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Guo CC, Xu HE, Ma X. ARID3a from the ARID family: structure, role in autoimmune diseases and drug discovery. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:2139-2150. [PMID: 37488425 PMCID: PMC10618457 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The AT-rich interaction domain (ARID) family of DNA-binding proteins is a group of transcription factors and chromatin regulators with a highly conserved ARID domain that recognizes specific AT-rich DNA sequences. Dysfunction of ARID family members has been implicated in various human diseases including cancers and intellectual disability. Among them, ARID3a has gained increasing attention due to its potential involvement in autoimmunity. In this article we provide an overview of the ARID family, focusing on the structure and biological functions of ARID3a. It explores the role of ARID3a in autoreactive B cells and its contribution to autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and primary biliary cholangitis. Furthermore, we also discuss the potential for drug discovery targeting ARID3a and present a plan for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cen Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, 200001, China.
| | - H Eric Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Xiong Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, 200001, China.
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2
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Bauer AN, Majumdar N, Williams F, Rajput S, Pokhrel LR, Cook PP, Akula SM. MicroRNAs: Small but Key Players in Viral Infections and Immune Responses to Viral Pathogens. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1334. [PMID: 37887044 PMCID: PMC10604607 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in C. elegans in 1993, the field of miRNA research has grown steeply. These single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules canonically work at the post-transcriptional phase to regulate protein expression. miRNAs are known to regulate viral infection and the ensuing host immune response. Evolving research suggests miRNAs are assets in the discovery and investigation of therapeutics and diagnostics. In this review, we succinctly summarize the latest findings in (i) mechanisms underpinning miRNA regulation of viral infection, (ii) miRNA regulation of host immune response to viral pathogens, (iii) miRNA-based diagnostics and therapeutics targeting viral pathogens and challenges, and (iv) miRNA patents and the market landscape. Our findings show the differential expression of miRNA may serve as a prognostic biomarker for viral infections in regard to predicting the severity or adverse health effects associated with viral diseases. While there is huge market potential for miRNA technology, the novel approach of using miRNA mimics to enhance antiviral activity or antagonists to inhibit pro-viral miRNAs has been an ongoing research endeavor. Significant hurdles remain in terms of miRNA delivery, stability, efficacy, safety/tolerability, and specificity. Addressing these challenges may pave a path for harnessing the full potential of miRNAs in modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anais N. Bauer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (A.N.B.); (N.M.); (F.W.)
| | - Niska Majumdar
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (A.N.B.); (N.M.); (F.W.)
| | - Frank Williams
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (A.N.B.); (N.M.); (F.W.)
| | - Smit Rajput
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
| | - Lok R. Pokhrel
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
| | - Paul P. Cook
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
| | - Shaw M. Akula
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (A.N.B.); (N.M.); (F.W.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
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3
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Suchanek O, Clatworthy MR. Homeostatic role of B-1 cells in tissue immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1106294. [PMID: 37744333 PMCID: PMC10515722 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1106294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, studies of tissue-resident immunity have mainly focused on innate immune cells and T cells, with limited data on B cells. B-1 B cells are a unique subset of B cells with innate-like properties, enriched in murine pleural and peritoneal cavities and distinct from conventional B-2 cells in their ontogeny, phenotype and function. Here we discuss how B-1 cells represent exemplar tissue-resident immune cells, summarizing the evidence for their long-term persistence & self-renewal within tissues, differential transcriptional programming shaped by organ-specific environmental cues, as well as their tissue-homeostatic functions. Finally, we review the emerging data supporting the presence and homeostatic role of B-1 cells across non-lymphoid organs (NLOs) both in mouse and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Suchanek
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Menna R. Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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4
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Sun S, Wijanarko K, Liani O, Strumila K, Ng ES, Elefanty AG, Stanley EG. Lymphoid cell development from fetal hematopoietic progenitors and human pluripotent stem cells. Immunol Rev 2023; 315:154-170. [PMID: 36939073 PMCID: PMC10952469 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Lymphoid cells encompass the adaptive immune system, including T and B cells and Natural killer T cells (NKT), and innate immune cells (ILCs), including Natural Killer (NK) cells. During adult life, these lineages are thought to derive from the differentiation of long-term hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) residing in the bone marrow. However, during embryogenesis and fetal development, the ontogeny of lymphoid cells is both complex and multifaceted, with a large body of evidence suggesting that lymphoid lineages arise from progenitor cell populations antedating the emergence of HSCs. Recently, the application of single cell RNA-sequencing technologies and pluripotent stem cell-based developmental models has provided new insights into lymphoid ontogeny during embryogenesis. Indeed, PSC differentiation platforms have enabled de novo generation of lymphoid immune cells independently of HSCs, supporting conclusions drawn from the study of hematopoiesis in vivo. Here, we examine lymphoid development from non-HSC progenitor cells and technological advances in the differentiation of human lymphoid cells from pluripotent stem cells for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Sun
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kevin Wijanarko
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Oniko Liani
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kathleen Strumila
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Elizabeth S. Ng
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Andrew G. Elefanty
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Edouard G. Stanley
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
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Herrock OT, Deer E, Amaral LM, Campbell N, Lemon J, Ingram N, Cornelius DC, Turner TW, Fitzgerald S, Ibrahim T, Dechend R, Wallukat G, LaMarca B. B2 cells contribute to hypertension and natural killer cell activation possibly via AT1-AA in response to placental ischemia. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 324:F179-F192. [PMID: 36417275 PMCID: PMC9844978 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00190.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia, new onset hypertension during pregnancy, is associated with activated T helper cells (Th) and B cells secreting agonistic autoantibodies against the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1-AA). The reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) model of placental ischemia recapitulates these characteristics. We have shown that Th-B cell communication contributes to AT1-AA and symptoms of preeclampsia in the RUPP rat. B2 cells are classical B cells that communicate with Th cells and are then transformed into memory B cells. We hypothesize that B2 cells cause hypertension, natural killer (NK) cell activation, and complement activation during pregnancy through the production of AT1-AA. To test this hypothesis, total splenic B cells and B2 cells were isolated from normal pregnant (NP) or RUPP rats on gestational day (GD)19 and adoptively transferred into GD12 NP rats. A group of recipient rats was treated with a specific inhibitor peptide of AT1-AA. On GD19, mean arterial pressure was measured, tissues were collected, activated NK cells were measured by flow cytometry, and AT1-AA was measured by cardiomyocyte assay. NP recipients of RUPP B cells or RUPP B2 cells had increased mean arterial pressure, AT1-AA, and circulating activated NK cells compared with recipients of NP B cells. Hypertension in NP recipients of RUPP B cells or RUPP B2 was attenuated with AT1-AA blockade. This study demonstrates that B cells and B2 cells from RUPP rats cause hypertension and increased AT1-AA and NK cell activation in response to placental ischemia during pregnancy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates that placental ischemia-stimulated B2 cells induce hypertension and circulating natural killer cell activation and angiotensin II type 1 receptor production in normal pregnant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen T Herrock
