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Wilcox EC, Edelman ER. Substratum interactions determine immune response to allogeneic transplants of endothelial cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:946794. [PMID: 36003373 PMCID: PMC9393654 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.946794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are central to vascular health but also interact with and regulate the immune system. Changes in endothelial state enable immune cells to migrate into the tissue to facilitate repair and fight infection. ECs modulate the function of immune cells through the expression of adhesion molecules, chemokines, major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and an array of co-stimulatory and inhibitor molecules. These interactions allow ECs to act as antigen presenting cells (APCs) and influence the outcome of immune recognition. This study elucidates how EC microenvironment, vascular cell biology, and immune response are not only connected but interdependent. More specifically, we explored how cell-substratum interactions influence EC antigen presentation and co-stimulation, and how these differences affect allorecognition in animal models of cell transplantation. Investigation of EC state was carried out using RNA sequencing while assessment of the allogeneic response includes measurements of immune cell cytotoxic ability, T cell proliferation, cytokine release, serum antibodies, and histological staining. Differences in substratum led to divergent EC phenotypes which in turn influenced immune response to transplanted cells, both due to the physical barrier of matrix-adhesion and differences in expression of surface markers. ECs grown in 2D on tissue culture plastic or in 3D on collagen scaffolds had significantly different basal levels of MHC expression, co-stimulatory and adhesion molecules. When treated with cytokines to mimic an inflammatory state, ECs did not converge to a single phenotype but rather responded differently based on their substratum. Generally, 3D ECs were more responsive to inflammatory stimuli than 2D ECs. These unique expression patterns measured in vitro also influence immune recognition in vivo. ECs grown in 2D were more likely to provoke a cytotoxic response while 3D ECs induced T cell proliferation. ECs are uniquely configured to sense not only local flow and mechanical forces but a range of markers related to systemic state, including immune function. ECs interact with immune cells with differing results depending on the environment in which the EC-lymphocyte interaction occurs. Therefore, understanding this relationship is essential to predicting and modifying the outcome of EC-immune interacts. We specifically examined the relationship between EC substratum and allorecognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise C. Wilcox
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Elise C. Wilcox,
| | - Elazer R. Edelman
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Yin K, Patten D, Gough S, de Barros Gonçalves S, Chan A, Olan I, Cassidy L, Poblocka M, Zhu H, Lun A, Schuijs M, Young A, Martinez-Jimenez C, Halim TYF, Shetty S, Narita M, Hoare M. Senescence-induced endothelial phenotypes underpin immune-mediated senescence surveillance. Genes Dev 2022; 36:533-549. [PMID: 35618311 PMCID: PMC9186388 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349585.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Senescence is a stress-responsive tumor suppressor mechanism associated with expression of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Through the SASP, senescent cells trigger their own immune-mediated elimination, which if evaded leads to tumorigenesis. Senescent parenchymal cells are separated from circulating immunocytes by the endothelium, which is targeted by microenvironmental signaling. Here we show that SASP induces endothelial cell NF-κB activity and that SASP-induced endothelial expression of the canonical NF-κB component Rela underpins senescence surveillance. Using human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), we show that SASP-induced endothelial NF-κB activity regulates a conserved transcriptional program supporting immunocyte recruitment. Furthermore, oncogenic hepatocyte senescence drives murine LSEC NF-κB activity in vivo. Critically, we show two distinct endothelial pathways in senescence surveillance. First, endothelial-specific loss of Rela prevents development of Stat1-expressing CD4+ T lymphocytes. Second, the SASP up-regulates ICOSLG on LSECs, with the ICOS-ICOSLG axis contributing to senescence cell clearance. Our results show that the endothelium is a nonautonomous SASP target and an organizing center for immune-mediated senescence surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Yin
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 München, Germany
| | - Daniel Patten
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Gough
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | | | - Adelyne Chan
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Ioana Olan
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Cassidy
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Poblocka
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Haoran Zhu
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Lun
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Martijn Schuijs
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Young
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | | | - Timotheus Y F Halim
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Shishir Shetty
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Masashi Narita
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-0026, Japan
| | - Matthew Hoare
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
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Bolandi N, Derakhshani A, Hemmat N, Baghbanzadeh A, Asadzadeh Z, Afrashteh Nour M, Brunetti O, Bernardini R, Silvestris N, Baradaran B. The Positive and Negative Immunoregulatory Role of B7 Family: Promising Novel Targets in Gastric Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910719. [PMID: 34639059 PMCID: PMC8509619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC), with a heterogeneous nature, is the third leading cause of death worldwide. Over the past few decades, stable reductions in the incidence of GC have been observed. However, due to the poor response to common treatments and late diagnosis, this cancer is still considered one of the lethal cancers. Emerging methods such as immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the landscape of treatment for GC patients. There are presently eleven known members of the B7 family as immune checkpoint molecules: B7-1 (CD80), B7-2 (CD86), B7-H1 (PD-L1, CD274), B7-DC (PDCD1LG2, PD-L2, CD273), B7-H2 (B7RP1, ICOS-L, CD275), B7-H3 (CD276), B7-H4 (B7x, B7S1, Vtcn1), B7-H5 (VISTA, Gi24, DD1α, Dies1 SISP1), B7-H6 (NCR3LG1), B7-H7 (HHLA2), and Ig-like domain-containing receptor 2 (ILDR2). Interaction of the B7 family of immune-regulatory ligands with the corresponding receptors resulted in the induction and inhibition of T cell responses by sending co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory signals, respectively. Manipulation of the signals provided by the B7 family has significant potential in the management of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bolandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran; (N.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.); (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.A.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 571478334, Iran
| | - Afshin Derakhshani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran; (N.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.); (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.A.N.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Nima Hemmat
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran; (N.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.); (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran; (N.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.); (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Zahra Asadzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran; (N.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.); (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Mina Afrashteh Nour
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran; (N.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.); (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.A.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 571478334, Iran
| | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncology Unit—IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Renato Bernardini
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95100 Catania, Italy;
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit—IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (B.B.); Tel.: +98-413-3371440 (B.B.); Fax: +98-413-3371311 (B.B.)
