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Liu W, Zhang M, Hu C, Song H, Mei Y, Liu Y, Zhang Q. Remdesivir Derivative VV116 Is a Potential Broad-Spectrum Inhibitor of Both Human and Animal Coronaviruses. Viruses 2023; 15:2295. [PMID: 38140536 PMCID: PMC10748125 DOI: 10.3390/v15122295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses represent a significant threat to both human and animal health, encompassing a range of pathogenic strains responsible for illnesses, from the common cold to more severe diseases. VV116 is a deuterated derivative of Remdesivir with oral bioavailability that was found to potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2. In this work, we investigated the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of VV116 against a variety of human and animal coronaviruses. We examined the inhibitory effects of VV116 on the replication of the human coronaviruses HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E, and HCoV-OC43, as well as the animal coronaviruses MHV, FIPV, FECV, and CCoV. The findings reveal that VV116 effectively inhibits viral replication across these strains without exhibiting cytotoxicity, indicating its potential for safe therapeutic use. Based on the results of a time-of-addition assay and an rNTP competitive inhibition assay, it is speculated that the inhibitory mechanism of VV116 against HCoV-NL63 is consistent with its inhibition of SARS-CoV-2. Our work presents VV116 as a promising candidate for broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus therapy, with implications for both human and animal health, and supports the expansion of its therapeutic applications as backed by detailed experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (W.L.); (C.H.); (H.S.)
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430033, China;
| | - Chengxiu Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (W.L.); (C.H.); (H.S.)
| | - Huijuan Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (W.L.); (C.H.); (H.S.)
| | - Yi Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
| | - Yingle Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
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2
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Inniss NL, Kozic J, Li F, Rosas-Lemus M, Minasov G, Rybáček J, Zhu Y, Pohl R, Shuvalova L, Rulíšek L, Brunzelle JS, Bednárová L, Štefek M, Kormaník JM, Andris E, Šebestík J, Li ASM, Brown PJ, Schmitz U, Saikatendu K, Chang E, Nencka R, Vedadi M, Satchell KJ. Discovery of a Druggable, Cryptic Pocket in SARS-CoV-2 nsp16 Using Allosteric Inhibitors. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:1918-1931. [PMID: 37728236 PMCID: PMC10961098 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
A collaborative, open-science team undertook discovery of novel small molecule inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 nsp16-nsp10 2'-O-methyltransferase using a high throughput screening approach with the potential to reveal new inhibition strategies. This screen yielded compound 5a, a ligand possessing an electron-deficient double bond, as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 nsp16 activity. Surprisingly, X-ray crystal structures revealed that 5a covalently binds within a previously unrecognized cryptic pocket near the S-adenosylmethionine binding cleft in a manner that prevents occupation by S-adenosylmethionine. Using a multidisciplinary approach, we examined the mechanism of binding of compound 5a to the nsp16 cryptic pocket and developed 5a derivatives that inhibited nsp16 activity and murine hepatitis virus replication in rat lung epithelial cells but proved cytotoxic to cell lines canonically used to examine SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our study reveals the druggability of this newly discovered SARS-CoV-2 nsp16 cryptic pocket, provides novel tool compounds to explore the site, and suggests a new approach for discovery of nsp16 inhibition-based pan-coronavirus therapeutics through structure-guided drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L. Inniss
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Center for Structural Biology of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States
| | - Ján Kozic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Fengling Li
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Monica Rosas-Lemus
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Center for Structural Biology of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States
| | - George Minasov
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Center for Structural Biology of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States
| | - Jiří Rybáček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Yingjie Zhu
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd, China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 201308, China
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmilla Shuvalova
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States
| | - Lubomír Rulíšek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Joseph S. Brunzelle
- Northwestern Synchrotron Research Center, Life Sciences Collaborative Access Team, Northwestern University, Argonne, IL, 60439, United States
| | - Lucie Bednárová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Štefek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Michael Kormaník
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Erik Andris
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Šebestík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Alice Shi Ming Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada, and Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Peter J. Brown
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Uli Schmitz
- Structural Chemistry, Gilead Pharmaceuticals, San Mateo, CA, 94404, United States
| | - Kumar Saikatendu
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, United States
| | - Edcon Chang
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, United States
| | - Radim Nencka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Masoud Vedadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada, and Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Karla J.F. Satchell
