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Khan KN, Guo SW, Ogawa K, Fujishita A, Mori T. The role of innate and adaptive immunity in endometriosis. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 163:104242. [PMID: 38503076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The innate and adaptive immune systems are the two key branches that determine host protection at all mucosal surfaces in human body, including the female reproductive tract. The pattern recognition receptors within the host that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns are expressed on the cells of the innate immune system. Rapidly reactive, theinnate immune system, responds immediately to the presence of infectious or other non-self agents, thereby launching an inflammatory response to protect the host until the activation of slower adaptive immune system. Macrophages, dendritic cells, and toll-like receptors are integral components of the innate immune system. In contrast, T-helper (Th1/Th2/Th17) cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells are the primary components of adaptive immune system. Studies showed that the growth and progression of endometriosis continue even in unilateral ovariectomized animal suggesting that besides ovarian steroid hormones, the growth of endometriosis could be regulated by innate/adaptive immune systems in pelvic environment. Recent reports demonstrated a potential role of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cells either individually or collectively in the initiation, maintenance, and progression of endometriosis. Herewe review the fundamental knowledge of innate and adaptive immunity and elaborate the role of innate and adaptive immunity in endometriosis based on both human and experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaleque N Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Sun-Wei Guo
- Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Kanae Ogawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Akira Fujishita
- Department of Gynecology, Saiseikai Nagasaki Hospital, Nagasaki 850-0003, Japan
| | - Taisuke Mori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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2
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Du R, Chen S, Han C, He Z, Pei H, Yang Y. M1 intestinal macrophages-derived exosomes promote colitis progression and mucosal barrier injury. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:5703-5710. [PMID: 38535999 PMCID: PMC11006457 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
AIM This work aimed to investigate the role of M1 intestinal macrophages-derived exosomes (M1-Exo) in colitis and its mechanism. METHODS M1 polarization of intestinal macrophages was induced in vitro, and their exosomes were extracted and identified. Thereafter, the DSS-induced colitis mouse model was built. Each mouse was given intraperitoneal injection of exosomes, and then mouse weight and DAI were dynamically monitored. In addition, the levels of cytokines were detected by ELISA. After treatment with the TLR4 inhibitor Resatorvid, the effects of M1 macrophages-derived exosomes were observed. Besides, the mouse intestinal epithelial cells were cultured in vitro for observing function of M1-Exo. RESULTS M1-exo aggravated the colitis and tissue inflammation in mice, activated the TLR4 signal, and destroyed the mucosal barrier. But M0 macrophages-derived exosomes (M0-Exo) did not have the above effects. Resatorvid treatment antagonized the roles of M1-exo. Moreover, as confirmed by cellular experiments in vitro, M1-exo destroyed mucosal barrier. CONCLUSION M1-exo serve as the pro-inflammatory mediator, which can promote mouse colitis progression by activating TLR4 signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Du
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Sihan Chen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chenyang Han
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Zhongmei He
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hongyan Pei
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shenyang Medical College Affiliated Second Hospital, Shenyang 314005, China
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3
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Dai Q, Shi R, Zhang G, Wang Y, Ye L, Peng L, Guo S, He J, Yang H, Jiang Y. miR-539-5p targets BMP2 to regulate Treg activation in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia through TGF-β/Smads/MAPK. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2024; 249:10111. [PMID: 38510491 PMCID: PMC10954254 DOI: 10.3389/ebm.2024.10111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (mRNAs) were believed to play an important role in cancers, and this study aimed to explore the mechanism of miRNA regulating Treg in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Firstly, the differentially expressed miRNAs and target genes significantly associated with Tregs were screened out by high-throughput sequencing, and their enrichment pathways were analyzed. The binding relationship between miRNA and target genes was further verified, and the effects of miRNA on the proliferation and apoptosis of B-ALL Nalm-6 cells and Treg activation were analyzed. Results showed that differentially expressed miR-539-5p was significantly under-expressed, and its target gene BMP2 was significantly over-expressed in B-ALL, and significantly enriched in the TGF-β1 pathway. In addition, both miR-539-5p and BMP2 were significantly correlated with Treg activity in B-ALL. In vitro experiments further confirmed that miR-539-5p could directly target BMP2. The low expression of miR-539-5p in B-ALL significantly promoted BMP2 expression to promote the proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of Nalm-6 cells. Furthermore, the high expression of BMP2 in B-ALL could cooperate with TGF-β1 to promote the activation of human CD4+CD25-T cells to Treg, and significantly activate the TGF-β/Smads/MAPK pathway. In vivo experiments also confirmed that overexpression of miR-539-5p significantly inhibited BMP2 to suppress Treg activation and Smad1 and Smad2 phosphorylation, and finally inhibit the B-ALL process. In conclusion, miR-539-5p was significantly under-expressed in B-ALL and could target BMP2 to promote its expression, and the overexpressed BMP2 further promoted Treg activation in B-ALL by regulating TGF-β/Smads/MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkai Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecological and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecological and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecological and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuefang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecological and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecological and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Luyun Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecological and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Siqi Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecological and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiajing He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecological and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecological and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongmei Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecological and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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4
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Lozano-Ros A, Martínez-Ginés ML, García-Domínguez JM, Salvador-Martín S, Goicochea-Briceño H, Cuello JP, Meldaña-Rivera A, Higueras-Hernández Y, Sanjurjo-Sáez M, Álvarez-Sala-Walther LA, López-Fernández LA. Changes in the Expression of TGF-Beta Regulatory Pathway Genes Induced by Vitamin D in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14447. [PMID: 37833895 PMCID: PMC10572771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is an environmental factor related to multiple sclerosis that plays a significant role in immune regulation. TGF-β is a superfamily of cytokines with an important dual effect on the immune system. TGF-β inhibits the Th1 response while facilitating the preservation of regulatory T cells (FOXP3+) in an immunoregulatory capacity. However, when IL-6 is present, it stimulates the Th17 response. Our aim was to analyze the regulatory effect of vitamin D on the in vivo TGF-β signaling pathway in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). A total of 21 patients with vitamin D levels < 30 ng/mL were recruited and supplemented with oral vitamin D. All patients were receiving disease-modifying therapy, with the majority being on natalizumab. Expression of SMAD7, ERK1, ZMIZ1, BMP2, BMPRII, BMP4, and BMP5 was measured in CD4+ lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood at baseline and one and six months after supplementation. SMAD7 was overexpressed at six months with respect to baseline and month one. ERK1 was overexpressed at six months with respect to month one of treatment. No significant differences in expression were observed for the remaining genes. No direct correlation was found with serum vitamin D levels. BMPRII expression changed differentially in non-natalizumab- versus natalizumab-treated patients. Changes were observed in the expression of ERK1, BMP2, and BMP5 based on disease activity measured using the Rio-Score, BMP2 in patients who had relapses, and BMP5 in those whose EDSS worsened. Our results suggest indirect regulation of vitamin D in TGF-β pathway genes in patients with RRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Lozano-Ros
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.M.-G.); (J.M.G.-D.); (H.G.-B.); (J.P.C.); (A.M.-R.); (Y.H.-H.)
| | - María L. Martínez-Ginés
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.M.-G.); (J.M.G.-D.); (H.G.-B.); (J.P.C.); (A.M.-R.); (Y.H.-H.)
| | - José M. García-Domínguez
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.M.-G.); (J.M.G.-D.); (H.G.-B.); (J.P.C.); (A.M.-R.); (Y.H.-H.)
| | - Sara Salvador-Martín
- Servicio de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (S.S.-M.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Haydee Goicochea-Briceño
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.M.-G.); (J.M.G.-D.); (H.G.-B.); (J.P.C.); (A.M.-R.); (Y.H.-H.)
| | - Juan P. Cuello
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.M.-G.); (J.M.G.-D.); (H.G.-B.); (J.P.C.); (A.M.-R.); (Y.H.-H.)
| | - Ariana Meldaña-Rivera
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.M.-G.); (J.M.G.-D.); (H.G.-B.); (J.P.C.); (A.M.-R.); (Y.H.-H.)
| | - Yolanda Higueras-Hernández
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.M.-G.); (J.M.G.-D.); (H.G.-B.); (J.P.C.); (A.M.-R.); (Y.H.-H.)
| | - María Sanjurjo-Sáez
- Servicio de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (S.S.-M.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Luis A. Álvarez-Sala-Walther
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luis A. López-Fernández
- Servicio de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (S.S.-M.); (M.S.-S.)
