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Mekala JR, Nalluri HP, Reddy PN, S B S, N S SK, G V S D SK, Dhiman R, Chamarthy S, Komaragiri RR, Manyam RR, Dirisala VR. Emerging trends and therapeutic applications of monoclonal antibodies. Gene 2024; 925:148607. [PMID: 38797505 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are being used to prevent, detect, and treat a broad spectrum of malignancies and infectious and autoimmune diseases. Over the past few years, the market for mAbs has grown exponentially. They have become a significant part of many pharmaceutical product lines, and more than 250 therapeutic mAbs are undergoing clinical trials. Ever since the advent of hybridoma technology, antibody-based therapeutics were realized using murine antibodies which further progressed into humanized and fully human antibodies, reducing the risk of immunogenicity. Some of the benefits of using mAbs over conventional drugs include a drastic reduction in the chances of adverse reactions, interactions between drugs, and targeting specific proteins. While antibodies are very efficient, their higher production costs impede the process of commercialization. However, their cost factor has been improved by developing biosimilar antibodies, which are affordable versions of therapeutic antibodies. Along with biosimilars, innovations in antibody engineering have helped to design bio-better antibodies with improved efficacy than the conventional ones. These novel mAb-based therapeutics are set to revolutionize existing drug therapies targeting a wide spectrum of diseases, thereby meeting several unmet medical needs. In the future, mAbs generated by applying next-generation sequencing (NGS) are expected to become a powerful tool in clinical therapeutics. This article describes the methods of mAb production, pre-clinical and clinical development of mAbs, approved indications targeted by mAbs, and novel developments in the field of mAb research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaki Ramaiah Mekala
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Vaddeswaram 522502, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA.
| | - Hari P Nalluri
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's (Deemed to be) University, Guntur 522213, AP, India
| | - Prakash Narayana Reddy
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. V.S. Krishna Government College, Visakhapatnam 530013, India
| | - Sainath S B
- Department of Biotechnology, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore 524320, AP, India
| | - Sampath Kumar N S
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's (Deemed to be) University, Guntur 522213, AP, India
| | - Sai Kiran G V S D
- Santhiram Medical College and General Hospital, Nandyal, Kurnool 518501, AP, India
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Sciences, National Institute of Technology Rourkela-769008, India
| | - Sahiti Chamarthy
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Vaddeswaram 522502, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA
| | - Raghava Rao Komaragiri
- Department of CSE, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Vaddeswaram 522302, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA
| | - Rajasekhar Reddy Manyam
- Amrita School of Computing, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amaravati Campus, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vijaya R Dirisala
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's (Deemed to be) University, Guntur 522213, AP, India.
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2
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Zhou D, Zi C, Gan G, Tang S, Chen Q. An exploration of the causal relationship between 731 immunophenotypes and osteoporosis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomized study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1341002. [PMID: 39086903 PMCID: PMC11288873 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1341002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There are complex interactions between osteoporosis and the immune system, and it has become possible to explore their causal relationship based on Mendelian randomization methods. Methods Utilizing openly accessible genetic data and employing Mendelian randomization analysis, we investigated the potential causal connection between 731 immune cell traits and the risk of developing osteoporosis. Results Ten immune cell phenotypes were osteoporosis protective factors and three immune cell phenotypes were osteoporosis risk factors. Specifically, the odds ratio (OR) of IgD+ CD24+ %B cell (B cell panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 0.9986 (95% CI = 0.9978~0.9996, P<0.01). The OR of CD24+ CD27+ %B cell (B cell panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 0.9991 (95% CI = 0.9984~0.9998, P = 0.021). The OR of CD33- HLA DR+AC (Myeloid cell panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 0.9996 (95% CI = 0.9993~0.9999, P = 0.038). The OR of EM CD8br %CD8br (Maturation stages of T cell panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 1.0004 (95% CI = 1.0000~1.0008, P = 0.045). The OR of CD25 on IgD+ (B cell panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 0.9995 (95% CI = 0.9991~0.9999, P = 0.024). The OR of CD25 on CD39+ activated Treg+ (Treg panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 1.001 (95% CI = 1.0001~1.0019, P = 0.038). The OR of CCR2 on CD62L+ myeloid DC (cDC panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 0.9992 (95% CI = 0.9984~0.9999, P = 0.048). The OR of CCR2 on CD62L+ plasmacytoid DC (cDC panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 0.9993 (95% CI = 0.9987~0.9999, P = 0.035). The OR of CD45 on CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b- (Myeloid cell panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 0.9988 (95% CI = 0.9977~0.9998, P = 0.031). The OR of CD45 on Mo MDSC (Myeloid cell panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 0.9992 (95% CI = 0.9985~0.9998, P = 0.017). The OR of SSC-A on B cell (TBNK panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 0.9986 (95% CI = 0.9972~0.9999, P = 0.042). The OR of CD11c on CD62L+ myeloid DC (cDC panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 0.9987 (95% CI = 0.9978~0.9996, P<0.01). The OR of HLA DR on DC (cDC panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 1.0007 (95% CI = 1.0002~1.0011, P<0.01). No causal effect of osteoporosis on immune cells was observed. Conclusions Our study identified 13 unreported immune phenotypes that are causally related to osteoporosis, providing a theoretical basis for the bone immunology doctrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Taikang Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Changyan Zi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Taikang Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gaofeng Gan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Taikang Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyun Tang
- Department of Good Clinical Practice (GCP), Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiu Chen
- Department of Endocrine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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3
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Zhou T, Fang YL, Tian TT, Wang GX. Pathological mechanism of immune disorders in diabetic kidney disease and intervention strategies. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:1111-1121. [PMID: 38983817 PMCID: PMC11229953 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i6.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is one of the most severe chronic microvascular complications of diabetes and a primary cause of end-stage renal disease. Clinical studies have shown that renal inflammation is a key factor determining kidney damage during diabetes. With the development of immunological technology, many studies have shown that diabetic nephropathy is an immune complex disease, and that most patients have immune dysfunction. However, the immune response associated with diabetic nephropathy and autoimmune kidney disease, or caused by ischemia or infection with acute renal injury, is different, and has a com-plicated pathological mechanism. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy in immune disorders and the intervention mechanism, to provide guidance and advice for early intervention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yi-Lin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Tian-Tian Tian
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Gui-Xia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
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Hu H, Zhou M, Zhao Y, Mao J, Yang X. Effects of immune cells on ischemic stroke and the mediating roles of metabolites. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1405108. [PMID: 38863512 PMCID: PMC11165215 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1405108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous studies have not shown an association between IgD-CD24-B-cell absolute count (IgD-CD24-AC) and ischemic stroke (IS). Our study aimed to assess the causal effect of IgD-CD24-AC on IS and to explore the role of ascorbic acid 2-sulfate (AA2S) as a potential mediator. Methods Our study was based on the largest available genome-wide association study (GWAS). Inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median (WMN), simple mode, and weighted mode methods were used to assess causal effects, with IVW as the primary outcome. Subsequently, we further performed a two-step MR analysis to evaluate whether AA2S mediated this causal effect. In addition, several sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate heterogeneity, including Cochran's Q test, the MR-Egger intercept test, the MR-PRESSO global test, and the leave-one-out analysis. Results Using the IVW approach, the risk ratio of IgD-CD24-AC to IS was estimated to be 1.216 (95% CI = 1.079-1.371, p = 0.001). This result was supported by the WMN method (OR = 1.204, 95% CI = 1.020-1.421, p = 0.028) and the MR-Egger method (OR = 1.177, 95% CI = 0.962-1.442, p = 0.133). We also observed the same trend with the simple model and weighted model. Furthermore, the proportion of genetically predicted IgD-CD24-AC mediated through AA2S levels was 3.73%. Conclusion Our study revealed a causal relationship between IgD-CD24-AC and IS, a small part of which was mediated by AA2S. These findings offer critical insights for developing immune-targeted therapies in the future and lay a strong foundation for advancements in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaokai Yang
- Postgraduate Training Base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University, Third Afffliated Hospital of Shanghai University (Wenzhou People’s Hospital), Wenzhou, China
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5
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Marglous S, Brown CE, Padler-Karavani V, Cummings RD, Gildersleeve JC. Serum antibody screening using glycan arrays. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2603-2642. [PMID: 38305761 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00693j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Humans and other animals produce a diverse collection of antibodies, many of which bind to carbohydrate chains, referred to as glycans. These anti-glycan antibodies are a critical part of our immune systems' defenses. Whether induced by vaccination or natural exposure to a pathogen, anti-glycan antibodies can provide protection against infections and cancers. Alternatively, when an immune response goes awry, antibodies that recognize self-glycans can mediate autoimmune diseases. In any case, serum anti-glycan antibodies provide a rich source of information about a patient's overall health, vaccination history, and disease status. Glycan microarrays provide a high-throughput platform to rapidly interrogate serum anti-glycan antibodies and identify new biomarkers for a variety of conditions. In addition, glycan microarrays enable detailed analysis of the immune system's response to vaccines and other treatments. Herein we review applications of glycan microarray technology for serum anti-glycan antibody profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Marglous