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Evangeline Deer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Lorena M Amaral
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Nathan Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - James Lemon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Nicole Ingram
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Denise C Cornelius
- Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Ty W Turner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Sarah Fitzgerald
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Tarek Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Ralf Dechend
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, HELIOS Clinic, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd Wallukat
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, HELIOS Clinic, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Babbette LaMarca
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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Rowane MJ, Stewart-Bates BC, Doll RJ, Meyerson HJ, Venglarcik JS, Callahan M, Fill L, Saab R, Ochs HD, Hostoffer RW. CD5 B-Cell Predominant Primary Immunodeficiency: Part of the Spectrum of MAGT1 Deficiency. THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN ALLERGY AND RHINOLOGY 2023; 14:27534030231199675. [PMID: 37706151 PMCID: PMC10496486 DOI: 10.1177/27534030231199675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Selective anti-polysaccharide antibody deficiency (SPAD) with CD5 B-cell predominance and autoimmune phenomena was identified in a male cohort first reported by Antall et al in 1999. The phenotypically likewise and genotypically identical X-linked immunodeficiency with magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr Virus infection, and neoplasia (XMEN) disease was defined as a novel primary immunodeficiency (PID) in 2011. Recent studies of the magnesium transporter 1 (MAGT1) gene mutation reveal glycosylation defects contributing to more phenotypic variance than the "XMEN" title pathologies. The updated title, "X-linked MAGT1 deficiency with increased susceptibility to EBV-infection and N-linked glycosylation defect," was proposed in 2020. Objectives To reflect the patient population more accurately, a prospective classification update may consider MAGT1 glycobiological errors contributing to phenotypic variance but also pre-genetic testing era reports with CD5 B-cell predominance. Methods Patient 1 from Antall et al presented at 28 years of age for further immunological evaluation of his CD5/CD19 B-cell predominance diagnosed at 5 years old. Design Immune re-evaluation done through flow cytometry and next-generation sequencing. Results Flow cytometry B-cell phenotyping revealed persistent CD5+CD19+ (93%). Flow cytometric histogram quantified reduced activator CD16+CD56+ natural killer and CD8+ T-cell receptor, Group 2, Member D (NKG2D) glycoprotein expression. A c.923-1_934 deletion loss of function mutation was identified in the MAGT1 gene. Conclusion We suggest the novel PID XMEN, based on its CD5 B-cell predominance, had been discovered and reported over a decade earlier as CD5+ PID based on the MAGT1 mutation found in the same. We encourage consideration of combining these labels and recent findings to offer the most accurate classification of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija J. Rowane
- Children's Hospital of St. Francis at Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | | | - Rayna J. Doll
- Spokane Allergy & Asthma Clinic, Spokane, Washington
| | - Howard J. Meyerson
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - John S. Venglarcik
- Department of Pediatrics, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Meghan Callahan
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren Fill
- Allergy/Immunology Associates, Inc., Mayfield Heights, Ohio
| | - Remie Saab
- University Hospitals Community Consortium Geauga, Geauga, Ohio
| | - Hans D. Ochs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
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Single-cell genomics identifies distinct B1 cell developmental pathways and reveals aging-related changes in the B-cell receptor repertoire. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:57. [PMID: 35526067 PMCID: PMC9080186 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00795-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background B1 cells are self-renewing innate-like B lymphocytes that provide the first line of defense against pathogens. B1 cells primarily reside in the peritoneal cavity and are known to originate from various fetal tissues, yet their developmental pathways and the mechanisms underlying maintenance of B1 cells throughout adulthood remain unclear. Results We performed high-throughput single-cell analysis of the transcriptomes and B-cell receptor repertoires of peritoneal B cells of neonates, young adults, and elderly mice. Gene expression analysis of 31,718 peritoneal B cells showed that the neonate peritoneal cavity contained many B1 progenitors, and neonate B cell specific clustering revealed two trajectories of peritoneal B1 cell development, including pre-BCR dependent and pre-BCR independent pathways. We also detected profound age-related changes in B1 cell transcriptomes: clear difference in senescence genetic program was evident in differentially aged B1 cells, and we found an example that a B1 subset only present in the oldest mice was marked by expression of the fatty-acid receptor CD36. We also performed antibody gene sequencing of 15,967 peritoneal B cells from the three age groups and discovered that B1 cell aging was associated with clonal expansion and two B1 cell clones expanded in the aged mice had the same CDR-H3 sequence (AGDYDGYWYFDV) as a pathogenically linked cell type from a recent study of an atherosclerosis mouse model. Conclusions Beyond offering an unprecedent data resource to explore the cell-to-cell variation in B cells, our study has revealed that B1 precursor subsets are present in the neonate peritoneal cavity and dissected the developmental pathway of the precursor cells. Besides, this study has found the expression of CD36 on the B1 cells in the aged mice. And the single-cell B-cell receptor sequencing reveals B1 cell aging is associated with clonal expansion. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00795-6.
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Old and New Facts and Speculations on the Role of the B Cell Receptor in the Origin of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214249. [PMID: 36430731 PMCID: PMC9693457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The engagement of the B cell receptor (BcR) on the surface of leukemic cells represents a key event in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) since it can lead to the maintenance and expansion of the neoplastic clone. This notion was initially suggested by observations of the CLL BcR repertoire and of correlations existing between certain BcR features and the clinical outcomes of single patients. Based on these observations, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which block BcR signaling, have been introduced in therapy with the aim of inhibiting CLL cell clonal expansion and of controlling the disease. Indeed, the impressive results obtained with these compounds provided further proof of the role of BcR in CLL. In this article, the key steps that led to the determination of the role of BcR are reviewed, including the features of the CLL cell repertoire and the fine mechanisms causing BcR engagement and cell signaling. Furthermore, we discuss the biological effects of the engagement, which can lead to cell survival/proliferation or apoptosis depending on certain intrinsic cell characteristics and on signals that the micro-environment can deliver to the leukemic cells. In addition, consideration is given to alternative mechanisms promoting cell proliferation in the absence of BcR signaling, which can explain in part the incomplete effectiveness of TKI therapies. The role of the BcR in determining clonal evolution and disease progression is also described. Finally, we discuss possible models to explain the selection of a special BcR set during leukemogenesis. The BcR may deliver activation signals to the cells, which lead to their uncontrolled growth, with the possible collaboration of other still-undefined events which are capable of deregulating the normal physiological response of B cells to BcR-delivered stimuli.
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Souza OF, Popi AF. Role of microRNAs in B-Cell Compartment: Development, Proliferation and Hematological Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10082004. [PMID: 36009551 PMCID: PMC9405569 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell development is a very orchestrated pathway that involves several molecules, such as transcription factors, cytokines, microRNAs, and also different cells. All these components maintain the ideal microenvironment and control B-cell differentiation. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that bind to target mRNA to control gene expression. These molecules could circulate in the body in a free form, protein-bounded, or encapsulated into extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes. The comprehension of the role of microRNAs in the B-cell development was possible based on microRNA profile of each B-cell stage and functional studies. Herein, we report the knowledge about microRNAs in the B-cell the differentiation, proliferation, and also in hematological malignancies.