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5
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Moon JS, Ho CC, Park JH, Park K, Shin BY, Lee SH, Sequeira I, Mun CH, Shin JS, Kim JH, Kim BS, Noh JW, Lee ES, Son JY, Kim Y, Lee Y, Cho H, So S, Park J, Choi E, Oh JW, Lee SW, Morio T, Watt FM, Seong RH, Lee SK. Lrig1-expression confers suppressive function to CD4 + cells and is essential for averting autoimmunity via the Smad2/3/Foxp3 axis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5382. [PMID: 37666819 PMCID: PMC10477202 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40986-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are CD4+ T cells with immune-suppressive function, which is defined by Foxp3 expression. However, the molecular determinants defining the suppressive population of T cells have yet to be discovered. Here we report that the cell surface protein Lrig1 is enriched in suppressive T cells and controls their suppressive behaviors. Within CD4+ T cells, Treg cells express the highest levels of Lrig1, and the expression level is further increasing with activation. The Lrig1+ subpopulation from T helper (Th) 17 cells showed higher suppressive activity than the Lrig1- subpopulation. Lrig1-deficiency impairs the suppressive function of Treg cells, while Lrig1-deficient naïve T cells normally differentiate into other T cell subsets. Adoptive transfer of CD4+Lrig1+ T cells alleviates autoimmune symptoms in colitis and lupus nephritis mouse models. A monoclonal anti-Lrig1 antibody significantly improves the symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In conclusion, Lrig1 is an important regulator of suppressive T cell function and an exploitable target for treating autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Seung Moon
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chun-Chang Ho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Good T cells, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Park
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Young Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Good T cells, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ines Sequeira
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Chin Hee Mun
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Su Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Good T cells, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Kim
- Good T cells, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Yuna Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Lee
- Good T cells, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SunHyeon So
- Good T cells, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoon Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsu Choi
- Good T cells, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Won Oh
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rho Hyun Seong
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyou Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Good T cells, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Ruan S, Xu L, Sheng Y, Wang J, Zhou X, Zhang C, Guo L, Li W, Han C. Th1 promotes M1 polarization of intestinal macrophages to regulate colitis-related mucosal barrier damage. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:6721-6735. [PMID: 37494667 PMCID: PMC10415578 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate the role of helper T cell 1 (Th1) in chronic colitis and its immunoregulatory mechanism. The proportions of Th1 and Th2, and the levels of related cytokines in tissues from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; ulcerative colitis+Crohn's disease, UC+CD) were detected. DSS was used to induce the mouse model of IBD; thereafter, Th1 cells were induced in vitro and amplified before they were injected intraperitoneally. Later, the changes in life state and body weight of mice were observed, the proportion of M1 macrophages in mucosal tissues and mucosal barrier damage were detected. After treatment with macrophage scavenging agent (Clodronate Liposomes, CLL), the influence of Th1 on IBD mice was observed. Then, the intestinal macrophages were co-cultured with Th1 in vitro to observe the influence of Th1 on the polarization of intestinal macrophages. Besides, cells were treated with the STAT3 inhibitor to further detect the macrophage polarization level. Intestinal macrophages were later co-cultured with intestinal epithelial cells to observe the degree of epithelial cell injury. The Th1 proportions in intestinal tissues of UC and CD patients were higher than those in healthy subjects, but the difference in Th2 proportion was not significant. In the IBD mouse model, Th1 induced the M1 polarization of macrophages, aggravated the intestinal inflammatory response, and resulted in the increased mucosal barrier permeability. Pretreatment with CLL antagonized the effect of Th1 cells, reduced the intestinal tissue inflammatory response and mucosal barrier permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiliang Ruan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongjia Sheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caiqun Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Guo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenyang Han
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
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7
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Gomez-Bris R, Saez A, Herrero-Fernandez B, Rius C, Sanchez-Martinez H, Gonzalez-Granado JM. CD4 T-Cell Subsets and the Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032696. [PMID: 36769019 PMCID: PMC9916759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an umbrella term for the chronic immune-mediated idiopathic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, manifesting as Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). IBD is characterized by exacerbated innate and adaptive immunity in the gut in association with microbiota dysbiosis and the disruption of the intestinal barrier, resulting in increased bacterial exposure. In response to signals from microorganisms and damaged tissue, innate immune cells produce inflammatory cytokines and factors that stimulate T and B cells of the adaptive immune system, and a prominent characteristic of IBD patients is the accumulation of inflammatory T-cells and their proinflammatory-associated cytokines in intestinal tissue. Upon antigen recognition and activation, CD4 T-cells differentiate towards a range of distinct phenotypes: T helper(h)1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, T follicular helper (Tfh), and several types of T-regulatory cells (Treg). T-cells are generated according to and adapt to microenvironmental conditions and participate in a complex network of interactions among other immune cells that modulate the further progression of IBD. This review examines the role of the CD4 T-cells most relevant to IBD, highlighting how these cells adapt to the environment and interact with other cell populations to promote or inhibit the development of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Gomez-Bris
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Saez
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Beatriz Herrero-Fernandez
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Rius
- Department of History of Science and Information Science, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- UISYS Research Unit, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hector Sanchez-Martinez
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M. Gonzalez-Granado
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913908766
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8
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Montauti E, Weinberg SE, Chu P, Chaudhuri S, Mani NL, Iyer R, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Liu C, Xin C, Gregory S, Wei J, Zhang Y, Chen W, Sun Z, Yan M, Fang D. A deubiquitination module essential for T reg fitness in the tumor microenvironment. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo4116. [PMID: 36427305 PMCID: PMC9699683 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo4116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) enhances regulatory T (Treg) cell stability and immunosuppressive functions through up-regulation of lineage transcription factor Foxp3, a phenomenon known as Treg fitness or adaptation. Here, we characterize previously unknown TME-specific cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying Treg fitness. We demonstrate that TME-specific stressors including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), hypoxia, and nutrient deprivation selectively induce two Foxp3-specific deubiquitinases, ubiquitin-specific peptidase 22 (Usp22) and Usp21, by regulating TGF-β, HIF, and mTOR signaling, respectively, to maintain Treg fitness. Simultaneous deletion of both USPs in Treg cells largely diminishes TME-induced Foxp3 up-regulation, alters Treg metabolic signatures, impairs Treg-suppressive function, and alleviates Treg suppression on cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, we developed the first Usp22-specific small-molecule inhibitor, which dramatically reduced intratumoral Treg Foxp3 expression and consequently enhanced antitumor immunity. Our findings unveil previously unappreciated mechanisms underlying Treg fitness and identify Usp22 as an antitumor therapeutic target that inhibits Treg adaptability in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Montauti
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Samuel E. Weinberg
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Peng Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Shuvam Chaudhuri
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nikita L. Mani
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Radhika Iyer
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yuanzhang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yusi Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Changhong Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Chen Xin
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Shana Gregory
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Juncheng Wei
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yana Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Wantao Chen
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaolin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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9
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Ruan S, Zha L. Moronic acid improves intestinal inflammation in mice with chronic colitis by inhibiting intestinal macrophage polarization. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23188. [PMID: 35924425 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on exploring the role and mechanism of moronic acid (MOA), a small triterpenoid molecule, against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Intestinal macrophages were cultured in vitro, and their M1 polarization was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ). After intervention with MOA, the proportion of M1 macrophages was detected, and the levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) were examined by ELISA. IFA staining was performed to determine the P50 and CD86 expressions, while DCFH-DA was used to determine the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, as well as the p-P50 and NLRP3 protein levels. Additionally, we also used N-acetylcysteine, a ROS inhibitor, to further explore the association between MOA and ROS-NF-κB signaling. In murine experimentation, colitis was induced in mice with DSS. After MOA intervention, we assessed the mucosal barrier damage, tissue ROS, as well as protein and inflammatory cytokine levels. MOA could inhibit the M1 polarization of intestinal macrophages, suppress the expressions of inflammatory cytokines, and reduce the level of ROS-NF-κB-NLRP3 signaling. After inhibiting ROS through NAC treatment, the effect of MOA was evidently weakened. Clearly, MOA exerted its activity via ROS. In the murine model, MOA could lower the CD86 level in the intestinal tissues, inhibit the M1 polarization of macrophages, and reduce the tissue levels of inflammatory cytokines. This study finds that MOA can regulate ROS-NF-κB-NLRP3 signaling by inhibiting ROS, thereby suppressing the M1 polarization of intestinal macrophages, which plays a protective role in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiliang Ruan
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Li Zha
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
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10
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Thirunavukarasu AJ, Ross AC, Gilbert RM. Vitamin A, systemic T-cells, and the eye: Focus on degenerative retinal disease. Front Nutr 2022; 9:914457. [PMID: 35923205 PMCID: PMC9339908 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.914457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The first discovered vitamin, vitamin A, exists in a range of forms, primarily retinoids and provitamin carotenoids. The bioactive forms of vitamin A, retinol and retinoic acid, have many critical functions in body systems including the eye and immune system. Vitamin A deficiency is associated with dysfunctional immunity, and presents clinically as a characteristic ocular syndrome, xerophthalmia. The immune functions of vitamin A extend to the gut, where microbiome interactions and nutritional retinoids and carotenoids contribute to the balance of T cell differentiation, thereby determining immune status and contributing to inflammatory disease around the whole body. In the eye, degenerative conditions affecting the retina and uvea are influenced by vitamin A. Stargardt’s disease (STGD1; MIM 248200) is characterised by bisretinoid deposits such as lipofuscin, produced by retinal photoreceptors as they use and recycle a vitamin A-derived chromophore. Age-related macular degeneration features comparable retinal deposits, such as drusen featuring lipofuscin accumulation; and is characterised by parainflammatory processes. We hypothesise that local parainflammatory processes secondary to lipofuscin deposition in the retina are mediated by T cells interacting with dietary vitamin A derivatives and the gut microbiome, and outline the current evidence for this. No cures exist for Stargardt’s or age-related macular degeneration, but many vitamin A-based therapeutic approaches have been or are being trialled. The relationship between vitamin A’s functions in systemic immunology and the eye could be further exploited, and further research may seek to leverage the interactions of the gut-eye immunological axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun J. Thirunavukarasu
- Corpus Christi College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A. Catharine Ross
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Rose M. Gilbert
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Rose M. Gilbert,
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11
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Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family includes cytokines controlling cell behavior, differentiation and homeostasis of various tissues including components of the immune system. Despite well recognized importance of TGF-β in controlling T cell functions, the immunomodulatory roles of many other members of the TGF-β cytokine family, especially bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), start to emerge. Bone Morphogenic Protein Receptor 1α (BMPR1α) is upregulated by activated effector and Foxp3+ regulatory CD4+ T cells (Treg cells) and modulates functions of both of these cell types. BMPR1α inhibits generation of proinflammatory Th17 cells and sustains peripheral Treg cells. This finding underscores the importance of the BMPs in controlling Treg cell plasticity and transition between Treg and Th cells. BMPR1α deficiency in in vitro induced and peripheral Treg cells led to upregulation of Kdm6b (Jmjd3) demethylase, an antagonist of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), and cell cycle inhibitor Cdkn1a (p21Cip1) promoting cell senescence. This indicates that BMPs and BMPR1α may represent regulatory modules shaping epigenetic landscape and controlling proinflammatory reprogramming of Th and Treg cells. Revealing functions of other BMP receptors and their crosstalk with receptors for TGF-β will contribute to our understanding of peripheral immunoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
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12
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Han C, Sheng Y, Wang J, Zhou X, Li W, Zhang C, Guo L, Yang Y. NOX4 promotes mucosal barrier injury in inflammatory bowel disease by mediating macrophages M1 polarization through ROS. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 104:108361. [PMID: 34949550 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) plays an important role in transporting electrons in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which is also one major source of ROS. This study investigates the mechanism by which NOX4 promotes the M1 polarization of intestinal macrophages in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through ROS. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was used to induce the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in wild-type (C57BL/6N, WT) and NOX4 knockout (C57BL/6N-NOX4em1cyagen, KO) mice. Body weights of mice were dynamically monitored and the disease active index (DAI) scores were assessed. H&E staining was performed to examine pathological changes, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was conducted to measure the expressions of TJ proteins (ZO-1, Occludin) and CD11c. Tissue ROS labeling was accomplished with ROS probe. More ucosal permeability was assessed by FITC-D. Tissue inflammatory cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while the expressions of TJ proteins (ZO-1, Occludin) were measured through Western Blotting. After NOX4 inhibitor pretreatment of intestinal macrophages in vitro, polarization was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IFN-γ, followed by determination of polarization degree. The polarized intestinal macrophages were co-cultured with Caco-2 cells, and their effect on the monolayer cell permeability was evaluated. DSS can induce the intestinal inflammation and mucosal barrier injury in mice. Besides, it can enhance the FITC-D permeability, reduce the TJ protein levels, and promote the CD11c and ROS expressions. In KO mice, intestinal inflammation was alleviated and barrier permeability was reduced. Moreover, the TJ protein levels were higher than those of WT mice, while the CD11c and ROS were down-regulated. In WT mice, the intestinal inflammation and barrier permeability could also be reduced after treatment with NOX4 inhibitor. Overexpression of NOX4 in intestinal macrophages could promote the macrophage M1 polarization while improving the barrier integrity of Caco-2 monolayer cells. NOX4 is capable of promoting M1 polarization of intestinal macrophages through ROS, thereby further aggravating the intestinal inflammation and mucosal barrier injury in IBD. NOX4 has potential as a novel therapeutic target for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Han
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 314001, China.
| | - Yongjia Sheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 314001, China.