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Claire E Brown
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Jeffrey C Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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6
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Kasahara TDM, Gupta S. IgD +IgM - B Cells in Common Variable Immunodeficiency. Pathogens 2024; 13:136. [PMID: 38392874 PMCID: PMC10891963 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most frequent form of primary hypogammaglobulinemia in adults. In addition to recurrent infections and respiratory manifestations, CVID patients may present several non-infection complications such as autoimmune diseases. The mechanisms that lead to immune dysregulation in CVID are not completely understood. Given the role of IgD on naïve B cells in the maintenance of tolerance and secreted IgD in the respiratory mucosa, we evaluated the frequency of IgD+ naïve and IgD+ memory B cells in CVID patients. Here, no differences were observed in the percentages and proliferative responses of anergic IgD+IgM-CD27- B cells between CVID patients, with or without autoimmune disease, and the control group. Interestingly, in the compartment of memory B cells, the percentage of IgD+IgM- cells was higher only in CVID patients with allergic rhinitis/allergic asthma. Our results may indicate that anergic IgD+IgM-CD27- B cells may not be compromised in our CVID cohort. However, IgD+IgM- memory B cells may play a role in the immunopathogenesis of allergic rhinitis/allergic asthma in CVID patients. Further studies are needed to better understand the participation of IgD+IgM- memory B cells in the immunopathogenesis of allergic rhinitis/allergic asthma in CVID patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taissa de M. Kasahara
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-853, Brazil;
| | - Sudhir Gupta
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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7
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Zhu Y, Tang H, Xie W, Chen S, Zeng H, Lan C, Guan J, Ma C, Yang X, Wang Q, Wei L, Zhang Z, Yu X. The multilevel extensive diversity across the cynomolgus macaque captured by ultra-deep adaptive immune receptor repertoire sequencing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj5640. [PMID: 38266093 PMCID: PMC10807814 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj5640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The extent to which AIRRs differ among and within individuals remains elusive. Via ultra-deep repertoire sequencing of 22 and 25 tissues in three cynomolgus macaques, respectively, we identified 84 and 114 novel IGHV and TRBV alleles, confirming 72 (85.71%) and 100 (87.72%) of them. The heterogeneous V gene usage patterns were influenced, in turn, by genetics, isotype (for BCRs only), tissue group, and tissue. A higher proportion of intragroup shared clones in the intestinal tissues than those in other tissues suggests a close intra-intestinal adaptive immunity network. Significantly higher mutation burdens in the public clones and the inter-tissue shared IgM and IgD clones indicate that they might target the shared antigens. This study reveals the extensive heterogeneity of the AIRRs at various levels and has broad fundamental and clinical implications. The data generated here will serve as an invaluable resource for future studies on adaptive immunity in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Haipei Tang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wenxi Xie
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sen Chen
- Center for Precision Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Huikun Zeng
- Center for Precision Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chunhong Lan
- Center for Precision Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Junjie Guan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Cuiyu Ma
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiujia Yang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qilong Wang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhenhai Zhang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xueqing Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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Engblom C, Thrane K, Lin Q, Andersson A, Toosi H, Chen X, Steiner E, Lu C, Mantovani G, Hagemann-Jensen M, Saarenpää S, Jangard M, Saez-Rodriguez J, Michaëlsson J, Hartman J, Lagergren J, Mold JE, Lundeberg J, Frisén J. Spatial transcriptomics of B cell and T cell receptors reveals lymphocyte clonal dynamics. Science 2023; 382:eadf8486. [PMID: 38060664 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf8486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of lymphocyte clones within tissues is critical to their development, selection, and expansion. We have developed spatial transcriptomics of variable, diversity, and joining (VDJ) sequences (Spatial VDJ), a method that maps B cell and T cell receptor sequences in human tissue sections. Spatial VDJ captures lymphocyte clones that match canonical B and T cell distributions and amplifies clonal sequences confirmed by orthogonal methods. We found spatial congruency between paired receptor chains, developed a computational framework to predict receptor pairs, and linked the expansion of distinct B cell clones to different tumor-associated gene expression programs. Spatial VDJ delineates B cell clonal diversity and lineage trajectories within their anatomical niche. Thus, Spatial VDJ captures lymphocyte spatial clonal architecture across tissues, providing a platform to harness clonal sequences for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Engblom
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim Thrane
- SciLifeLab, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qirong Lin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alma Andersson
- SciLifeLab, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hosein Toosi
- SciLifeLab, Computational Science and Technology department, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xinsong Chen
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Embla Steiner
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chang Lu
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giulia Mantovani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sami Saarenpää
- SciLifeLab, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Jangard
- ENT Unit, Sophiahemmet University Research Laboratory and Sophiahemmet Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Michaëlsson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Hartman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Lagergren
- SciLifeLab, Computational Science and Technology department, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeff E Mold
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim Lundeberg
- SciLifeLab, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Frisén
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Vester SK, Davies AM, Beavil RL, Sandhar BS, Beavil AJ, Gould HJ, Sutton BJ, McDonnell JM. Expanding the Anti-Phl p 7 Antibody Toolkit: An Anti-Idiotype Nanobody Inhibitor. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:75. [PMID: 37987253 PMCID: PMC10660547 DOI: 10.3390/antib12040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously produced a toolkit of antibodies, comprising recombinant human antibodies of all but one of the human isotypes, directed against the polcalcin family antigen Phl p 7. In this work, we complete the toolkit of human antibody isotypes with the IgD version of the anti-Phl p 7 monoclonal antibody. We also raised a set of nanobodies against the IgD anti-Phl p 7 antibody and identify and characterize one paratope-specific nanobody. This nanobody also binds to the IgE isotype of this antibody, which shares the same idiotype, and orthosterically inhibits the interaction with Phl p 7. The 2.1 Å resolution X-ray crystal structure of the nanobody in complex with the IgD Fab is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James M. McDonnell
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, New Hunt’s House, London SE1 1UL, UK; (S.K.V.); (A.M.D.); (R.L.B.); (B.S.S.); (A.J.B.); (H.J.G.); (B.J.S.)
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10
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Alvarez E, Longbrake EE, Rammohan KW, Stankiewicz J, Hersh CM. Secondary hypogammaglobulinemia in patients with multiple sclerosis on anti-CD20 therapy: Pathogenesis, risk of infection, and disease management. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 79:105009. [PMID: 37783194 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.105009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Hypogammaglobulinemia is characterized by reduced serum immunoglobulin levels. Secondary hypogammaglobulinemia is of considerable interest to the practicing physician because it is a potential complication of some medications and may predispose patients to serious infections. Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with B-cell-depleting anti-CD20 therapies are particularly at risk of developing hypogammaglobulinemia. Among these patients, hypogammaglobulinemia has been associated with an increased risk of infections. The mechanism by which hypogammaglobulinemia arises with anti-CD20 therapies (ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, ublituximab, rituximab) remains unclear and does not appear to be simply due to the reduction in circulating B-cell levels. Further, despite the association between anti-CD20 therapies, hypogammaglobulinemia, and infections, there is currently no generally accepted monitoring and treatment approach among clinicians treating patients with MS. Here, we review the literature and discuss possible mechanisms of secondary hypogammaglobulinemia in patients with MS, hypogammaglobulinemia results in MS anti-CD20 therapy clinical trials, the risk of infection for patients with hypogammaglobulinemia, and possible strategies for disease management. We also include a suggested best-practice approach to specifically address secondary hypogammaglobulinemia in patients with MS treated with anti-CD20 therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Alvarez
- The Rocky Mountain MS Center at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Academic Office 1 Building, Room 5512, 12631 East 17th Avenue, B185, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Erin E Longbrake
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, 6 Devine Street, Suite 2B, New Haven, CT 06473, United States
| | - Kottil W Rammohan
- Multiple Sclerosis Division, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th street, Suite 1322, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - James Stankiewicz
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, United States
| | - Carrie M Hersh
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, 888 W Bonneville Road, Las Vegas, NV 89106, United States.
