bronchial closure, which can be either reversible or fixed due to changes in airway tissue composition and structure, also known as remodeling. Airway remodeling is defined as increased presence of mucins-producing epithelial cells, increased thickness of airway smooth muscle cells, angiogenesis, increased number and activation state of fibroblasts, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Airway inflammation is believed to be the main cause of the development of airway remodeling in asthma. In this chapter, we will review the development of the adaptive immune response and the impact of its mediators and cells on the elements defining airway remodeling in asthma.
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Lafuse WP, Wu Q, Kumar N, Saljoughian N, Sunkum S, Ahumada OS, Turner J, Rajaram MVS. Psychological stress creates an immune suppressive environment in the lung that increases susceptibility of aged mice to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:990402. [PMID: 36189368 PMCID: PMC9523253 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.990402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Age is a major risk factor for chronic infections, including tuberculosis (TB). Elderly TB patients also suffer from elevated levels of psychological stress. It is not clear how psychological stress impacts immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). In this study, we used social disruption stress (SDR) to investigate effects of psychological stress in young and old mice. Unexpectedly, we found that SDR suppresses lung inflammation in old mice as evidenced by lower pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in bronchial lavage fluid and decreased cytokine mRNA expression by alveolar macrophages. To investigate effects of stress on M.tb infection, mice were subjected to SDR and then infected with M.tb. As previously reported, old mice were better at controlling infection at 30 days than young mice. This control was transient as CFUs at 60 days were higher in old control mice compared to young mice. Consistently, SDR significantly increased M.tb growth at 60 days in old mice compared to young mice. In addition, SDR in old mice resulted in accumulation of IL-10 mRNA and decreased IFN-γ mRNA at 60 days. Also, confocal microscopy of lung sections from old SDR mice showed increased number of CD4 T cells which express LAG3 and CD49b, markers of IL-10 secreting regulatory T cells. Further, we also demonstrated that CD4 T cells from old SDR mice express IL-10. Thus, we conclude that psychological stress in old mice prior to infection, increases differentiation of IL-10 secreting T cells, which over time results in loss of control of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P. Lafuse
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,*Correspondence: William P. Lafuse, ; Murugesan V. S. Rajaram,
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Noushin Saljoughian
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Shrayes Sunkum
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Joanne Turner
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Murugesan V. S. Rajaram
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,*Correspondence: William P. Lafuse, ; Murugesan V. S. Rajaram,
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4
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Olsson AM, Povoleri GAM, Somma D, Ridley ML, Rizou T, Lalnunhlimi S, Macdonald L, Rajasekhar M, Martinez-Nunez RT, Kurowska-Stolarska M, Taams LS. miR-155-overexpressing monocytes resemble HLAhighISG15+ synovial tissue macrophages from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and induce polyfunctional CD4+ T-cell activation. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 207:188-198. [PMID: 35020867 PMCID: PMC8982969 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are known to regulate pro-inflammatory effector functions of myeloid cells, and miR dysregulation is implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a condition characterized by inflammation and destruction of the joints. We showed previously that miR-155 is increased in myeloid cells in RA and induces pro-inflammatory activation of monocytes and macrophages; however, its role at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity was not defined. Here, RNA-sequencing revealed that overexpression of miR-155 in healthy donor monocytes conferred a specific gene profile which bears similarities to that of RA synovial fluid-derived CD14+ cells and HLAhighISG15+ synovial tissue macrophages, both of which are characterized by antigen-presenting pathways. In line with this, monocytes in which miR-155 was overexpressed, displayed increased expression of HLA-DR and both co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules, and induced activation of polyfunctional T cells. Together, these data underpin the notion that miR-155-driven myeloid cell activation in the synovium contributes not only to inflammation but may also influence the adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M Olsson
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Giovanni A M Povoleri
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Domenico Somma
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael L Ridley
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,GSK, Stevenage, UK
| | - Tatiana Rizou
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Sylvine Lalnunhlimi
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lucy Macdonald
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Megha Rajasekhar
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Rocio T Martinez-Nunez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mariola Kurowska-Stolarska
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Leonie S Taams
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Noor Mohamed NMH, Lim V, Mohamed R, Ismail IS. Regulation of the Macrophage Cellular Response by Clinacanthus nutans Extracts in J774.2 Macrophages. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Czaja AJ. Immune Inhibitory Properties and Therapeutic Prospects of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta and Interleukin 10 in Autoimmune Hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:1163-1186. [PMID: 33835375 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-06968-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta and interleukin 10 have diverse immune inhibitory properties that have restored homeostatic defense mechanisms in experimental models of autoimmune disease. The goals of this review are to describe the actions of each cytokine, review their investigational use in animal models and patients, and indicate their prospects as interventions in autoimmune hepatitis. English abstracts were identified in PubMed by multiple search terms. Full-length articles were selected for review, and secondary and tertiary bibliographies were developed. Transforming growth factor-beta expands the natural and inducible populations of regulatory T cells, limits the proliferation of natural killer cells, suppresses the activation of naïve CD8+ T cells, decreases the production of interferon-gamma, and stimulates fibrotic repair. Interleukin 10 selectively inhibits the CD28 co-stimulatory signal for antigen recognition and impairs antigen-specific activation of uncommitted CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. It also inhibits maturation of dendritic cells, suppresses Th17 cells, supports regulatory T cells, and limits production of diverse pro-inflammatory cytokines. Contradictory immune stimulatory effects have been associated with each cytokine and may relate to the dose and accompanying cytokine milieu. Experimental findings have not translated into successful early clinical trials. The recombinant preparation of each agent in low dosage has been safe in human studies. In conclusion, transforming growth factor-beta and interleukin 10 have powerful immune inhibitory actions of potential therapeutic value in autoimmune hepatitis. The keys to their therapeutic application will be to match their predominant non-redundant function with the pivotal pathogenic mechanism or cytokine deficiency and to avoid contradictory immune stimulatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J Czaja
- Professor Emeritus of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Pusch L, Brox R, Scheuer K, Yokosawa T, Wu M, Zubiri BA, Spiecker E, Jandt KD, Fischer D, Hackstein H. Distinct endocytosis and immune activation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles prepared by single- and double-emulsion evaporation. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:2075-2094. [PMID: 34523349 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles can be prepared by emulsion-solvent-evaporation from o/w and w1/o/w2 emulsions. Aims: To elaborate similarities and differences regarding mechanical, morphological and physicochemical properties, as well as endocytosis and dose-dependent immune responses by primary human leukocytes between nanoparticles prepared by these two methods. Methods: Fluorescently labeled as well as TLR agonist (R848)-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were prepared via both single- and double-emulsion solvent evaporation. Results: Particles prepared by both methods were similar in chemical composition and surface charge but exhibited slight differences in size and morphology. Pronounced differences were found for loading, dissolution and mechanical properties. The particles were differently endocytosed by monocytes and induced qualitatively and quantitatively different immune responses. Conclusions: Variations in nanoparticle preparation can affect particle-derived immunological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Pusch
- Department of Transfusion Medicine & Hemostaseology, University Hospital Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Regine Brox
- Department of Transfusion Medicine & Hemostaseology, University Hospital Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Karl Scheuer
- Department of Materials Science & Technology, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Tadahiro Yokosawa
- Institute of Micro- & Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis & Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Mingjian Wu
- Institute of Micro- & Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis & Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Benjamin Apeleo Zubiri
- Institute of Micro- & Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis & Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institute of Micro- & Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis & Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Klaus D Jandt
- Department of Materials Science & Technology, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, Jena, 07743, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Dagmar Fischer
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4 (Haus 6), Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Holger Hackstein
- Department of Transfusion Medicine & Hemostaseology, University Hospital Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
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8
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Bergmann CB, Beckmann N, Salyer CE, Hanschen M, Crisologo PA, Caldwell CC. Potential Targets to Mitigate Trauma- or Sepsis-Induced Immune Suppression. Front Immunol 2021; 12:622601. [PMID: 33717127 PMCID: PMC7947256 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.622601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In sepsis and trauma, pathogens and injured tissue provoke a systemic inflammatory reaction which can lead to overwhelming inflammation. Concurrent with the innate hyperinflammatory response is adaptive immune suppression that can become chronic. A current key issue today is that patients who undergo intensive medical care after sepsis or trauma have a high mortality rate after being discharged. This high mortality is thought to be associated with persistent immunosuppression. Knowledge about the pathophysiology leading to this state remains fragmented. Immunosuppressive cytokines play an essential role in mediating and upholding immunosuppression in these patients. Specifically, the cytokines Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) and Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) are reported to have potent immunosuppressive capacities. Here, we review their ability to suppress inflammation, their dynamics in sepsis and trauma and what drives the pathologic release of these cytokines. They do exert paradoxical effects under certain conditions, which makes it necessary to evaluate their functions in the context of dynamic changes post-sepsis and trauma. Several drugs modulating their functions are currently in clinical trials in the treatment of other pathologies. We provide an overview of the current literature on the effects of IL-10, TGF-β and TSLP in sepsis and trauma and suggest therapeutic approaches for their modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian B Bergmann
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Nadine Beckmann
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Christen E Salyer
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Marc Hanschen
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter A Crisologo
- Division of Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, Critical Care, and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Charles C Caldwell
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Research, Shriners Hospital for Children, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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9
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Blocking IL-10 signaling with soluble IL-10 receptor restores in vitro specific lymphoproliferative response in dogs with leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0239171. [PMID: 33465107 PMCID: PMC7815104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
rIL-10 plays a major role in restricting exaggerated inflammatory and immune responses, thus preventing tissue damage. However, the restriction of inflammatory and immune responses by IL-10 can also favor the development and/or persistence of chronic infections or neoplasms. Dogs that succumb to canine leishmaniasis (CanL) caused by L. infantum develop exhaustion of T lymphocytes and are unable to mount appropriate cellular immune responses to control the infection. These animals fail to mount specific lymphoproliferative responses and produce interferon gamma and TNF-alpha that would activate macrophages and promote destruction of intracellular parasites. Blocking IL-10 signaling may contribute to the treatment of CanL. In order to obtain a tool for this blockage, the present work endeavored to identify the canine casIL-10R1 amino acid sequence, generate a recombinant baculovirus chromosome encoding this molecule, which was expressed in insect cells and subsequently purified to obtain rcasIL-10R1. In addition, rcasIL-10R1 was able to bind to homologous IL-10 and block IL-10 signaling pathway, as well as to promote lymphoproliferation in dogs with leishmaniasis caused by L. infantum.