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 314001, China.
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 314001, China.
| | - Wenyan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 314001, China.
| | - Caiqun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 314001, China.
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Center Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 314001, China.
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13
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Sconocchia T, Sconocchia G. Regulation of the Immune System in Health and Disease by Members of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Family. Front Immunol 2021; 12:802346. [PMID: 34925388 PMCID: PMC8674571 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.802346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are potent signaling molecules initially described as osteopromoting proteins. BMPs represent one of the members of the larger TGFβ family and today are recognized for their important role in numerous processes. Among the wide array of functions recently attributed to them, BMPs were also described to be involved in the regulation of components of the innate and adaptive immune response. This review focuses on the signaling pathway of BMPs and highlights the effects of BMP signaling on the differentiation, activation, and function of the main cell types of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Sconocchia
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
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14
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Zhao H, Wang X, Zhang W, Wang L, Zhu C, Huang Y, Chen R, Chen X, Wang M, Pan G, Shi Q, Zhou X. Bioclickable Mussel-Derived Peptides With Immunoregulation for Osseointegration of PEEK. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:780609. [PMID: 34900969 PMCID: PMC8652040 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.780609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyether ether ketone (PEEK)–based biomaterials have been widely used in the field of spine and joint surgery. However, lack of biological activity limits their further clinical application. In this study, we synthesized a bioclickable mussel-derived peptide Azide-DOPA4 as a PEEK surface coating modifier and further combined bone morphogenetic protein 2 functional peptides (BMP2p) with a dibenzylcyclooctyne (DBCO) motif through bio-orthogonal reactions to obtain DOPA4@BMP2p-PEEK. As expected, more BMP2p can be conjugated on PEEK after Azide-DOPA4 coating. The surface roughness and hydrophilicity of DOPA4@BMP2p-PEEK were obviously increased. Then, we optimized the osteogenic capacity of PEEK substrates. In vitro, compared with the BMP2p-coating PEEK material, DOPA4@BMP2p-PEEK showed significantly higher osteogenic induction capability of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. In vivo, we constructed a rat calvarial bone defect model and implanted PEEK materials with a differently modified surface. Micro-computed tomography scanning displayed that the DOPA4@BMP2p-PEEK implant group had significantly higher new bone volume and bone mineral density than the BMP2p-PEEK group. Histological staining of hard tissue further confirmed that the DOPA4@BMP2p-PEEK group revealed a better osseointegrative effect than the BMP2p-PEEK group. More importantly, we also found that DOPA4@BMP2p coating has a synergistic effect with induced Foxp3+ regulatory T (iTreg) cells to promote osteogenesis. In summary, with an easy-to-perform, two-step surface bioengineering approach, the DOPA4@BMP2p-PEEK material reported here displayed excellent biocompatibility and osteogenic functions. It will, moreover, offer insights to engineering surfaces of orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopaedic Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaokang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopaedic Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopaedic Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopaedic Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Can Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopaedic Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yingkang Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopaedic Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qin Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopaedic Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xichao Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopaedic Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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15
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Browning LM, Miller C, Kuczma M, Pietrzak M, Jing Y, Rempala G, Muranski P, Ignatowicz L, Kraj P. Bone Morphogenic Proteins Are Immunoregulatory Cytokines Controlling FOXP3 + T reg Cells. Cell Rep 2021; 33:108219. [PMID: 33027660 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) cytokine family promoting differentiation, homeostasis, and self-renewal of multiple tissues. We show that signaling through the bone morphogenic protein receptor 1α (BMPR1α) sustains expression of FOXP3 in Treg cells in peripheral lymphoid tissues. BMPR1α signaling promotes molecular circuits supporting acquisition and preservation of Treg cell phenotype and inhibiting differentiation of pro-inflammatory effector Th1/Th17 CD4+ T cell. Mechanistically, increased expression of KDM6B (JMJD3) histone demethylase, an antagonist of the polycomb repressive complex 2, underlies lineage-specific changes of T cell phenotypes associated with abrogation of BMPR1α signaling. These results reveal that BMPs are immunoregulatory cytokines mediating maturation and stability of peripheral FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and controlling generation of iTreg cells. Thus, we establish that BMPs, a large cytokine family, are an essential link between stromal tissues and the adaptive immune system involved in sustaining tissue homeostasis by promoting immunological tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Browning
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Caroline Miller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Michal Kuczma
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Maciej Pietrzak
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yu Jing
- Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Grzegorz Rempala
- College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Pawel Muranski
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Leszek Ignatowicz
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Piotr Kraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
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16
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Arvind V, Huang AH. Reparative and Maladaptive Inflammation in Tendon Healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:719047. [PMID: 34350166 PMCID: PMC8327090 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.719047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon injuries are common and debilitating, with non-regenerative healing often resulting in chronic disease. While there has been considerable progress in identifying the cellular and molecular regulators of tendon healing, the role of inflammation in tendon healing is less well understood. While inflammation underlies chronic tendinopathy, it also aids debris clearance and signals tissue repair. Here, we highlight recent findings in this area, focusing on the cells and cytokines involved in reparative inflammation. We also discuss findings from other model systems when research in tendon is minimal, and explore recent studies in the treatment of human tendinopathy to glean further insights into the immunobiology of tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Arvind
- Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alice H. Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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17
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Mausner-Fainberg K, Benhamou M, Golan M, Kimelman NB, Danon U, Marom E, Karni A. Specific Blockade of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2/4 Induces Oligodendrogenesis and Remyelination in Demyelinating Disorders. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1798-1814. [PMID: 34159538 PMCID: PMC8608985 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are present in demyelinated lesions of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. However, their differentiation into functional oligodendrocytes is insufficient, and most lesions evolve into nonfunctional astroglial scars. Blockade of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling induces differentiation of OPCs into myelin-producing oligodendrocytes. We studied the effect of specific blockade of BMP-2/4 signaling, by intravenous (IV) treatment with anti-BMP-2/4 neutralizing mAb in both the inflammatory model of relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (R-EAE) and the cuprizone-toxic model of demyelination in mice. Administration of anti-BMP-2/4 to R-EAE-induced mice, on day 9 post-immunization (p.i.), ameliorated R-EAE signs, diminished the expression of phospho-SMAD1/5/8, primarily within the astrocytic lineage, increased the numbers of de novo immature and mature oligodendrocytes, and reduced the numbers of newly generated astrocytes within the spinal cord as early as day 18 p.i. This effect was accompanied with elevated remyelination, manifested by increased density of remyelinating axons (0.8 < g-ratios < 1), and reduced fully demyelinated and demyelinating axons, in the anti-BMP-2/4-treated R-EAE mice, studied by electron microscopy. No significant immunosuppressive effect was observed in the CNS and in the periphery, during the peak of the first attack, or at the end of the experiment. Moreover, IV treatment with anti-BMP-2/4 mAb in the cuprizone-challenged mice augmented the numbers of mature oligodendrocytes and remyelination in the corpus callosum during the recovery phase of the disease. Based on our findings, the specific blockade of BMP-2/4 has a therapeutic potential in demyelinating disorders such as MS, by inducing early oligodendrogenesis-mediated remyelination in the affected tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Mausner-Fainberg
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moshe Benhamou
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler's Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maya Golan
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Uri Danon
- Stem Cell Medicine Ltd, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ehud Marom
- Stem Cell Medicine Ltd, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Arnon Karni
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Sackler's Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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18
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Wang Y, Xie C, Song Y, Xiang W, Peng J, Han L, Ding J, Guan Y. miR-20a suppresses Treg differentiation by targeting Map3k9 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Transl Med 2021; 19:223. [PMID: 34039371 PMCID: PMC8157414 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a model for inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), a group of autoimmune diseases characterized by inflammatory infiltration, demyelination, and axonal damage. miR-20a is dysregulated in patients with CNS inflammatory demyelinating diseases; however, the function of miR-20a remains unclear. In this study, we intended to explore the role of miR-20a in EAE. Methods The expression of miR-20a was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in EAE mice and patients with MOG antibody-associated demyelinating diseases. CD4+ T cells of EAE mice were sorted, stimulated, and polarized with miR-20a knockdown. Activation and differentiation of CD4+ T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of target gene Map3k9 was detected by qRT-PCR and western blot experiments. The binding of miR-20a to the 3’ UTR of Map3k9 was tested by luciferase assays. The feasibility of miR-20a as a therapeutic target to alleviate the severity of EAE was explored by intravenous administration of miR-20a antagomirs to EAE mice. Results miR-20a was upregulated in splenocytes and lymph node cells, CD4+ T cells, and spinal cords of EAE mice. Moreover, miR-20a knockdown did not influence the activation of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells but promoted their differentiation into Treg cells. Map3k9 was predicted to be a target gene of miR-20a. The expressions of Map3k9 and miR-20a were negatively correlated, and miR-20a knockdown increased the expression of Map3k9. In addition, miR-20a binded to the 3’ UTR of Map3k9, and simultaneous knockdown of miR-20a and Map3k9 counteracted the enhanced differentiation of Tregs observed when miR-20a was knocked down alone. Furthermore, injection of miR-20a antagomirs to EAE mice reduced the severity of the disease and increased the proportion of Treg cells in peripheral immune organs. Conclusions miR-20a suppresses the differentiation of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells into Tregs in EAE by decreasing the expression of Map3k9. miR-20a antagomirs alleviate EAE, suggesting a new therapy for EAE and CNS inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-02893-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Chong Xie
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yaying Song
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Weiwei Xiang
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yangtai Guan
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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19
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Yang ZJ, Wang BY, Wang TT, Wang FF, Guo YX, Hua RX, Shang HW, Lu X, Xu JD. Functions of Dendritic Cells and Its Association with Intestinal Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030583. [PMID: 33800865 PMCID: PMC7999753 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), including conventional DCs (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), serve as the sentinel cells of the immune system and are responsible for presenting antigen information. Moreover, the role of DCs derived from monocytes (moDCs) in the development of inflammation has been emphasized. Several studies have shown that the function of DCs can be influenced by gut microbes including gut bacteria and viruses. Abnormal changes/reactions in intestinal DCs are potentially associated with diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and intestinal tumors, allowing DCs to be a new target for the treatment of these diseases. In this review, we summarized the physiological functions of DCs in the intestinal micro-environment, their regulatory relationship with intestinal microorganisms and their regulatory mechanism in intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Jun Yang
- Clinical Medicine of “5 + 3” Program, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (Z.-J.Y.); (F.-F.W.); (R.-X.H.)