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran; (N.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.); (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.A.N.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (B.B.); Tel.: +98-413-3371440 (B.B.); Fax: +98-413-3371311 (B.B.)
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Markousis-Mavrogenis G, Tromp J, Ouwerkerk W, Ferreira JP, Anker SD, Cleland JG, Dickstein K, Filippatos G, Lang CC, Metra M, Samani NJ, de Boer RA, van Veldhuisen DJ, Voors AA, van der Meer P. Multimarker profiling identifies protective and harmful immune processes in heart failure: findings from BIOSTAT-CHF. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:1964-1977. [PMID: 34264317 PMCID: PMC9239579 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The exploration of novel immunomodulatory interventions to improve outcome in heart
failure (HF) is hampered by the complexity/redundancies of inflammatory pathways, which
remain poorly understood. We thus aimed to investigate the associations between the
activation of diverse immune processes and outcomes in patients with HF. Methods and results We measured 355 biomarkers in 2022 patients with worsening HF and an independent
validation cohort (n = 1691) (BIOSTAT-CHF index and validation
cohorts), and classified them according to their functions into biological processes
based on the gene ontology classification. Principal component analyses were used to
extract weighted scores per process. We investigated the association of these processes
with all-cause mortality at 2-year follow-up. The contribution of each biomarker to the
weighted score(s) of the processes was used to identify potential therapeutic targets.
Mean age was 69 (±12.0) years and 537 (27%) patients were women. We identified 64 unique
overrepresented immune-related processes representing 188 of 355 biomarkers. Of these
processes, 19 were associated with all-cause mortality (10 positively and 9 negatively).
Increased activation of ‘T-cell costimulation’ and ‘response to
interferon-gamma/positive regulation of interferon-gamma production’ showed
the most consistent positive and negative associations with all-cause mortality,
respectively, after external validation. Within T-cell costimulation,
inducible costimulator ligand, CD28, CD70, and tumour necrosis factor superfamily
member-14 were identified as potential therapeutic targets. Conclusions We demonstrate the divergent protective and harmful effects of different immune
processes in HF and suggest novel therapeutic targets. These findings constitute a rich
knowledge base for informing future studies of inflammation in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wouter Ouwerkerk
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of
Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore
117549, Singapore
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam,
Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan
1117, 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - João Pedro Ferreira
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques, -
PlurithÕmatique 14-33, and Inserm U1116, CHRU, F-CRIN
INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Nancy, France
- Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and
Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto,
Porto, Portugal
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism – Heart Failure, Cachexia &
Sarcopenia, Department of Cardiology (CVK), Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative
Therapies (BCRT), at Charité University Medicine, Charitépl.
