1
|
He N, Ni Y, Teng J, Li H, Yao L, Zhao P. Identification of inorganic oxidizing salts in homemade explosives using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 221:117164. [PMID: 31163327 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, inorganic low explosives, such as pyrotechnic composition, black powder, and ammonium nitrate, are commonly used in improvised explosive devices (IEDs) by the rioter or terrorists since these energetic materials can be obtained easily and legally from civilian markets. Identification of inorganic oxidizing salts in these homemade explosives, including nitrates, chlorates, and perchlorates, is a necessary procedure for forensic investigators to provide criminal evidences. In this article, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to discriminate NO3-, CO32-, ClO3-, ClO4-, SO42-, and NH4+, whose characteristic absorption bands were explained by vibration modes of the covalent bonds. Then the spectral absorption features of nitrate salts with monovalent or divalent cations were discussed. Furthermore, it was studied whether nitrates or perchlorates can be unequivocally distinguished with the presence of carbonate and sulfate impurities through FTIR technique. Finally, the feasibility of this method was verified through an analytical case of homemade explosives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning He
- Department of Forensic Chemistry, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110035, China
| | - Yunchang Ni
- Department of Forensic Chemistry, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110035, China
| | - Jiao Teng
- Department of Forensic Chemistry, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110035, China
| | - Hongda Li
- Department of Forensic Chemistry, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110035, China
| | - Lijuan Yao
- Department of Forensic Chemistry, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110035, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhao
- Department of Forensic Chemistry, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110035, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pinheiro KMP, Moreira RC, Rezende KCA, Talhavini M, Logrado LPL, Baio JAF, Lanza MRV, Coltro WKT. Rapid separation of post-blast explosive residues on glass electrophoresis microchips. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:462-468. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger C. Moreira
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal de Goiás; Goiânia GO Brazil
| | | | - Márcio Talhavini
- Instituto Nacional de Criminalística; Polícia Federal Brasileira; Brasília DF Brazil
| | | | - José A. F. Baio
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos; Universidade de São Paulo; São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - Marcos R. V. Lanza
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos; Universidade de São Paulo; São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - Wendell K. T. Coltro
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal de Goiás; Goiânia GO Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica; Campinas SP Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Martín-Alberca C, Zapata F, Carrascosa H, Ortega-Ojeda FE, García-Ruiz C. Study of consumer fireworks post-blast residues by ATR-FTIR. Talanta 2016; 149:257-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
4
|
Martín-Alberca C, de la Ossa MÁF, Sáiz J, Ferrando JL, García-Ruiz C. Anions in pre- and post-blast consumer fireworks by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:3272-80. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martín-Alberca
- University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP); University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Multipurpose Building of Chemistry; University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) Spain
| | - Ma Ángeles Fernández de la Ossa
- University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP); University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Multipurpose Building of Chemistry; University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) Spain
| | - Jorge Sáiz
- University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP); University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Multipurpose Building of Chemistry; University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) Spain
| | - José Luis Ferrando
- University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP); University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) Spain
- Criminalistic Service of Guardia Civil; Madrid Spain
| | - Carmen García-Ruiz
- University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP); University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Multipurpose Building of Chemistry; University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Chou A, Jaatinen E, Buividas R, Seniutinas G, Juodkazis S, Izake EL, Fredericks PM. SERS substrate for detection of explosives. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:7419-24. [PMID: 23085837 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr32409a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A novel gold coated femtosecond laser nanostructured sapphire surface - an "optical nose" - based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for detecting vapours of explosive substances was investigated. Four different nitroaromatic vapours at room temperature were tested. Sensor responses were unambiguous and showed response in the range of 0.05-15 μM at 25 °C. The laser fabricated substrate nanostructures produced up to an eight-fold increase in Raman signal over that observed on the unstructured portions of the substrate. This work demonstrates a simple sensing system that is compatible with commercial manufacturing practices to detect taggants in explosives which can undertake as part of an integrated security or investigative mission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Chou
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4001, QLD, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Feng Q, Wanigasekara E, Breitbach ZS, Armstrong DW. Separation of multiply charged anions by capillary electrophoresis using alkyl phosphonium pairing agents. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:1153-61. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington; TX; USA
| | - Eranda Wanigasekara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington; TX; USA
| | - Zachary S. Breitbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington; TX; USA
