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Lyu S, Zhang T, Peng P, Cao D, Ma L, Yu Y, Dong Y, Qi X, Wei C. Involvement of cGAS/STING Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Candida albicans Keratitis: Insights From Genetic and Pharmacological Approaches. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:13. [PMID: 38848078 PMCID: PMC11166223 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.6.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Fungal keratitis (FK) is an invasive corneal infection associated with significant risk to vision. Although the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway has been recognized for its role in defending against viral infections, its involvement in FK still remains largely unclear. This study sought to elucidate the contribution of the cGAS/STING signaling pathway to the pathogenesis of FK. Methods The expression of cGAS/STING signaling components was assessed in a murine model of Candida albicans keratitis through RNA sequencing, western blot analysis, immunofluorescence staining, and real-time PCR. Both genetic (utilizing Sting1gt/gt mice) and pharmacological (using C176) interventions were employed to inhibit STING activity, allowing for the evaluation of resultant pathogenic alterations in FK using slit-lamp examination, clinical scoring, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, fungal culture, and RNA sequencing. Subconjunctival administration of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 was performed to evaluate FK manifestations following STING activity blockade. Furthermore, the impact of the STING agonist diABZI on FK progression was investigated. Results Compared to uninfected corneas, those infected with C. albicans exhibited increased expression of cGAS/STING signaling components, as well as its elevated activity. Inhibiting cGAS/STING signaling exacerbated the advancement of FK, as evidenced by elevated clinical scores, augmented fungal load, and heightened inflammatory response, including NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis. Pharmacological inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome effectively mitigated the exacerbated FK by suppressing STING activity. Conversely, pre-activation of STING exacerbated FK progression compared to the PBS control, characterized by increased fungal burden and reinforced inflammatory infiltration. Conclusions This study demonstrates the essential role of the cGAS/STING signaling pathway in FK pathogenesis and highlights the necessity of its proper activation for the host against FK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmei Lyu
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Peng
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dingwen Cao
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanling Dong
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaolin Qi
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Wei
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
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Dainichi T, Matsumoto R, Sakurai K, Kabashima K. Necessary and sufficient factors of keratinocytes in psoriatic dermatitis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1326219. [PMID: 38312837 PMCID: PMC10834637 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1326219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Teruki Dainichi
- Department of Dermatology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Miki-cho, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Reiko Matsumoto
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakurai
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Skin Research Laboratories (ASRL), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
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Peng F, Xie Q, Chen J, Fang Y, Xu W, Jiang D, Chen W. Effect of Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking on Subsequent Corneal Fungal Infection in Rats. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:12. [PMID: 37163284 PMCID: PMC10179700 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.5.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) alters fungal susceptibility and increases the severity of keratitis through macrophage activation in rats. Methods Four weeks following CXL pretreatment, the corneal epithelium of adult rats was removed and inoculated with Candida albicans (C. albicans; CXL + inoculation group). The non-CXL-pretreated corneas were also inoculated with C. albicans (inoculation group). Clinical scoring and histopathological examination were performed to determine the severity of fungal keratitis. Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy imaging were applied to determine the effects of CXL treatment on corneal local macrophage content. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blots were used to evaluate mRNA and protein expression. Flow cytometry assays were performed to detect M1- and M2-type macrophages. Results CXL pretreatment (CXL + inoculation) resulted in higher infection success rate and more severe fungal keratitis than inoculation alone (inoculation group). On days 1, 3, and 7 following fungal infection, the increase in macrophage infiltration and IL-1β, MMP-9, and VEGFA expression was greater in the CXL + inoculation group than in the inoculation group. Number of M1- and M2-type macrophages, M1 to M2 ratio, M1-type macrophage genes, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) expression were higher in the CXL + inoculation group compared with the inoculation group. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that CXL may increase the colonization of macrophages and activate more M1-type macrophages to increase fungal susceptibility and severity of keratitis. Translational Relevance This study may aid long-term risk assessment and treatment of the complications of CXL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangli Peng
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Dongxiaoqiao Longyu Shizi Street Intersection, 100 Meters West, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Qi Xie
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiting Fang
