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Pourquoi A, Miller MR, Koch SR, Boyle K, Surratt V, Nguyen H, Panja S, Cartailler JP, Shrestha S, Stark RJ. DIFFERENTIAL SIGNALING EFFECTS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN HUMAN WHOLE BLOOD INDICATE DISTINCT REGULATION OF THE NRF2 PATHWAY. Shock 2024; 61:557-563. [PMID: 38604133 PMCID: PMC11018340 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are two of the most common bacterial species responsible for sepsis. While it is observed that they have disparate clinical phenotypes, the signaling differences elicited by each bacteria that drive this variance remain unclear. Therefore, we used human whole blood exposed to heat-killed E. coli or S. aureus and measured the transcriptomic signatures. Relative to unstimulated control blood, heat-killed bacteria exposure led to significant dysregulation (upregulated and downregulated) of >5,000 genes for each experimental condition, with a slight increase in gene alterations by S. aureus. While there was significant overlap regarding proinflammatory pathways, Gene Ontology overrepresentation analysis of the most altered genes suggested biological processes like macrophage differentiation and ubiquinone biosynthesis were more unique to heat-killed S. aureus, compared with heat-killed E. coli exposure. Using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, it was demonstrated that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling, a main transcription factor in antioxidant responses, was predominately upregulated in S. aureus exposed blood relative to E. coli. Furthermore, the use of pharmacologics that preferentially targeted the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway led to differential cytokine profiles depending on the type of bacterial exposure. These findings reveal significant inflammatory dysregulation between E. coli and S. aureus and provide insight into the targeting of unique pathways to curb bacteria-specific responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen R Koch
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | - Hong Nguyen
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sourav Panja
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Shristi Shrestha
- Vanderbilt University, Creative Data Solutions, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ryan J Stark
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Vitucci ECM, Simmons AE, Martin EM, McCullough SD. Epithelial MAPK signaling directs endothelial NRF2 signaling and IL-8 secretion in a tri-culture model of the alveolar-microvascular interface following diesel exhaust particulate (DEP) exposure. Part Fibre Toxicol 2024; 21:15. [PMID: 38468337 PMCID: PMC10926573 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-024-00576-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) deposition in the lung's alveolar capillary region (ACR) is significantly associated with respiratory disease development, yet the molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. Adverse responses that promote respiratory disease development involve orchestrated, intercellular signaling between multiple cell types within the ACR. We investigated the molecular mechanisms elicited in response to PM2.5 deposition in the ACR, in an in vitro model that enables intercellular communication between multiple resident cell types of the ACR. METHODS An in vitro, tri-culture model of the ACR, incorporating alveolar-like epithelial cells (NCI-H441), pulmonary fibroblasts (IMR90), and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HULEC) was developed to investigate cell type-specific molecular responses to a PM2.5 exposure in an in-vivo-like model. This tri-culture in vitro model was termed the alveolar capillary region exposure (ACRE) model. Alveolar epithelial cells in the ACRE model were exposed to a suspension of diesel exhaust particulates (DEP) (20 µg/cm2) with an average diameter of 2.5 µm. Alveolar epithelial barrier formation, and transcriptional and protein expression alterations in the directly exposed alveolar epithelial and the underlying endothelial cells were investigated over a 24 h DEP exposure. RESULTS Alveolar epithelial barrier formation was not perturbed by the 24 h DEP exposure. Despite no alteration in barrier formation, we demonstrate that alveolar epithelial DEP exposure induces transcriptional and protein changes in both the alveolar epithelial cells and the underlying microvascular endothelial cells. Specifically, we show that the underlying microvascular endothelial cells develop redox dysfunction and increase proinflammatory cytokine secretion. Furthermore, we demonstrate that alveolar epithelial MAPK signaling modulates the activation of NRF2 and IL-8 secretion in the underlying microvascular endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial redox dysfunction and increased proinflammatory cytokine secretion are two common events in respiratory disease development. These findings highlight new, cell-type specific roles of the alveolar epithelium and microvascular endothelium in the ACR in respiratory disease development following PM2.5 exposure. Ultimately, these data expand our current understanding of respiratory disease development following particle exposures and illustrate the utility of multicellular in vitro systems for investigating respiratory tract health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C M Vitucci
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alysha E Simmons
- Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Martin
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shaun D McCullough
- Exposure and Protection, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Durham, NC, USA.
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Li Y, Wu S, Zhao Y, Dinh T, Jiang D, Selfridge JE, Myers G, Wang Y, Zhao X, Tomchuck S, Dubyak G, Lee RT, Estfan B, Shapiro M, Kamath S, Mohamed A, Huang SCC, Huang AY, Conlon R, Krishnamurthi S, Eads J, Willis JE, Khorana AA, Bajor D, Wang Z. Neutrophil extracellular traps induced by chemotherapy inhibit tumor growth in murine models of colorectal cancer. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e175031. [PMID: 38194275 PMCID: PMC10904055 DOI: 10.1172/jci175031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a web-like structure of cytosolic and granule proteins assembled on decondensed chromatin, kill pathogens and cause tissue damage in diseases. Whether NETs can kill cancer cells is unexplored. Here, we report that a combination of glutaminase inhibitor CB-839 and 5-FU inhibited the growth of PIK3CA-mutant colorectal cancers (CRCs) in xenograft, syngeneic, and genetically engineered mouse models in part through NETs. Disruption of NETs by either DNase I treatment or depletion of neutrophils in CRCs attenuated the efficacy of the drug combination. Moreover, NETs were present in tumor biopsies from patients treated with the drug combination in a phase II clinical trial. Increased NET levels in tumors were associated with longer progression-free survival. Mechanistically, the drug combination induced the expression of IL-8 preferentially in PIK3CA-mutant CRCs to attract neutrophils into the tumors. Further, the drug combination increased the levels of ROS in neutrophils, thereby inducing NETs. Cathepsin G (CTSG), a serine protease localized in NETs, entered CRC cells through the RAGE cell surface protein. The internalized CTSG cleaved 14-3-3 proteins, released BAX, and triggered apoptosis in CRC cells. Thus, our studies illuminate a previously unrecognized mechanism by which chemotherapy-induced NETs kill cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamu Li
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Sulin Wu
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Department of Medical Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. USA
| | - Yiqing Zhao
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Trang Dinh
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Dongxu Jiang
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - J. Eva Selfridge
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Yuxiang Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | - George Dubyak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. USA
| | - Richard T. Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bassam Estfan
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Marc Shapiro
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Suneel Kamath
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Amr Mohamed
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jennifer Eads
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Alok A. Khorana
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - David Bajor
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhenghe Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center
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Karanikas E. The Gordian knot of the immune-redox systems' interactions in psychosis. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2023; 38:285-296. [PMID: 37351570 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
During the last decades the attempt to enlighten the pathobiological substrate of psychosis, from merely focusing on neurotransmitters, has expanded into new areas like the immune and redox systems. Indeed, the inflammatory hypothesis concerning psychosis etiopathology has exponentially grown with findings reflecting dysfunction/aberration of the immune/redox systems' effector components namely cytokines, chemokines, CRP, complement system, antibodies, pro-/anti-oxidants, oxidative stress byproducts just to name a few. Yet, we still lie far from comprehending the underlying cellular mechanisms, their causality directions, and the moderating/mediating parameters affecting these systems; let alone the inter-systemic (between immune and redox) interactions. Findings from preclinical studies on the stress field have provided evidence indicative of multifaceted interactions among the immune and redox components so tightly intertwined as a Gordian knot. Interestingly the literature concerning the interactions between these same systems in the context of psychosis appears minimal (if not absent) and ambiguous. This review attempts to draw a frame of the immune-redox systems' interactions starting from basic research on the stress field and expanding on clinical studies with cohorts with psychosis, hoping to instigate new avenues of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Karanikas
- Department of Psychiatry, 424 General Military Hospital, Ring Road, Nea Efkarpia, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Wong SL, Kardia E, Vijayan A, Umashankar B, Pandzic E, Zhong L, Jaffe A, Waters SA. Molecular and Functional Characteristics of Airway Epithelium under Chronic Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076475. [PMID: 37047450 PMCID: PMC10095024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Localized and chronic hypoxia of airway mucosa is a common feature of progressive respiratory diseases, including cystic fibrosis (CF). However, the impact of prolonged hypoxia on airway stem cell function and differentiated epithelium is not well elucidated. Acute hypoxia alters the transcription and translation of many genes, including the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). CFTR-targeted therapies (modulators) have not been investigated in vitro under chronic hypoxic conditions found in CF airways in vivo. Nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) derived from eight CF and three non-CF participants were expanded and differentiated at the air-liquid interface (26-30 days) at ambient and 2% oxygen tension (hypoxia). Morphology, global proteomics (LC-MS/MS) and function (barrier integrity, cilia motility and ion transport) of basal stem cells and differentiated cultures were assessed. hNECs expanded at chronic hypoxia, demonstrating epithelial cobblestone morphology and a similar proliferation rate to hNECs expanded at normoxia. Hypoxia-inducible proteins and pathways in stem cells and differentiated cultures were identified. Despite the stem cells' plasticity and adaptation to chronic hypoxia, the differentiated epithelium was significantly thinner with reduced barrier integrity. Stem cell lineage commitment shifted to a more secretory epithelial phenotype. Motile cilia abundance, length, beat frequency and coordination were significantly negatively modulated. Chronic hypoxia reduces the activity of epithelial sodium and CFTR ion channels. CFTR modulator drug response was diminished. Our findings shed light on the molecular pathophysiology of hypoxia and its implications in CF. Targeting hypoxia can be a strategy to augment mucosal function and may provide a means to enhance the efficacy of CFTR modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Egi Kardia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Abhishek Vijayan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Bala Umashankar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Elvis Pandzic
- Katharina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ling Zhong
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Adam Jaffe
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shafagh A Waters
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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6
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Asanuma K, Yokota S, Chosa N, Kamo M, Ibi M, Mayama H, Irié T, Satoh K, Ishisaki A. Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress promotes expression of CXCL15/Lungkine mRNA in a MEK/ERK-dependent manner in fibroblast-like synoviocytes derived from mouse temporomandibular joint. J Oral Biosci 2023; 65:97-103. [PMID: 36584898 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) is a multifactorial disease caused by inflammation and oxidative stress. It has been hypothesized that mechanical stress-induced injury of TMJ tissues induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radical (OH∙), in the synovial fluid (SF). In general, the overproduction of ROS contributes to synovial inflammation and dysfunction of the subchondral bone in OA. However, the mechanism by which ROS-injured synoviocytes recruit inflammatory cells to TMJ-OA lesions remains unclear. METHODS Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to evaluate the mRNA expression of chemoattractant molecules. The phosphorylation levels of intracellular signaling molecules were evaluated using western blot analysis. RESULTS Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment significantly promoted mRNA expression of neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL15/Lungkine in a dose-dependent manner (100-500 μM) in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) derived from mouse TMJ. H2O2 (500 μM) significantly upregulated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1 and ERK2 in FLSs. Intriguingly, the mitogen-activated protein (MAP)/ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126 (10 μM) nullified H2O2-induced increase in CXCL15/Lungkine mRNA expression. Additionally, H2O2 (500 μM) administration significantly upregulated OH∙ production in FLSs, as assessed by live-cell permeant fluorescent probe targeted against OH∙ under fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, the ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-l-cysteine (5 mM) partially but significantly reversed H2O2-mediated phosphorylation of ERK1/2. CONCLUSIONS H2O2-induced oxidative stress promoted the expression of CXCL15/Lungkine mRNA in a MEK/ERK-dependent manner in mouse TMJ-derived FLSs, suggesting that FLSs recruit neutrophils to TMJ-OA lesions through the production of CXCL15/Lungkine and exacerbate the local inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanna Asanuma
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idai-dori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate-ken 028-3694, Japan; Division of Orthodontics, Department of Developmental Oral Health Science, Iwate Medical University, 1-3-27 Chuo-dori, Morioka-shi, Iwate-ken 020-8505, Japan
| | - Seiji Yokota
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idai-dori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate-ken 028-3694, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Chosa
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idai-dori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate-ken 028-3694, Japan
| | - Masaharu Kamo
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idai-dori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate-ken 028-3694, Japan
| | - Miho Ibi
- Division of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idai-dori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate-ken 028-3694, Japan
| | - Hisayo Mayama
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Developmental Oral Health Science, Iwate Medical University, 1-3-27 Chuo-dori, Morioka-shi, Iwate-ken 020-8505, Japan
| | - Tarou Irié
- Division of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idai-dori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate-ken 028-3694, Japan
| | - Kazuro Satoh
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Developmental Oral Health Science, Iwate Medical University, 1-3-27 Chuo-dori, Morioka-shi, Iwate-ken 020-8505, Japan
| | - Akira Ishisaki
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idai-dori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate-ken 028-3694, Japan.