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10
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Halliday N, Williams C, Kennedy A, Waters E, Pesenacker AM, Soskic B, Hinze C, Hou TZ, Rowshanravan B, Janman D, Walker LSK, Sansom DM. CD86 Is a Selective CD28 Ligand Supporting FoxP3+ Regulatory T Cell Homeostasis in the Presence of High Levels of CTLA-4. Front Immunol 2020; 11:600000. [PMID: 33363541 PMCID: PMC7753196 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.600000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD80 and CD86 are expressed on antigen presenting cells and are required to engage their shared receptor, CD28, for the costimulation of CD4 T cells. It is unclear why two stimulatory ligands with overlapping roles have evolved. CD80 and CD86 also bind the regulatory molecule CTLA-4. We explored the role of CD80 and CD86 in the homeostasis and proliferation of CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg), which constitutively express high levels of CTLA-4 yet are critically dependent upon CD28 signals. We observed that CD86 was the dominant ligand for Treg proliferation, survival, and maintenance of a regulatory phenotype, with higher expression of CTLA-4, ICOS, and OX40. We also explored whether CD80-CD28 interactions were specifically compromised by CTLA-4 and found that antibody blockade, clinical deficiency of CTLA-4 and CRISPR-Cas9 deletion of CTLA-4 all improved Treg survival following CD80 stimulation. Taken together, our data suggest that CD86 is the dominant costimulatory ligand for Treg homeostasis, despite its lower affinity for CD28, because CD80-CD28 interactions are selectively impaired by the high levels of CTLA-4. These data suggest a cell intrinsic role for CTLA-4 in regulating CD28 costimulation by direct competition for CD80, and indicate that that CD80 and CD86 have discrete roles in CD28 costimulation of CD4 T cells in the presence of high levels of CTLA-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Halliday
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cayman Williams
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Kennedy
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erin Waters
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne M Pesenacker
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Blagoje Soskic
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Hinze
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tie Zheng Hou
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Behzad Rowshanravan
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Janman
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy S K Walker
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David M Sansom
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Park HW, Park SH, Jo HJ, Kim TG, Lee JH, Kang SG, Jang YS, Kim PH. Lactoferrin Induces Tolerogenic Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e38. [PMID: 33163246 PMCID: PMC7609161 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that initiate both T-cell responses and tolerance. Tolerogenic DCs (tDCs) are regulatory DCs that suppress immune responses through the induction of T-cell anergy and Tregs. Because lactoferrin (LF) was demonstrated to induce functional Tregs and has a protective effect against inflammatory bowel disease, we explored the tolerogenic effects of LF on mouse bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs). The expression of CD80/86 and MHC class II was diminished in LF-treated BMDCs (LF-BMDCs). LF facilitated BMDCs to suppress proliferation and elevate Foxp3+ induced Treg (iTreg) differentiation in ovalbumin-specific CD4+ T-cell culture. Foxp3 expression was further increased by blockade of the B7 molecule using CTLA4-Ig but was diminished by additional CD28 stimulation using anti-CD28 Ab. On the other hand, the levels of arginase-1 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (known as key T-cell suppressive molecules) were increased in LF-BMDCs. Consistently, the suppressive activity of LF-BMDCs was partially restored by inhibitors of these molecules. Collectively, these results suggest that LF effectively causes DCs to be tolerogenic by both the suppression of T-cell proliferation and enhancement of iTreg differentiation. This tolerogenic effect of LF is due to the reduction of costimulatory molecules and enhancement of suppressive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Won Park
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Park
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ju Jo
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Kim
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Lee
- Department of Systems Immunology, School of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Seung-Goo Kang
- Department of Systems Immunology, School of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Young-Saeng Jang
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.,Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Pyeung-Hyeun Kim
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.,Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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12
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Saraiva M, Vieira P, O'Garra A. Biology and therapeutic potential of interleukin-10. J Exp Med 2020; 217:jem.20190418. [PMID: 31611251 PMCID: PMC7037253 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors review the molecular mechanisms regulating IL-10 production and response and describe classic and novel functions of IL-10 in immune and non-immune cells. They further discuss the therapeutic potential of IL-10 in different diseases and the outstanding questions underlying an effective application of IL-10 in clinical settings. The cytokine IL-10 is a key anti-inflammatory mediator ensuring protection of a host from over-exuberant responses to pathogens and microbiota, while playing important roles in other settings as sterile wound healing, autoimmunity, cancer, and homeostasis. Here we discuss our current understanding of the regulation of IL-10 production and of the molecular pathways associated with IL-10 responses. In addition to IL-10’s classic inhibitory effects on myeloid cells, we also describe the nonclassic roles attributed to this pleiotropic cytokine, including how IL-10 regulates basic processes of neural and adipose cells and how it promotes CD8 T cell activation, as well as epithelial repair. We further discuss its therapeutic potential in the context of different diseases and the outstanding questions that may help develop an effective application of IL-10 in diverse clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Saraiva
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Vieira
- Department of Immunology, Unité Lymphopoièse, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1223, Paris, France
| | - Anne O'Garra
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
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13
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The microenvironmental niche in classic Hodgkin lymphoma is enriched for CTLA-4-positive T cells that are PD-1-negative. Blood 2020; 134:2059-2069. [PMID: 31697809 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019002206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a tumor composed of rare, atypical, germinal center-derived B cells (Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg [HRS] cells) embedded within a robust but ineffective inflammatory milieu. The cHL tumor microenvironment (TME) is compartmentalized into "niches" rich in programmed cell death-1 ligand (PD-L1)-positive HRS cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which associate with PD-1-positive T cells to suppress antitumor immunity via PD-L1/PD-1 signaling. Despite the exquisite sensitivity of cHL to PD-1 checkpoint blockade, most patients eventually relapse and need therapeutic alternatives. Using multiplex immunofluorescence microscopy with digital image analysis, we found that cHL is highly enriched for non-T-regulatory, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4)-positive T cells (compared with reactive lymphoid tissues) that outnumber PD-1-positive and lymphocyte-activating gene-3 (LAG-3)-positive T cells. In addition, T cells touching HRS cells are more frequently positive for CTLA-4 than for PD-1 or LAG-3. We further found that HRS cells, and a subset of TAMs, are positive for the CTLA-4 ligand CD86 and that the fractions of T cells and TAMs that are CTLA-4-positive and CD86-positive, respectively, are greater within a 75 μm HRS cell niche relative to areas outside this region (CTLA-4, 38% vs 18% [P = .0001]; CD86, 38% vs 24% [P = .0007]). Importantly, CTLA-4-positive cells are present, and focally contact HRS cells, in recurrent cHL tumors following a variety of therapies, including PD-1 blockade. These results implicate CTLA-4:CD86 interactions as a component of the immunologically privileged niche surrounding HRS cells and raise the possibility that patients with cHL refractory to PD-1 blockade may benefit from CTLA-4 blockade.