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Konda N, Chakrabarti S, Garg P, Willcox MDP. Association of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Interleukin Genes with Microbial Keratitis in a South Indian Population. Pathogens 2022; 11:1387. [PMID: 36422638 PMCID: PMC9692714 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the relationship between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in interleukin (IL) genes and keratitis and its clinical manifestations. METHODS SNPs in IL1B, IL6, CXCL8, IL10, and IL12B were analysed. Differences in frequencies of alleles, genotypes and haplotypes between cases and controls as well as associations between SNPs and clinical variables were calculated by χ2 tests with odds ratios. RESULTS The minor homologous genotype in IL1B rs16944 (p = 0.036; odds ratio (OR) = 2.063, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.048-4.061) and CXCL8 rs4073 (p = 0.041; OR = 0.463, 95% CI: 0.224-0.956) and the heterologous genotypes in IL6 rs1800795 (p = 0.046; OR = 0.563, 95% CI: 0.326-0.972) and IL12B rs2569254 (p = 0.0446; OR = 0.557, 95% CI: 0.314-0.989) or rs730691 (p = 0.0051; OR = 0.451, 95% CI: 0.260-0.784) were associated with keratitis. The minor genotype of rs16944 was associated with severe infection (p = 0.046). The heterologous genotype in rs2569254 was associated with hospital admission, photophobia, and mode of contact lens wear (p ≤ 0.041). The heterologous genotype in rs730691 was associated with blurred vision, discharge, anterior chamber reaction, and mode of wear (p ≤ 0.047). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that SNPs in IL1B and CXCL8 are associated with risk of developing keratitis. The study also found relationships between SNPs and clinical measures of keratitis. The potential for ethnic differences in frequency of SNPs and their association with keratitis should be followed up using different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju Konda
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney 2052, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Subhabrata Chakrabarti
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, Telangana, India
| | - Prashant Garg
- The Cornea Institute, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana 500034, India
| | - Mark D. P. Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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Mallela LS, Sharma P, Rao TSR, Roy S. Recombinant IL-22 promotes protection in a murine model of Aspergillus flavus keratitis and mediates host immune responses in human corneal epithelial cells. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13367. [PMID: 34029434 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is a leading cause of corneal infections in India and worldwide, resulting in severe visual impairment. We studied the host immune response towards A. flavus in immortalised human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC) and found increased expression of Toll-like receptors, antimicrobial peptides and proinflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and IL-8. Differential expressions of antimicrobial peptides were determined in corneal scrapings from A. flavus keratitis patients with significantly increased expression of LL-37, S100A12 and RNase 7. Increased levels of IL-22 expression were observed both in patients with A. flavus keratitis and in experimental mice model of corneal infections along with IL-17, IL-23 and IL-18. IL-22 is an important mediator of inflammation during microbial infections, and acts primarily on fibroblasts and epithelial cells. We observed constitutive expression of IL-22 receptors in HCEC, and IL-22 mediated activation of NF-κB, MAPK pathways and STAT3, along with increased expression of antimicrobial peptides in these cells. IL-22 also efficiently lessened cell deaths in corneal epithelial cells during A. flavus infection in vitro. Furthermore, recombinant IL-22 reduced fungal burden and corneal opacity in an experimental murine model of A. flavus keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prerana Sharma
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Sanhita Roy
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Liu Y, Zhu R, Jin X, Wang Y, Shi Y, Zhang N, Wang J, Dong Y, Zhang H. Activation of Conjunctiva-Associated Lymphoid Tissue in Patients With Infectious Keratitis Using In Vivo Confocal Microscopy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:27. [PMID: 34427624 PMCID: PMC8399476 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.10.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to evaluate activation of conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) in patients with keratitis using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) and conjunctival impression cytology (CIC). Methods In addition to anterior segment photography and corneal fluorescein staining, IVCM revealed the palpebral conjunctiva in all subjects, and CIC and immunofluorescence staining were performed. Results Diffuse lymphoid tissue cell density in the eyes of patients with keratitis was significantly greater compared with healthy volunteers (P < 0.001). Similar trends were found in perifollicular lymphocyte density (P < 0.001), follicular density (P = 0.029), follicular center reflection intensity (P = 0.011), and follicular area (P < 0.001). Immunofluorescence staining showed that the proportions of CD4+ (61.7% ± 8.0% vs. 17.3% ± 10.2%, respectively, P < 0.001) and CD8+ (46.9% ± 10.0% vs. 19.6% ± 11.5%, respectively, P < 0.001) cells in patients with keratitis was greater compared with healthy volunteers. Interestingly, we also observed changes in the contralateral eye in subjects with keratitis. Conclusions Our research suggests that CALT, as an ocular immune structure, is activated and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of keratitis. This has been overlooked previously. CALT is also active in the contralateral eye of subjects with keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Liu
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Nangang District, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Nangang District, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Nangang District, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Yingbin Wang
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Nangang District, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Nangang District, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Nangang District, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Jingrao Wang