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7
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AlHarthi MA, Soumya S, Rani A, Kheder W, Samsudin AR. Impact of exposure of human osteoblast cells to titanium dioxide particles in-vitro. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2022; 12:760-764. [PMID: 36124073 PMCID: PMC9482106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium Dental implant is the most successful treatment modality to replace missing teeth today. Although titanium is considered biologically biocompatible, strong, and corrosion-free, the risk of implant failure continues due to bone loss at the expense of optimum oral health. Current research points toward the presence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles leached from dental implant surface, which occurred due to mechanical and chemical insults on the surface. This study aimed to investigate the influence of TiO2 particles of different sizes leaching from implant surfaces on Human Osteoblast cells (HOB) in-vitro. Titanium dioxide particles in both nano (NPs) and micro (MPs) size and at different concentrations were introduced to human osteoblast cells with and without treatment with vitamin C. Production of ROS was measured using H2DCFDA cellular ROS Assay Kit and MCP-1 and IL-8 cytokines released were assayed at 24 h time point using ELISA technique. Results showed a dose dependent increase in ROS production following exposure of HOB to both nano and micro particles. MCP-1 and IL-8 were released and there was minimal difference between the amount generated by nano compared with micro size particles. Treatment of HOB with antioxidant vitamin C demonstrated a significant reduction in the generation of ROS. At the same time, MCP-1 release was reduced significantly for the 100 μg/mL TiO2 NPs and MPs after Vitamin C treatment while IL-8 release increased significantly. This study suggests a positive role played by antioxidants in the control of ROS generation and chemokines production in the peri-implant tissue environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ali AlHarthi
- College of Dental Medicine, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, United Arab Emirates
| | - S Soumya
- University of Sharjah, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aghila Rani
- University of Sharjah, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, United Arab Emirates
| | - Waad Kheder
- College of Dental Medicine, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, United Arab Emirates
| | - A R Samsudin
- College of Dental Medicine, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, United Arab Emirates
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Regulation of innate immunity by Nrf2. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 78:102247. [PMID: 36174411 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been mainly investigated as a regulator of redox homeostasis. However, research over the past years has implicated Nrf2 as an important regulator of innate immunity. Here, we discuss the role of Nrf2 in the innate immune response, highlighting the interaction between Nrf2 and major components of the innate immune system. Indeed, Nrf2 has been shown to widely control the immune response by interacting directly or indirectly with important innate immune components, including the toll-like receptors-Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) pathway, inflammasome signaling, and the type-I interferon response. This indicates an essential role for Nrf2 in diseases related to microbial infections, inflammation, and cancer. Yet, further studies are required to determine the exact mechanism underpinning the interactions between Nrf2 and innate immune players in order to allow a better understanding of these diseases and leverage new therapeutic strategies.
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Henrik SZŐKE, István BÓKKON, David M, Jan V, Ágnes K, Zoltán K, Ferenc F, Tibor K, László SL, Ádám D, Odilia M, Andrea K. The innate immune system and fever under redox control: A Narrative Review. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4324-4362. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220203122239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
In living cells, redox potential is vitally important for normal physiological processes that are closely regulated by antioxidants, free amino acids and proteins that either have reactive oxygen and nitrogen species capture capability or can be compartmentalized. Although hundreds of experiments support the regulatory role of free radicals and their derivatives, several authors continue to claim that these perform only harmful and non-regulatory functions. In this paper we show that countless intracellular and extracellular signal pathways are directly or indirectly linked to regulated redox processes. We also briefly discuss how artificial oxidative stress can have important therapeutic potential and the possible negative effects of popular antioxidant supplements.
Next, we present the argument supported by a large number of studies that several major components of innate immunity, as well as fever, is also essentially associated with regulated redox processes. Our goal is to point out that the production of excess or unregulated free radicals and reactive species can be secondary processes due to the perturbed cellular signal pathways. However, researchers on pharmacology should consider the important role of redox mechanisms in the innate immune system and fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- SZŐKE Henrik
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - BÓKKON István
- Neuroscience and Consciousness Research Department, Vision Research Institute,
Lowell, MA, USA
| | - martin David
- Department of Human Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Vagedes Jan
- University Children’s Hospital, Tuebingen University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - kiss Ágnes
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - kovács Zoltán
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - fekete Ferenc
- Department of Nyerges Gábor Pediatric Infectology, Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - kocsis Tibor
- Department of Clinical Governance, Hungarian National Ambulance Service, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - kisbenedek Andrea
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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10
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Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Differentially Regulate Nrf2 Pathway in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells: Relation to Distinct Innate Immune Response. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123426. [PMID: 34943933 PMCID: PMC8700232 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are major mastitis causing pathogens in dairy cattle but elicit distinct immune and an inflammatory response in the udder. However, the host determinants responsible for this difference remains largely unknown. Our initial studies focused on the global transcriptomic response of primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (pbMECs) to heat-killed E. coli and S. aureus. RNA-sequencing transcriptome analysis demonstrates a significant difference in expression profiles induced by E. coli compared with S. aureus. A major differential response was the activation of innate immune response by E. coli, but not by S. aureus. Interestingly, E. coli stimulation increased transcript abundance of several genes downstream of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) that were enriched in gene sets with a focus on metabolism and immune system. However, none of these genes was dysregulated by S. aureus. Western blot analysis confirms that S. aureus impairs Nrf2 activation as compared to E. coli. Using Nrf2-knockdown cells we demonstrate that Nrf2 is necessary for bpMECs to mount an effective innate defensive response. In support of this notion, nuclear Nrf2 overexpression augmented S. aureus-stimulated inflammatory response. We also show that, unlike E. coli, S. aureus disrupts the non-canonical p62/SQSTM1-Keap1 pathway responsible for Nrf2 activation through inhibiting p62/SQSTM1 phosphorylation at S349. Collectively, our findings provide important insights into the contribution of the Nrf2 pathway to the pathogen-species specific immune response in bovine mammary epithelial cells and raise a possibility that impairment of Nrf2 activation contributes to, at least in part, the weak inflammatory response in S. aureus mastitis.