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11
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Freyn AW, Atyeo C, Earl PL, Americo JL, Chuang GY, Natarajan H, Frey TR, Gall JG, Moliva JI, Hunegnaw R, Asthagiri Arunkumar G, Ogega CO, Nasir A, Santos G, Levin RH, Meni A, Jorquera PA, Bennett H, Johnson JA, Durney MA, Stewart-Jones G, Hooper JW, Colpitts TM, Alter G, Sullivan NJ, Carfi A, Moss B. An mpox virus mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccine confers protection against lethal orthopoxviral challenge. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadg3540. [PMID: 37792954 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg3540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Mpox virus (MPXV) caused a global outbreak in 2022. Although smallpox vaccines were rapidly deployed to curb spread and disease among those at highest risk, breakthrough disease was noted after complete immunization. Given the threat of additional zoonotic events and the virus's evolving ability to drive human-to-human transmission, there is an urgent need for an MPXV-specific vaccine that confers protection against evolving MPXV strains and related orthopoxviruses. Here, we demonstrate that an mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccine encoding a set of four highly conserved MPXV surface proteins involved in virus attachment, entry, and transmission can induce MPXV-specific immunity and heterologous protection against a lethal vaccinia virus (VACV) challenge. Compared with modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), which forms the basis for the current MPXV vaccine, immunization with an mRNA-based MPXV vaccine generated superior neutralizing activity against MPXV and VACV and more efficiently inhibited spread between cells. We also observed greater Fc effector TH1-biased humoral immunity to the four MPXV antigens encoded by the vaccine, as well as to the four VACV homologs. Single MPXV antigen-encoding mRNA vaccines provided partial protection against VACV challenge, whereas multivalent vaccines combining mRNAs encoding two, three, or four MPXV antigens protected against disease-related weight loss and death equal or superior to MVA vaccination. These data demonstrate that an mRNA-based MPXV vaccine confers robust protection against VACV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patricia L Earl
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Americo
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jason G Gall
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
| | - Juan I Moliva
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
| | - Ruth Hunegnaw
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jay W Hooper
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, 21702 MD, USA
| | | | | | - Nancy J Sullivan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
| | | | - Bernard Moss
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
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12
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Prechtl P, Schmitz T, Pochert N, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Linseisen J, Meisinger C, Freuer D. Association between body fat distribution and B-lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:47. [PMID: 37705078 PMCID: PMC10498588 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, which is underpinned by the presence of elevated levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines in obese individuals. Due to the close relationship between adipose tissue and the immune system, it can be speculated that the accumulation of fat may influence the frequency and phenotype of lymphocyte populations. The aim of our study was to investigate whether body fat distribution is associated with B lymphocyte composition in peripheral blood. We examined the association between visceral (VAT) and total body fat (TBF) and the frequencies of B-cell subsets in 238 subjects over a period of up to one year using random intercept models. B lymphocyte subsets were determined by fluorescence-based flow cytometry. RESULTS Inverse associations were found between body fat measurements and plasma blasts, memory B cells, and IgM-IgD- cells. VAT, but not TBF, was positively associated with naive CD19 cells. In our analyses, both VAT and TBF showed positive associations with IgD only B cells. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, body fat accumulation seems to be associated with a lower proportion of antibody-secreting plasma blasts and memory cells and an increasing amount of partially anergic, naive CD19 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Prechtl
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology - IBE, LMU, Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Timo Schmitz
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Pochert
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Linseisen
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology - IBE, LMU, Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Freuer
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
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13
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Herranz-Jusdado JG, Morel E, Ordás MC, Martín D, Docando F, González L, Sanjuán E, Díaz-Rosales P, Saura M, Fouz B, Tafalla C. Yersinia ruckeri infection activates local skin and gill B cell responses in rainbow trout. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:108989. [PMID: 37549876 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Teleost fish lack organized structures in mucosal tissues such as those of mammals, but instead contain dispersed B and T cells with the capacity to respond to external stimuli. Nonetheless, there is still a great lack of knowledge regarding how B cells differentiate to plasmablasts/plasma cells in these mucosal surfaces. To contribute to a further understanding of the mechanisms through which fish mucosal B cells are activated, in the current study, we have studied the B cell responses in the skin and gills of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to Yersinia ruckeri. We have first analyzed the transcription levels of genes related to B cell function in both mucosal surfaces, and in spleen and kidney for comparative purposes. In a second experiment, we have evaluated how the infection affects the presence and size of B cells in both skin and gills, as well as the presence of plasmablasts secreting total or specific IgMs. The results obtained in both experiments support the local differentiation of B cells to plasmablasts/plasma cells in the skin and gills of rainbow trout in response to Y. ruckeri. Interestingly, these plasmablasts/plasma cells were shown to secrete specific IgMs as soon as 5 days after the exposure. These findings contribute to a further understanding of how B cells in the periphery respond to immune stimulation in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Herranz-Jusdado
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA), National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Valdeolmos-Alalpardo, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Morel
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA), National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Valdeolmos-Alalpardo, Madrid, Spain
| | - M C Ordás
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA), National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Valdeolmos-Alalpardo, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Martín
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA), National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Valdeolmos-Alalpardo, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Docando
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA), National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Valdeolmos-Alalpardo, Madrid, Spain
| | - L González
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA), National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Valdeolmos-Alalpardo, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Sanjuán
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - P Díaz-Rosales
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA), National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Valdeolmos-Alalpardo, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Saura
- Animal Breeding Department, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - B Fouz
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Tafalla
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA), National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Valdeolmos-Alalpardo, Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Slight-Webb S, Thomas K, Smith M, Wagner CA, Macwana S, Bylinska A, Donato M, Dvorak M, Chang SE, Kuo A, Cheung P, Kalesinskas L, Ganesan A, Dermadi D, Guthridge CJ, DeJager W, Wright C, Foecke MH, Merrill JT, Chakravarty E, Arriens C, Maecker HT, Khatri P, Utz PJ, James JA, Guthridge JM. Ancestry-based differences in the immune phenotype are associated with lupus activity. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e169584. [PMID: 37606045 PMCID: PMC10543734 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.169584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affects 1 in 537 Black women, which is >2-fold more than White women. Black patients develop the disease at a younger age, have more severe symptoms, and have a greater chance of early mortality. We used a multiomics approach to uncover ancestry-associated immune alterations in patients with SLE and healthy controls that may contribute biologically to disease disparities. Cell composition, signaling, epigenetics, and proteomics were evaluated by mass cytometry; droplet-based single-cell transcriptomics and proteomics; and bead-based multiplex soluble mediator levels in plasma. We observed altered whole blood frequencies and enhanced activity in CD8+ T cells, B cells, monocytes, and DCs in Black patients with more active disease. Epigenetic modifications in CD8+ T cells (H3K27ac) could distinguish disease activity level in Black patients and differentiate Black from White patient samples. TLR3/4/7/8/9-related gene expression was elevated in immune cells from Black patients with SLE, and TLR7/8/9 and IFN-α phospho-signaling and cytokine responses were heightened even in immune cells from healthy Black control patients compared with White individuals. TLR stimulation of healthy immune cells recapitulated the ancestry-associated SLE immunophenotypes. This multiomic resource defines ancestry-associated immune phenotypes that differ between Black and White patients with SLE, which may influence the course and severity of SLE and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Slight-Webb
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Kevin Thomas
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Miles Smith
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Catriona A. Wagner
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Susan Macwana
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Aleksandra Bylinska
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Michele Donato
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine; and
| | - Mai Dvorak
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine; and
| | | | - Alex Kuo
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Peggie Cheung
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Laurynas Kalesinskas
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine; and
| | - Ananthakrishnan Ganesan
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine; and
| | - Denis Dermadi
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine; and
| | - Carla J. Guthridge
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Wade DeJager
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Christian Wright
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Mariko H. Foecke
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Joan T. Merrill
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Eliza Chakravarty
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Cristina Arriens
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Purvesh Khatri
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine; and
| | - Paul J. Utz
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Judith A. James
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Joel M. Guthridge
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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15
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Herranz-Jusdado JG, Morel E, Simón R, Díaz-Rosales P, Tafalla C. Teleost IgD +IgM - B cells in gills and skin have a plasmablast profile, but functionally and phenotypically differ from IgM +IgD - B cells in these sites. iScience 2023; 26:107434. [PMID: 37593459 PMCID: PMC10428129 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Although most B cells in teleost systemic compartments co-express IgM and IgD on the surface, cells exclusively expressing either of the two Igs are common in fish mucosal tissues, providing us with a unique opportunity to further characterize IgD+IgM- B cells, an intriguing B cell subset. Hence, we compared the phenotype of IgD+IgM- cells to that of IgM+IgD- B cells in rainbow trout gills and skin, also establishing the response of these subsets to immune stimulation. The transcriptional profile and secreting capacity of IgD+IgM- B cells corresponded to that of cells that have started a differentiation program toward plasmablasts, similarly to IgM+IgD- B cells. Yet, IgM+IgD- B cells retained high levels of surface MHC II and antigen-processing abilities, while these were much lower in IgD+IgM- cells, suggesting important differences in their antigen-presenting capacities. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the enigmatic role of IgD in mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Germán Herranz-Jusdado
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valdeolmos 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Morel
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valdeolmos 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Simón
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valdeolmos 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Díaz-Rosales
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valdeolmos 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valdeolmos 28130 Madrid, Spain
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16
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Simon Davis DA, Ritchie M, Hammill D, Garrett J, Slater RO, Otoo N, Orlov A, Gosling K, Price J, Yip D, Jung K, Syed FM, Atmosukarto II, Quah BJC. Identifying cancer-associated leukocyte profiles using high-resolution flow cytometry screening and machine learning. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1211064. [PMID: 37600768 PMCID: PMC10435879 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1211064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Machine learning (ML) is a valuable tool with the potential to aid clinical decision making. Adoption of ML to this end requires data that reliably correlates with the clinical outcome of interest; the advantage of ML is that it can model these correlations from complex multiparameter data sets that can be difficult to interpret conventionally. While currently available clinical data can be used in ML for this purpose, there exists the potential to discover new "biomarkers" that will enhance the effectiveness of ML in clinical decision making. Since the interaction of the immune system and cancer is a hallmark of tumor establishment and progression, one potential area for cancer biomarker discovery is through the investigation of cancer-related immune cell signatures. Hence, we hypothesize that blood immune cell signatures can act as a biomarker for cancer progression. Methods To probe this, we have developed and tested a multiparameter cell-surface marker screening pipeline, using flow cytometry to obtain high-resolution systemic leukocyte population profiles that correlate with detection and characterization of several cancers in murine syngeneic tumor models. Results We discovered a signature of several blood leukocyte subsets, the most notable of which were monocyte subsets, that could be used to train CATboost ML models to predict the presence and type of cancer present in the animals. Conclusions Our findings highlight the potential utility of a screening approach to identify robust leukocyte biomarkers for cancer detection and characterization. This pipeline can easily be adapted to screen for cancer specific leukocyte markers from the blood of cancer patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Simon Davis
- Irradiation Immunity Interaction Lab, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Melissa Ritchie
- Irradiation Immunity Interaction Lab, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Dillon Hammill
- Division of Genome Sciences & Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jessica Garrett
- Division of Genome Sciences & Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Robert O. Slater
- Division of Genome Sciences & Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Naomi Otoo
- Division of Genome Sciences & Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Anna Orlov
- Division of Genome Sciences & Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Katharine Gosling
- Irradiation Immunity Interaction Lab, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jason Price
- Division of Genome Sciences & Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Desmond Yip
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Canberra Hospital & Health Services, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kylie Jung
- Irradiation Immunity Interaction Lab, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Radiation Oncology Department, Canberra Hospital & Health Services, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Farhan M. Syed
- Irradiation Immunity Interaction Lab, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Radiation Oncology Department, Canberra Hospital & Health Services, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ines I. Atmosukarto
- Irradiation Immunity Interaction Lab, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Genome Sciences & Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ben J. C. Quah
- Irradiation Immunity Interaction Lab, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Radiation Oncology Department, Canberra Hospital & Health Services, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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17
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Gao KM, Nündel K, Chiang K, Yin X, Utz PJ, Fitzgerald K, Marshak-Rothstein A. Activation of Autoreactive Lymphocytes in the Lung by STING Gain-of-function Mutation Radioresistant Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.28.551002. [PMID: 37546720 PMCID: PMC10402118 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.28.551002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations in the dsDNA sensing adaptor STING lead to a severe autoinflammatory syndrome known as STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in Infancy (SAVI). SAVI patients develop interstitial lung disease (ILD) and commonly produce anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs), indicative of concomitant autoimmunity. Mice heterozygous for the most common SAVI mutation, V154M (VM), also develop ILD, triggered by nonhematopoietic VM cells, but exhibit severe peripheral lymphopenia, low serum Ig titers and fail to produce autoantibodies. In contrast, we now show that lethally irradiated VM mice reconstituted with WT stem cells (WT→VM chimeras) develop ANAs and lung-reactive autoantibodies associated with accumulation of activated lymphocytes and formation of germinal centers in lung tissues. Moreover, when splenocytes from WT→VM chimeras were adoptively transferred into unmanipulated Rag1 -/- mice, donor T cells accumulated in the lung. Overall, these findings demonstrate that expression of the VM mutation in non-hematopoietic cells can promote the activation of immunocompetent autoreactive lymphocytes. Summary Chimeric mice expressing STING only in non-hematopoietic cells develop systemic and lung directed autoimmunity which recapitulates what is seen in pediatric patients with SAVI disease.