1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medicine Göttingen
(UMG), Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen,
Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research),
Potsdamer Str. 58 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - John G Cleland
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing,
University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College,
Guy Scadding Building, Dovehouse St, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Kenneth Dickstein
- University of Bergen, Stavanger University Hospital,
Gerd-Ragna Bloch Thorsens gate 8, 4011 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital
Attikon, Rimini 1, Chaidari 124 62, Athens,
Greece
| | - Chim C Lang
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Marco Metra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and
Public Health, Institute of Cardiology, University of Brescia,
Piazza del Mercato, 15, 25121 Brescia BS, Italy
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, University of
Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | | | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University
of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen,
TheNetherlands
| | - Dirk J van Veldhuisen
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University
of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen,
TheNetherlands
| | - Adriaan A Voors
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University
of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen,
TheNetherlands
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Peelen DM, Hoogduijn MJ, Hesselink DA, Baan CC. Advanced in vitro Research Models to Study the Role of Endothelial Cells in Solid Organ Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:607953. [PMID: 33664744 PMCID: PMC7921837 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.607953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium plays a key role in acute and chronic rejection of solid organ transplants. During both processes the endothelium is damaged often with major consequences for organ function. Also, endothelial cells (EC) have antigen-presenting properties and can in this manner initiate and enhance alloreactive immune responses. For decades, knowledge about these roles of EC have been obtained by studying both in vitro and in vivo models. These experimental models poorly imitate the immune response in patients and might explain why the discovery and development of agents that control EC responses is hampered. In recent years, various innovative human 3D in vitro models mimicking in vivo organ structure and function have been developed. These models will extend the knowledge about the diverse roles of EC in allograft rejection and will hopefully lead to discoveries of new targets that are involved in the interactions between the donor organ EC and the recipient's immune system. Moreover, these models can be used to gain a better insight in the mode of action of the currently prescribed immunosuppression and will enhance the development of novel therapeutics aiming to reduce allograft rejection and prolong graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne M Peelen
- Rotterdam Transplant Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martin J Hoogduijn
- Rotterdam Transplant Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dennis A Hesselink
- Rotterdam Transplant Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carla C Baan
- Rotterdam Transplant Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Amatore F, Ortonne N, Lopez M, Orlanducci F, Castellano R, Ingen-Housz-Oro S, De Croos A, Salvado C, Gorvel L, Goubard A, Collette Y, Bouabdallah R, Schiano JM, Bonnet N, Grob JJ, Gaulard P, Bagot M, Bensussan A, Berbis P, Olive D. ICOS is widely expressed in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and its targeting promotes potent killing of malignant cells. Blood Adv 2020; 4:5203-5214. [PMID: 33095875 PMCID: PMC7594390 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of advanced-stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) remains an unmet medical need. Mogamulizumab, anti-KIR3DL2, and brentuximab vedotin (BV), an anti-CD30 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) coupled with monomethyl-auristatin-E (MMAE), provided encouraging results, but new targeted therapies are needed. Inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS), a T-cell costimulatory receptor, is a promising therapeutic target, not only because it is expressed by malignant T cells in CTCL but also because of its connection with the suppressive activity of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that ICOS was widely expressed by malignant cells in skin biopsy specimens from 52 patients with mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome (SS), as well as in involved node biopsy specimens from patients with SS. Furthermore, flow cytometry demonstrated its strong expression by circulating tumor cells in all our patients with SS. Percentages of ICOS+ Treg cells were significantly higher in patients with SS than in healthy donors. We then investigated the preclinical efficacy of anti-ICOS ADCs generated by coupling murine anti-ICOS monoclonal antibodies with MMAE and pyrrolobenzodiazepine. In 3 CTCL cell lines (Myla, MJ, and HUT78), we observed a significant dose-dependent decrease in cell viability in the presence of anti-ICOS ADCs. In addition, anti-ICOS-MMAE ADCs had an in vitro and in vivo efficacy superior to BV in a mouse xenograft model (MyLa). Finally, we assessed the efficacy of anti-ICOS ADCs in ICOS+ patient-derived xenografts from patients with SS and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. Collectively, our findings provide the preliminary basis for a therapeutic trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Amatore
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique U7258, Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Cancers, Hôpital de la Timone, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Department of Dermatology, Aix Marseille University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | | | - Marc Lopez
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique U7258, Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Orlanducci
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique U7258, Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Rémy Castellano
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique U7258, Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Saskia Ingen-Housz-Oro
- Department of Dermatology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Créteil, France
| | | | | | - Laurent Gorvel
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique U7258, Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Armelle Goubard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique U7258, Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Yves Collette
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique U7258, Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Réda Bouabdallah
- Department of Hematology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Schiano
- Department of Hematology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Bonnet