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Solano-Urrusquieta A, Morales-González JA, Castro-Narro GE, Cerda-Reyes E, Flores-Rangel PD, Fierros-Oceguera R. NRF-2 and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Ann Hepatol 2020; 19:458-465. [PMID: 31959521 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, chronic liver diseases have conditioned morbidity and mortality, many of these with a metabolic, toxicologic, immunologic, viral, or other etiology. Thus, a transcription factor that has been of huge importance for biomedical research is NRF-2. The latter is considered a principal component of the antioxidant mechanism, and it has been acknowledged that it impairs the function of NRF-2 in many liver diseases and that it forms an essential part of the pathologic changes that occur in the liver to contain inflammation and damage. Within the investigations and experiments carried out, there are isolated drugs, many of them related to plants and natural extracts that possess antioxidant properties through the NRF-2 signaling pathway, or even involving the stimulation of the transcription target proteins of NRF-2. Notwithstanding all of these experimental findings, to date there is not sufficient clinical evidence to justify the use of NRF-2 in medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José A Morales-González
- Laboratory of Conservation Medicine, Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
| | | | - Eira Cerda-Reyes
- Gastroenterology Section of the Central Military Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
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12
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Pursuing the Elixir of Life: In Vivo Antioxidative Effects of Manganosalen Complexes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080727. [PMID: 32785017 PMCID: PMC7465912 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganosalen complexes are coordination compounds that possess a chelating salen-type ligand, a class of bis-Schiff bases obtained by condensation of salicylaldehyde and a diamine. They may act as catalytic antioxidants mimicking both the structure and the reactivity of the native antioxidant enzymes active site. Thus, manganosalen complexes have been shown to exhibit superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities, and they could potentially facilitate the scavenging of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby restoring the redox balance in damaged cells and organs. Initial catalytic studies compared the potency of these compounds as antioxidants in terms of rate constants of the chemical reactivity against ROS, giving catalytic values approaching and even exceeding that of the native antioxidative enzymes. Although most of these catalytic studies lack of biological relevance, subsequent in vitro studies have confirmed the efficiency of many manganosalen complexes in oxidative stress models. These synthetic catalytic scavengers, cheaper than natural antioxidants, have accordingly attracted intensive attention for the therapy of ROS-mediated injuries. The aim of this review is to focus on in vivo studies performed on manganosalen complexes and their activity on the treatment of several pathological disorders associated with oxidative damage. These disorders, ranging from the prevention of fetal malformations to the extension of lifespan, include neurodegenerative, inflammatory, and cardiovascular diseases; tissue injury; and other damages related to the liver, kidney, or lungs.
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13
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Ciliberti MG, Albenzio M, De Palo P, Santillo A, Caroprese M. Nexus Between Immune Responses and Oxidative Stress: The Role of Dietary Hydrolyzed Lignin in ex vivo Bovine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Response. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:9. [PMID: 32154273 PMCID: PMC7045060 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The control of immune responses is particularly critical when an increase of oxidative stress occurs, causing an impairment of immune cell response and a condition of systemic inflammation, named oxinflammation. Nutritional strategies based on the use in the diet of phytochemicals extracted from plants, rich in antioxidants, could help restore the antioxidant/oxidant balance and obtain a modulation of immune response. Lignin represents a valuable resource of phenolic compounds, which are characterized by a corroborated antioxidant effect. To date, there are no studies reporting the effects of lignin in the diet on immune responses and oxidative stress in ruminants. The objective of the present experiment was the evaluation of the dietary inclusion of Pinus taeda hydrolyzed lignin on the ex vivo immune responses and oxidative stress biomarkers by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from beef steers. In order to test the effect during oxidative stress exposition, cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The proliferation test and the viability assay were carried out on cells, whereas, on supernatants, the cytokine profile and the oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated. The dietary inclusion with P. taeda hydrolyzed lignin resulted in cytoprotection after H2O2 exposition, increasing the number of viable monocytes and decreasing the reactive oxygen/nitrogen species production in supernatants. The cytokine profile indicated the modulatory role of hydrolyzed lignin on immune response, with a concomitant decrease of TNF-α and increase of IL-8 production, which are strictly connected with monocyte activation and antioxidant response pathway. These results demonstrated that hydrolyzed lignin may provide a modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory response in PBMCs; thus, the P. taeda hydrolyzed lignin could be suggested as an innovative phytochemical in ruminant feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Ciliberti
- Department of Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Marzia Albenzio
- Department of Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Palo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Santillo
- Department of Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mariangela Caroprese
- Department of Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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14
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Polet M, Laloux L, Cambier S, Ziebel J, Gutleb AC, Schneider YJ. Soluble silver ions from silver nanoparticles induce a polarised secretion of interleukin-8 in differentiated Caco-2 cells. Toxicol Lett 2020; 325:14-24. [PMID: 32062016 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Because of their antimicrobial properties, silver nanoparticles are increasingly incorporated in food-related and hygiene products, which thereby could lead to their ingestion. Although their cytotoxicity mediated by oxidative stress has been largely studied, their effects on inflammation remain controversial. Moreover, the involvement of silver ions (originating from Ag0 oxidation) in their mode of action is still unclear. In this context, the present study aims at assessing the impact of silver nanoparticles on the secretion of the pro-inflammatory chemokine interleukin-8 by Caco-2 cells forming an in vitro model of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Silver nanoparticles induced a vectorized secretion of interleukin-8 towards the apical compartment, which is found in the medium 21 h after the incubation. This secretion seems mediated by Nrf2 signalling pathway that orchestrates cellular defense against oxidative stress. The soluble silver fraction of silver nanoparticles suspensions led to a similar amount of secreted interleukin-8 than silver nanoparticles, suggesting an involvement of silver ions in this interleukin-8 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Polet
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Laurie Laloux
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Cambier
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Johanna Ziebel
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Arno C Gutleb
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Yves-Jacques Schneider
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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15
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George A, Udani JK, Yusof A. Effects of Phyllanthus amarus PHYLLPRO TM leaves on hangover symptoms: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:145-153. [PMID: 30922154 PMCID: PMC6442116 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1585460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. and Thonn. (Euphorbiaceae) is traditionally known to improve general liver health. However, its effect on hangover is unknown. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated PHYLLPRO™, a standardized ethanol extract of P. amarus leaves for protection against oxidative stress and recovery from hangover symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ten days daily oral supplementation of 750 mg/day followed by intoxication was evaluated in a randomized placebo-controlled (containing only excipient), crossover study in 15 subjects (21-50 years old), for oxidative stress, liver damage, alleviating hangover symptoms (Hangover Severity Score: HSS) and mood improvement (Profile-of-Mood-Scores: POMS). RESULTS PHYLLPRO™ was able to remove blood alcohol in the active group while the placebo group still had 0.05% at 12 h post-intoxication (p < 0.0001). For HSS, the active group showed reduced hangover symptoms while there were higher levels of nausea, headache, anorexia, tremulousness, diarrhoea and dizziness in the placebo group (p < 0.05) at hour 10 post-intoxication. Increased fatigue at hour 2 and tension (p > 0.05) from baseline to hour 22 was reported in the placebo group using POMS. Significant anti-inflammatory group effect favouring the active group, by the upregulation of cytokines IL-8 (p = 0.0014) and IL-10 (p = 0.0492) and immunomodulatory effects via IL-12p70 (p = 0.0304) were observed. The incidence of adverse events was similar between groups indicating the safety of PHYLLPRO™. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Preliminary findings of PHYLLPRO™ in managing hangover, inflammation and liver functions following intoxication, is demonstrated. Future studies on PHYLLPRO™ in protecting against oxidative stress and hangover in larger populations is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie George
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Biotropics Malaysia Berhad, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Ashril Yusof
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Sciences, Exercise Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- CONTACT Ashril Yusof Exercise Science, Centre for Sports and Exercise Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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16
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Burgener AV, Bantug GR, Meyer BJ, Higgins R, Ghosh A, Bignucolo O, Ma EH, Loeliger J, Unterstab G, Geigges M, Steiner R, Enamorado M, Ivanek R, Hunziker D, Schmidt A, Müller-Durovic B, Grählert J, Epple R, Dimeloe S, Lötscher J, Sauder U, Ebnöther M, Burger B, Heijnen I, Martínez-Cano S, Cantoni N, Brücker R, Kahlert CR, Sancho D, Jones RG, Navarini A, Recher M, Hess C. SDHA gain-of-function engages inflammatory mitochondrial retrograde signaling via KEAP1-Nrf2. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1311-1321. [PMID: 31527833 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Whether screening the metabolic activity of immune cells facilitates discovery of molecular pathology remains unknown. Here we prospectively screened the extracellular acidification rate as a measure of glycolysis and the oxygen consumption rate as a measure of mitochondrial respiration in B cells from patients with primary antibody deficiency. The highest oxygen consumption rate values were detected in three study participants with persistent polyclonal B cell lymphocytosis (PPBL). Exome sequencing identified germline mutations in SDHA, which encodes succinate dehydrogenase subunit A, in all three patients with PPBL. SDHA gain-of-function led to an accumulation of fumarate in PPBL B cells, which engaged the KEAP1-Nrf2 system to drive the transcription of genes encoding inflammatory cytokines. In a single patient trial, blocking the activity of the cytokine interleukin-6 in vivo prevented systemic inflammation and ameliorated clinical disease. Overall, our study has identified pathological mitochondrial retrograde signaling as a disease modifier in primary antibody deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Valérie Burgener
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Glenn R Bantug
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benedikt J Meyer
- Immunodeficiency Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Higgins
- Division of Dermatology and Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Division of Dermatology and Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Competence Center for Personalized Medicine University of Zürich/Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Bignucolo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric H Ma
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jordan Loeliger
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gunhild Unterstab
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Geigges
- Epigenomics Group, D-BSSE, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rebekah Steiner
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michel Enamorado
- Immunobiology Laboratory, entro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Washington DC, USA
| | - Robert Ivanek
- Bioinformatics Facility, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Hunziker
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Schmidt
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bojana Müller-Durovic
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Grählert
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raja Epple
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Dimeloe
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jonas Lötscher
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Sauder
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Monika Ebnöther
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Burger
- Division of Dermatology and Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ingmar Heijnen
- Division Medical Immunology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarai Martínez-Cano
- Immunobiology Laboratory, entro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nathan Cantoni
- Division of Hematology, Cantonal Hospital of Aarau, Aargau, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Brücker
- Division of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Hospital St. Anna, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Christian R Kahlert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - David Sancho
- Immunobiology Laboratory, entro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Russell G Jones
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexander Navarini
- Division of Dermatology and Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mike Recher
- Immunodeficiency Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hess
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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17
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Wu S, Lu H, Bai Y. Nrf2 in cancers: A double-edged sword. Cancer Med 2019; 8:2252-2267. [PMID: 30929309 PMCID: PMC6536957 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nrf2/Keap1 pathway is an important signaling cascade responsible for the resistance of oxidative damage induced by exogenous chemicals. It maintains the redox homeostasis, exerts anti-inflammation and anticancer activity by regulating its multiple downstream cytoprotective genes, thereby plays a vital role in cell survival. Interestingly, in recent years, accumulating evidence suggests that Nrf2 has a contradictory role in cancers. Aberrant activation of Nrf2 is associated with poor prognosis. The constitutive activation of Nrf2 in various cancers induces pro-survival genes and promotes cancer cell proliferation by metabolic reprogramming, repression of cancer cell apoptosis, and enhancement of self-renewal capacity of cancer stem cells. More importantly, Nrf2 is proved to contribute to the chemoresistance and radioresistance of cancer cells as well as inflammation-induced carcinogenesis. A number of Nrf2 inhibitors discovered for cancer treatment were reviewed in this report. These provide a new strategy that targeting Nrf2 could be a promising therapeutic approach against cancer. This review aims to summarize the dual effects of Nrf2 in cancer, revealing its function both in cancer prevention and inhibition, to further discover novel anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongheng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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18
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Benkafadar N, François F, Affortit C, Casas F, Ceccato JC, Menardo J, Venail F, Malfroy-Camine B, Puel JL, Wang J. ROS-Induced Activation of DNA Damage Responses Drives Senescence-Like State in Postmitotic Cochlear Cells: Implication for Hearing Preservation. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5950-5969. [PMID: 30693443 PMCID: PMC6614136 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In our aging society, age-related hearing loss (ARHL) has become a major socioeconomic issue. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be one of the main causal factors of age-related cochlear cell degeneration. We examined whether ROS-induced DNA damage response drives cochlear cell senescence and contributes to ARHL from the cellular up to the system level. Our results revealed that sublethal concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposure initiated a DNA damage response illustrated by increased γH2AX and 53BP1 expression and foci formation mainly in sensory hair cells, together with increased levels of p-Chk2 and p53. Interestingly, postmitotic cochlear cells exposed to H2O2 displayed key hallmarks of senescent cells, including dramatically increased levels of p21, p38, and p-p38 expression, concomitant with decreased p19 and BubR1 expression and positive senescence-associated β-galactosidase labeling. Importantly, the synthetic superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic EUK-207 attenuated H2O2-induced DNA damage and senescence phenotypes in cochlear cells in vitro. Furthermore, systemic administration of EUK-207 reduced age-related loss of hearing and hair cell degeneration in senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) mice. Altogether, these findings highlight that ROS-induced DNA damage responses drive cochlear cell senescence and contribute to accelerated ARHL. EUK-207 and likely other antioxidants with similar mechanisms of action could potentially postpone cochlear aging and prevent ARHL in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Benkafadar
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence François
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Corentin Affortit
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - François Casas
- INRA, UMR 866 Différenciation Cellulaire et Croissance, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Charles Ceccato
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Menardo
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Frederic Venail
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Jean-Luc Puel
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Jing Wang
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France.
