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Vahidinia Z, Barati S, Azami Tameh A, Bagheri-Mohammadi S, Garshasebi A. Bee venom as a promising therapeutic strategy in central nervous system diseases. Neuropeptides 2024; 107:102451. [PMID: 38936137 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2024.102451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders are one of the leading health problems today, accounting for a large proportion of global morbidity and mortality. Most these disorders are characterized by high levels of oxidative stress and intense inflammatory responses in degenerated neuronal tissues. While extensive research has been conducted on CNS diseases, but few breakthroughs have been made in treatment methods. To date, there are no disease-modifying drugs available for CNS treatment, underscoring the urgent need for finding effective medications. Bee venom (BV), which is produced by honeybee workers' stingers, has been a subject of interest and study across various cultures. Over the past few decades, extensive research has focused on BV and its therapeutic potentials. BV consists a variety of substances, mainly proteins and peptides like melittin and phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Research has proven that BV is effective in various medical conditions, including pain, arthritis and inflammation and CNS disorders such as Multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the existing knowledge concerning the therapeutic effects of BV and its primary compounds on various CNS diseases. Additionally, we aim to shed light on the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Vahidinia
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Shirin Barati
- Department of Anatomy, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Azami Tameh
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Saeid Bagheri-Mohammadi
- Department of Paramedicine, Amol School of Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.; Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Garshasebi
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Li JL, Jain N, Tamayo LI, Tong L, Jasmine F, Kibriya MG, Demanelis K, Oliva M, Chen LS, Pierce BL. The association of cigarette smoking with DNA methylation and gene expression in human tissue samples. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:636-653. [PMID: 38490207 PMCID: PMC11023923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking adversely affects many aspects of human health, and epigenetic responses to smoking may reflect mechanisms that mediate or defend against these effects. Prior studies of smoking and DNA methylation (DNAm), typically measured in leukocytes, have identified numerous smoking-associated regions (e.g., AHRR). To identify smoking-associated DNAm features in typically inaccessible tissues, we generated array-based DNAm data for 916 tissue samples from the GTEx (Genotype-Tissue Expression) project representing 9 tissue types (lung, colon, ovary, prostate, blood, breast, testis, kidney, and muscle). We identified 6,350 smoking-associated CpGs in lung tissue (n = 212) and 2,735 in colon tissue (n = 210), most not reported previously. For all 7 other tissue types (sample sizes 38-153), no clear associations were observed (false discovery rate 0.05), but some tissues showed enrichment for smoking-associated CpGs reported previously. For 1,646 loci (in lung) and 22 (in colon), smoking was associated with both DNAm and local gene expression. For loci detected in both lung and colon (e.g., AHRR, CYP1B1, CYP1A1), top CpGs often differed between tissues, but similar clusters of hyper- or hypomethylated CpGs were observed, with hypomethylation at regulatory elements corresponding to increased expression. For lung tissue, 17 hallmark gene sets were enriched for smoking-associated CpGs, including xenobiotic- and cancer-related gene sets. At least four smoking-associated regions in lung were impacted by lung methylation quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that co-localize with genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals for lung function (FEV1/FVC), suggesting epigenetic alterations can mediate the effects of smoking on lung health. Our multi-tissue approach has identified smoking-associated regions in disease-relevant tissues, including effects that are shared across tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Li
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Interdisciplinary Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Niyati Jain
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Genetics, Genomics, Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lizeth I Tamayo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lin Tong
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Farzana Jasmine
- Institute for Population and Precision Health (IPPH), Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Muhammad G Kibriya
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kathryn Demanelis
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Meritxell Oliva
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Genomics Research Center, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Lin S Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Brandon L Pierce
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Bogacka J, Pawlik K, Ciapała K, Ciechanowska A, Mika J. CC Chemokine Receptor 4 (CCR4) as a Possible New Target for Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415638. [PMID: 36555280 PMCID: PMC9779674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors participate in many biological processes, including the modulation of neuroimmune interactions. Approximately fifty chemokines are distinguished in humans, which are classified into four subfamilies based on the N-terminal conserved cysteine motifs: CXC, CC, C, and CX3C. Chemokines activate specific receptors localized on the surface of various immune and nervous cells. Approximately twenty chemokine receptors have been identified, and each of these receptors is a seven-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor. Recent studies provide new evidence that CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) is important in the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as diabetes, multiple sclerosis, asthma, dermatitis, and cancer. This review briefly characterizes CCR4 and its ligands (CCL17, CCL22, and CCL2), and their contributions to immunological and neoplastic diseases. The review notes a significant role of CCR4 in nociceptive transmission, especially in painful neuropathy, which accompanies many diseases. The pharmacological blockade of CCR4 seems beneficial because of its pain-relieving effects and its influence on opioid efficacy. The possibilities of using the CCL2/CCL17/CCL22/CCR4 axis as a target in new therapies for many diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joanna Mika
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +48-12-6623-298; Fax: +48-12-6374-500
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De Luca D, Foligno S, Autilio C, Vivanti A, Vanderkerckhove M, Martinovic J, Raschetti R, Guillot L, Touqui L. Secretory phospholipase A2 expression and activity in preterm clinical chorioamnionitis with fetal involvement. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L121-L128. [PMID: 35762614 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00516.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) regulates the first step of inflammatory cascade and is involved in several pathological processes. sPLA2 also plays a role in preterm labor and parturition, since they are triggered by inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins. Interestingly, chorioamnionitis (i.e.: the presence of intrauterine inflammation) is also often associated with preterm birth. We aimed to verify if chorioamnionitis with fetal involvement modifies sPLA2 activity and expression profile in mothers and neonates delivered prematurely. We collected maternal plasma and amniotic fluid, as well as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from preterm neonates born to mothers with or without clinical chorioamnionitis with fetal involvement. We measured concentrations of sPLA2 subtype-IIA and -IB, total enzyme activity and proteins. Urea ratio was used to obtain epithelial lining fluid concentrations. Enzyme activity measured in maternal plasma (p<0.001) and amniotic fluid (p<0.001) was higher in chorioamnionitis cases than in controls. This was mainly due to the increased production of sPLA2-IIA as the subtype -IB was present in a smaller amount and was similar between the two groups; sPLA2-IIA was increased in epithelial lining fluid (p=0.045) or increased, although without statistical significance, in maternal plasma (p=0.06) and amniotic fluid (p=0.08) of chorioamnionitis cases. Cytokines known to increase sPLA2-IIA expression (TNF-a, IL-1b) or whose expression was increased by sPLA2-IIA (IL-8) were higher in histologically confirmed chorioamnionitis (TNF-a (p=0.028), IL-1b (p<0.001) and IL-8 (p=0.038)). These data represent the basis for future studies on sPLA2-IIA inhibition to prevent deleterious consequences of chorioamnionitis and preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele De Luca
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, "Antoine Béclère" Medical Centre, Paris Saclay University Hospitals, APHP (Clamart), Paris, France.,Physiopathology and Therapeutic Innovation Unit-INSERM U999, Paris Saclay University (Le Plessis Robinson), Paris, France
| | - Silvia Foligno
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, "Antoine Béclère" Medical Centre, Paris Saclay University Hospitals, APHP (Clamart), Paris, France
| | - Chiara Autilio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, and Research Institut-Hospital "12 de Octubre," Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandre Vivanti
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Antoine Béclère" Hospital, Paris Saclay University Hospitals, APHP (Clamart), Paris, France
| | - Melanie Vanderkerckhove
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Antoine Béclère" Hospital, Paris Saclay University Hospitals, APHP (Clamart), Paris, France
| | - Jelena Martinovic
- Unit of Fetopathology, "Antoine Béclère" Hospital, Paris Saclay University Hospitals, APHP (Clamart), Paris, France
| | - Roberto Raschetti
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, "Antoine Béclère" Medical Centre, Paris Saclay University Hospitals, APHP (Clamart), Paris, France
| | - Loïc Guillot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR-S938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Lhousseine Touqui
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR-S938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
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Cavalcante JDS, Nogueira Júnior FA, Bezerra Jorge RJ, Almeida C. Pain modulated by Bothrops snake venoms: Mechanisms of nociceptive signaling and therapeutic perspectives. Toxicon 2021; 201:105-114. [PMID: 34425141 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Snake venoms are substances mostly composed by proteins and peptides with high biological activity. Local and systemic effects culminate in clinical manifestations induced by these substances. Pain is the most uncomfortable condition, but it has not been well investigated. This review discusses Bothrops snakebite-induced nociception, highlighting molecules involved in the mediation of this process and perspectives in treatment of pain induced by Bothrops snake venoms (B. alternatus, B. asper, B. atrox, B. insularis, B. jararaca, B. pirajai, B. jararacussu, B. lanceolatus, B. leucurus, B. mattogrossensis, B. moojeni). We highlight, the understanding of the nociceptive signaling, especially in snakebite, enables more efficient treatment approaches. Finally, future perspectives for pain treatment concerning snakebite patients are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joeliton Dos Santos Cavalcante
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Assis Nogueira Júnior
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Drug Research and Development Center Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Roberta Jeane Bezerra Jorge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Drug Research and Development Center Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cayo Almeida
