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Wang A, Wang Y, Liang R, Li B, Pan F. Improving regulatory T cell-based therapy: insights into post-translational modification regulation. J Genet Genomics 2024:S1673-8527(24)00252-2. [PMID: 39357622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are pivotal for maintaining immune homeostasis and play essential roles in various diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), tumors, and infectious diseases. Treg cells exert suppressive function via distinct mechanisms including inhibitory cytokines, granzyme or perforin-mediated cytolysis, metabolic disruption, and suppression of dendritic cells. Forkhead Box P3 (FOXP3), the characteristic transcription factor, is essential for Treg cell function and plasticity. Cumulative evidence has demonstrated that FOXP3 activity and Treg cell function are modulated by a variety of post-translational modifications (PTMs), including ubiquitination, acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, glycosylation, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, and uncharacterized modifications. This review describes Treg cell suppressive mechanisms and summarizes the current evidence on PTM regulation of FOXP3 and Treg cell function. Understanding the regulatory role of PTMs in Treg cell plasticity and function will be helpful in designing therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases, GVHD, tumors, and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiting Wang
- Center for Cancer Immunology Research, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Yanwen Wang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bin Li
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Fan Pan
- Center for Cancer Immunology Research, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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Martínez-Shio EB, Marín-Jáuregui LS, Rodríguez-Ortega AC, Doníz-Padilla LM, González-Amaro R, Escobedo-Uribe CD, Monsiváis-Urenda AE. Regulatory T-cell frequency and function in acute myocardial infarction patients and its correlation with ventricular dysfunction. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 216:262-271. [PMID: 38386899 PMCID: PMC11097913 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A high percentage of patients with acute coronary syndrome develop heart failure due to the ischemic event. Regulatory T (Treg) cells are lymphocytes with suppressive capacity that control the immune response and include the conventional CD4+ CD25hi Foxp3+ cells and the CD4+ CD25var CD69+ LAP+ Foxp3- IL-10+ cells. No human follow-up studies focus on Treg cells' behavior after infarction and their possible relationship with ventricular function as a sign of postischemic cardiac remodeling. This study aimed to analyze, by flow cytometry, the circulating levels of CD69+ Treg cells and CD4+ CD25hi Foxp3+ cells, their IL-10+ production as well as their function in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and its possible relation with ventricular dysfunction. We found a significant difference in the percentage of CD4+ CD25hi Foxp3+ cells and IL-10+ MFI in patients with AMI at 72 hours compared with the healthy control group, and the levels of these cells were reduced 6 months post-AMI. Regarding the suppressive function of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory cells, they were dysfunctional at 3 and 6 months post-AMI. The frequency of CD69+ Treg cells was similar between patients with AMI at 72 hours postinfarction and the control groups. Moreover, the frequency of CD69+ Treg cells at 3 and 6 months postischemic event did not vary over time. Treg cells play a role in regulating inflammation after an AMI, and its function may be compromised in this pathology. This work is the first report to evaluate CD69+ Foxp3- Treg cells in AMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Berenice Martínez-Shio
- Medicina Molecular y Traslacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Laura Sherell Marín-Jáuregui
- Medicina Molecular y Traslacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Alma Celeste Rodríguez-Ortega
- Medicina Molecular y Traslacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Lesly Marsol Doníz-Padilla
- Medicina Molecular y Traslacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Roberto González-Amaro
- Medicina Molecular y Traslacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | | | - Adriana Elizabeth Monsiváis-Urenda
- Medicina Molecular y Traslacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
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Jiang B, Ye X, Wang W, He J, Zhang S, Zhang S, Bao L, Xu X. Comprehensive assessment of regulatory T-cells-related scoring system for predicting the prognosis, immune microenvironment and therapeutic response in hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:5288-5310. [PMID: 38461439 PMCID: PMC11006487 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play important roles in tumor immunosuppression and immune escape. The aim of the present study was to construct a novel Tregs-associated biomarker for the prediction of tumour immune microenvironment (TIME), clinical outcomes, and individualised treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Single-cell sequencing data were obtained from the three independent cohorts. Cox and LASSO regression were utilised to develop the Tregs Related Scoring System (TRSSys). GSE140520, ICGC-LIRI and CHCC cohorts were used for the validation of TRSSys. Kaplan-Meier, ROC, and Cox regression were utilised for the evaluation of TRSSys. The ESTIMATE, TIMER 2.0, and ssGSEA algorithm were utilised to determine the value of TRSSys in predicting the TIME. GSVA, GO, KEGG, and TMB analyses were used for mechanistic exploration. Finally, the value of TRSSys in predicting drug sensitivity was evaluated based on the oncoPredict algorithm. RESULTS Comprehensive validation showed that TRSSys had good prognostic predictive efficacy and applicability. Additionally, ssGSEA, TIMER and ESTIMATE algorithm suggested that TRSSys could help to distinguish different TIME subtypes and determine the beneficiary population of immunotherapy. Finally, the oncoPredict algorithm suggests that TRSSys provides a basis for individualised treatment. CONCLUSIONS TRSSys constructed in the current study is a novel HCC prognostic prediction biomarker with good predictive efficacy and stability. Additionally, risk stratification based on TRSSys can help to identify the TIME landscape subtypes and provide a basis for individualized treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bitao Jiang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Beilun District People’s Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ye
- Radiotherapy Department, The Second People’s Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Beilun District People’s Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiajia He
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ningbo Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- Pharmacy Department, Beilun District People’s Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Beilun District People’s Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Lingling Bao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Beilun District People’s Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Beilun District People’s Hospital, Ningbo, China
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De Groot AS, Khan S, Mattei AE, Lelias S, Martin WD. Does human homology reduce the potential immunogenicity of non-antibody scaffolds? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1215939. [PMID: 38022550 PMCID: PMC10664710 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1215939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biologics developers are moving beyond antibodies for delivery of a wide range of therapeutic interventions. These non-antibody modalities are often based on 'natural' protein scaffolds that are modified to deliver bioactive sequences. Both human-derived and non-human-sourced scaffold proteins have been developed. New types of "non-antibody" scaffolds are still being discovered, as they offer attractive alternatives to monoclonals due to their smaller size, improved stability, and ease of synthesis. They are believed to have low immunogenic potential. However, while several human-sourced protein scaffolds have not been immunogenic in clinical studies, this may not predict their overall performance in other therapeutic applications. A preliminary evaluation of their potential for immunogenicity is warranted. Immunogenicity risk potential has been clearly linked to the presence of T "helper" epitopes in the sequence of biologic therapeutics. In addition, tolerogenic epitopes are present in some human proteins and may decrease their immunogenic potential. While the detailed sequences of many non-antibody scaffold therapeutic candidates remain unpublished, their backbone sequences are available for review and analysis. We assessed 12 example non-antibody scaffold backbone sequences using our epitope-mapping tools (EpiMatrix) for this perspective. Based on EpiMatrix scoring, their HLA DRB1-restricted T cell epitope content appears to be lower than the average protein, and sequences that may act as tolerogenic epitopes are present in selected human-derived scaffolds. Assessing the potential immunogenicity of scaffold proteins regarding self and non-self T cell epitopes may be of use for drug developers and clinicians, as these exciting new non-antibody molecules begin to emerge from the preclinical pipeline into clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne S. De Groot
- EpiVax, Providence, RI, United States
- University of Georgia, Center for Vaccines and Immunology, Athens, GA, United States
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Ni D, Tan J, Robert R, Taitz J, Ge A, Potier-Villette C, Reyes JGA, Spiteri A, Wishart C, Mackay C, Piccio L, King NJC, Macia L. GPR109A expressed on medullary thymic epithelial cells affects thymic Treg development. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350521. [PMID: 37595951 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) maintain immune homeostasis due to their anti-inflammatory functions. They can be generated either centrally in the thymus or in peripheral organs. Metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids produced by intestinal microbiota can induce peripheral Treg differentiation, by activating G-protein-coupled-receptors like GPR109A. In this study, we identified a novel role for GPR109A in thymic Treg development. We found that Gpr109a-/- mice had increased Treg under basal conditions in multiple organs compared with WT mice. GPR109A was not expressed on T cells but on medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs), as revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing in both mice and humans and confirmed by flow cytometry in mice. mTECs isolated from Gpr109a-/- mice had higher expression of autoimmune regulator (AIRE), the key regulator of Treg development, while the subset of mTECs that did not express Gpr109a in the WT displayed increased Aire expression and also enhanced signaling related to mTEC functionality. Increased thymic Treg in Gpr109a-/- mice was associated with protection from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, with ameliorated clinical signs and reduced inflammation. This work identifies a novel role for GPR109A and possibly the gut microbiota, on thymic Treg development via its regulation of mTECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Ni
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jian Tan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Remy Robert
- Department of Physiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jemma Taitz
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anjie Ge
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Camille Potier-Villette
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julen Gabirel Araneta Reyes
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alanna Spiteri
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research Theme, The School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claire Wishart
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research Theme, The School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Charles Mackay
- Department of Physiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura Piccio
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nicholas Jonathan Cole King