- Université Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier, France.
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19
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Crosstalk of toll-like receptors signaling and Nrf2 pathway for regulation of inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1866-1878. [PMID: 30372892 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation as a second line of defense of innate immunity plays a crucial role in eliminating invading pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi as well as other parasites). The inflammatory response may also activate adaptive immune system involving lymphocytes to mount either antibody dependent or cell-mediated immune responses to clear pathogenic insult. However, if continued, the inflammatory processes may become uncontrolled culminating in cellular injury and tissue destruction, thereby manifesting itself in chronic form. The chronic inflammation has been associated with numerous human pathological conditions like allergies and autoimmune diseases, atherosclerosis, arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, cancer, obesity, type 2 diabetes, schizophrenia, neuro-degenerative diseases and numerous others. The dysregulated inflammatory process is associated with overproduction of free radicals leading to oxidative stress and activation of different cell signaling pathways. The regulation of inflammation by TLR signaling as well as Nrf2 pathways separately is widely documented. Since both these major signaling pathways modulate inflammation, they may crosstalk to bring about coordinated inflammatory responses. The linkage between TLR signaling and Nrf2-Keap1 pathway may serve as a bridge between immune regulation and oxidative stress responses through regulation of inflammation. Also, inflammation is reportedly responsible for the plethora of diseased conditions; a study of its regulation by targeting the TLR-Nrf2 cross-talks may also be beneficial for the development of therapeutic therapies or prophylactic treatments. Hence, present review focuses on the crosstalk between TLR signaling and Nrf2 pathway with respect to their role in modulation of inflammation in normal as well as pathologic conditions.
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20
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Palestino-Dominguez M, Pelaez-Luna M, Lazzarini-Lechuga R, Rodriguez-Ochoa I, Souza V, Miranda RU, Perez-Aguilar B, Bucio L, Marquardt JU, Gomez-Quiroz LE, Gutierrez-Ruiz MC. Recombinant human hepatocyte growth factor provides protective effects in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in mice. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9354-9364. [PMID: 29341114 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is a multifactorial disease associated with profound changes of the pancreas induced by release of digestive enzymes that lead to increase in proinflammatory cytokine production, excessive tissue necrosis, edema, and bleeding. Elevated levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor c-Met have been observed in different chronic and acute pancreatic diseases including experimental models of acute pancreatitis. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects induced by the recombinant human HGF in a mouse model of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. Pancreatitis was induced by 8 hourly administrations of supramaximal cerulein injections (50 µg/kg, ip). HGF treatment (20 µg/kg, iv), significantly attenuated lipase content and amylase activity in serum as well as the degree inflammation and edema overall leading to less severe histologic changes such as necrosis, induced by cerulein. Protective effects of HGF were associated with activation of pro-survival pathways such as Akt, Erk1/2, and Nrf2 and increase in executor survival-related proteins and decrease in pro-apoptotic proteins. In addition, ROS content and lipid peroxidation were diminished, and glutathione synthesis increased in pancreas. Systemic protection was observed by lung histology. In conclusion, our data indicate that HGF exerts an Nrf2 and glutathione-mediated protective effect on acute pancreatitis reflected by a reduction in inflammation, edema, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayrel Palestino-Dominguez
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Pelaez-Luna
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Lazzarini-Lechuga
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Rodriguez-Ochoa
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Veronica Souza
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Unidad de Medicina Translacional, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UNAM/ Instituto nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roxana U Miranda
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Unidad de Medicina Translacional, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UNAM/ Instituto nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Perez-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leticia Bucio
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Unidad de Medicina Translacional, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UNAM/ Instituto nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jens U Marquardt
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz, Germany
| | - Luis Enrique Gomez-Quiroz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Unidad de Medicina Translacional, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UNAM/ Instituto nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Concepcion Gutierrez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Unidad de Medicina Translacional, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UNAM/ Instituto nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Onyiah JC, Schaefer REM, Colgan SP. A Central Role for Heme Oxygenase-1 in the Control of Intestinal Epithelial Chemokine Expression. J Innate Immun 2018; 10:228-238. [PMID: 29791903 DOI: 10.1159/000488914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In mucosal inflammatory disorders, the protective influence of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and its metabolic byproducts, carbon monoxide (CO) and biliverdin, is a topic of significant interest. Mechanisms under investigation include the regulation of macrophage function and mucosal cytokine expression. While there is an increasing recognition of the importance of epithelial-derived factors in the maintenance of intestinal mucosal homeostasis, the contribution of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) HO-1 on inflammatory responses has not previously been investigated. We examined the influence of modulating HO-1 expression on the inflammatory response of human IECs. Engineered deficiency of HO-1 in Caco-2 and T84 IECs led to increased proinflammatory chemokine expression in response to pathogenic bacteria and inflammatory cytokine stimulation. Crosstalk with activated leukocytes also led to increased chemokine expression in HO-1-deficient cells in an IL-1β dependent manner. Treatment of Caco-2 cells with a pharmacological inducer of HO-1 led to the inhibition of chemokine expression. Mechanistic studies suggest that HO-1 and HO-1-related transcription factors, but not HO-1 metabolic products, are partly responsible for the influence of HO-1 on chemokine expression. In conclusion, our data identify HO-1 as a central regulator of IEC chemokine expression that may contribute to homeo-stasis in the intestinal mucosa.