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18
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Grimsholm O. CD27 on human memory B cells-more than just a surface marker. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 213:164-172. [PMID: 36508329 PMCID: PMC10361737 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunological memory protects the human body from re-infection with an earlier recognized pathogen. This memory comprises the durable serum antibody titres provided by long-lived plasma cells and the memory T and B cells with help from other cells. Memory B cells are the main precursor cells for new plasma cells during a secondary infection. Their formation starts very early in life, and they continue to form and undergo refinements throughout our lifetime. While the heterogeneity of the human memory B-cell pool is still poorly understood, specific cellular surface markers define most of the cell subpopulations. CD27 is one of the most commonly used markers to define human memory B cells. In addition, there are molecular markers, such as somatic mutations in the immunoglobulin heavy and light chains and isotype switching to, for example, IgG. Although not every memory B cell undergoes somatic hypermutation or isotype switching, most of them express these molecular traits in adulthood. In this review, I will focus on the most recent knowledge regarding CD27+ human memory B cells in health and disease, and describe how Ig sequencing can be used as a tool to decipher the evolutionary pathways of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Grimsholm
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
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19
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Schmitz T, Freuer D, Linseisen J, Meisinger C. Associations between serum cholesterol and immuno-phenotypical characteristics of circulatory B cells and Tregs. J Lipid Res 2023:100399. [PMID: 37276940 PMCID: PMC10394386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood lipids play a major role in the manifestation of cardiovascular diseases. Recent research suggested that there are connections between cholesterol levels and immunological alterations. We investigated whether there is an association between serum cholesterol levels (total, HDL, LDL) and immune cells (B cell and regulatory T cells [Tregs]). The analysis was based on data from 231 participants of the MEGA study in Augsburg, Germany, recruited between 2018 and 2021. Most participants was examined two different times within a time period of 9 months. At every visit, fasting venous blood samples were taken. Immune cells were analyzed immediately afterwards using flow cytometry. Using multivariable-adjusted linear regression models, the associations between blood cholesterol concentrations and the relative quantity of several B cell and Treg subsets were analyzed. We found that particularly HDL cholesterol concentrations were significantly associated to some immune cell subpopulations: HDL cholesterol showed significant positive associations with the relative frequency of CD25++ Tregs (as proportion of all CD4+CD25++ T cells) and conventional Tregs (defined as the proportion of CD25+CD127- cells on all CD45RA- CD4+ T cells). Regarding B cells, HDL cholesterol values were inversely associated with the cell surface expression of IgD and with naïve B cells (CD27- IgD+ B cells). In conclusion, HDL cholesterol levels were associated with modifications in the composition of B cell and Tregs subsets demonstrating an important interconnection between lipid metabolism and immune system. Knowing that this association exists might be crucial for a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schmitz
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany.
| | - D Freuer
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - J Linseisen
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - C Meisinger
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
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20
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Ramonell RP, Brown M, Woodruff MC, Levy JM, Wise SK, DelGaudio J, Duan M, Saney CL, Kyu S, Cashman KS, Hom JR, Fucile CF, Rosenberg AF, Tipton CM, Sanz I, Gibson GC, Lee FEH. Single-cell analysis of human nasal mucosal IgE antibody secreting cells reveals a newly minted phenotype. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:287-301. [PMID: 36931600 PMCID: PMC11227847 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) E is central to the pathogenesis of allergic conditions, including allergic fungal rhinosinusitis. However, little is known about IgE antibody secreting cells (ASCs). We performed single-cell RNA sequencing from cluster of differentiation (CD)19+ and CD19- ASCs of nasal polyps from patients with allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (n = 3). Nasal polyps were highly enriched in CD19+ ASCs. Class-switched IgG and IgA ASCs were dominant (95.8%), whereas IgE ASCs were rare (2%) and found only in the CD19+ compartment. Through Ig gene repertoire analysis, IgE ASCs shared clones with IgD-CD27- "double-negative" B cells, IgD+CD27+ unswitched memory B cells, and IgD-CD27+ switched memory B cells, suggesting ontogeny from both IgD+ and memory B cells. Transcriptionally, mucosal IgE ASCs upregulate pathways related to antigen presentation, chemotaxis, B cell receptor stimulation, and survival compared with non-IgE ASCs. Additionally, IgE ASCs have a higher expression of genes encoding lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane 5 (LAPTM5) and CD23, as well as upregulation of CD74 (receptor for macrophage inhibitory factor), store-operated Calcium entry-associated regulatory factor (SARAF), and B cell activating factor receptor (BAFFR), which resemble an early minted ASC phenotype. Overall, these findings reinforce the paradigm that human ex vivo mucosal IgE ASCs have a more immature plasma cell phenotype than other class-switched mucosal ASCs and suggest unique functional roles for mucosal IgE ASCs in concert with Ig secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Ramonell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Matthew C Woodruff
- Emory Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joshua M Levy
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah K Wise
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John DelGaudio
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Meixue Duan
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Celia L Saney
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Shuya Kyu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kevin S Cashman
- Emory Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennifer R Hom
- Emory Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christopher F Fucile
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Alexander F Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Christopher M Tipton
- Emory Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Emory Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - F Eun-Hyung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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21
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Davies AM, Beavil RL, Barbolov M, Sandhar BS, Gould HJ, Beavil AJ, Sutton BJ, McDonnell JM. Crystal structures of the human IgD Fab reveal insights into C H1 domain diversity. Mol Immunol 2023; 159:28-37. [PMID: 37267832 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies of the IgD isotype remain the least well characterized of the mammalian immunoglobulin isotypes. Here we report three-dimensional structures for the Fab region of IgD, based on four different crystal structures, at resolutions of 1.45-2.75 Å. These IgD Fab crystals provide the first high-resolution views of the unique Cδ1 domain. Structural comparisons identify regions of conformational diversity within the Cδ1 domain, as well as among the homologous domains of Cα1, Cγ1 and Cμ1. The IgD Fab structure also possesses a unique conformation of the upper hinge region, which may contribute to the overall disposition of the very long linker sequence between the Fab and Fc regions found in human IgD. Structural similarities observed between IgD and IgG, and differences with IgA and IgM, are consistent with predicted evolutionary relationships for the mammalian antibody isotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Davies
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L Beavil
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Momchil Barbolov
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Balraj S Sandhar
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah J Gould
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Beavil
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Brian J Sutton
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - James M McDonnell
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
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22
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Alejandra WP, Miriam Irene JP, Fabio Antonio GS, Patricia RGR, Elizabeth TA, Juan Pablo AA, Rebeca GV. Production of monoclonal antibodies for therapeutic purposes: A review. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110376. [PMID: 37244118 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been used in the development of immunotherapies that target a variety of diseases, such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and even viral infections; they play a key role in immunization and are expected after vaccination. However, some conditions do not promote the development of neutralizing antibodies. Production and use of mAbs, generated in biofactories, represent vast potential as aids in immunological responses when the organism cannot produce them on their own, these convey unique specificity by recognizing and targeting specific antigen. Antibodies can be defined as heterotetrametric glycoproteins of symmetric nature, and they participate as effector proteins in humoral responses. Additionally, there are different types of mAbs (murine, chimeric, humanized, human, mAbs as Antibody-drug conjugates and bispecific mAbs) discussed in the present work. When these molecules are produced in vitro as mAbs, several common techniques, such as hybridomas or phage display are used. There are several preferred cell lines that function as biofactories, for the production of mAbs, the selection of which rely on the variation of adaptability, productivity and both phenotypic and genotypic shifts. After the cell expression systems and culture techniques are used, there are diverse specialized downstream processes to achieve desired yield and isolation as well as product quality and characterization. Novel perspectives regarding these protocols represent a potential improvement for mAbs high-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waller-Pulido Alejandra
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Ave. General Ramon Corona 2514, 45138 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jiménez-Pérez Miriam Irene
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Science, Ave. General Ramon Corona 2514, 45138 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Gonzalez-Sanchez Fabio Antonio
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Ave. General Ramon Corona 2514, 45138 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | | | - Aleman-Aguilar Juan Pablo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Science, Ave. General Ramon Corona 2514, 45138 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Garcia-Varela Rebeca
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Ave. General Ramon Corona 2514, 45138 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
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23
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Vinh NT, Dong HT, Lan NGT, Sangsuriya P, Salin KR, Chatchaiphan S, Senapin S. Immunological response of 35 and 42 days old Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer, Bloch 1790) fry following immersion immunization with Streptococcus iniae heat-killed vaccine. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 138:108802. [PMID: 37178986 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Early disease prevention by vaccination requires understanding when fry fish develop specific immunity to a given pathogen. In this research, we explored the immune responses of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) at the stages of 35- and 42- days post-hatching (dph) to an immersive heat-killed Streptococcus iniae (Si) vaccine to determine whether fish can produce specific antibodies against the pathogen. The vaccinated fish of each stage (V35 and V42) were immersed with the Si vaccine at 107 CFU/ml for 3 h, whereas the control groups (C35 and C42) were immersed with tryptic soy broth (TSB) in the same manner. Specific antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before and post-immunization (i.e., 0, 7, and 14 days post-immunization, dpi). Expression of innate (TNFα and IL-1β) and adaptive (MHCI, MHCII, CD4, CD8, IgM-like, IgT-like, and IgD-like) immune-related genes were evaluated at the same time points with the addition of 1 dpi. The results showed that a subset of immunized fish from both V35 and V42 fry could elicit specific antibodies (IgM) against Si at 14 dpi. All tested innate and adaptive immune genes upregulated at 7 dpi among fish in V35 group. Interestingly, 42 dph fish appeared to respond to the Si vaccine faster than that of 35 dph, as a significant increase in transcripts was observed in CD4, IL-1β, IgM-like, and IgD-like at 1 dpi; and specific antibody titers of some fish, although not all, were higher than a threshold (p = 0.05) since 7 dpi. In conclusion, this study reveals that 35-42 dph Asian seabass fry can elicit specific immunity to Si immersion vaccine, suggesting that early vaccination of 35 dph fry Asian seabass is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Tien Vinh
- Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources Management, Department of Food Agriculture and Bioresources, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Ha Thanh Dong
- Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources Management, Department of Food Agriculture and Bioresources, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
| | - Nguyen Giang Thu Lan
- School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Center of Excellence in Fish Infectious Diseases (CE FID), Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pakkakul Sangsuriya
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand; Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Team, BIOTEC, NSTDA, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Krishna R Salin
- Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources Management, Department of Food Agriculture and Bioresources, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Satid Chatchaiphan
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saengchan Senapin
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand; Fish Heath Platform, Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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24
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IgD/FcδR is involved in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and regulated by IgD-Fc-Ig fusion protein. Pharmacol Res 2023; 189:106686. [PMID: 36746360 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) has a poor prognosis as a result of severe immunosuppression and rapid tumor progression with resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Excessive IgD may play a role in T cell activation via IgD Fc receptor (FcδR). Here we aimed to investigate the effects of IgD in T-ALL and demonstrated the potential benefit by targeting IgD/FcδR in T-ALL patients with IgD-Fc-Ig fusion protein. In T-ALL patients' blood samples and cell lines, the level of IgD, the percentage of FcδR expressing cells and the binding affinity were determined by flow cytometry. T cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed. A mouse xenograft model was used to evaluate the in vivo effect of IgD-Fc-Ig, an IgD-FcδR blocker. The levels of serum IgD and FcδR were abnormally increased in part of T-ALL patients and IgD could induce over-proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of T-ALL cells in vitro. FcδR was constitutively expressed on T-ALL cells. IgD-Fc-Ig showed similar binding affinity to FcδR and selectively blocked the stimulation effect of IgD on T-ALL cells in vitro. In vivo study exhibited that IgD-Fc-Ig may also have therapeutic benefit. IgD-Fc-Ig administration inhibited human T-ALL growth and extended survival in xenograft T-ALL mice. In conclusion, this work supports the idea of targeting IgD/FcδR in T-ALL patients with excessive IgD. IgD-Fc-Ig fusion protein might be a potential biological drug with high selectivity for T-ALL treatment.
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25
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Bjørgen H, Oaland Ø, Midtllyng P, Tafalla C, Krogdahl Å, Koppang EO. IgD-transcript positive cells suggest hypersensitivity in feed-related intestinal inflammation in the Atlantic salmon. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108469. [PMID: 36528310 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Håvard Bjørgen
- Unit of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Paul Midtllyng
- Aquamedic AS, Ullevålsveien 68, Bygn. 23, 0454, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valdeolmos, 28130, Madrid, Spain
| | - Åshild Krogdahl
- Unit of Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Erling Olaf Koppang
- Unit of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
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26
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Rich RR, Cron RQ. The Human Immune Response. Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-8165-1.00001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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27
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Chan J, Carmen LCP, Lee SQ, Prabakaran M. Identification and characterization of immunoglobulin tau (IgT) in Asian Seabass ( Lates calcarifer) and mucosal immune response to nervous necrosis virus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146387. [PMID: 36891305 PMCID: PMC9986254 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal immunity plays a critical role in the protection of teleost fish against infection, but mucosal immunoglobulin of important aquaculture species unique to Southeast Asia remained greatly understudied. In this study, the sequence of immunoglobulin T (IgT) from Asian sea bass (ASB) is described for the first time. IgT of ASB possesses the characteristic structure of immunoglobulin with a variable heavy chain and four CH4 domains. The CH2-CH4 domains and full-length IgT were expressed and CH2-CH4 specific antibody was validated against full-length IgT expressed in Sf9 III cells. Subsequent use of the anti-CH2-CH4 antibody in immunofluorescence staining confirmed the presence of IgT-positive cells in the ASB gill and intestine. The constitutive expression of ASB IgT was characterized in different tissues and in response to red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) infection. The highest basal expression of secretory IgT (sIgT) was observed in the mucosal and lymphoid tissues such as the gills, intestine and head kidney. Following NNV infection, IgT expression was upregulated in the head kidney and mucosal tissues. Moreover, a significant increase in localized IgT was found in gills and intestines of infected fish on day 14 post-infection. Interestingly, a significant increase in NNV-specific IgT secretion was only observed in the gills of the infected group. Our results suggest that ASB IgT may play an important role in the adaptive mucosal immune responses against viral infection and could potentially be adapted as a tool for the evaluation of prospective mucosal vaccines and adjuvants for the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janlin Chan
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lee Ching Pei Carmen
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Si Qi Lee
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mookkan Prabakaran
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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28
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Morel E, Herranz-Jusdado JG, Simón R, Abós B, Perdiguero P, Martín-Martín A, Andrés G, Muñoz-Atienza E, Guerra Rodriguez M, Díaz-Rosales P, Tafalla C. Endoplasmic reticulum expansion throughout the differentiation of teleost B cells to plasmablasts. iScience 2022; 26:105854. [PMID: 36619985 PMCID: PMC9812713 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of B cells into antibody-secreting cells is fundamental for the generation of humoral immunity. In mammals, this process involves a series of metabolic and intracellular changes, not studied to date in teleost fish, where a clear distinction between naive B cells and plasmablasts/plasma cells (PCs) is still missing. Thus, in the current study, we have established that upon activation, teleost B cells undergo an expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but experience no significant changes in mitochondria content. In parallel, the transcription of genes implicated in B cell differentiation increases, while that of mitochondrial genes decreases. In this context, ER monitoring has allowed us to distinguish between small cells with low amounts of ER (FSCloERlo B cells), that correspond to undifferentiated cells, and large cells with expanded ER (FSChiERhi B cells), characterized as plasmablasts. The results shed new light on the B cell differentiation process in teleosts and provide us with novel tools to study B cell function in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Morel
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid 28130, Spain
| | | | - Rocío Simón
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid 28130, Spain
| | - Beatriz Abós
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid 28130, Spain
| | - Pedro Perdiguero
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid 28130, Spain,Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Alba Martín-Martín
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid 28130, Spain
| | - Germán Andrés
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid 28130, Spain,Centre for Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Carolina Tafalla
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid 28130, Spain,Corresponding author
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29
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Notario GR, Kwak K. Increased B Cell Understanding Puts Improved Vaccine Platforms Just Over the Horizon. Immune Netw 2022; 22:e47. [PMID: 36627934 PMCID: PMC9807965 DOI: 10.4110/in.2022.22.e47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the face of an endlessly expanding repertoire of Ags, vaccines are constantly being tested, each more effective than the last. As viruses and other pathogens evolve to become more infectious, the need for efficient and effective vaccines grows daily, which is especially obvious in an era that is still attempting to remove itself from the clutches of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the cause of coronavirus pandemic. To continue evolving alongside these pathogens, it is proving increasingly essential to consider one of the main effector cells of the immune system. As one of the chief orchestrators of the humoral immune response, the B cell and other lymphocytes are essential to not only achieving immunity, but also maintaining it, which is the vital objective of every vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneva Rose Notario
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kihyuck Kwak
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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30
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Egan PA, O'Connor SJM, Deighan WI, McConville CE, Elder PT, Curly Morris TCM, Alexander HD. IgD multiple myeloma: biology, diagnosis, and treatment. Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:3433-3437. [PMID: 36263946 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2126280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
IgD multiple myeloma is uncommon. Patients generally present at a younger age and have shorter progression free and overall survivals (OSs). Its rarity has inhibited development of a specific risk stratification system or informed best treatment protocols. We present interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization results from a group of 29 cases. These showed evidence of a decreased male to female ratio, decreased OS in patients aged 70 and over, better outcomes in those with kappa light chain restriction, and CD56 positive patients had longer survivals than those lacking CD56. We discuss the biology of IgD multiple myeloma, the need for prospective studies, and challenges for improvements in diagnosis and treatment. We suggest an International Register to accelerate development of best practice guidelines for diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Egan
- Ulster University Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Derry, UK
| | - Sheila J M O'Connor
- St James's Institute of Oncology, Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, Leeds, UK
| | - W Ian Deighan
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Derry, UK
| | - Conal E McConville
- Department of Haematology, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, North West Cancer Centre, Derry, UK
| | - Patrick T Elder
- Department of Haematology, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, North West Cancer Centre, Derry, UK