| | - Bo-Ya Wang
- Undergraduate Student of 2018 Eight Years Program of Clinical Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China;
| | - Fei-Fei Wang
- Clinical Medicine of “5 + 3” Program, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (Z.-J.Y.); (F.-F.W.); (R.-X.H.)
| | - Yue-Xin Guo
- Oral Medicine of “5 + 3” Program, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China;
| | - Rong-Xuan Hua
- Clinical Medicine of “5 + 3” Program, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (Z.-J.Y.); (F.-F.W.); (R.-X.H.)
| | - Hong-Wei Shang
- Morphological Experiment Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (H.-W.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Xin Lu
- Morphological Experiment Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (H.-W.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Jing-Dong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China;
- Correspondence:
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Modelling of Immune Checkpoint Network Explains Synergistic Effects of Combined Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy and the Impact of Cytokines in Patient Response. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123600. [PMID: 33276543 PMCID: PMC7761568 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The future of cancer immunotherapy relies on a combination of individually targeted therapies. However, a lot of experiments are needed to define the most effective combinations of drugs. A computational and modelling approach could help reduce the number of experiments and suggest optimal treatments to test. This article presents a logical model of T cell activation influenced by immune checkpoints, and explores the effect of these checkpoints, suggests mechanisms that would explain why some treatments might be better suited than others. The model includes not only programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTL4) downstream pathways but also those of other immune checkpoints such as T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif) domain (TIGIT), lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM3), cluster of differentiation 226 (CD226), inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS), and tumour necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs). Abstract After the success of the new generation of immune therapies, immune checkpoint receptors have become one important center of attention of molecular oncologists. The initial success and hopes of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD1) and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (anti-CTLA4) therapies have shown some limitations since a majority of patients have continued to show resistance. Other immune checkpoints have raised some interest and are under investigation, such as T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif) domain (TIGIT), inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS), and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM3), which appear as promising targets for immunotherapy. To explore their role and study possible synergetic effects of these different checkpoints, we have built a model of T cell receptor (TCR) regulation including not only PD1 and CTLA4, but also other well studied checkpoints (TIGIT, TIM3, lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3), cluster of differentiation 226 (CD226), ICOS, and tumour necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs)) and simulated different aspects of T cell biology. Our model shows good correspondence with observations from available experimental studies of anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 therapies and suggest efficient combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Among the possible candidates, TIGIT appears to be the most promising drug target in our model. The model predicts that signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)/STAT4-dependent pathways, activated by cytokines such as interleukin 12 (IL12) and interferon gamma (IFNG), could improve the effect of ICI therapy via upregulation of Tbet, suggesting that the effect of the cytokines related to STAT3/STAT1 activity is dependent on the balance between STAT1 and STAT3 downstream signalling.
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21
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Sconocchia T, Hochgerner M, Schwarzenberger E, Tam-Amersdorfer C, Borek I, Benezeder T, Bauer T, Zyulina V, Painsi C, Passegger C, Wolf P, Sibilia M, Strobl H. Bone morphogenetic protein signaling regulates skin inflammation via modulating dendritic cell function. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 147:1810-1822.e9. [PMID: 33250156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGF-β family that signal via the BMP receptor (BMPR) signaling cascade, distinct from canonical TGF-β signaling. BMP downstream signaling is strongly induced within epidermal keratinocytes in cutaneous psoriatic lesions, and BMP7 instructs monocytic cells to acquire characteristics of psoriasis-associated Langerhans dendritic cells (DCs). Regulatory T (Treg)-cell numbers strongly increase during psoriatic skin inflammation and were recently shown to limit psoriatic skin inflammation. However, the factors mediating Treg-cell accumulation in psoriatic skin currently remain unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the role of BMP signaling in Treg-cell accumulation in psoriasis. METHODS The following methods were used: immunohistology of patients and healthy controls; ex vivo models of Treg-cell generation in the presence or absence of Langerhans cells; analysis of BMP versus canonical TGF-β signaling in DCs and Treg cells; and modeling of psoriatic skin inflammation in mice lacking the BMPR type 1a in CD11c+ cells. RESULTS We here demonstrated a positive correlation between Treg-cell numbers and epidermal BMP7 expression in cutaneous psoriatic lesions and show that unlike Treg cells from healthy skin, a portion of inflammation-associated Treg cells exhibit constitutive-active BMP signaling. We further found that BMPR signaling licenses inflammation-associated Langerhans cell/DC to gain an enhanced capacity to promote Treg cells via BMPR-mediated CD25 induction and that this effect is associated with reduced skin inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Psoriatic lesions are marked by constitutive high BMP7/BMPR signaling in keratinocytes, which instructs inflammatory DCs to gain enhanced Treg-cell-stimulatory activity. Locally secreted BMP7 can directly promote Treg-cell generation through the BMP signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Sconocchia
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mathias Hochgerner
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke Schwarzenberger
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Carmen Tam-Amersdorfer
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Izabela Borek
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Theresa Benezeder
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Bauer
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Zyulina
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Clemens Painsi
- Department of Dermatology, State Hospital Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Christina Passegger
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Wolf
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Strobl
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Solanine Inhibits Immune Escape Mediated by Hepatoma Treg Cells via the TGF β/Smad Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9749631. [PMID: 33204731 PMCID: PMC7655262 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9749631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective To observe the inhibitory effect of solanine on regulatory T cells (Treg) in transplanted hepatoma mice and to study the mechanism of solanine inhibiting tumor growth. Methods The levels of Treg cells and IL-2, IL-10, and TGFβ in the blood of patients with liver cancer were detected by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. A mouse hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) graft model was established and randomly divided into four groups: control group, solanine group, TGFβ inhibitor group (SB-431542), and solanine +TGFβ inhibitor combined group. Tumor volume of each group was recorded, tumor inhibition rate was calculated, and tumor metastasis was counted. The proportion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg in transplanted tumor tissues was detected by flow cytometry. The expression levels of Foxp3 and TGFβ in transplanted tumor tissues were detected by quantitative fluorescence PCR. Results Compared with healthy people, Treg cells and IL-2, IL-10, and TGFβ contents in peripheral blood of liver cancer patients were increased. The results of the transplanted tumor model in mice showed that the tumor volume of the transplanted mice in the solanine group and the TGFβ inhibitor mice was reduced compared with the control group. The combined group had the smallest tumor volume. The proportion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg in the transplanted tumor tissues of mice in the solanine treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group. The expressions of Foxp3 and TGFβ in the transplanted tumor tissues of mice in the solanine group were significantly lower than those in the control group. Conclusion Solanine may enhance the antitumor immune response by downregulating the proportion of CD4+CD25+ Treg and the expression of Foxp3 and TGFβ in tumor tissues.
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23
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Sotiropoulos MG, Chitnis T. Opposing and potentially antagonistic effects of BMP and TGF-β in multiple sclerosis: The "Yin and Yang" of neuro-immune Signaling. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 347:577358. [PMID: 32795734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP) and Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) are cytokines with similar receptors and messengers. They are important for immune cell function, with BMPs exerting mainly proinflammatory but also anti-inflammatory effects, and TGF-β suppressing inflammation. Patients with Multiple Sclerosis exhibit BMP overactivity and suppressed TGF-β signaling. This dysregulated signaling participates in the crosstalk between infiltrating immune cells and glia, where BMP inhibits remyelination. Reciprocal antagonism between the two pathways takes place via a variety of mechanisms. Although this antagonism has not been studied in the setting of Multiple Sclerosis, it could inform further research and treatment discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinos G Sotiropoulos
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Tanuja Chitnis
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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24
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Eixarch H, Calvo-Barreiro L, Costa C, Reverter-Vives G, Castillo M, Gil V, Del Río JA, Montalban X, Espejo C. Inhibition of the BMP Signaling Pathway Ameliorated Established Clinical Symptoms of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:1988-2003. [PMID: 32681355 PMCID: PMC7851289 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00885-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted growth factors that belong to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily. BMPs have been implicated in physiological processes, but they are also involved in many pathological conditions. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS); however, its etiology remains elusive. Some evidence points to BMPs as important players in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. In the present work, we studied the expression of BMP2, BMP4, BMP5, BMP6, BMP7, BMP type II receptor, and noggin in the immune system during different phases of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Major changes in the expression of BMPs took place in the initial phases of EAE. Indeed, those changes mainly affected BMP6 (whose expression was abrogated), BMP2, and BMP7 (whose expression was increased). In addition, we showed that in vivo inhibition of the BMP signaling pathway with small molecules ameliorated the already established clinical symptoms of EAE, as well as the CNS histopathological features. At the immune level, we observed an expansion of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in mice treated with small molecules that inhibit the BMP signaling pathway. pDCs could play an important role in promoting the expansion of antigen-specific regulatory T cells. Altogether, our data suggest a role for BMPs in early immune events that take place in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced EAE. In addition, the clinical outcome of the disease was improved when the BMP signaling pathway was inhibited in mice that presented established EAE symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herena Eixarch
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Laura Calvo-Barreiro
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Carme Costa
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Gemma Reverter-Vives
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Mireia Castillo
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Vanessa Gil
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Antonio Del Río
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Montalban
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
- Division of Neurology, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Carmen Espejo
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.