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research Theme, The School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laurence Macia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Cytometry, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Kang SJ, Gu NY, Byeon JS, Hyun BH, Lee J, Yang DK. Immunomodulatory effects of canine mesenchymal stem cells in an experimental atopic dermatitis model. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1201382. [PMID: 37529178 PMCID: PMC10390254 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1201382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to differentiate into multi-lineage cells, suggesting their future applicability in regenerative medicine and biotechnology. The immunomodulatory properties of MSCs make them a promising replacement therapy in various fields of animal research including in canine atopic dermatitis (AD), a skin disease with 10-15% prevalence. We investigated the immunomodulatory effects of MSCs in an experimental canine AD model induced by Dermatophagoides farinae extract ointment. Canine adipose tissue-derived MSCs (cAT-MSCs) were differentiated into mesodermal cell lineages at the third passage. Alterations in immunomodulatory factors in control, AD, and MSC-treated AD groups were evaluated using flow cytometric analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and quantitative reverse transcription PCR. In the MSC-treated AD group, the number of eosinophils decreased, and the number of regulatory T cells (Tregs) increased compared to those in the AD group. In addition, the immunoglobulin E (IgE) and prostaglandin E2 levels were reduced in the MSC-treated AD group compared to those in the AD group. Furthermore, the filaggrin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and interleukin-5 gene expression levels were relatively higher in the MSC-treated AD group than in the AD group, however, not significantly. cAT-MSCs exerted immunomodulatory effects in an AD canine model via a rebalancing of type-1 and -2 T helper cells that correlated with increased levels of Tregs, IgE, and various cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Jin Kang
- Viral Diseases Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Yeon Gu
- Viral Diseases Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Su Byeon
- Viral Diseases Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bang-Hun Hyun
- Viral Diseases Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jienny Lee
- Division of Regenerative Medicine Safety Management, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kun Yang
- Viral Diseases Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
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Iriki H, Mukai M, Asahina Y, Kubo Y, Ito H, Amagai M, Takahashi H. Attenuation of OX40 signaling suppression by age disrupts peripheral deletion of CD4 + T cells specific for the epidermal autoantigen desmoglein 3. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:26. [PMID: 37308897 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00353-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Various autoimmune responses increase with age, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. In this study, we used CD4+ T cells expressing a transgenic T cell receptor specific for desmoglein 3 (Dsg3), which is the target antigen of the autoimmune bullous disease pemphigus vulgaris, to examine how peripheral immunological tolerance against pathogenic autoreactive CD4+ T cells changes with age. Dsg3-specific T cells were deleted within 14 days after adoptive transfer into young mice (8 weeks old), while they escaped deletion when transferred into older mice over 42 weeks old. Dsg3-specific T cells produced higher levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ in aged mice than in young mice. In addition, the expression levels of both OX40 and Birc5, which are important for cell survival in T cell clonal proliferation, were higher in aged than in young mice. The dysfunction in suppressing proinflammatory cytokine secretion and Birc5 upregulation in Dsg3-specific autoreactive T cells may reflect an aspect of the preliminary steps in autoimmune disease development in the aged population. Understanding this mechanism may lead to better risk evaluation of autoimmune disease development and to onset prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Iriki
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Miho Mukai
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Asahina
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoko Kubo
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masayuki Amagai
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Laboratory for Skin Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-Cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hayato Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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Shnayder NA, Ashkhotov AV, Trefilova VV, Nurgaliev ZA, Novitsky MA, Petrova MM, Narodova EA, Al-Zamil M, Chumakova GA, Garganeeva NP, Nasyrova RF. Molecular Basic of Pharmacotherapy of Cytokine Imbalance as a Component of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097692. [PMID: 37175399 PMCID: PMC10178334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and associated conditions are an important problem in modern medicine. The onset of IDD may be in childhood and adolescence in patients with a genetic predisposition. With age, IDD progresses, leading to spondylosis, spondylarthrosis, herniated disc, spinal canal stenosis. One of the leading mechanisms in the development of IDD and chronic back pain is an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, classical therapeutic strategies for correcting cytokine imbalance in IDD do not give the expected response in more than half of the cases. The purpose of this review is to update knowledge about new and promising therapeutic strategies based on the correction of the molecular mechanisms of cytokine imbalance in patients with IDD. This review demonstrates that knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of the imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines may be a new key to finding more effective drugs for the treatment of IDD in the setting of acute and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Shnayder
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Shared Core Facilities "Molecular and Cell Technologies", V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Azamat V Ashkhotov
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vera V Trefilova
- Department of Neurology, Hospital for War Veterans, 193079 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Zaitun A Nurgaliev
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Neurology, Hospital for War Veterans, 193079 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maxim A Novitsky
- Department of Neurology, Hospital for War Veterans, 193079 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina M Petrova
- Shared Core Facilities "Molecular and Cell Technologies", V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Narodova
- Shared Core Facilities "Molecular and Cell Technologies", V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Mustafa Al-Zamil
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Continuing Medical Education, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina A Chumakova
- Department of Therapy and General Medical Practice with a Course of Postgraduate Professional Education, Altai State Medical University, 656038 Barnaul, Russia
| | - Natalia P Garganeeva
- Department of General Medical Practice and Outpatient Therapy, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Regina F Nasyrova
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry, Samara State Medical University, 443016 Samara, Russia
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Takahashi H, Iriki H, Asahina Y. T cell autoimmunity and immune regulation to desmoglein 3, a pemphigus autoantigen. J Dermatol 2023; 50:112-123. [PMID: 36539957 PMCID: PMC10107879 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pemphigus is a life-threatening autoimmune bullous disease mediated by anti-desmoglein IgG autoantibodies. Pemphigus is mainly classified into three subtypes: pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceus, and paraneoplastic pemphigus. The pathogenicity of autoantibodies has been extensively studied. Anti-human CD20 antibody therapy targeting B cells emerged as a more effective treatment option compared to conventional therapy for patients with an intractable disease. On the other hand, autoreactive T cells are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis based on the test results of human leukocyte antigen association, autoreactive T cell detection, and cytokine profile analysis. Research on the role of T cells in pemphigus has continued to progress, including that on T follicular helper cells, which initiate molecular mechanisms involved in antibody production in B cells. Autoreactive T cell research in mice has highlighted the crucial roles of cellular autoimmunity and improved the understanding of its pathogenesis, especially in paraneoplastic pemphigus. The mouse research has helped elucidate novel regulatory mechanisms of autoreactive T cells, such as thymic tolerance to desmoglein 3 and the essential roles of regulatory T cells, Langerhans cells, and other molecules in peripheral tissues. This review focuses on the immunological aspects of autoreactive T cells in pemphigus by providing detailed information on various related topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisato Iriki
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Asahina
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Infusion of Some but Not All Types of Human Perinatal Stromal Cells Prevent Organ Fibrosis in a Humanized Graft versus Host Disease Murine Model. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020415. [PMID: 36830951 PMCID: PMC9953740 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic transplant rejection represents a medical complication that leads to high morbidity and mortality rates. There are no treatments to effectively prevent fibrosis; however, there is great interest in evaluating the use of perinatal mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and other MSCs to prevent fibrosis associated with chronic rejection. In this study, we isolated human perinatal stromal cells (PSCs) from amnion (AM-PSC), placental villi (PV-PSC), and umbilical cord (UC-PSC) tissues, demonstrating the phenotypic characteristics of MSCs as well as a >70% expression of the immunomodulatory markers CD273 and CD210. The administration of a single dose (250,000 cells) of each type of PSC in a humanized graft versus host disease (hGvHD) NSG® murine model delayed the progression of the disease as displayed by weight loss and GvHD scores ranging at various levels without affecting the hCD3+ population. However, only PV-PSCs demonstrated an increased survival rate of 50% at the end of the study. Furthermore, a histopathological evaluation showed that only PV-PSC cells could reduce human CD45+ cell infiltration and the fibrosis of the lungs and liver. These findings indicate that not all PSCs have similar therapeutic potential, and that PV-PSC as a cell therapeutic may have an advantage for targeting fibrosis related to allograft rejection.
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11
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Cen L, Yi T, Hao Y, Shi C, Shi X, Lu Y, Chen D, Zhu H. Houttuynia cordata polysaccharides alleviate ulcerative colitis by restoring intestinal homeostasis. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:914-924. [PMID: 36549805 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Houttuynia cordata is traditionally used as phytoantibiotics for treating lung disease in China. Houttuynia cordata polysaccharides (HCPs) have been reported to alleviate influenza virus-induced intestinal and lung immune injury by regulating the gut-lung axis. The present study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of HCPs on ulcerative colitis (UC). Male C57BL/6 mice were induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to establish the UC animal model. Our results showed that HCPs significantly reduced the weight loss and the shortening of colon length in colitis mice, and relieved the pathological damage of colon mucosa and inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, etc. It was suggested that HCPs could significantly improve DSS-induced colitis in mice. HCPs directly protected intestinal epithelial cells, ameliorated epithelial barrier dysfunction and cell apoptosis, which was also proved in H2O2 stimulated cell apoptosis model. HCPs inhibited inflammation in the colon, which was related to suppressing the infiltration of macrophages, inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and proteins (TLR4, NF-κB), and restoring the dysfunction of Th17 and Treg cells. HCPs also restored the alteration of intestinal flora induced by DSS, increased the abundance ofFirmicutes and Bacteroides, and reduced the abundance of Proteobacteria. This study confirmed the protective effect of Houttuynia cordata polysaccharide extracted from traditional Chinese medicine on ulcerative colitis, of which the mechanism was closely related to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis (intestinal barrier, immune cells, and intestinal bacteria).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Cen
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Tong Yi
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yuanzhen Hao
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Chenchen Shi
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Xunlong Shi
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Daofeng Chen
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China.
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China.