- Center of Mathematics, Computing Sciences and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Morris G, Berk M, Walder K, O'Neil A, Maes M, Puri BK. The lipid paradox in neuroprogressive disorders: Causes and consequences. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:35-57. [PMID: 34118292 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic systemic inflammation is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in an environment of low low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and low total cholesterol and with the pathophysiology of neuroprogressive disorders. The causes and consequences of this lipid paradox are explored. Circulating activated neutrophils can release inflammatory molecules such as myeloperoxidase and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Since activated neutrophils are associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease and with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, it seems reasonable to hypothesise that the inflammatory molecules released by them may act as mediators of the link between systemic inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis in neuroprogressive disorders. This hypothesis is tested by considering the association at a molecular level of systemic inflammation with increased LDL oxidation; increased small dense LDL levels; increased lipoprotein (a) concentration; secretory phospholipase A2 activation; cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation; increased platelet activation; decreased apolipoprotein A1 levels and function; decreased paroxonase-1 activity; hyperhomocysteinaemia; and metabolic endotoxaemia. These molecular mechanisms suggest potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, the Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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Ferrara AL, Cristinziano L, Petraroli A, Bova M, Gigliotti MC, Marcella S, Modestino L, Varricchi G, Braile M, Galdiero MR, Spadaro G, Loffredo S. Roles of Immune Cells in Hereditary Angioedema. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 60:369-382. [PMID: 34050913 PMCID: PMC8272703 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08842-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disease, characterized by recurrent and unexpected potentially life-threatening mucosal swelling. HAE may be further classified into HAE with C1‐inhibitor deficiency (C1‐INH‐HAE) and HAE with normal C1‐INH activity (nlC1‐INH‐HAE), mostly due to mutations leading to increased vascular permeability. Recent evidence implicates also the innate and adaptive immune responses in several aspects of angioedema pathophysiology. Monocytes/macrophages, granulocytes, lymphocytes, and mast cells contribute directly or indirectly to the pathophysiology of angioedema. Immune cells are a source of vasoactive mediators, including bradykinin, histamine, complement components, or vasoactive mediators, whose concentrations or activities are altered in both attacks and remissions of HAE. In turn, through the expression of various receptors, these cells are also activated by a plethora of molecules. Thereby, activated immune cells are the source of molecules in the context of HAE, and on the other hand, increased levels of certain mediators can, in turn, activate immune cells through the engagement of specific surface receptors and contribute to vascular endothelial processes that lead to hyperpemeability and tissue edema. In this review, we summarize recent developments in the putative involvement of the innate and adaptive immune system of angioedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lise Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Leonardo Cristinziano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelica Petraroli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Bova
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Celeste Gigliotti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Simone Marcella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Modestino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariantonia Braile
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spadaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
- WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
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Bhuyan F, de Jesus AA, Mitchell J, Leikina E, VanTries R, Herzog R, Onel KB, Oler A, Montealegre Sanchez GA, Johnson KA, Bichell L, Marrero B, De Castro LF, Huang Y, Calvo KR, Collins MT, Ganesan S, Chernomordik LV, Ferguson PJ, Goldbach-Mansky R. Novel Majeed Syndrome-Causing LPIN2 Mutations Link Bone Inflammation to Inflammatory M2 Macrophages and Accelerated Osteoclastogenesis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73:1021-1032. [PMID: 33314777 PMCID: PMC8252456 DOI: 10.1002/art.41624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective To identify novel heterozygous LPIN2 mutations in a patient with Majeed syndrome and characterize the pathomechanisms that lead to the development of sterile osteomyelitis. Methods Targeted genetic analysis and functional studies assessing monocyte responses, macrophage differentiation, and osteoclastogenesis were conducted to compare the pathogenesis of Majeed syndrome to interleukin‐1 (IL‐1)–mediated diseases including neonatal‐onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID) and deficiency of the IL‐1 receptor antagonist (DIRA). Results A 4‐year‐old girl of mixed ethnic background presented with sterile osteomyelitis and elevated acute‐phase reactants. She had a 17.8‐kb deletion on the maternal LPIN2 allele and a splice site mutation, p.R517H, that variably spliced out exons 10 and 11 on the paternal LPIN2 allele. The patient achieved long‐lasting remission receiving IL‐1 blockade with canakinumab. Compared to controls, monocytes and monocyte‐derived M1‐like macrophages from the patient with Majeed syndrome and those with NOMID or DIRA had elevated caspase 1 activity and IL‐1β secretion. In contrast, lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated, monocyte‐derived, M2‐like macrophages from the patient with Majeed syndrome released higher levels of osteoclastogenic mediators (IL‐8, IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor, CCL2, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α/β, CXCL8, and CXCL1) compared to NOMID patients and healthy controls. Accelerated osteoclastogenesis in the patient with Majeed syndrome was associated with higher NFATc1 levels, enhanced JNK/MAPK, and reduced Src kinase activation, and partially responded to JNK inhibition and IL‐1 (but not IL‐6) blockade. Conclusion We report 2 novel compound heterozygous disease‐causing mutations in LPIN2 in an American patient with Majeed syndrome. LPIN2 deficiency drives differentiation of proinflammatory M2‐like macrophages and enhances intrinsic osteoclastogenesis. This provides a model for the pathogenesis of sterile osteomyelitis which differentiates Majeed syndrome from other IL‐1–mediated autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Bhuyan
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Adriana A de Jesus
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jacob Mitchell
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Evgenia Leikina
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rachel VanTries
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Andrew Oler
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Kim A Johnson
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lena Bichell
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bernadette Marrero
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Yan Huang
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Michael T Collins
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sundar Ganesan
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Leonid V Chernomordik
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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Sager TM, Umbright CM, Mustafa GM, Yanamala N, Leonard HD, McKinney WG, Kashon ML, Joseph P. Tobacco Smoke Exposure Exacerbated Crystalline Silica-Induced Lung Toxicity in Rats. Toxicol Sci 2020; 178:375-390. [PMID: 32976597 PMCID: PMC7825013 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking may modify the lung response to silica exposure including cancer and silicosis. Nevertheless, the precise role of exposure to tobacco smoke (TS) on the lung response to crystalline silica (CS) exposure and the underlying mechanisms need further clarification. The objectives of the present study were to determine the role of TS on lung response to CS exposure and the underlying mechanism(s). Male Fischer 344 rats were exposed by inhalation to air, CS (15 mg/m3, 6 h/day, 5 days), TS (80 mg/m3, 3 h/day, twice weekly, 6 months), or CS (15 mg/m3, 6 h/day, 5 days) followed by TS (80 mg/m3, 3 h/day, twice weekly, 6 months). The rats were euthanized 6 months and 3 weeks following initiation of the first exposure and the lung response was assessed. Silica exposure resulted in significant lung toxicity as evidenced by lung histological changes, enhanced neutrophil infiltration, increased lactate dehydrogenase levels, enhanced oxidant production, and increased cytokine levels. The TS exposure alone had only a minimal effect on these toxicity parameters. However, the combined exposure to TS and CS exacerbated the lung response, compared with TS or CS exposure alone. Global gene expression changes in the lungs correlated with the lung toxicity severity. Bioinformatic analysis of the gene expression data demonstrated significant enrichment in functions, pathways, and networks relevant to the response to CS exposure which correlated with the lung toxicity detected. Collectively our data demonstrated an exacerbation of CS-induced lung toxicity by TS exposure and the molecular mechanisms underlying the exacerbated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina M Sager
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, West Virginia 26505
| | - Christina M Umbright
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, West Virginia 26505
| | - Gul Mehnaz Mustafa
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, West Virginia 26505
| | - Naveena Yanamala
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, West Virginia 26505
| | - Howard D Leonard
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, West Virginia 26505
| | - Walter G McKinney
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, West Virginia 26505
| | - Michael L Kashon
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, West Virginia 26505
| | - Pius Joseph
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, West Virginia 26505
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10
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Ferrara AL, Galdiero MR, Fiorelli A, Cristinziano L, Granata F, Marone G, Crescenzo RMD, Braile M, Marcella S, Modestino L, Varricchi G, Spadaro G, Santini M, Loffredo S. Macrophage-polarizing stimuli differentially modulate the inflammatory profile induced by the secreted phospholipase A 2 group IA in human lung macrophages. Cytokine 2020; 138:155378. [PMID: 33248911 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the effects of snake venom Group IA secreted phospholipase A2 (svGIA) on the release of inflammatory and angiogenic mediators from human lung macrophages (HLMs). HLMs were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or svGIA with or without macrophage-polarizing stimuli (IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ or the adenosine analogue NECA). M2-polarizing cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) inhibited TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, IL-1β, CXCL8 and CCL1 release induced by both LPS and svGIA. IL-4 inhibited also the release of IL-10. IFN-γ reduced IL-10 and IL-12 and increased CCL1 release by both the LPS and svGIA-stimulated HLMs, conversely IFN-γ reduced IL-1β only by svGIA-stimulated HLMs. In addition, IFNγ promoted TNF-α and IL-6 release from svGIA-stimulated HLMs to a greater extent than LPS. NECA inhibited TNF-α and IL-12 but promoted IL-10 release from LPS-stimulated HLMs according to the well-known effect of adenosine in down-regulating M1 activation. By contrast NECA reduced TNF-α, IL-10, CCL1 and IL-1β release from svGIA-activated HLM. IL-10 and NECA increased both LPS- and svGIA-induced vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) release. By contrast, IL-10 reduced angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT1) production from activated HLMs. IFN-γ and IL-4 reduced VEGF-A and ANGPT1 release from both LPS- and svGIA-activated HLMs. Moreover, IL-10 inhibited LPS-induced ANGPT2 production. In conclusion, we demonstrated a fine-tuning modulation of svGIA-activated HLMs differentially exerted by the classical macrophage-polarizing cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lise Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy; WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy; WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
| | - Alfonso Fiorelli
- Translational Medical and Surgical Science, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Cristinziano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy; WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.
| | - Francescopaolo Granata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy; WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Marone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Italy; Monaldi Hospital Pharmacy, Naples, Italy.
| | - Rosa Maria Di Crescenzo
- Translational Medical and Surgical Science, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - Mariantonia Braile
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy; WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.
| | - Simone Marcella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy; WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.