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22
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Ferreira I, Silva A, Martins JD, Neves BM, Cruz MT. Nature and kinetics of redox imbalance triggered by respiratory and skin chemical sensitizers on the human monocytic cell line THP-1. Redox Biol 2018; 16:75-86. [PMID: 29477863 PMCID: PMC5842329 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low molecular weight reactive chemicals causing skin and respiratory allergies are known to activate dendritic cells (DC), an event considered to be a key step in both pathologies. Although generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is considered a major danger signal responsible for DC maturation, the mechanisms leading to cellular redox imbalance remain poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to unveil the origin and kinetics of redox imbalance elicited by 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNFB) and trimellitic anhydride chloride (TMAC), two golden standards of skin and chemical respiratory allergy, respectively. To track this goal, we addressed the time course modifications of ROS production and cellular antioxidant defenses as well as the modulation of MAPKs signaling pathways and transcription of pathophysiological relevant genes in THP-1 cells. Our data shows that the thiol-reactive sensitizer DNFB directly reacts with cytoplasmic glutathione (GSH) causing its rapid and marked depletion which results in a general increase in ROS accumulation. In turn, TMAC, which preferentially reacts with amine groups, induces a delayed GSH depletion as a consequence of increased mitochondrial ROS production. These divergences in ROS production seem to be correlated with the different extension of intracellular signaling pathways activation and, by consequence, with distinct transcription kinetics of genes such as HMOX1, IL8, IL1B and CD86. Ultimately, our observations may help explain the distinct DC phenotype and T-cell polarizing profile triggered by skin and respiratory sensitizers. Distinctive ROS origin and kinetics elicited by skin and respiratory sensitizers. ROS production elicited by DNFB results primarily from direct GSH haptenation. Distinct expression of genes involved in DC maturation and T-cell polarizing capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ferreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000- 548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ana Silva
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000- 548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Demétrio Martins
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000- 548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Miguel Neves
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000- 548 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000- 548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Wang H, Ni X, Qing X, Liu L, Lai J, Khalique A, Li G, Pan K, Jing B, Zeng D. Probiotic Enhanced Intestinal Immunity in Broilers against Subclinical Necrotic Enteritis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1592. [PMID: 29209325 PMCID: PMC5701917 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Along with banning of antibiotics, necrotic enteritis (NE), especially subclinical NE (SNE) whereby no clinical signs are present in chicks, has become one of the most threatening problems in poultry industry. Therefore, increasing attention has been focused on research and application of effective probiotic strains, as an alternative to antibiotics, to prevent SNE in broilers. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 on the prevention of SNE in broilers. Specifically, assessment determined the growth performance and indexes related to intestinal mucosal immunity in the ileum and cecal tonsil of broilers. A total of 300 1-day-old Cobb 500 chicks were randomly distributed into the following 5 groups: control group (fed with basal diet + de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe liquid medium [normal diet]), SNE group (normal diet), BS15 group (basal diet + 1 × 106 colony-forming units BS15/g as fed [BS15 diet]), treatment group (normal diet [days 1-28] + BS15 diet [days 29-42]), and prevention group (BS15 diet [days 1-28] + normal diet [days 29-42]) throughout a 42-day experimental period. SNE infection was treated for all chicks in the SNE, BS15, treatment, and prevention groups. The present results demonstrated that BS15 supplementation of feeds in BS15 and prevention groups exerted a positive effect on preventing negative influences on growth performance; these negative influences included low body weight gain and increased feed conversion ratio caused by SNE. Although no changes were detected in all determined indexes in cecal tonsils, BS15-treated broilers were free from SNE-caused damage in villi in the ileum. BS15 inhibited SNE-caused decrease in immunoglobulins in the ileum. In the lamina propria of ileum, T cell subsets of lymphocytes influenced by SNE were also controlled by BS15. BS15 affected antioxidant abilities of the ileum and controlled SNE-induced mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis by positively changing contents and/or mRNA expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins. These findings indicate that BS15 supplementation may prevent SNE-affected growth decline mainly through enhancing intestinal immunity in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesong Wang
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueqin Ni
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaodan Qing
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Lai
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Abdul Khalique
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangyao Li
- Ya'an Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Ya'an, China
| | - Kangcheng Pan
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Jing
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Zeng
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Nosalski R, Guzik TJ. Perivascular adipose tissue inflammation in vascular disease. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3496-3513. [PMID: 28063251 PMCID: PMC5610164 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. In vascular pathologies, perivascular adipose tissue increases in volume and becomes dysfunctional, with altered cellular composition and molecular characteristics. PVAT dysfunction is characterized by its inflammatory character, oxidative stress, diminished production of vaso-protective adipocyte-derived relaxing factors and increased production of paracrine factors such as resistin, leptin, cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) and chemokines [RANTES (CCL5) and MCP-1 (CCL2)]. These adipocyte-derived factors initiate and orchestrate inflammatory cell infiltration including primarily T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells and NK cells. Protective factors such as adiponectin can reduce NADPH oxidase superoxide production and increase NO bioavailability in the vessel wall, while inflammation (e.g. IFN-γ or IL-17) induces vascular oxidases and eNOS dysfunction in the endothelium, vascular smooth muscle cells and adventitial fibroblasts. All of these events link the dysfunctional perivascular fat to vascular dysfunction. These mechanisms are important in the context of a number of cardiovascular disorders including atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Inflammatory changes in PVAT's molecular and cellular responses are uniquely different from classical visceral or subcutaneous adipose tissue or from adventitia, emphasizing the unique structural and functional features of this adipose tissue compartment. Therefore, it is essential to develop techniques for monitoring the characteristics of PVAT and assessing its inflammation. This will lead to a better understanding of the early stages of vascular pathologies and the development of new therapeutic strategies focusing on perivascular adipose tissue. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Perivascular Adipose Tissue - Potential Pharmacological Targets? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.20/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Nosalski
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesUniversity of GlasgowScotlandUK
- Department of Internal and Agricultural MedicineJagiellonian University, Collegium MedicumKrakowPoland
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesUniversity of GlasgowScotlandUK
- Department of Internal and Agricultural MedicineJagiellonian University, Collegium MedicumKrakowPoland
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Selective ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily C Gene Expression and Proinflammatory Mediators Released by BEAS-2B after PM 2.5, Budesonide, and Cotreated Exposures. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:6827194. [PMID: 28900313 PMCID: PMC5576432 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6827194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette subfamily C (ABCC) genes code for phase III metabolism proteins that translocate xenobiotic (e.g., particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5)) and drug metabolites outside the cells. IL-6 secretion is related with the activation of the ABCC transporters. This study assesses ABCC1–4 gene expression changes and proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-8) release in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) exposed to PM2.5 organic extract, budesonide (BUD, used to control inflammation in asthmatic patients), and a cotreatment (Co-T: PM2.5 and BUD). A real-time PCR assay shows that ABCC1 was upregulated in BEAS-2B exposed after 6 and 7 hr to PM2.5 extract or BUD but downregulated after 6 hr of the Co-T. ABCC3 was downregulated after 6 hr of BUD and upregulated after 6 hr of the Co-T exposures. ABCC4 was upregulated after 5 hr of PM2.5 extract, BUD, and the Co-T exposures. The cytokine assay revealed an increase in IL-6 release by BEAS-2B exposed after 5 hr to PM2.5 extract, BUD, and the Co-T. At 7 hr, the Co-T decreases IL-6 release and IL-8 at 6 hr. In conclusion, the cotreatment showed an opposite effect on exposed BEAS-2B as compared with BUD. The results suggest an interference of the BUD therapeutic potential by PM2.5.
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Preclinical Studies and Translational Applications of Intracerebral Hemorrhage. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:5135429. [PMID: 28698874 PMCID: PMC5494071 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5135429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) which refers to bleeding in the brain is a very deleterious condition with high mortality and disability rate. Surgery or conservative therapy remains the treatment option. Various studies have divided the disease process of ICH into primary and secondary injury, for which knowledge into these processes has yielded many preclinical and clinical treatment options. The aim of this review is to highlight some of the new experimental drugs as well as other treatment options like stem cell therapy, rehabilitation, and nanomedicine and mention some translational clinical applications that have been done with these treatment options.
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Kim EC, Kim MK, Leesungbok R, Lee SW, Ahn SJ. Co-Cr dental alloys induces cytotoxicity and inflammatory responses via activation of Nrf2/antioxidant signaling pathways in human gingival fibroblasts and osteoblasts. Dent Mater 2016; 32:1394-1405. [PMID: 27671470 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) dental alloys are routinely used in prosthodontics, the biocompatibility of Co-Cr alloys is controversial. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of Co-Cr alloys on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and osteoblasts in an in vitro model as well as their potential molecular mechanisms, focusing on NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways. METHODS Cells were directly seeded on prepared Co-Cr alloy discs (15.0mm diameter, 1.0mm thickness) or indirectly treated with Co-Cr alloy located at the bottom of an insert well and incubated for 3 days. Cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was evaluated by MTS assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Protein and mRNA levels were determined by Western blotting and RT-PCR analysis, respectively. RESULTS Cell viability and flow cytometric assay demonstrated that the Co-Cr alloy was cytotoxic to HGFs and osteoblasts, and significantly increased ROS production. In addition, the Co-Cr alloys upregulated pro-inflamamtory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) and increased levels of various inflammatory mediators (iNOS derived nitrite oxide, and COX-2-derived PGE2) in both cells. A mechanistic study showed that Co-Cr alloys activates the NRF2 pathway and up-regulate antioxidant enzymes including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Co-Cr alloys activated JAK2/STAT3, p38/ERK/JNK MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, antioxidants (resveratrol and NAC) and HO-1 inhibitor (SnPP) significantly inhibited the production of ROS and inflammatory mediators, as well as the activation of NF-κB signaling in Co-Cr alloy stimulated HGFs and osteoblasts. SIGNIFICANCE This study is the first to show that Co-Cr alloys exert cytotoxic and inflammatory effects via activation of Nrf2/ARE signaling and up-regulation of downstream HO-1, which could represent candidate targets for the regulation of inflammatory responses to Co-Cr alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myo-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Richard Leesungbok
- Department of Biomaterials & Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Won Lee
- Department of Biomaterials & Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Ahn
- Department of Biomaterials & Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Sima C, Aboodi GM, Lakschevitz FS, Sun C, Goldberg MB, Glogauer M. Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Down-Regulation in Oral Neutrophils Is Associated with Periodontal Oxidative Damage and Severe Chronic Periodontitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:1417-26. [PMID: 27070823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The balance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidants plays an important role in periodontal health. We previously demonstrated that high reactive oxygen species production by oral polymorphonuclear neutrophils (oPMNs) in chronic periodontitis (CP) refractory to conventional therapy is associated with severe destruction of periodontium. Herein, we show that inhibition of antioxidant production through down-regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway in oPMN, despite enhanced recruitment in the oral cavity, is associated with severe CP. Twenty-four genes in the Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress response pathway were down-regulated in PMNs of diseased patients. Downstream of Nrf2, levels of oPMN superoxide dismutase 1 and catalase were decreased in severe CP, despite increased recruitment. Nrf2(-/-) mice had more severe loss of periodontium in response to periodontitis-inducing subgingival ligatures compared with wild-types. Levels of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine were increased in periodontal lesions of Nrf2(-/-) mice, indicating high oxidative damage. We report, for the first time, Nrf2 pathway down-regulation in oPMNs of patients with severe CP. PMNs of CP patients may be primed for low antioxidant response in the context of high recruitment in the oral cavity, resulting in increased oxidative tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneliu Sima
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Guy M Aboodi
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Flavia S Lakschevitz
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chunxiang Sun
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael B Goldberg
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zhang Y, Sun J, Zhu S, Xu T, Lu J, Han H, Zhou C, Yan J. The role of rhynchophylline in alleviating early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Brain Res 2015; 1631:92-100. [PMID: 26631843 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Rhynchophylline (Rhy) has been demonstrated protective effects on some neurological diseases. However, the roles of Rhy in the subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are still to be cleared. In the present study, the effects of Rhy on attenuation of early brain injury (EBI) after SAH have been evaluated. The adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (280-300g) were used to establish the SAH models using endovascular perforation method. Rhy was administered by intraperitoneal injection immediately following SAH. Brain edema was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 24h after SAH. Neurological deficits, brain water content, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in hippocampus were also evaluated. Immunofluorescence and western blot were used to explore the underlying protective mechanism of Rhy. The results showed that, following 10mg/kg Rhy treatment, the brain edema and neurological deficits, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption were significantly attenuated at 24h after SAH. Additionally, in hippocampus, MDA concentration, MPO activity and ROS content were markedly decreased. Meanwhile, the levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO-1) were increased, while the expressions of p-p53, cleaved-caspase-3 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were significantly decreased. Our results indicated that Rhy could attenuate early brain injury by reducing inflammation and apoptosis in hippocampus after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Juan Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shijie Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, GuiYang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianfei Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongbin Han
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Lab of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Changman Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Junhao Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Lab of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technology, Beijing 100191, China.