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10
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Fu Y, Wang L, Yu B, Xu D, Chu Y. Immunometabolism shapes B cell fate and functions. Immunology 2022; 166:444-457. [PMID: 35569110 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Luman Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
- Biotherapy Research Center Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Baichao Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Damo Xu
- School of Medicine Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group Shenzhen China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
- Biotherapy Research Center Fudan University Shanghai China
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11
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Immunopathogenesis of patients with COVID-19: from the perspective of immune system 'evolution' and 'revolution'. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 24:e19. [PMID: 35535759 PMCID: PMC9884756 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is sweeping the world, threatening millions of lives and drastically altering our ways of living. According to current studies, failure to either activate or eliminate inflammatory responses timely and properly at certain stages could result in the progression of the disease. In other words, robust immune responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are critical. However, they do not theoretically present in some special groups of people, including the young, the aged, patients with autoimmunity or cancer. Differences also do occur between men and women. Our immune system evolves to ensure delicate coordination at different stages of life. The innate immune cells mainly consisted of myeloid lineage cells, including neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells and mast cells; they possess phagocytic capacity to different degrees at different stages of life. They are firstly recruited upon infection and may activate the adaptive immunity when needed. The adaptive immune cells, on the other way, are comprised mainly of lymphoid lineages. As one grows up, the adaptive immunity matures and expands its memory repertoire, accompanied by an adjustment in quantity and quality. In this review, we would summarise and analyse the immunological characteristics of these groups from the perspective of the immune system 'evolution' as well as 'revolution' that has been studied and speculated so far, which would aid the comprehensive understanding of COVID-19 and personalised-treatment strategy.
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12
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Mahmoudi A, Moadab F, Safdarian E, Navashenaq JG, Rezaee M, Gheibihayat SM. MicroRNAs and Efferocytosis: Implications for Diagnosis and Therapy. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2641-2660. [PMID: 35362375 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220330150937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
About 10-100 billion cells are generated in the human body in a day, and accordingly, 10-100 billion cells predominantly die for maintaining homeostasis. Dead cells generated by apoptosis are also rapidly engulfed by macrophages (Mθs) to be degraded. In case of the inefficient engulfment of apoptotic cells (ACs) via Mθs, they experience secondary necrosis and thus release intracellular materials, which display damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and result in diseases. Over the last decades, researchers have also reflected on the significant contribution of microRNAs (miRNAs) to autoimmune diseases through the regulation of Mθs functions. Moreover, miRNAs have shown intricate involvement with completely adjusting basic Mθs functions, such as phagocytosis, inflammation, efferocytosis, tumor promotion, and tissue repair. In this review, the mechanism of efferocytosis containing "Find-Me", "Eat-Me", and "Digest-Me" signals is summarized and the biogenesis of miRNAs is briefly described. Finally, the role of miRNAs in efferocytosis is discussed. It is concluded that miRNAs represent promising treatments and diagnostic targets in impaired phagocytic clearance, which leads to different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahmoudi
- Department of medical biotechnology and nanotechnology, faculty of medicine, Mashhad University of Medical science, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moadab
- Medical student, Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Esmat Safdarian
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Rezaee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran;
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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13
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Neu SD, Dittel BN. Characterization of Definitive Regulatory B Cell Subsets by Cell Surface Phenotype, Function and Context. Front Immunol 2022; 12:787464. [PMID: 34987513 PMCID: PMC8721101 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.787464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cell or “Breg” is a broad term that represents the anti-inflammatory activity of B cells, but does not describe their individual phenotypes, specific mechanisms of regulation or relevant disease contexts. Thus, given the variety of B cell regulatory mechanisms reported in human disease and their animal models, a more thorough and comprehensive identification strategy is needed for tracking and comparing B cell subsets between research groups and in clinical settings. This review summarizes the discovery process and mechanism of action for well-defined regulatory B cell subsets with an emphasis on the mouse model of multiple sclerosis experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. We discuss the importance of conducting thorough B cell phenotyping along with mechanistic studies prior to defining a particular subset of B cells as Breg. Since virtually all B cell subsets can exert regulatory activity, it is timely for their definitive identification across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah D Neu
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Bonnie N Dittel
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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14
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Pieters T, T’Sas S, Vanhee S, Almeida A, Driege Y, Roels J, Van Loocke W, Daneels W, Baens M, Marchand A, Van Trimpont M, Matthijssens F, Morscio J, Lemeire K, Lintermans B, Reunes L, Chaltin P, Offner F, Van Dorpe J, Hochepied T, Berx G, Beyaert R, Staal J, Van Vlierberghe P, Goossens S. Cyclin D2 overexpression drives B1a-derived MCL-like lymphoma in mice. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20202280. [PMID: 34406363 PMCID: PMC8377631 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B cell lymphoma with poor long-term overall survival. Currently, MCL research and development of potential cures is hampered by the lack of good in vivo models. MCL is characterized by recurrent translocations of CCND1 or CCND2, resulting in overexpression of the cell cycle regulators cyclin D1 or D2, respectively. Here, we show, for the first time, that hematopoiesis-specific activation of cyclin D2 is sufficient to drive murine MCL-like lymphoma development. Furthermore, we demonstrate that cyclin D2 overexpression can synergize with loss of p53 to form aggressive and transplantable MCL-like lymphomas. Strikingly, cyclin D2-driven lymphomas display transcriptional, immunophenotypic, and functional similarities with B1a B cells. These MCL-like lymphomas have B1a-specific B cell receptors (BCRs), show elevated BCR and NF-κB pathway activation, and display increased MALT1 protease activity. Finally, we provide preclinical evidence that inhibition of MALT1 protease activity, which is essential for the development of early life-derived B1a cells, can be an effective therapeutic strategy to treat MCL.
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MESH Headings
- Allografts
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cyclin D2/genetics
- Cyclin D2/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Translocation 1 Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Translocation 1 Protein/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Pieters
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara T’Sas
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Vanhee
- Center for Inflammation Research, Flemish Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - André Almeida
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yasmine Driege
- Center for Inflammation Research, Flemish Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Juliette Roels
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Van Loocke
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Willem Daneels
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathijs Baens
- Center for Innovation and Stimulation of Drug Discovery Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Marchand
- Center for Innovation and Stimulation of Drug Discovery Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maaike Van Trimpont
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Matthijssens
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Morscio
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kelly Lemeire
- Center for Inflammation Research, Flemish Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Béatrice Lintermans
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lindy Reunes
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Chaltin
- Center for Innovation and Stimulation of Drug Discovery Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Drug Design and Discovery, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fritz Offner
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Van Dorpe
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tino Hochepied
- Center for Inflammation Research, Flemish Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Berx
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Inflammation Research, Flemish Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Center for Inflammation Research, Flemish Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jens Staal
- Center for Inflammation Research, Flemish Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Goossens
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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15
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Czaja AJ. Review article: targeting the B cell activation system in autoimmune hepatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021; 54:902-922. [PMID: 34506662 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The B cell activation system, consisting of B cell activating factor and a proliferation-inducing ligand, may have pathogenic effects in autoimmune hepatitis. AIMS To describe the biological actions of the B cell activation system, indicate its possible role in autoimmune diseases, and evaluate its prospects as a therapeutic target in autoimmune hepatitis METHODS: English abstracts were identified in PubMed by multiple search terms. Full length articles were selected for review, and secondary and tertiary bibliographies were developed. RESULTS The B cell activating factor is crucial for the maturation and survival of B cells, and it can co-stimulate T cell activation, proliferation, and survival. It can also modulate the immune response by inducing interleukin 10 production by regulatory B cells. A proliferation-inducing ligand modulates and diversifies the antibody response by inducing class-switch recombination in B cells. It can also increase the proliferation, survival, and antigen activation of T cells. These immune stimulatory actions can be modulated by inducing proliferation of regulatory T cells. The B cell activation system has been implicated in diverse autoimmune diseases, and therapeutic blockade is a management strategy now being evaluated in autoimmune hepatitis. CONCLUSIONS The B cell activation system has profound effects on B and T cell function in autoimmune diseases. Blockade therapy is being actively evaluated in autoimmune hepatitis. Clarification of the critical pathogenic components of the B cell activation system will improve the targeting, efficacy, and safety of blockade therapy in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J Czaja
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
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16
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CD5-Positive B Lymphocytes after Kidney Transplantation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11091574. [PMID: 34573916 PMCID: PMC8470969 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for end-stage kidney diseases. Unfortunately, kidney allograft recipients rarely develop tolerance or accommodation and require life-long immunosuppression. Among many other regulatory mechanisms, CD5+ B lymphocytes (mainly B-1a) seem to be involved in the process of allograft acceptance. These cells are the major source of natural, low-affinity antibodies, which are polyreactive. Thus, we hypothesized that CD5+ B cells could be referred to as a biomarker in those patients who developed accommodation towards kidney allotransplant. In this study, 52 low-immunized kidney transplant recipients were evaluated for transplant outcome up to 8 y post-transplant. The follow up included anti-HLA antibodies, B cells phenotype and cytokines. We have identified a cohort of recipients who produced alloantibodies (Abs+), which was associated with increased levels of CD5+ B cells, mainly during the first year after transplantation but also later on. Importantly, creatinine levels were comparable between Abs+ and Abs− allorecipients at 2 years after the transplantation and graft survival rate was comparable between these groups even eight years post-transplant. So, it seems that despite the presence of alloantibodies the graft function was sustained when the level of CD5+ B cells was increased. Targeting CD5+ B cells may be a valuable therapeutic option to increase transplant success. The phenotype can be also tried as a biomarker to increase the effectiveness of individualized post-transplant treatments.
