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Xu C, Zhang M, Zhang S, Wang P, Lai C, Meng D, Chen Z, Yi X, Gao X. Simultaneous determination of choline, L-carnitine, betaine, trimethylamine, trimethylamine N-oxide, and creatinine in plasma, liver, and feces of hyperlipidemic rats by UHPLC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1243:124210. [PMID: 38936270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the close correlation between choline, L-carnitine, betaine and their intestinal microbial metabolites, including trimethylamine (TMA) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and creatinine, there has been an increasing interest in the study of these compounds in vivo. METHODS In this study, a rapid stable isotope dilution (SID)-UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the simultaneous determination of choline, L-carnitine, betaine, TMA, TMAO and creatinine in plasma, liver and feces of rats. The method was validated using quality control (QC) samples spiked at low, medium and high levels. Second, we applied the method to quantify the effects of Rosa Roxburghii Tratt juice (RRTJ) on plasma, liver, and fecal levels of choline, L-carnitine, betaine, TMA, TMAO, and creatinine in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats, demonstrating the utility of the method. RESULTS The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.04-0.027 µM and the limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.009-0.094 µM. The linear ranges for each metabolite in plasma were choline1.50-96 µM; L-carnitine: 2-128 µM; betaine: 3-192 µM; TMA: 0.01-40.96 µM; TMAO: 0.06-61.44 µM and creatinine: 1-64 µM (R2 ≥ 0.9954). The linear ranges for each metabolite in liver were Choline: 12-768 µM; L-carnitine: 1.5-96 µM; betaine: 10-640 µM; TMA: 0.5-32 µM; TMAO: 0.02-81.92 µM and creatinine: 0.2-204.8 µM (R2 ≥ 0.9938). The linear ranges for each metabolite in feces were choline: 1.5-96 µM; L-carnitine: 0.01-40.96 µM; Betaine: 1.5-96 µM; TMA: 1-64 µM; TMAO: 0.02-81.92 µM and Creatinine: 0.02-81.92 µM (R2 ≥ 0.998). The intra-day and inter-day coefficients of variation were < 8 % for all analytes. The samples were stabilized after multiple freeze-thaw cycles (3 freeze-thaw cycles), 24 h at room temperature, 24 h at 4 °C and 20 days at -80 °C. The samples were stable. The average recovery was 89 %-99 %. This method was used to quantify TMAO and its related metabolites and creatinine levels in hyperlipidemic rats. The results showed that high-fat diet led to the disorder of TMAO and its related metabolites and creatinine in rats, which was effectively improved after the intervention of Rosa Roxburghii Tratt juice(RRTJ). CONCLUSIONS A method for the determination of choline, L-carnitine, betaine, TMA, TMAO and creatinine in plasma, liver and feces samples was established, which is simple, time-saving, high precision, accuracy and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants and School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Center of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants and School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Experimental Animal Center of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Pengjiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants and School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chencen Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants and School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Center of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Duo Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants and School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Center of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhiyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants and School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Center of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xinxin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants and School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Center of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiuli Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants and School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Center of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Shkhair AI, Madanan AS, Varghese S, Abraham MK, Indongo G, Rajeevan G, K AB, Abbas SM, George S. Mo(IV) Ion-Modulated BSA-Protected Gold Nanocluster Probe for Fluorescence Turn-On Detection of Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO). ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:3460-3468. [PMID: 38703374 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a molecule produced by the microbiota, has been associated with human health and illness. Its early discovery in body fluids may affect our understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of many illnesses. Therefore, our knowledge of the pathophysiology and diagnostics of disorders associated with TMAO might be enhanced by the creation of dependable and fast methods for TMAO detection. Therefore, we developed a fluorescent probe for detecting TMAO utilizing an on-off-on strategy. Bovine serum albumin (BSA)@AuNCs luminescence is effectively quenched by Mo4+ because BSA@AuNCs and Mo4+ have a strong binding relationship. Mo4+ ions can substantially decrease the emission intensity of gold nanoclusters by establishing a BSA@AuNCs-Mo system. Then, the luminescence of BSA@AuNCs was restored due to the interaction between Mo4+ and TMAO. A significant linear relationship was seen between the emission intensity and TMAO concentration within the 0-201 μM range, with a detection limit of 1.532 μM. Additionally, the method can measure TMAO in blood and urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ibrahim Shkhair
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram695581, Kerala, India
- College of Food Science, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon 51013, Iraq
| | - Anju S Madanan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram695581, Kerala, India
| | - Susan Varghese
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram695581, Kerala, India