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Nangang District, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Yueyan Dong
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Nangang District, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Nangang District, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
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Ho J, Camilli G, Griffiths JS, Richardson JP, Kichik N, Naglik JR. Candida albicans and candidalysin in inflammatory disorders and cancer. Immunology 2021; 162:11-16. [PMID: 32880925 PMCID: PMC7730014 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As our understanding of mycology progresses, the impact of fungal microbes on human health has become increasingly evident. Candida albicans is a common commensal fungus that gives rise to local and systemic infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients where it can result in mortality. However, C. albicans has also been quietly linked with a variety of inflammatory disorders, to which it has traditionally been considered incidental; recent studies may now provide new aspects of these relationships for further consideration. This review provides a novel perspective on the impact of C. albicans and its peptide toxin, candidalysin, on human health, exploring their contributions to pathology within a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemima Ho
- Centre for Host‐Microbiome InteractionsFaculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Giorgio Camilli
- Centre for Host‐Microbiome InteractionsFaculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - James S. Griffiths
- Centre for Host‐Microbiome InteractionsFaculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jonathan P. Richardson
- Centre for Host‐Microbiome InteractionsFaculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Nessim Kichik
- Centre for Host‐Microbiome InteractionsFaculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Julian R. Naglik
- Centre for Host‐Microbiome InteractionsFaculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
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Li X, Yuan M, Yin R, Liu X, Zhang Y, Sun S, Han L, He S. Histone deacetylase inhibitor attenuates experimental fungal keratitis in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9859. [PMID: 31285488 PMCID: PMC6614500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal keratitis is one of the leading causes of blindness of infected corneal diseases, but the pathogenesis of fungal keratitis is not fully understood and therefore the treatment of the disease by medication is still under investigation. In the current study, we sought to study the effect of HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) on experimental fungal keratitis in mice. SAHA (25 mg/kg) (n = 30) or vehicle (DMSO) (n = 30) was delivered through intraperitoneal injection (IP) 24 hours after the fungal inoculation, and the same amount of SAHA injection or DMSO was followed at day 2. The expression of histone H3 (H3), acetylated histone H3 (AC-H3), histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC)1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in surgically excised specimens from the patients and mice with fungal keratitis were detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of mRNAs for Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), TNFα, and TLR4 were evaluated in the corneas of the mice with fungal infection and the control corneas by real-time PCR. The quantification of IL-1β and TNFα in the corneas of the mice with fungal infection was determined by ELISA. The inhibitory effect of SAHA on mice fungal keratitis was revealed by GMS and H&E staining. We found that the downregulation of histone acetylation and upregulation of HDAC1 expression were associated with the increased inflammation response in fungal keratitis not only in humans but also in experimental animals. SAHA was able to inhibit experimental fungal keratitis in mouse by suppressing TLR4 and inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and IL-1β; the inhibition of HDAC may be a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of fungal keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China. .,Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhengzhou, 450003, China. .,People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China. .,People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
| | - Min Yuan
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Ruijie Yin
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Shengtao Sun
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Lei Han
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Shikun He
- Departments of Pathology and Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Zhang ZH, Teng F, Sun QX, Wang SZ, Liu C, Zhao GQ. Rapamycin liposome gutta inhibiting fungal keratitis of rats. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:536-541. [PMID: 31024803 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.04.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the therapeutic effect of rapamycin liposome eyedrops on fungal keratitis (FK) and its effect on the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). METHODS This study adopted the thin film dispersion method to prepare rapamycin liposomes eyedrops, as well as used the orthogonal design to analyze and study main influencing factors that affected the quality of liposomes. Totally 96 healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group (A), FK blank control group (B), FK blank liposomes control group (C), and 30 FK rapamycin liposome treatment group (D). Groups B, C, and D were first prepared as FK animal models. The corneal response was recorded in details on day 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 after modeling. Six rats were obtained and immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect the expression of MCP-1 protein and mRNA, respectively. RESULTS The severity of corneal lesions in the rapamycin treatment group was reduced, and the clinical score of the slit lamp examination was lower than that of Groups B and C (P<0.01). The expression of MCP-1 in rapamycin treatment group was significantly inhibited, comparing to that of groups B and C (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Liposome is a good drug carrier for rapamycin. Rapamycin has a good therapeutic effect on FK. It can reduce FK fungal burden and significantly inhibit the expression of MCP-1 protein and mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Central Hospital, the Second Clinical Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Feng Teng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Central Hospital, the Second Clinical Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qing-Xiu Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Central Hospital, the Second Clinical Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Central Hospital, the Second Clinical Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Central Hospital, the Second Clinical Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Gui-Qiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, Shandong Province, China