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Center for Structural Biology of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States
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3
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Grabherr S, Waltenspühl A, Büchler L, Lütge M, Cheng HW, Caviezel-Firner S, Ludewig B, Krebs P, Pikor NB. An Innate Checkpoint Determines Immune Dysregulation and Immunopathology during Pulmonary Murine Coronavirus Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:774-785. [PMID: 36715496 PMCID: PMC9986052 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hallmarks of life-threatening, coronavirus-induced disease include dysregulated antiviral immunity and immunopathological tissue injury. Nevertheless, the sampling of symptomatic patients overlooks the initial inflammatory sequela culminating in severe coronavirus-induced disease, leaving a fundamental gap in our understanding of the early mechanisms regulating anticoronavirus immunity and preservation of tissue integrity. In this study, we delineate the innate regulators controlling pulmonary infection using a natural mouse coronavirus. Within hours of infection, the cellular landscape of the lung was transcriptionally remodeled altering host metabolism, protein synthesis, and macrophage maturation. Genetic perturbation revealed that these transcriptional programs were type I IFN dependent and critically controlled both host cell survival and viral spread. Unrestricted viral replication overshooting protective IFN responses culminated in increased IL-1β and alarmin production and triggered compensatory neutrophilia, interstitial inflammation, and vascular injury. Thus, type I IFNs critically regulate early viral burden, which serves as an innate checkpoint determining the trajectory of coronavirus dissemination and immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Grabherr
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Waltenspühl
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lorina Büchler
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Mechthild Lütge
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Caviezel-Firner
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Krebs
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Natalia B. Pikor
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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4
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Bandyopadhyay SS, Halder AK, Saha S, Chatterjee P, Nasipuri M, Basu S. Assessment of GO-Based Protein Interaction Affinities in the Large-Scale Human–Coronavirus Family Interactome. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030549. [PMID: 36992133 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that replicates itself via interacting with the host proteins. As a result, identifying virus and host protein-protein interactions could help researchers better understand the virus disease transmission behavior and identify possible COVID-19 drugs. The International Committee on Virus Taxonomy has determined that nCoV is genetically 89% compared to the SARS-CoV epidemic in 2003. This paper focuses on assessing the host–pathogen protein interaction affinity of the coronavirus family, having 44 different variants. In light of these considerations, a GO-semantic scoring function is provided based on Gene Ontology (GO) graphs for determining the binding affinity of any two proteins at the organism level. Based on the availability of the GO annotation of the proteins, 11 viral variants, viz., SARS-CoV-2, SARS, MERS, Bat coronavirus HKU3, Bat coronavirus Rp3/2004, Bat coronavirus HKU5, Murine coronavirus, Bovine coronavirus, Rat coronavirus, Bat coronavirus HKU4, Bat coronavirus 133/2005, are considered from 44 viral variants. The fuzzy scoring function of the entire host–pathogen network has been processed with ~180 million potential interactions generated from 19,281 host proteins and around 242 viral proteins. ~4.5 million potential level one host–pathogen interactions are computed based on the estimated interaction affinity threshold. The resulting host–pathogen interactome is also validated with state-of-the-art experimental networks. The study has also been extended further toward the drug-repurposing study by analyzing the FDA-listed COVID drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyendu Sekhar Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Adamas University, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Anup Kumar Halder
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Sciences, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sovan Saha
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering (Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning), Techno Main Salt Lake, Sector V, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Piyali Chatterjee
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Netaji Subhash Engineering College, Kolkata 700152, India
| | - Mita Nasipuri
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Subhadip Basu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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5
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Li Q, Shah T, Wang B, Qu L, Wang R, Hou Y, Baloch Z, Xia X. Cross-species transmission, evolution and zoonotic potential of coronaviruses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1081370. [PMID: 36683695 PMCID: PMC9853062 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1081370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) continuously evolve, crossing species barriers and spreading across host ranges. Over the last two decades, several CoVs (HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) have emerged in animals and mammals, causing significant economic and human life losses. Due to CoV cross-species transmission and the evolution of novel viruses, it is critical to identify their natural reservoiurs and the circumstances under which their transmission occurs. In this review, we use genetic and ecological data to disentangle the evolution of various CoVs in wildlife, humans, and domestic mammals. We thoroughly investigate several host species and outline the epidemiology of CoVs toward specific hosts. We also discuss the cross-species transmission of CoVs at the interface of wildlife, animals, and humans. Clarifying the epidemiology and diversity of species reservoirs will significantly impact our ability to respond to the future emergence of CoVs in humans and domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China,The First Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Taif Shah