| | - Luca Modestino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy; WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy; WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Spadaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy; WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.
| | - Mario Santini
- Translational Medical and Surgical Science, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy; WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
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11
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Yang L, Wu Y, Lin S, Dai B, Chen H, Tao X, Li G, Wan J, Pan Y. sPLA2-IB and PLA2R mediate insufficient autophagy and contribute to podocyte injury in idiopathic membranous nephropathy by activation of the p38MAPK/mTOR/ULK1 ser757 signaling pathway. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21170. [PMID: 33184968 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001143r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Secretory phospholipase A2 group IB (sPLA2-IB) and M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) are closely associated with proteinuria in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). Podocytes constitute an important component of glomerular filtration, and high basal autophagy is indispensable for podocyte function. The current study aimed to analyze the relationship between sPLA2-IB and podocyte autophagy in IMN and determine whether sPLA2-IB mediates abnormal autophagy regulation in podocytes. The serum sPLA2-IB level and podocyte autophagy were detected, and clinical data were collected from IMN patients with different proteinuria levels. Then, the effects of sPLA2-IB on autophagy signaling pathways were evaluated in cultured human podocytes treated with sPLA2-IB, rapamycin, p38 inhibition, and PLA2R-siRNA in vitro. We found that IMN patients with nephrotic-range proteinuria have a significantly higher level of sPLA2-IB and fewer autophagosomes than those with non-nephrotic-range proteinuria. In vitro sPLA2-IB-induced insufficient autophagy in podocytes and promoted podocyte injury via activation of the mTOR/ULK1ser757 signaling pathway. Moreover, inhibition of p38 MAPK evidently abrogated sPLA2-IB-induced autophagy and the activation of mTOR/ULK1ser757 . Additionally, PLA2R silencing demonstrated that sPLA2-IB-induced abnormal autophagy was also PLA2R-dependent. In conclusion, the results revealed that sPLA2-IB downregulated autophagy and contributed to podocyte injury via PLA2R though activation of the p38MAPK/mTOR/ULK1ser757 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuansheng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Songhua Lin
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Binbin Dai
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuan Tao
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Wan
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yangbin Pan
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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12
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da Luz JZ, Machado TN, Bezerra AG, de Oliveira Ribeiro CA, Neto FF. Cytotoxicity of bismuth nanoparticles in the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:95. [PMID: 33128626 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A promising use of bismuth nanoparticles (BiNPs) for different biomedical applications leads to a search for the elucidation of their toxicity mechanisms, since toxicity studies are still at early stage. In the current study, cytotoxic effects of BiNPs produced by laser ablation in solution (LASiS) was investigated in the murine macrophage line RAW 264.7. The cells were exposed to 0.01-50 µg ml-1 of BiNPs for 24 and 48 h and then cytotoxicity assays were performed. Decrease of MTT conversion to formazan and of cell attachment were observed with no effects on cell proliferation. No loss of membrane integrity or significant changes of ROS and RNS levels were observed in exposed cells. Foremost, increased phagocytic activity and DNA repair foci occurred for cells exposed to BiNPs. These effects are important findings that must be considered in the case of biomedical application of BiNPs, since inappropriate macrophages activation and inactivation may lead to immunotoxicity. Bismuth nanoparticles (BiNPs) produced by laser ablation in solution and stabilized with BSA decrease enzyme-dependent MTT conversion to formazan and increase phagocytic activity and DNA repair foci in murine macrophage line RAW 264.7 when exposed to 50 µg ml-1. These effects are findings that should be considered in the case of biomedical application of BiNPs, since inappropriate macrophages activation and inactivation may lead to immunotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Zablocki da Luz
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, CEP 81.531-990, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Neves Machado
- Laboratório Fotonanobio, Departamento Acadêmico de Física, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, CEP 80.230-901, Brazil
| | - Arandi Ginane Bezerra
- Laboratório Fotonanobio, Departamento Acadêmico de Física, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, CEP 80.230-901, Brazil
| | - Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, CEP 81.531-990, Brazil
| | - Francisco Filipak Neto
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, CEP 81.531-990, Brazil.
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13
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Ferraz CR, Arrahman A, Xie C, Casewell NR, Lewis RJ, Kool J, Cardoso FC. Multifunctional Toxins in Snake Venoms and Therapeutic Implications: From Pain to Hemorrhage and Necrosis. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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14
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Youssif C, Cubillos-Rojas M, Comalada M, Llonch E, Perna C, Djouder N, Nebreda AR. Myeloid p38α signaling promotes intestinal IGF-1 production and inflammation-associated tumorigenesis. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201708403. [PMID: 29907597 PMCID: PMC6034132 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase p38α plays a key role in cell homeostasis, and p38α signaling in intestinal epithelial cells protects against colitis-induced tumorigenesis. However, little is known on the contribution of p38α signaling in intestinal stromal cells. Here, we show that myeloid cell-specific downregulation of p38α protects mice against inflammation-associated colon tumorigenesis. The reduced tumorigenesis correlates with impaired detection in the colon of crucial chemokines for immune cell recruitment. We identify insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) as a novel mediator of the p38α pathway in macrophages. Moreover, using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we confirm the implication of IGF-1 produced by myeloid cells in colon inflammation and tumorigenesis. We also show a correlation between IGF-1 pathway activation and the infiltration of myeloid cells with active p38α in colon samples from patients with ulcerative colitis or colon cancer. Altogether, our results uncover an important role for myeloid IGF-1 downstream of p38α in colitis-associated tumorigenesis and suggest the interest in evaluating IGF-1 therapies for inflammation-associated intestinal diseases, taking into consideration IGF-1 signaling and immune cell infiltration in patient biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrin Youssif
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Cubillos-Rojas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Comalada
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Llonch
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Perna
- Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nabil Djouder
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel R Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain .,ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Recombinant Human Superoxide Dismutase and N-Acetylcysteine Addition to Exogenous Surfactant in the Treatment of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050905. [PMID: 30841517 PMCID: PMC6429363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the molecular background of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and recombinant human superoxide dismutase (rhSOD) antioxidant action when combined with exogenous surfactant in the treatment of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), considering redox signalling a principal part of cell response to meconium. Young New Zealand rabbits were instilled with meconium suspension (Mec) and treated by surfactant alone (Surf) or surfactant in combination with i.v. NAC (Surf + NAC) or i.t. rhSOD (Surf + SOD), and oxygen-ventilated for 5 h. Dynamic lung-thorax compliance, mean airway pressure, PaO₂/FiO₂ and ventilation efficiency index were evaluated every hour; post mortem, inflammatory and oxidative markers (advanced oxidation protein products, total antioxidant capacity, hydroxynonenal (HNE), p38 mitogen activated protein kinase, caspase 3, thromboxane, endothelin-1 and secretory phospholipase A₂) were assessed in pulmonary tissue homogenates. rhSOD addition to surfactant improved significantly, but transiently, gas exchange and reduced levels of inflammatory and oxidative molecules with higher impact; Surf + NAC had stronger effect only on HNE formation, and duration of treatment efficacy in respiratory parameters. In both antioxidants, it seems that targeting reactive oxygen species may be strong supporting factor in surfactant treatment of MAS due to redox sensitivity of many intracellular pathways triggered by meconium.