- Department of Dermatology, Aix Marseille University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Grob
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Cancers, Hôpital de la Timone, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | - Martine Bagot
- Department of Dermatology, Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP, Paris University, INSERM U976, Paris, France; and
| | - Armand Bensussan
- Paris University, INSERM, UMR-976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Berbis
- Department of Dermatology, Aix Marseille University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique U7258, Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
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Amatore F, Gorvel L, Olive D. Role of Inducible Co-Stimulator (ICOS) in cancer immunotherapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 20:141-150. [PMID: 31738626 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1693540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The promotion of antitumor response by targeting co-stimulatory B7 superfamily members has become evident to create a new wave of cancer immunotherapy. Inducible Co-Stimulator (ICOS), which is expressed on activated T cells, gained interest in the translational medicine community.Areas covered: We performed an extensive literature review using the keywords 'ICOS' and 'cancer', and the Clinicaltrials.gov database for early phase clinical trials targeting ICOS. In this review, we highlight the dual role of ICOS in oncogenesis in different malignancies. We summarize the current state of knowledge about ICOS/ICOSL pathway targeting by immunotherapies.Expert opinion: Due to its multifaceted link with anti-tumor immunity, both antagonist and agonist antibodies might be of interest to target the ICOS/ICOSL pathway for tumor treatment. Indeed, ICOS activation might potentiate the effect of an inhibitory checkpoint blockade, while its neutralization could decrease the function of immunosuppressive Tregs and inhibit lymphoid tumor cells expressing Tfh markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Amatore
- Centre de recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS U7258, Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli - Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Gorvel
- Centre de recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS U7258, Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli - Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Centre de recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS U7258, Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli - Calmettes, Marseille, France
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8
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Amatore F, Gorvel L, Olive D. Inducible Co-Stimulator (ICOS) as a potential therapeutic target for anti-cancer therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:343-351. [PMID: 29468927 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1444753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The recent success of checkpoint-inhibitors in cancer treatment paved the way for the development of new strategies of agonist and antagonist agents against B7 superfamily members. Inducible Co-Stimulator (ICOS), a co-stimulatory receptor for T-cell enhancement, arouses interest. Areas covered: We performed an extensive literature search with PUBMED using the keywords 'ICOS' and 'cancer' to discuss its involvement in oncogenesis, its expression in different malignancies, and its targeting in relevant preclinical studies. We also searched the Clinicaltrials.gov database for recent updates on early phase clinical trials. Expert opinion: ICOS/ICOSL axis has a dual effect and might participate in anti-tumour T cell response as well as a pro-tumour response due to its connection with regulatory T-cells (Tregs) suppressive activity. Therefore, both antagonist and agonist antibodies might be of interest in the targeting ICOS/ICOSL pathway for cancer treatment. In preclinical studies, ICOS agonist monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have shown to potentiate the effect of inhibitory checkpoint blockade. In contrast, antagonistic anti-ICOS mAbs could not only inhibit lymphoid tumour cells expressing ICOS, but also dampen immunosuppressive Tregs. Two agonist and one antagonist mAbs are evaluated in phase I/II trials. Efficacy, safety, and combination strategies with anti-ICOS agonist or antagonist have yet to be specified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Amatore
- a Centre de recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS U7258 , Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli - Calmettes , Marseille , France
| | - Laurent Gorvel
- a Centre de recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS U7258 , Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli - Calmettes , Marseille , France
| | - Daniel Olive
- a Centre de recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS U7258 , Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli - Calmettes , Marseille , France
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9
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Sakthivel P, Grunewald J, Eklund A, Bruder D, Wahlström J. Pulmonary sarcoidosis is associated with high-level inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) expression on lung regulatory T cells--possible implications for the ICOS/ICOS-ligand axis in disease course and resolution. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 183:294-306. [PMID: 26415669 PMCID: PMC4711163 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology. The increased frequency of activated lung CD4(+) T cells with a T helper type 1 (Th1) cytokine profile in sarcoidosis patients is accompanied by a reduced proportion and/or impaired function of regulatory T cells (Tregs ). Here we evaluated the expression of the inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) on lung and blood CD4(+) T cell subsets in sarcoidosis patients with different prognosis, by flow cytometry. Samples from the deep airways were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). We show that Tregs from the inflamed lung of sarcoidosis patients were characterized by a unique ICOS(high) phenotype. High-level ICOS expression was restricted to Tregs from the inflamed lung and was absent in blood Tregs of sarcoidosis patients as well as in lung and blood Tregs of healthy volunteers. In addition, lung Tregs exhibited increased ICOS expression compared to sarcoid-specific lung effector T cells. Strikingly, ICOS expression on Tregs was in particularly high in the lungs of Löfgren's syndrome (LS) patients who present with acute disease which often resolves spontaneously. Moreover, blood monocytes from LS patients revealed increased ICOS-L levels compared to healthy donors. Sarcoidosis was associated with a shift towards a non-classical monocyte phenotype and the ICOS-L(high) phenotype was restricted to this particular monocyte subset. We propose a potential implication of the ICOS/ICOS-L immune-regulatory axis in disease activity and resolution and suggest to evaluate further the suitability of ICOS as biomarker for the prognosis of sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Sakthivel
- Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany and Infection Immunology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Control and PreventionOtto‐von‐Guericke University MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
| | - J. Grunewald
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska Institutet and Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - A. Eklund
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska Institutet and Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - D. Bruder
- Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany and Infection Immunology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Control and PreventionOtto‐von‐Guericke University MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
| | - J. Wahlström
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska Institutet and Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
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10
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Wheway J, Latham SL, Combes V, Grau GER. Endothelial microparticles interact with and support the proliferation of T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:3378-87. [PMID: 25187656 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells closely interact with circulating lymphocytes. Aggression or activation of the endothelium leads to an increased shedding of endothelial cell microparticles (MP). Endothelial MP (EMP) are found in high plasma levels in numerous immunoinflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis, sepsis, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral malaria, supporting their role as effectors and markers of vascular dysfunction. Given our recently described role for human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBEC) in modulating immune responses, we investigated how HBEC-derived MP could interact with and support the proliferation of T cells. Like their mother cells, EMP expressed molecules important for Ag presentation and T cell costimulation, that is, β2-microglobulin, MHC II, CD40, and ICOSL. HBEC were able to take up fluorescently labeled Ags with EMP also containing fluorescent Ags, suggestive of Ag carryover from HBEC to EMP. In cocultures, fluorescently labeled EMP from resting or cytokine-stimulated HBEC formed conjugates with both CD4(+) and CD8(+) subsets, with higher proportions of T cells binding EMP from cytokine-stimulated cells. The increased binding of EMP from cytokinestimulated HBEC to T cells was VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 dependent. Finally, in CFSE T cell proliferation assays using anti-CD3 mAb or T cell mitogens, EMP promoted the proliferation of CD4(+) T cells and that of CD8(+) T cells in the absence of exogenous stimuli and in the T cell mitogenic stimulation. Our findings provide novel evidence that EMP can enhance T cell activation and potentially ensuing Ag presentation, thereby pointing toward a novel role for MP in neuroimmunological complications of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Wheway
- Vascular Immunology Unit, Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Sharissa L Latham
- Vascular Immunology Unit, Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Valery Combes
- Vascular Immunology Unit, Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Georges E R Grau
- Vascular Immunology Unit, Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
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11
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Sakthivel P, Gereke M, Breithaupt A, Fuchs D, Gigliotti L, Gruber AD, Dianzani U, Bruder D. Attenuation of immune-mediated influenza pneumonia by targeting the inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) molecule on T cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100970. [PMID: 25029240 PMCID: PMC4100737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducible Co-stimulator (ICOS) plays a critical role in mediating T cell differentiation and function and is considered a key player in balancing T effector and T regulatory (Treg) cell responses. Here we show that activation of the ICOS signalling pathway during acute influenza A virus (IAV) infection by application of an agonistic ICOS antibody reduced the frequency of CD8+ T cells in the respiratory tract of IAV infected animals and delayed pathogen elimination. In line with this, immune-mediated influenza pneumonia was significantly ameliorated in mice that received ICOS agonist as indicated by significantly reduced alveolar infiltrations and bronchointerstitial pneumonia, while at the same time virus-related pathology remained unaffected. Importantly, ICOS agonist treatment resulted in expansion of CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs in IAV infected mice, which was associated with elevated levels of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 in the alveolar space. Together, our findings suggest a prominent role of ICOS signaling during acute IAV infection by increasing the Treg/CD8+ T cell ratio with beneficial outcome on immune-mediated pneumonia and underline the suitability of ICOS as potential therapeutic target for immune intervention in those infectious conditions characterized by strong immunopathology rather than virus-mediated cytopathic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sakthivel
- Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marcus Gereke
- Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Infection Immunology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Angele Breithaupt
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Free University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Luca Gigliotti
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, “A. Avogadro” University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Achim D. Gruber
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Free University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, “A. Avogadro” University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Dunja Bruder
- Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Infection Immunology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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12
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Mai J, Virtue A, Shen J, Wang H, Yang XF. An evolving new paradigm: endothelial cells--conditional innate immune cells. J Hematol Oncol 2013; 6:61. [PMID: 23965413 PMCID: PMC3765446 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-6-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are a heterogeneous population that fulfills many physiological processes. ECs also actively participate in both innate and adaptive immune responses. ECs are one of the first cell types to detect foreign pathogens and endogenous metabolite-related danger signals in the bloodstream, in which ECs function as danger signal sensors. Treatment with lipopolysaccharide activates ECs, causing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which amplify the immune response by recruiting immune cells. Thus, ECs function as immune/inflammation effectors and immune cell mobilizers. ECs also induce cytokine production by immune cells, in which ECs function as immune regulators either by activating or suppressing immune cell function. In addition, under certain conditions, ECs can serve as antigen presenting cells (antigen presenters) by expressing both MHC I and II molecules and presenting endothelial antigens to T cells. These facts along with the new concept of endothelial plasticity suggest that ECs are dynamic cells that respond to extracellular environmental changes and play a meaningful role in immune system function. Based on these novel EC functions, we propose a new paradigm that ECs are conditional innate immune cells. This paradigm provides a novel insight into the functions of ECs in inflammatory/immune pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jietang Mai