| | - T C M Curly Morris
- Queen's University Belfast Faculty of Medicine Health and Life Sciences, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Belfast, UK
| | - H Denis Alexander
- Ulster University Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Derry, UK
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31
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Hao D, Han G, Sinjab A, Gomez-Bolanos LI, Lazcano R, Serrano A, Hernandez SD, Dai E, Cao X, Hu J, Dang M, Wang R, Chu Y, Song X, Zhang J, Parra ER, Wargo JA, Swisher SG, Cascone T, Sepesi B, Futreal AP, Li M, Dubinett SM, Fujimoto J, Solis Soto LM, Wistuba II, Stevenson CS, Spira A, Shalapour S, Kadara H, Wang L. The Single-Cell Immunogenomic Landscape of B and Plasma Cells in Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:2626-2645. [PMID: 36098652 PMCID: PMC9633381 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-1658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating B and plasma cells (TIB) are prevalent in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD); however, they are poorly characterized. We performed paired single-cell RNA and B-cell receptor (BCR) sequencing of 16 early-stage LUADs and 47 matching multiregion normal tissues. By integrative analysis of ∼50,000 TIBs, we define 12 TIB subsets in the LUAD and adjacent normal ecosystems and demonstrate extensive remodeling of TIBs in LUADs. Memory B cells and plasma cells (PC) were highly enriched in tumor tissues with more differentiated states and increased frequencies of somatic hypermutation. Smokers exhibited markedly elevated PCs and PCs with distinct differentiation trajectories. BCR clonotype diversity increased but clonality decreased in LUADs, smokers, and with increasing pathologic stage. TIBs were mostly localized within CXCL13+ lymphoid aggregates, and immune cell sources of CXCL13 production evolved with LUAD progression and included elevated fractions of CD4 regulatory T cells. This study provides a spatial landscape of TIBs in early-stage LUAD. SIGNIFICANCE While TIBs are highly enriched in LUADs, they are poorly characterized. This study provides a much-needed understanding of the transcriptional, clonotypic states and phenotypes of TIBs, unraveling their potential roles in the immunopathology of early-stage LUADs and constituting a road map for the development of TIB-targeted immunotherapies for the treatment of this morbid malignancy. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2483.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Hao
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Guangchun Han
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Ansam Sinjab
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Lorena Isabel Gomez-Bolanos
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Rossana Lazcano
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Alejandra Serrano
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sharia D. Hernandez
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Enyu Dai
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Xuanye Cao
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Minghao Dang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ruiping Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yanshuo Chu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Xingzhi Song
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Edwin R. Parra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jennifer A. Wargo
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.,Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Stephen G. Swisher
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Tina Cascone
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Boris Sepesi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Andrew P. Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Steven M. Dubinett
- Department of Medicine, The University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Luisa M Solis Soto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ignacio I. Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Avrum Spira
- Lung Cancer Initiative at Johnson and Johnson, Boston, MA.,Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Shabnam Shalapour
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Humam Kadara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS), Houston, TX
| | - Linghua Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS), Houston, TX
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32
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Comprehensive overview of autoantibody isotype and subclass distribution. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:999-1010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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33
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Plum LA, Blaser W, Peter L, Prahl J, Seeman J, DeLuca HF. Antibody production in mice requires neither vitamin D, nor the vitamin D receptor. Front Immunol 2022; 13:960405. [PMID: 36341456 PMCID: PMC9631817 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.960405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor as well as its ligand have been localized to various immune tissues and cells. These observations have led researchers to hypothesize a role for vitamin D in the immune system. However, a specific role for vitamin D in immunity has yet to be clearly delineated. The work in this report was undertaken to determine if mounting an antibody response is altered in the face of vitamin D-deficiency or when the signaling pathway is eliminated by removal of the nuclear receptor. This investigation provides direct evidence vitamin D is not necessary for producing antibodies, a process paramount for optimal attack against many foreign organisms. The idea that vitamin D plays a significant role in immunity has been proposed repeatedly for many years. To address this important idea we have carried out studies in mice to determine if vitamin D plays a significant role in antibody production. Two animal models were utilized: mice depleted of vitamin D and mice devoid of the vitamin D receptor. Further, a possible role of hypocalcemia resulting from vitamin D deficiency in antibody production was determined. Neither the absence of vitamin D or the vitamin D receptor nor hypocalcemia affected the ability of mice to mount an antibody response to an antigen challenge. Thus, we found no evidence that vitamin D or normal serum calcium is required for this major form of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori A. Plum
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - William Blaser
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Logan Peter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jean Prahl
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jeremy Seeman
- Organic Lab, DiaSorin Inc., Stillwater, MN, United States
| | - Hector F. DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Hector F. DeLuca,
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34
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Koers J, Pollastro S, Tol S, Niewold ITG, van Schouwenburg PA, de Vries N, Rispens T. Improving naive B cell isolation by absence of CD45RB glycosylation and CD27 expression in combination with BCR isotype. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1630-1639. [PMID: 35862268 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In past years ex vivo and in vivo experimental approaches involving human naive B cells have proven fundamental for elucidation of mechanisms promoting B cell differentiation in both health and disease. For such studies, it is paramount that isolation strategies yield a population of bona fide naive B cells, i.e., B cells that are phenotypically and functionally naive, clonally non-expanded, and have non-mutated BCR variable regions. In this study different combinations of common as well as recently identified B cell markers were compared to isolate naive B cells from human peripheral blood. High-throughput BCR sequencing was performed to analyze levels of somatic hypermutation and clonal expansion. Additionally, contamination from mature mutated B cells intrinsic to each cell-sorting strategy was evaluated and how this impacts the purity of obtained populations. Our results show that current naive B cell isolation strategies harbor contamination from non-naive B cells, and use of CD27-IgD+ is adequate but can be improved by including markers for CD45RB glycosylation and IgM. The finetuning of naive B cell classification provided herein will harmonize research lines using naive B cells, and will improve B cell profiling during health and disease, e.g. during diagnosis, treatment, and vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Koers
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University medical centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Pollastro
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University medical centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Tol
- Sanquin Research, Department of Research facilities, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University medical centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse T G Niewold
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, ARC, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pauline A van Schouwenburg
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Niek de Vries
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, ARC, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University medical centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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35
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Itoh N, Ohshima Y. The dual aspects of IgD in the development of tolerance and the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Allergol Int 2022; 72:227-233. [PMID: 37010995 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell-surface form of IgD is co-expressed with IgM on mature, naïve B cells as B-cell receptors. The secreted IgD antibody (Ab) is found in relatively modest concentrations in the blood and other body fluids as it has a relatively short serum half-life. IgD Abs produced in the upper-respiratory mucosa presumably participate in host defense against pathogens. The allergen-mediated cross-linkage of basophil-bound IgD Ab enhances type 2 cytokine secretion; IgD Ab may also interfere with IgE-mediated basophil degranulation, suggesting dual and opposing roles of IgD Ab in allergen sensitization and the development of allergen immune tolerance. We recently demonstrated that children with egg allergies who avoided all forms of egg have lower ovomucoid-specific IgD and IgG4 Ab levels than those who only partially avoided egg products and that different mechanisms may regulate allergen-specific IgD Ab production compared to allergen-specific IgG4 Ab production. The relationship between antigen-specific IgD Ab levels and the clinical improvement of asthma and food allergies suggests that antigen-specific IgD Ab affects the process of outgrowing allergies. We discuss the possibility that allergen-specific IgD Ab production reflects low-affinity, allergen-specific IgE production as children outgrow a food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Itoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
| | - Yusei Ohshima
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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36
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Costa Silva RCM, Bandeira-Melo C, Paula Neto HA, Vale AM, Travassos LH. COVID-19 diverse outcomes: Aggravated reinfection, type I interferons and antibodies. Med Hypotheses 2022; 167:110943. [PMID: 36105250 PMCID: PMC9461281 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection intrigued medicine with diverse outcomes ranging from asymptomatic to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and death. After more than two years of pandemic, reports of reinfection concern researchers and physicists. Here, we will discuss potential mechanisms that can explain reinfections, including the aggravated ones. The major topics of this hypothesis paper are the disbalance between interferon and antibodies responses, HLA heterogeneity among the affected population, and increased proportion of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells polarization in relation to T follicular cells (Tfh) subtypes. These features affect antibody levels and hamper the humoral immunity necessary to prevent or minimize the viral burden in the case of reinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Cardoso Maciel Costa Silva
- Laboratório de Imunoreceptores e Sinalização, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christianne Bandeira-Melo
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Heitor Afonso Paula Neto