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17
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Lu Y, Liu M, Yang J, Weissman SM, Pan X, Katz SG, Wang S. Spatial transcriptome profiling by MERFISH reveals fetal liver hematopoietic stem cell niche architecture. Cell Discov 2021; 7:47. [PMID: 34183665 PMCID: PMC8238952 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-021-00266-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche has been extensively studied in bone marrow, yet a more systematic investigation into the microenvironment regulation of hematopoiesis in fetal liver is necessary. Here we investigate the spatial organization and transcriptional profile of individual cells in both wild type (WT) and Tet2−/− fetal livers, by multiplexed error robust fluorescence in situ hybridization. We find that specific pairs of fetal liver cell types are preferentially positioned next to each other. Ligand-receptor signaling molecule pairs such as Kitl and Kit are enriched in neighboring cell types. The majority of HSCs are in direct contact with endothelial cells (ECs) in both WT and Tet2−/− fetal livers. Loss of Tet2 increases the number of HSCs, and upregulates Wnt and Notch signaling genes in the HSC niche. Two subtypes of ECs, arterial ECs and sinusoidal ECs, and other cell types contribute distinct signaling molecules to the HSC niche. Collectively, this study provides a comprehensive picture and bioinformatic foundation for HSC spatial regulation in fetal liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Lu
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Jennifer Yang
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | | | - Xinghua Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Samuel G Katz
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA.
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA.
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18
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Mahajan VS, Mattoo H, Sun N, Viswanadham V, Yuen GJ, Allard-Chamard H, Ahmad M, Murphy SJH, Cariappa A, Tuncay Y, Pillai S. B1a and B2 cells are characterized by distinct CpG modification states at DNMT3A-maintained enhancers. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2208. [PMID: 33850140 PMCID: PMC8044213 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22458-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The B1 and B2 lineages of B cells contribute to protection from pathogens in distinct ways. The role of the DNA CpG methylome in specifying these two B-cell fates is still unclear. Here we profile the CpG modifications and transcriptomes of peritoneal B1a and follicular B2 cells, as well as their respective proB cell precursors in the fetal liver and adult bone marrow from wild-type and CD19-Cre Dnmt3a floxed mice lacking DNMT3A in the B lineage. We show that an underlying foundational CpG methylome is stably established during B lineage commitment and is overlaid with a DNMT3A-maintained dynamic methylome that is sculpted in distinct ways in B1a and B2 cells. This dynamic DNMT3A-maintained methylome is composed of novel enhancers that are closely linked to lineage-specific genes. While DNMT3A maintains the methylation state of these enhancers in both B1a and B2 cells, the dynamic methylome undergoes a prominent programmed demethylation event during B1a but not B2 cell development. We propose that the methylation pattern of DNMT3A-maintained enhancers is determined by the coincident recruitment of DNMT3A and TET enzymes, which regulate the developmental expression of B1a and B2 lineage-specific genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay S Mahajan
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hamid Mattoo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Immunology and Inflammation Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Na Sun
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vinayak Viswanadham
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Grace J Yuen
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Maimuna Ahmad
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Yesim Tuncay
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shiv Pillai
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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19
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Identifying the Immunological Gene Signatures of Immune Cell Subtypes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6639698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is a complicated defensive system that comprises multiple functional cells and molecules acting against endogenous and exogenous pathogenic factors. Identifying immune cell subtypes and recognizing their unique immunological functions are difficult because of the complicated cellular components and immunological functions of the immune system. With the development of transcriptomics and high-throughput sequencing, the gene expression profiling of immune cells can provide a new strategy to explore the immune cell subtyping. On the basis of the new profiling data of mouse immune cell gene expression from the Immunological Genome Project (ImmGen), a novel computational pipeline was applied to identify different immune cell subtypes, including αβ T cells, B cells, γδ T cells, and innate lymphocytes. First, the profiling data was analyzed by a powerful feature selection method, Monte-Carlo Feature Selection, resulting in a feature list and some informative features. For the list, the two-stage incremental feature selection method, incorporating random forest as the classification algorithm, was applied to extract essential gene signatures and build an efficient classifier. On the other hand, a rule learning scheme was applied on the informative features to construct quantitative expression rules. A group of gene signatures was found as qualitatively related to the biological processes of four immune cell subtypes. The quantitative expression rules can efficiently cluster immune cells. This work provides a novel computational tool for immune cell quantitative subtyping and biomarker recognition.
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20
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Jackson TR, Ling RE, Roy A. The Origin of B-cells: Human Fetal B Cell Development and Implications for the Pathogenesis of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Immunol 2021; 12:637975. [PMID: 33679795 PMCID: PMC7928347 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human B-lymphopoiesis is a dynamic life-long process that starts in utero by around six post-conception weeks. A detailed understanding of human fetal B-lymphopoiesis and how it changes in postnatal life is vital for building a complete picture of normal B-lymphoid development through ontogeny, and its relevance in disease. B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is one of the most common cancers in children, with many of the leukemia-initiating events originating in utero. It is likely that the biology of B-ALL, including leukemia initiation, maintenance and progression depends on the developmental stage and type of B-lymphoid cell in which it originates. This is particularly important for early life leukemias, where specific characteristics of fetal B-cells might be key to determining how the disease behaves, including response to treatment. These cellular, molecular and/or epigenetic features are likely to change with age in a cell intrinsic and/or microenvironment directed manner. Most of our understanding of fetal B-lymphopoiesis has been based on murine data, but many recent studies have focussed on characterizing human fetal B-cell development, including functional and molecular assays at a single cell level. In this mini-review we will give a short overview of the recent advances in the understanding of human fetal B-lymphopoiesis, including its relevance to infant/childhood leukemia, and highlight future questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Jackson
- Department of Paediatrics and MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca E Ling
- Department of Paediatrics and MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anindita Roy
- Department of Paediatrics and MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
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21
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Homeostasis and regulation of autoreactive B cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:561-569. [PMID: 32382130 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the previous belief that autoreactive B cells are eliminated from the normal repertoire of B cells, many autoreactive B cells actually escape clonal deletion and develop into mature B cells. These autoreactive B cells in healthy individuals perform some beneficial functions in the host and are homeostatically regulated by regulatory T and B cells or other mechanisms to prevent autoimmune diseases. Autoreactive B-1 cells constitutively produce polyreactive natural antibodies for tissue homeostasis. Recently, autoreactive follicular B cells were reported to participate actively in the germinal center reaction. Furthermore, the selection and usefulness of autoreactive marginal zone (MZ) B cells found in autoimmune diseases are not well understood, although the repertoire of MZ B-cell receptors (BCRs) is presumed to be biased to detect bacterial antigens. In this review, we discuss the autoreactive B-cell populations among all three major B-cell subsets and their regulation in immune responses and diseases.