- Centers of Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Anthony Virtue
- Centers of Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Jerry Shen
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Community Health Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Centers of Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- Centers of Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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13
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Wheway J, Obeid S, Couraud PO, Combes V, Grau GER. The brain microvascular endothelium supports T cell proliferation and has potential for alloantigen presentation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52586. [PMID: 23320074 PMCID: PMC3540051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) form the inner lining of blood vessels and are positioned between circulating lymphocytes and tissues. Hypotheses have formed that EC may act as antigen presenting cells based on the intimate interactions with T cells, which are seen in diseases like multiple sclerosis, cerebral malaria (CM) and viral neuropathologies. Here, we investigated how human brain microvascular EC (HBEC) interact with and support the proliferation of T cells. We found HBEC to express MHC II, CD40 and ICOSL, key molecules for antigen presentation and co-stimulation and to take up fluorescently labeled antigens via macropinocytosis. In co-cultures, we showed that HBEC support and promote the proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which both are key in CM pathogenesis, particularly following T cell receptor activation and co-stimulation. Our findings provide novel evidence that HBEC can trigger T cell activation, thereby providing a novel mechanism for neuroimmunological complications of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Wheway
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
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14
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Scolletta S, Buonamano A, Sottili M, Giomarelli P, Biagioli B, Vannelli GB, Serio M, Romagnani P, Crescioli C. CXCL10 release in cardiopulmonary bypass: An in vivo and in vitro study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomag.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Hu H, Wu X, Jin W, Chang M, Cheng X, Sun SC. Noncanonical NF-kappaB regulates inducible costimulator (ICOS) ligand expression and T follicular helper cell development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:12827-32. [PMID: 21768353 PMCID: PMC3150902 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1105774108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells have a central role in mediating humoral immune responses. Generation of Tfh cells depends on both T-cell intrinsic factors and the supporting function of B cells, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here we show that NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK), a central component of the noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathway, is required for Tfh cell development. Unlike other known Tfh regulators, NIK acts by controlling the supporting function of B cells. NIK and its upstream BAFF receptor regulate B-cell expression of inducible costimulator ligand (ICOSL), a molecule required for Tfh cell generation. Consistently, injection of a recombinant ICOSL protein into NIK-deficient mice largely rescues their defect in Tfh cell development. We provide biochemical and genetic evidence indicating that the ICOSL gene is a specific target of the noncanonical NF-κB. Our findings suggest that the noncanonical NF-κB pathway regulates the development of Tfh cells by mediating ICOSL gene expression in B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Hu
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 and
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 and
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 and
| | - Mikyoung Chang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 and
| | - Xuhong Cheng
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 and
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 and
- University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030
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16
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Martin-Orozco N, Li Y, Wang Y, Liu S, Hwu P, Liu YJ, Dong C, Radvanyi L. Melanoma cells express ICOS ligand to promote the activation and expansion of T-regulatory cells. Cancer Res 2010; 70:9581-90. [PMID: 21098714 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T-regulatory cells (Tregs) accumulate in tumors; however, little is known about how the tumor environment influences this process. Here we show that human melanomas express inducible T-cell costimulator ligand (ICOS-L/B7H) that can provide costimulation through ICOS for the expansion of activated Tregs maintaining high Foxp3 and CD25 expression as well as a suppressive function. Thus, ICOS-L expression by melanoma tumor cells may directly drive Treg activation and expansion in the tumor microenvironment as another mechanism of immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Martin-Orozco
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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17
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Zhang P, Manes TD, Pober JS, Tellides G. Human vascular smooth muscle cells lack essential costimulatory molecules to activate allogeneic memory T cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:1795-801. [PMID: 20539019 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.200758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The arterial media, populated by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), is an immunoprivileged compartment and, in contrast to the intima or adventitia containing endothelial cells, is generally spared by inflammatory processes, such as arteriosclerosis. To determine mechanisms of medial immunoprivilege, we investigated the ability of human VSMC versus endothelial cells to activate allogeneic T cells in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS Unlike cultured endothelial cells, cultured VSMC do not activate allogeneic memory CD4 or CD8 T cells and fail to effectively support T-cell proliferation to the polyclonal activator, phytohemagglutinin, consistent with a defect in costimulation function. Although many costimulators are comparably expressed on both cell types, endothelial cells but not VSMC basally express OX40 ligand and upregulate inducible costimulator ligand in response to proinflammatory cytokines. OX40 ligand-transduced, but not control- or inducible costimulator ligand-transduced, VSMC acquire the capacity to stimulate allogeneic memory CD4 T cells to produce cytokines and to proliferate in the presence of supplemental l-tryptophan. OX40 ligand overexpression, although not essential, also enhances allogeneic memory CD8 T-cell responses to VSMC after l-tryptophan supplementation. CONCLUSIONS The inability of cultured VSMC to activate memory T cells results from a lack of essential costimulators, particularly OX40 ligand, in addition to indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-mediated tryptophan depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhang