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10
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Qin XH, Ma X, Fang SF, Zhang ZZ, Lu JM. IL-17 produced by Th17 cells alleviates the severity of fungal keratitis by suppressing CX43 expression in corneal peripheral vascular endothelial cells. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:274-287. [PMID: 30661459 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1556059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal keratitis is a relatively common ocular disease requiring positive medical management combined with surgical intervention. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) was reported to promote the activation and mobilization of neutrophile granulocyte to foci of inflammation. This study investigated the effect of IL-17 production from Th17 cells on the progression of fungal keratitis. A mouse model of fungal keratitis induced by Candida albicans was successfully constructed to detect infiltration of inflammatory cells in corneal tissues by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry. Fungal load capacity of mouse cornea was also detected. The regulatory role of IL-17 in fungal keratitis with the involvement of CX43 was investigated with the relevant expression of inflammatory factors detected and activation of vascular endothelial cells assessed. Furthermore, in vivo experiment was also performed to confirm the role of CX43 in keratitis. Mice with fungal keratitis showed increased level of inflammatory cytokines and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Silencing IL-17 in Th17 cells and overexpressing CX43 could inhibit the activation of vascular endothelial cells. Besides, CX43 knockdown in vivo alleviated fungal keratitis in mice. The possible mechanism of the above findings could be IL-17 inhibiting the level of CX43 through the AKT signaling pathway. Taken together, IL-17 could inhibit the occurrence and development of fungal keratitis by suppressing CX43 expression through the AKT signaling pathway. Therefore, this study provides a potential target for the treatment of fungal keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Hong Qin
- a Department of Ophthalmology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian , P. R. China
| | - Xiang Ma
- a Department of Ophthalmology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian , P. R. China
| | - Shi-Feng Fang
- a Department of Ophthalmology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian , P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Zhang
- b Department of Ophthalmology , Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Jian-Min Lu
- a Department of Ophthalmology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian , P. R. China
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11
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Li Y, Shen Y, Lin D, Zhang H, Wang T, Liu H, Wang Y. Neutrophils and IL17A mediate flagellar hook protein FlgE-induced mouse acute lung inflammation. Cell Microbiol 2018; 21:e12975. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology-Thrombosis and Hemostasis Group, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, College of Medicine; Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Ying Shen
- MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology-Thrombosis and Hemostasis Group, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, College of Medicine; Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Dandan Lin
- MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology-Thrombosis and Hemostasis Group, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, College of Medicine; Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory; Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao); Qingdao China
| | - Ting Wang
- MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology-Thrombosis and Hemostasis Group, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, College of Medicine; Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Microbiology; National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - Yiqiang Wang
- MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology-Thrombosis and Hemostasis Group, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, College of Medicine; Soochow University; Suzhou China
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12
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Garbutcheon-Singh KB, Carnt N, Pattamatta U, Samarawickrama C, White A, Calder V. A Review of the Cytokine IL-17 in Ocular Surface and Corneal Disease. Curr Eye Res 2018; 44:1-10. [PMID: 30230384 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2018.1519834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the role of interleukin-17 in ocular surface and corneal disease. Ocular surface and corneal disease is a leading cause of blindness and is an ongoing challenge for the public health sector to implement effective therapies. The majority of cells in corneal lesions are derived primarily from neutrophils that induce inflammatory events that lead to tissue damage. One of the key pro-inflammatory cytokines is IL-17, and it has been investigated in order to facilitate the understanding of the pathogenesis of ocular surface lesion development. Method: A review of the literature was performed through a systematic approach. Results: IL-17 has been shown to exacerbate dry eye disease, viral and bacterial keratitis lesion severity, although it was found to be protective for Acanthamoeba. Antibodies developed to neutralize IL-17 have shown some promise in reducing the severity of some diseases. Conclusion: IL-17 plays a role in the pathogenesis of ocular surface and corneal disease and targeting this cytokine may provide a useful treatment option in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N Carnt