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22
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Abstract
The age-associated B cell subset has been the focus of increasing interest over the last decade. These cells have a unique cell surface phenotype and transcriptional signature, and they rely on TLR7 or TLR9 signals in the context of Th1 cytokines for their formation and activation. Most are antigen-experienced memory B cells that arise during responses to microbial infections and are key to pathogen clearance and control. Their increasing prevalence with age contributes to several well-established features of immunosenescence, including reduced B cell genesis and damped immune responses. In addition, they are elevated in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, and in these settings they are enriched for characteristic autoantibody specificities. Together, these features identify age-associated B cells as a subset with pivotal roles in immunological health, disease, and aging. Accordingly, a detailed understanding of their origins, functions, and physiology should make them tractable translational targets in each of these settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Cancro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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23
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Kumar D, Romero Y, Schuck KN, Smalley H, Subedi B, Fleming SD. Drivers and regulators of humoral innate immune responses to infection and cancer. Mol Immunol 2020; 121:99-110. [PMID: 32199212 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The complement cascade consists of cell bound and serum proteins acting together to protect the host from pathogens, remove cancerous cells and effectively links innate and adaptive immune responses. Despite its usefulness in microbial neutralization and clearance of cancerous cells, excessive complement activation causes an immune imbalance and tissue damage in the host. Hence, a series of complement regulatory proteins present at a higher concentration in blood plasma and on cell surfaces tightly regulate the cascade. The complement cascade can be initiated by B-1 B cell production of natural antibodies. Natural antibodies arise spontaneously without any known exogenous antigenic or microbial stimulus and protect against invading pathogens, clear apoptotic cells, provide tissue homeostasis, and modulate adaptive immune functions. Natural IgM antibodies recognize microbial and cancer antigens and serve as an activator of complement mediated lysis. This review will discuss advances in complement activation and regulation in bacterial and viral infections, and cancer. We will also explore the crosstalk of natural antibodies with bacterial populations and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Yeni Romero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Kaitlynn N Schuck
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Haley Smalley
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Bibek Subedi
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Sherry D Fleming
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
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24
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Jacobsen JA, Bartom ET, Sigvardsson M, Kee BL. Ezh2 Represses Transcription of Innate Lymphoid Genes in B Lymphocyte Progenitors and Maintains the B-2 Cell Fate. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1760-1769. [PMID: 32094206 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocyte lineage specification and commitment requires the activation of lineage-specific genes and repression of alternative lineage genes, respectively. The mechanisms governing alternative lineage gene repression and commitment in lymphocytes are largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that Ezh2, which represses gene expression through methylation of histone 3 lysine 27, was essential for repression of numerous genes, including genes encoding innate lymphocyte transcription factors, specifically in murine B lymphocyte progenitors, but these cells maintained their B lymphocyte identity. However, adult Ezh2-deficient B lymphocytes expressed Lin28b, which encodes an RNA-binding protein associated with fetal hematopoietic gene expression programs, and these cells acquired a fetal B-1 lymphocyte phenotype in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, Ezh2 coordinates the repression of multiple gene programs in B lymphocytes and maintains the adult B-2 cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth T Bartom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Mikael Sigvardsson
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden; and
| | - Barbara L Kee
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60657; .,Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60657
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25
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Abstract
Neonatal CD4+ and CD8+ T cells have historically been characterized as immature or defective. However, recent studies prompt a reinterpretation of the functions of neonatal T cells. Rather than a population of cells always falling short of expectations set by their adult counterparts, neonatal T cells are gaining recognition as a distinct population of lymphocytes well suited for the rapidly changing environment in early life. In this review, I will highlight new evidence indicating that neonatal T cells are not inert or less potent versions of adult T cells but instead are a broadly reactive layer of T cells poised to quickly develop into regulatory or effector cells, depending on the needs of the host. In this way, neonatal T cells are well adapted to provide fast-acting immune protection against foreign pathogens, while also sustaining tolerance to self-antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Rudd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA;
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26
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Wang Y, Liu J, Burrows PD, Wang JY. B Cell Development and Maturation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1254:1-22. [PMID: 32323265 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3532-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Since the identification of B cells in 1965 (Cooper et al. 1965), three has been tremendous progress in our understanding of B cell development, maturation and function. A number of B cell subpopulations, including B-1, B-2 and regulatory B cells, have been identified. B-1 cells mainly originate from the fetal liver and contain B-1a and B-1b subsets. B-2 cells are derived from the bone marrow (BM) and can be further classified into follicular B (FOB) and marginal zone B (MZB) cells. Regulatory B cells (Bregs) function to suppress immune responses, primarily by production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. B cell tolerance is established at several checkpoints, during B cell development in the BM (central tolerance) as well as during B cell maturation and activation in the periphery (peripheral tolerance). This chapter will focus on the regulation of important processes during the development and maturation of B-1 and B-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter D Burrows
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ji-Yang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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27
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The Role of Tumor-Infiltrating B Cells in Tumor Immunity. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:2592419. [PMID: 31662750 PMCID: PMC6778893 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2592419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Earlier studies on elucidating the role of lymphocytes in tumor immunity predominantly focused on T cells. However, the role of B cells in tumor immunity has increasingly received better attention in recent studies. The B cells that infiltrate tumor tissues are called tumor-infiltrating B cells (TIBs). It is found that TIBs play a multifaceted dual role in regulating tumor immunity rather than just tumor inhibition or promotion. In this article, latest research advances focusing on the relationship between TIBs and tumor complexity are reviewed, and light is shed on some novel ideas for exploiting TIBs as a possible tumor biomarker and potential therapeutic target against tumors.