- Departments of Surgery, Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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18
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Schenk AD, Gorbacheva V, Rabant M, Fairchild RL, Valujskikh A. Effector functions of donor-reactive CD8 memory T cells are dependent on ICOS induced during division in cardiac grafts. Am J Transplant 2009; 9:64-73. [PMID: 18976292 PMCID: PMC3289995 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02460.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alloreactive T-cell memory is present in every transplant recipient and endangers graft survival. Even in the absence of known sensitizing exposures, heterologous immunity and homeostatic T-cell proliferation generate 'endogenous' memory T cells with donor-reactivity. We have recently shown that endogenous donor-reactive CD8 memory T cells infiltrate murine cardiac allografts within hours of reperfusion and amplify early posttransplant inflammation by producing IFN-gamma. Here, we have tested the role of ICOS co-stimulation in eliciting effector function from these memory T cells. ICOS is not expressed on the cell surface of circulating CD8 memory T cells but is rapidly upregulated during cell division within the allograft parenchyma. Donor-reactive CD8 memory T-cell infiltration, proliferation and ICOS expression are regulated by donor class I MHC molecule expression. ICOS blockade significantly reduced IFN-gamma production and other proinflammatory functions of the activated CD8 memory T cells. Our data demonstrate that this induction of ICOS expression within peripheral tissues is an important feature of CD8 memory T-cell activation and identify ICOS as a specific target for neutralizing proinflammatory functions of endogenous CD8 memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. D. Schenk
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH,Glickman Urological Institute and Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH,Corresponding author: Austin Schenk,
| | - V. Gorbacheva
- Glickman Urological Institute and Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - M. Rabant
- Glickman Urological Institute and Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH,Service de Transplantation Renale, H^opital Necker, Paris Cedex, France
| | - R. L. Fairchild
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH,Glickman Urological Institute and Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - A. Valujskikh
- Glickman Urological Institute and Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
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19
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Borgogni E, Sarchielli E, Sottili M, Santarlasci V, Cosmi L, Gelmini S, Lombardi A, Cantini G, Perigli G, Luconi M, Vannelli GB, Annunziato F, Adorini L, Serio M, Crescioli C. Elocalcitol inhibits inflammatory responses in human thyroid cells and T cells. Endocrinology 2008; 149:3626-34. [PMID: 18372324 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
T-helper 1 (Th1) cell-mediated inflammatory responses predominate in the early pathogenesis of Graves' disease (GD), whereas Th2 cell-mediated immunity may play a role in later stages. The chemokine CXCL10 and its receptor CXCR3 are expressed in most thyroid glands of early GD patients. Circulating CXCL10 levels inversely correlate with disease duration; CXCL10 maximal expression also correlates with interferon (IFN)gamma levels in recent GD onset. Methimazole (MMI) reduces CXCL10 secretion by isolated thyrocytes, decreases serum CXCL10 levels, and promotes a transition from Th1 to Th2 dominance in patients in GD active phase. Vitamin D receptor agonists exhibit antiinflammatory properties and promote tolerance induction. We investigated the effects and the mechanism of action of a nonhypercalcemic vitamin D receptor agonist, elocalcitol (BXL-628), compared with MMI on CXCL10 secretion induced by proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, we studied the effects of both drugs on Th1, Th17, and Th2 cytokine secretion in CD4+ T cells. ELISA, cytometry, immunocytochemistry, Western blot, and quantitative real-time PCR were used for protein and gene analysis. In human thyrocytes, elocalcitol inhibited IFNgamma and TNFalpha-induced CXCL10 protein secretion more potently than MMI. Elocalcitol impaired both cytokine intracellular pathways, whereas MMI was effective only on the IFNgamma pathway. In CD4+ T cells, elocalcitol decreased Th1- and Th17-type cytokines, and promoted Th2-type cytokine secretion. Elocalcitol and MMI inhibited Th1 cytokine-mediated responses in thyrocytes and CD4+ T cells. In addition, elocalcitol promoted a shift toward a Th2 response. In conclusion, elocalcitol could represent a novel pharmacological tool in the treatment of autoimmune thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Borgogni
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy
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20
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Crescioli C, Squecco R, Cosmi L, Sottili M, Gelmini S, Borgogni E, Sarchielli E, Scolletta S, Francini F, Annunziato F, Vannelli GB, Serio M. Immunosuppression in cardiac graft rejection: a human in vitro model to study the potential use of new immunomodulatory drugs. Exp Cell Res 2008; 314:1337-50. [PMID: 18291365 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2007] [Revised: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
CXCL10-CXCR3 axis plays a pivotal role in cardiac allograft rejection, so that targeting CXCL10 without inducing generalized immunosuppression may be of therapeutic significance in allotransplantation. Since the role of resident cells in cardiac rejection is still unclear, we aimed to establish reliable human cardiomyocyte cultures to investigate Th1 cytokine-mediated response in allograft rejection. We used human fetal cardiomyocytes (Hfcm) isolated from fetal hearts, obtained after legal abortions. Hfcm expressed specific cardiac lineage markers, specific cardiac structural proteins, typical cardiac currents and generated ventricular action potentials. Thus, Hfcm represent a reliable in vitro tool for allograft rejection research, since they resemble the features of mature cells. Hfcm secreted CXCL10 in response to IFNgamma and TNFalphaalpha; this effect was magnified by cytokine combination. Cytokine synergy was associated to a significant TNFalpha-induced up-regulation of IFNgammaR. The response of Hfcm to some currently used immunosuppressive drugs compared to rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist and Th1-mediated response inhibitor, was also evaluated. Only micophenolic acid and rosiglitazone halved CXCL10 secretion by Hfcm. Given the pivotal role of IFNgamma-induced chemokines in Th1-mediated allograft rejection, these preliminary results suggest that the combined effects of immunosuppressive agents and rosiglitazone could be potentially beneficial to patients receiving heart transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Crescioli