- Laboratório de Alvos Moleculares, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André Macedo Vale
- Laboratório de Biologia de Linfócitos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Holanda Travassos
- Laboratório de Imunoreceptores e Sinalização, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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37
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Wu IW, Wu YL, Yang HY, Hsu CK, Chang LC, Twu YC, Chang YL, Chung WH, Yang CW, Hsieh WP, Su SC. Deep immune profiling of patients with renal impairment unveils distinct immunotypes associated with disease severity. Clin Kidney J 2022; 16:78-89. [PMID: 36726440 PMCID: PMC9871851 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfac196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is pathologically correlated with a sophisticated milieu of innate and adaptive immune dysregulation, but the underlying immunological disturbances remain poorly understood. Methods To address this, we comprehensively interrogated cellular and soluble elements of the immune system by using high-dimensional flow cytometry to analyze peripheral blood mononuclear cells and performing cytokine/chemokine profiling of serum samples, respectively, in a cohort of 69 patients and 19 non-CKD controls. Results Altered serum levels of several cytokines/chemokines were identified, among which concentrations of stem cell factor (SCF) were found to be elevated with the progression of CKD and inversely correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Deep immunophenotyping analyses reveal a global change in immune modulation associated with CKD severity. Specifically, a decrease in the subsets of CD56dim natural killer (NK) cells (KLRG-1+CD38+CD64+CD15+CD197+) and monocytes (KLRG-1+CD38+PD-1+) was detected in severe CKD compared with controls and mild CKD. In addition, comparisons between mild and severe CKD demonstrated a loss of a mature B cell population (PD-1+CD197+IgD+HLA-DR+) in the advanced stages of disease. Further, we identified immunophenotypic markers to discriminate mild CKD from the controls, among which the portion of CD38+ monocytes was of particular value in early diagnosis. Conclusions Our data unveil severity-specific immunological signatures perturbed in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Wen Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lun Wu
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Yu Yang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkuo, Taiwan,Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cheng-Kai Hsu
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Lun-Ching Chang
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Yuh-Ching Twu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Chang
- Advanced Immunology Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkuo, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Chung
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Yang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkuo, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ping Hsieh
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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38
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Simón R, Martín-Martín A, Morel E, Díaz-Rosales P, Tafalla C. Functional and Phenotypic Characterization of B Cells in the Teleost Adipose Tissue. Front Immunol 2022; 13:868551. [PMID: 35619704 PMCID: PMC9127059 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.868551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response of the adipose tissue (AT) has been neglected in most animal models until investigations in human and mice linked obesity to chronic inflammation, highlighting the immune nature of this tissue. Despite this, in teleost fish, only a few studies have addressed the immune role of the AT. These studies have mostly focused on reporting transcriptional changes in the AT in response to diverse intraperitoneally delivered stimuli. Although the presence of B cells within the AT was also previously revealed, these cells have never been phenotypically or functionally characterized and this is what we have addressed in the current study. Initially, the B cell populations present in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) AT were characterized in comparison to B cells from other sources. As occurs in other rainbow trout tissues, IgM+IgD+, IgM+IgD- and IgD+IgM- B cell subsets were identified in the AT. Interestingly, AT IgM+IgD- B cells showed a transcriptional profile that agrees with that of cells that have committed to plasmablasts/plasma cells, being this profile much more pronounced towards a differentiation state than that of blood IgM+IgD- B cells. Accordingly, the IgM-secreting capacity of AT B cells is significantly higher than that of blood B cells. Additionally, AT IgM+IgD+ B cells also showed specific phenotypic traits when compared to their counterparts in other tissues. Finally, we established how these B cell subsets responded when rainbow trout were intraperitoneally injected with a model antigen. Our results demonstrate that the AT hosts plasmablasts/plasma cells that secrete specific IgMs, as happens in the peritoneal cavity and systemic immune tissues. Although the presence of these antigen-specific IgM-secreting cells was more abundant in the peritoneal cavity, these specific differentiated B cells were detected in the AT for long time periods at levels similar to those of spleen and head kidney. Our results provide new evidence regarding the immune role of the teleost AT, indicating that it functions as a secondary lymphoid organ that promotes immunity to peritoneal antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Simón
- Animal Health Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Martín-Martín
- Animal Health Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Morel
- Animal Health Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Díaz-Rosales
- Animal Health Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Animal Health Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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39
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Koers J, Pollastro S, Tol S, Pico-Knijnenburg I, Derksen NIL, van Schouwenburg PA, van der Burg M, van Ham SM, Rispens T. CD45RB Glycosylation and Ig Isotype Define Maturation of Functionally Distinct B Cell Subsets in Human Peripheral Blood. Front Immunol 2022; 13:891316. [PMID: 35572548 PMCID: PMC9095956 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.891316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation of CD45RB (RB+) has recently been identified to mark antigen-experienced B cells, independent of their CD27 expression. By using a novel combination of markers including CD45RB glycosylation, CD27 and IgM/IgD isotype expression we segregated human peripheral blood B cell subsets and investigated their IGHV repertoire and in vitro functionality. We observed distinct maturation stages for CD27-RB+ cells, defined by differential expression of non-switched Ig isotypes. CD27-RB+ cells, which only express IgM, were more matured in terms of Ig gene mutation levels and function as compared to CD27-RB+ cells that express both IgM and IgD or cells that were CD27-RB-. Moreover, CD27-RB+IgM+ cells already showed remarkable rigidity in IgM isotype commitment, different from CD27-RB+IgMD+ and CD27-RB- cells that still demonstrated great plasticity in B cell fate decision. Thus, glycosylation of CD45RB is indicative for antigen-primed B cells, which are, dependent on the Ig isotype, functionally distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Koers
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Pollastro
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Simon Tol
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin Research, Department of Research Facilities, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Pico-Knijnenburg
- Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ninotska I L Derksen
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pauline A van Schouwenburg
- Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam van der Burg
- Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - S Marieke van Ham
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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40
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Abstract
AbstractIn B cells, IgD is expressed together with IgM through alternative splicing of primary VHDJH-Cμ-s-m-Cδ-s-m RNAs, and also through IgD class switch DNA recombination (CSR) via double-strand DNA breaks (DSB) and synapse of Sμ with σδ. How such DSBs are resolved is still unknown, despite our previous report showing that Rad52 effects the ‘short-range’ microhomology-mediated synapsis of intra-Sμ region DSBs. Here we find that induction of IgD CSR downregulates Zfp318, and promotes Rad52 phosphorylation and recruitment to Sμ and σδ, thereby leading to alternative end-joining (A-EJ)-mediated Sμ-σδ recombination with extensive microhomologies, VHDJH-Cδs transcription and sustained IgD secretion. Rad52 ablation in mouse Rad52−/− B cells aborts IgD CSR in vitro and in vivo and dampens the specific IgD antibody response to OVA. Rad52 knockdown in human B cells also abrogates IgD CSR. Finally, Rad52 phosphorylation is associated with high levels of IgD CSR and anti-nuclear IgD autoantibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and in lupus-prone mice. Our findings thus show that Rad52 mediates IgD CSR through microhomology-mediated A-EJ in concert with Zfp318 downregulation.
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41
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Abstract
As central effectors of the adaptive immune response, immunoglobulins, or antibodies, provide essential protection from pathogens through their ability to recognize foreign antigens, aid in neutralization, and facilitate elimination from the host. Mammalian immunoglobulins can be classified into five isotypes—IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM—each with distinct roles in mediating various aspects of the immune response. Of these isotypes, IgA and IgM are the only ones capable of multimerization, arming them with unique biological functions. Increased valency of polymeric IgA and IgM provides high avidity for binding low-affinity antigens, and their ability to be transported across the mucosal epithelium into secretions by the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor allows them to play critical roles in mucosal immunity. Here we discuss the molecular assembly, structure, and function of these multimeric antibodies. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Immunology, Volume 40 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa L. Matsumoto
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
- Current affiliation: Department of Discovery Biotherapeutics, Exelixis, Inc., Alameda, California, USA
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42
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Differences of Circulating CD25hi Bregs and Their Correlations with CD4 Effector and Regulatory T Cells in Autoantibody-Positive T1D Compared with Age-Matched Healthy Individuals. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:2269237. [PMID: 35083339 PMCID: PMC8786465 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2269237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating CD25hi B cells, a subset of regulatory B cells in humans, are closely related to inflammation and autoimmune diseases. This study is aimed at investigating the alternation of CD25hi Bregs and their correlation with CD4 effector and regulatory T cells in T1D individuals. We included 68 autoantibody-positive T1D and 68 age-matched healthy individuals with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and assessed them with CD25hi Bregs and CD4 effector or regulatory T cells by flow cytometry. Here, we demonstrate that the frequency of CD25hi Bregs was significantly decreased in T1D subjects (P = 0.0016), but they were not affected by disease status (age at T1D diagnosis or duration) or T1D risk loci (rs2104286 or rs12251307) in IL2RA (all P > 0.05). Moreover, higher IgD (P = 0.043) and lower CD27 (P = 0.0003) expression was observed in CD25hi Bregs of T1D individuals, but not the expression of IgM, CD24, or CD38 (all P > 0.05). Although there was no correlation between CD25hi Bregs and CD4 effector T cell subsets in either T1D or healthy individuals (all P > 0.05), we found a positive correlation between CD25hi Bregs and CD4 Tregs in healthy controls (Sp. r = 0.3544, P = 0.0249), which disappeared in T1D subjects (Sp. r = 0.137, P = 0.401). In conclusion, our results suggest that decreased CD25hi Bregs and alternation of their phenotypes are features of T1D regardless of disease duration and T1D genetic risk loci, and an impaired balance between CD25hi Bregs and CD4 Tregs might contribute to the pathogenesis of T1D.