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16
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Loffredo S, Ferrara AL, Bova M, Borriello F, Suffritti C, Veszeli N, Petraroli A, Galdiero MR, Varricchi G, Granata F, Zanichelli A, Farkas H, Cicardi M, Lambeau G, Marone G. Secreted Phospholipases A 2 in Hereditary Angioedema With C1-Inhibitor Deficiency. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1721. [PMID: 30083168 PMCID: PMC6064723 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hereditary angioedema (HAE) caused by deficiency (type I) or dysfunction (type II) of the C1 inhibitor protein (C1-INH-HAE) is a disabling, potentially fatal condition characterized by recurrent episodes of swelling. We have recently found that patients with C1-INH-HAE have increased plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factors and angiopoietins (Angs), which have been associated with vascular permeability in several diseases. Among these and other factors, blood endothelial cells and vascular permeability can be modulated by extracellular or secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s). Objective We sought to investigate the enzymatic activity and biological functions of sPLA2 in patients with C1-INH-HAE. Methods sPLA2s enzymatic activity was evaluated in the plasma from 109 adult patients with C1-INH-HAE and 68 healthy donors in symptom-free period and attacks. Plasma level of group IIA sPLA2 (hGIIA) protein was measured in selected samples. The effect of C1-INH-HAE plasma on endothelial permeability was examined in vitro using a vascular permeability assay. The role of hGIIA was determined using highly specific sPLA2 indole inhibitors. The effect of recombinant hGIIA on C1-INH activity was examined in vitro by functional assay. Results Plasma sPLA2 activity and hGIIA levels are increased in symptom-free C1-INH-HAE patients compared with controls. sPLA2 activity negatively correlates with C1-INH protein level and function. C1-INH-HAE plasma increases endothelial permeability in vitro, and this effect is partially reverted by a specific hGIIA enzymatic inhibitor. Finally, recombinant hGIIA inhibits C1-INH activity in vitro. Conclusion sPLA2 enzymatic activity (likely attributable to hGIIA), which is increased in C1-INH-HAE patients, can promote vascular permeability and impairs C1-INH activity. Our results may pave the way for investigating the functions of sPLA2s (in particular, hGIIA) in the pathophysiology of C1-INH-HAE and may inform the development of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Anne Lise Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Bova
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Borriello
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.,Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chiara Suffritti
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nóra Veszeli
- Hungarian Angioedema Center, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Angelica Petraroli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Francescopaolo Granata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Zanichelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Henriette Farkas
- Hungarian Angioedema Center, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marco Cicardi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gérard Lambeau
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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17
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Shin D, Choi W, Bae H. Bee Venom Phospholipase A2 Alleviate House Dust Mite-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions by the CD206 Mannose Receptor. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10040146. [PMID: 29614845 PMCID: PMC5923312 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10040146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by highly pruritic, erythematous, and eczematous skin plaques. We previously reported that phospholipase A2 (PLA2) derived from bee venom alleviates AD-like skin lesions induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and house dust mite extract (Dermatophagoides farinae extract, DFE) in a murine model. However, the underlying mechanisms of PLA2 action in actopic dermatitis remain unclear. In this study, we showed that PLA2 treatment inhibited epidermal thickness, serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and cytokine levels, macrophage and mast cell infiltration in the ear of an AD model induced by DFE and DNCB. In contrast, these effects were abrogated in CD206 mannose receptor-deficient mice exposed to DFE and DNCB in the ear. These data suggest that bvPLA2 alleviates atopic skin inflammation via interaction with CD206.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasom Shin
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 kyungheedae-ro, dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Won Choi
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 kyungheedae-ro, dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 kyungheedae-ro, dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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18
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Cipriani C, Pepe J, Clementelli C, Manai R, Colangelo L, Fassino V, Nieddu L, Minisola S. Effect of a single intravenous zoledronic acid administration on biomarkers of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with osteoporosis: a pilot study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 83:2266-2273. [PMID: 28543687 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The pilot study was designed to evaluate the early effect of intravenous (i.v.) zoledronic acid (ZA) on renal function. METHODS Five mg i.v. ZA was administered to 23 patients with osteoporosis (17 women and 6 men, mean age 73 ± 7 SD years). Urinary NGAL, KIM-1, and MCP-1, plasma (p) MCP-1 and serum (s) IL-18, serum calcium (sCa), Creatinine clearance (CrCl), parathyroid hormone (PTH), plasma C-terminal FGF23 (pFGF23), serum (s) Klotho, calcium excretion (CaEx) and renal threshold phosphate concentration/GFR (TmPO4 /GFR) were assessed at baseline, 24 h and Day 30 after administration. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in sCa and CaEx at 24 h (-4.1 ± 2.8%, P < 0.01 and -28 ± 59%, P < 0.05, respectively) and Day 30 (-3.9 ± 4%, P < 0.001 and -26 ± 43%, P < 0.01) and a significant increase in PTH (79.8 ± 95.8%) at Day 30 (P < 0.001) compared to baseline. TmPO4 /GFR decreased significantly at 24 h and Day 30 (-8.6 ± 15.9%, P < 0.05 and -11.3 ± 13.5%, P < 0.001) compared to baseline. We observed no difference in the concentration of pFGF23, sKlotho and urinary AKI biomarkers at any time points. Mean levels of sIL-18 and pMCP-1 increased significantly at 24 h (44 ± 88%; P < 0.01 and 198 ± 237%; P < 0.001) and returned to baseline at Day 30. CONCLUSIONS Our pilot study suggests that there is no direct acute effect of ZA on kidney function. The increase in plasma MCP-1 and serum IL-18 concentration could be associated with the stimulation of immunity mechanisms occurring soon after the administration of the drug. Secondary hyperparathyroidism develops shortly after the infusion of ZA and is maintained even after 1 month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Cipriani
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Jessica Pepe
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Clementelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Rizieri Manai
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Colangelo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Fassino
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Nieddu
- Faculty of Economics, UNINT University, Via Cristoforo Colombo 200, 00147, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Minisola
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
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19
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Inflammatory Action of Secretory Phospholipases A2 from Snake Venoms. TOXINS AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6452-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Loffredo S, Borriello F, Iannone R, Ferrara AL, Galdiero MR, Gigantino V, Esposito P, Varricchi G, Lambeau G, Cassatella MA, Granata F, Marone G. Group V Secreted Phospholipase A 2 Induces the Release of Proangiogenic and Antiangiogenic Factors by Human Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2017; 8:443. [PMID: 28458672 PMCID: PMC5394767 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s) are extracellular enzymes that catalyze the release of free fatty acids and lysophospholipids from membrane phospholipids and also bind to different receptors (e.g., PLA2R1 or integrins). To date, 12 mammalian sPLA2s have been identified, which play a critical role in pathophysiological processes including inflammation and cancer. sPLA2s activate immune cells such as human neutrophils (PMNs) by enzymatic activity- or receptor-mediated mechanisms. In addition, human PMNs synthesize and store human group V (hGV) and human group X (hGX) sPLA2s in their granules, but only the former is released upon cellular activation. We investigated the effects of sPLA2s on the release of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors by PMNs. We found that exogenous hGV and hGX sPLA2s induce the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, angiopoietin 1 (Ang1), and CXCL8/IL-8. Only hGV induces the secretion of the antiangiogenic isoform of VEGF-A, namely, VEGF-A165b. While the release of VEGF-A, Ang1, and CXCL8/IL-8 was likely mediated by hGV enzymatic activity and/or binding to PLA2R1 and heparan sulfate proteoglycans, the release of VEGF-A165b requires the interaction with αVβ3 and α4β1 integrins. We also provide evidence that endogenous hGV released by N-formyl-met-leu-phe (fMLF)-activated PMNs is involved in the release of angiogenic factors. The translational relevance of these data is supported by our findings that hGV expression is increased in human samples of lung cancer which are infiltrated by PMNs. Overall, our results suggest that the hGV-neutrophil axis may play a relevant role in the modulation of cancer-related inflammation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Loffredo
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Stefania Loffredo, ; Gianni Marone,
| | - Francesco Borriello
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raffaella Iannone
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anne L. Ferrara
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria R. Galdiero
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Gigantino
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Esposito
- U.O.C. Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gerard Lambeau
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d’Azur, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Marco A. Cassatella
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francescopaolo Granata
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CNR Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Stefania Loffredo, ; Gianni Marone,
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Molecular modeling of Gly80 and Ser80 variants of human group IID phospholipase A2 and their receptor complexes: potential basis for weight loss in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Mol Model 2016; 22:232. [PMID: 27585677 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-016-3095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Weight loss is a well known systemic manifestation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A Gly80Ser mutation on human group IID secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) enhances expression of the cytokines that are responsible for weight loss. In this study, we seek to establish a structural correlation of wild type sPLA2 and the Gly80Ser mutation with function. sPLA2 with glycine and serine at the 80th positions and the M-type receptor were modelled. The enzymes were docked to the receptor and molecular dynamics was carried out to 70 ns. Structural analysis revealed the enzymes to comprise three helices (H1-H3), two short helices (SH1 and SH2), and five loops including a calcium binding loop (L1-L5), and to be stabilized by seven disulfide bonds. The overall backbone folds of the two models are very similar, with main chain RMSD of less than 1 Å. The active site within the substrate binding channel shows a catalytic triad of water-His67-Asp112, showing a hydrogen bonded network. Major structural differences between wild type and mutant enzymes were observed locally at the site of the mutation and in their global conformations. These differences include: (1) loop-L3 between H2 and H3, which bears residue Gly80 in the wild type, is in a closed conformation with respect to the channel opening, while in the mutant enzyme it adopts a relatively open conformation; (2) the mutant enzyme is less compact and has higher solvent accessible surface area; and (3) interfacial binding contact surface area is greater, and the quality of interactions with the receptor is better in the mutant enzyme as compared to the wild type. Therefore, the structural differences delineated in this study are potential biophysical factors that could determine the increased potency of the mutant enzyme with macrophage receptor for cytokine secreting function, resulting in exacerbation of cachexia in COPD.
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Ye M, Chung HS, Lee C, Hyun Song J, Shim I, Kim YS, Bae H. Bee venom phospholipase A2 ameliorates motor dysfunction and modulates microglia activation in Parkinson's disease alpha-synuclein transgenic mice. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e244. [PMID: 27388550 PMCID: PMC4973312 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-Syn) has a critical role in microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, which leads to the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent studies have shown that bee venom (BV) has beneficial effects on PD symptoms in human patients or 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) toxin-induced PD mice. This study investigated whether treatment with BV-derived phospholipase A2 (bvPLA2) would improve the motor dysfunction and pathological features of PD in human A53T α-Syn mutant transgenic (A53T Tg) mice. The motor dysfunction of A53T Tg mice was assessed using the pole test. The levels of α-Syn, microglia and the M1/M2 phenotype in the spinal cord were evaluated by immunofluorescence. bvPLA2 treatment significantly ameliorated motor dysfunction in A53T Tg mice. In addition, bvPLA2 significantly reduced the expression of α-Syn, the activation and numbers of microglia, and the ratio of M1/M2 in A53T Tg mice. These results suggest that bvPLA2 could be a promising treatment option for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsook Ye
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanju Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Song
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Insop Shim
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medical Science Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Sub Kim
- Department of Anatomy-Pointlogy, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Sigola LB, Fuentes AL, Millis LM, Vapenik J, Murira A. Effects of Toll-like receptor ligands on RAW 264.7 macrophage morphology and zymosan phagocytosis. Tissue Cell 2016; 48:389-96. [PMID: 27157550 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study we compared the effects of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands lipopolysaccharide (LPS), flagellin, the synthetic bacterial triacylated lipopeptide Pam3-Cys-Ser-Lys4 (Pam3CSK4), Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C), and macrophage-activating lipopeptide (MALP-2), which are TLR4, TLR5, TLR1/2, TLR3, and TLR2/6 agonists, respectively, on cell morphology and phagocytosis of zymosan particles, derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and rich in fungal PAMPs including beta-glucan, mannose, and chitin. LPS, Pam3CSK4, and MALP-2 induced an activated macrophage phenotype and enhanced zymosan phagocytosis. In contrast, flagellin and Poly I:C, respectively, had little effect on cell morphology and phagocytosis. We examined the role of scavenger receptor A (SR-A) on zymosan phagocytosis. Cells cultured in medium alone expressed SR-A, and LPS induced further expression of the receptor. We also observed inhibitory effects of scavenger receptor antagonists fucoidan, dextran sulphate, and Polyinosinic (Poly I), respectively, on zymosan phagocytosis of cells in medium alone and those pre-treated with LPS. We conclude that exposure to specific TLR ligands impacts both cellular morphology and phagocytic capacity, and that scavenger receptors contribute to zymosan ingestion as well as LPS-induced augmentation of phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette B Sigola
- Biology Department, Douglas College, P.O. Box 2503, New Westminster B.C. V3L 5B2, Canada.