| | - Merin K Abraham
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram695581, Kerala, India
| | - Geneva Indongo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram695581, Kerala, India
| | - Greeshma Rajeevan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram695581, Kerala, India
| | - Arathy B K
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram695581, Kerala, India
| | - Sara Muneer Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram695581, Kerala, India
- College of Food Science, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon 51013, Iraq
| | - Sony George
- Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695581, Kerala, India
- Coordinator, International Inter-University Centre for Sensing and Imaging (IIUCSI), Department of Chemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695581, Kerala, India
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Two-component carnitine monooxygenase from Escherichia coli: Functional characterization, Inhibition and mutagenesis of the molecular interface. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231753. [PMID: 36066069 PMCID: PMC9508527 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20221102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbial production of trimethylamine (TMA) from l-carnitine is directly linked to cardiovascular disease. TMA formation is facilitated by carnitine monooxygenase, which was proposed as a target for the development of new cardioprotective compounds. Therefore, the molecular understanding of the two-component Rieske-type enzyme from Escherichia coli was intended. The redox cofactors of the reductase YeaX (FMN, plant-type [2Fe-2S] cluster) and of the oxygenase YeaW (Rieske-type [2Fe-2S] and mononuclear [Fe] center) were identified. Compounds meldonium and the garlic-derived molecule allicin were recently shown to suppress microbiota-dependent TMA formation. Based on two independent carnitine monooxygenase activity assays, enzyme inhibition by meldonium or allicin was demonstrated. Subsequently, the molecular interplay of the reductase YeaX and the oxygenase YeaW was addressed. Chimeric carnitine monooxygenase activity was efficiently reconstituted by combining YeaX (or YeaW) with the orthologous oxygenase CntA (or reductase CntB) from Acinetobacter baumannii. Partial conservation of the reductase/oxygenase docking interface was concluded. A structure guided mutagenesis approach was used to further investigate the interaction and electron transfer between YeaX and YeaW. Based on AlphaFold structure predictions, a total of 28 site-directed variants of YeaX and YeaW were kinetically analyzed. Functional relevance of YeaX residues Arg271, Lys313 and Asp320 was concluded. Concerning YeaW, a docking surface centered around residues Arg83, Lys104 and Lys117 was hypothesized. The presented results might contribute to the development of TMA-lowering strategies that could reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Zixin Y, Lulu C, Xiangchang Z, Qing F, Binjie Z, Chunyang L, Tai R, Dongsheng O. TMAO as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for chronic kidney disease: A review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:929262. [PMID: 36034781 PMCID: PMC9411716 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.929262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota and its metabolites have become a hotspot of recent research. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) metabolized by the gut microbiota is closely related to many diseases such as cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, etc. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality from non-communicable diseases. Recently, increasing focus has been put on the role of TMAO in the development and progress of chronic kidney disease. The level of TMAO in patients with chronic kidney disease is significantly increased, and a high level of TMAO deteriorates chronic kidney disease. This article describes the relationship between TMAO and chronic kidney disease and the research progress of drugs targeted TMAO, providing a reference for the development of anti-chronic kidney disease drugs targeted TMAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zixin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Chen Lulu
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Zeng Xiangchang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Qing
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Binjie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Luo Chunyang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Luo Chunyang, ; Rao Tai, ; Ouyang Dongsheng,
| | - Rao Tai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Luo Chunyang, ; Rao Tai, ; Ouyang Dongsheng,
| | - Ouyang Dongsheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Luo Chunyang, ; Rao Tai, ; Ouyang Dongsheng,
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Cavanaugh SM, Cavanaugh RP, Streeter R, Vieira AB, Gilbert GE, Ketzis JK. Commercial Extruded Plant-Based Diet Lowers Circulating Levels of Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Precursors in Healthy Dogs: A Pilot Study. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:936092. [PMID: 35873695 PMCID: PMC9300970 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.936092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevations in circulating trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursors are observed in humans and dogs with heart failure and are associated with adverse outcomes in people. Dietary intervention that reduces or excludes animal ingredients results in rapid reduction of plasma TMAO and TMAO precursors in people, but the impact of diet in dogs has not been studied. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of diet on plasma TMAO and 2 of its precursors (choline and betaine) in dogs fed a commercial extruded plant-based diet (PBD) or a commercial extruded traditional diet (TD) containing animal and plant ingredients. Sixteen healthy adult mixed breed dogs from a university colony were enrolled in a randomized, 2-treatment, 2-period crossover weight-maintenance study. Mean (SD) age and body weight of the dogs were 2.9 years (± 1.7) and 14.5 kg (± 4.0), respectively. Eight dogs were female (3 intact, 5 spayed) and 8 dogs were male (4 intact, 4 castrated). Plasma choline, betaine and TMAO were quantified by LC-SID-MRM/MS at baseline, and after 4 weeks on each diet. Choline and betaine were also quantified in the diets. Plasma choline levels were significantly lower (P = 0.002) in dogs consuming a PBD (Mean ± SD, 6.8 μM ± 1.2 μM) compared to a TD (Mean ± SD, 7.8 μM ± 1.6 μM). Plasma betaine levels were also significantly lower (P = 0.03) in dogs consuming a PBD (Mean ± SD, 109.1 μM ± 25.3 μM) compared to a TD (Mean ± SD, 132.4 μM ± 32.5 μM). No difference (P = 0.71) in plasma TMAO was detected in dogs consuming a PBD (Median, IQR, 2.4 μM, 2.1 μM) compared to a TD (Median, IQR, 2.3 μM, 1.1 μM). Betaine content was lower in the PBD than in the TD while choline content was similar in the diets. Our findings indicate consumption of a commercial extruded PBD for 4 weeks reduces circulating levels of the TMAO precursors choline and betaine, but not TMAO, in healthy adult dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Cavanaugh
- Center for Integrative Mammalian Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
- *Correspondence: Sarah M. Cavanaugh
| | - Ryan P. Cavanaugh
- Center for Integrative Mammalian Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | | | - Aline B. Vieira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | | | - Jennifer K. Ketzis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
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Loo RL, Chan Q, Nicholson JK, Holmes E. Balancing the Equation: A Natural History of Trimethylamine and Trimethylamine- N-oxide. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:560-589. [PMID: 35142516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Trimethylamine (TMA) and its N-oxide (TMAO) are ubiquitous in prokaryote and eukaryote organisms as well as in the environment, reflecting their fundamental importance in evolutionary biology, and their diverse biochemical functions. Both metabolites have multiple biological roles including cell-signaling. Much attention has focused on the significance of serum and urinary TMAO in cardiovascular disease risk, yet this is only one of the many facets of a deeper TMA-TMAO partnership that reflects the significance of these metabolites in multiple biological processes spanning animals, plants, bacteria, and fungi. We report on analytical methods for measuring TMA and TMAO and attempt to critically synthesize and map the global functions of TMA and TMAO in a systems biology framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruey Leng Loo
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,The Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Queenie Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom.,MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,The Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, Level 1, Faculty Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,The Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,Nutrition Research, Department of Metabolism, Nutrition and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Su H, Yuan P, Lei H, Zhang L, Deng D, Zhang L, Chen X. Long-term chronic exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate induces obesity via disruption of host lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132414. [PMID: 34600010 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous epidemiological findings have shown that di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP), one of industrial plasticizers with endocrine-disrupting properties, positively contributes to high incidence of obesity. However, potential pathogenesis of dietary DEHP exposure-induced obesity remains largely unknown. METHODS Chronic DEHP exposure at different doses (0.05 and 5 mg/kg body weight) to mice had been continuously lasted for 14 weeks through the diet. A combination of targeted quantitative metabolomics (LC/GC-MS) with global 1H NMR-based metabolic profiling to explore the effects of dietary DEHP exposure with different doses on host lipid metabolism of mice. Metagenomics (16S rRNA gene sequencing) was also employed to examine the alterations of gut microbiota composition in the cecal contents of mice after dietary DEHP exposure. RESULTS Dietary exposure to DEHP at both doses induced weight gain and hepatic lipogenesis of mice by promoting the uptake of fatty acids and disrupting phospholipids and choline metabolism. Dietary DEHP exposure altered the gut microbiota community with disruption of intestinal morphology and reduction of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in the cecal contents of mice. Furthermore, DEHP exposure activated gut microbiota fermentation process producing excess short chain fatty acids of mice. CONCLUSION These findings provide systematic evidence that long-term chronic DEHP exposure induces obesity through disruption of host lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in mice, which not only confirm the epidemiological results, but also expand our understanding of metabolic diseases caused by environmental pollutants exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henghai Su
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Peihong Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hehua Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Dazhi Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