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Vitale S, Russo V, Dettori B, Palombi C, Baev D, Proietti E, Le Bon A, Belardelli F, Pace L. Type I interferons induce peripheral T regulatory cell differentiation under tolerogenic conditions. Int Immunol 2020; 33:59-77. [PMID: 32840576 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The type I interferons (type I IFNs) are central to a vast array of immunological functions. The production of these immune-modulatory molecules is initiated at the early stages of the innate immune responses and, therefore, plays a dominant role in shaping downstream events in both innate and adaptive immunity. Indeed, the major role of IFNα/β is the induction of priming states, relevant for the functional differentiation of T lymphocyte subsets. Among T cell subtypes, the CD4 +CD25 +Foxp3 + T regulatory cells (Tregs) represent a specialized subset of CD4 + T cells with a critical role in maintaining peripheral tolerance and immune homeostasis. Although the role of type I IFNs in maintaining the function of thymus-derived Tregs has been previously described, the direct contribution of these innate factors to peripheral Treg (pTreg) and induced Treg (iTreg) differentiation and suppressive function is still unclear. We now show that, under tolerogenic conditions, IFNα/β play a critical role in antigen-specific and also polyclonal naïve CD4 + T cell conversion into peripheral antigen-specific CD4 +CD25 +Foxp3 + Tregs and inhibit CD4 + T helper (Th) cell expansion in mice. While type I IFNs sustain the expression and the activation of the transcription master regulators Foxp3, Stat3 and Stat5, these innate molecules reciprocally inhibit Th17 cell differentiation. Altogether, these results indicate a new pivotal role of IFNα/β on pTreg differentiation and induction of peripheral tolerance, which may have important implications in the therapeutic control of inflammatory disorders, such as of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vitale
- Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Russo
- Armenise-Harvard Immune Regulation Unit, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Candiolo (TO), Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO- IRCCS Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Beatrice Dettori
- Laboratory of Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Palombi
- Laboratory of Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Denis Baev
- Armenise-Harvard Immune Regulation Unit, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Candiolo (TO), Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO- IRCCS Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | | | - Agnes Le Bon
- Inserm Pôle Infrastructures, Faculté de Médecine Pitié salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Filippo Belardelli
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,Istitute of Traslational Pharmacology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigia Pace
- Armenise-Harvard Immune Regulation Unit, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Candiolo (TO), Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO- IRCCS Candiolo (TO), Italy
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26
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Wang N, Yi H, Fang L, Jin J, Ma Q, Shen Y, Li J, Liang S, Xiong J, Li Z, Zeng H, Jiang F, Jin B, Chen L. CD226 Attenuates Treg Proliferation via Akt and Erk Signaling in an EAE Model. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1883. [PMID: 32983109 PMCID: PMC7478170 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 226 (CD226) molecules play a crucial role in the activation of effector CD4+ T cells during the immune response process, but a cell-intrinsic function of CD226 in CD4+ T subsets is not clear. In this study, we showed that Cd226−/− mice were resistant to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 35-55 (MOG35−55)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) with highly expressed IL-10+CD4+ T cells and downregulated IL-17A+CD4+ T cells when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Th17 cell infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS) was largely decreased in the absence of CD226 during EAE. CD226 deficiency facilitated the proliferation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), with increased numbers of Tregs observed in EAE mice, and supported the elevated induced regulatory T cell (iTregs) proliferation in vitro. The Akt and Erk signaling pathways were shown to be involved in Cd226−/− Treg proliferation and function in vivo and in vitro. These findings collectively indicate that CD226 is a key molecule regulating the Treg-mediated suppression of autoimmune responses by inhibiting Treg proliferation. Thus, the results of this study identify additional mechanisms by which CD226 regulates Treg functions in EAE and supports the potential therapeutic effects of anti-CD226 molecules on autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Immunology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongyu Yi
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingyi Jin
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qianli Ma
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuting Shen
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hanyu Zeng
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fengliang Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Boquan Jin
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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27
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Role of different Th17 and Treg downstream signalling pathways in the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus infection induced septic arthritis in mice. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 116:104485. [PMID: 32574668 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Septic arthritis is a condition of bone disorder caused predominantly by Staphylococcus aureus. Following the bacterial entry activated immune cells specially macrophages and dendritic cells release pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β etc., which not only create an inflammatory microenvironment but also play crucial roles in the proliferation of different CD+ T cell subsets. Among them, Th17 and Tregs are of major concern in recent times because of their potential roles in regulating the ongoing inflammation in many diseases including experimental arthritis. But the downstream signalling mechanism of these cells in regulating the severity of inflammation in case of septic arthritis is not known yet. So, here we have established a murine model of S. aureus induced septic arthritis and kept the animal upto 15 days post-infection. To examine the signalling mechanism, Th17 and Treg cells were isolated from blood, spleen and synovial joints of control and infected mice and observed the expression of JNK, NFκB and RANKL in the lysate of isolated Th17 and Tregs. We have also estimated the levels of serum IL-21 and TGF-β. NFκB, JNK and RANKL expression was found to be higher at 3 and 15 days post-infection along with serum IL-21 levels. On the other hand, maximum TGF-β level was observed at 9 days post-infection along with increased Treg population. In conclusion it was hypothesized that bone resorption is related with downstream signalling pathways of Th17 cells, which stimulate osteoclast generation via NFκB/JNK-RANKL axis and helps in the persistence of the disease.
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28
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Nono JK, Lutz MB, Brehm K. Expansion of Host Regulatory T Cells by Secreted Products of the Tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:798. [PMID: 32457746 PMCID: PMC7225322 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alveolar echinococcosis (AE), caused by the metacestode larval stage of the fox-tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis, is a chronic zoonosis associated with significant modulation of the host immune response. A role of regulatory T-cells (Treg) in generating an immunosuppressive environment around the metacestode during chronic disease has been reported, but the molecular mechanisms of Treg induction by E. multilocularis, particularly parasite immunoregulatory factors involved, remain elusive so far. Methodology/Principal Findings We herein demonstrate that excretory/secretory (E/S) products of the E. multilocularis metacestode promote the formation of Foxp3+ Treg from CD4+ T-cells in vitro in a TGF-β-dependent manner, given that this effect was abrogated by treatment with antibody to mammalian TGF-β. We also show that host T-cells secrete elevated levels of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 in response to metacestode E/S products. Within the E/S fraction of the metacestode we identified an E. multilocularis activin A homolog (EmACT) that displays significant similarities to mammalian Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β/activin subfamily members. EmACT obtained from heterologous expression failed to directly induce Treg expansion from naïve T cells but required addition of recombinant host TGF-β to promote CD4+ Foxp3+ Treg conversion in vitro. Furthermore, like in the case of metacestode E/S products, EmACT-treated CD4+ T-cells secreted higher levels of IL-10. These observations suggest a contribution of EmACT to in vitro expansion of Foxp3+ Treg by the E. multilocularis metacestode. Using infection experiments we show that intraperitoneally injected metacestode tissue expands host Foxp3+ Treg, confirming the expansion of this cell type in vivo during parasite establishment. Conclusion/Significance In conclusion, we herein demonstrate that E. multilocularis larvae secrete factors that induce the secretion of IL-10 by T-cells and contribute to the expansion of TGF-b-driven Foxp3+ Treg, a cell type that has been reported crucial for generating a tolerogenic environment to support parasite establishment and proliferation. Among the E/S factors of the parasite we identified a factor with structural and functional homologies to mammalian activin A which might play an important role in these activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Komguep Nono
- Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- The Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Manfred B. Lutz
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Brehm
- Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Zhang X, Olsen N, Zheng SG. The progress and prospect of regulatory T cells in autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2020; 111:102461. [PMID: 32305296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are an important immune cell population, playing a crucial role in regulating immune tolerance and preventing autoimmune diseases. These cells consist of various cell sub-populations and generally have an immunoregulatory or suppressive role against immune responses. They also have a different cell heterogeneity and each populations has own biological characteristics. Treg deficiency, reduction, instability, reduced vitality and dysfunction all account for multiple autoimmune diseases. In this review, we have systemically reviewed Treg classification, phenotypic features, regulation of Foxp3 expression, plasticity and stability of Treg as well as their relationship with several important autoimmune diseases. We particularly focus on why and how inflammatory and diet environments affect the functional capacity and underlying mechanisms of Treg cell populations. We also summarize new advances in technologies which help to analyze and dissect these cells in molecular levels in-depth. We also clarify the possible clinical relevance on application of these cells in patients with autoimmune diseases. The advantages and weaknesses have been carefully discussed as well. We also propose the possible approaches to overcome these weaknesses of Treg cells in complicate environments. Thus, we have displayed the updated knowledge of Treg cells, which provides an overall insight into the role and mechanisms of Treg cells in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximei Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, PA, 43201, USA
| | - Nancy Olsen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine at Penn State College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, 17033, USA
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, PA, 43201, USA.
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30
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Chawla AS, Khalsa JK, Dhar A, Gupta S, Umar D, Arimbasseri GA, Bal V, George A, Rath S. A role for cell-autocrine interleukin-2 in regulatory T-cell homeostasis. Immunology 2020; 160:295-309. [PMID: 32187647 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated T-cells make both interleukin-2 (IL2) and its high-affinity receptor component CD25. Regulatory CD4 T-cells (Treg cells) do not make IL2, and the IL2-CD25 circuit is considered a paracrine circuit crucial in their generation and maintenance. Yet, all T-cells are capable of making IL2 at some stage during differentiation, making a cell-intrinsic autocrine circuit additionally possible. When we re-visited experiments with mixed bone marrow chimeras using a wide range of ratios of wild-type (WT) and IL2-/- genotype progenitors, we found that, as expected, thymic Treg cells were almost equivalent between WT and IL2-/- genotypes at ratios with WT prominence. However, at WT-limiting ratios, the IL2-/- genotype showed lower thymic Treg frequencies, indicating a role for cell-intrinsic autocrine IL2 in thymic Treg generation under IL2-limiting conditions. Further, peripheral IL2-/- naive CD4 T-cells showed poor conversion to inducible Tregs (pTregs) both in vivo and in vitro, again indicating a significant role for cell-intrinsic autocrine IL2 in their generation. Peripherally, the IL2-/- genotype was less prominent at all WT:IL2-/- ratios among both thymic Tregs (tTregs) and pTregs, adoptively transferred IL2-/- Tregs showed poorer survival than WT Tregs did, and RNA-seq analysis of WT and IL2-/- Tregs showed interesting differences in the T-cell receptor and transforming growth factor-beta-bone morphogenetic protein-JNK pathways between them, suggesting a non-titrating role for cell-intrinsic autocrine IL2 in Treg programming. These data indicate that cell-intrinsic autocrine IL2 plays significant roles in Treg generation and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Atika Dhar
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Suman Gupta
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Danish Umar
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Vineeta Bal
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anna George
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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31
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Fang Q, Deng Y, Liang R, Mei Y, Hu Z, Wang J, Sun J, Zhang X, Bellanti JA, Zheng SG. CD19 +CD24 hiCD38 hi regulatory B cells: a potential immune predictive marker of severity and therapeutic responsiveness of hepatitis C. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:889-900. [PMID: 32269721 PMCID: PMC7137049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with abnormal immune responses. Since regulatory T (Tregs) and B (Bregs) cells modulate the progression of infectious diseases, this study aimed at examining how these cells are involved with the development of HCV infection. METHODS The frequencies of circulating Bregs and Tregs were characterized using flow cytometry. Both the association and dynamic changes of these cells with related clinical parameters were analyzed after Direct-Acting Antiviral (DAA) agent treatments. Additionally, both regulatory B and T and naïve B and T cells were sorted and stimulated with healthy or HCV sera in vitro. RESULTS Bregs frequency in HCV-infected patients increased significantly and were positively correlated with levels of sera HCV RNA load, Alanine aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBILI). Additionally, the increased Bregs returned to normal levels after DAA treatment. However, Tregs increased markedly in patients with HCV-cirrhosis and were significantly associated with Aspartate aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) and Fibrosis 4 (FIB-4) scores. Furthermore, HCV sera doesn't expand either Tregs or Bregs, however, it does induce the IL-10 expression in B cells although it fails to induce FOXP3 expression in CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS Increased Bregs not only may be associated with poor viral eradication and liver injury but also may provide a predictive marker of HCV disease therapeutic efficacy following DAA-treatment. HCV sera may selectively induce Bregs. Tregs probably do not control disease status in the early stages but may contribute to the progression of liver fibrosis in the late stages of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Fang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical CenterColumbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Yanan Deng
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongzhen Liang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongyu Mei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaoxia Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Julie Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical CenterColumbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Jianbo Sun
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Joseph A Bellanti
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology-Immunology, Georgetown University Medical CenterWashington, DC, United States
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical CenterColumbus, OH 43210, United States
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32
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Huang Z, Xie L, Li H, Liu X, Bellanti JA, Zheng SG, Su W. Insight into interleukin-37: The potential therapeutic target in allergic diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 49:32-41. [PMID: 31672283 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases are ubiquitous diseases with detrimental effects on the quality of life of people worldwide. Common allergic diseases include asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic dermatitis (AD). Recently, studies have shown that interleukin (IL)-37, a novel cytokine in the IL-1 family, exhibits broad protective properties in various diseases, such as autoimmune diseases and cancer. IL-37 displays its anti-inflammatory effect on diseases by curbing innate and acquired immunity as well as inflammatory reactions. IL-37 functions by forming a complex with IL-18Rα and IL-1R8 extracellularly and can be translocated to the nucleus upon forming a complex with mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (Smad3) intracellularly, thereby affecting gene transcription and signaling pathway activation. In addition, increasing evidence confirms that IL-37 expression is aberrant in asthma, AR and AD, which indicates that IL-37 may also play essential roles in allergic diseases. Furthermore, accumulating data obtained from recombinant IL-37 (rIL-37)-treated mice and from IL-37 transgenic (IL-37tg) mice suggest a protective role for IL-37. This review will detail the role of IL-37 in the occurrence and development of allergic diseases and discuss the potential of IL-37 as a therapeutic target in allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuxing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Joseph A Bellanti
- International Center for Interdisciplinary Studies of Immunology (ICISI), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus 43210, OH, United States.