- Center for Research Transfer and High Education DENOthe, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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21
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Grabie N, Gotsman I, DaCosta R, Pang H, Stavrakis G, Butte MJ, Keir ME, Freeman GJ, Sharpe AH, Lichtman AH. Endothelial programmed death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) regulates CD8+ T-cell mediated injury in the heart. Circulation 2007; 116:2062-71. [PMID: 17938288 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.107.709360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PD-L1 and PD-L2 are ligands for the inhibitory receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1), which is an important regulator of immune responses. PD-L1 is induced on cardiac endothelial cells under inflammatory conditions, but little is known about its role in regulating immune injury in the heart. METHODS AND RESULTS Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-mediated myocarditis was induced in mice, and the influence of PD-L1 signaling was studied with PD-L1/L2-deficient mice and blocking antibodies. During cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-induced myocarditis, the upregulation of PD-L1 on cardiac endothelia was dependent on T-cell-derived interferon-gamma, and blocking of interferon-gamma signaling worsened disease. Genetic deletion of both PD-1 ligands [PD-L1/2(-/-)], as well as treatment with PD-L1 blocking antibody, transformed transient myocarditis to lethal disease, in association with widespread polymorphonuclear leukocyte-rich microabscesses but without change in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte recruitment. PD-L1/2(-/-) mice reconstituted with bone marrow from wild-type mice remained susceptible to severe disease, which demonstrates that PD-L1 on non-bone marrow-derived cells confers the protective effect. Finally, depletion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes reversed the enhanced susceptibility to lethal myocarditis attributable to PD-L1 deficiency. CONCLUSIONS Myocardial PD-L1, mainly localized on endothelium, is critical for control of immune-mediated cardiac injury and polymorphonuclear leukocyte inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Grabie
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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22
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Lutz J, Lu R, Strobl M, Huang H, Deng M, Wang M, Ouyang N, Heemann U. ICOS/B7RP-1 interference in mouse kidney transplantation. Transplantation 2007; 84:223-30. [PMID: 17667814 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000267439.15439.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activated T cells play a key role in allograft rejection. T cell activation requires signaling via the T cell receptor as well as costimulatory signals. Inducible costimulatory molecule (ICOS), with its ligand B7RP-1, is a recently discovered costimulatory molecule of the CD28 family. The role of this signaling pathway during the early phases of kidney allograft rejection is not clear so far. METHODS Kidneys were orthotopically transplanted from BALB/c to C57BL/6 mice. Animals were assigned to five experimental groups: blocking anti-ICOS monoclonal antibody, ICOS fusion protein, anti-B7RP1 monoclonal antibody, B7RP-1 fusion protein, and control immunoglobulin G. RESULTS Survival was significantly reduced in animals treated with ICOS monoclonal antibody (mAb) and B7RP-1 Fc as compared with controls. These animals had also a lower number of apoptotic graft infiltrating T cells, whereas the expression of intracellular interferon-gamma in CD3CD4 T cells was increased. Animals treated with ICOS Fc and B7RP-1 mAb had similar survival and numbers of apoptotic T cells as compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the blockade of ICOS with ICOS mAb or B7RP-1 Fc reduced the amount of apoptosis of infiltrating lymphocytes and resulted in continuous inflammatory processes with progressive tissue damage and graft failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Lutz
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that alloreactive memory T cells (Tm) may be generated in transplant recipients that have not previously been exposed to alloantigen through mechanisms such as cross-reactivity and homeostatic proliferation. The presence of Tm correlates with both acute and chronic rejection episodes and, furthermore, may be responsible for the failure to induce tolerance in large animal and clinical settings. A clearer understanding of how Tm function and their requirements to mount an effective response to alloantigen will be key to further attempts to translate tolerance induction protocols from the experimental setting to the clinic.
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Moore DJ, Markmann JF, Deng S. Avenues for immunomodulation and graft protection by gene therapy in transplantation. Transpl Int 2006; 19:435-45. [PMID: 16771864 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2006.00314.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Organ transplantation represents the only definitive therapy for many causes of end-organ failure. However, the universal success of this therapy is limited by chronic allograft rejection, the side effects of chronic immunosuppressive therapy, and a severe shortage of donor organs. Presently, the success of solid-organ transplantation depends on the continuous administration of toxic and nonspecific immunosuppressive agents, therapies that present risks for opportunistic infection, malignancy, and a variety of agent-specific side effects. To promote the use of transplantation with limited risk of long-term sequelae, three dominant research challenges emerge: (i) elimination of the need for exogenous immunosuppression by immunological tolerance induction; (ii) prevention of chronic rejection/graft dysfunction; and (iii) expansion of available organs for transplantation. Gene therapy may provide significant advances and solutions in each of these areas. Rejection of the graft in the immediate post-transplant period has been attacked through the transfer of immunomodulatory molecules in addition to tolerance inducing approaches. Chronic graft rejection may be similarly addressed through permanent tolerance induction or alternatively through the introduction of molecules to resist chronic graft damage. Genetic manipulation of stem cells may ultimately produce transgenic animals to serve as tissue donors to overcome the limited donor organ supply. This review will highlight ongoing developments in the translation of gene therapy approaches to the challenges inherent in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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