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van der Veen JW, Paskel RF, Smits NAM, Hodemaekers H, van Loveren H, Ezendam J. The involvement of the Toll-like receptor signaling and Nrf2-Keap1 pathways in thein vitroregulation of IL-8 and HMOX1 for skin sensitization. J Immunotoxicol 2015; 13:1-6. [DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2014.975897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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31
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Reporter cell lines for skin sensitization testing. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:1645-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1555-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kimura Y, Fujimura C, Ito Y, Takahashi T, Nakajima Y, Ohmiya Y, Aiba S. Optimization of the IL-8 Luc assay as an in vitro test for skin sensitization. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1816-30. [PMID: 26187477 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported a dataset of the IL-8 Luc assay covering reference chemicals published by ECVAM, in which the effects of chemicals on IL-8 promoter activity were evaluated by an IL-8 reporter cell line, THP-G8 cells. To clarify its performance, we created another dataset of 88 sensitizers and 34 non-sensitizers. Simultaneously, to improve its performance, we changed the incubation time from 5 h to 16 h, deleted the criterion regarding the effects of N-acetylcysteine, and set an exclusion criterion for detergents. These modifications significantly improved its performance. In addition, we examined the following three criteria to judge chemicals as sensitizers: Criterion 1: Fold induction of SLO luciferase activity (FlnSLO-LA)⩾1.4, Criterion 2: the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval of FInSLO-LA⩾1.0, Criterion 3: the intersection of criteria 1 and 2. Among them, Criterion 1 produced the best performance, demonstrating that the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were 81%, 79%, and 90%, respectively. In addition, we found that the IL-8 Luc assay solubilizing chemicals with X-VIVO substantially improved its performance. Finally, the IL-8 Luc assay combined with DPRA and DEREK could improve substantially its performance. These data suggest that the IL-8 Luc assay is a promising test method to screen skin sensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Kimura
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan; Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
| | - Chizu Fujimura
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan; Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yumiko Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan; Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiya Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan; Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan; Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohmiya
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan; Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
| | - Setsuya Aiba
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan; Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan.
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Delgado-Buenrostro NL, Medina-Reyes EI, Lastres-Becker I, Freyre-Fonseca V, Ji Z, Hernández-Pando R, Marquina B, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Espada S, Cuadrado A, Chirino YI. Nrf2 protects the lung against inflammation induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles: A positive regulator role of Nrf2 on cytokine release. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:782-792. [PMID: 24615891 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans and they are an important nanomaterial widely used in pharmaceutical and paint industries. Inhalation is one of the most important routes of exposure in occupational settings. Several experimental models have shown that oxidative stress and inflammation are key mediators of cell damage. In this regard, Nrf2 modulates cytoprotection against oxidative stress and inflammation, however, its role in inflammation induced by TiO2 NPs exposure has been less investigated. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of Nrf2 in the cytokines produced after 4 weeks of TiO2 NPs exposure (5 mg/kg/2 days/week) using wild-type and Nrf2 knockout C57bl6 mice. Results showed that Nrf2 protects against inflammation and oxidative damage induced by TiO2 NPs exposure, however, Nrf2 is a positive mediator in the expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and TGF-β in bronchial epithelium and alveolar space after 4 weeks of exposure. These results suggest that Nrf2 has a central role in up-regulation of cytokines released during inflammation induced by TiO2 NPs and those cytokines are needed to cope with histological alterations in lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Estefany I Medina-Reyes
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Estado de México, 54059, México
| | - Isabel Lastres-Becker
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, España
| | - Verónica Freyre-Fonseca
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Estado de México, 54059, México
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Distrito Federal, CP, 11340, México
| | - Zhaoxia Ji
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Pathology Section, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Brenda Marquina
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Pathology Section, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Laboratorio 209, Edificio F, UNAM, Distrito Federal, 04510, México
| | - Sandra Espada
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, España
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, España
| | - Yolanda I Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Estado de México, 54059, México
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Choi SJ, Paek HJ, Yu J. Oxidative stress by layered double hydroxide nanoparticles via an SFK-JNK and p38-NF-κB signaling pathway mediates induction of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in human lung epithelial cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:3217-29. [PMID: 25995631 PMCID: PMC4425322 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s82061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Anionic nanoclays are layered double hydroxide nanoparticles (LDH-NPs) that have been shown to exhibit toxicity by inducing reactive oxidative species and a proinflammatory mediator in human lung epithelial A549 cells. However, the molecular mechanism responsible for this LDH-NP-induced toxicity and the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammatory events remains unclear. In this study, we focused on intracellular signaling pathways and transcription factors induced in response to oxidative stress caused by exposure to LDH-NPs in A549 cells. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38, were investigated as potential signaling mechanisms responsible for regulation of oxidative stress and cytokine release. Src family kinases (SFKs), which are known to mediate activation of MAPK, together with redox-sensitive transcription factors, including nuclear factor kappa B and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2, were also investigated as downstream events of MAPK signaling. The results obtained suggest that LDH-NP exposure causes oxidative stress, leading to expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, glucose reductase, superoxide dismutase, and heme oxygenase-1, via a SFK-JNK and p38-nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. Further, activation of this signaling was also found to regulate release of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 and interleukin-8, demonstrating the inflammatory potential of LDH-NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jeong Paek
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Rodríguez-Cotto RI, Ortiz-Martínez MG, Jiménez-Vélez BD. Organic extracts from African dust storms stimulate oxidative stress and induce inflammatory responses in human lung cells through Nrf2 but not NF-κB. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:845-56. [PMID: 25769104 PMCID: PMC4447117 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The health impact of the global African dust event (ADE) phenomenon in the Caribbean has been vaguely investigated. Heavy metals in ADE and non-ADE extracts were evaluated for the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant capacity by cells using, deferoxamine mesylate (DF) and N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). Results show that ADE particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) induces ROS and stimulates oxidative stress. Pre-treatment with DF reduces ROS in ADE and Non-ADE extracts and in lung cells demonstrating that heavy metals are of utmost importance. Glutathione-S-transferase and Heme Oxygenase 1 mRNA levels are induced with ADE PM and reduced by DF and NAC. ADE extracts induced Nrf2 activity and IL-8 mRNA levels significantly more than Non-ADE. NF-κB activity was not detected in any sample. Trace elements and organic constituents in ADE PM2.5 enrich the local environment load, inducing ROS formation and activating antioxidant-signaling pathways increasing pro-inflammatory mediator expressions in lung cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa I Rodríguez-Cotto
- University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Department of Biochemistry, Puerto Rico; Center for Environmental and Toxicological Research, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico.
| | - Mario G Ortiz-Martínez
- University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Department of Biochemistry, Puerto Rico; Center for Environmental and Toxicological Research, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico.
| | - Braulio D Jiménez-Vélez
- University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Department of Biochemistry, Puerto Rico; Center for Environmental and Toxicological Research, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico.