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12
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Jeyagaran A, Lu CE, Zbinden A, Birkenfeld AL, Brucker SY, Layland SL. Type 1 diabetes and engineering enhanced islet transplantation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114481. [PMID: 36002043 PMCID: PMC9531713 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of new therapeutic approaches to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) relies on the precise understanding and deciphering of insulin-secreting β-cell biology, as well as the mechanisms responsible for their autoimmune destruction. β-cell or islet transplantation is viewed as a potential long-term therapy for the millions of patients with diabetes. To advance the field of insulin-secreting cell transplantation, two main research areas are currently investigated by the scientific community: (1) the identification of the developmental pathways that drive the differentiation of stem cells into insulin-producing cells, providing an inexhaustible source of cells; and (2) transplantation strategies and engineered transplants to provide protection and enhance the functionality of transplanted cells. In this review, we discuss the biology of pancreatic β-cells, pathology of T1D and current state of β-cell differentiation. We give a comprehensive view and discuss the different possibilities to engineer enhanced insulin-secreting cell/islet transplantation from a translational perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiramy Jeyagaran
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Chuan-En Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Aline Zbinden
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich, Germany
| | - Sara Y Brucker
- Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shannon L Layland
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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13
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Zhou Y, Wang T, Zhao X, Wang J, Wang Q. Plasma Metabolites and Gut Microbiota Are Associated With T cell Imbalance in BALB/c Model of Eosinophilic Asthma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:819747. [PMID: 35662725 PMCID: PMC9157759 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.819747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of allergic asthma is complex, it is usually caused by immune system imbalance. Th1, Th2, regulatory T cells (Treg) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells have an important role in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic asthma. Yet, the exact role of Th1, Th2, Treg and Th17 cells in eosinophilic asthmatic disease is not fully understood. This study used an untargeted plasma metabolomics combine 16S rDNA technology to identify new biomarkers of plasma metabolites and gut microbiota in ovalbumin-induced eosinophilic allergic asthma in BALB/c mice to further explore the biomarkers in regulating the immune balance or the immune response. We discovered that malate, l-dihydroorotate were associated with Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 cells balance, imidazoleacetic acid was associated with Th1/Th2 cell balance, 1,5-anhydro-d-sorbitol was associated with Treg/Th17 cell balance. The results also found that genus Candidatus Arthromitus of gut microbiota were associated with Th1/2, Treg/Th17 balance, genus Ruminiclostridium 6, they were all associated with Th1/2 and Treg/Th17 cell balance, while the gut microbiota were not associated with penh value which reflect airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in the eosinophilic asthma mice model. Interestingly, the plasma metabolite biomarkers of malate, l-dihydroorotate are associated with genus Ruminiclostridium 6, they were all associated with Th1/2 and Treg/Th17 cell balance, while imidazoleacetic acid is associated with genus Ruminiclostridium 6 which is associated with Th1/2 balance. Among the differential plasma metabolites, 1,5-anhydro-d-sorbitol is associated with genus Ruminiclostridium 6 and genus Candidatus Arthromitus. Among them, malate participate in the T cell activation, T cell differentiation and activation may be a new research direction in eosinophilic allergic asthma. We firstly study the gut microbiota and plasma metabolites markers of immune balance in eosinophilic asthma in mice model, laying a foundation for drug treatment in eosinophilic allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Zhou
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tieshan Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Wang
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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14
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Muralidhara P, Sood V, Vinayak Ashok V, Bansal K. Pregnancy and Tumour: The Parallels and Differences in Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:866937. [PMID: 35493450 PMCID: PMC9043683 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.866937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological tolerance plays a critical role during pregnancy as semi-allogeneic fetus must be protected from immune responses during the gestational period. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), a subpopulation of CD4+ T cells that express transcription factor Foxp3, are central to the maintenance of immunological tolerance and prevention of autoimmunity. Tregs are also known to accumulate at placenta in uterus during pregnancy, and they confer immunological tolerance at maternal-fetal interface by controlling the immune responses against alloantigens. Thus, uterine Tregs help in maintaining an environment conducive for survival of the fetus during gestation, and low frequency or dysfunction of Tregs is associated with recurrent spontaneous abortions and other pregnancy-related complications such as preeclampsia. Interestingly, there are many parallels in the development of placenta and solid tumours, and the tumour microenvironment is considered to be somewhat similar to that at maternal-fetal interface. Moreover, Tregs play a largely similar role in tumour immunity as they do at placenta- they create a tolerogenic system and suppress the immune responses against the cells within tumour and at maternal-fetal interface. In this review, we discuss the role of Tregs in supporting the proper growth of the embryo during pregnancy. We also highlight the similarities and differences between Tregs at maternal-fetal interface and tumour Tregs, in an attempt to draw a comparison between their roles in these two physiologic and pathologic states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kushagra Bansal
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit (MBGU), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore, India
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15
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Abstract
Immune principles formulated by Jenner, Pasteur, and early immunologists served as fundamental propositions for vaccine discovery against many dreadful pathogens. However, decisive success in the form of an efficacious vaccine still eludes for diseases such as tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis. Several antileishmanial vaccine trials have been undertaken in past decades incorporating live, attenuated, killed, or subunit vaccination, but the goal remains unmet. In light of the above facts, we have to reassess the principles of vaccination by dissecting factors associated with the hosts' immune response. This chapter discusses the pathogen-associated perturbations at various junctures during the generation of the immune response which inhibits antigenic processing, presentation, or remodels memory T cell repertoire. This can lead to ineffective priming or inappropriate activation of memory T cells during challenge infection. Thus, despite a protective primary response, vaccine failure can occur due to altered immune environments in the presence of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunil Kumar
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Bhaskar Saha
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
- Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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16
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Katzke VA, Le Cornet C, Mahfouz R, Brauer B, Johnson T, Canzian F, Rebours V, Boutron-Ruault MC, Severi G, Schulze MB, Olsen A, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Crous-Bou M, Molina-Montes E, Amiano P, Huerta JM, Ardanaz E, Perez-Cornago A, Masala G, Pala V, Tumino R, Sacerdote C, Panico S, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Vermeulen R, Sund M, Franklin O, Christakoudi S, Dossus L, Weiderpass E, Olek S, Kaaks R. Are Circulating Immune Cells a Determinant of Pancreatic Cancer Risk? A Prospective Study Using Epigenetic Cell Count Measures. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:2179-2187. [PMID: 34548327 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence is accumulating that immune cells play a prominent role in pancreatic cancer etiology but prospective investigations are missing. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study with 502 pairs of incident pancreatic cancer cases and matched controls. Relative counts of circulating immune cells (neutrophils and lymphocyte sublineages: total CD3+, CD8+, CD4+, and FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) relative to nucleated cells, (white blood cells) were measured by qRT-PCR. ORs with 95% confidence intervals were estimated using logistic regressions, modeling relative counts of immune cells on a continuous scale. RESULTS Neither relative counts of immune cell types taken individually, nor mutually adjusted for each other were associated with pancreatic cancer risks. However, in subgroup analyses by strata of lag-time, higher relative counts of Tregs and lower relative counts of CD8+ were significantly associated with an increased pancreatic cancer risks in participants diagnosed within the first 5 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS These results might reflect reverse causation, due to higher relative counts of Tregs and lower counts of CD8+ cells among individuals with more advanced stages of latent pancreatic cancer, who are closer to the point of developing clinical manifest disease. IMPACT We have shown, for the first time, that increased relative counts of regulatory T cells and lower relative counts of CD8+, cytotoxic T cells may be associated with pancreatic cancer risk or relatively late-stage tumor development.See related commentary by Michaud and Kelsey, p. 2176.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena A Katzke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Charlotte Le Cornet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rayaan Mahfouz
- Ivana Türbachova Laboratory for Epigenetics, Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany, Precision for Medicine Group
| | - Bianca Brauer
- Ivana Türbachova Laboratory for Epigenetics, Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany, Precision for Medicine Group
| | - Theron Johnson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vinciane Rebours
- Pancreatology Department, Beaujon Hospital, AP-HP, Clichy, France
- Inserm UMR1149, DHU Unit, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | | | - Gianluca Severi
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" team, CESP, F-94805, Villejuif, France
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications "G. Parenti," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Århus, Århus, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, University of Århus, Århus, Denmark
| | - Marta Crous-Bou
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) - Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL). L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Esther Molina-Montes
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix," Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - José María Huerta
- CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford UK
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network - ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Valeria Pala
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, Provincial Health Authority (ASP 7) Ragusa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Former senior scientist, Dept. for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Malin Sund
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Oskar Franklin
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Sofia Christakoudi
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, St Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laure Dossus
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Director, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Sven Olek
- Ivana Türbachova Laboratory for Epigenetics, Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany, Precision for Medicine Group
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC) Heidelberg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
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Mohseni YR, Saleem A, Tung SL, Dudreuilh C, Lang C, Peng Q, Volpe A, Adigbli G, Cross A, Hester J, Farzaneh F, Scotta C, Lechler RI, Issa F, Fruhwirth GO, Lombardi G. Chimeric antigen receptor-modified human regulatory T cells that constitutively express IL-10 maintain their phenotype and are potently suppressive. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2522-2530. [PMID: 34320225 PMCID: PMC8581768 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinical trials of Treg therapy in transplantation are currently entering phases IIa and IIb, with the majority of these employing polyclonal Treg populations that harbor a broad specificity. Enhancing Treg specificity is possible with the use of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which can be customized to respond to a specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA). In this study, we build on our previous work in the development of HLA-A2 CAR-Tregs by further equipping cells with the constitutive expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and an imaging reporter as additional payloads. Cells were engineered to express combinations of these domains and assessed for phenotype and function. Cells expressing the full construct maintained a stable phenotype after transduction, were specifically activated by HLA-A2, and suppressed alloresponses potently. The addition of IL-10 provided an additional advantage to suppressive capacity. This study therefore provides an important proof-of-principle for this cell engineering approach for next-generation Treg therapy in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin R. Mohseni
- MRC Centre for Transplantation ImmunologySchool of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Adeel Saleem
- MRC Centre for Transplantation ImmunologySchool of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College LondonLondonUK
- Imaging Therapies and Cancer GroupComprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, King's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Haematology and Precision MedicineKings College HospitalLondonUK
| | - Sim L. Tung
- MRC Centre for Transplantation ImmunologySchool of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Caroline Dudreuilh
- MRC Centre for Transplantation ImmunologySchool of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Cameron Lang
- Imaging Therapies and Cancer GroupComprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Qi Peng
- MRC Centre for Transplantation ImmunologySchool of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Alessia Volpe
- Imaging Therapies and Cancer GroupComprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - George Adigbli
- Transplantation Research & Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical SciencesUniversity of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amy Cross
- Transplantation Research & Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical SciencesUniversity of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joanna Hester
- Transplantation Research & Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical SciencesUniversity of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Farzin Farzaneh