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Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10 is an essential anti-inflammatory cytokine and functions as a negative regulator of immune responses to microbial antigens. IL-10 is particularly important in maintaining the intestinal microbe-immune homeostasis. Loss of IL-10 promotes the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as a consequence of an excessive immune response to the gut microbiota. IL-10 also functions more generally to prevent excessive inflammation during the course of infection. Although IL-10 can be produced by virtually all cells of the innate and adaptive immune system, T cells constitute a non-redundant source for IL-10 in many cases. The various roles of T cell-derived IL-10 will be discussed in this review. Given that IL-10 is at the center of maintaining the delicate balance between effective immunity and tissue protection, it is not surprising that IL-10 expression is highly dynamic and tightly regulated. We summarize the environmental signals and molecular pathways that regulate IL-10 expression. While numerous studies have provided us with a deep understanding of IL-10 biology, the majority of findings have been made in murine models, prompting us to highlight gaps in our knowledge about T cell-derived IL-10 in the human system.
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15
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D'Alessio FR, Kurzhagen JT, Rabb H. Reparative T lymphocytes in organ injury. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2608-2618. [PMID: 31259743 DOI: 10.1172/jci124614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute organ injuries such as acute cerebrovascular accidents, myocardial infarction, acute kidney injury, acute lung injury, and others are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Dysregulated or insufficient organ repair mechanisms limit restoration of homeostasis and contribute to chronic organ failure. Studies reveal that both humans and mice harness potent non-stem cells that are capable of directly or indirectly promoting tissue repair. Specific populations of T lymphocytes have emerged as important reparative cells with context-specific actions. These T cells can resolve inflammation and secrete reparative cytokines and growth factors as well as interact with other immune and stromal cells to promote the complex and active process of tissue repair. This Review focuses on the major populations of T lymphocytes known to mediate tissue repair, their reparative mechanisms, and the diseases in which they have been implicated. Elucidating and harnessing the mechanisms that promote the reparative functions of these T cells could greatly improve organ dysfunction after acute injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanna T Kurzhagen
- Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hamid Rabb
- Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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16
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Wang X, Wong K, Ouyang W, Rutz S. Targeting IL-10 Family Cytokines for the Treatment of Human Diseases. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a028548. [PMID: 29038121 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Members of the interleukin (IL)-10 family of cytokines play important roles in regulating immune responses during host defense but also in autoimmune disorders, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Although IL-10 itself primarily acts on leukocytes and has potent immunosuppressive functions, other family members preferentially target nonimmune compartments, such as tissue epithelial cells, where they elicit innate defense mechanisms to control viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, protect tissue integrity, and promote tissue repair and regeneration. As cytokines are prime drug targets, IL-10 family cytokines provide great opportunities for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, tissue damage, and cancer. Yet no therapy in this space has been approved to date. Here, we summarize the diverse biology of the IL-10 family as it relates to human disease and review past and current strategies and challenges to target IL-10 family cytokines for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Wang
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Kit Wong
- Department of Biomarker Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Wenjun Ouyang
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Sascha Rutz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
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17
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Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10 is an essential anti-inflammatory cytokine that plays important roles as a negative regulator of immune responses to microbial antigens. Loss of IL-10 results in the spontaneous development of inflammatory bowel disease as a consequence of an excessive immune response to the gut microbiota. IL-10 also functions to prevent excessive inflammation during the course of infection. IL-10 can be produced in response to pro-inflammatory signals by virtually all immune cells, including T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Given its function in maintaining the delicate balance between effective immunity and tissue protection, it is evident that IL-10 expression is highly dynamic and needs to be tightly regulated. The transcriptional regulation of IL-10 production in myeloid cells and T cells is the topic of this review. Drivers of IL-10 expression as well as their downstream signaling pathways and transcription factors will be discussed. We will examine in more detail how various signals in CD4+ T cells converge on common transcriptional circuits, which fine-tune IL-10 expression in a context-dependent manner.
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18
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Lee H, Zhang D, Laskin DL, Jin Y. Functional Evidence of Pulmonary Extracellular Vesicles in Infectious and Noninfectious Lung Inflammation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 201:1500-1509. [PMID: 29997122 PMCID: PMC6109965 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a highly complex process that can be triggered by both noninfectious (sterile) and infectious stimuli. Inflammatory lung responses are one of the key features in the pathogenesis of this devastating syndrome. How ALI/ARDS-associated inflammation develops remains incompletely understood, particularly after exposure to sterile stimuli. Emerging evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) regulate intercellular communication and inflammatory responses in various diseases. In this study, we characterized the generation and function of pulmonary EVs in the setting of ALI/ARDS, induced by sterile stimuli (oxidative stress or acid aspiration) and infection (LPS/Gram-negative bacteria) in mice. EVs detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were markedly increased after exposure of animals to both types of stimuli. After sterile stimuli, alveolar type-І epithelial cells were the main source of the BALF EVs. In contrast, infectious stimuli-induced BALF EVs were mainly derived from alveolar macrophages (AMs). Functionally, BALF EVs generated in both the noninfectious and infectious ALI models promoted the recruitment of macrophages in in vivo mouse models. Furthermore, BALF EVs differentially regulated AM production of cytokines and inflammatory mediators, as well as TLR expression in AMs in vivo. Regardless of their origin, BALF EVs contributed significantly to the development of lung inflammation in both the sterile and infectious ALI. Collectively, our results provide novel insights into the mechanisms by which EVs regulate the development of lung inflammation in response to diverse stimuli, potentially providing novel therapeutic and diagnostic targets for ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heedoo Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118; and
| | - Duo Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118; and
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Yang Jin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118; and
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Takheaw N, Laopajon W, Surinkaew S, Khummuang S, Pata S, Kasinrerk W. Ligation of Na, K ATPase β3 subunit on monocytes by a specific monoclonal antibody mediates T cell hypofunction. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199717. [PMID: 29940031 PMCID: PMC6016913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells play a crucial role in orchestrating body immune responses. T cell hyperfunction, however, leads to inflammation and induction of autoimmune diseases. Understanding of T cell regulation mechanisms and successful modulation of T cell responses is beneficial in treatment of disease associated to T cell hyperresponsiveness. Our previous study indicated that monoclonal antibody (mAb) P-3E10, a mAb to Na, K ATPase β3 subunit, inhibited anti-CD3-induced PBMC proliferation. In the current study, we further investigated the mechanism of mAb P-3E10 in the induction of T cell hypofunction. We demonstrated that mAb P-3E10 decreased T cell proliferation and Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokine production. Monocytes were the cells playing a key role in mediation of mAb P-3E10 induced T cell hypofunction. The inhibition of T cell activation by mAb P-3E10 required cell contact between monocytes and T cells. The mAb P-3E10 induced the down-expression level of MHC class II and CD86 and increased IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α production of monocytes. We concluded that ligation of the Na, K ATPase β3 subunit on monocytes by mAb P-3E10 arbitrated T cell hypofunction. This mAb might be a promising novel immunotherapeutic antibody for the treatment of hyperresponsive T cell associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuchjira Takheaw
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Witida Laopajon
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Surinkaew
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Saichit Khummuang
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Supansa Pata
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Watchara Kasinrerk
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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20