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Elisia I, Kitts DD. Tocopherol isoforms (α-, γ-, and δ-) show distinct capacities to control Nrf-2 and NfκB signaling pathways that modulate inflammatory response in Caco-2 intestinal cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 404:123-31. [PMID: 25724683 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We recently showed that α-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols (Toc) were isoform dependent in modulating an inflammatory response in differentiated human Caco-2 intestinal cells. Here, we aim to investigate the relative capacity of Toc isoforms to modify the stress-activated NfκB and Nrf-2 signaling pathways that regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and antioxidant enzymes, respectively, in this well-established in vitro model of the small intestine The modulation of IFNγ/phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced inflammatory responses, determined by the expression of IL8 mRNA and protein, corresponded to the extent by which different Toc isoforms altered intracellular oxidative status in Caco-2 cells. α Toc was more effective at suppressing IFNγ/PMA-induced NfκB activation than γ-Toc, while δ-Toc was ineffective. On the other hand, only δ-Toc and to a lesser extent γ-Toc promoted IFNγ/PMA-induced Nrf-2 activation. Up-regulation of Nrf-2 by δ-Toc coincided with a decrease in GSH/GSSG ratio, thus pointing to pro-oxidant activity of δ-Toc isoform in IFNγ/PMA-stimulated Caco-2 cells. The induction of oxidative stress in IFNγ/PMA-treated cells by δ-Toc was lowered (P < 0.05) in the presence of ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid also enabled a greater suppression of IL8 secretion than when cells were treated with δ-Toc isoform alone. Our findings show that δ-Toc uniquely promoted oxidative stress which translated to Toc isoform-specific modulation of the stress-activated Nrf-2 and NfκB signaling pathway and an influence on IL8 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Elisia
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, University of British Columbia, 219-2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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37
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Gęgotek A, Skrzydlewska E. The role of transcription factor Nrf2 in skin cells metabolism. Arch Dermatol Res 2015; 307:385-96. [PMID: 25708189 PMCID: PMC4469773 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-015-1554-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Skin, which is a protective layer of the body, is in constant contact with physical and chemical environmental factors. Exposure of the skin to highly adverse conditions often leads to oxidative stress. Moreover, it has been observed that skin cells are also exposed to reactive oxygen species generated during cell metabolism particularly in relation to the synthesis of melanin or the metabolism in immune system cells. However, skin cells have special features that protect them against oxidative modifications including transcription factor Nrf2, which is responsible for the transcription of the antioxidant protein genes such as antioxidant enzymes, small molecular antioxidant proteins or interleukins, and multidrug response protein. In the present study, the mechanisms of Nrf2 activation have been compared in the cells forming the various layers of the skin: keratinocytes, melanocytes, and fibroblasts. The primary mechanism of control of Nrf2 activity is its binding by cytoplasmic inhibitor Keap1, while cells have also other controlling mechanisms, such as phosphorylation of Nrf2 and modifications of its activators (e.g., Maf, IKKβ) or inhibitors (e.g., Bach1, caveolae, TGF-β). Moreover, there are a number of drugs (e.g., ketoconazole) used in the pharmacotherapy of skin diseases based on the activation of Nrf2, but they may also induce oxidative stress. Therefore, it is important to look for compounds that cause a selective activation of Nrf2 particularly natural substances such as curcumin, sulforaphane, or extracts from the broccoli leaves without side effects. These findings could be helpful in the searching for new drugs for people with vitiligo or even melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gęgotek
- Departments of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland,
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38
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Reiss LK, Fragoulis A, Siegl S, Platen C, Kan YW, Nautiyal J, Parker M, Pufe T, Uhlig U, Martin C, Uhlig S, Wruck CJ. Interplay between nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and amphiregulin during mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 51:668-77. [PMID: 24921206 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0279oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation (MV) elicits complex and clinically relevant cellular responses in the lungs. The current study was designed to define the role of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a major regulator of the cellular antioxidant defense system, in the pulmonary response to MV. Nrf2 activity was quantified in ventilated isolated perfused mouse lungs (IPL). Regulation of amphiregulin (AREG) was investigated in BEAS-2B cells with inactivated Nrf2 or Keap1, the inhibitor of Nrf2, using a luciferase vector with AREG promoter. AREG-dependent Nrf2 activity was examined in BEAS-2B cells, murine precision-cut lung slices (PCLS), and IPL. Finally, Nrf2 knockout and wild-type mice were ventilated to investigate the interplay between Nrf2 and AREG during MV in vivo. Lung functions and inflammatory parameters were measured. Nrf2 was activated in a ventilation-dependent manner. The knockdown of Nrf2 and Keap1 via short hairpin RNA in BEAS-2B cells and an EMSA with lung tissue revealed that AREG is regulated by Nrf2. Conversely, AREG application induced a significant Nrf2 activation in BEAS-2B cells, PCLS, and IPL. The signal transduction of ventilation-induced Nrf2 activation was shown to be p38 MAP kinase-dependent. In vivo ventilation experiments indicated that AREG is regulated by Nrf2 during MV. We conclude that Areg expression is regulated by Nrf2. During high-pressure ventilation, Nrf2 becomes activated and induces AREG, leading to a positive feedback loop between Nrf2 and AREG, which involves the p38 MAPK and results in the expression of cytoprotective genes.
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39
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Hawley B, L'Orange C, Olsen DB, Marchese AJ, Volckens J. Oxidative stress and aromatic hydrocarbon response of human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to petro- or biodiesel exhaust treated with a diesel particulate filter. Toxicol Sci 2014; 141:505-14. [PMID: 25061111 PMCID: PMC4833025 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of diesel exhaust has changed over the past decade due to the increased use of alternative fuels, like biodiesel, and to new regulations on diesel engine emissions. Given the changing nature of diesel fuels and diesel exhaust emissions, a need exists to understand the human health implications of switching to "cleaner" diesel engines run with particulate filters and engines run on alternative fuels like biodiesel. We exposed well-differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial cells to fresh, complete exhaust from a diesel engine run (1) with and without a diesel particulate filter and (2) using either traditional petro- or alternative biodiesel. Despite the lowered emissions in filter-treated exhaust (a 91-96% reduction in mass), significant increases in transcripts associated with oxidative stress and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon response were observed in all exposure groups and were not significantly different between exposure groups. Our results suggest that biodiesel and filter-treated diesel exhaust elicits as great, or greater a cellular response as unfiltered, traditional petrodiesel exhaust in a representative model of the bronchial epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brie Hawley
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Christian L'Orange
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Dan B Olsen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Anthony J Marchese
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - John Volckens
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
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40
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Time course of bronchial cell inflammation following exposure to diesel particulate matter using a modified EAVES. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:829-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Tertil M, Skrzypek K, Florczyk U, Weglarczyk K, Was H, Collet G, Guichard A, Gil T, Kuzdzal J, Jozkowicz A, Kieda C, Pichon C, Dulak J. Regulation and novel action of thymidine phosphorylase in non-small cell lung cancer: crosstalk with Nrf2 and HO-1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97070. [PMID: 24819505 PMCID: PMC4018251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Proangiogenic enzyme thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is a promising target for anticancer therapy, yet its action in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is not fully understood. To elucidate its role in NSCLC tumor growth, NCI-H292 lung mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells and endothelial cells were engineered to overexpress TP by viral vector transduction. NSCLC cells with altered expression of transcription factor Nrf2 or its target gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were used to study the regulation of TP and the findings from pre-clinical models were related to gene expression data from clinical NSCLC specimens. Overexpression of Nrf2 or HO-1 resulted in upregulation of TP in NCI-H292 cells, an effect mimicked by treatment with an antioxidant N-acetylcysteine and partially reversed by HO-1 knockdown. Overexpression of TP attenuated cell proliferation and migration in vitro, but simultaneously enhanced angiogenic potential of cancer cells supplemented with thymidine. The latter was also observed for SK-MES-1 squamous cell carcinoma and NCI-H460 large cell carcinoma cells. TP-overexpressing NCI-H292 tumors in vivo exhibited better oxygenation and higher expression of IL-8, IL-1β and IL-6. TP overexpression in endothelial cells augmented their angiogenic properties which was associated with enhanced generation of HO-1 and VEGF. Correlation of TP with the expression of HO-1 and inflammatory cytokines was confirmed in clinical samples of NSCLC. Altogether, the increased expression of IL-1β and IL-6 together with proangiogenic effects of TP-expressing NSCLC on endothelium can contribute to tumor growth, implying TP as a target for antiangiogenesis in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Tertil
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orléans, France
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Klaudia Skrzypek
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orléans, France
| | - Urszula Florczyk
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Halina Was
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Guillaume Collet
- Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orléans, France
| | - Alan Guichard
- Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orléans, France
| | - Tomasz Gil
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Kuzdzal
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Claudine Kieda
- Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orléans, France
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orléans, France
| | - Jozef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- * E-mail:
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Florczyk U, Jazwa A, Maleszewska M, Mendel M, Szade K, Kozakowska M, Grochot-Przeczek A, Viscardi M, Czauderna S, Bukowska-Strakova K, Kotlinowski J, Jozkowicz A, Loboda A, Dulak J. Nrf2 regulates angiogenesis: effect on endothelial cells, bone marrow-derived proangiogenic cells and hind limb ischemia. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:1693-708. [PMID: 24053644 PMCID: PMC3961841 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a key cytoprotective transcription factor, regulates also proangiogenic mediators, interleukin-8 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). However, hitherto its role in blood vessel formation was modestly examined. Particularly, although Nrf2 was shown to affect hematopoietic stem cells, it was not tested in bone marrow-derived proangiogenic cells (PACs). Here we investigated angiogenic properties of Nrf2 in PACs, endothelial cells, and inflammation-related revascularization. RESULTS Treatment of endothelial cells with angiogenic cytokines increased nuclear localization of Nrf2 and induced expression of HO-1. Nrf2 activation stimulated a tube network formation, while its inhibition decreased angiogenic response of human endothelial cells, the latter effect reversed by overexpression of HO-1. Moreover, lack of Nrf2 attenuated survival, proliferation, migration, and angiogenic potential of murine PACs and affected angiogenic transcriptome in vitro. Additionally, angiogenic capacity of PAC Nrf2(-/-) in in vivo Matrigel assay and PAC mobilization in response to hind limb ischemia of Nrf2(-/-) mice were impaired. Despite that, restoration of blood flow in Nrf2-deficient ischemic muscles was better and accompanied by increased oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Accordingly, the anti-inflammatory agent etodolac tended to diminish blood flow in the Nrf2(-/-) mice. INNOVATION Identification of a novel role of Nrf2 in angiogenic signaling of endothelial cells and PACs. CONCLUSION Nrf2 contributes to angiogenic potential of both endothelial cells and PACs; however, its deficiency increases muscle blood flow under tissue ischemia. This might suggest a proangiogenic role of inflammation in the absence of Nrf2 in vivo, concomitantly undermining the role of PACs in such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Florczyk
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Krakow, Poland
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Elisia I, Kitts DD. Modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2 control of inflammatory responses in FHs 74 Int cell line is tocopherol isoform-specific. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 305:G940-9. [PMID: 24136788 PMCID: PMC3882439 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00269.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the relative ability of α-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol (Toc) to modulate cell signaling events that are associated with inflammatory responses in fetal-derived intestinal (FHs 74 Int) cells. Secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 in FHs 74 Int cells was stimulated in the following order: α-Toc<γ-Toc<δ-Toc. A similar proinflammatory response was observed when inflammation was induced in FHs 74 Int cells. Modulation of IL-8 expression by Toc corresponded to an isoform-specific modulation of NF-κB and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) cell signaling pathways involved in expression of proinflammatory cytokines and antioxidant enzymes, respectively. δ-Toc and, to a lesser extent, γ-Toc activated NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling, as indicated by the greater nuclear translocation of transcription factors. Activation of NF-κB signaling by γ- and δ-Toc was accompanied by upregulation of NF-κB target genes, such as IL-8 and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, with and without a prior IFNγ-PMA challenge. Nevertheless, γ- and δ-Toc, particularly δ-Toc, concurrently downregulated glutamate-cysteine ligase, a Nrf2 target gene that encodes for glutathione biosynthesis. This observation was substantiated by confirmation that γ- and δ-Toc were effective at decreasing glutamate-cysteine ligase protein expression and cellular glutathione content. Downregulation of glutathione content in fetal intestinal cells corresponded to induction of apoptosis-mediated cytotoxicity. In conclusion, γ- and δ-Toc are biologically active isoforms of vitamin E and show superior bioactivity to α-Toc in modulating cell signaling events that contribute to a proinflammatory response in fetal-derived intestinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Elisia
- Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, Univ. of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4.