- Department of Haematological MedicineSchool of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Cristiano Scotta
- MRC Centre for Transplantation ImmunologySchool of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Robert I. Lechler
- MRC Centre for Transplantation ImmunologySchool of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Fadi Issa
- Transplantation Research & Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical SciencesUniversity of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gilbert O. Fruhwirth
- Imaging Therapies and Cancer GroupComprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- MRC Centre for Transplantation ImmunologySchool of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College LondonLondonUK
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18
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Xin L, He F, Li S, Zhou ZX, Ma XL. Intestinal microbiota and juvenile idiopathic arthritis: current understanding and future prospective. World J Pediatr 2021; 17:40-51. [PMID: 32533534 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-020-00371-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) characterized by arthritis of unknown origin is the most common childhood chronic rheumatic disease, caused by both host genetic factors and environmental triggers. Recent evidence has mounted to focus on the intestinal microbiota, a potentially recognized set of environmental triggers affecting JIA development. Here we offer an overview of recently published animal and human studies that support the impact of intestinal microbiota in JIA. DATA SOURCES We searched PubMed for animal and human studies publications with the search terms "intestinal microbiota or gut microbiota" and "juvenile idiopathic arthritis or juvenile chronic arthritis or juvenile rheumatoid arthritis or childhood rheumatoid arthritis or pediatric rheumatoid arthritis". RESULTS Several comparative studies have demonstrated that intestinal microbial alterations might be triggers in disease pathogenesis. Alternatively, a slice of studies has suggested environmental triggers in early life might disrupt intestinal microbial colonization, including cesarean section, formula feeding, and antibiotic exposure. Aberrant intestinal microbiota may influence the development of JIA by mediating host immune programming and by altering mucosal permeability. CONCLUSIONS Specific microbial factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of JIA. Intensive studies, however, are warranted to investigate the causality between intestinal dysbiosis and JIA and the mechanisms behind these epidemiologic relationships. Studies are also needed to design the best interventional administrations to restore balanced intestinal microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Xin
- Gynecological Minimal Invasive Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng He
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Yabao Road No. 2, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Yabao Road No. 2, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Xuan Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
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19
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Iriki H, Mukai M, Ito H, Kurebayashi Y, Amagai M, Takahashi H. Imiquimod-induced dermatitis impairs thymic tolerance of autoreactive CD4 + T cells to desmoglein 3. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 100:166-174. [PMID: 33023784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thymus plays an essential role in removing autoreactive T cells. Autoantigen-expressing thymic epithelial cells (TECs) contribute to the tolerogenic process. The thymus transiently shrinks as an acute thymic involution (ATI) under various inflammatory conditions. However, whether ATI occurs during local skin inflammation remains unclear, as does its influence on thymic immune tolerance. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether imiquimod-induced dermatitis causes ATI and impairs thymic immune tolerance against desmoglein 3 (Dsg3), an epidermal autoantigen of pemphigus vulgaris. METHODS 5% imiquimod cream was applied daily, at 62.5 mg/day (high dose group) or 31.25 mg/day (low dose group), for 1 week on the back of wild-type mice, and to wild-type mice that had undergone bone-marrow transplantation from Dsg3-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) transgenic-Rag2-/- mice. Next, thymocytes, TECs and other immune cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. TEC-associated Dsg3 expression was also analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Thymus weight and thymocyte number in all developmental stages decreased in a dose-dependent manner under imiquimod-induced dermatitis. The number of total TECs, specifically medullary, but not cortical, TECs, decreased in high and low dose groups. Accordingly, the number of Dsg3-experssing UEA-1+keratin 5+mTEC decreased in the thymus during imiquimod-induced dermatitis. Although Dsg3-sepcific transgenic thymocytes was usually deleted in the thymus under physiological condition by central tolerance, Dsg3-sepcific transgenic CD4+CD8- thymocytes significantly increased in number under imiquimod-induced dermatitis. CONCLUSION These findings indicate a crosstalk between skin and thymus in adult mice and suggest that skin inflammation may impair thymic tolerance to autoantigens, such as Dsg3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Iriki
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Mukai
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kurebayashi
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Amagai
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Skin Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hayato Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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20
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Alves LV, Martins SR, Simões E Silva AC, Cardoso CN, Gomes KB, Mota APL. TNF, IL-6, and IL-10 cytokines levels and their polymorphisms in renal function and time after transplantation. Immunol Res 2020; 68:246-254. [PMID: 32808189 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-020-09147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine polymorphisms can influence their plasma levels and thus affect the immune response in renal transplantation. A total of 146 renal transplant recipients (RTR) were classified into groups according to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (R1: < 60 and R2: ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) and time after transplantation (T1: 1 to 24, T2: 25 to 60, T3: 61 to 120, and T4: > 120 months after transplantation). The polymorphisms were genotyped by single specific primer-polymerase chain reaction. IL-10 was measured by ELISA and IL-6, and TNF levels were determined using Miliplex®. A higher frequency of the - 308G allele and the - 308G/G genotype, low-producer, was observed in the R1 group compared with R2. In addition, a higher frequency of the - 308A carriers, high-producer, was found in the R2 group. However, no significant difference was observed in cytokine levels when both groups were compared. Higher levels of IL-6 were observed in T1 compared with T2 and T4 groups. Lower IL-6 levels were found in T2 compared with T3 group. Lower levels of IL-10 were also found in T1 group in relation to T2, while higher levels of this cytokine were observed in T2 group compared with T3. The results suggest that the - 308G > A polymorphism in the TNF gene is associated with filtration function after renal transplantation, and IL-6 and IL-10 levels change according to the time after transplantation. Thus, the joint evaluation of - 308G > A polymorphism in TNF gene and IL-6 and IL-10 levels would provide a broader and effective view on the clinical monitoring of RTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Vieira Alves
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270901, Brazil
| | - Suellen Rodrigues Martins
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270901, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões E Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carolina Neris Cardoso
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270901, Brazil
| | - Karina Braga Gomes
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270901, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Lucas Mota
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270901, Brazil.
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21
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Kaneko K, Akagawa S, Akagawa Y, Kimata T, Tsuji S. Our Evolving Understanding of Kawasaki Disease Pathogenesis: Role of the Gut Microbiota. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1616. [PMID: 32793240 PMCID: PMC7393004 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) was first described by Dr. Tomisaku Kawasaki in 1967. The etiology of KD has been studied comprehensively but remains largely unknown. The disease seems to result from the interplay of genetic and environmental susceptibility factors with infectious triggers, followed by a subsequent abnormal immune response characterized by increased levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines during the acute phase. Evidence has mounted to suggest that an imbalance between T helper 17 cells (Th17s) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) is associated with aberrant immune responses in KD. Recent advances in culture-independent techniques for detection and identification of intestinal commensal bacteria enabled the discovery that Th17 and Treg differentiation are regulated by short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), in particular butyrate, produced by the gut microbiota. This finding provided a mechanistic link between dysbiosis, defined as changes in the composition of the gut microbiota, and various inflammatory diseases. On this basis, we propose that dysbiosis, with reduced production of SCFAs leading to imbalances of Th17s/Tregs, could be involved in the etiology of KD. A pilot study supported this hypothesis, as only fecal concentrations of butyrate were significantly reduced in KD patients among SCFAs. This evolving perspective prompted us to undertake metagenomic analyses of bacterial DNA from the feces of KD patients who were antibiotic-naïve at diagnosis. Simultaneous measurements of Th17s/Tregs in peripheral blood and SCFA concentrations in feces would provide valuable information regarding the association between dysbiosis and dysregulated immune responses in KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Kaneko
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shohei Akagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Akagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kimata
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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22
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Ohkura N, Sakaguchi S. Transcriptional and epigenetic basis of Treg cell development and function: its genetic anomalies or variations in autoimmune diseases. Cell Res 2020; 30:465-474. [PMID: 32367041 PMCID: PMC7264322 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally arising regulatory CD4+ T (Treg) cells, which specifically express the transcription factor FoxP3 in the nucleus and CD25 and CTLA-4 on the cell surface, are a T-cell subpopulation specialized for immune suppression, playing a key role in maintaining immunological self-tolerance and homeostasis. FoxP3 is required for Treg function, especially for its suppressive activity. However, FoxP3 expression per se is not necessary for Treg cell lineage commitment in the thymus and insufficient for full Treg-type gene expression in mature Treg cells. It is Treg-specific epigenetic changes such as CpG demethylation and histone modification that can confer a stable and heritable pattern of Treg type gene expression on developing Treg cells in a FoxP3-independent manner. Anomalies in the formation of Treg-specific epigenome, in particular, Treg-specific super-enhancers, which largely include Treg-specific DNA demethylated regions, are indeed able to cause autoimmune diseases in rodents. Furthermore, in humans, single nucleotide polymorphisms in Treg-specific DNA demethylated regions associated with Treg signature genes, such as IL2RA (CD25) and CTLA4, can affect the development and function of naïve Treg cells rather than effector T cells. Such genetic variations are therefore causative of polygenic common autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis via affecting endogenous natural Treg cells. These findings on the transcription factor network with FoxP3 at a key position as well as Treg-specific epigenetic landscape facilitate our understanding of Treg cell development and function, and can be exploited to prepare functionally stable FoxP3-expressing Treg cells from antigen-specific conventional T cells to treat autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naganari Ohkura
- Experimental immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Experimental immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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23
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Le Cornet C, Schildknecht K, Rossello Chornet A, Fortner RT, González Maldonado S, Katzke VA, Kühn T, Johnson T, Olek S, Kaaks R. Circulating Immune Cell Composition and Cancer Risk: A Prospective Study Using Epigenetic Cell Count Measures. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1885-1892. [PMID: 32075798 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although ample evidence indicates that immune cell homeostasis is an important prognostic outcome determinant in patients with cancer, few studies have examined whether it also determines cancer risk among initially healthy individuals. We performed a case-cohort study including incident cases of breast (n = 207), colorectal (n = 111), lung (n = 70), and prostate (n = 201) cancer as well as a subcohort (n = 465) within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Heidelberg cohort. Relative counts of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocyte sublineages were measured by qRT-PCR. HRs and 95% confidence intervals were used to measure the associations between relative counts of immune cell and cancer risks. When relative counts of immune cell types were taken individually, a significant positive association was observed between relative counts of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and lung cancer risk, and significant inverse associations were observed between relative CD8+ counts and risks of lung and breast cancer (overall and ER+ subtype). Multivariable models with mutual adjustments across immune markers showed further significant positive associations between higher relative FOXP3+ T-cell counts and increased risks of colorectal and breast cancer (overall and ER- subtype). No associations were found between immune cell composition and prostate cancer risk. These results affirm the relevance of elevated FOXP3+ Tregs and lower levels of cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells as risk factors for tumor development. SIGNIFICANCE: This epidemiologic study supports a role for both regulatory and cytotoxic T cells in determining cancer risk among healthy individuals.See related commentary by Song and Tworoger, p. 1801.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Le Cornet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Schildknecht
- Ivana Türbachova Laboratory for Epigenetics, Precision for Medicine Group, Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Araceli Rossello Chornet
- Ivana Türbachova Laboratory for Epigenetics, Precision for Medicine Group, Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Renée T Fortner
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Verena A Katzke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Theron Johnson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Olek