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Yang SH, Li L, Xie YQ, Yao Y, Gao CY, Liao LH, Ma HD, Gershwin ME, Lian ZX. IFN-γ-STAT1-iNOS Induces Myeloid Progenitors to Acquire Immunosuppressive Activity. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1192. [PMID: 29018448 PMCID: PMC5614959 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases often induce dysregulated hematopoiesis with altered number and function of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). However, there are limited studies on the direct regulation of HSPCs on T cells, which are often detrimental to autoimmunity. Here, we found that in a murine model of Concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis, LSK (Lineage-Sca-1+c-Kit+)-like cells accumulated in liver, spleen, and bone marrow (BM), which were myeloid progenitors (Lineage-Sca-1-c-Kit+) that upregulated Sca-1 expression upon T cell-derived IFN-γ stimulation. Strikingly, BM LSK-like cells from mice induced by Con A to develop autoimmune hepatitis or alternatively myeloid progenitors from wild-type mice possessed strong in vitro suppressive ability. Their suppressive function depended on T cell-derived IFN-γ in a paracrine fashion, which induced STAT1 phosphorylation, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and nitric oxide production. Blocking IFN-γ/IFN-γ receptor interaction, knockout of STAT1, or iNOS inhibition abrogated their suppressive function. In addition, the suppressive function was independent of differentiation; mitomycin C-treated myeloid progenitors maintained T cell suppressive ability in vitro. Our data demonstrate a mechanism of inflammation induced suppressive function of myeloid progenitors, which may participate directly in suppressing T cell-mediated immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Han Yang
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Chronic Disease Laboratory, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Li
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Chronic Disease Laboratory, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qing Xie
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Chronic Disease Laboratory, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cai-Yue Gao
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Chronic Disease Laboratory, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Huan Liao
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Chronic Disease Laboratory, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Di Ma
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Zhe-Xiong Lian
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Chronic Disease Laboratory, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, China
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21
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Uhde AK, Herder V, Akram Khan M, Ciurkiewicz M, Schaudien D, Teich R, Floess S, Baumgärtner W, Huehn J, Beineke A. Viral Infection of the Central Nervous System Exacerbates Interleukin-10 Receptor Deficiency-Mediated Colitis in SJL Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161883. [PMID: 27611574 PMCID: PMC5017624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Theiler´s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)-infection is a widely used animal model for studying demyelinating disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). The immunosuppressive cytokine Interleukin (IL)-10 counteracts hyperactive immune responses and critically controls immune homeostasis in infectious and autoimmune disorders. In order to investigate the effect of signaling via Interleukin-10 receptor (IL-10R) in infectious neurological diseases, TMEV-infected SJL mice were treated with IL-10R blocking antibody (Ab) in the acute and chronic phase of the disease. The findings demonstrate that (i) Ab-mediated IL-10 neutralization leads to progressive colitis with a reduction in Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and increased numbers of CD8+CD44+ memory T cells as well as activated CD4+CD69+ and CD8+CD69+ T cells in uninfected mice. (ii) Concurrent acute TMEV-infection worsened enteric disease-mediated by IL-10R neutralization. Virus-triggered effects were associated with an enhanced activation of CD4+ T helper cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and augmented cytokine expression. By contrast, (iii) IL-10R neutralization during chronic TMEV-infection was not associated with enhanced peripheral immunopathology but an increased CD3+ T cell influx in the spinal cord. IL-10R neutralization causes a breakdown in peripheral immune tolerance in genetically predisposed mice, which leads to immune-mediated colitis, resembling inflammatory bowel disease. Hyperactive immune state following IL-10R blockade is enhanced by central nervous system-restricted viral infection in a disease phase-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Uhde
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vanessa Herder
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Muhammad Akram Khan
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, PMAS—Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Malgorzata Ciurkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Schaudien
- Fraunhofer—Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | - René Teich
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Floess
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Beineke
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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22
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Development of a Modular Assay for Detailed Immunophenotyping of Peripheral Human Whole Blood Samples by Multicolor Flow Cytometry. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081316. [PMID: 27529227 PMCID: PMC5000713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The monitoring of immune cells gained great significance in prognosis and prediction of therapy responses. For analyzing blood samples, the multicolor flow cytometry has become the method of choice as it combines high specificity on single cell level with multiple parameters and high throughput. Here, we present a modular assay for the detailed immunophenotyping of blood (DIoB) that was optimized for an easy and direct application in whole blood samples. The DIoB assay characterizes 34 immune cell subsets that circulate the peripheral blood including all major immune cells such as T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. In addition, it evaluates their functional state and a few non-leukocytes that also have been associated with the outcome of cancer therapy. This DIoB assay allows a longitudinal and close-meshed monitoring of a detailed immune status in patients requiring only 2.0 mL of peripheral blood and it is not restricted to peripheral blood mononuclear cells. It is currently applied for the immune monitoring of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (IMMO-GLIO-01 trial, NCT02022384), pancreatic cancer (CONKO-007 trial, NCT01827553), and head and neck cancer (DIREKHT trial, NCT02528955) and might pave the way for immune biomarker identification for prediction and prognosis of therapy outcome.
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23
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Doesch AO, Zhao L, Gleissner CA, Akhavanpoor M, Rohde D, Okuyucu D, Hakimi M, Dengler TJ, Katus HA, Erbel C. Inhibition of B7-1 (CD80) by RhuDex® reduces lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammation in human atherosclerotic lesions. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:447-57. [PMID: 24872677 PMCID: PMC4026407 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s59594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis is based on a chronic inflammatory process including the innate and adaptive immune response. Costimulatory molecules and their receptors provide decisive signals for antigen-specific cell activation. The contribution of B7-related pathways to atherosclerosis has hardly been explored. Methods In the present study, we investigated the contribution of B7-1 to inflammation and tissue injury in the human plaque microenvironment in order to identify possible target structures of future therapeutic agents ex vivo and in vitro. Results Carotid artery plaque stimulation with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) could be significantly inhibited by RhuDex®, a specific inhibitor of the costimulatory molecule B7-1 ex vivo (P<0.001). Coculture of antigen-presenting cells with T-cells demonstrated that the inhibitory effects of RhuDex® derived from reduced T-cell activation. In addition, incubation of monocytes/macrophages with LPS and RhuDex® resulted in an inhibitory negative feedback on antigen-presenting cells. Signaling pathways affected by RhuDex® seem to be nuclear transcription factor kappa B, activator protein-1, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Conclusion The present data support B7-1 alone as an important costimulatory molecule in the context of LPS-mediated inflammation in atherosclerotic lesions. Due to its marked inhibitory effects, RhuDex® may be a useful therapy to modulate the inflammatory milieu in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - David Rohde
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Deniz Okuyucu
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maani Hakimi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas J Dengler
- Department of Cardiology, SLK Hospital Heilbronn, Bad Friedrichshall, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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Palermo MDL, Trindade MÂB, Duarte AJDS, Cacere CR, Benard G. Differential expression of the costimulatory molecules CD86, CD28, CD152 and PD-1 correlates with the host-parasite outcome in leprosy. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2013; 107 Suppl 1:167-73. [PMID: 23283468 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762012000900024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Leprosy is a spectral disease exhibiting two polar sides, namely, lepromatous leprosy (LL) characterised by impaired T-cell responses and tuberculoid leprosy in which T-cell responses are strong. Proper T-cell activation requires signalling through costimulatory molecules expressed by antigen presenting cells and their ligands on T-cells. We studied the influence of costimulatory molecules on the immune responses of subjects along the leprosy spectrum. The expression of the costimulatory molecules was evaluated in in vitro-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells of lepromatous and tuberculoid patients and healthy exposed individuals (contacts). We show that LL patients have defective monocyte CD86 expression, which likely contributes to the impairment of the antigen presentation process and to patients anergy. Accordingly, CD86 but not CD80 blockade inhibited the lymphoproliferative response to Mycobacterium leprae. Consistent with the LL anergy, there was reduced expression of the positive signalling costimulatory molecules CD28 and CD86 on the T-cells in these patients. In contrast, tuberculoid leprosy patients displayed increased expression of the negative signalling molecules CD152 and programmed death-1 (PD-1), which represents a probable means of modulating an exacerbated immune response and avoiding immunopathology. Notably, the contacts exhibited proper CD86 and CD28 expression but not exacerbated CD152 or PD-1 expression, suggesting that they tend to develop a balanced immunity without requiring immunosuppressive costimulatory signalling.