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44
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Migdal C, Botton J, El Ali Z, Azoury ME, Guldemann J, Giménez-Arnau E, Lepoittevin JP, Kerdine-Römer S, Pallardy M. Reactivity of chemical sensitizers toward amino acids in cellulo plays a role in the activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway in human monocyte dendritic cells and the THP-1 cell line. Toxicol Sci 2013; 133:259-74. [PMID: 23535360 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis resulting from skin sensitization is an inflammatory skin disease linked to the use of chemicals termed haptens. Chemical reactivity is necessary for a chemical to be a sensitizer, allowing both covalent binding to proteins and maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) by mimicking "danger signals." The aim of this study was to evaluate how the reactivity of chemical sensitizers toward amino acids translates into a biological response using the activation of the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, which was assessed by the induction of three Nrf2 target genes (ho-1, nqo1, and il-8) and Nrf2 protein accumulation. Nrf2 activation is known to play a role in numerous detoxification mechanisms that could regulate danger signal outcomes in myeloid cells. Monocyte-derived DCs and THP-1 cells were exposed to (a) haptens with cysteine, lysine, or cysteine/lysine reactivity, (b) pro-/prehaptens, and (c) nonsensitizing molecules with reducing or oxidative properties (17 molecules in total). Chemicals were classified as "Nrf2 pathway activators" when at least two Nrf2 target genes associated with Nrf2 protein expression were induced. Results showed that most chemical sensitizers having cysteine and cysteine/lysine affinities were inducers of the Nrf2 pathway in both cell models, whereas lysine-reactive chemicals were less efficient. In THP-1 cells, the Nrf2 pathway was also activated by pro-/prehaptens. Regression analysis revealed that ho-1 and nqo1 expressions were found to be associated with chemical sensitizer reactivity to cysteine, providing evidence of the importance of chemical reactivity, as a part of danger signals, in DC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Migdal
- INSERM UMR-S 996, Faculté de Pharmacie, UniverSud, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Sebastian K, Ott H, Zwadlo-Klarwasser G, Skazik-Voogt C, Marquardt Y, Czaja K, Merk HF, Baron JM. Evaluation of the sensitizing potential of antibiotics in vitro using the human cell lines THP-1 and MUTZ-LC and primary monocyte‐derived dendritic cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 262:283-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kosmider B, Messier EM, Janssen WJ, Nahreini P, Wang J, Hartshorn KL, Mason RJ. Nrf2 protects human alveolar epithelial cells against injury induced by influenza A virus. Respir Res 2012; 13:43. [PMID: 22672594 PMCID: PMC3520784 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-13-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza A virus (IAV) infection primarily targets respiratory epithelial cells and produces clinical outcomes ranging from mild upper respiratory infection to severe pneumonia. Recent studies have shown the importance of lung antioxidant defense systems against injury by IAV. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) activates the majority of antioxidant genes. METHODS Alveolar type II (ATII) cells and alveolar macrophages (AM) were isolated from human lungs not suitable for transplantation and donated for medical research. In some studies ATII cells were transdifferentiated to alveolar type I-like (ATI-like) cells. Alveolar epithelial cells were infected with A/PR/8/34 (PR8) virus. We analyzed PR8 virus production, influenza A nucleoprotein levels, ROS generation and expression of antiviral genes. Immunocytofluorescence was used to determine Nrf2 translocation and western blotting to detect Nrf2, HO-1 and caspase 1 and 3 cleavage. We also analyzed ingestion of PR8 virus infected apoptotic ATII cells by AM, cytokine levels by ELISA, glutathione levels, necrosis and apoptosis by TUNEL assay. Moreover, we determined the critical importance of Nrf2 using adenovirus Nrf2 (AdNrf2) or Nrf2 siRNA to overexpress or knockdown Nrf2, respectively. RESULTS We found that IAV induced oxidative stress, cytotoxicity and apoptosis in ATI-like and ATII cells. We also found that AM can ingest PR8 virus-induced apoptotic ATII cells (efferocytosis) but not viable cells, whereas ATII cells did not ingest these apoptotic cells. PR8 virus increased ROS production, Nrf2, HO-1, Mx1 and OAS1 expression and Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus. Nrf2 knockdown with siRNA sensitized ATI-like cells and ATII cells to injury induced by IAV and overexpression of Nrf2 with AdNrf2 protected these cells. Furthermore, Nrf2 overexpression followed by infection with PR8 virus decreased virus replication, influenza A nucleoprotein expression, antiviral response and oxidative stress. However, AdNrf2 did not increase IFN-λ1 (IL-29) levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that IAV induces alveolar epithelial injury and that Nrf2 protects these cells from the cytopathic effects of IAV likely by increasing the expression of antioxidant genes. Identifying the pathways involved in protecting cells from injury during influenza infection may be particularly important for developing new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Kosmider
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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Lau WKW, Chan SCH, Law ACK, Ip MSM, Mak JCW. The Role of MAPK and Nrf2 Pathways in Ketanserin-Elicited Attenuation of Cigarette Smoke–Induced IL-8 Production in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Toxicol Sci 2011; 125:569-77. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Maicas N, Ferrándiz ML, Brines R, Ibáñez L, Cuadrado A, Koenders MI, van den Berg WB, Alcaraz MJ. Deficiency of Nrf2 accelerates the effector phase of arthritis and aggravates joint disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:889-901. [PMID: 21406003 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although oxidative stress participates in the etiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, its importance in this inflammatory disease has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the relevance of the transcription factor Nrf2, master regulator of redox homeostasis, in the effector phase of an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis, using the transfer of serum from K/BxN transgenic mice to Nrf2(-/-) mice. RESULTS Nrf2 deficiency accelerated the incidence of arthritis, and animals showed a widespread disease affecting both front and hind paws. Therefore, the inflammatory response was enhanced, with increased migration of leukocytes and joint destruction in front paws. We observed an increased production of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and CXCL-1 in the joint, with small changes in eicosanoid levels. Serum levels of CXCL-1 and receptor activator for nuclear factor κB ligand were enhanced and osteocalcin decreased in arthritic Nrf2(-/-) mice. The expression of cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and peroxynitrite in the joints was higher in Nrf2 deficiency, whereas heme oxygenase-1 was downregulated. INNOVATION Nrf2 may be a therapeutic target for arthritis. CONCLUSION Our results support a protective role of Nrf2 against joint inflammation and degeneration in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Maicas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Buckley S, Shi W, Carraro G, Sedrakyan S, Da Sacco S, Driscoll BA, Perin L, De Filippo RE, Warburton D. The milieu of damaged alveolar epithelial type 2 cells stimulates alveolar wound repair by endogenous and exogenous progenitors. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 45:1212-21. [PMID: 21700959 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0325oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial integrity is dependent upon the alveolar milieu, yet the milieu of the damaged alveolar epithelial cell type 2 (AEC2) has been little studied. Characterization of its components may offer the potential for ex vivo manipulation of stem cells to optimize their therapeutic potential. We examined the cytokine profile of AEC2 damage milieu, hypothesizing that it would promote endogenous epithelial repair while recruiting cells from other locations and instructing their engraftment and differentiation. Bronchoalveolar lavage and lung extract from hyperoxic rats represented AEC2 in vivo damage milieu, and medium from a scratch-damaged AEC2 monolayer represented in vitro damage. CINC-2 and ICAM, the major cytokines detected by proteomic cytokine array in AEC2 damage milieu, were chemoattractive to normoxic AECs and expedited in vitro wound healing, which was blocked by their respective neutralizing antibodies. The AEC2 damage milieu was also chemotactic for exogenous uncommitted human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs), increasing migration greater than 20-fold. hAFSCs attached within an in vitro AEC2 wound and expedited wound repair by contributing cytokines migration inhibitory factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 to the AEC2 damage milieu, which promoted wound healing. The AEC2 damage milieu also promoted differentiation of a subpopulation of hAFSCs to express SPC, TTF-1, and ABCA3, phenotypic markers of distal alveolar epithelium. Thus, the microenvironment created by AEC2 damage not only promotes autocrine repair but also can attract uncommitted stem cells, which further augment healing through cytokine secretion and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Buckley
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Saban Research Institute, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, California, USA
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Fitzpatrick AM, Stephenson ST, Hadley GR, Burwell L, Penugonda M, Simon DM, Hansen J, Jones DP, Brown LAS. Thiol redox disturbances in children with severe asthma are associated with posttranslational modification of the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127:1604-11. [PMID: 21514635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 03/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway thiol redox disturbances, including depletion of the antioxidant, glutathione, are differentiating features of severe asthma in children. OBJECTIVES Given the role of the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) in maintaining glutathione homeostasis and antioxidant defense, we quantified expression and activity of Nrf2 and its downstream targets in the airways and systemic circulation of children with asthma. We hypothesized that Nrf2 activation and function would be impaired in severe asthma, resulting in depletion of thiol pools and insufficient glutathione synthesis and conjugation. METHODS PBMCs and airway lavage cells were collected from children 6 to 17 years with severe (n = 51) and mild-to-moderate asthma (n = 38). The thiols glutathione and cysteine were quantified, and expression and activity of Nrf2 and its downstream targets were assessed. RESULTS Children with severe asthma had greater oxidation and lower concentrations of glutathione and cysteine in the plasma and airway lavage. Although Nrf2 mRNA and protein increased in severe asthma as a function of increased thiol oxidation, the Nrf2 expressed was highly dysfunctional. Nrf2 activation and downstream targets of Nrf2 binding, including glutathione-dependent enzymes, were not different between groups. The duration of asthma was a key factor associated with Nrf2 dysfunction in severe asthma. CONCLUSION Children with severe asthma have a global disruption of thiol redox signaling and control in both the airways and systemic circulation that is associated with posttranslational modification of Nrf2. We conclude that the Nrf2 pathway is disrupted in severe asthma as a function of chronic oxidative stress, which ultimately inhibits glutathione synthesis and antioxidant defense.
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