- a Westmead Millennium Institute , Sydney , Australia.,b University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - U Pattamatta
- a Westmead Millennium Institute , Sydney , Australia.,c University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | | | - A White
- a Westmead Millennium Institute , Sydney , Australia.,c University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - V Calder
- d Institute of Ophthalmology , University College London , London , England
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13
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Lin J, He K, Zhao G, Li C, Hu L, Zhu G, Niu Y, Hao G. Mincle inhibits neutrophils and macrophages apoptosis in A. fumigatus keratitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 52:101-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jia C, Zhang F, Zhu Y, Qi X, Wang Y. Public data mining plus domestic experimental study defined involvement of the old-yet-uncharacterized gene matrix-remodeling associated 7 (MXRA7) in physiopathology of the eye. Gene 2017; 632:43-49. [PMID: 28847716 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-remodeling associated 7 (MXRA7) gene was first reported in 2002 and named so for its co-expression with several genes known to relate with matrix-remodeling. However, not any studies had been intentionally performed to characterize this gene. We started defining the functions of MXRA7 by integrating bioinformatics analysis and experimental study. Data mining of MXRA7 expression in BioGPS, Gene Expression Omnibus and EurExpress platforms highlighted high level expression of Mxra7 in murine ocular tissues. Real-time PCR was employed to measure Mxra7 mRNA in tissues of adult C57BL/6 mice and demonstrated that Mxra7 was preferentially expressed at higher level in retina, corneas and lens than in other tissues. Then the inflammatory corneal neovascularization (CorNV) model and fungal corneal infections were induced in Balb/c mice, and mRNA levels of Mxra7 as well as several matrix-remodeling related genes (Mmp3, Mmp13, Ecm1, Timp1) were monitored with RT-PCR. The results demonstrated a time-dependent Mxra7 under-expression pattern (U-shape curve along timeline), while all other matrix-remodeling related genes manifested an opposite changes pattern (dome-shape curve). When limited data from BioGPS concerning human MXRA7 gene expression in human tissues were looked at, it was found that ocular tissue was also the one expressing highest level of MXRA7. To conclude, integrative assay of MXRA7 gene expression in public databank as well as domestic animal models revealed a selective high expression MXRA7 in murine and human ocular tissues, and its change patterns in two corneal disease models implied that MXRA7 might play a role in pathological processes or diseases involving injury, neovascularization and would healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changkai Jia
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Eye Clinic, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Eye Hospital, Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xia Qi
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yiqiang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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15
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Hou A, Tong L. Expression, Regulation, and Effects of Interleukin-17f in the Human Ocular Surface. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2017; 26:1069-1077. [PMID: 28537453 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2017.1316411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the basal and possibly stimulated expression of interleukin (IL)-17 in the context of the ocular surface and potential downstream effects. METHODS Western blot and immunofluorescent staining were used to evaluate IL-17F expression in human cornea/conjunctival tissues and cornea epithelial cell line. Cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) transcripts were quantified by qPCR. IL-17F effects on NF-κB were investigated by the secretary alkaline phosphatase assay. RESULTS IL-17F was expressed in the cytoplasm of human corneal and conjunctival epithelial tissues. In the corneal cell line, exogenous IL-17F did not increase the NF-κB activity, but Pam3CSK4 increased IL-17F transcripts. IL-17F stimulated MMP-9 activity, promoted IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α transcripts levels, and depressed monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression, but did not affect transforming growth factor beta-1 transcript levels. CONCLUSIONS Normal corneal/conjunctival epithelial cells express IL-17F. Microbial agents may stimulate IL-17F via the NF-κB pathway. Matrix dissolution stimulated by IL-17F may have a role in the melting and necrosis of cornea in severe inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Hou
- a Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Louis Tong
- a Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,b Corneal and External Eye Disease Department, Singapore National Eye Center , Singapore.,c Duke-National University of Singapore Gradate Medical School , Singapore.,d Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , Singapore
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Wu J, Zhang WS, Zhao J, Zhou HY. Review of clinical and basic approaches of fungal keratitis. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:1676-1683. [PMID: 27990375 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.11.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal keratitis (FK) is a serious disease which can cause blindness. This review has current information about the pathogenesis, limitations of traditional diagnosis and therapeutic strategies, immune recognition and the diagnosis and therapy of FK. The information of this summary was reviewed regularly and updated as what we need in the diagnosis and therapy of FK nowadays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wen-Song Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