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28
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Jeong JH, Ha YJ, Choi S, Kim J, Yun Y, Lee JR. Over‐expression of p190Rho
GEF
enhances B‐cell activation and germinal center formation in T‐cell‐dependent humoral immune responses. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:877-887. [DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Jeong
- Department of Life Science College of Natural Sciences & Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jung Ha
- Department of Life Science College of Natural Sciences & Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - So‐Yeon Choi
- Department of Life Science College of Natural Sciences & Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Jee‐Hae Kim
- Department of Life Science College of Natural Sciences & Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Yungdae Yun
- Department of Life Science College of Natural Sciences & Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ran Lee
- Department of Life Science College of Natural Sciences & Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
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29
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Kreuk LSM, Koch MA, Slayden LC, Lind NA, Chu S, Savage HP, Kantor AB, Baumgarth N, Barton GM. B cell receptor and Toll-like receptor signaling coordinate to control distinct B-1 responses to both self and the microbiota. eLife 2019; 8:e47015. [PMID: 31433298 PMCID: PMC6703855 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
B-1a cells play an important role in mediating tissue homeostasis and protecting against infections. They are the main producers of 'natural' IgM, spontaneously secreted serum antibodies predominately reactive to self antigens, like phosphatidylcholine (PtC), or antigens expressed by the intestinal microbiota. The mechanisms that regulate the B-1a immunoglobulin (Ig) repertoire and their antibody secretion remain poorly understood. Here, we use a novel reporter mouse to demonstrate that production of self- and microbiota-reactive antibodies is linked to BCR signaling in B-1a cells. Moreover, we show that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical for shaping the Ig repertoire of B-1a cells as well as regulating their antibody production. Strikingly, we find that both the colonization of a microbiota as well as microbial-sensing TLRs are required for anti-microbiota B-1a responses, whereas nucleic-acid sensing TLRs are required for anti-PtC responses, demonstrating that linked activation of BCR and TLRs controls steady state B-1a responses to both self and microbiota-derived antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieselotte SM Kreuk
- Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Meghan A Koch
- Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Leianna C Slayden
- Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Nicholas A Lind
- Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Sophia Chu
- Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Hannah P Savage
- Center for Comparative MedicineUniversity of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Aaron B Kantor
- Department of GeneticsStanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Nicole Baumgarth
- Center for Comparative MedicineUniversity of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Gregory M Barton
- Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
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30
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Li S, Liu J, Min Q, Ikawa T, Yasuda S, Yang Y, Wang YQ, Tsubata T, Zhao Y, Wang JY. Kelch-like protein 14 promotes B-1a but suppresses B-1b cell development. Int Immunol 2019; 30:311-318. [PMID: 29939266 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
B-1 cells are innate-like B-cell population and produce natural antibodies that contribute to the first line of host defense. There are two subsets of B-1 cells: B-1a and B-1b. B-1a cells are the main producer of poly-reactive and autoreactive natural IgM antibodies, whereas B-1b cells can respond specifically to T-cell-independent antigens. Despite the functional significance of B-1a and B-1b cells, little information is available about what regulates the development of these two subsets. We found that Kelch-like protein 14 (KLHL14) was expressed at high levels in B cells but only at low levels in a few non-lymphoid tissues. Although mice lacking KLHL14 died right after birth, the heterozygotes developed normally with no gross abnormalities by appearance. B-cell development in the bone marrow and maturation and activation in the spleen were not affected in the heterozygous mice. However, the number of peritoneal B-1a cells was significantly reduced while B-1b cells were increased in Klhl14 heterozygous mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Consistently, Rag1-/- mice reconstituted with Klhl14-/- fetal liver cells had a more severe reduction of B-1a and an increase of B-1b cells in the peritoneal cavity. KLHL14 did not affect the turnover or apoptosis of B-1a and B-1b cells in vivo. Moreover, Klhl14-/- fetal liver contained a similar proportion and absolute numbers of the B-1 progenitor cells as did WT fetal liver. These results suggest that KLHL14 promotes B-1a development in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyin Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of AgroBiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Min
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tomokatsu Ikawa
- Laboratory for Immune Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shoya Yasuda
- Department of Computational Intelligence and Systems Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yan-Qing Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Takeshi Tsubata
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yaofeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of AgroBiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Yang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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31
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Kobayashi T, Oishi K, Okamura A, Maeda S, Komuro A, Hamaguchi Y, Fujimoto M, Takehara K, Matsushita T. Regulatory B1a Cells Suppress Melanoma Tumor Immunity via IL-10 Production and Inhibiting T Helper Type 1 Cytokine Production in Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1535-1544.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Li Y, Yang JY, Xie X, Jie Z, Zhang L, Shi J, Lin D, Gu M, Zhou X, Li HS, Watowich SS, Jain A, Yun Jung S, Qin J, Cheng X, Sun SC. Preventing abnormal NF-κB activation and autoimmunity by Otub1-mediated p100 stabilization. Cell Res 2019; 29:474-485. [PMID: 31086255 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-019-0174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
NF-κB, a family of transcription factors regulating diverse biological processes including immune responses, is activated by canonical and noncanonical pathways based on degradation of IκBα and processing of the IκB-like protein p100, respectively. Although p100 responds to noncanonical NF-κB stimuli for processing, it does not undergo degradation, but rather becomes accumulated, along with canonical NF-κB activation. We show here that the stability of p100 is tightly controlled by a deubiquitinase, Otub1. Otub1 deficiency not only promotes signal-induced p100 processing and noncanonical NF-κB activation but also causes steady-state p100 degradation, leading to aberrant NF-κB activation in the canonical pathway. B-cell-conditional deletion of Otub1 results in B-cell hyperplasia, antibody hyper-production, and lupus-like autoimmunity. Otub1-deficient B cells display aberrantly activated phenotypes and overproduce the cytokine IL-6, contributing to autoimmunity induction. Thus, maintenance of p100 stability by Otub1 serves as an unusual mechanism of NF-κB regulation that prevents autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchuan Li
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jin-Young Yang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoping Xie
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zuliang Jie
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Jianhong Shi
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Daniel Lin
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Meidi Gu
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaofei Zhou
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Haiyan S Li
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stephanie S Watowich
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Antrix Jain
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jun Qin
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xuhong Cheng
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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33
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Van Kaer L, Postoak JL, Wang C, Yang G, Wu L. Innate, innate-like and adaptive lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of MS and EAE. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 16:531-539. [PMID: 30874627 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which the immune system damages the protective insulation surrounding the nerve fibers that project from neurons. A hallmark of MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), is autoimmunity against proteins of the myelin sheath. Most studies in this field have focused on the roles of CD4+ T lymphocytes, which form part of the adaptive immune system as both mediators and regulators in disease pathogenesis. Consequently, the treatments for MS often target the inflammatory CD4+ T-cell responses. However, many other lymphocyte subsets contribute to the pathophysiology of MS and EAE, and these subsets include CD8+ T cells and B cells of the adaptive immune system, lymphocytes of the innate immune system such as natural killer cells, and subsets of innate-like T and B lymphocytes such as γδ T cells, natural killer T cells, and mucosal-associated invariant T cells. Several of these lymphocyte subsets can act as mediators of CNS inflammation, whereas others exhibit immunoregulatory functions in disease. Importantly, the efficacy of some MS treatments might be mediated in part by effects on lymphocytes other than CD4+ T cells. Here we review the contributions of distinct subsets of lymphocytes on the pathogenesis of MS and EAE, with an emphasis on lymphocytes other than CD4+ T cells. A better understanding of the distinct lymphocyte subsets that contribute to the pathophysiology of MS and its experimental models will inform the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Joshua L Postoak
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Guan Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Lan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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34
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Cool T, Forsberg EC. Chasing Mavericks: The quest for defining developmental waves of hematopoiesis. Curr Top Dev Biol 2019; 132:1-29. [PMID: 30797507 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is the process by which mature blood and immune cells are produced from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSCs and HSPCs). The last several decades of research have shed light on the origin of HSCs, as well as the heterogeneous pools of fetal progenitors that contribute to lifelong hematopoiesis. The overarching concept that hematopoiesis occurs in dynamic, overlapping waves throughout development, with each wave contributing to both continuous and developmentally limited cell types, has been solidified over the years. However, recent advances in our ability to track the production of hematopoietic cells in vivo have challenged several long-held dogmas on the origin and persistence of distinct hematopoietic cell types. In this review, we highlight emerging concepts in hematopoietic development and identify unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Cool
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Program in Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - E Camilla Forsberg
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States.