| | - Ana-Lucía Fuentes
- Biology Department, Douglas College, P.O. Box 2503, New Westminster B.C. V3L 5B2, Canada
| | - Leonard M Millis
- Biology Department, Douglas College, P.O. Box 2503, New Westminster B.C. V3L 5B2, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Vapenik
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Douglas College, P.O. Box 2503, New Westminster B.C. V3L 5B2, Canada
| | - Armstrong Murira
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, B.C. V5A 1S6 Canada
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Ye M, Chung HS, Lee C, Yoon MS, Yu AR, Kim JS, Hwang DS, Shim I, Bae H. Neuroprotective effects of bee venom phospholipase A2 in the 3xTg AD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:10. [PMID: 26772975 PMCID: PMC4715334 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0476-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a severe neuroinflammatory disease. CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) modulate various inflammatory diseases via suppressing Th cell activation. There are increasing evidences that Tregs have beneficial roles in neurodegenerative diseases. Previously, we found the population of Treg cells was significantly increased by bee venom phospholipase A2 (bvPLA2) treatment in vivo and in vitro. Methods To examine the effects of bvPLA2 on AD, bvPLA2 was administered to 3xTg-AD mice, mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. The levels of amyloid beta (Aβ) deposits in the hippocampus, glucose metabolism in the brain, microglia activation, and CD4+ T cell infiltration were analyzed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of bvPLA2. Results bvPLA2 treatment significantly enhanced the cognitive function of the 3xTg-AD mice and increased glucose metabolism, as assessed with 18F-2 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([F-18] FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). The levels of Aβ deposits in the hippocampus were dramatically decreased by bvPLA2 treatment. This neuroprotective effect of bvPLA2 was associated with microglial deactivation and reduction in CD4+ T cell infiltration. Interestingly, the neuroprotective effects of bvPLA2 were abolished in Treg-depleted mice. Conclusions The present studies strongly suggest that the increase of Treg population by bvPLA2 treatment might inhibit progression of AD in the 3xTg AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsook Ye
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chanju Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moon Sik Yoon
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - A Ram Yu
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology, #215-4 Gongneug-dong, Nowon-ku, Seoul, 139-241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Su Kim
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology, #215-4 Gongneug-dong, Nowon-ku, Seoul, 139-241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Deok-Sang Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Insop Shim
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medical Science Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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Park S, Baek H, Jung KH, Lee G, Lee H, Kang GH, Lee G, Bae H. Bee venom phospholipase A2 suppresses allergic airway inflammation in an ovalbumin-induced asthma model through the induction of regulatory T cells. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2015; 3:386-97. [PMID: 26734460 PMCID: PMC4693726 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bee venom (BV) is one of the alternative medicines that have been widely used in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. We previously demonstrated that BV induces immune tolerance by increasing the population of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in immune disorders. However, the major component and how it regulates the immune response have not been elucidated. We investigated whether bee venom phospholipase A2 (bvPLA2) exerts protective effects that are mediated via Tregs in OVA‐induced asthma model. bvPLA2 was administered by intraperitoneal injection into control and OVA‐challenged mice. The Treg population, total and differential bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell count, Th2 cytokines, and lung histological features were assessed. Treg depletion was used to determine the involvement of Treg migration and the reduction of asthmatic symptoms. The CD206‐dependence of bvPLA2‐treated suppression of airway inflammation was evaluated in OVA‐challenged CD206‐/‐ mice. The bvPLA2 treatment induced the Tregs and reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lung in the OVA‐challenged mice. Th2 cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were reduced in bvPLA2‐treated mice. Although bvPLA2 suppressed the number of inflammatory cells after OVA challenge, these effects were not observed in Treg‐depleted mice. In addition, we investigated the involvement of CD206 in bvPLA2‐mediated immune tolerance in OVA‐induced asthma model. We observed a significant reduction in the levels of Th2 cytokines and inflammatory cells in the BALF of bvPLA2‐treated OVA‐induced mice but not in bvPLA2‐treated OVA‐induced CD206‐/‐ mice. These results demonstrated that bvPLA2 can mitigate airway inflammation by the induction of Tregs in an OVA‐induced asthma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Park
- Department of Physiology College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University #1 Hoeki-Dong Dongdaemoon-Gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Baek
- Department of Physiology College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University #1 Hoeki-Dong Dongdaemoon-Gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Jung
- Department of Physiology College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University #1 Hoeki-Dong Dongdaemoon-Gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Gihyun Lee
- Department of Physiology College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University #1 Hoeki-Dong Dongdaemoon-Gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonhoon Lee
- Department of Physiology College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University #1 Hoeki-Dong Dongdaemoon-Gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Hyung Kang
- Department of Physiology College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University #1 Hoeki-Dong Dongdaemoon-Gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeseok Lee
- Department of Physiology College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University #1 Hoeki-Dong Dongdaemoon-Gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Physiology College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University #1 Hoeki-Dong Dongdaemoon-Gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
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Maher K, Yassine BA, Sofiane B. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Eriobotrya japonica leaves extracts. Afr Health Sci 2015; 15:613-20. [PMID: 26124811 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v15i2.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present work we determined phenolic and flavonoids content of Eriobotrya japonica leaves extracts and fractions and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the inhibition of inflammatory PLA2 and antioxidant effects of extracts and fractions from Eriobotrya japonica leaves. METHODS Antioxidant activity was evaluated with DPPH radical scavenging assay and anti-inflammatory effect of fractions was measured by their inhibition potency on the human pro-inflammatory phospholipase A2 (group IIA). RESULTS The EtOH/EtOAc 2:1 extract exhibited a potent inhibition of the hG-IIA with an IC50 values of 8 µg/ml. It also shows an antioxidant activity measured on DPPH with an IC50 of 42 µg/ml. Fractionation shows that CH2Cl2/MeOH 0:1 fraction was the rich one on flavonoids compounds (4.3 mg/g dry weight) and demonstrates a high antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 12 µg/ml. The anti-inflammatory evaluation demonstrates that the same fraction was the best one to inhibit the pro-inflammatory phospholipase A2 group IIA with an IC50 of 4 µg/ml. CONCLUSION Study conducted on Eriobotrya japonica shows that CH2Cl2/MeOH 0:1 fraction inhibits efficiently the hG-IIA phospholipase. which is considered as pro-inflammatory enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kammoun Maher
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax BP1173-3038, University of Sfax, Tunisia ; Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax BP1173-3038, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ben Ali Yassine
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax BP1173-3038, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Bezzine Sofiane
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax BP1173-3038, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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Spanos JP, Hsu NJ, Jacobs M. Microglia are crucial regulators of neuro-immunity during central nervous system tuberculosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:182. [PMID: 26041993 PMCID: PMC4435040 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection of the central nervous system (CNS) is the most devastating manifestation of tuberculosis (TB), with both high mortality and morbidity. Although research has been fueled by the potential therapeutic target microglia offer against neurodegenerative inflammation, their part in TB infection of the CNS has not been fully evaluated nor elucidated. Yet, as both the preferential targets of M. tuberculosis and the immune-effector cells of the CNS, microglia are likely to be key determinants of disease severity and clinical outcomes. Following pathogen recognition, bacilli are internalized and capable of replicating within microglia. Cellular activation ensues, utilizing signaling molecules that may be neurotoxic. Central to initiating, orchestrating and modulating the tuberculous immune response is microglial secretion of cytokines and chemokines. However, the neurological environment is unique in that inflammatory signals, which appear to be damaging in the periphery, could be beneficial by governing neuronal survival, regeneration and differentiation. Furthermore, microglia are important in the recruitment of peripheral immune cells and central to defining the pro-inflammatory milieu of which neurotoxicity may result from many of the participating local or recruited cell types. Microglia are capable of both presenting antigen to infiltrating CD4(+) T-lymphocytes and inducing their differentiation-a possible correlate of protection against M. tuberculosis infection. Clarifying the nature of the immune effector molecules secreted by microglia, and the means by which other CNS-specific cell types govern microglial activation or modulate their responses is critical if improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are to be attained. Therefore, this review evaluates the diverse roles microglia play in the neuro-immunity to M. tuberculosis infection of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Paul Spanos
- Division of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nai-Jen Hsu
- Division of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Muazzam Jacobs
- Division of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa ; National Health Laboratory Service Johannesburg, South Africa
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Zhi H, Qu L, Wu F, Chen L, Tao J. Group IIE secretory phospholipase A2 regulates lipolysis in adipocytes. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:760-8. [PMID: 25755141 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the function of group IIE secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2) -IIE) in adipocytes and to explore the possible signaling mechanism involved. METHODS The expression of sPLA(2) -IIE was demonstrated using real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Lipid accumulation was evaluated via the measurement of cellular triglycerides (TG). Lipolysis was quantified by measuring the release of free glycerol. The expressions of M-type sPLA(2) receptor (PLA(2) R1) and the genes encoding adipogenic proteins were measured using real-time PCR. The activities of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK), and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) were determined using Western blot. RESULTS sPLA(2) -IIE(-/-) mice gained significantly more epididymal fat than wild-type (WT) mice. When treated with adipogenic stimuli ex vivo, stromal vascular cells isolated from the adipose tissue of sPLA(2) -IIE(-/-) mice accumulated significantly more TG than those from WT mice. Conversely, a significant reduction in lipid accumulation and an increase of free glycerol were observed in OP9 cells overexpressing sPLA(2) -IIE and in 3T3-L1 cells treated with sPLA(2) -IIE protein. Moreover, sPLA(2) -IIE significantly induced adipocyte glycerol release and HSL activity, which was inhibited by PD98059, an ERK inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS sPLA(2) -IIE regulates lipolysis in adipocytes, likely through the ERK/HSL signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhi
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China. Correspondence: Ling Chen ; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou College of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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The step further to understand the role of cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha and group X secretory phospholipase A2 in allergic inflammation: pilot study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:670814. [PMID: 25247183 PMCID: PMC4163415 DOI: 10.1155/2014/670814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Allergens, viral, and bacterial infections are responsible for asthma exacerbations that occur with progression of airway inflammation. cPLA2α and sPLA2X are responsible for delivery of arachidonic acid for production of eicosanoids—one of the key mediators of airway inflammation. However, cPLA2α and sPLA2X role in allergic inflammation has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of rDer p1 and rFel d1 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on cPLA2α expression and sPLA2X secretion in PBMC of asthmatics and in A549 cell line. PBMC isolated from 14 subjects, as well as A549 cells, were stimulated with rDer p1, rFel d1, and LPS. Immunoblotting technique was used to study the changes in cPLA2α protein expression and ELISA was used to analyze the release of sPLA2X. PBMC of asthmatics released more sPLA2X than those from healthy controls in the steady state. rDer p1 induced more sPLA2X secretion than cPLA2α protein expression. rFel d1 caused decrease in cPLA2α relative expression in PBMC of asthmatics and in A549 cells. Summarizing, Der p1 and Fel d1 involve phospholipase A2 enzymes in their action. sPLA2X seems to be one of important PLA2 isoform in allergic inflammation, especially caused by house dust mite allergens.