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Wei M, Duan D. Efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies targeting interleukin-17 pathway for inflammatory arthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:2771-2777. [PMID: 27672309 PMCID: PMC5024778 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s91374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
T-helper 17 (Th17) pathway plays an important and distinct role in autoimmunity and inflammation. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that interleukin-17 (IL-17) is also synthesized in inflammatory arthritis tissues and exerts potent proinflammatory and joint-destructive activities. Clinical studies have been performed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of antibodies blocking the IL-17 signaling pathway in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the clinical effects of IL-17 antibodies in RA patients. By searching PubMed, five randomized, placebo-controlled randomized controlled clinical trials that tested three antibodies against IL-17A (LY2439821 and secukinumab/AIN457) and the IL-17A receptor (brodalumab) were identified. The primary outcomes that were analyzed include American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Improvement Criteria and Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28). Meanwhile, the safety and adverse effects were also systematically analyzed. The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that IL-17 antibody is effective in ameliorating the RA symptoms. Specifically, IL-17-blocking antibody significantly reduced ACR20 and ACR50. It also dramatically reduced DAS28, an index that measures tenderness and swelling severity of joints. The side effects of and intolerance to the antibody treatment were higher than those in the placebo control. The analysis result provides evidence-based information for clinical use of these agents in the treatment of inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dongmei Duan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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18
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Zhong J, Huang W, Deng Q, Wu M, Jiang H, Lin X, Sun Y, Huang X, Yuan J. Inhibition of TREM-1 and Dectin-1 Alleviates the Severity of Fungal Keratitis by Modulating Innate Immune Responses. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150114. [PMID: 26963514 PMCID: PMC4786258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the possibility that inhibiting triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) and Dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin-1(Dectin-1) could modulate the innate immune response and alleviate the severity of corneal fungal keratitis. METHOD TREM-1 and Dectin-1 expression was detected in fungus-infected human corneal specimens by real-time PCR. C57BL/6 (B6) mice were injected with Aspergillus fumigatus and divided into 4 groups that received subconjunctival injections of PBS and IgG as a control (group I), mTREM-1/IgG fusion protein (group II), the soluble β-glucan antagonist laminarin (group III), or mTREM-1/Fc and laminarin (group IV). Corneal virulence was evaluated based on clinical scores. TREM-1 and Dectin-1 mRNA levels were assayed using real-time PCR. The distribution patterns of TREM-1, Dectin-1 and cellular infiltrates in fungus-infected corneas were examined by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, changes in T Helper Type1 (Th1)-/ T Helper Type1 (Th2)- type cytokines and proinflammatory cytokines were measured. RESULTS The expression of TREM-1 and Dectin-1 increased significantly and correlated positively with the progression of fungal keratitis. Most infiltrated cells were neutrophils and secondarily macrophages in infected cornea. The clinical scores decreased after interfering with TREM-1 and Dectin-1 expression in infected mouse corneas. Levels of Th1-type cytokines including interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-18 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were decreased in the cornea, while the levels of Th2-type cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10, showed obvious increases. CONCLUSION TREM-1 and Dectin-1 function concurrently in the corneal innate immune response by regulating inflammatory cytokine expression in fungal keratitis. Inhibition of TREM-1 and Dectin-1 can alleviate the severity of corneal damage by downregulating the excessive inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510064, China
| | - Weilan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510064, China
| | - Qiuchan Deng
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Human virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Minhao Wu
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Human virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Huaili Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510064, China
| | - Yifang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510064, China
| | - Xi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510064, China
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Human virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- * E-mail: (XH); (JY)
| | - Jin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510064, China
- * E-mail: (XH); (JY)
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Underhill DM, Pearlman E. Immune Interactions with Pathogenic and Commensal Fungi: A Two-Way Street. Immunity 2016; 43:845-58. [PMID: 26588778 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We are exposed to a wide spectrum of fungi including innocuous environmental organisms, opportunistic pathogens, commensal organisms, and fungi that can actively and explicitly cause disease. Much less is understood about effective host immunity to fungi than is generally known about immunity to bacterial and viral pathogens. Innate and adaptive arms of the immune system are required for effective host defense against Candida, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, and others, with specific elements of the host response regulating specific types of fungal infections (e.g., mucocutaneous versus systemic). Here we will review themes and controversies that are currently shaping investigation of antifungal immunity (primarily to Candida and Aspergillus) and will also examine the emerging field of the role of fungi in the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Underhill