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35
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Smulski CR, Eibel H. BAFF and BAFF-Receptor in B Cell Selection and Survival. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2285. [PMID: 30349534 PMCID: PMC6186824 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The BAFF-receptor (BAFFR) is encoded by the TNFRSF13C gene and is one of the main pro-survival receptors in B cells. Its function is impressively documented in humans by a homozygous deletion within exon 2, which leads to an almost complete block of B cell development at the stage of immature/transitional B cells. The resulting immunodeficiency is characterized by B-lymphopenia, agammaglobulinemia, and impaired humoral immune responses. However, different from mutations affecting pathway components coupled to B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling, BAFFR-deficient B cells can still develop into IgA-secreting plasma cells. Therefore, BAFFR deficiency in humans is characterized by very few circulating B cells, very low IgM and IgG serum concentrations but normal or high IgA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian R Smulski
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Eibel
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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36
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Salas LA, Wiencke JK, Koestler DC, Zhang Z, Christensen BC, Kelsey KT. Tracing human stem cell lineage during development using DNA methylation. Genome Res 2018; 28:1285-1295. [PMID: 30072366 PMCID: PMC6120629 DOI: 10.1101/gr.233213.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell maturation is a fundamental, yet poorly understood aspect of human development. We devised a DNA methylation signature deeply reminiscent of embryonic stem cells (a fetal cell origin signature, FCO) to interrogate the evolving character of multiple human tissues. The cell fraction displaying this FCO signature was highly dependent upon developmental stage (fetal versus adult), and in leukocytes, it described a dynamic transition during the first 5 yr of life. Significant individual variation in the FCO signature of leukocytes was evident at birth, in childhood, and throughout adult life. The genes characterizing the signature included transcription factors and proteins intimately involved in embryonic development. We defined and applied a DNA methylation signature common among human fetal hematopoietic progenitor cells and have shown that this signature traces the lineage of cells and informs the study of stem cell heterogeneity in humans under homeostatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Salas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA
| | - John K Wiencke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Devin C Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Brock C Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA.,Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA.,Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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37
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Ma XB, Zhong YP, Zheng Y, Jiang J, Wang YP. Coexpression of CD5 and CD43 predicts worse prognosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Cancer Med 2018; 7:4284-4295. [PMID: 30019388 PMCID: PMC6144247 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Both CD5 and CD43 are expressed on the surface of B lymphocytes of definite phase and associated with the adverse outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, the relationship between CD5 and CD43 expression and the prognostic value of CD5/CD43 coexpression in DLBCL are unknown. We herein determined the correlation between CD5 and CD43 expression, as separate factors or in combination, with the clinicopathological features and survival of 200 patients with DLBCL receiving standard chemotherapy with or without rituximab. Among these DLBCL patients, CD5 expression, CD43 expression, and CD5/CD43 coexpression were detected in 18 (9%), 57 (27%), and 10 (5%) patients, respectively, and all were positively correlated with advanced age and nongerminal cell type. CD5-positive and CD43-positive DLBCL patients had poorer event-free survival (EFS, P < 0.001) and overall survival (OS, P < 0.001) than CD5-negative and CD43-negative patients, respectively. CD5/CD43 coexpression was correlated with a significantly worse prognosis than CD5 or CD43 expression alone. Univariate analysis showed that CD5 expression, CD43 expression, and CD5/CD43 coexpression were all adverse prognostic factors for DLBCL patient survival, and CD5/CD43 coexpression was associated with a greater relative risk for recurrence and death than either CD5 or CD43 expression alone. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that CD5/CD43 coexpression was an independent prognostic factor for EFS (P < 0.001) and OS (P < 0.001) in DLBCL. In conclusion, our data indicate that DLBCL patients with CD5/CD43 coexpression represent a specific subgroup with a significantly worse prognosis than those expressing either marker alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bo Ma
- Department of Pathology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhong
- Department of Pathology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yin-Ping Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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38
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Han J, Enyindah-Asonye G, Lin F, Smith JD. CD6 expression has no effect on atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:229. [PMID: 29615096 PMCID: PMC5883413 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if deficiency of CD6, a cell surface protein on lymphocytes that alters natural antibody production, increases atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice fed a chow or a western-type diet. RESULTS We compared cholesterol levels, IgM, B1a cells, and aortic root lesion areas in ApoE-deficient vs. CD6/ApoE double deficient mice. Feeding the high-fat western type diet increased all parameters, except for B1a cell numbers decreased. Sex also had an effect on many parameters with males having increased body weights, higher high density lipoprotein cholesterol, higher B1a cells, but smaller atherosclerotic lesions if chow fed mice; however, this sex effect on atherosclerosis was absent in mice fed the western-type diet. CD6 deficiency had no effect on atherosclerosis in both male and female mice on either diet. Thus, loss of CD6 on lymphocytes did not lead to expected reductions in B1a cells and protective IgM levels, and in turn did not alter atherosclerosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juying Han
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gospel Enyindah-Asonye
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Jonathan D Smith
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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39
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Kim CH. Control of Innate and Adaptive Lymphocytes by the RAR-Retinoic Acid Axis. Immune Netw 2018; 18:e1. [PMID: 29503736 PMCID: PMC5833116 DOI: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytes, such as T cells, B cells, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), play central roles in regulating immune responses. Retinoic acids (RAs) are vitamin A metabolites, produced and metabolized by certain tissue cells and myeloid cells in a tissue-specific manner. It has been established that RAs induce gut-homing receptors on T cells, B cells, and ILCs. A mounting body of evidence indicates that RAs exert far-reaching effects on functional differentiation and fate of these lymphocytes. For example, RAs promote effector T cell maintenance, generation of induced gut-homing regulatory and effector T cell subsets, antibody production by B cells, and functional maturation of ILCs. Key functions of RAs in regulating major groups of innate and adaptive lymphocytes are highlighted in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang H Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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40
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Baumgarth N. A Hard(y) Look at B-1 Cell Development and Function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3387-3394. [PMID: 29109178 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A small population of B cells exists in lymphoid tissues and body cavities of mice that is distinct in development, phenotype, and function from the majority (B-2) B cell population. This population, originally termed "Ly-1" and now "B-1," has received renewed interest as an innate-like B cell population of fetal-derived hematopoiesis, responsible for natural Ab production and rapid immune responses. Molecular analyses have begun to define fetal and adult hematopoiesis, while cell-fate mapping studies have revealed complex developmental origins of B-1 cells. Together the studies provide a more detailed understanding of B-1 cell regulation and function. This review outlines studies that defined B-1 cells as natural Ab- and cytokine-producing B cells of fetal origin, with a focus on work conducted by R.R. Hardy, an early pioneer and codiscoverer of B-1 cells, whose seminal contributions enhanced our understanding of this enigmatic B cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Baumgarth
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
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Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are known as first responders to infections and as instructors of subsequent CD4(+) T cell cytokine profiles. In this issue of Immunity, Fan and colleagues now demonstrate that even earlier responding innate-like B cells (NKB) induce these protective ILC responses.