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Binghui Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Linyu Qu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yutong Hou
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zulqarnain Baloch
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China,*Correspondence: Xueshan Xia,
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6
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Shilagardi K, Spear ED, Abraham R, Griffin DE, Michaelis S. The Integral Membrane Protein ZMPSTE24 Protects Cells from SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Mediated Pseudovirus Infection and Syncytia Formation. mBio 2022; 13:e0254322. [PMID: 36197088 PMCID: PMC9601121 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02543-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had a devastating impact on global public health, emphasizing the importance of understanding innate immune mechanisms and cellular restriction factors that cells can harness to fight viral infections. The multimembrane-spanning zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24 is one such restriction factor. ZMPSTE24 has a well-characterized proteolytic role in the maturation of prelamin A, precursor of the nuclear scaffold protein lamin A. An apparently unrelated role for ZMPSTE24 in viral defense involves its interaction with the interferon-inducible membrane proteins (IFITMs), which block virus-host cell fusion by rigidifying cellular membranes and thereby prevent viral infection. ZMPSTE24, like the IFITMs, defends cells against a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses. However, its ability to protect against coronaviruses has never been examined. Here, we show that overexpression of ZMPSTE24 reduces the efficiency of cellular infection by SARS-CoV-2 Spike-pseudotyped lentivirus and that genetic knockout or small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous ZMPSTE24 enhances infectivity. We further demonstrate a protective role for ZMPSTE24 in a Spike-ACE2-dependent cell-cell fusion assay. In both assays, a catalytic dead version of ZMPSTE24 is equally as protective as the wild-type protein, indicating that ZMPSTE24's proteolytic activity is not required for defense against SARS-CoV-2. Finally, we demonstrate by plaque assays that Zmpste24-/- mouse cells show enhanced infection by a genuine coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV). This study extends the range of viral protection afforded by ZMPSTE24 to include coronaviruses and suggests that targeting ZMPSTE24's mechanism of viral defense could have therapeutic benefit. IMPORTANCE The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has underscored the importance of understanding intrinsic cellular components that can be harnessed as the cell's first line of defense to fight against viral infection. Our paper focuses on one such protein, the integral membrane protease ZMPSTE24, which interacts with interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins (IFITMs). IFITMs interfere with virus entry by inhibiting fusion between viral and host cell membranes, and ZMPSTE24 appears to contribute to this inhibitory activity. ZMPSTE24 has been shown to defend cells against several, but not all, enveloped viruses. In this study, we extend ZMPSTE24's reach to include coronaviruses, by showing that ZMPSTE24 protects cells from SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection, Spike protein-mediated cell-cell fusion, and infection by the mouse coronavirus MHV. This work lays the groundwork for further studies to decipher the mechanistic role of ZMPSTE24 in blocking the entry of SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurts Shilagardi
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric D. Spear
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachy Abraham
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Diane E. Griffin
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan Michaelis
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Duhalde Vega M, Olivera D, Gastão Davanzo G, Bertullo M, Noya V, Fabiano de Souza G, Primon Muraro S, Castro I, Arévalo AP, Crispo M, Galliussi G, Russo S, Charbonnier D, Rammauro F, Jeldres M, Alamón C, Varela V, Batthyany C, Bollati-Fogolín M, Oppezzo P, Pritsch O, Proença-Módena JL, Nakaya HI, Trias E, Barbeito L, Anegon I, Cuturi MC, Moraes-Vieira P, Segovia M, Hill M. PD-1/PD-L1 blockade abrogates a dysfunctional innate-adaptive immune axis in critical β-coronavirus disease. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn6545. [PMID: 36129987 PMCID: PMC9491709 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn6545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 is associated with hyperinflammation and weak T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2. However, the links between those processes remain partially characterized. Moreover, whether and how therapeutically manipulating T cells may benefit patients are unknown. Our genetic and pharmacological evidence demonstrates that the ion channel TMEM176B inhibited inflammasome activation triggered by SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2-related murine β-coronavirus. Tmem176b-/- mice infected with murine β-coronavirus developed inflammasome-dependent T cell dysfunction and critical disease, which was controlled by modulating dysfunctional T cells with PD-1 blockers. In critical COVID-19, inflammasome activation correlated with dysfunctional T cells and low monocytic TMEM176B expression, whereas PD-L1 blockade rescued T cell functionality. Here, we mechanistically link T cell dysfunction and inflammation, supporting a cancer immunotherapy to reinforce T cell immunity in critical β-coronavirus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Duhalde Vega
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Inflammation, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Daniela Olivera