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Calderón-Pérez L, Suárez-García S, Pedret A, Suárez M, Llauradó E, Rubió L, Del Bas JM, Caimari A, Puiggrós F, Arola L, Solà R, Valls RM. Serum lysophospholipidome of dietary origin as a suitable susceptibility/risk biomarker of human hypercholesterolemia: A cross-sectional study. Clin Nutr 2021; 41:489-499. [PMID: 35007817 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Whether bioactive lysophospholipids (lyso-PLs) and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) serve as non-invasive biomarkers in early human hypercholesterolemia (HC) is unknown. This study aimed to assess whether serum lyso-PLs and plasma TMAO may be suitable susceptibility/risk biomarkers of HC in humans. Secondarily, we aimed to evaluate the relationships between targeted metabolites, diet composition and circulating liver transaminases, and verify these results in hamsters. METHODS A targeted metabolomics and lipidomics approach determined plasma TMAO and serum lysophosphatidylcholines (lyso-PCs) and lysophosphatidylethanolamines (lyso-PEs) in low (L-LDL-c) and moderate to high (MH-LDL-c) LDL-cholesterol subjects. Additionally, the relationships between targeted metabolites, liver transaminases and diet, particularly fatty acid intake, were tested. In parallel, plasma and liver lyso-PL profiles were studied in 16 hamsters fed a moderate high-fat (HFD) or low-fat (LFD) diet for 30 days. RESULTS Predictive models identified lyso-PC15:0 and lyso-PE18:2 as the most discriminant lyso-PLs among groups. In MH-LDL-c (n = 48), LDL-cholesterol and saturated FAs were positively associated with lyso-PC15:0, whereas in L-LDL-c (n = 70), LDL-cholesterol and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were negatively and positively related to lyso-PE18:2, respectively. Interestingly, in MH-LDL-c, the lower lyso-PE 18:2 concentrations were indicative of higher LDL-cholesterol levels. Intrahepatic accumulation of lyso-PLs-containing essential n-6 PUFAs, including lyso-PE18:2, were higher in HFD-fed hamsters than LFD-fed hamsters. CONCLUSIONS Overall, results revealed a possible hepatic adaptive mechanism to counteract diet-induced steatosis in animal and hypercholesterolemia progression in humans. In particular, low serum lyso-PE18:2 suggests a suitable susceptibility/risk biomarker of HC in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Calderón-Pérez
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Reus, Spain
| | - Susana Suárez-García
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Spain
| | - Anna Pedret
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Reus, Spain.
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Spain.
| | - Elisabet Llauradó
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Reus, Spain
| | - Laura Rubió
- Food Technology Department, XaRTA-TPV, Agrotecnio Center, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària, University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep M Del Bas
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
| | - Francesc Puiggrós
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Reus, Spain; Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa M Valls
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Reus, Spain
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Rapid Detection of Gut Microbial Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide for Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11090339. [PMID: 34562929 PMCID: PMC8469701 DOI: 10.3390/bios11090339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a critical role in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypertension. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and trimethylamine (TMA) are gut microbiota-derived metabolites, and both are known uraemic toxins that are implicated in CKD, atherosclerosis, colorectal cancer and cardiovascular risk. Therefore, the detection and quantification of TMAO, which is a metabolite from gut microbes, are important for the diagnosis of diseases such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis and colorectal cancer. In this study, a new “colour-switch” method that is based on the combination of a plasma separation pad/absorption pad and polyallylamine hydrochloride-capped manganese dioxide (PAH@MnO2) nanozyme was developed for the direct quantitative detection of TMAO in whole blood without blood sample pretreatment. As a proof of concept, a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of less than 6.7 μM for TMAO was obtained with a wide linear quantification range from 15.6 to 500 μM through quantitative analysis, thereby suggesting potential clinical applications in blood TMAO monitoring for CKD patients.
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10
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Veyrat-Durebex C, Benz-de-Bretagne I, Clavier V, Bruno C, Andres CR, Antar C, Hennart B, Maillot F, Nadal-Desbarats L, Blasco H. Quality consideration for the validation of urine TMA and TMAO measurement by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in Fish Odor Syndrome. Anal Biochem 2021; 630:114330. [PMID: 34364856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Trimethylaminuria, also known as Fish Odor Syndrome (FOS), is a condition characterized by the presence of high concentrations of trimethylamine (TMA) in urine, sweat and expired air of affected patients. Diagnosis of this benign but unpleasant disease is mainly based on clinical presentation and assessment of TMA and its metabolite, TMAO (trimethylamine-N-oxide), concentrations in urine of patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS We here described the validation of an analytical method for measurement of TMA and TMAO in urine using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) according to the specifications of the ISO 15189 norm. We used a fast validation protocol, based exactitude profile method, enabling to determine accuracy, intra and inter-day precision from a limited number of samples. RESULTS The linearity was established from 2.5 to 100 mg/L for TMA measurement and from 10 to 1000 mg/L for TMAO measurement, with good analytical performances i.e. accuracy, intra and inter-day precision. We also report a case diagnose for FOS from this method. CONCLUSIONS This method validation ensures the robustness of NMR in routine use for diagnosis of trimethylaminuria, as part of the reference center for inherited metabolic diseases at the Tours hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Veyrat-Durebex
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; Unité INSERM U 1253, Université de Tours, Tours, France.