- Ivana Türbachova Laboratory for Epigenetics, Precision for Medicine Group, Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC) Heidelberg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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Wang YX, Gu ZW, Cao ZW. Difference between CD25 +Tregs and Helios +Tregs in a murine model of allergic rhinitis. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 87:550-556. [PMID: 31974056 PMCID: PMC9422529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Regulatory T or Treg cells, balance the peripheral immune response to allergens in allergic rhinitis. Traditionally, Treg (CD25+ Treg) is identified by the coexpression of Foxp3 and CD25, but this strategy does not represent the true inhibitory function of Treg cells. Helios has been thought of as novel marker of activated Tregs, with an important inhibitory function. Consequently, Helios was proposed as a marker of Treg. Recent articles have shown that Foxp3 and Helios co-expression (Helios+Tregs) is an important functional stage of Treg. Objective To compare the prevalence of CD25+Tregs and Helios+Tregs using a mouse model of allergic rhinitis. Methods Twenty mice were randomized into two groups. The test group comprised 10 allergic rhinitis model mice exposed to ovalbumin; the control group was exposed to saline. The fractions of CD25+Tregs, Helios+Tregs, Helios+CD25+, and Helios+Foxp3+CD25+Tregs present in the two groups were determined using flow cytometry. Results CD25+Tregs and Helios+Tregs were less abundant in the spleen and nasal mucosa cells of the allergic rhinitis model compared with the control. We also observed fewer Helios+Tregs than CD25+Tregs in nasal mucosa and splenic cells of both control and test groups. Moreover, we observed fewer Helios+Foxp3+, Helios+CD25+, and Helios+Foxp3+CD25+ Tregs in the nasal mucosa in the allergic rhinitis model. Helios was expressed the most in CD4+ CD25+Foxp3+ T-cells, followed by CD4+ CD25−Foxp3− T-cells. Approximately 75% of CD25+Tregs were Helios+ in spleens of allergic rhinitis and control mice. Conclusion This is the first report of the proportions of Helios+Tregs in nasal mucosa and spleens of allergic rhinitis mice. Gating true inhibitory Tregs with the coexpression of Foxp3 and Helios might be more useful than relying on the expression of CD25. This study provides a new insight for Treg studies of allergic rhinitis, and the potential utility of the marker as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Xiu Wang
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Department of Medical Insurance, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhao-Wei Gu
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Zhi-Wei Cao
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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25
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Gokhale AS, Gangaplara A, Lopez-Occasio M, Thornton AM, Shevach EM. Selective deletion of Eos (Ikzf4) in T-regulatory cells leads to loss of suppressive function and development of systemic autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2019; 105:102300. [PMID: 31296356 PMCID: PMC11046398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Eos (lkzf4) is a member of the Ikaros family of transcription factors and is preferentially expressed in T-regulatory (Treg) cells. However, the role of Eos in Treg function is controversial. One study using siRNA knock down of Eos demonstrated that it was critical for Treg suppressor function. In contrast, Treg from mice with a global deficiency of Eos had normal Treg function in vitro and in vivo. To further dissect the function of Eos in Tregs, we generated mice with a conditional knock out of Eos in Treg cells (lkzf4fl/fl X Foxp3YFP-cre, Eos cKO). Deletion of Eos in Treg resulted in activation of CD4+Foxp3- and CD8+ T cells at the age of 3 months, cellular infiltration in non-lymphoid tissues, hyperglobulinemia, and anti-nuclear antibodies. While Tregs from Eos cKO mice displayed normal suppressive function in vitro, Eos cKO mice developed severe Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyletis (EAE) following immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and Eos cKO Treg were unable to suppress Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Eos cKO mice had decreased growth of the transplantable murine adenocarcinoma MC38 tumor accompanied by enhanced IFN-γ/TNF-α production by CD8+ T cells in tumor draining lymph nodes. Mice with a global deficiency of Eos or a deficiency of Eos only in T cells developed autoimmunity at a much older age (12 months or 7-8 months, respectively). Taken together, Eos appears to play an essential role in multiple aspects of Treg suppressor function, but also plays an as yet unknown role in the function of CD4+Foxp3- and CD8+ T cells and potentially in non-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya S Gokhale
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Arunakumar Gangaplara
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Maria Lopez-Occasio
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Angela M Thornton
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ethan M Shevach
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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26
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Ge Y, Böhm HH, Rathinasamy A, Xydia M, Hu X, Pincha M, Umansky L, Breyer C, Hillier M, Bonertz A, Sevko A, Domschke C, Schuetz F, Frebel H, Dettling S, Herold-Mende C, Reissfelder C, Weitz J, Umansky V, Beckhove P. Tumor-Specific Regulatory T Cells from the Bone Marrow Orchestrate Antitumor Immunity in Breast Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1998-2012. [PMID: 31672785 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous antitumor effector T-cell responses and immune-suppressive regulatory T cells (Treg) critically influence the prognosis of patients with cancer, yet many of the mechanisms of how this occurs remain unresolved. On the basis of an analysis of the function, antigen specificity, and distribution of tumor antigen-reactive T cells and Tregs in patients with breast cancer and transgenic mouse tumor models, we showed that tumor-specific Tregs were selectively activated in the bone marrow (BM) and egressed into the peripheral blood. The BM was constantly depleted of tumor-specific Tregs and was instead a site of increased induction and activity of tumor-reactive effector/memory T cells. Treg egress from the BM was associated with activation-induced expression of peripheral homing receptors such as CCR2. Because breast cancer tissues express the CCR2 ligand CCL2, the activation and egress of tumor antigen-specific Tregs in the BM resulted in the accumulation of Tregs in breast tumor tissue. Such immune compartmentalization and redistribution of T-cell subpopulations between the BM and peripheral tissues were achieved by vaccination with adenoviral vector-encoded TRP-2 tumor antigen in a RET transgenic mouse model of spontaneous malignant melanoma. Thus, the BM simultaneously represented a source of tumor-infiltrating Tregs and a site for the induction of endogenous tumor-specific effector T-cell responses, suggesting that both antitumor immunity and local immune suppression are orchestrated in the BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Ge
- Translational Immunology Department, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Böhm
- Translational Immunology Department, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anchana Rathinasamy
- Translational Immunology Department, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University Clinic Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria Xydia
- Translational Immunology Department, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University Clinic Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Xiaoying Hu
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mudita Pincha
- Translational Immunology Department, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ludmila Umansky
- Translational Immunology Department, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Breyer
- Translational Immunology Department, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hillier
- Translational Immunology Department, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Bonertz
- Translational Immunology Department, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Sevko
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Domschke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Schuetz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helge Frebel
- Translational Immunology Department, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Dettling
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Reissfelder
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Viktor Umansky
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philipp Beckhove
- Translational Immunology Department, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University Clinic Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Hematology-Oncology Department, University Clinic Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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27
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Paluskievicz CM, Cao X, Abdi R, Zheng P, Liu Y, Bromberg JS. T Regulatory Cells and Priming the Suppressive Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2453. [PMID: 31681327 PMCID: PMC6803384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treg play a central role in maintenance of self tolerance and homeostasis through suppression of self-reactive T cell populations. In addition to that role, Treg also survey cancers and suppress anti-tumor immune responses. Thus, understanding the unique attributes of Treg-tumor interactions may permit control of this pathologic suppression without interfering with homeostatic self-tolerance. This review will define the unique role of Treg in cancer growth, and the ways by which Treg inhibit a robust anti-tumor immune response. There will be specific focus placed on Treg homing to the tumor microenvironment (TME), TME formation of induced Treg (iTreg), mechanisms of suppression that underpin cancer immune escape, and trophic nonimmunologic effects of Treg on tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuefang Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Reza Abdi
- Division of Renal Medicine, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pan Zheng
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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28
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Kim HS, Lee MB, Lee D, Min KY, Koo J, Kim HW, Park YH, Kim SJ, Ikutani M, Takaki S, Kim YM, Choi WS. The regulatory B cell-mediated peripheral tolerance maintained by mast cell IL-5 suppresses oxazolone-induced contact hypersensitivity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav8152. [PMID: 31328158 PMCID: PMC6636983 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav8152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The function of regulatory immune cells in peripheral tissues is crucial to the onset and severity of various diseases. Interleukin-10 (IL-10)-producing regulatory B (IL-10+ Breg) cells are known to suppress various inflammatory diseases. However, evidence for the mechanism by which IL-10+ Breg cells are generated and maintained is still very limited. Here, we found that IL-10+ Breg cells suppress the activation of IL-13-producing type 2 innate lymphoid cells (IL-13+ ILC2s) in an IL-10-dependent manner in mice with oxazolone-induced severe contact hypersensitivity (CHS). Mast cell (MC) IL-5 was important for maintaining the population of IL-10+ Breg cells in peripheral lymphoid tissues. Overall, these results uncover a previously unknown mechanism of MCs as a type of immunoregulatory cell and elucidate the cross-talk among MCs, IL-10+ Breg cells, and IL-13+ ILC2s in CHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Soon Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Min Bum Lee
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Dajeong Lee
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Keun Young Min
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Jimo Koo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Young Hwan Park
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Su Jeong Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Masashi Ikutani
- Department of Immune Regulation, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba 272-8516, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takaki
- Department of Immune Regulation, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba 272-8516, Japan
| | - Young Mi Kim
- Department of Preventive Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Korea
| | - Wahn Soo Choi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
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Ovcinnikovs V, Ross EM, Petersone L, Edner NM, Heuts F, Ntavli E, Kogimtzis A, Kennedy A, Wang CJ, Bennett CL, Sansom DM, Walker LSK. CTLA-4-mediated transendocytosis of costimulatory molecules primarily targets migratory dendritic cells. Sci Immunol 2019; 4:eaaw0902. [PMID: 31152091 PMCID: PMC6570622 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aaw0902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CTLA-4 is a critical negative regulator of the immune system and a major target for immunotherapy. However, precisely how it functions in vivo to maintain immune homeostasis is not clear. As a highly endocytic molecule, CTLA-4 can capture costimulatory ligands from opposing cells by a process of transendocytosis (TE). By restricting costimulatory ligand expression in this manner, CTLA-4 controls the CD28-dependent activation of T cells. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) constitutively express CTLA-4 at high levels and, in its absence, show defects in TE and suppressive function. Activated conventional T cells (Tconv) are also capable of CTLA-4-dependent TE; however, the relative use of this mechanism by Tregs and Tconv in vivo remains unclear. Here, we set out to characterize both the perpetrators and cellular targets of CTLA-4 TE in vivo. We found that Tregs showed constitutive cell surface recruitment of CTLA-4 ex vivo and performed TE rapidly after TCR stimulation. Tregs outperformed activated Tconv at TE in vivo, and expression of ICOS marked Tregs with this capability. Using TCR transgenic Tregs that recognize a protein expressed in the pancreas, we showed that the presentation of tissue-derived self-antigen could trigger Tregs to capture costimulatory ligands in vivo. Last, we identified migratory dendritic cells (DCs) as the major target for Treg-based CTLA-4-dependent regulation in the steady state. These data support a model in which CTLA-4 expressed on Tregs dynamically regulates the phenotype of DCs trafficking to lymph nodes from peripheral tissues in an antigen-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalijs Ovcinnikovs
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection and Immunity, Royal Free Campus, NW3 2PF London , UK
| | - Ellen M Ross
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection and Immunity, Royal Free Campus, NW3 2PF London , UK
| | - Lina Petersone
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection and Immunity, Royal Free Campus, NW3 2PF London , UK
| | - Natalie M Edner
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection and Immunity, Royal Free Campus, NW3 2PF London , UK
| | - Frank Heuts
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection and Immunity, Royal Free Campus, NW3 2PF London , UK
| | - Elisavet Ntavli
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection and Immunity, Royal Free Campus, NW3 2PF London , UK
| | - Alexandros Kogimtzis
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection and Immunity, Royal Free Campus, NW3 2PF London , UK
| | - Alan Kennedy
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection and Immunity, Royal Free Campus, NW3 2PF London , UK
| | - Chun Jing Wang
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection and Immunity, Royal Free Campus, NW3 2PF London , UK
| | - Clare L Bennett
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection and Immunity, Royal Free Campus, NW3 2PF London , UK
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, Royal Free Campus, NW3 2PF London, UK
| | - David M Sansom
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection and Immunity, Royal Free Campus, NW3 2PF London , UK
| | - Lucy S K Walker
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection and Immunity, Royal Free Campus, NW3 2PF London , UK.