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25
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Coomes SM, Pelly VS, Wilson MS. Plasticity within the αβ⁺CD4⁺ T-cell lineage: when, how and what for? Open Biol 2013; 3:120157. [PMID: 23345540 PMCID: PMC3603458 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.120157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Following thymic output, αβ⁺CD4⁺ T cells become activated in the periphery when they encounter peptide-major histocompatibility complex. A combination of cytokine and co-stimulatory signals instructs the differentiation of T cells into various lineages and subsequent expansion and contraction during an appropriate and protective immune response. Our understanding of the events leading to T-cell lineage commitment has been dominated by a single fate model describing the commitment of T cells to one of several helper (T(H)), follicular helper (T(FH)) or regulatory (T(REG)) phenotypes. Although a single lineage-committed and dedicated T cell may best execute a single function, the view of a single fate for T cells has recently been challenged. A relatively new paradigm in αβ⁺CD4⁺ T-cell biology indicates that T cells are much more flexible than previously appreciated, with the ability to change between helper phenotypes, between helper and follicular helper, or, most extremely, between helper and regulatory functions. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the recent literature identifying when T(H) or T(REG) cell plasticity occurs, provide potential mechanisms of plasticity and ask if T-cell plasticity is beneficial or detrimental to immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Coomes
- Division of Molecular Immunology, National Institute for Medical Research, MRC, London NW7 1AA, UK
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Carvalho V, Castanheira P, Madureira P, Ferreira SA, Costa C, Teixeira JP, Faro C, Vilanova M, Gama M. Self-assembled dextrin nanogel as protein carrier: controlled release and biological activity of IL-10. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 108:1977-86. [PMID: 21391205 DOI: 10.1002/bit.23125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, which active form is a non-covalent homodimer. Given the potential of IL-10 for application in various medical conditions, it is essential to develop systems for its effective delivery. In previous work, it has been shown that a dextrin nanogel effectively incorporated and stabilized rIL-10, enabling its release over time. In this work, the delivery system based on dextrin nanogels was further analyzed. The biocompatibility of the nanogel was comprehensively analyzed, through cytotoxicity (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, MTS, Live, and Dead) and genotoxicity (comet) assays. The release profile of rIL-10 and its biological activity were evaluated in vivo, using C57BL/6 mice. Although able to maintain a stable concentration of IL-10 for at least 4 h in mice serum, the amount of protein released was rather low. Despite this, the amount of rIL-10 released from the complex was biologically active inhibiting TNF-α production, in vivo, by LPS-challenged mice. In spite of the significant stabilization achieved using the nanogel, rIL-10 still denatures rather quickly. An additional effort is thus necessary to develop an effective delivery system for this cytokine, able to release active protein over longer periods of time. Nevertheless, the good biocompatibility, the protein stabilization effect and the ability to perform as a carrier with controlled release suggest that self-assembled dextrin nanogels may be useful protein delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Carvalho
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Angelini F, Pacciani V, Corrente S, Silenzi R, Di Pede A, Polito A, Riccardi C, Di Cesare S, Yammine ML, Rossi P, Moschese V, Chini L. Dendritic cells modification during sublingual immunotherapy in children with allergic symptoms to house dust mites. World J Pediatr 2011; 7:24-30. [PMID: 21191773 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-011-0242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND the importance of dendritic cells (DCs) in the initiation of the Th2-mediated inflammatory response to allergens is well known and more recently it has been proposed that DCs have a pivotal role in maintaining tolerance to allergens. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the success of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in allergic asthma is mediated by the induction of changes of DCs functions. METHODS ten children with allergic asthma sensitive to house dust mite were studied before and after 12 months of SLIT. Immature DCs were derived from peripheral blood monocytes cultured for 6 days in presence of interleukin (IL)-4 and GM-CSF and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide for the last 24 hours to induce maturation. RESULTS after 12 months of SLIT, mature DCs derived from SLIT-treated patients showed a statistically significant defect of CD86 up-regulation, an increase of IL-10, and a reduction of IL-12 production. CONCLUSION SLIT induces changes in DCs functions that might be responsible for an impairment of T cell activation or drive T cells towards a regulatory activity, thus restoring immune tolerance to allergens.
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Corbière V, Dirix V, Norrenberg S, Cappello M, Remmelink M, Mascart F. Phenotypic characteristics of human type II alveolar epithelial cells suitable for antigen presentation to T lymphocytes. Respir Res 2011; 12:15. [PMID: 21261956 PMCID: PMC3033824 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-12-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECII) are well known for their role in the innate immune system. More recently, it was proposed that they could play a role in the antigen presentation to T lymphocytes but contradictory results have been published both concerning their surface expressed molecules and the T lymphocyte responses in mixed lymphocyte cultures. The use of either AECII cell line or fresh cells could explain the observed discrepancies. Thus, this study aimed at defining the most relevant model of accessory antigen presenting cells by carefully comparing the two models for their expression of surface molecules necessary for efficient antigen presentation. Methods We have compared by flow cytometry the surface expression of the major markers involved in the immunological synapse on the A549 cell line, the most popular model of type II alveolar epithelial cells, and freshly isolated cells. HLA-DR, CD80, CD86, ICOS-L, CD54, CD58 surface expression were studied in resting conditions as well as after IFN-γ/TNF-α treatment, two inflammatory cytokines, known to modulate some of these markers. Results The major difference found between the two cells types was the very low surface expression of HLA-DR on the A549 cell line compared to its constitutive expression on freshly isolated AECII. The surface expression of co-stimulatory molecules from the B7 family was very low for the CD86 (B7-2) and ICOS-L (B7-H2) and absent for CD80 (B7-1) on both freshly isolated cells and A549 cell line. Neither IFN-γ nor TNF-α could increase the expression of these classical co-stimulatory molecules. However CD54 (ICAM-1) and CD58 (LFA-3) adhesion molecules, known to be implicated in B7 independent co-stimulatory signals, were well expressed on the two cell types. Conclusions Constitutive expression of MHC class I and II molecules as well as alternative co-stimulatory molecules by freshly isolated AECII render these cells a good model to study antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Corbière
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U,L,B,), Brussels, Belgium
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Carvalho V, Castanheira P, Faria TQ, Gonçalves C, Madureira P, Faro C, Domingues L, Brito RM, Vilanova M, Gama M. Biological activity of heterologous murine interleukin-10 and preliminary studies on the use of a dextrin nanogel as a delivery system. Int J Pharm 2010; 400:234-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Sabat R, Grütz G, Warszawska K, Kirsch S, Witte E, Wolk K, Geginat J. Biology of interleukin-10. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2010; 21:331-44. [PMID: 21115385 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 714] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sabat
- Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany.
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Guo S, Bao L, Qin ZF, Shi XX. The CFP-10/ESAT-6 complex of Mycobacterium tuberculosis potentiates the activation of murine macrophages involvement of IFN-gamma signaling. Med Microbiol Immunol 2010; 199:129-37. [PMID: 20232079 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-010-0146-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Secretory antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, culture filtered protein 10(CFP-10) and early secreted antigenic target 6 kDa protein (ESAT-6) are closely correlated with immunogenicity and virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. But the mechanism of its immunogenicity and virulence is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the influence of the CFP-10/ESAT-6 complex on production of IL-12 and nitric oxide (NO) produced by the ANA-1 macrophage cell line. Preincubation with the complex in a time-dependent manner significantly enhanced production of NO and IL-12 released from ANA-1 cells following IFN-gamma stimulation. In addition, the complex up-modulated expression level of IFN-gammaR1 on surface of the macrophages. Furthermore, the effect of the complex on production of IL-12 and NO in ANA-1 cells was suppressed by AG490, a selective inhibitor of JAK/STAT pathway. These data suggest that in the presence of IFN-gamma, CFP-10/ESAT-6 complex represents a new immunogenicity and protective factor that may be, at least partly, due to up modulation of IFN-gammaR1 expression and activation of JAK/STAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Guo
- Laboratory of West China Centre of Medical Sciences, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Oral administration of an Enoki mushroom protein FVE activates innate and adaptive immunity and induces anti-tumor activity against murine hepatocellular carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 10:239-46. [PMID: 19909827 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
FVE is a documented immunomodulatory protein purified from Enoki mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) and known as an activator for human T lymphocytes. This present study was aimed to investigate the anti-tumor effect and the related mechanisms of oral administration of FVE using a murine hepatoma model. Oral administration of FVE (10mg/kg) significantly increased the life span and inhibited the tumor size of BNL 1MEA.7R.1 (BNL) hepatoma-bearing mice. Tumor-bearing mice receiving oral FVE treatment had the highest tumoricidal capacity of peritoneal macrophages and tumor-specific splenocytes against BNL hepatoma cells. In addition, in vivo neutralization of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) demonstrated a significant decrease of FVE-induced anti-tumor effect (P<0.05). The expression levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules and costimulatory molecule CD80 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from the FVE-treated mice were upregulated as compared with those of the PBS-treated mice. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining showed a strong inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis in hepatoma tissues after oral administration of FVE. Taken together, oral administration of FVE displayed anti-tumor activity through activating both innate and adaptive immunity of the host to prime a cytotoxic immune response and IFN-gamma played a key role in the anti-tumor efficacy of FVE.