| | - Isabelle Benz-de-Bretagne
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; Unité INSERM U 1253, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Victoria Clavier
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Clément Bruno
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; Unité INSERM U 1253, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Christian R Andres
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; Unité INSERM U 1253, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Catherine Antar
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; Unité INSERM U 1253, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | | | | | - Hélène Blasco
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; Unité INSERM U 1253, Université de Tours, Tours, France.
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11
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Hefni ME, Bergström M, Lennqvist T, Fagerström C, Witthöft CM. Simultaneous quantification of trimethylamine N-oxide, trimethylamine, choline, betaine, creatinine, and propionyl-, acetyl-, and L-carnitine in clinical and food samples using HILIC-LC-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5349-5360. [PMID: 34258650 PMCID: PMC8405501 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03509-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a microbiome-derived metabolite from the metabolism of choline, betaine, and carnitines, is associated to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. A method suitable for routine quantification of TMAO and its precursors (trimethylamine (TMA), choline, betaine, creatinine, and propionyl-, acetyl-, and l-carnitine) in clinical and food samples has been developed based on LC-MS. TMA was successfully derivatized using iodoacetonitrile, and no cross-reactions with TMAO or the other methylamines were detected. Extraction from clinical samples (plasma and urine) was performed after protein precipitation using acetonitrile:methanol. For food samples (meatballs and eggs), water extraction was shown to be sufficient, but acid hydrolysis was required to release bound choline before extraction. Baseline separation of the methylamines was achieved using a neutral HILIC column and a mobile phase consisting of 25 mmol/L ammonium formate in water:ACN (30:70). Quantification was performed by MS using external calibration and isotopic labelled internal standards. The assay proved suitable for both clinical and food samples and was linear from ≈ 0.1 up to 200 μmol/L for all methylamines except for TMA and TMAO, which were linear up to 100 μmol/L. Recoveries were 91–107% in clinical samples and 76–98% in food samples. The interday (n=8, four duplicate analysis) CVs were below 9% for all metabolites in clinical and food samples. The method was applied successfully to determine the methylamine concentrations in plasma and urine from the subjects participating in an intervention trial (n=10) to determine the effect of animal food ingestion on methylamine concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed E Hefni
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, 392 31, Kalmar, Sweden.
- Food Industries Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, P.O. Box 46, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Maria Bergström
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, 392 31, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Lennqvist
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, 392 31, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Fagerström
- Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Linnaeus University, 392 31, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Cornelia M Witthöft
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, 392 31, Kalmar, Sweden
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12
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Horita DA, Hwang S, Stegall JM, Friday WB, Kirchner DR, Zeisel SH. Two methods for assessment of choline status in a randomized crossover study with varying dietary choline intake in people: isotope dilution MS of plasma and in vivo single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy of liver. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:1670-1678. [PMID: 33668062 PMCID: PMC8168360 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choline deficiency has numerous negative health consequences; although the preponderance of the US population consumes less than the recommended Adequate Intake (AI), clinical assessment of choline status is difficult. Further, several pathways involved in primary metabolism of choline are estrogen-sensitive and the AI for premenopausal women is lower than that for men. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of liver and/or isotope-dilution MS of plasma could identify biomarkers reflective of choline intake (preregistered primary outcomes 1 and 2, secondary outcome 1). Determination of whether biomarker concentrations showed sex dependence was a post hoc outcome. This substudy is a component of a larger project to identify a clinically useful biomarker panel for assessment of choline status. METHODS In a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial, people consumed 3 diets, representative of ∼100%, ∼50%, and ∼25% of the choline AI, for 2-wk periods. We measured the concentrations of choline and several metabolites using 1H single-voxel MRS of liver in vivo and using 2H-labeled isotope dilution MS of several choline metabolites in extracted plasma. RESULTS Plasma concentrations of 2H9-choline, unlabeled betaine, and 2H9-betaine, and the isotopic enrichment ratio (IER) of betaine showed highly significant between-diet effects (q < 0.0001), with unlabeled betaine concentration decreasing 32% from highest to lowest choline intake. Phosphatidylcholine IER was marginally significant (q = 0.03). Unlabeled phosphatidylcholine plasma concentrations did not show between-diet effects (q = 0.34). 2H9 (trimethyl)-phosphatidylcholine plasma concentrations (q = 0.07) and MRS-measured total soluble choline species liver concentrations (q = 0.07) showed evidence of between-diet effects but this was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Although MRS is a more direct measure of choline status, variable spectral quality limited interpretation. MS analysis of plasma showed clear correlation of plasma betaine concentration, but not plasma phosphatidylcholine concentration, with dietary choline intake. Plasma betaine concentrations also correlate with sex status (premenopausal women, postmenopausal women, men).This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03726671.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Horita