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Inflammation, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Immunobiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gustavo Gastão Davanzo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Verónica Noya
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Sanatorio Americano, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gabriela Fabiano de Souza
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Stéfanie Primon Muraro
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Arévalo
- Laboratory Animals Biotechnology, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martina Crispo
- Laboratory Animals Biotechnology, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Germán Galliussi
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Drug Development, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sofía Russo
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Inflammation, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Immunobiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - David Charbonnier
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Inflammation, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Rammauro
- Immunobiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mathías Jeldres
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Inflammation, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Immunobiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Catalina Alamón
- Laboratorio de Neurodegeneración, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Valentina Varela
- Laboratorio de Neurodegeneración, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Batthyany
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Drug Development, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Pablo Oppezzo
- Research Laboratory on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Otto Pritsch
- Immunobiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - José Luiz Proença-Módena
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Emiliano Trias
- Laboratorio de Neurodegeneración, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Luis Barbeito
- Laboratorio de Neurodegeneración, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- INSERM UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology; Université de Nantes; CHU Nantes, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), 44093 Nantes, France
| | - María Cristina Cuturi
- INSERM UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology; Université de Nantes; CHU Nantes, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Pedro Moraes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mercedes Segovia
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Inflammation, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Immunobiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Corresponding author. (M.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Marcelo Hill
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Inflammation, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Immunobiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Corresponding author. (M.S.); (M.H.)
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8
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Hydrophobic cellulose-based and non-woven fabrics coated with mesoporous TiO2 and their virucidal properties under indoor light. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2022. [PMCID: PMC8717712 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiviral hydrophobic cellulose-based cotton or non-woven fabrics containing mesoporous TiO2 particles were developed for potential use in healthcare and in other contaminated environments. Hydrosols made with the sol-gel method using two different amounts of the Ti precursor were applied to cotton and non-woven fabrics and their virucidal effect on Murine Coronavirus (MHV-3) and Human Adenovirus (HAdV-5) was evaluated under indoor light irradiation. The results show 90% reduction of HAdV-5 and up to 99% of MHV-3 in non-woven fabric, and 90% reduction of MHV-3 and no reduction of HAdV-5 in cotton fabric. The antiviral activity was related to the properties of the TiO2 powders and coatings characterized by BET surface area, DRX, DLS, FTIR, DRS, SEM, TEM and water contact angle. The hydrophobic characteristic of the treated fabrics and the high surface area of the TiO2 particles favor interaction with the virus, especially MHV-3. These results demonstrate that non-woven fabric and cotton, coated with TiO2, can be highly effective in preventing contamination with MHV-3 and HAdV-5 viruses, particularly for applications in healthcare indoor environments.
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T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 in humans and animals. J Microbiol 2022; 60:276-289. [PMID: 35157219 PMCID: PMC8852923 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-1624-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, first emerged in 2019. Antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 have been given a lot of attention. However, the armamentarium of humoral and T cells may have differing roles in different viral infections. Though the exact role of T cells in COVID-19 remains to be elucidated, prior experience with human coronavirus has revealed an essential role of T cells in the outcomes of viral infections. Moreover, an increasing body of evidence suggests that T cells might be effective against SARS-CoV-2. This review summarizes the role of T cells in mouse CoV, human pathogenic respiratory CoV in general and SARS-CoV-2 in specific.
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Lee SR, Roh JY, Ryu J, Shin HJ, Hong EJ. Activation of TCA cycle restrains virus-metabolic hijacking and viral replication in mouse hepatitis virus-infected cells. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:7. [PMID: 35042550 PMCID: PMC8764321 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00740-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
One of coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and threatened worldwide. However, therapy for COVID-19 has rarely been proven to possess specific efficacy. As the virus relies on host metabolism for its survival, several studies have reported metabolic intervention by SARS-CoV-2.