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Renna V, Surova E, Khadour A, Datta M, Amendt T, Hobeika E, Jumaa H. Defective Allelic Exclusion by IgD in the Absence of Autoantigen. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:293-302. [PMID: 34930782 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A considerable proportion of peripheral B cells is autoreactive, and it is unclear how the activation of such potentially harmful cells is regulated. In this study, we show that the different activation thresholds or IgM and IgD BCRs adjust B cell activation to the diverse requirements during development. We rely on the autoreactive 3-83 model BCR to generate and analyze mice expressing exclusively autoreactive IgD BCRs on two different backgrounds that determine two stages of autoreactivity, depending on the presence or absence of the cognate Ag. By comparing these models with IgM-expressing control mice, we found that, compared with IgM, IgD has a higher activation threshold in vivo, as it requires autoantigen to enable normal B cell development, including allelic exclusion. Our data indicate that IgM provides the high sensitivity required during early developmental stages to trigger editing of any autoreactive specificities, including those enabling weak interaction with autoantigen. In contrast, IgD has the unique ability to neglect weakly interacting autoantigens while retaining reactivity to higher-affinity Ag. This IgD function enables mature B cells to ignore autoantigens while remaining able to efficiently respond to foreign threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Renna
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Elena Surova
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; and.,Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ahmad Khadour
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Moumita Datta
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Timm Amendt
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Elias Hobeika
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hassan Jumaa
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany;
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Amendt T, Jumaa H. Adaptive tolerance: Protection through self-recognition. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2100236. [PMID: 34984705 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The random nature of immunoglobulin gene segment rearrangement inevitably leads to the generation of self-reactive B cells. Avoidance of destructive autoimmune reactions is necessary in order to maintain physiological homeostasis. However, current central and peripheral tolerance concepts fail to explain the massive number of autoantibody-borne autoimmune diseases. Moreover, recent studies have shown that in physiological mouse models autoreactive B cells were neither clonally deleted nor kept in an anergic state, but were instead able to mount autoantibody responses. We propose that activation of autoreactive B cells is induced by polyvalent autoantigen complexes that can occur under physiological conditions. Repeated encounter of autoantigen complexes leads to the production of affinity-matured autoreactive IgM that protects its respective self-targets from degradation. We refer to this novel mechanism as adaptive tolerance. This article discusses the discovery of adaptive tolerance and the unexpected role of high affinity IgM autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timm Amendt
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hassan Jumaa
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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45
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Chalayer E, Gramont B, Zekre F, Goguyer-Deschaumes R, Waeckel L, Grange L, Paul S, Chung AW, Killian M. Fc receptors gone wrong: A comprehensive review of their roles in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 21:103016. [PMID: 34915182 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.103016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Systemic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases have a complex and only partially known pathophysiology with various abnormalities involving all the components of the immune system. Among these components, antibodies, and especially autoantibodies are key elements contributing to autoimmunity. The interaction of antibody fragment crystallisable (Fc) and several distinct receptors, namely Fc receptors (FcRs), have gained much attention during the recent years, with possible major therapeutic perspectives for the future. The aim of this review is to comprehensively describe the known roles for FcRs (activating and inhibitory FcγRs, neonatal FcR [FcRn], FcαRI, FcεRs, Ro52/tripartite motif containing 21 [Ro52/TRIM21], FcδR, and the novel Fc receptor-like [FcRL] family) in systemic autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, namely rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, mixed connective tissue disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, immunoglobulin (Ig) A vasculitis, Behçet's disease, Kawasaki disease, IgG4-related disease, immune thrombocytopenia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, antiphospholipid syndrome and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Chalayer
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, Saint-Etienne, France; INSERM U1059-Sainbiose, dysfonction vasculaire et hémostase, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Baptiste Gramont
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Internal Medicine, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Franck Zekre
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Pediatrics, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Roman Goguyer-Deschaumes
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Louis Waeckel
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Immunology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Lucile Grange
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Internal Medicine, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Immunology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Amy W Chung
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin Killian
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Internal Medicine, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France.
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Glycoengineering of Therapeutic Antibodies with Small Molecule Inhibitors. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:antib10040044. [PMID: 34842612 PMCID: PMC8628514 DOI: 10.3390/antib10040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are one of the cornerstones of modern medicine, across an increasing range of therapeutic areas. All therapeutic mAbs are glycoproteins, i.e., their polypeptide chain is decorated with glycans, oligosaccharides of extraordinary structural diversity. The presence, absence, and composition of these glycans can have a profound effect on the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile of individual mAbs. Approaches for the glycoengineering of therapeutic mAbs—the manipulation and optimisation of mAb glycan structures—are therefore of great interest from a technological, therapeutic, and regulatory perspective. In this review, we provide a brief introduction to the effects of glycosylation on the biological and pharmacological functions of the five classes of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgE, IgA, IgM and IgD) that form the backbone of all current clinical and experimental mAbs, including an overview of common mAb expression systems. We review selected examples for the use of small molecule inhibitors of glycan biosynthesis for mAb glycoengineering, we discuss the potential advantages and challenges of this approach, and we outline potential future applications. The main aim of the review is to showcase the expanding chemical toolbox that is becoming available for mAb glycoengineering to the biology and biotechnology community.
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Wan Z, Zhao Y, Sun Y. Immunoglobulin D and its encoding genes: An updated review. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 124:104198. [PMID: 34237381 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Since the identification of a functional Cδ gene in ostriches, immunoglobulin (Ig) D has been considered to be an extremely evolutionarily conserved Ig isotype besides the IgM found in all classes of jawed vertebrates. However, in contrast to IgM (which remains stable over evolutionary time), IgD shows considerable structural plasticity among vertebrate species and, moreover, its functions are far from elucidated even in humans and mice. Recently, several studies have shown that high expression of the IgD-B-cell receptor (IgD-BCR) may help physiologically autoreactive B cells survive in peripheral lymphoid tissues thanks to unresponsiveness to self-antigens and help their entry into germinal centers to "redeem" autoreactivity via somatic hypermutation. Other studies have demonstrated that secreted IgD may enhance mucosal homeostasis and immunity by linking B cells with basophils to optimize T-helper-2 cell-mediated responses and to constrain IgE-mediated basophil degranulation. Herein, we review the new discoveries on IgD-encoding genes in jawed vertebrates in the past decade. We also highlight advances in the functions of the IgD-BCR and secreted IgD in humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaofeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Dauba A, Khamlichi AA. Long-Range Control of Class Switch Recombination by Transcriptional Regulatory Elements. Front Immunol 2021; 12:738216. [PMID: 34594340 PMCID: PMC8477019 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.738216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR) plays a crucial role in adaptive immune responses through a change of the effector functions of antibodies and is triggered by T-cell-dependent as well as T-cell-independent antigens. Signals generated following encounter with each type of antigen direct CSR to different isotypes. At the genomic level, CSR occurs between highly repetitive switch sequences located upstream of the constant gene exons of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. Transcription of switch sequences is mandatory for CSR and is induced in a stimulation-dependent manner. Switch transcription takes place within dynamic chromatin domains and is regulated by long-range regulatory elements which promote alignment of partner switch regions in CSR centers. Here, we review recent work and models that account for the function of long-range transcriptional regulatory elements and the chromatin-based mechanisms involved in the control of CSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Dauba
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Ahmed Amine Khamlichi
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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Kadam K, Peerzada N, Karbhal R, Sawant S, Valadi J, Kulkarni-Kale U. Antibody Class(es) Predictor for Epitopes (AbCPE): A Multi-Label Classification Algorithm. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 1:709951. [PMID: 36303781 PMCID: PMC9581038 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2021.709951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies to deal with infectious and other diseases are the most perceptible scientific interventions that have had huge impact on public health including that in the current Covid-19 pandemic. From inactivation methodologies to reverse vaccinology, vaccine development strategies of 21st century have undergone several transformations and are moving towards rational design approaches. These developments are driven by data as the combinatorials involved in antigenic diversity of pathogens and immune repertoire of hosts are enormous. The computational prediction of epitopes is central to these developments and numerous B-cell epitope prediction methods developed over the years in the field of immunoinformatics have contributed enormously. Most of these methods predict epitopes that could potentially bind to an antibody regardless of its type and only a few account for antibody class specific epitope prediction. Recent studies have provided evidence of more than one class of antibodies being associated with a particular disease. Therefore, it is desirable to predict and prioritize ‘peptidome’ representing B-cell epitopes that can potentially bind to multiple classes of antibodies, as an open problem in immunoinformatics. To address this, AbCPE, a novel algorithm based on multi-label classification approach has been developed for prediction of antibody class(es) to which an epitope can potentially bind. The epitopes binding to one or more antibody classes (IgG, IgE, IgA and IgM) have been used as a knowledgebase to derive features for prediction. Multi-label algorithms, Binary Relevance and Label Powerset were applied along with Random Forest and AdaBoost. Classifier performance was assessed using evaluation measures like Hamming Loss, Precision, Recall and F1 score. The Binary Relevance model based on dipeptide composition, Random Forest and AdaBoost achieved the best results with Hamming Loss of 0.1121 and 0.1074 on training and test sets respectively. The results obtained by AbCPE are promising. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first multi-label method developed for prediction of antibody class(es) for sequential B-cell epitopes and is expected to bring a paradigm shift in the field of immunoinformatics and immunotherapeutic developments in synthetic biology. The AbCPE web server is available at http://bioinfo.unipune.ac.in/AbCPE/Home.html.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kadam
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Noor Peerzada
- Centre for Modeling and Simulation, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Rajiv Karbhal
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Sangeeta Sawant
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Jayaraman Valadi
- Department of Computer Science, FLAME University, Pune, India
- *Correspondence: Jayaraman Valadi, ; Urmila Kulkarni-Kale, ,
| | - Urmila Kulkarni-Kale
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
- *Correspondence: Jayaraman Valadi, ; Urmila Kulkarni-Kale, ,
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50
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Amendt T, Ayoubi OE, Linder AT, Allies G, Young M, Setz CS, Jumaa H. Primary Immune Responses and Affinity Maturation Are Controlled by IgD. Front Immunol 2021; 12:709240. [PMID: 34434193 PMCID: PMC8381280 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.709240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mature B cells co-express IgM and IgD B cell antigen receptors (BCR) on their surface. While IgM BCR expression is already essential at early stages of development, the role of the IgD-class BCR remains unclear as most B cell functions appeared unchanged in IgD-deficient mice. Here, we show that IgD-deficient mice have an accelerated rate of B cell responsiveness as they activate antibody production within 24h after immunization, whereas wildtype (WT) animals required 3 days to activate primary antibody responses. Strikingly, soluble monovalent antigen suppresses IgG antibody production induced by multivalent antigen in WT mice. In contrast, IgD-deficient mice were not able to modulate IgG responses suggesting that IgD controls the activation rate of B cells and subsequent antibody production by sensing and distinguishing antigen-valences. Using an insulin-derived peptide we tested the role of IgD in autoimmunity. We show that primary autoreactive antibody responses are generated in WT and in IgD-deficient mice. However, insulin-specific autoantibodies were detected earlier and caused more severe symptoms of autoimmune diabetes in IgD-deficient mice as compared to WT mice. The rapid control of autoimmune diabetes in WT animals was associated with the generation of high-affinity IgM that protects insulin from autoimmune degradation. In IgD-deficient mice, however, the generation of high-affinity protective IgM is delayed resulting in prolonged autoimmune diabetes. Our data suggest that IgD is required for the transition from primary, highly autoreactive, to secondary antigen-specific antibody responses generated by affinity maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hassan Jumaa
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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