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Sunil Hwang
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Julie M Stegall
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Walter B Friday
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - David R Kirchner
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Steven H Zeisel
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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13
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Chen S, Jiang PP, Yu D, Liao GC, Wu SL, Fang AP, Chen PY, Wang XY, Luo Y, Long JA, Zhong RH, Liu ZY, Li CL, Zhang DM, Zhu HL. Effects of probiotic supplementation on serum trimethylamine-N-oxide level and gut microbiota composition in young males: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:747-758. [PMID: 32440731 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore whether probiotic supplementation could attenuate serum trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) level and impact the intestinal microbiome composition. DESIGN Forty healthy males (20-25 years old) were randomized into the probiotic group (1.32 × 1011 CFU live bacteria including strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bifidobacterium animalis, and Bifidobacterium longum daily) or the control group for 4 weeks. All participants underwent a phosphatidylcholine challenge test (PCCT) before and after the intervention. Serum TMAO and its precursors (TMA, choline and betaine) were measured by UPLC-MS/MS. The faecal microbiome was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS Serum TMAO and its precursors were markedly increased after the PCCT. No statistical differences were observed in the probiotic and the control group in area under the curve (AUC) (14.79 ± 0.97 μmol/L 8 h vs. 19.17 ± 2.55 μmol/L 8 h, P = 0.106) and the pre- to post-intervention AUC alterations (∆AUC) (- 6.33 ± 2.00 μmol/L 8 h vs. - 0.73 ± 3.04 μmol/L 8 h, P = 0.131) of TMAO; however, higher proportion of participants in probiotic group showed their TMAO decrease after the intervention (78.9% vs. 45.0%, P = 0.029). The abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (P = 0.043) and Prevotella (P = 0.001) in the probiotic group was significantly increased after the intervention but without obvious differences in α- and β-diversity. CONCLUSIONS The current probiotic supplementation resulted in detectable change of intestinal microbiome composition but failed to attenuate the serum TMAO elevation after PCCT. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER NCT03292978. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV WEBSITE: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03292978 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ping-Ping Jiang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Danxia Yu
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Gong-Cheng Liao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shang-Ling Wu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ai-Ping Fang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Pei-Yan Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jing-An Long
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Rong-Huan Zhong
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhao-Yan Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chun-Lei Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Dao-Ming Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hui-Lian Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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14
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Applying mass spectrometry-based assays to explore gut microbial metabolism and associations with disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 58:719-732. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe workings of the gut microbiome have gained increasing interest in recent years through the mounting evidence that the microbiota plays an influential role in human health and disease. A principal focus of this research seeks to further understand the production of metabolic by-products produced by bacteria resident in the gut, and the subsequent interaction of these metabolites on host physiology and pathophysiology of disease. Gut bacterial metabolites of interest are predominately formed via metabolic breakdown of dietary compounds including choline and ʟ-carnitine (trimethylamine N-oxide), amino acids (phenol- and indole-containing uremic toxins) and non-digestible dietary fibers (short-chain fatty acids). Investigations have been accelerated through the application of mass spectrometry (MS)-based assays to quantitatively assess the concentration of these metabolites in laboratory- and animal-based experiments, as well as for direct circulating measurements in clinical research populations. This review seeks to explore the impact of these metabolites on disease, as well as to introduce the application of MS for those less accustomed to its use as a clinical tool, highlighting pertinent research related to its use for measurements of gut bacteria-mediated metabolites to further understand their associations with disease.