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CD4 +CD25 highCD127 low/-FoxP 3 + Regulatory T-Cell Population in Acute Leukemias: A Review of the Literature. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:2816498. [PMID: 30944830 PMCID: PMC6421759 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2816498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are a very important subtype of lymphocytes when it comes to self-control in the human immunological system. Tregs are decisive not only in the protection against destruction of own tissues by autoimmune immunocompetent cells but also in the immunological answer to developing cancers. On the other hand, Tregs could be responsible for the progression of acute and chronic leukemias. In our study, we review publications available in the PUMED database concerning acute leukemia, with a particular emphasis on child's leukemias. The percentage of regulatory T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood and bone marrow was elevated compared to those in healthy individuals and correlated with progressive disease. Regulatory T-cells taken from children diagnosed with leukemia showed a higher suppressive capability, which was confirmed by detecting elevated levels of secreted IL-10 and TGF-beta. The possibility of pharmacological intervention in the self-control of the immunological system is now under extensive investigation in many human cancers. Presumably, Treg cells could be a vital part of targeted therapies. Routine Treg determination could be used to assess the severity of disease and prognosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This proposition results from the fact that in some studies, higher percentage of Treg cells in peripheral blood was demonstrated. However, observations confirming these facts are scarce; thus, extrapolating them to the population of children with hematological malignancies needs to be verified in additional studies.
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31
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Immunotherapeutic advances in gastrointestinal malignancies. NPJ Precis Oncol 2019; 3:4. [PMID: 30729176 PMCID: PMC6363766 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-018-0076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an important global issue with increasing incidence and mortality, placing a substantial burden on the healthcare system. Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed among men and women in US. It is estimated that in 2018 there will be 319,160 new diagnosis and 160,820 deaths related to cancer of the digestive system including both genders in the United States alone. Considering limited success of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery in treatment of these cancer patients, new therapeutic avenues are under constant investigation. Therapy options have consistently moved away from typical cytotoxic chemotherapy where patients with a given type and stage of the disease were treated similarly, to an individualized approach where a tumor is defined by its specific tissue characteristics /epigenetic profile, protein expression and genetic mutations. This review takes a deeper look at the immune-biological aspects of cancers in the gastrointestinal tract (entire digestive tract extending from esophagus/stomach to rectum, including pancreatico-biliary apparatus) and discusses the different treatment modalities that are available or being developed to target the immune system for better disease outcome.
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Cao T, Zhang X, Chen D, Zhang P, Li Q, Muhammad A. The epigenetic modification during the induction of Foxp3 with sodium butyrate. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2018; 40:309-318. [DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2018.1480631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tengli Cao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuxiu Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dingding Chen
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peiyan Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Abbas Muhammad
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Lin S, Wu H, Wang C, Xiao Z, Xu F. Regulatory T Cells and Acute Lung Injury: Cytokines, Uncontrolled Inflammation, and Therapeutic Implications. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1545. [PMID: 30038616 PMCID: PMC6046379 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome/acute lung injury (ALI) was described in 1967. The uncontrolled inflammation is a central issue of the syndrome. The regulatory T cells (Tregs), formerly known as suppressor T cells, are a subpopulation of T cells. Tregs indirectly limits immune inflammation-inflicted tissue damage by employing multiple mechanisms and creating the appropriate immune environment for successful tissue repair. And it plays a central role in the resolution of ALI. Accordingly, for this review, we will focus on Treg populations which are critical for inflammatory immunity of ALI, and the effect of interaction between Treg subsets and cytokines on ALI. And then explore the possibility of cytokines as beneficial factors in inflammation resolution of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Lin
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Center for Cognitive and Neurobiological Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Chuanjiang Wang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhibo Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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34
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Nag M, De Paris K, E Fogle J. Epigenetic Modulation of CD8⁺ T Cell Function in Lentivirus Infections: A Review. Viruses 2018; 10:v10050227. [PMID: 29710792 PMCID: PMC5977220 DOI: 10.3390/v10050227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are critical for controlling viremia during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. These cells produce cytolytic factors and antiviral cytokines that eliminate virally- infected cells. During the chronic phase of HIV infection, CD8+ T cells progressively lose their proliferative capacity and antiviral functions. These dysfunctional cells are unable to clear the productively infected and reactivated cells, representing a roadblock in HIV cure. Therefore, mechanisms to understand CD8+ T cell dysfunction and strategies to boost CD8+ T cell function need to be investigated. Using the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) model for lentiviral persistence, we have demonstrated that CD8+ T cells exhibit epigenetic changes such as DNA demethylation during the course of infection as compared to uninfected cats. We have also demonstrated that lentivirus-activated CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells induce forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) expression in virus-specific CD8+ T cell targets, which binds the interleukin (IL)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ promoters in these CD8+ T cells. Finally, we have reported that epigenetic modulation reduces Foxp3 binding to these promoter regions. This review compares and contrasts our current understanding of CD8+ T cell epigenetics and mechanisms of lymphocyte suppression during the course of lentiviral infection for two animal models, FIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukta Nag
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
| | - Kristina De Paris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Jonathan E Fogle
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
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35
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Inácio DP, Amado T, Silva-Santos B, Gomes AQ. Control of T cell effector functions by miRNAs. Cancer Lett 2018; 427:63-73. [PMID: 29679611 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of effector T cells is a tightly regulated process that relies on the selective expression of lineage-defining master regulators that orchestrate unique transcriptional programs, including the production of distinct sets of effector cytokines. miRNAs are post-transcriptional regulators that are now viewed as critical players in these gene expression networks and help defining cell identity and function. This review summarises the role of individual miRNAs in the regulation of the differentiation of effector T cell subsets, including CD4+ T helper cells, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and innate-like NKT cells. Moreover, we refer to miRNAs that have been identified to affect simultaneously two or more effector T cell populations, impacting on the balance between effector T cells in vivo, thus constituting potential biomarkers or targets for therapies aiming at boosting immunity or controlling autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Inácio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago Amado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anita Q Gomes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal; Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, 1990-096, Lisboa, Portugal.
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36
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Rydzewska M, Jaromin M, Pasierowska IE, Stożek K, Bossowski A. Role of the T and B lymphocytes in pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Thyroid Res 2018; 11:2. [PMID: 29449887 PMCID: PMC5812228 DOI: 10.1186/s13044-018-0046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD) broadly include Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis which are the most common causes of thyroid gland dysfunctions. These disorders develop due to complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors and are characterized by reactivity to self-thyroid antigens due to autoreactive lymphocytes escaping tolerance. Both cell-mediated and humoral responses lead to tissue injury in autoimmune thyroid disease. The differentiation of CD4+ cells in the specific setting of immune mediators (for example cytokines, chemokines) results in differentiation of various T cell subsets. T cell identification has shown a mixed pattern of cytokine production indicating that both subtypes of T helper, Th1 and Th2, responses are involved in all types of AITD. Furthermore, recent studies described T cell subtypes Th17 and Treg which also play an essential role in pathogenesis of AITD. This review will focus on the role of the T regulatory (Treg) and T helper (Th) (especially Th17) lymphocytes, and also of B lymphocytes in AITD pathogenesis. However, we have much more to learn about cellular mechanisms and interactions in AITD before we can develop complete understanding of AITD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rydzewska
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes with a Cardiology Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
| | - Michał Jaromin
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes with a Cardiology Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
| | - Izabela Elżbieta Pasierowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes with a Cardiology Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
| | - Karlina Stożek
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes with a Cardiology Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
| | - Artur Bossowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes with a Cardiology Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
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37
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Oyarce K, Campos-Mora M, Gajardo-Carrasco T, Pino-Lagos K. Vitamin C Fosters the In Vivo Differentiation of Peripheral CD4 + Foxp3 - T Cells into CD4 + Foxp3 + Regulatory T Cells but Impairs Their Ability to Prolong Skin Allograft Survival. Front Immunol 2018; 9:112. [PMID: 29479348 PMCID: PMC5811461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical players of immunological tolerance due to their ability to suppress effector T cell function thereby preventing transplant rejection and autoimmune diseases. During allograft transplantation, increases of both Treg expansion and generation, as well as their stable function, are needed to ensure allograft acceptance; thus, efforts have been made to discover new molecules that enhance Treg-mediated tolerance and to uncover their mechanisms. Recently, vitamin C (VitC), known to regulate T cell maturation and dendritic cell-mediated T cell polarization, has gained attention as a relevant epigenetic remodeler able to enhance and stabilize the expression of the Treg master regulator gene Foxp3, positively affecting the generation of induced Tregs (iTregs). In this study, we measured VitC transporter (SVCT2) expression in different immune cell populations, finding Tregs as one of the cell subset with the highest levels of SVCT2 expression. Unexpectedly, we found that VitC treatment reduces the ability of natural Tregs to suppress effector T cell proliferation in vitro, while having an enhancer effect on TGFβ-induced Foxp3+ Tregs. On the other hand, VitC increases iTregs generation in vitro and in vivo, however, no allograft tolerance was achieved in animals orally treated with VitC. Lastly, Tregs isolated from the draining lymph nodes of VitC-treated and transplanted mice also showed impaired suppression capacity ex vivo. Our results indicate that VitC promotes the generation and expansion of Tregs, without exhibiting CD4+ T cell-mediated allograft tolerance. These observations highlight the relevance of the nutritional status of patients when immune regulation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Oyarce
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Campos-Mora
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tania Gajardo-Carrasco
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karina Pino-Lagos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