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington; TX; USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu J, Gerstandt K, Zhang H, Liu J, Hinds BJ. Electrophoretically induced aqueous flow through single-walled carbon nanotube membranes. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 7:133-9. [PMID: 22245860 PMCID: PMC4134328 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2011.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Electrophoresis, the motion of charged species through liquids and pores under the influence of an external electric field, has been the principle source of chemical pumping for numerous micro- and nanofluidic device platforms. Recent measurements of ion currents through single or few carbon nanotube channels have yielded values of ion mobility that range from close to the bulk mobility to values that are two to seven orders of magnitude higher than the bulk mobility. However, these experiments cannot directly measure ion flux. Experiments on membranes that contain a large number of nanotube pores allow the ion current and ion flux to be measured independently. Here, we report that the mobilities of ions within such membranes are approximately three times higher than the bulk mobility. Moreover, the induced electro-osmotic velocities are four orders of magnitude faster than those measured in conventional porous materials. We also show that a nanotube membrane can function as a rectifying diode due to ionic steric effects within the nanotubes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Determination of emulsion explosives with Span-80 as emulsifier by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3521-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
10
|
Sarazin C, Delaunay N, Costanza C, Eudes V, Gareil P. Capillary electrophoresis analysis of inorganic cations in post-blast residue extracts applying a guanidinium-based electrolyte and bilayer-coated capillaries. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:1282-91. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
11
|
Prest JE, Beardah MS, Baldock SJ, Doyle SP, Fielden PR, Goddard NJ, Brown BJT. Determination of the potassium content of explosive residues using miniaturised isotachophoresis. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:3775-82. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
12
|
Sarazin C, Delaunay N, Varenne A, Vial J, Costanza C, Eudes V, Minet JJ, Gareil P. Identification and determination of inorganic anions in real extracts from pre- and post-blast residues by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6971-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
13
|
Lin X, Gerardi AR, Breitbach ZS, Armstrong DW, Colyer CL. CE-ESI-MS analysis of singly charged inorganic and organic anions using a dicationic reagent as a complexing agent. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:3918-25. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
14
|
Hutchinson JP, Johns C, Breadmore MC, Hilder EF, Guijt RM, Lennard C, Dicinoski G, Haddad PR. Identification of inorganic ions in post-blast explosive residues using portable CE instrumentation and capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:4593-602. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
15
|
Prest JE, Beardah MS, Baldock SJ, Doyle SP, Fielden PR, Goddard NJ, Brown BJT. Determination of chlorine containing species in explosive residues using chip-based isotachophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1195:157-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
16
|
Hutchinson JP, Evenhuis CJ, Johns C, Kazarian AA, Breadmore MC, Macka M, Hilder EF, Guijt RM, Dicinoski GW, Haddad PR. Identification of inorganic improvised explosive devices by analysis of postblast residues using portable capillary electrophoresis instrumentation and indirect photometric detection with a light-emitting diode. Anal Chem 2007; 79:7005-13. [PMID: 17705451 DOI: 10.1021/ac0708792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A commercial portable capillary electrophoresis (CE) instrument has been used to separate inorganic anions and cations found in postblast residues from improvised explosive devices (IEDs) of the type used frequently in terrorism attacks. The purpose of this analysis was to identify the type of explosive used. The CE instrument was modified for use with an in-house miniaturized light-emitting diode (LED) detector to enable sensitive indirect photometric detection to be employed for the detection of 15 anions (acetate, benzoate, carbonate, chlorate, chloride, chlorite, cyanate, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, perchlorate, phosphate, sulfate, thiocyanate, thiosulfate) and 12 cations (ammonium, monomethylammonium, ethylammonium, potassium, sodium, barium, strontium, magnesium, manganese, calcium, zinc, lead) as the target analytes. These ions are known to be present in postblast residues from inorganic IEDs constructed from ammonium nitrate/fuel oil mixtures, black powder, and chlorate/perchlorate/sugar mixtures. For the analysis of cations, a blue LED (470 nm) was used in conjunction with the highly absorbing cationic dye, chrysoidine (absorption maximum at 453 nm). A nonaqueous background electrolyte comprising 10 mM chrysoidine in methanol was found to give greatly improved baseline stability in comparison to aqueous electrolytes due to the increased solubility of chrysoidine and its decreased adsorption onto the capillary wall. Glacial acetic acid (0.7% v/v) was added to ensure chrysoidine was protonated and to enhance separation selectivity by means of complexation with transition metal ions. The 12 target cations were separated in less than 9.5 min with detection limits of 0.11-2.30 mg/L (calculated at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3). The anions separation system utilized a UV LED (370 nm) in conjunction with an aqueous chromate electrolyte (absorption maximum at 371 nm) consisting of 10 mM chromium(VI) oxide and 10 mM sodium chromate, buffered with 40 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane at pH 8.05. All 15 target anions were baseline separated in less than 9 min with limits of detection ranging from 0.24 to 1.15 mg/L (calculated at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3). Use of the portable instrumentation in the field was demonstrated by analyzing postblast residues in a mobile laboratory immediately after detonation of the explosive devices. Profiling the ionic composition of the inorganic IEDs allowed identification of the chemicals used in their construction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Hutchinson