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15
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Simultaneous Measurement of Urinary Trimethylamine (TMA) and Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081862. [PMID: 32316639 PMCID: PMC7222018 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine (TMA) is a gut microbial metabolite—rendered by the enzymatic cleavage of nutrients containing a TMA moiety in their chemical structure. TMA can be oxidized as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) catalyzed by hepatic flavin monooxygenases. Circulating TMAO has been demonstrated to portend a pro-inflammatory state, contributing to chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. Consequently, TMAO serves as an excellent candidate biomarker for a variety of chronic inflammatory disorders. The highly positive correlation between plasma TMAO and urine TMAO suggests that urine TMAO has the potential to serve as a less invasive biomarker for chronic disease compared to plasma TMAO. In this study, we validated a method to simultaneously measure urine TMA and TMAO concentrations by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Urine TMA and TMAO can be extracted by hexane/butanol under alkaline pH and transferred to the aqueous phase following acidification for LC/MS quantitation. Importantly, during sample processing, none of the nutrients with a chemical structure containing a TMA moiety were spontaneously cleaved to yield TMA. Moreover, we demonstrated that the acidification of urine prevents an increase of TMA after prolonged storage as was observed in non-acidified urine. Finally, here we demonstrated that TMAO can spontaneously degrade to TMA at a very slow rate.
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16
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Roggensack T, Merz B, Dick N, Bub A, Krüger R. Targeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric quantification of methylated amines and selected amino acids in biofluids. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8646. [PMID: 31674086 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Methylated amino compounds and basic amino acids are important analyte classes with high relevance in nutrition, physical activity and physiology. Reliable and easy quantification methods covering a variety of metabolites in body fluids are a prerequisite for efficient investigations in the field of food and nutrition. METHODS Targeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric (UHPLC/MS) analysis was performed using HILIC separation and timed ESI-MRM detection, combined with a short sample preparation. Calibration in urine and blood plasma was achieved by matrix-matched standards, isotope-labelled internal standards and standard addition. The method was fully validated and the performance was evaluated using a subset from the Karlsruhe Metabolomics and Nutrition (KarMeN) study. RESULTS Within this method, a total of 30 compounds could be quantified simultaneously in a short run of 9 min in both body fluids. This covers a variety of free amino compounds which are present in very different concentrations. The method is easy, precise and robust, and has a broad working range. As a proof of principle, literature-based associations of certain metabolites with dietary intake of respective foods were clearly confirmed in the KarMeN subset. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the method turned out to be well suited for application in nutrition studies, as shown for the example of food intake biomarkers in KarMeN. Application to a variety of questions such as food-related effects or physical activity will support future studies in the context of nutrition and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Roggensack
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Benedikt Merz
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Niels Dick
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Achim Bub
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ralf Krüger
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
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17
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Calderón-Pérez L, Gosalbes MJ, Yuste S, Valls RM, Pedret A, Llauradó E, Jimenez-Hernandez N, Artacho A, Pla-Pagà L, Companys J, Ludwig I, Romero MP, Rubió L, Solà R. Gut metagenomic and short chain fatty acids signature in hypertension: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6436. [PMID: 32296109 PMCID: PMC7160119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63475-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is an independent and preventable risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, however, little is known about the impact of gut microbiota composition in its development. We carried out comprehensive gut microbiota analysis and targeted metabolomics in a cross-sectional study of 29 non-treated hypertensive (HT) and 32 normotensive (NT) subjects. We determined fecal microbiota composition by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bacterial functions by metagenomic analysis. The microbial metabolites analysed were short chain fatty acids (SCFA) both in plasma and feces, and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in plasma. The overall bacterial composition and diversity of bacterial community in the two groups were not significantly different. However, Ruminococcaceae NK4A214, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010, Christensenellaceae_R-7, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia hominis were found to be significantly enriched in NT group, whereas, Bacteroides coprocola, Bacteroides plebeius and genera of Lachnospiraceae were increased in HT patients. We found a positive correlation between the HT-associated species and systolic and diastolic blood pressure after adjusted for measured confounders. SCFA showed antagonistic results in plasma and feces, detecting in HT subjects significant higher levels in feces and lower levels in plasma, which could indicate a less efficient SCFA absorption. Overall, our results present a disease classifier based on microbiota and bacterial metabolites to discriminate HT individuals from NT controls in a first disease grade prior to drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Calderón-Pérez
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), C/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Maria José Gosalbes
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Yuste
- Food Technology Department, XaRTA-TPV, Agrotecnio Center, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària, University of Lleida, Avda/Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rosa M Valls
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain.
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), C/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain.
| | - Anna Pedret
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), C/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Elisabet Llauradó
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), C/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Nuria Jimenez-Hernandez
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Artacho
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Pla-Pagà
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), C/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Judit Companys
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), C/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Iziar Ludwig
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
| | - Maria-Paz Romero
- Food Technology Department, XaRTA-TPV, Agrotecnio Center, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària, University of Lleida, Avda/Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laura Rubió
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), C/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain.