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Lecciso M, Ocadlikova D, Sangaletti S, Trabanelli S, De Marchi E, Orioli E, Pegoraro A, Portararo P, Jandus C, Bontadini A, Redavid A, Salvestrini V, Romero P, Colombo MP, Di Virgilio F, Cavo M, Adinolfi E, Curti A. ATP Release from Chemotherapy-Treated Dying Leukemia Cells Elicits an Immune Suppressive Effect by Increasing Regulatory T Cells and Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1918. [PMID: 29312358 PMCID: PMC5744438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death can favor dendritic cell (DC) cross-priming of tumor-associated antigens for T cell activation thanks to the release of damage-associated molecular patterns, including ATP. Here, we tested the hypothesis that in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), ATP release, along with its well-known immune stimulatory effect, may also contribute to the generation of an immune suppressive microenvironment. In a cohort of AML patients, undergoing combined daunorubicin and cytarabine chemotherapy, a population of T regulatory cells (Tregs) with suppressive phenotype, expressing the immune checkpoint programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), was significantly increased. Moving from these results, initial in vitro data showed that daunorubicin was more effective than cytarabine in modulating DC function toward Tregs induction and such difference was correlated with the higher capacity of daunorubicin to induce ATP release from treated AML cells. DCs cultured with daunorubicin-treated AML cells upregulated indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), which induced anti-leukemia Tregs. These data were confirmed in vivo as daunorubicin-treated mice show an increase in extracellular ATP levels with increased number of Tregs, expressing PD-1 and IDO1+CD39+ DCs. Notably, daunorubicin failed to induce Tregs and tolerogenic DCs in mice lacking the ATP receptor P2X7. Our data indicate that ATP release from chemotherapy-treated dying cells contributes to create an immune suppressive microenvironment in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Lecciso
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology L. and A. Seràgnoli, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Darina Ocadlikova
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology L. and A. Seràgnoli, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Sara Trabanelli
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elena De Marchi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Orioli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Pegoraro
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Camilla Jandus
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Bontadini
- Immunohematology Service and Blood Bank, Policlinico S.Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annarita Redavid
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology L. and A. Seràgnoli, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Salvestrini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology L. and A. Seràgnoli, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pedro Romero
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Cavo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology L. and A. Seràgnoli, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Adinolfi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonio Curti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology L. and A. Seràgnoli, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Gorosito Serrán M, Tosello Boari J, Fiocca Vernengo F, Beccaría CG, Ramello MC, Bermejo DA, Cook AG, Vinuesa CG, Montes CL, Acosta Rodriguez EV, Gruppi A. Unconventional Pro-inflammatory CD4 + T Cell Response in B Cell-Deficient Mice Infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1548. [PMID: 29209313 PMCID: PMC5702327 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic in Latin America but has become a global public health concern by migration of infected people. It has been reported that parasite persistence as well as the intensity of the inflammatory immune response are determinants of the clinical manifestations of the disease. Even though inflammation is indispensable for host defense, when deregulated, it can contribute to tissue injury and organ dysfunction. Here, we report the importance of B cells in conditioning T cell response in T. cruzi infection. Mice deficient in mature B cells (muMT mice) infected with T. cruzi exhibited an increase in plasma TNF concentration, TNF-producing CD4+ T cells, and mortality. The increase in TNF-producing CD4+ T cells was accompanied by a reduction in IFNγ+CD4+ T cells and a decrease of the frequency of regulatory Foxp3+, IL-10+, and IL17+CD4+ T cells populations. The CD4+ T cell population activated by T. cruzi infection, in absence of mature B cells, had a high frequency of Ly6C+ cells and showed a lower expression of inhibitory molecules such as CTLA-4, PD-1, and LAG3. CD4+ T cells from infected muMT mice presented a high frequency of CD62LhiCD44- cells, which is commonly associated with a naïve phenotype. Through transfer experiments we demonstrated that CD4+ T cells from infected muMT mice were able to condition the CD4+ T cells response from infected wild-type mice. Interestingly, using Blimp-flox/flox-CD23icre mice we observed that in absence of plasmablast/plasma cell T. cruzi-infected mice exhibited a higher number of TNF-producing CD4+ T cells. Our results showed that the absence of B cells during T. cruzi infection affected the T cell response at different levels and generated a favorable scenario for unconventional activation of CD4+ T cell leading to an uncontrolled effector response and inflammation. The product of B cell differentiation, the plasmablast/plasma cells, could be able to regulate TNF-producing CD4+ T cells since their absence favor the increase of the number of TNF+ CD4+ in T. cruzi-infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Gorosito Serrán
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI - CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jimena Tosello Boari
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI - CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Facundo Fiocca Vernengo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI - CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cristian G Beccaría
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI - CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María C Ramello
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI - CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniela A Bermejo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI - CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Amelia G Cook
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Carola G Vinuesa
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Carolina L Montes
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI - CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eva V Acosta Rodriguez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI - CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adriana Gruppi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI - CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Ugor E, Prenek L, Pap R, Berta G, Ernszt D, Najbauer J, Németh P, Boldizsár F, Berki T. Glucocorticoid hormone treatment enhances the cytokine production of regulatory T cells by upregulation of Foxp3 expression. Immunobiology 2017; 223:422-431. [PMID: 29223294 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the fact that glucocorticoids (GC) are important therapeutic tools, their effects on regulatory T cells (Treg) are not well defined. The aim of our work was to investigate how GCs influence in vivo the thymic (tTreg) and peripheral Treg (pTreg) differentiation, survival and cytokine production. METHODS Tregs were detected with flow cytometry in lymphatic organs of 4-6 weeks old BALB/c mice after repeated (2-4days), high-dose in vivo GC treatment using CD4/CD25 cell surface and Foxp3/IL-10/TGFβ/glucocorticoid receptor (GR) intracellular staining. Cytokine, Foxp3, and GR mRNA levels of sorted CD4+CD25high T cells were analyzed using RT-PCR. Foxp3 and GR localization in Treg cells was investigated with confocal microscopy. RESULTS GC treatment of mice resulted in increased relative tTreg frequency in the thymus, which was due to decreased total thymocyte numbers with unchanged absolute tTreg cell count. In contrast the relative pTreg cell ratio in secondary lymphatic organs decreased or showed no changes after GC treatment, while the absolute number of pTregs decreased. Elevated intracellular IL-10+ and TGFβ+ tTreg and pTreg ratios were measured in GC-treated animals, accompanied with elevated Foxp3 mRNA expression. In addition, GC treatment caused increased TGFβ and IL-35 mRNA expression in CD4+CD25high+ splenic and elevated IL-10 mRNA level in thymic tTregs. GR expression of thymic tTreg cells was lower than in pTregs. GC treatment caused an opposite change in GR levels, elevating GR in tTregs but decreasing it in pTregs. We observed a nuclear localization of GR in both tTregs and pTregs, which showed high colocalization (∼60%) with Foxp3 transcription factor. These data suggest an interaction of these two transcription factors with further increase due to GC treatment in splenic pTregs. CONCLUSION Our data show selective survival of tTregs and elevated production of immunosuppressive cytokines by Treg cells after GC treatment, which may contribute to the immunosuppressive effects of GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emese Ugor
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Lilla Prenek
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Ramóna Pap
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Gergely Berta
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Dávid Ernszt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - József Najbauer
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Péter Németh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Boldizsár
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Tímea Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
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Gou P, Chang X, Ye Z, Yao Y, Nguyen PK, Hammond SK, Wang J, Liu S. A pilot study comparing T-regulatory cell function among healthy children in different areas of Gansu, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:22579-22586. [PMID: 28808862 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9907-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune system is critical to protecting human health from toxic substances. Our previously published research had found an important link between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient air and changes at the DNA level in immune cells that led to impaired function of regulatory T (Treg) cells in children living in California, USA. But molecular and cellular pathways of these changes remain unclear. The present study aims to explore whether exposure to PAHs leads to changes in Treg cells functions of children living in Gansu, China, where ambient air pollution levels are much higher than those in California, and to explore potential mechanisms of PAH-induced immunological dysfunctions. Air pollutions in Lanzhou and Lintao, Gansu Province, were measured from December 2015 to June 2016. Healthy children were recruited from both cities and enrolled in this pilot study. Demographic information was collected by questionnaires. Blood samples were collected. Peripheral blood Treg cells were analyzed for Treg cells percentage by flow cytometry. Gene expression of forkhead box transcription factor 3 (Foxp3), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and interleukin 35 (IL35) were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results indicated PAH concentration (as sum of 16 PAHs) in Lintao was over two times higher than that was in Lanzhou (707 vs. 326 ng/m3), whereas PM2.5 concentration was comparable in two cities (55.3 in Lintao vs. 65.7 μg/m3 in Lanzhou). Notably, we observed lower gene expressions for Foxp3 (P < 0.05), IL35 (P < 0.05), and TGF-β, in children living in Lintao, suggesting an impairment of Treg cells function potentially associated with higher PAH exposure in Lintao. However, no significant difference was observed in Treg cells % among CD4+ T cells between Lanzhou and Lintao groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panhong Gou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaoru Chang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhonghui Ye
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yueli Yao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Patton Khuu Nguyen
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall, #7360, Berkeley, CA, 94720-7360, USA
| | - Sally Katharine Hammond
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall, #7360, Berkeley, CA, 94720-7360, USA
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Sa Liu
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall, #7360, Berkeley, CA, 94720-7360, USA.
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Role of gut microbiota in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children. Med Hypotheses 2017; 108:35-37. [PMID: 29055396 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome characterized by heavy proteinuria and edema is the most common chronic kidney disease in children. It is classified into three categories, of which the idiopathic type accounts for the vast majority of cases. As indicated by the name, the etiology of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome remains unknown though it has been suggested that impaired T cell function is involved. Recently, evidence has mounted to suggest that dysfunction in regulatory T cells plays an important role in the development of allergic disease, a recognized comorbid condition for children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. It is known that regulatory T cells are mainly induced by short chain fatty acids produced by gut microbiota and that children with allergy are reported to have aberrant gut microbiota. On this basis, we hypothesize that an aberrant microbiota, i.e., dysbiosis in the gut resulting in defective induction of regulatory T cells, is also involved in the etiology of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children. Our hypothesis can be directly tested by metagenome analysis using bacterial DNA extracted from the feces of patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Indirect evidence could be obtained by epidemiological survey, such as a comparative study of the environmental factors influencing the initial colonization of gut microbiota between patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and age-matched healthy children. Factors that may disrupt this colonization include a cesarean delivery, formula feeding, excessive use of antibiotics, or the introduction of inappropriate solid foods containing a high amount of saturated fat. Based on this hypothesis, we suggest it would be clinically worthwhile to study whether administration of probiotics composed of commensal bacteria known to efficiently induce regulatory T cells in vitro could control the exacerbation or relapse of INS.