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Romero R, Yoon BH, Chaemsaithong P, Cortez J, Park CW, Gonzalez R, Behnke E, Hassan SS, Gotsch F, Yeo L, Chaiworapongsa T. Secreted phospholipase A2 is increased in meconium-stained amniotic fluid of term gestations: potential implications for the genesis of meconium aspiration syndrome. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014; 27:975-83. [PMID: 24063538 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2013.847918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) represents the passage of fetal colonic content into the amniotic cavity. Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is a complication that occurs in a subset of infants with MSAF. Secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) is detected in meconium and is implicated in the development of MAS. The purpose of this study was to determine if sPLA2 concentrations are increased in the amniotic fluid of women in spontaneous labor at term with MSAF. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of patients in spontaneous term labor who underwent amniocentesis (n = 101). The patients were divided into two study groups: (1) MSAF (n = 61) and (2) clear fluid (n = 40). The presence of bacteria and endotoxin as well as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and sPLA2 concentrations in the amniotic fluid were determined. Statistical analyses were performed to test for normality and bivariate analysis. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to study the relationship between sPLA2 and IL-6 concentrations in the amniotic fluid. RESULTS Patients with MSAF have a higher median sPLA2 concentration (ng/mL) in amniotic fluid than those with clear fluid [1.7 (0.98-2.89) versus 0.3 (0-0.6), p < 0.001]. Among patients with MSAF, those with either microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC, defined as presence of bacteria in the amniotic cavity), or bacterial endotoxin had a significantly higher median sPLA2 concentration (ng/mL) in amniotic fluid than those without MIAC or endotoxin [2.4 (1.7-6.0) versus 1.7 (1.3-2.5), p < 0.05]. There was a positive correlation between sPLA2 and IL-6 concentrations in the amniotic fluid (Spearman Rho = 0.3, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION MSAF that contains bacteria or endotoxin has a higher concentration of sPLA2, and this may contribute to induce lung inflammation when meconium is aspirated before birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS , Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI , USA
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Sakai O, Tamada Y, Shearer TR, Azuma M. Involvement of NFκB in the production of chemokines by rat and human conjunctival cells cultured under allergenic conditions. Curr Eye Res 2013; 38:825-34. [PMID: 23621293 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2013.780623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of present studies was to determine the involvement of NFκB and STAT6 transcription factors in the production of cytokines by the fibroblasts and epithelial cells in conjunctiva. METHODS An in vitro model of allergic conjunctivitis was developed by sensitizing and challenging rat mast cells with anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE and DNP-BSA, and then using the conditioned medium to stimulate rat conjunctival fibroblasts. Chemokines (eotaxin-1, IL-8, and RANTES -- Regulated and Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted) released from cells into the medium was determined by ELISA. Human conjunctival fibroblasts and epithelial cells were also directly stimulated with exogenous cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α or IL-4. Degradation of IκB-α and phosphorylation of STAT6 were assessed by immunoblotting. For inhibition of NFκB or STAT6 activation, upstream regulators IκB kinase and Janus protein tyrosine kinases (JAK) were inhibited by use of BMS-345541 and JAK inhibitor 1. An in vivo model of conjunctivitis was also produced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OA) with aluminum hydroxide and challenge at 21 d with OA eye drops. RESULTS Stimulated rat mast cells released TNF-α and IL-4. TNF-α induced NFκB activation in rat and human conjunctival fibroblasts and epithelial cells, and caused production and release of cytokines IL-8 and RANTES. IL-4 activation of STAT6 did not cause release of these cytokines. Only fibroblasts produced the eosinophil-recruiting cytokine, eotaxin-1, after treatment with TNF-α- plus IL-4. As observed in the cultured cells, allergic stimulation in the in vivo model caused degradation of IκB-α in conjunctiva, and infiltration of eosinophils and other inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION Activated NFκB was found to be a major transcription factor for the release of cytokines from conjunctival cells and intensification of the allergic response. Inhibition of the NFκB pathway by therapeutic drugs may be an important objective for the treatment of human allergic conjunctivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Sakai
- Senju Laboratory of Ocular Sciences, Senju Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kobe, Japan
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Secretory phospholipase A2 promotes MMP-9-mediated cell death by degrading type I collagen via the ERK pathway at an early stage of chondrogenesis. Biol Cell 2012; 102:107-19. [DOI: 10.1042/bc20090073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sin BA, Akdis M, Zumkehr J, Bezzine S, Bekpen C, Lambeau G, Akdis CA. T-cell and antibody responses to phospholipase A2 from different species show distinct cross-reactivity patterns. Allergy 2011; 66:1513-21. [PMID: 21848517 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02689.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2) represent antigens to which humans may be rarely or frequently exposed. Thus, the investigation of humoral and cellular immune responses to sPLA2s from different species can provide a suitable model in the study of antibody and T-cell cross-reactivity. METHODS Specific IgE, IgG1, IgG4, and IgA antibodies were analyzed by ELISA against sPLA2s from pancreas of Bos taurus (BT), Apis mellifera (AM) bee venom, Daboia russellii (DR) and Naja mossambica (NM) snake venoms, and human group III (hGIII) sPLA2 using sera of nonallergic beekeepers, AM-allergic patients, and healthy controls. T-cell cross-reactivity was investigated in PBMC, and T-cell clones (TCC) are generated against AM sPLA2. RESULTS Hyperimmune and allergic individuals showed high levels of sPLA2-specific IgG4 and significant IgG4 cross-reactivity between BT, DR, and NM sPLA2s. Furthermore, IgE, IgA, and IgG1 cross-reactivities against BT, DR, and NM sPLA2s were also detectable in the range of 22.2-44.8%. Allergic patients showed significant T-cell proliferative response to NM sPLA2 together with increased IFN-γ and IL-13 production even though they had never been exposed to cobra venom. Although nonallergic healthy controls show no cross-reactivity at T-cell level, they did have low levels of IgG4 and IgA against BT, DR, and NM sPLA2s. Human TCC spanning three major T-cell epitopes of AM sPLA2 showed minor proliferative response to NM and hGIII sPLA2s. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that T cells and antibodies may show cross-reactivity between different species without being naturally exposed to sPLA2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Sin
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.