| | - Wenru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Berghausen EM, Feik L, Zierden M, Vantler M, Rosenkranz S. Key inflammatory pathways underlying vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension. Herz 2019; 44:130-137. [PMID: 30847510 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-019-4795-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Independent of the underlying cause, pulmonary hypertension (PH) remains a devastating condition that is characterized by limited survival. Cumulating evidence indicates that in addition to a dysbalance of mediators regulating vascular tone and growth factors promoting vascular remodeling, failure to resolve inflammation and altered immune processes play a pivotal role in the development and progression of PH. Here, we highlight the role of key inflammatory pathways in the pathobiology of vascular remodeling and PH, and discuss potential therapeutic interventions that may halt disease progression or even reverse pulmonary vascular remodeling. Perivascular inflammation is present in all forms of PH, and inflammatory pathways involve numerous mediators and cell types including macrophages, neutrophils, T cells, dendritic cells, and mast cells. Dysfunctional bone morphogenic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) signaling and dysregulated immunity enable the accumulation of macrophages and other inflammatory cells in obliterative vascular lesions. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) were shown to be of particular relevance in the control of inflammatory responses. Key cytokines/chemokines include interleukin-6, functioning via classic or trans-signaling, macrophage migratory inhibitory factor (MIF), but also other mediators such as neutrophil-derived myeloperoxidase. The expanding knowledge on this topic has resulted in multiple opportunities for sophisticated therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Berghausen
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Herzzentrum, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany
| | - L Feik
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Herzzentrum, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Zierden
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Herzzentrum, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Vantler
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Herzzentrum, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany
| | - S Rosenkranz
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Herzzentrum, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany. .,Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany.
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34
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Khan KN, Yamamoto K, Fujishita A, Muto H, Koshiba A, Kuroboshi H, Saito S, Teramukai S, Nakashima M, Kitawaki J. Differential Levels of Regulatory T Cells and T-Helper-17 Cells in Women With Early and Advanced Endometriosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:4715-4729. [PMID: 31042291 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Regulatory T (Treg) cells and T-helper-17 (Th17) cells may be involved in endometriosis. Information on the pattern of change in the percentages of Treg and Th17 cells in the peripheral blood (PB) and peritoneal fluid (PF) of women with early and advanced endometriosis is unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the pattern of change in the percentages of Treg and Th17 cells in the PB and PF of women with early and advanced endometriosis. METHODS We recruited 31 women with laparoscopically and histologically confirmed, revised American Society of Reproductive Medicine stage I-II endometriosis, 39 women with stage III-IV endometriosis, and 36 control subjects without visible endometriosis. PB and PF samples were collected and T-cell subpopulations analyzed by flow cytometry using specific monoclonal antibodies recognizing CD4+, CD25+, FOXP3+, and IL-17A+ markers. PF concentrations of TGF-β and IL-17 were measured by ELISA. RESULTS The percentages of CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells within the CD4+ T-cell population were significantly higher in the PF of women with advanced endometriosis than in either early endometriosis or in control subjects (P < 0.05 for both). A persistently lower percentage of CD4+IL-17A+ Th17 cells was found in both PB and PF of women with early and advanced endometriosis. Compared with IL-17 levels, PF levels of TGF-β were significantly higher in women with endometriosis (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION Our findings reconfirmed the current speculation that endometriosis is related to alteration of Treg and Th17 cells in the pelvis causing survival and implantation of ectopic endometrial lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaleque N Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamamoto
- Biomedical Research Support Center, Nagasaki University School of Medicine; Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akira Fujishita
- Department of Gynecology, Saiseikai Nagasaki Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Muto
- Biomedical Research Support Center, Nagasaki University School of Medicine; Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akemi Koshiba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Haruo Kuroboshi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Teramukai
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakashima
- Department of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Jo Kitawaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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35
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Sun X, Cui Y, Feng H, Liu H, Liu X. TGF-β signaling controls Foxp3 methylation and T reg cell differentiation by modulating Uhrf1 activity. J Exp Med 2019; 216:2819-2837. [PMID: 31515281 PMCID: PMC6888975 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (T reg) cells are required for the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Both TGF-β signaling and epigenetic modifications are important for Foxp3 induction, but how TGF-β signaling participates in the epigenetic regulation of Foxp3 remains largely unknown. Here we showed that T cell-specific ablation of Uhrf1 resulted in T reg-biased differentiation in TCR-stimulated naive T cells in the absence of TGF-β signaling, and these Foxp3+ T cells had a suppressive function. Adoptive transfer of Uhrf1 -/- naive T cells could significantly suppress colitis due to increased iT reg cell generation. Mechanistically, Uhrf1 was induced upon TCR stimulation and participated in the maintenance of DNA methylation patterns of T reg cell-specific genes during cell division, while it was phosphorylated upon TGF-β stimulation and sequestered outside the nucleus, and ultimately underwent proteasome-dependent degradation. Collectively, our study reveals a novel epigenetic mechanism of TGF-β-mediated iT reg cell differentiation by modulating Uhrf1 activity and suggests that Uhrf1 may be a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases for generating stable iT reg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyun Feng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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36
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Liu J, Curtin J, You D, Hillerman S, Li-Wang B, Eraslan R, Xie J, Swanson J, Ho CP, Oppenheimer S, Warrack BM, McNaney CA, Nelson DM, Blum J, Kim T, Fereshteh M, Reily M, Shipkova P, Murtaza A, Sanjuan M, Hunt JT, Salter-Cid L. Critical role of kinase activity of hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 in anti-tumor immune surveillance. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212670. [PMID: 30913212 PMCID: PMC6435129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has fundamentally changed the landscape of cancer treatment. Despite the encouraging results with the checkpoint modulators, response rates vary widely across tumor types, with a majority of patients exhibiting either primary resistance without a significant initial response to treatment or acquired resistance with subsequent disease progression. Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cell linages and serves as a negative regulator in T cells and dendritic cells (DC). While HPK1 gene knockout (KO) studies suggest its role in anti-tumor immune responses, the involvement of kinase activity and thereof its therapeutic potential remain unknown. To investigate the potential of pharmacological intervention using inhibitors of HPK1, we generated HPK1 kinase dead (KD) mice which carry a single loss-of-function point mutation in the kinase domain and interrogated the role of kinase activity in immune cells in the context of suppressive factors or the tumor microenvironment (TME). Our data provide novel findings that HKP1 kinase activity is critical in conferring suppressive functions of HPK1 in a wide range of immune cells including CD4+, CD8+, DC, NK to Tregs, and inactivation of kinase domain was sufficient to elicit robust anti-tumor immune responses. These data support the concept that an HPK1 small molecule kinase inhibitor could serve as a novel agent to provide additional benefit in combination with existing immunotherapies, particularly to overcome resistance to current treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqi Liu
- Immuno-oncology Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Joshua Curtin
- Immuno-oncology Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Dan You
- Immuno-oncology Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Stephen Hillerman
- Immuno-oncology Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Bifang Li-Wang
- Immuno-oncology Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Rukiye Eraslan
- Immuno-oncology Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jenny Xie
- Immuno-oncology Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jesse Swanson
- Immuno-oncology Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Ching-Ping Ho
- Immuno-oncology Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Simone Oppenheimer
- Immuno-oncology Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Bethanne M. Warrack
- Immuno-oncology Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Colleen A. McNaney
- Immuno-oncology Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - David M. Nelson
- Immuno-oncology Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jordan Blum
- Immuno-oncology Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Taeg Kim
- Immuno-oncology Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Mark Fereshteh
- Immuno-oncology Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Michael Reily
- Immuno-oncology Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Petia Shipkova
- Immuno-oncology Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Anwar Murtaza
- Immuno-oncology Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Miguel Sanjuan
- Immuno-oncology Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - John T. Hunt
- Immuno-oncology Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Luisa Salter-Cid
- Immuno-oncology Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
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Zhang XX, Qiao YC, Li W, Zou X, Chen YL, Shen J, Liao QY, Zhang QJ, He L, Zhao HL. Human amylin induces CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the protection from autoimmune diabetes. Immunol Res 2019; 66:179-186. [PMID: 28983871 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-017-8956-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diabetes is a disorder of immune homeostasis that leads to targeted insulin-secreting islet β cell destruction characterized by insulitis. Human amylin (hA) is an important neuroendocrine hormone co-secreted with insulin by pancreatic β cells. Here, we report hA immune-modulatory action through inducing regulatory T cells. We ex vivo-treated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) with hA for 24 h and counted CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) using flow cytometry. Diabetic status was monitored and splenic Treg were measured in non-obese diabetic (NOD) male mice. NOD mice were intraperitoneally injected once daily with hA (n = 25) or solvent for control (n = 25) for 7 months continuously. Spleen tissues were collected at the end of intervention and processed for flow cytometry and Western blot. We found a 2.9-fold (p < 0.05) increase of CD4+Foxp3+ Treg in hPBMCs treated with 10 nmol/L hA compared with negative control. Incidence of diabetes in hA-treated NOD mice decreased 44% (p = 0.045) in the 6th month and 57% (p = 0.0002) in the 7th month. Meanwhile, the hA treatment induced a 1.5-fold increase of CD4+Foxp3+ Treg from mouse splenocytes (p = 0.0013). Expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) were upregulated in hA-treated mice. Human amylin might protect against autoimmune diabetes via the induction of CD4+Foxp3+ Treg, which suggests a novel approach to improve autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xi Zhang
- Centre of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, and Department of Immunology, Guangxi Area of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Huan Cheng North 2nd Road 109, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Yong-Chao Qiao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Wan Li
- Centre of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, and Department of Immunology, Guangxi Area of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Huan Cheng North 2nd Road 109, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Xia Zou
- Centre of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, and Department of Immunology, Guangxi Area of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Huan Cheng North 2nd Road 109, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Yin-Ling Chen
- Centre of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, and Department of Immunology, Guangxi Area of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Huan Cheng North 2nd Road 109, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Centre of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, and Department of Immunology, Guangxi Area of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Huan Cheng North 2nd Road 109, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Qin-Yuan Liao
- Centre of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, and Department of Immunology, Guangxi Area of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Huan Cheng North 2nd Road 109, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Qiu-Jin Zhang
- Centre of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, and Department of Immunology, Guangxi Area of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Huan Cheng North 2nd Road 109, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Lan He
- Department of Microbiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Hai-Lu Zhao
- Centre of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, and Department of Immunology, Guangxi Area of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Huan Cheng North 2nd Road 109, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China. .,Department of Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China.