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Nagamatsu T, Schust DJ, Sugimoto J, Barrier BF. Human decidual stromal cells suppress cytokine secretion by allogenic CD4+ T cells via PD-1 ligand interactions. Hum Reprod 2009; 24:3160-71. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Types I and II interferons upregulate the costimulatory CD80 molecule in monocytes via interferon regulatory factor-1. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 78:514-22. [PMID: 19433065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Revised: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CD80/B7.1 expressed on monocytes plays a prominent role in the activation of T cell-mediated immunity and its level is reduced in monocytes from cancer patients. Type I (alpha/beta) and type II (gamma) IFNs are widely administered as adjuvant therapy. We show here that both classes of IFNs upregulate CD80 mRNA and protein in primary monocytes ex vivo. The stimulatory action of IFN-alpha/beta on CD80 is accompanied by the activation of both interferon regulatory factors IRF-1 and IRF-7, whereas IFN-gamma stimulating effect is associated only with IRF-1 induction. IFNs concomitantly upregulate the transcription of CD40 costimulatory molecule whose activation is known to require IRF-1. In monocytic U937 cells, IRF-1 is activated by IFN-gamma but not by IFN-alpha/beta, whereas it is the reverse for IRF-7; in the latter cells, only IFN-gamma is capable of stimulating CD80 transcription emphasizing the essential role of IRF-1. Moreover, siRNA against IRF-1 prevents IFN-gamma-mediated CD80 activation. In AML cells, IFNs upregulate CD40, CD80 and IRF-1 in the FAB-M4/M5 subtypes but not in the less differentiated M1/M2 subtypes. Monitoring the expression of CD80 on AML cells and its modulation by IFNs could help to predict the patients more susceptible to benefit from therapeutic strategies aimed at eliciting specific T cell responses to leukemia-associated antigens.
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Durbin AP, Vargas MJ, Wanionek K, Hammond SN, Gordon A, Rocha C, Balmaseda A, Harris E. Phenotyping of peripheral blood mononuclear cells during acute dengue illness demonstrates infection and increased activation of monocytes in severe cases compared to classic dengue fever. Virology 2008; 376:429-35. [PMID: 18452966 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Revised: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In vitro studies have attempted to identify dengue virus (DEN) target cells in peripheral blood; however, extensive phenotyping of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from dengue patients has not been reported. PBMCs collected from hospitalized children suspected of acute dengue were analyzed for DEN prM, CD32, CD86, CD14, CD11c, CD16, CD209, CCR7, CD4, and CD8 by flow cytometry to detect DEN antigen in PBMCs and to phenotype DEN-positive cells. DEN prM was detected primarily in activated monocytes (CD14(+), CD32(+), CD86(+), CD11c(+)). A subset of samples analyzed for DEN nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) confirmed that approximately half of DEN antigen-positive cells contained replicating virus. A higher percentage of PBMCs from DHF patients expressed prM, CD86, CD32, and CD11c than did those from DF patients. Increased activation of monocytes and greater numbers of DEN-infected cells were associated with more severe dengue, implicating a role for monocyte activation in dengue immunopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Durbin
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, Room 251, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Zhang Q, Bernatoniene J, Bagrade L, Paton JC, Mitchell TJ, Hammerschmidt S, Nunez DA, Finn A. Regulation of production of mucosal antibody to pneumococcal protein antigens by T-cell-derived gamma interferon and interleukin-10 in children. Infect Immun 2006; 74:4735-43. [PMID: 16861661 PMCID: PMC1539627 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00165-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) are part of human nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue, which may play an important role in local defense against pneumococci. Recent studies with animals have suggested that several pneumococcal proteins, including CbpA and pneumolysin (Ply), may be vaccine candidates. Our recent data obtained with children suggest that antibodies to these proteins may protect against carriage. This study was performed to investigate the regulation of the T-cell-dependent antibody responses to CbpA and pneumolysin by cytokines in adenoidal immune cells from children. Adenoidal mononuclear cells (MNC) were cultured with pneumococcal concentrated culture supernatants (CCS) or recombinant proteins. Cytokine expression profiles in adenoidal MNC after antigen stimulation were analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR, protein array analysis, and an immunoassay, along with an antibody production analysis. The roles, interactions, and cellular sources of the main cytokines identified were evaluated further. Pneumococcal CCS induced production of CbpA- and Ply-specific antibodies in association with several chemokines and cytokines, including gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in MNC. The antibody production correlated well with the concentrations of these two cytokines. Addition of recombinant IFN-gamma or IL-10 enhanced antibody production, and monoclonal antibodies to these two cytokines and T-cell depletion significantly reduced antibody production. Intracellular cytokine staining showed that T cells are a major source of IFN-gamma and IL-10. Recombinant Ply and, to a lesser extent, recombinant CbpA induced significant production of IFN-gamma and IL-10 in MNC. T-cell-derived IFN-gamma and IL-10 may be key regulators of production of mucosal antibody to pneumococcal protein antigens in the nasopharynx and may play an important role in local protection against pneumococcal infection in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Sciences at South Bristol, Academic Unit of Child Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Lim W, Gee K, Mishra S, Kumar A. Regulation of B7.1 costimulatory molecule is mediated by the IFN regulatory factor-7 through the activation of JNK in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocytic cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 175:5690-700. [PMID: 16237059 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.9.5690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The engagement of CD28 or CTLA-4 with B7.1 provides the essential second costimulatory signal that regulates the development of immune responses, including T cell activation, differentiation, and induction of peripheral tolerance. The signaling molecules and the transcription factors involved in B7.1 regulation are poorly understood. In this study we investigated the role of MAPKs in the regulation of LPS-induced B7.1 expression in human monocytes and the promonocytic THP-1 cells. Our results show that LPS-induced B7.1 expression in monocytic cells did not involve the activation of either p38 or ERKs. Using the JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125, small interfering RNAs specific for JNK1 and JNK2, and agents such as dexamethasone that inhibit JNK activation, we determined that LPS-induced B7.1 expression was regulated by JNK MAPK in both monocytes and THP-1 cells. In addition, we identified a distinct B7.1-responsive element corresponding to the IFN regulatory factor-7 (IRF-7) binding site in the B7.1 promoter responsible for the regulation of LPS-induced B7.1 transcription. Furthermore, SP600125 and dexamethasone inhibited LPS-induced IRF-7 activity. Taken together, these results suggest that LPS-induced B7.1 transcription in human monocytic cells may be regulated by JNK-mediated activation of the IRF-7 transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred Lim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Bracci-Laudiero L, Aloe L, Caroleo MC, Buanne P, Costa N, Starace G, Lundeberg T. Endogenous NGF regulates CGRP expression in human monocytes, and affects HLA-DR and CD86 expression and IL-10 production. Blood 2005; 106:3507-14. [PMID: 16099883 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-10-4055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recent results on autocrine nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis in B lymphocytes, which directly regulates the expression and release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a neuropeptide known to down-regulate immune response, led us to propose an anti-inflammatory action of NGF. In the present work, we investigated whether the endogenous synthesis of NGF can regulate the expression of CGRP in other antigen-presenting cells, such as monocytes, and whether this may have a functional effect. Our data indicate that human monocytes synthesize basal levels of NGF and CGRP and that, following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, NGF and CGRP expression are both up-regulated. When endogenous NGF is neutralized, the up-regulation of CGRP expression induced by LPS is inhibited. The expression of membrane molecules involved in T-cell activation such as human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) and CD86 is affected by endogenous NGF, and similar effects were obtained using a CGRP(1) receptor antagonist. In addition, NGF deprivation in LPS-treated monocytes significantly decreases interleukin 10 (IL-10) synthesis. Our findings indicate that endogenous NGF synthesis has a functional role and may represent a physiologic mechanism to down-regulate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and CD86 expression and alter the development of immune responses.