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Weekley BS, Foley JP. Dual-opposite-injection CZE: Theoretical aspects and application to organic and pharmaceutical compounds. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:697-711. [PMID: 17253631 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Several important figures of merit (migration time, efficiency, resolution, resolution per unit time, and electrophoretic selectivity) are quantitatively compared for the first time for conventional CZE and dual-opposite-injection CZE (DOI-CZE). Aspects of DOI-CZE relevant to the separation of organic and pharmaceutical ions (MW>120 Da) are also discussed. Two new approaches to resolve the codetection of anions and cations, hydrodynamic flow-modified DOI-CZE and polarity reversal in combination with asymmetric detector window positioning, are compared with the method of preliminary transport, a variable procedure within sequential sample introduction, using a six-component sample of organic and pharmaceutical compounds. The advantages of DOI-CZE for the simultaneous analysis of organic/pharmaceutical anions and cations are illustrated in a direct comparison of conventional CZE and DOI-CZE for the separation of a ten-component mixture of pharmaceutical ions (five ionized acids and five ionized bases).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Weekley
- Analytical R&D, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pumera M. Analysis of explosives via microchip electrophoresis and conventional capillary electrophoresis: a review. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:244-56. [PMID: 16307431 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The upsurge in terrorist activity has generated tremendous demand for innovative tools capable of detecting major industrial, military, and home-made (improvised) explosives. Fast, sensitive, and reliable detection of explosives in the field is a very important issue in nowadays. CE, especially in its miniaturized format (lab-on-a-chip), offers great possibilities to create portable, field deployable, rapidly responding, and potentially disposable devices, allowing security forces to make the important decisions regarding the safety of civilians. This article overviews the microchip and conventional capillary electrophoretic techniques for analysis of a wide variety of explosive compounds and mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pumera
- Group of Sensors and Biosensors, Departament of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gillette R, Doyle JM, Miller ML, Montgomery MA, Mushrush GW. Capillary electrophoresis screening of poisonous anions extracted from biological samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 831:190-5. [PMID: 16406748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2004] [Revised: 12/22/2004] [Accepted: 12/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A method was developed for screening human biological samples for poisonous anions using capillary electrophoresis (CE) employing indirect UV detection. The run buffer consisted of 2.25 mM pyromellitic acid, 1.6 mM triethanolamine, 0.75 mM hexamethonium hydroxide and 6.5mM NaOH at pH 7.7. Biological samples were pretreated using solid phase extraction. The method was applied to the analysis of human blood, plasma, urine, and intestinal contents. Twenty-nine different anions were detectable at aqueous concentrations of 1 part per million (ppm) with a typical analysis time less than 20 min. Intraday migration time R.S.D. and peak area R.S.D. for blood samples were less than 1.1% and 6.3%, respectively. Interday migration time R.S.D. for plasma samples ranged from 7.5% to 10.4%. The new method produced efficient separations of various target anions extracted from complex biological matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Gillette
- Department of Chemistry, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Willauer HD, Collins GE. Analysis of inorganic and small organic ions with the capillary electrophoresis microchip. Electrophoresis 2003; 24:2193-2207. [PMID: 12858393 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200305435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis microchip devices are receiving considerable attention due to their versatility, portability, and sample handling capabilities. This article is a comprehensive review of the analysis of inorganic and small, charged organic species on microchip platforms. The application of conductivity, amperometry, laser-induced fluorescence, absorbance, and chemiluminescence detection methods are discussed. The potential utilization of these devices for miniaturized analytical systems is described.
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhao X, Yinon J. Forensic identification of explosive oxidizers by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2002; 16:1137-1146. [PMID: 12112263 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The mass spectrometry of a group of inorganic oxidizers was studied using the electrospray ionization technique. It was found that a series of cluster ions were predominant in both positive- and negative-ion mode, allowing for the characterization of the investigated oxidizers. The identity of the recorded cluster ions was further confirmed by using some isotopically labeled compounds and tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation. The use of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for positive identification of major oxidizer components in explosive formulations was demonstrated by three samples of forensic interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhao
- National Center for Forensic Science, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162367, Orlando, FL 32816-2367, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Thormann W, Lurie IS, McCord B, Marti U, Cenni B, Malik N. Advances ofcapillary electrophoresis in clinical and forensic analysis (1999-2000). Electrophoresis 2001; 22:4216-43. [PMID: 11824639 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200111)22:19<4216::aid-elps4216>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, capillary electrophoresis in clinical and forensic analysis is reviewed on the basis of the literature of 1999, 2000 and the first papers in 2001. An overview of progress relevant examples for each major field of application, namely (i) analysis of drug seizures, explosives residues, gunshot residues and inks, (ii) monitoring of drugs, endogenous small molecules and ions in biofluids and tissues, (iii) general screening for serum proteins and analysis of specific proteins (carbohydrate deficient transferrin, alpha1-antitrypsin, lipoproteins and hemoglobins) in biological fluids, and (iv) analysis of nucleic acids and oligonucleotides in biological samples, including oligonucleotide therapeutics, are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Thormann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bern, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Urbansky ET. Quantitation of Perchlorate Ion: Practices and Advances Applied to the Analysis of Common Matrices. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340008984163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
24
|
Affiliation(s)
- T A Brettell
- Forensic Science Bureau, New Jersey State Police, West Trenton 08625, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
|