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Berendam SJ, Koeppel AF, Godfrey NR, Rouhani SJ, Woods AN, Rodriguez AB, Peske JD, Cummings KL, Turner SD, Engelhard VH. Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies a Range of Immunologically Related Functional Elaborations of Lymph Node Associated Lymphatic and Blood Endothelial Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:816. [PMID: 31057546 PMCID: PMC6478037 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic and blood vessels are formed by specialized lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) and blood endothelial cells (BEC), respectively. These endothelial populations not only form peripheral tissue vessels, but also critical supporting structures in secondary lymphoid organs, particularly the lymph node (LN). Lymph node LEC (LN-LEC) also have been shown to have important immunological functions that are not observed in LEC from tissue lymphatics. LN-LEC can maintain peripheral tolerance through direct presentation of self-antigen via MHC-I, leading to CD8 T cell deletion; and through transfer of self-antigen to dendritic cells for presentation via MHC-II, resulting in CD4 T cell anergy. LN-LEC also can capture and archive foreign antigens, transferring them to dendritic cells for maintenance of memory CD8 T cells. The molecular basis for these functional elaborations in LN-LEC remain largely unexplored, and it is also unclear whether blood endothelial cells in LN (LN-BEC) might express similar enhanced immunologic functionality. Here, we used RNA-Seq to compare the transcriptomic profiles of freshly isolated murine LEC and BEC from LN with one another and with freshly isolated LEC from the periphery (diaphragm). We show that LN-LEC, LN-BEC, and diaphragm LEC (D-LEC) are transcriptionally distinct from one another, demonstrating both lineage and tissue-specific functional specializations. Surprisingly, tissue microenvironment differences in gene expression profiles were more numerous than those determined by endothelial cell lineage specification. In this regard, both LN-localized endothelial cell populations show a variety of functional elaborations that suggest how they may function as antigen presenting cells, and also point to as yet unexplored roles in both positive and negative regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. The present work has defined in depth gene expression differences that point to functional specializations of endothelial cell populations in different anatomical locations, but especially the LN. Beyond the analyses provided here, these data are a resource for future work to uncover mechanisms of endothelial cell functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella J. Berendam
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Alexander F. Koeppel
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Bioinformatics Core, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Nicole R. Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Sherin J. Rouhani
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Amber N. Woods
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Anthony B. Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - J. David Peske
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Kara L. Cummings
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Stephen D. Turner
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Bioinformatics Core, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Victor H. Engelhard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: Victor H. Engelhard
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Liu HJ, Chen G, Chen L, Zhou M, Xiong XZ, Meng ZJ, Sun SW, Tao XN. Cytokine-induced alterations of BAMBI mediate the reciprocal regulation of human Th17/Treg cells in response to cigarette smoke extract. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:3404-3414. [PMID: 30320351 PMCID: PMC6202106 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In CD4+ T helper (Th) cells, transforming growth factor β (TGF‑β) is indispensable for the induction of both regulatory T (Treg) and interleukin‑17‑producing effector T helper (Th17) cells. Although BMP and activin membrane‑bound inhibitor (BAMBI) is part of a rheostat‑like mechanism for the regulation of TGF‑β signalling and autoimmune arthritis in mouse models, the underlying activity of BAMBI on the human Th17/Treg cell axis, particularly during exposure to cigarette smoke, remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to further characterize BAMBI expression in human CD4+ cells, as well as immune imbalance during activation and cigarette smoke exposure. Results from the present study indicated that exposure to cigarette smoke extract partially suppressed Treg differentiation and promoted Th17 cell generation under stimulation by anti‑CD3/28 antibodies and TGF‑β1. Additionally, exposure to cigarette smoke induced an inhibition of phosphorylated‑Smad2/Smad3, which may have arisen from a concomitant enhancement of BAMBI expression. In conclusion, human BAMBI may function as a molecular switch to control TGF‑β signalling strength and the Th17/Treg cell balance, which may be used not only as a biomarker but also as a target of new treatment strategies for maintaining immune tolerance and for the treatment of smoking‑induced immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ju Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Zhi Xiong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Ji Meng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Wen Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Nan Tao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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40
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Pezoldt J, Pasztoi M, Zou M, Wiechers C, Beckstette M, Thierry GR, Vafadarnejad E, Floess S, Arampatzi P, Buettner M, Schweer J, Fleissner D, Vital M, Pieper DH, Basic M, Dersch P, Strowig T, Hornef M, Bleich A, Bode U, Pabst O, Bajénoff M, Saliba AE, Huehn J. Neonatally imprinted stromal cell subsets induce tolerogenic dendritic cells in mesenteric lymph nodes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3903. [PMID: 30254319 PMCID: PMC6156403 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06423-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut-draining mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) are important for inducing peripheral tolerance towards food and commensal antigens by providing an optimal microenvironment for de novo generation of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). We previously identified microbiota-imprinted mLN stromal cells as a critical component in tolerance induction. Here we show that this imprinting process already takes place in the neonatal phase, and renders the mLN stromal cell compartment resistant to inflammatory perturbations later in life. LN transplantation and single-cell RNA-seq uncover stably imprinted expression signatures in mLN fibroblastic stromal cells. Subsetting common stromal cells across gut-draining mLNs and skin-draining LNs further refine their location-specific immunomodulatory functions, such as subset-specific expression of Aldh1a2/3. Finally, we demonstrate that mLN stromal cells shape resident dendritic cells to attain high Treg-inducing capacity in a Bmp2-dependent manner. Thus, crosstalk between mLN stromal and resident dendritic cells provides a robust regulatory mechanism for the maintenance of intestinal tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joern Pezoldt
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maria Pasztoi
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mangge Zou
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Carolin Wiechers
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Beckstette
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Guilhem R Thierry
- CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Aix Marseille University, 13284, Marseille, France
| | - Ehsan Vafadarnejad
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Floess
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Panagiota Arampatzi
- Core Unit Systems Medicine, University of Wuerzburg, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Manuela Buettner
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Janina Schweer
- Department Molecular Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Diana Fleissner
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marius Vital
- Research Group Microbial Interactions and Processes, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dietmar H Pieper
- Research Group Microbial Interactions and Processes, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marijana Basic
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Petra Dersch
- Department Molecular Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Research Group Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mathias Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bode
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Oliver Pabst
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc Bajénoff
- CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Aix Marseille University, 13284, Marseille, France
| | | | - Jochen Huehn
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
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41
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Browning LM, Pietrzak M, Kuczma M, Simms CP, Kurczewska A, Refugia JM, Lowery DJ, Rempala G, Gutkin D, Ignatowicz L, Muranski P, Kraj P. TGF-β-mediated enhancement of T H17 cell generation is inhibited by bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1α signaling. Sci Signal 2018; 11:eaar2125. [PMID: 30154100 PMCID: PMC8713300 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aar2125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The cytokines of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family promote the growth and differentiation of multiple tissues, but the role of only the founding member, TGF-β, in regulating the immune responses has been extensively studied. TGF-β is critical to prevent the spontaneous activation of self-reactive T cells and sustain immune homeostasis. In contrast, in the presence of proinflammatory cytokines, TGF-β promotes the differentiation of effector T helper 17 (TH17) cells. Abrogating TGF-β receptor signaling prevents the development of interleukin-17 (IL-17)-secreting cells and protects mice from TH17 cell-mediated autoimmunity. We found that the receptor of another member of TGF-β family, bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1α (BMPR1α), regulates T helper cell activation. We found that the differentiation of TH17 cells from naive CD4+ T cells was inhibited in the presence of BMPs. Abrogation of BMPR1α signaling during CD4+ T cell activation induced a developmental program that led to the generation of inflammatory effector cells expressing large amounts of IL-17, IFN-γ, and TNF family cytokines and transcription factors defining the TH17 cell lineage. We found that TGF-β and BMPs cooperated to establish effector cell functions and the cytokine profile of activated CD4+ T cells. Together, our data provide insight into the immunoregulatory function of BMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Browning
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Maciej Pietrzak
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michal Kuczma
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Colin P Simms
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Agnieszka Kurczewska
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Justin M Refugia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Dustin J Lowery
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Grzegorz Rempala
- College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dmitriy Gutkin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Leszek Ignatowicz
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Pawel Muranski
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Piotr Kraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
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42
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Shohan M, Elahi S, Shirzad H, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Bagheri N, Soltani E. Th9 Cells: Probable players in ulcerative colitis pathogenesis. Int Rev Immunol 2018; 37:192-205. [PMID: 29672174 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2018.1457659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
T lymphocytes represent an important part of adaptive immune system undertaking different functions to regulate immune responses. CD4+ T cells are the most important activator cells in inflammatory conditions. Depending on the type of induced cells and inflamed sites, expression and activity of different subtypes of helper T cells are changed. Recent studies have confirmed the existence of a new subset of helper T lymphocytes called Th9. Naive T cells can differentiate into Th9 subtypes if they are exposed simultaneously by interleukin (IL) 4 and transforming growth factor β and also secondary activation of a complicated network of transcription factors such as interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) and Smads which are essential for adequate induction of this phenotype. Th9 cells specifically produce interleukin 9 and their probable roles in promoting intestinal inflammation are being investigated in human subjects and experimental models of ulcerative colitis (UC). Recently, infiltration of Th9 cells, overexpression of IL-9, and certain genes associated with Th9 differentiation have been demonstrated in inflammatory microenvironment of UC. Intestinal oversecretion of IL-9 protein is likely to break down epithelial barriers and compromise tolerance to certain commensal microorganisms which leads to inflammation. Th9 pathogenicity has not yet been adequately explored in UC and they are far from being considered as inflammatory cells in this milieu, therefore precise understanding the role of these newly identified cells in particular their potential role in gut pathogenesis may enable us to develop novel therapeutic approaches for inflammatory bowel disease. So, this article tries to discuss the latest knowledge on the above-mentioned field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Shohan