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Huxley P, Sutton DH, Debnam P, Matthews IR, Brewer JE, Rose J, Trickett M, Williams DD, Andersen TB, Classon BJ. High-affinity small molecule inhibitors of T cell costimulation: compounds for immunotherapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 11:1651-8. [PMID: 15610849 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2004.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2004] [Revised: 09/03/2004] [Accepted: 09/29/2004] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Costimulatory molecules are important regulators of T cell activation and thus favored targets for therapeutic manipulation of immune responses. One of the key costimulatory receptors is CD80, which binds the T cell ligands, CD28, and CTLA-4. We describe a set of small compounds that bind with high specificity and low nanomolar affinity to CD80. The compounds have relatively slow off-rates and block both CD28 and CTLA-4 binding, implying that they occlude the shared ligand binding site. The compounds inhibit proinflammatory cytokine release in T cell assays with submicromolar potency, and as such, they represent promising leads for the development of novel therapeutics for immune-mediated inflammatory disease. Our results also suggest that other predominantly beta proteins, such as those that dominate the cell surface, may also be accessible as potentially therapeutic targets.
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Singh G, Singh B, Trajkovic V, Sharma P. Mycobacterium tuberculosis 6kDa early secreted antigenic target stimulates activation of J774 macrophages. Immunol Lett 2005; 98:180-8. [PMID: 15860216 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2004.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2004] [Revised: 11/10/2004] [Accepted: 11/12/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the 6 kDa early-secreted antigenic target (ESAT-6) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on macrophage activation was investigated using J774 macrophage cell line. While without effect if applied alone, ESAT-6 in a dose-dependent manner enhanced nitric oxide (NO) release by IFN-gamma-stimulated J774 cells. However, it completely failed to modulate NO production in J774 cells activated with E. coli lipopolysaccharide. The effect of ESAT-6 on NO synthesis in IFN-gamma-activated J774 cells was accompanied by up-regulated expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), an enzyme that catalyzes NO formation. ESAT-6-mediated enhancement of macrophage NO release was markedly suppressed by pharmacological agents that selectively inhibit iNOS enzymatic activity or protein tyrosine kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Finally, treatment of J774 macrophages with ESAT-6 also enhanced IFN-gamma-induced expression of the surface molecules B7.1, MHC-II, and ICAM-1. Collectively, these data suggest that ESAT-6 might contribute to macrophage activation in tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyanesh Singh
- Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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Managlia EZ, Landay A, Al-Harthi L. Interleukin-7 signalling is sufficient to phenotypically and functionally prime human CD4 naive T cells. Immunology 2005; 114:322-35. [PMID: 15720434 PMCID: PMC1782087 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2004.02089.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is produced by bone marrow and lymphoid stromal cells and is involved in the synthesis, survival and homeostasis of T cells. These attributes are the basis for current strategies to utilize IL-7 as an immune modulator for several clinical conditions to replenish depleted T-cell numbers. Because we had previously determined that IL-7 can induce potent human immunodeficiency virus replication in the otherwise non-permissive CD4(+) naive T-cell compartment, we evaluated here the impact of IL-7 on the phenotype and functional potential of naive CD4(+) T cells in an attempt to understand the mechanism of this induction. We demonstrate that IL-7 mediated the up-regulation of CD25, CD95 and human leucocyte antigen-DR, while it did not alter the expression of CD45RO, CD69, CD40, or CD154. Examination of the cytokine profile of IL-7-treated naive T cells using a Type1/Type2 Proteome Array indicated a remarkable IL-7-mediated induction of interferon-gamma production, while the other cytokines evaluated (IL-2, IL-12, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13) were not affected. Intracellular staining of IL-7-treated naive T cells for interferon-gamma verified the Proteome data. IL-7 did not induce cell cycle proliferation of naive CD4(+) T cells, as evaluated by 7-AAD/pyronin immunostaining and carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester dye tracking. IL-7 treatment of naive CD4(+) T cells induced their ability to prime monocytes, as was indicated by induction of CD80 and CD86 expression on monocytes cocultured with IL-7-treated naive CD4(+) T cells. Collectively, these data indicate that IL-7 signalling is sufficient to phenotypically and functionally prime human CD4(+) naive T cells independent of antigen stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Z Managlia
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Cliffe LJ, Grencis RK. The Trichuris muris system: a paradigm of resistance and susceptibility to intestinal nematode infection. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2004; 57:255-307. [PMID: 15504540 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-308x(04)57004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal helminths infect over 1 billion people worldwide. Although rarely causing death, such diseases are associated with high levels of morbidity and furthermore bear a large economic burden within areas where infections are endemic. Trichuris muris, a natural intestinal parasite of mice has been extensively utilised as a laboratory model for the study of human whipworm Trichuris trichiura. This has proven to be an invaluable tool in dissecting the different components involved in immunity to trichuris infection. Moreover, it has become a paradigm of cytokine mediated immunity to gastrointestinal nematodes in general. It is well established that resistance and susceptibility to T. muris infection are tightly associated with the generation of a T helper 2 (TH2) or a T helper 1 (TH1) immune response, respectively. This review gives a detailed account of the experimental work which has provided us with this knowledge, and further builds upon this, by focusing upon the most recent developments and important findings from this host-parasite relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Cliffe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Giguère JF, Bounou S, Paquette JS, Madrenas J, Tremblay MJ. Insertion of host-derived costimulatory molecules CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2) into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 affects the virus life cycle. J Virol 2004; 78:6222-32. [PMID: 15163715 PMCID: PMC416533 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.78.12.6222-6232.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) carries virus-encoded and host-derived proteins. Recent advances in the functional characterization of host molecules inserted into mature virus particles have revealed that HIV-1 biology is influenced by the acquisition of host cell membrane components. The CD28/B7 receptor/ligand system is considered one of the fundamental elements of the normal immune response. Two major cell types that harbor HIV-1 in vivo, i.e., monocytes/macrophages and CD4+ T cells, express the costimulatory molecules CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2). We investigated whether CD80 and CD86 are efficiently acquired by HIV-1, and if so, whether these host-encoded molecules can contribute to the virus life cycle. Here we provide the first evidence that the insertion of CD80 and CD86 into HIV-1 increases virus infectivity by facilitating the attachment and entry process due to interactions with their two natural ligands, CD28 and CTLA-4. Moreover, we demonstrate that NF-kappaB is induced by CD80- and CD86-bearing virions when they are combined with the engagement of the T-cell receptor/CD3 complex, an event that is inhibited upon surface expression of CTLA-4. Finally, both CD80 and CD86 were found to be efficiently incorporated into R5- and X4-tropic field strains of HIV-1 expanded in cytokine-treated macrophages. Thus, besides direct interactions between the virus envelope glycoproteins and cell surface constituents, such as CD4 and some specific chemokine coreceptors, HIV-1 may attach to target cells via interactions between cell-derived molecules incorporated into virions and their natural ligands. These findings support the theory that HIV-1-associated host proteins alter virus-host dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Giguère
- Laboratory of Human Immuno-Retrovirology, Research Center in Infectious Diseases, RC709, CHUL Research Center, 2705 Laurier Blvd., Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
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Koike E, Kobayashi T. Ozone exposure enhances antigen-presenting activity of interstitial lung cells in rats. Toxicology 2004; 196:217-27. [PMID: 15036748 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2003.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2003] [Accepted: 10/20/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Ozone (O(3)) as a major component of photochemical air pollutants can increase the levels of allergen-specific antibody and may aggravate allergic symptoms. Antigen presentation is one of the factors contributing to allergic symptoms. Our present study is designed to clarify whether O(3) may increase the antigen-presenting (AP) activity of whole lung cells and its mechanisms. Male Wistar rats were exposed to 1 ppm O(3) for 3 days. The AP activity of whole lung cells and dendritic cells (DC) was measured by proliferation of T-cells. The expression of Ia and costimulatory molecules (B7.1, B7.2, CD11b/c) in lung cells was measured by flow cytometry, and the number of Ia-bearing cells, DC, macrophages, and B-cells in lung interstitum was examined immunohistochemically. The results show that O(3) increases AP activity of whole lung cells and DC, the expression of molecules associated with antigen presentation, and the number of AP cells (APC) in lung. Our results suggest that O(3) may enhance AP activity of lung cells caused by increases in the expression of cell-surface molecules and the number of APC in lung. The increase in the AP activity might contribute to subsequent antibody production, airway hyperresponsiveness and aggravation of allergic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Koike