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De Luca D, Capoluongo E, Rigo V. Secretory phospholipase A2 pathway in various types of lung injury in neonates and infants: a multicentre translational study. BMC Pediatr 2011; 11:101. [PMID: 22067747 PMCID: PMC3247178 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-11-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) is a group of enzymes involved in lung tissue inflammation and surfactant catabolism. sPLA2 plays a role in adults affected by acute lung injury and seems a promising therapeutic target. Preliminary data allow foreseeing the importance of such enzyme in some critical respiratory diseases in neonates and infants, as well. Our study aim is to clarify the role of sPLA2 and its modulators in the pathogenesis and clinical severity of hyaline membrane disease, infection related respiratory failure, meconium aspiration syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome. sPLA2 genes will also be sequenced and possible genetic involvement will be analysed. METHODS/DESIGN Multicentre, international, translational study, including several paediatric and neonatal intensive care units and one coordinating laboratory. Babies affected by the above mentioned conditions will be enrolled: broncho-alveolar lavage fluid, serum and whole blood will be obtained at definite time-points during the disease course. Several clinical, respiratory and outcome data will be recorded. Laboratory researchers who perform the bench part of the study will be blinded to the clinical data. DISCUSSION This study, thanks to its multicenter design, will clarify the role(s) of sPLA2 and its pathway in these diseases: sPLA2 might be the crossroad between inflammation and surfactant dysfunction. This may represent a crucial target for new anti-inflammatory therapies but also a novel approach to protect surfactant or spare it, improving alveolar stability, lung mechanics and gas exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele De Luca
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Dept of Emergency and Intensive Care, University Hospital "A.Gemelli", Catholic University of the Sacred Heart - Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Biology, Dept of Molecular Medicine, University Hospital "A.Gemelli", Catholic University of the Sacred Heart - Rome, Italy
| | - Ettore Capoluongo
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Dept of Emergency and Intensive Care, University Hospital "A.Gemelli", Catholic University of the Sacred Heart - Rome, Italy
| | - Vincent Rigo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Liège, CHU de Liège (CHR Citadelle), Belgium
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Bento AF, Marcon R, Dutra RC, Claudino RF, Cola M, Leite DFP, Calixto JB. β-Caryophyllene inhibits dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice through CB2 receptor activation and PPARγ pathway. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 178:1153-66. [PMID: 21356367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) activation is suggested to trigger the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) pathway, and agonists of both receptors improve colitis. Recently, the plant metabolite (E)-β-caryophyllene (BCP) was shown to bind to and activate CB2. In this study, we examined the anti-inflammatory effect of BCP in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and analyzed whether this effect was mediated by CB2 and PPARγ. Oral treatment with BCP reduced disease activity, colonic macro- and microscopic damage, myeloperoxidase and N-acetylglucosaminidase activities, and levels and mRNA expression of colonic tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, interferon-γ, and keratinocyte-derived chemokine. BCP treatment also inhibited the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, nuclear factor κB, IκB-kinase α/β, cAMP response element binding and the expression of caspase-3 and Ki-67. Moreover, BCP enhanced IL-4 levels and forkhead box P3 mRNA expression in the mouse colon and reduced cytokine levels (tumor necrosis factor-α, keratinocyte-derived chemokine, and macrophage-inflammatory protein-2) in a culture of macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. The use of the CB2 antagonist AM630 or the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 significantly reversed the protective effect of BCP. Confirming our results, AM630 reversed the beneficial effect of BCP on pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in IEC-6 cells. These results demonstrate that the anti-inflammatory effect of BCP involves CB2 and the PPARγ pathway and suggest BCP as a possible therapy for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allisson Freire Bento
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Mallat Z, Lambeau G, Tedgui A. Lipoprotein-associated and secreted phospholipases A₂ in cardiovascular disease: roles as biological effectors and biomarkers. Circulation 2010; 122:2183-200. [PMID: 21098459 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.936393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Mallat
- INSERM, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, Université Paris Descartes, UMR, Paris, France
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Lapointe S, Brkovic A, Cloutier I, Tanguay JF, Arm JP, Sirois MG. Group V secreted phospholipase A2 contributes to LPS-induced leukocyte recruitment. J Cell Physiol 2010; 224:127-34. [PMID: 20232296 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Secreted phospholipases A(2) (sPLA(2)s) are well known for their contribution in the biosynthesis of inflammatory eicosanoids. These enzymes also participate in the inflammatory process by regulating chemokine production and protein expression of adhesion molecules. The majority of sPLA(2) isoforms are up-regulated by proinflammatory stimuli such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which predominantly increases the expression of group V sPLA(2) (sPLA(2)-V). Furthermore, it has recently been shown that sPLA(2)-V is a critical messenger in the regulation of cell migration during allergic airway responsiveness. Herein, we investigated the effect of sPLA(2)-V on LPS-mediated leukocyte recruitment and its capacity to modulate adhesion molecule expression. We conducted our study in the murine air pouch model, using sPLA(2)-V null mice (sPLA(2)-V(-/-)) and control wild-type (WT) littermates. We observed that LPS (1 microg/ml)-mediated leukocyte emigration in sPLA(2)-V(-/-) was attenuated by 52% and 86% upon 6 and 12 h of treatment respectively, as compared to WT mice. In WT mice, treatment with the cell-permeable sPLA(2) inhibitor (12-epi-scalaradial; SLD) reduced LPS-mediated leukocyte recruitment by 67%, but had no additional inhibitory effect in sPLA(2)-V(-/-) mice. Protein analyses from the air pouch skin were carried out upon LPS-challenge, and the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 were both significantly reduced in sPLA(2)-V(-/-) mice as compared to control WT mice. Together, our data demonstrate the role of sPLA(2)-V in LPS-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 protein overexpression and leukocyte recruitment, supporting the contribution of sPLA(2)-V in the development of inflammatory innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Lapointe
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Jimenez F, Quinones MP, Martinez HG, Estrada CA, Clark K, Garavito E, Ibarra J, Melby PC, Ahuja SS. CCR2 plays a critical role in dendritic cell maturation: possible role of CCL2 and NF-kappa B. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:5571-81. [PMID: 20404272 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We postulated that CCR2-driven activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB plays a critical role in dendritic cell (DC) maturation (e.g., migration, costimulation, and IL-12p70 production), necessary for the generation of protective immune responses against the intracellular pathogen Leishmania major. Supporting this notion, we found that CCR2, its ligand CCL2, and NF-kappaB were required for CCL19 production and adequate Langerhans cell (LC) migration both ex vivo and in vivo. Furthermore, a role for CCR2 in upregulating costimulatory molecules was indicated by the reduced expression of CD80, CD86, and CD40 in Ccr2(-/-) bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) compared with wild-type (WT) BMDCs. Four lines of evidence suggested that CCR2 plays a critical role in the induction of protective immunity against L. major by regulating IL-12p70 production and migration of DC populations such as LCs. First, compared with WT, Ccr2(-/-) lymph node cells, splenocytes, BMDCs, and LCs produced lower levels of IL-12p70 following stimulation with LPS/IFN-gamma or L. major. Second, a reduced number of LCs carried L. major from the skin to the draining lymph nodes in Ccr2(-/-) mice compared with WT mice. Third, early treatment with exogenous IL-12 reversed the susceptibility to L. major infection in Ccr2(-/-) mice. Finally, disruption of IL-12p70 in radioresistant cells, such as LCs, but not in BMDCs resulted in the inability to mount a fully protective immune response in bone marrow chimeric mice. Collectively, our data point to an important role for CCR2-driven activation of NF-kappaB in the regulation of DC/LC maturation processes that regulate protective immunity against intracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Jimenez
- Audie L. Murphy Division, Veterans Administration Center for Research on AIDS and HIV-1 Infection, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Granata F, Frattini A, Loffredo S, Staiano RI, Petraroli A, Ribatti D, Oslund R, Gelb MH, Lambeau G, Marone G, Triggiani M. Production of vascular endothelial growth factors from human lung macrophages induced by group IIA and group X secreted phospholipases A2. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:5232-41. [PMID: 20357262 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis mediated by vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are main features of chronic inflammation and tumors. Secreted phospholipases A(2) (sPLA(2)s) are overexpressed in inflammatory lung diseases and cancer and they activate inflammatory cells by enzymatic and receptor-mediated mechanisms. We investigated the effect of sPLA(2)s on the production of VEGFs from human macrophages purified from the lung tissue of patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Primary macrophages express VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D at both mRNA and protein level. Two human sPLA(2)s (group IIA and group X) induced the expression and release of VEGF-A and VEGF-C from macrophages. Enzymatically-inactive sPLA(2)s were as effective as the active enzymes in inducing VEGF production. Me-Indoxam and RO092906A, two compounds that block receptor-mediated effects of sPLA(2)s, inhibited group X-induced release of VEGF-A. Inhibition of the MAPK p38 by SB203580 also reduced sPLA(2)-induced release of VEGF-A. Supernatants of group X-activated macrophages induced an angiogenic response in chorioallantoic membranes that was inhibited by Me-Indoxam. Stimulation of macrophages with group X sPLA(2) in the presence of adenosine analogs induced a synergistic increase of VEGF-A release and inhibited TNF-alpha production through a cooperation between A(2A) and A(3) receptors. These results demonstrate that sPLA(2)s induce production of VEGF-A and VEGF-C in human macrophages by a receptor-mediated mechanism independent from sPLA(2) catalytic activity. Thus, sPLA(2)s may play an important role in inflammatory and/or neoplastic angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francescopaolo Granata
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, Naples
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The role of mast cell-derived secreted phospholipases A2 in respiratory allergy. Biochimie 2010; 92:588-93. [PMID: 20219624 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Secreted phospholipases A(2) (sPLA(2)s) are molecules released in plasma and biological fluids of patients with systemic inflammatory, autoimmune and allergic diseases. These molecules exert proinflammatory effects by either enzymatic-mechanisms or through binding to surface molecules expressed on inflammatory cells. sPLA(2)s are released at low levels in the normal airways and tend to increase during respiratory allergies (e.g., rhinitis and bronchial asthma) as the result of local secretion. Several sPLA(2) isoforms are expressed in the human lung and some of them (e.g., group IIA and group X) are released in the airways of patients with rhinitis or asthma. Mast cells play a major role in the pathogenesis of respiratory allergies and other chronic inflammatory lung diseases. Recent evidence indicates that mast cells purified from human lung express most of the sPLA(2) isoforms so far described. IgE-mediated activation of these cells induce the release of sPLA(2)s suggesting that mast cells are a main source of extracellular sPLA(2)s during allergic reactions. Once released, sPLA(2)s may contribute to the generation of eicosanoids (e.g., PGD(2) and LTC(4)) and to the release of preformed mediators (e.g., histamine) by an autocrine loop involving the interaction of sPLA(2)s with surface molecules such as heparan sulphate proteoglycans or the M-type receptor. Thus, mast cell-derived sPLA(2)s may play an important role in the initiation and amplification of the inflammatory reactions in patients with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma.