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- b Department of Dentistry , Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology , Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada
| | - Hedayatollah Shirzad
- c Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- d Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Nader Bagheri
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Emad Soltani
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran
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43
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Afdal P, AbdelMassih AF. Is pulmonary vascular disease reversible with PPAR ɣ agonists? Microcirculation 2018; 25:e12444. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Afdal
- Faculty of Medicine; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
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44
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Shan L, Ji T, Su X, Shao Q, Du T, Zhang S. TMPRSS2-ERG Fusion Promotes Recruitment of Regulatory T cells and Tumor Growth in Prostate Cancer. Am J Med Sci 2018; 356:72-78. [PMID: 30049331 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to examine the effect of transmembrane protease serine 2 ETS-related gene (TMPRSS2-ERG) fusion on regulatory T cells and tumor growth in prostate cancer, which may provide a new potential therapeutic direction for PCa. METHODS The effect of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion on the migration of Treg cells and tumor growth in a mouse model was investigated in vitro and in vivo. TMPRSS2-ERG fusion in biopsy tissues was performed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and the expression of ERG and Forkhead box P3 was detected by gel electrophoresis, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry were used to analyze transforming growth factor β levels and the number of regulatory T cells, respectively. Finally, the infiltration of regulatory T cells was analyzed by Forkhead box P3 immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed that the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion gene was positive in prostate cancer and that the messenger RNA and protein expression of ERG were significantly up-regulated in prostate cancer biopsy tissues. Furthermore, the number of regulatory T cells and the levels of Forkhead box P3 and transforming growth factor β were significantly increased in prostate cancer. TMPRSS2-ERG fusion increased the migration and activation of regulatory T cells in vitro and promoted subcutaneous tumor size and regulatory T cells infiltration in mouse models. CONCLUSIONS TMPRSS2-ERG fusion can regulate the recruitment and infiltration of regulatory T cells to promote tumor growth in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shan
- Department of Urology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tongyu Ji
- Department of Urology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiang Su
- Department of Urology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qichao Shao
- Department of Urology, Ningling People's Hospital, Ningling County, Henan, China
| | - Tao Du
- Department of Urology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Shilong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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45
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Eixarch H, Calvo-Barreiro L, Montalban X, Espejo C. Bone morphogenetic proteins in multiple sclerosis: Role in neuroinflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 68:1-10. [PMID: 28249802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are growth factors that represent the largest subgroup of signalling ligands of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily. Their participation in the proliferation, survival and cell fate of several cell types and their involvement in many pathological conditions are now well known. BMP expression is altered in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, suggesting that BMPs have a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. MS is a demyelinating and neurodegenerative autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). MS is a complex pathological condition in which genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors converge, although its aetiology remains elusive. Multifunctional molecules, such as BMPs, are extremely interesting in the field of MS because they are involved in the regulation of several adult tissues, including the CNS and the immune system. In this review, we discuss the extensive data available regarding the role of BMP signalling in neuronal progenitor/stem cell fate and focus on the participation and expression of BMPs in CNS demyelination. Additionally, we provide an overview of the involvement of BMPs as modulators of the immune system, as this subject has not been thoroughly explored even though it is of great interest in autoimmune disorders. Moreover, we describe the data on BMP signalling in autoimmunity and inflammatory diseases, including MS and its experimental models. Thus, we aim to provide an integrated view of the putative role of BMPs in MS pathogenesis and to open the field for the further development of alternative therapeutic strategies for MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herena Eixarch
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Laura Calvo-Barreiro
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Xavier Montalban
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Carmen Espejo
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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Ortega-Francisco S, de la Fuente-Granada M, Alvarez Salazar EK, Bolaños-Castro LA, Fonseca-Camarillo G, Olguin-Alor R, Alemán-Muench GR, López-Casillas F, Raman C, García-Zepeda EA, Soldevila G. TβRIII is induced by TCR signaling and downregulated in FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 494:82-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Lu X, Jin EJ, Cheng X, Feng S, Shang X, Deng P, Jiang S, Chang Q, Rahmy S, Chaudhary S, Lu X, Zhao R, Wang YA, DePinho RA. Opposing roles of TGFβ and BMP signaling in prostate cancer development. Genes Dev 2017; 31:2337-2342. [PMID: 29352019 PMCID: PMC5795781 DOI: 10.1101/gad.307116.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SMAD4 constrains progression of Pten-null prostate cancer and serves as a common downstream node of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathways. Here, we dissected the roles of TGFβ receptor II (TGFBR2) and BMP receptor II (BMPR2) using a Pten-null prostate cancer model. These studies demonstrated that the molecular actions of TGFBR2 result in both SMAD4-dependent constraint of proliferation and SMAD4-independent activation of apoptosis. In contrast, BMPR2 deletion extended survival relative to Pten deletion alone, establishing its promoting role in BMP6-driven prostate cancer progression. These analyses reveal the complexity of TGFβ-BMP signaling and illuminate potential therapeutic targets for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Eun-Jung Jin
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
- Department of Biological Science, Wonkwang University, Cheonbuk, Iksan 570-749, South Korea
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shan Feng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoying Shang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Pingna Deng
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Shan Jiang
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Qing Chang
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Sharif Rahmy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Seema Chaudhary
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Xuemin Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Ren Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Y Alan Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
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Mechanism of chimeric vaccine stimulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase biosynthesis in human dendritic cells is independent of TGF-β signaling. Cell Immunol 2017; 319:43-52. [PMID: 28864263 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cholera toxin B subunit fusion to autoantigens such as proinsulin (CTB-INS) down regulate dendritic cell (DC) activation and stimulate synthesis of DC immunosuppressive cytokines. Recent studies of CTB-INS induction of immune tolerance in human DCs indicate that increased biosynthesis of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) may play an important role in CTB-INS vaccine suppression of DC activation. Studies in murine models suggest a role for transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in the stimulation of IDO1 biosynthesis, for the induction of tolerance in DCs. Here, we investigated the contribution of TGF-β superfamily proteins to CTB-INS induction of IDO1 biosynthesis in human monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs). We show that CTB-INS upregulates the level of TGF-β1, activin-A and the TGF-β activator, integrin αvβ8 in human DCs. However, inhibition of endogenous TGF-β, activin-A or addition of biologically active TGF-β1, and activin-A, did not inhibit or stimulate IDO1 biosynthesis in human DCs treated with CTB-INS. While inhibition with the kinase inhibitor, RepSox, blocked SMAD2/3 phosphorylation and diminished IDO1 biosynthesis in a concentration dependent manner. Specific blocking of the TGF-β type 1 kinase receptor with SB-431542 did not arrest IDO1 biosynthesis, suggesting the involvement of a different kinase pathway other than TGF-β type 1 receptor kinase in CTB-INS induction of IDO1 in human moDCs. Together, our experimental findings identify additional immunoregulatory proteins induced by the CTB-INS fusion protein, suggesting CTB-INS may utilize multiple mechanisms in the induction of tolerance in human moDCs.
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Postigo J, Iglesias M, Álvarez P, Jesús Augustin J, Buelta L, Merino J, Merino R. Bone Morphogenetic Protein and Activin Membrane-Bound Inhibitor, a Transforming Growth Factor β Rheostat That Controls Murine Treg Cell/Th17 Cell Differentiation and the Development of Autoimmune Arthritis by Reducing Interleukin-2 Signaling. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 68:1551-62. [PMID: 26714180 DOI: 10.1002/art.39557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) plays a prominent role in the establishment of immunologic tolerance, and mice lacking TGFβ1 die of multiorgan inflammation early in life. TGFβ controls the differentiation of CD4+ lymphocytes into Treg cells or proinflammatory Th17 cells. Although this dual capacity is modulated by the presence of additional cytokines around the activated cells, TGFβ also dissociates Th17/Treg cell differentiation in a dose-dependent manner by mechanisms still unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the contribution of bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) to the modulation of TGFβ activity during the differentiation of CD4+ cells and in the control of immunologic tolerance in mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). METHODS The in vitro and in vivo Treg cell and Th17 cell differentiation and the development of CIA were compared in wild-type mice and BAMBI-deficient mice. RESULTS BAMBI was induced after activation by TGFβ and fixed the appropriate intensity level of TGFβ signaling in CD4+ cells. Its deficiency protected mice against the development of CIA by a Treg cell- and TGFβ-dependent mechanism. Mechanistically, BAMBI was found to regulate CD25 expression and interleukin-2 (IL-2) signaling in Treg cells and in IL-2- and/or TGFβ-activated CD4+ cells and modulated Treg cell and Th17 cell differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Taken together, the results indicate that BAMBI is a component of a rheostat-like mechanism that, through the control of TGFβ and IL-2 signaling strength, regulates the differentiation of CD4+ lymphocytes and the development of autoimmune arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Postigo
- Jorge Postigo, PhD, Marcos Iglesias, PhD, Luis Buelta, MD, PhD, Jesús Merino, MD: IDIVAL and Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Marcos Iglesias
- Jorge Postigo, PhD, Marcos Iglesias, PhD, Luis Buelta, MD, PhD, Jesús Merino, MD: IDIVAL and Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Pilar Álvarez
- IDIVAL and Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, CSIC, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Juan Jesús Augustin
- IDIVAL and Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, CSIC, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Luis Buelta
- Jorge Postigo, PhD, Marcos Iglesias, PhD, Luis Buelta, MD, PhD, Jesús Merino, MD: IDIVAL and Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Jesús Merino
- Jorge Postigo, PhD, Marcos Iglesias, PhD, Luis Buelta, MD, PhD, Jesús Merino, MD: IDIVAL and Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Ramón Merino
- IDIVAL and Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, CSIC, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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