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Characterization and Expansion of Autologous GMP-ready Regulatory T Cells for TREG-based Cell Therapy in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2017; 23:1348-1359. [PMID: 28708802 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000001192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A local imbalance between regulatory (Treg) and effector T cells is believed to play a major role in gut-specific inflammation, including ulcerative colitis (UC). Restoration of this balance through an adoptive Treg transfer is an attractive new treatment approach in patients who are refractory to current standard therapies. It was our goal to develop a Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)-conform protocol for expansion of UC Treg cells as a rational backbone for future studies on Treg therapy in UC. METHODS CD25 blood T cells derived from patients with UC were ex vivo expanded in the presence of IL-2, rapamycin, and anti-CD3/anti-CD28 expander beads using a GMP-conform protocol. Cells were subsequently assessed for stability and function. RESULTS Patient-derived ex vivo rapamycin-expanded GMP-ready CD25 cells were polyclonal, hypomethylated at intron 1 of the FoxP3 locus, and suppressive in carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester-dilution assays against autologous peripheral blood-derived and allogeneic colon-derived responder cells. Function was mediated by soluble factors, including toxic granules. In addition to CD4 T cells, suppressive hypermethylated CD8 T-cell subsets were also induced during the expansion process. CONCLUSIONS Patient-derived rapamycin-expanded CD25 cells are stable and functional, and as such, ready to serve in a phase I dose-escalation safety study in UC.
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44
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Pulmonary immunity to viruses. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1737-1762. [PMID: 28667071 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces, such as the respiratory epithelium, are directly exposed to the external environment and therefore, are highly susceptible to viral infection. As a result, the respiratory tract has evolved a variety of innate and adaptive immune defenses in order to prevent viral infection or promote the rapid destruction of infected cells and facilitate the clearance of the infecting virus. Successful adaptive immune responses often lead to a functional state of immune memory, in which memory lymphocytes and circulating antibodies entirely prevent or lessen the severity of subsequent infections with the same virus. This is also the goal of vaccination, although it is difficult to vaccinate in a way that mimics respiratory infection. Consequently, some vaccines lead to robust systemic immune responses, but relatively poor mucosal immune responses that protect the respiratory tract. In addition, adaptive immunity is not without its drawbacks, as overly robust inflammatory responses may lead to lung damage and impair gas exchange or exacerbate other conditions, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Thus, immune responses to respiratory viral infections must be strong enough to eliminate infection, but also have mechanisms to limit damage and promote tissue repair in order to maintain pulmonary homeostasis. Here, we will discuss the components of the adaptive immune system that defend the host against respiratory viral infections.
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De Rosa V, Di Rella F, Di Giacomo A, Matarese G. Regulatory T cells as suppressors of anti-tumor immunity: Role of metabolism. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 35:15-25. [PMID: 28442214 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Novel concepts in immunometabolism support the hypothesis that glucose consumption is also used to modulate anti-tumor immune responses, favoring growth and expansion of specific cellular subsets defined in the past as suppressor T cells and currently reborn as regulatory T (Treg) cells. During the 1920s, Otto Warburg and colleagues observed that tumors consumed high amounts of glucose compared to normal tissues, even in the presence of oxygen and completely functioning mitochondria. However, the role of the Warburg Effect is still not completely understood, particularly in the context of an ongoing anti-tumor immune response. Current experimental evidence suggests that tumor-derived metabolic restrictions can drive T cell hyporesponsiveness and immune tolerance. For example, several glycolytic enzymes, deregulated in cancer, contribute to tumor progression independently from their canonical metabolic activity. Indeed, they can control apoptosis, gene expression and activation of specific intracellular pathways, thus suggesting a direct link between metabolic switches and pro-tumorigenic transcriptional programs. Focus of this review is to define the specific metabolic pathways controlling Treg cell immunobiology in the context of anti-tumor immunity and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica De Rosa
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Napoli, Italy.
| | - Francesca Di Rella
- Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Senologia, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Giacomo
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Napoli, Italy; Unità Operativa Complessa di Patologia Clinica, Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli "V. Monaldi", Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Napoli, Italy; Treg cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.
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Luo A, Leach ST, Barres R, Hesson LB, Grimm MC, Simar D. The Microbiota and Epigenetic Regulation of T Helper 17/Regulatory T Cells: In Search of a Balanced Immune System. Front Immunol 2017; 8:417. [PMID: 28443096 PMCID: PMC5385369 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells not only affect tissue homeostasis at the site of inflammation but also exert systemic effects contributing to multiple chronic conditions. Recent evidence clearly supports an altered T helper 17/regulatory T cell (Th17/Treg) balance leading to the development and progression of inflammatory diseases that not only affect the gastrointestinal tract but also have whole-body manifestations, including insulin resistance. Epigenetic mechanisms are amenable to both environmental and circulating factors and contribute to determining the T cell landscape. The recently identified participation of the gut microbiota in the remodeling of the epigenome of immune cells has triggered a paradigm shift in our understanding of the etiology of various inflammatory diseases and opened new paths toward therapeutic strategies. In this review, we provide an overview of the contribution of the Th17/Treg balance in the development and progression of inflammatory bowel diseases and metabolic diseases. We discuss the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of T cell function in the particular context of dysbiosis. Finally, we examine the potential for nutritional interventions affecting the gut microbiota to reshape the T cell epigenome and address the inflammatory component of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Luo
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven T Leach
- School of Women and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Romain Barres
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luke B Hesson
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael C Grimm
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Simar
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Mechanisms of Disease and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Smolinska S, Groeger D, O'Mahony L. Biology of the Microbiome 1: Interactions with the Host Immune Response. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2017; 46:19-35. [PMID: 28164850 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal immune system is intimately connected with the vast diversity of microbes present within the gut and the diversity of food components that are consumed daily. The discovery of novel molecular mechanisms, which mediate host-microbe-nutrient communication, have highlighted the important roles played by microbes and dietary factors in influencing mucosal immune responses. Dendritic cells, epithelial cells, innate lymphoid cells, T regulatory cells, effector lymphocytes, natural killer T cells, and B cells can all be influenced by the microbiome. Many of the mechanisms being described are bacterial strain or metabolite specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Smolinska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 5, Wroclaw 50-368, Poland
| | - David Groeger
- Alimentary Health Pharma Davos, Obere Strasse 22, Davos Platz 7270, Switzerland
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Molecular Immunology, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, Obere Strasse 22, Davos Platz 7270, Switzerland.
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Dhital S, Stokes JV, Park N, Seo KS, Kaplan BLF. Cannabidiol (CBD) induces functional Tregs in response to low-level T cell activation. Cell Immunol 2017; 312:25-34. [PMID: 27865421 PMCID: PMC5327652 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Many effects of the non-psychoactive cannabinoid, cannabidiol (CBD), have been described in immune responses induced by strong immunological stimuli. It has also been shown that CBD enhances IL-2 production in response to low-level T cell stimulation. Since IL-2, in combination with TGF-β1, are critical for Treg induction, we hypothesized that CBD would induce CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs in response to low-level stimulation. Low-level T cell stimulation conditions were established based on minimal CD25 expression in CD4+ cells using suboptimal PMA/Io (4nM/0.05μM, S/o), ultrasuboptimal PMA/Io (1nM/0.0125μM, Us/o) or soluble anti-CD3/28 (400-800ng each, s3/28). CBD increased CD25+FOXP3+ cells from CD4+, CD4+CD25+, and CD4+CD25- T cells, as well as in CD4+ T cells derived from FOXP3-GFP mice. Most importantly, the Us/o+CBD-induced CD4+CD25+ Tregs robustly suppressed responder T cell proliferation, demonstrating that the mechanism by which CBD is immunosuppressive under low-level T cell stimulation involves induction of functional Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saphala Dhital
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - John V Stokes
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Nogi Park
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Keun Seok Seo
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Barbara L F Kaplan
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
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Kaartinen T, Harjunpää H, Partanen J, Tiittanen M. In vitro Treg expansion favors the full-length splicing isoform of CTLA4. Immunotherapy 2016; 8:541-53. [PMID: 27140408 DOI: 10.2217/imt.16.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We compared fresh and in vitro expanded human Tregs for their CTLA4 splicing isoform expression. METHODS The CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(low/-)phenotype was used for sorting Tregs and mRNA levels were measured with relative qRT-PCR. RESULTS In fresh Tregs the level of soluble CTLA4 (sCTLA4) was half of that of full-length CTLA4, whereas in expanded cells sCTLA4 level was tenfold lower. The most striking change took place early on: sCTLA4 expression decreased significantly when cells were simply kept in culture. CONCLUSION In the in vitro expanded Tregs, the splicing of CTLA4 is affected. Our findings can be significant for clinical cell manufacturing. First, even minimal processing of cells may impact the functional molecules. Second, Treg expansion yields more potent CTLA4 receptor bearing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Kaartinen
- Research & Development, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310 Helsinki, Finland.,Advanced Cell Therapy Centre, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Harjunpää
- Research & Development, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Partanen
- Research & Development, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Tiittanen
- Research & Development, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310 Helsinki, Finland
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Tamaka K, Seike M, Hagiwara T, Sato A, Ohtsu H. Histamine suppresses regulatory T cells mediated by TGF-β in murine chronic allergic contact dermatitis. Exp Dermatol 2016; 24:280-4. [PMID: 25651189 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress effector T cells and ameliorate contact hypersensitivity (CH); however, the role of Tregs in chronic allergic contact dermatitis (CACD) has not been assessed. Repeated elicitation of CH has been used to produce CACD models in mice. We previously showed that the presence of histamine facilitates the creation of eczematous lesions in this model using histidine decarboxylase (HDC) (-/-) mice. Therefore, the effects of histamine on Tregs in the CACD model were investigated in this study. CACD was developed by repeated epicutaneous application of 2, 4, 6-trinitro-1-chlorobenzene (TNCB) on HDC (+/+) and HDC (-/-) murine skin to assess the effects of histamine in CACD. Histamine aggravated CACD in the murine model and suppressed the number of Tregs in the skin. Histamine also suppressed the level of TGF-β1 in this model. Recombinant TGF-β1 or anti-TGF-β1 antibody was injected into the dorsal dermis of HDC (+/+) mice daily just before TNCB challenge to determine the effects of histamine-regulated TGF-β on the Treg population in CACD. Recombinant TGF-β1 injection promoted the infiltration of Tregs in the skin and the production of IL-10; however, anti-TGF-β1 antibody injection suppressed the number of Tregs in the skin and the production of IL-10. Histamine suppresses the number of Tregs in CACD, and this effect is mediated by TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Tamaka
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, Sagami Women's Junior College, Bunkyo, Minamiku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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