Results
We investigated the coronavirus-metabolic hijacking using mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) as a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2. Based on the altered host metabolism by MHV infection, an increase of glycolysis with low mitochondrial metabolism, we tried to investigate possible therapeutic molecules which increase the TCA cycle. Endogenous metabolites and metabolic regulators were introduced to restrain viral replication by metabolic intervention. We observed that cells deprived of cellular energy nutrition with low glycolysis strongly suppress viral replication. Furthermore, viral replication was also significantly suppressed by electron transport chain inhibitors which exhaust cellular energy. Apart from glycolysis and ETC, pyruvate supplement suppressed viral replication by the TCA cycle induction. As the non-glucose metabolite, fatty acids supplement decreased viral replication via the TCA cycle. Additionally, as a highly possible therapeutic metabolite, nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplement, which activates the TCA cycle by supplying NAD+, substantially suppressed viral replication.
Conclusions
This study suggests that metabolite-mediated TCA cycle activation suppresses replication of coronavirus and suggests that NR might play a role as a novel therapeutic metabolite for coronavirus.
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Nakayama M, Kyuwa S. Basic reproduction numbers of three strains of mouse hepatitis viruses in mice. Microbiol Immunol 2022; 66:166-172. [PMID: 34984727 PMCID: PMC9306726 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is a murine coronavirus and one of the most important pathogens in laboratory mice. Although various strains of MHV have been isolated, they are generally excreted in the feces and transmitted oronasally via aerosols and contaminated bedding. In this study, we attempted to determine the basic reproduction numbers (R0) of three strains of MHV to improve our understanding of MHV infections in mice. Five‐week‐old female C57BL/6J mice were inoculated intranasally with either the Y, NuU, or JHM variant strain of MHV and housed with two naïve mice. After 4 weeks, the presence or absence of anti‐MHV antibody in the mice was determined by ELISA. We also examined the distribution of MHV in the organs of Y, NuU, or JHM variant‐infected mice. Our data suggest that the transmissibility of MHV is correlated with viral growth in the gastrointestinal tract of infected mice. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to address the basic reproduction numbers among pathogens in laboratory animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Nakayama
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kyuwa
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Paidas MJ, Mohamed AB, Norenberg MD, Saad A, Barry AF, Colon C, Kenyon NS, Jayakumar AR. Multi-Organ Histopathological Changes in a Mouse Hepatitis Virus Model of COVID-19. Viruses 2021; 13:1703. [PMID: 34578284 PMCID: PMC8473123 DOI: 10.3390/v13091703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the global COVID-19 pandemic, causes a respiratory illness that can severely impact other organ systems and is possibly precipitated by cytokine storm, septic shock, thrombosis, and oxidative stress. SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals may be asymptomatic or may experience mild, moderate, or severe symptoms with or without pneumonia. The mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 infects humans are largely unknown. Mouse hepatitis virus 1 (MHV-1)-induced infection was used as a highly relevant surrogate animal model for this study. We further characterized this animal model and compared it with SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans. MHV-1 inoculated mice displayed death as well as weight loss, as reported earlier. We showed that MHV-1-infected mice at days 7-8 exhibit severe lung inflammation, peribronchiolar interstitial infiltration, bronchiolar epithelial cell necrosis and intra-alveolar necrotic debris, alveolar exudation (surrounding alveolar walls have capillaries that are dilated and filled with red blood cells), mononuclear cell infiltration, hyaline membrane formation, the presence of hemosiderin-laden macrophages, and interstitial edema. When compared to uninfected mice, the infected mice showed severe liver vascular congestion, luminal thrombosis of portal and sinusoidal vessels, hepatocyte degeneration, cell necrosis, and hemorrhagic changes. Proximal and distal tubular necrosis, hemorrhage in interstitial tissue, and the vacuolation of renal tubules were observed. The heart showed severe interstitial edema, vascular congestion, and dilation, as well as red blood cell extravasation into the interstitium. Upon examination of the MHV-1 infected mice brain, we observed congested blood vessels, perivascular cavitation, cortical pericellular halos, vacuolation of neuropils, darkly stained nuclei, pyknotic nuclei, and associated vacuolation of the neuropil in the cortex, as well as acute eosinophilic necrosis and necrotic neurons with fragmented nuclei and vacuolation in the hippocampus. Our findings suggest that the widespread thrombotic events observed in the surrogate animal model for SARS-CoV-2 mimic the reported findings in SARS-CoV-2 infected humans, representing a highly relevant and safe animal model for the study of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 for potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Paidas
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Adhar B Mohamed
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Michael D Norenberg
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ali Saad
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ariel Faye Barry
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Cristina Colon
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Norma Sue Kenyon
- Microbiology & Immunology and Biomedical Engineering, Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Arumugam R Jayakumar
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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