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, and the Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | - Eric Pearlman
- Institute for Immunology, and the Departments of Ophthalmology, and Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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20
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Jiang YX, Li GM, Yi D, Yu PW. A meta-analysis: The association between interleukin-17 pathway gene polymorphism and gastrointestinal diseases. Gene 2015; 572:243-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Isailovic N, Daigo K, Mantovani A, Selmi C. Interleukin-17 and innate immunity in infections and chronic inflammation. J Autoimmun 2015; 60:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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22
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He S, Zhang H, Liu S, Liu H, Chen G, Xie Y, Zhang J, Sun S, Li Z, Wang L. γδ T cells regulate the expression of cytokines but not the manifestation of fungal keratitis. Exp Eye Res 2015; 135:93-101. [PMID: 25864785 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As an important immunoregulatory cell type, the role of γδ T cells in fungal keratitis (FK) is unclear. We observed the distribution of γδ T cells in infected corneas in vivo by two-photon microscopy. The γδ T cells were depleted by neutralizing antibodies. The cytokine expression profile was obtained by protein arrays to determine the cytokines regulated by γδ T cells. ICAM-1, MIP-2 and IL-17A were evaluated by ELISA assays to confirm the role of γδ T cells in FK. We counted the number of neutrophils, evaluated the volume of fungal hyphae and analyzed the manifestation of the disease. The γδ T cells increased significantly at 36 h and 72 h post fungal infection (P < 0.05) and migrated from the limbus to the infection site. The neutralizing antibodies completely depleted the γδ T cells in 24 h. The depletion of γδ T cells led to up regulation of 25 cytokines and down regulation of 3 cytokines. ICAM-1, MIP-2 and IL-17A changed significantly because of the depletion of γδ T cells (P < 0.05). However, the number of neutrophils, volume of fungal hyphae and manifestation of the disease was not affected by the depletion of γδ T cells. Our results demonstrated that γδ T cells have a role in FK via regulation of some cytokines but did not affect the manifestation of this disease, suggesting that γδ T cells are not the key regulator cells in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu He
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Ophthalmology Department of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Ophthalmology Department of People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmin Zhang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Ophthalmology Department of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Ophthalmology Department of People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Susu Liu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Ophthalmology Department of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Ophthalmology Department of People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Ophthalmology Department of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Ophthalmology Department of People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoming Chen
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Ophthalmology Department of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Ophthalmology Department of People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanting Xie
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Ophthalmology Department of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Ophthalmology Department of People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Ophthalmology Department of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Ophthalmology Department of People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengtao Sun
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Ophthalmology Department of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Ophthalmology Department of People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Ophthalmology Department of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Ophthalmology Department of People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Liya Wang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Ophthalmology Department of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Ophthalmology Department of People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Li C, McClellan SA, Barrett R, Hazlett LD. Interleukin 17 regulates Mer tyrosine kinase-positive cells in Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:6886-900. [PMID: 25298414 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if IL-17 regulates Mer tyrosine kinase-positive (MerTK+) cells in Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis. METHODS Interleukin 17 was tested in normal and infected cornea of susceptible C57BL/6 and resistant BALB/c mice. The latter were treated with recombinant mouse (rm) IL-17; both groups were treated with IL-17 neutralizing antibody. Mice were infected, and clinical score, PCR, ELISA, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) assays tested expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators and polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte (PMN) infiltrate. Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) protein levels were assessed in both mouse strains, while MerTK+ cells were examined by immunostaining and cell sorting before and after IL-17 neutralization. RESULTS The IL-17 mRNA and protein were higher in C57BL/6 versus BALB/c cornea after infection. The rmIL-17 treatment of BALB/c mice modified proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators, but clinical score and MPO assay revealed no differences. However, only BALB/c mice treated with IL-17 neutralizing antibody showed increased disease, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) 2, and MPO levels. Fas and FasL protein levels, elevated earlier in BALB/c versus C57BL/6 mice, correlated with significantly more MerTK+ cells in BALB/c cornea at 3 days after infection. Neutralization of IL-17 in C57BL/6 mice elevated MerTK+ cells, while similar treatment of BALB/c mice significantly decreased them. CONCLUSIONS These data provide evidence that IL-17 expression is higher in C57BL/6 versus BALB/c cornea after infection and that the latter group has more MerTK+ cells. Exogenous rmIL-17 failed to shift the disease response in resistant mice, but its neutralization resulted in worsened disease and reduced MerTK+ cells. Neutralization of IL-17 in C57BL/6 mice increased MerTK+ cells but did not dramatically shift the disease response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sharon A McClellan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Ronald Barrett