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Ibeas E, Fuentes L, Martín R, Hernández M, Nieto ML. Inflammatory protein sPLA2-IIA abrogates TNFα-induced apoptosis in human astroglioma cells: Crucial role of ERK. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2009; 1793:1837-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Revised: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Deshmane SL, Kremlev S, Amini S, Sawaya BE. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1): an overview. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2009. [PMID: 19441883 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2008.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines constitute a family of chemoattractant cytokines and are subdivided into four families on the basis of the number and spacing of the conserved cysteine residues in the N-terminus of the protein. Chemokines play a major role in selectively recruiting monocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, as well as in inducing chemotaxis through the activation of G-protein-coupled receptors. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) is one of the key chemokines that regulate migration and infiltration of monocytes/macrophages. Both CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 have been demonstrated to be induced and involved in various diseases. Migration of monocytes from the blood stream across the vascular endothelium is required for routine immunological surveillance of tissues, as well as in response to inflammation. This review will discuss these biological processes and the structure and function of CCL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish L Deshmane
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Deshmane SL, Kremlev S, Amini S, Sawaya BE. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1): an overview. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2009; 29:313-26. [PMID: 19441883 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2008.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2684] [Impact Index Per Article: 178.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines constitute a family of chemoattractant cytokines and are subdivided into four families on the basis of the number and spacing of the conserved cysteine residues in the N-terminus of the protein. Chemokines play a major role in selectively recruiting monocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, as well as in inducing chemotaxis through the activation of G-protein-coupled receptors. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) is one of the key chemokines that regulate migration and infiltration of monocytes/macrophages. Both CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 have been demonstrated to be induced and involved in various diseases. Migration of monocytes from the blood stream across the vascular endothelium is required for routine immunological surveillance of tissues, as well as in response to inflammation. This review will discuss these biological processes and the structure and function of CCL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish L Deshmane
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Martín R, Hernández M, Ibeas E, Fuentes L, Salicio V, Arnés M, Nieto ML. Secreted phospholipase A2-IIA modulates key regulators of proliferation on astrocytoma cells. J Neurochem 2009; 111:988-99. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06377.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Yang CS, Yuk JM, Shin DM, Kang J, Lee SJ, Jo EK. Secretory phospholipase A2 plays an essential role in microglial inflammatory responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Glia 2009; 57:1091-103. [PMID: 19115385 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies, we have shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated inflammatory signaling is essential for microglial proinflammatory responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). To further investigate the molecular mechanisms governing these processes, we sought to describe the role of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) in Mtb-induced ROS generation and inflammatory mediator release by microglia. Inhibition of secretory PLA(2) (sPLA(2)), but not cytosolic PLA(2) (cPLA(2)), profoundly abrogated Mtb-mediated ROS release, the generation of various inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9), and the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and MAPKs (ERK1/2, p38, and JNK/SAPK) by murine microglial BV-2 cells or primary mixed glial cells. Interruption of the Ras/Raf-1/MEK1/ERK1/2 pathway abolished Mtb-induced sPLA(2) activity, whereas the blockage of JNK/SAPK or p38 activity had no effect. Specific inhibition of sPLA(2), but not cPLA(2), suppressed the upregulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation by Mtb stimulation, suggesting the existence of a mutual dependency between the ERK1/2 and sPLA(2) pathways. Moreover, examination of the protein kinase C (PKC) family revealed that classical PKCs are involved in Mtb-induced sPLA(2) activation by microglia. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time that sPLA(2), either through pathways comprising Ras/Raf-1/MEK1/ERK1/2 or the classical PKC family, plays an essential role in Mtb-mediated ROS generation and inflammatory mediator release by microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Su Yang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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Kroczynska B, Kaur S, Platanias LC. Growth suppressive cytokines and the AKT/mTOR pathway. Cytokine 2009; 48:138-43. [PMID: 19682919 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mTOR signaling pathway plays a very important role in the transmission of signals for initiation of mRNA translation and protein expression in mammalian cells. mTOR activates various downstream effectors to promote initiation of cap-dependent mRNA translation and mediate pro-mitogenic and pro-survival signals. Recent evidence has implicated effectors of this signaling cascade in mRNA translation for interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). In addition, it was recently shown that AKT/mTOR-mediated signals play important roles in the generation of IFN-dependent antiviral and growth inhibitory responses, suggesting that mTOR and its effectors can mediate diverse biological responses, depending on the cellular context and the triggering stimuli. In this review, the regulatory effects of various growth suppressive cytokines on the mTOR pathway are summarized and the emerging new functions of mTOR are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kroczynska
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Medical School, 303 East Superior Street, Lurie 3-107, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Granata F, Nardicchi V, Loffredo S, Frattini A, Ilaria Staiano R, Agostini C, Triggiani M. Secreted phospholipases A(2): A proinflammatory connection between macrophages and mast cells in the human lung. Immunobiology 2009; 214:811-21. [PMID: 19628294 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Secretory phospholipases A(2) (sPLA(2)) are an emerging class of mediators of inflammation. These enzymes accumulate in plasma and other biological fluids of patients with inflammatory, autoimmune and allergic diseases. sPLA(2)s are secreted at low levels in the normal airways and tend to increase during inflammatory lung diseases (e.g. bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung fibrosis, and sarcoidosis) as the result of plasma extravasation and/or local production. Such immune resident cells as macrophages and mast cells can be a source of sPLA(2)s in the lung. However, these cells are also targets for sPLA(2)s that sustain the activation programs of macrophages and mast cells with mechanism related to their enzymatic activity as well as to their capacity to interact with surface molecules (e.g., heparan sulfate proteoglycans, M-type receptor, mannose receptor). Recent evidence suggests that mast cells are a better source of extracellular sPLA(2)s than macrophages. On the other hand, macrophages appear to be a preferential target for sPLA(2)s. Anatomical association between macrophages and mast cells in the airways suggest that sPLA(2)s released by mast cells may activate in a paracrine fashion several macrophage functions relevant to the modulation of lung inflammation. Thus, sPLA(2)s may play a major role in inflammatory lung diseases by acting as a proinflammatory connection between macrophages and mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francescopaolo Granata
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Staiano RI, Granata F, Secondo A, Petraroli A, Loffredo S, Frattini A, Annunziato L, Marone G, Triggiani M. Expression and function of Na+/Ca2+ exchangers 1 and 3 in human macrophages and monocytes. Eur J Immunol 2009; 39:1405-18. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.200838792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Luchetti F, Betti M, Canonico B, Arcangeletti M, Ferri P, Galli F, Papa S. ERK MAPK activation mediates the antiapoptotic signaling of melatonin in UVB-stressed U937 cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:339-51. [PMID: 18930812 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Revised: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The pineal gland hormone melatonin has been recently described to downregulate the intrinsic (or damage-induced) pathway of apoptosis in human leukocytes. These properties appear to depend on a specific mitochondrial signaling of melatonin which is associated with a lower generation of reactive oxygen species and a better control of redox-sensitive components such as the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Other elements upstream in this signaling are expected to contribute regulatory roles that remain unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which controls the balance between survival and death-promoting genes throughout the MAPK pathway, is involved in the antiapoptotic signaling of melatonin. Human monocytic U937 cells irradiated with UVB light were used as a model of stress-induced apoptosis. In this model we found that pharmacological concentrations of melatonin (1 mM) were able to decrease superoxide anion production, mitochondrial damage, and caspase-dependent apoptosis by improved Bcl-2 levels and decreased Cyt c release in the cytoplasm. Moreover, melatonin increased the phosphorylative activation of ERK 1/2 independently from the presence of UVB stress, and decreased the UVB-mediated activation of the stress kinases p38 MAPK and JNK. The ERK 1/2 inhibitor PD98059, but not the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580, abolished to different extents the effects that melatonin had on the UVB-induced ROS generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. Using these inhibitors, a cross-talk effect between stress and survival-promoting kinases was tentatively identified, and confirmed the hierarchical role of ERK MAPK phosphorylation in the signaling of melatonin. In conclusion, melatonin sustains the activation of the survival-promoting pathway ERK MAPK which is required to antagonize UVB-induced apoptosis of U937 cells. This kinase mediates also the antioxidant and mitochondrial protection effects of this hormonal substance that may find therapeutic applications in inflammatory and immune diseases associated with leukocyte oxidative stress and accelerated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Luchetti
- Institute of Morphological Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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Kirchhoff D, Bischoff SC, Maurer M, Zollner TM. Mast cells in health and disease: from basic science to clinical application 4-5 July 2008, Stuttgart, Germany. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2008; 12:1591-4. [PMID: 19007326 DOI: 10.1517/14728220802546512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In July 2008, the fifth and last meeting of the Mast Cells and Chronic Inflammatory Diseases (MCCID) network was hosted by Axel Lorentz and Stephan Bischoff at the University of Hohenheim, in the Aula of the Chateau Hohenheim, Stuttgart. The MCCID initiative is a Marie Curie early stage research training (EST)-sponsored multi-partner project that fosters collaboration between fundamental research, clinics and industry. At the same time, this meeting was the founding meeting of the new European Mast Cell Research Network (EMCRN) initiated by SC Bischoff, U Blank, F Levi-Schaffer, M Mauer and G Nielsson (steering committee), in co-operation with P Valent from the European Competence Network on Mastocytosis (ECNM). A mixture of scientists from pharma, biotech and academic institutions attended the meeting, presenting recent data from the field with a special focus on novel therapeutic strategies and possible interactions between industry and research. The aim of this report is to briefly describe some of the most intriguing of these new findings and to discuss how they can be relevant for making use of mast cells as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Kirchhoff
- Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Target Discovery, Muellerstr 178, 13342 Berlin, Germany.
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