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Yang Q, Nanayakkara GK, Drummer C, Sun Y, Johnson C, Cueto R, Fu H, Shao Y, Wang L, Yang WY, Tang P, Liu LW, Ge S, Zhou XD, Khan M, Wang H, Yang X. Low-Intensity Ultrasound-Induced Anti-inflammatory Effects Are Mediated by Several New Mechanisms Including Gene Induction, Immunosuppressor Cell Promotion, and Enhancement of Exosome Biogenesis and Docking. Front Physiol 2017; 8:818. [PMID: 29109687 PMCID: PMC5660123 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) was shown to be beneficial in mitigating inflammation and facilitating tissue repair in various pathologies. Determination of the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of LIUS allows to optimize this technique as a therapy for the treatment of malignancies and aseptic inflammatory disorders. Methods: We conducted cutting-edge database mining approaches to determine the anti-inflammatory mechanisms exerted by LIUS. Results: Our data revealed following interesting findings: (1) LIUS anti-inflammatory effects are mediated by upregulating anti-inflammatory gene expression; (2) LIUS induces the upregulation of the markers and master regulators of immunosuppressor cells including MDSCs (myeloid-derived suppressor cells), MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells), B1-B cells and Treg (regulatory T cells); (3) LIUS not only can be used as a therapeutic approach to deliver drugs packed in various structures such as nanobeads, nanospheres, polymer microspheres, and lipidosomes, but also can make use of natural membrane vesicles as small as exosomes derived from immunosuppressor cells as a novel mechanism to fulfill its anti-inflammatory effects; (4) LIUS upregulates the expression of extracellular vesicle/exosome biogenesis mediators and docking mediators; (5) Exosome-carried anti-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory microRNAs inhibit inflammation of target cells via multiple shared and specific pathways, suggesting exosome-mediated anti-inflammatory effect of LIUS feasible; and (6) LIUS-mediated physical effects on tissues may activate specific cellular sensors that activate downstream transcription factors and signaling pathways. Conclusions: Our results have provided novel insights into the mechanisms underlying anti-inflammatory effects of LIUS, and have provided guidance for the development of future novel therapeutic LIUS for cancers, inflammatory disorders, tissue regeneration and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital and Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gayani K Nanayakkara
- Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles Drummer
- Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yu Sun
- Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Candice Johnson
- Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ramon Cueto
- Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hangfei Fu
- Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Shao
- Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Luqiao Wang
- Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - William Y Yang
- Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Peng Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Charity Hospital of China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Wen Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital and Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuping Ge
- Heart Center, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Deborah Heart and Lung Center, Browns Mills, NJ, United States
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital and Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Prieto J, Felippe M. Development, phenotype, and function of non-conventional B cells. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 54:38-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Regulation of B-1a cells: another novel function of the basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional regulator BHLHE41. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 14:802-804. [PMID: 29026219 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Promise, Progress, and Pitfalls in the Search for Central Nervous System Biomarkers in Neuroimmunological Diseases: A Role for Cerebrospinal Fluid Immunophenotyping. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2017; 24:229-239. [PMID: 29103430 PMCID: PMC5697729 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers are central to the translational medicine strategic focus, though strict criteria need to be applied to their designation and utility. They are one of the most promising areas of medical research, but the "biomarker life-cycle" must be understood to avoid false-positive and false-negative results. Molecular biomarkers will revolutionize the treatment of neurological diseases, but the rate of progress depends on a bold, visionary stance by neurologists, as well as scientists, biotech and pharmaceutical industries, funding agencies, and regulators. One important tool in studying cell-specific biomarkers is multiparameter flow cytometry. Cerebrospinal fluid immunophenotyping, or immune phenotypic subsets, captures the biology of intrathecal inflammatory processes, and has the potential to guide personalized immunotherapeutic selection and monitor treatment efficacy. Though data exist for some disorders, they are surprisingly lacking in many others, identifying a serious deficit to be overcome. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping provides a valuable, available, and feasible "window" into both adaptive and innate components of neuroinflammation that is currently underutilized.
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46
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Wolf I, Bouquet C, Naumann F, Melchers F. Generation of precursor, immature, and mature murine B1-cell lines from c-myc/bcl-xL-overexpressing pre-BI cells. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:911-920. [PMID: 28294314 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201746937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Deregulated expression of c-myc and bcl-xL is long known to generate transformed B cells in humans and mice. We overexpressed these genes to induce in vitro and in vivo differentiation of fetal liver-derived mouse pre-BI cells to B1-lineage pre-BII-like, immature and mature B-cell lines, and to Ig-secreting cells. In vitro, doxycycline-controlled c-myc/bcl-xL-overexpressing CD19+ CD93+ c-kikt+ IgM- pre-BI cells differentiate to and survive as CD19+ CD93+ c-kit- IgM+ immature B1 cells. Timed CpG stimulation of these oncogene-overexpressing pre-B or immature B1 cells generates either CD19+ CD93low c-kit- IgM- SLC- pre-BII-like or IgM+ MHCII+ CD73+ CD80+ CD40+ mature B1-cell lines and IgM-secreting B1 cells in vitro and fixes their state of differentiation. All cell lines are clonable, but a majority of immature and mature B1-cell clones eventually reach a nonproliferating, surviving G0 -state. Transplanted in vivo, c-myc/bcl-xL-overexpressing pre-B cells expand to mature B1 cells, and to IgM- and IgA-secreting plasmablasts and plasma cells. Within 2 months, plasmablasts have expanded most prominently in BM and spleen, indicating that the host selectively expanded development of these transformed plasma cells. The sIgM+ B1-cell lines and clones offer the possibility to study their roles in the development of B1-Ab repertoires, of B1-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases and of B1-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Wolf
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Fritz Melchers
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
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47
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Prieto JMB, Tallmadge RL, Felippe MJB. Developmental expression of B cell molecules in equine lymphoid tissues. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 183:60-71. [PMID: 28063478 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Identification and classification of B cell subpopulations has been shown to be challenging and inconsistent among different species. Our study tested aspects of ontogeny, phenotype, tissue distribution, and function of equine CD5hi B cells, which represented a greater proportion of B cells early in development and in the peritoneal cavity. CD5hi and CD5lo B cells differentially expressed B cell markers (CD2, CD21, IgM) measured using flow cytometry, but similar mRNA expression of signature genes (DGKA, FGL2, PAX5, IGHM, IL10) measured using quantitative RT-PCR. Sequencing lambda light chain segments revealed that CD5hi B cells generated diverse immunoglobulin repertoires, and more frequently bound to fluorescence-labeled phosphorylcholine. This study shows developmental characteristics and tissue distribution of a newly described subpopulation of B cells in the horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M B Prieto
- Equine Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - R L Tallmadge
- Equine Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - M J B Felippe
- Equine Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Baumgarth N. B-1 Cell Heterogeneity and the Regulation of Natural and Antigen-Induced IgM Production. Front Immunol 2016; 7:324. [PMID: 27667991 PMCID: PMC5016532 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A small subset of B cells, termed B-1 cells, with developmental origins, phenotypes, and functions that are distinct from those of conventional B cells exist in mice. It contributes the vast majority of spontaneously produced "natural" IgM. Natural IgM is constitutively produced, even in the absence of microbiota, and fulfills many distinct functions in tissue homeostasis and host defense. B-1 cells also respond with IgM production to innate signals and pathogen exposure, while maintaining steady-state levels natural IgM. Thus, within the B-1 cell pool, cells of distinct and heterogeneous functionality must exist to facilitate these different functions. This review considers three factors that may contribute to this heterogeneity: first, developmental differences regarding the origins of the precursors, second, tissue-specific signals that may differentially affect B-1 cells in the tissue compartments, and finally responsiveness to self-antigens as well as innate and antigen-specific signals. All three are likely to shape the repertoire and responsiveness of B-1 cells to homeostatic- and antigen-induced signals and thus contribute to the functional heterogeneity among these innate-like B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Baumgarth
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California Davis , Davis, CA , USA
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