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Linda D Hazlett
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
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25
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Zaidi T, Zaidi T, Cywes-Bentley C, Lu R, Priebe GP, Pier GB. Microbiota-driven immune cellular maturation is essential for antibody-mediated adaptive immunity to Staphylococcus aureus infection in the eye. Infect Immun 2014; 82:3483-91. [PMID: 24914214 PMCID: PMC4136232 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01951-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As an immune-privileged site, the eye, and particularly the outer corneal surface, lacks resident mature immune effector cells. Physical barriers and innate mediators are the best-described effectors of immunity in the cornea. When the barriers are breached, infection can result in rapid tissue destruction, leading to loss of visual acuity and frank blindness. To determine the cellular and molecular components needed for effective adaptive immunity on the corneal surface, we investigated which immune system effectors were required for protection against Staphylococcus aureus corneal infections in mice, which are a serious cause of human eye infections. Both systemically injected and topically applied antibodies to the conserved cell surface polysaccharide poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG) were effective at mediating reductions in corneal pathology and bacterial levels. Additional host factors impacting protection included intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1)-dependent polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) recruitment, functional CD4(+) T cells, signaling via the interleukin-17 (IL-17) receptor, and IL-22 production. In germfree mice, there was no protective efficacy of antibody to PNAG due to the lack of LY6G(+) inflammatory cell coeffector recruitment to the cornea. Protection was manifest after 3 weeks of exposure to conventional mice and acquisition of a resident microbiota. We conclude that in the anterior eye, ICAM-1-mediated PMN recruitment to the infected cornea along with endogenous microbiota-matured CD4(+) T cells producing both IL-17 and IL-22 is required for antibody to PNAG to protect against S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanweer Zaidi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tauqeer Zaidi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Colette Cywes-Bentley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roger Lu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory P Priebe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Divisions of Critical Care Medicine (Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine) and Infectious Diseases (Department of Medicine), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gerald B Pier
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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IL-6 as a druggable target in psoriasis: focus on pustular variants. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:964069. [PMID: 25126586 PMCID: PMC4122019 DOI: 10.1155/2014/964069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis vulgaris (PV) is a cutaneous inflammatory disorder stemming from abnormal, persistent activation of the interleukin- (IL-)23/Th17 axis. Pustular psoriasis (PP) is a clinicopathological variant of psoriasis, histopathologically defined by the predominance of intraepidermal collections of neutrophils. Although PP pathogenesis is thought to largely follow that of (PV), recent evidences point to a more central role for IL-1, IL-36, and IL-6 in the development of PP. We review the role of IL-6 in the pathogenesis of PV and PP, focusing on its cross-talk with cytokines of the IL-23/Th17 axis. Clinical inhibitors of IL-6 signaling, including tocilizumab, have shown significant effectiveness in the treatment of several inflammatory rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis; accordingly, anti-IL-6 agents may potentially represent future promising therapies for the treatment of PP.
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Taylor PR, Leal SM, Sun Y, Pearlman E. Aspergillus and Fusarium corneal infections are regulated by Th17 cells and IL-17-producing neutrophils. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:3319-27. [PMID: 24591369 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium and Aspergillus species of mold are major causes of corneal infections in the United States and worldwide, resulting in severe visual impairment and blindness. As there is evidence for T cell responses to these pathogenic fungi in infected individuals, we examined the role of IL-17A (IL-17) and IFN-γ in murine models of fungal keratitis. We found that C57BL/6 mice given intratracheal or s.c. immunization of conidia prior to corneal infection exhibited enhanced fungal killing and lower corneal opacity compared with unimmunized mice. Protective immunity was associated with temporal recruitment of IL-17-producing neutrophils and Th17 and Th1 cells and dependent on production of IL-17 but not IFN-γ. Protection was also impaired in neutrophil-depleted and Rag2(-/-) mice. Together, the results of these studies identify an essential role for IL-17-producing neutrophils and Th17 cells in regulating the growth of fungal hyphae and the severity of corneal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia R Taylor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
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