- Particulate Matter and Diesel Exhaust Project, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
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N/A, 宋 军, 易 粹. N/A. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2004; 12:177-179. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v12.i1.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
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Suvas S, Vohra H, Agrewala JN. Modulation of the expression of M150 on macrophages by Th1/Th2 cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules CD40, B7-1, B7-2 and ICAM-1. Clin Exp Immunol 2003; 134:232-7. [PMID: 14616782 PMCID: PMC1808873 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003.02283.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
M150 is an 150-kDa protein associated with the surface of macrophages and is responsible chiefly for the activation of Th1 cells. It is a unique subset of the lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 glycoprotein and its co-stimulatory activity depends on its post-translational modification, which has a distinct glycosylation pattern restricted to macrophages. In the present study, we have observed that M150 is expressed constitutively on peritoneal but not splenic macrophages isolated from mice of different genetic backgrounds: Balb/c, C57BL/6 and C3He. However, M150 was expressed not only on peritoneal but also on splenic macrophages of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Expression on splenic macrophages was induced by culture with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Expression could also be significantly up-regulated by interferon (IFN)-gamma and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) but was inhibited by interleukin (IL)-10; IL-4 exhibited no effect. Further, cross-linking of B7-2, CD40, ICAM-1 but not B7-1 enhanced the level of M150 significantly. IFN-gamma and GM-CSF acted synergistically with CD40. The significance of these findings is that cytokines IFN-gamma, GM-CSF and IL-10 and the co-stimulatory molecules B7-2, CD40 and ICAM-1 can regulate the expression of M150 on macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Suvas
- Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Microbial Technology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Abstract
B7 costimulation plays a major role in herpes simplex virus (HSV) immunity. Effects of immunoregulatory cytokines (interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma] and interleukin-10 [IL-10]) and HSV antigens on B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) expression on monocytes during HSV-2 infection were investigated using flow cytometry. Our results demonstrate that HSV-2 infection effects the expression of B7 isoforms (B7-1 and B7-2) on monocytes in two ways, with opposing outcomes. It abrogates the IFN-gamma upregulation of B7-1 and B7-2 and also augments expression of B7-1 and B7-2 on monocytes through an IFN-gamma independent mechanism. The clinical significance of these opposing effects may be related to the pathogenesis of recurrent HSV disease in immunocompetent hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Singh R, Kumar A, Creery WD, Ruben M, Giulivi A, Diaz-Mitoma F. Dysregulated expression of IFN-gamma and IL-10 and impaired IFN-gamma-mediated responses at different disease stages in patients with genital herpes simplex virus-2 infection. Clin Exp Immunol 2003; 133:97-107. [PMID: 12823283 PMCID: PMC1808753 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003.02183.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-mediated T-helper type-1 (Th1) responses play a vital role in the immunopathogenesis of genital infections caused by herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2). We investigated the role of Th responses in HSV-2 infection at different disease stages by analysing the production of Th cytokines in HSV-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). IFN-gamma production decreased over time following a recurrence, whereas levels of IL-10, and to a lesser extent IL-2, remained elevated during this period. In addition, PBMCs from asymptomatic seropositive individuals produced high levels of IFN-gamma and low levels of IL-10, in contrast to individuals with a history of genital ulcers. Following a recurrence, virus copy number in the genital lesions decreased progressively over time, in a manner similar to IFN-gamma production by HSV-2-stimulated PBMCs. Enhanced production of IFN-gamma may modulate HSV replication and B7 expression on monocytic cells of HSV-infected individuals. In contrast to seronegative controls, IFN-gamma failed to enhance B7 expression on monocytic cells of HSV-infected individuals. In addition, monocytic cells from HSV-2-infected individuals with recurrent disease supported greater HSV replication than did those of HSV-infected asymptomatic individuals or seronegative controls. Furthermore, addition of IFN-gamma resulted in enhanced HSV replication in monocytic cells of HSV-infected individuals with recurrent disease, in contrast to the inhibition observed in HSV-seropositive asymptomatic individuals and seronegative controls. Taken together, our results suggest that dysregulated production of IFN-gamma at different disease stages and the impaired ability of monocytic cells to respond to IFN-gamma may play a role in the pathogenesis of recurrent genital herpes disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10 is an important immunoregulatory cytokine produced by many cell populations. Its main biological function seems to be the limitation and termination of inflammatory responses and the regulation of differentiation and proliferation of several immune cells such as T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, antigen-presenting cells, mast cells, and granulocytes. However, very recent data suggest IL-10 also mediates immunostimulatory properties that help to eliminate infectious and noninfectious particles with limited inflammation. Numerous investigations, including expression analyses in patients, in vitro and animal experiments suggest a major impact of IL-10 in inflammatory, malignant, and autoimmune diseases. So IL-10 overexpression was found in certain tumors as melanoma and several lymphomas and is considered to promote further tumor development. Systemic IL-10 release is a powerful tool of the central nervous system to prevent hyperinflammatory processes by activation of the neuro-endocrine axis following acute stress reactions. In contrast, a relative IL-10 deficiency has been observed and is regarded to be of pathophysiological relevance in certain inflammatory disorders characterized by a type 1 cytokine pattern such as psoriasis. Recombinant human IL-10 has been produced and is currently being tested in clinical trials. This includes rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, organ transplantation, and chronic hepatitis C. The results are heterogeneous. They give new insight into the immunobiology of IL-10 and suggest that the IL-10/IL-10 receptor system may become a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Asadullah
- Head of Corporate Research Business Area Dermatology, Schering AG, D-13342 Berlin, Germany.
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Filion LG, Matusevicius D, Graziani-Bowering GM, Kumar A, Freedman MS. Monocyte-derived IL12, CD86 (B7-2) and CD40L expression in relapsing and progressive multiple sclerosis. Clin Immunol 2003; 106:127-38. [PMID: 12672403 DOI: 10.1016/s1521-6616(02)00028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis has been postulated to be an autoimmune disease in which Th1 immune responses predominate. This response is associated with an increased production of IFNgamma and IL12 produced by T cells and by cells of the monocyte (MO) lineage, respectively. An increased expression of costimulatory molecules by T cells and antigen-presenting cells is also observed. We hypothesized that in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) (with or without of IFNbeta treatment) and in secondary progressive patients (SPMS) IL12 and costimulatory molecules (CD80 [B7-1], CD86 [B7-2], CD28, CD40, CD40L) would be differentially produced or expressed by MO or T cells. We performed cross-sectional and longitudinal flow cytometric studies (at monthly intervals) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or on MO from SPMS or untreated and IFNbeta-treated patients with RRMS. We determined that CD86 and CD40L expression was highest on MO derived from SPMS patients compared to those from RRMS or from healthy controls (HC). In vitro culture of PBMC with recombinant human IL10, a cytokine that may be increased in response to treatment with IFNbeta and that down-regulates CD86 expression, reduced the expression of CD86 on MO derived from RRMS patients to a much higher degree compared to cells derived from SPMS or HC. In vitro secreted IL12 levels from freshly isolated MO from SPMS patients were more than 10-fold higher than either the treated or the untreated RRMS or HC. RRMS patients treated with IFNbeta demonstrated slightly lower levels of MO IL12 secretion. Our data suggest that a key mechanism in the pathogenesis of MS is the increased expression of CD86 and CD40L and the increased production of IL12 during disease progression. Part of the mechanism of action of IFNbeta may be to reduce MO CD86 and CD40L expression and IL12 secretion; failure to do so might signify either a lack of response or a transition to a more progressive phase of illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel G Filion
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.
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