- Food Technology Department, XaRTA-TPV, Agrotecnio Center, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària, University of Lleida, Avda/Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Rosa Solà
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), C/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
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18
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Yuan P, Dong M, Lei H, Xu G, Chen G, Song Y, Ma J, Cheng L, Zhang L. Targeted metabolomics reveals that 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran exposure induces hepatic steatosis in male mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 259:113820. [PMID: 31918130 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF), one of typical persistent organic pollutants (POPs) produced from municipal waste combustion, exerts toxic effects on human healthy. In the current study, we mainly used targeted metabolomics combined with untargeted 1H NMR-based metabolomics to investigate the effects of TCDF exposure on lipid homeostasis in mice. We found that TCDF exposure induced hepatic lipogenesis, the early-stage of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, manifested by excessive lipids including triglycerides, fatty acids and lipotoxic ceramides accumulated in the liver together with elevated serum very low-density lipoprotein by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and its target genes such as Cyp1a1 and Cd36. We also found that TCDF exposure induced alteration of phospholipids and choline metabolites and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) markers in the liver of mice, indicating that disruption of host cell membrane structural integrity and ER stress leading to hepatic steatosis. In addition, complementary information was also obtained from histopathologic assessments and biological assays, strongly supporting toxic effects of TCDF. These results provide new evidence of TCDF toxicity associated with fatty liver disease and further our understanding of health effects of environmental pollutants exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihong Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Manyuan Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hehua Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Guangyong Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China; School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Gui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuchen Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianfeng Ma
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China; Wuhan National Research Center for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China.
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19
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Li Y, Wu L, Chen C, Wang L, Guo C, Zhao X, Zhao T, Wang X, Liu A, Yan Z. Serum Metabolic Profiling Reveals the Antidepressive Effects of the Total Iridoids of Valeriana jatamansi Jones on Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:338. [PMID: 32265710 PMCID: PMC7099651 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is a long-term complex psychiatric disorder, and its etiology remains largely unknown. Valeriana jatamansi Jones ex Roxb (V. jatamansi) is used in the clinic for the treatment of depression, but there are insufficient reports of its antidepressive mechanisms and a poor understanding of its endogenous substance-related metabolism. The objective of this study was to identify biomarkers related to depression in serum samples and evaluate the antidepressive effects of the iridoid-rich fraction of V. jatamansi (IRFV) in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mouse model. Methods Here, CUMS was used to establish a mouse model of depression. Behavioral and biochemical indicators were investigated to evaluate the pharmacodynamic effects. A comprehensive serum metabolomics study by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) approach was applied to investigate the pharmacological mechanism of IRFV in CUMS mouse. Subsequently, we used multivariate statistical analysis to identify metabolic markers, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structure with discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), to distinguish between the CUMS mouse and the control group. Results After IRFV treatment, the immobility time, sucrose preference, and monoamine neurotransmitter were improved. PCA scores showed clear differences in metabolism between the CUMS group and control group. The PLS-DA or OPLS-DA model exhibited 26 metabolites as biomarkers to distinguish between the CUMS mice and the control mouse. Moreover, IRFV could significantly return 21 metabolites to normal levels. Conclusion The results confirmed that IRFV exerted an antidepressive effect by regulating multiple metabolic pathways, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the synthesis of neurotransmitters, and amino acid metabolism. These findings provide insights into the antidepressive mechanisms of IRFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbiao Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiao Tong University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lanlan Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiao Tong University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liwen Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiao Tong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cong Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiao Tong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiao Tong University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - An Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Yan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiao Tong University, Chengdu, China
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20
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Wu Q, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Yang X. A faster and simpler UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of trimethylamine N-oxide, trimethylamine and dimethylamine in different types of biological samples. Food Funct 2020; 10:6484-6491. [PMID: 31532423 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00954j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota-dependent metabolites trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), trimethylamine (TMA) and dimethylamine (DMA) from dietary methylamines have recently gained much attention due to their high association with chronic kidney disease risk. Hence a simpler and faster performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated. The quantitative analysis was achieved within 6 min by using Agilent 6460C UPLC-MS/MS with 10% methyl alcohol isocratic elution and was more simple, convenient and rapid than that of previously reported methods. Furthermore, method verification results showed that the method correlation coefficient was 0.99978293, 0.99997514 and 0.98784721, and the detection limit was 0.121, 8.063 and 0.797 μg L-1, and the precision of the retention time and peak area of analytes was less than 0.331 and 3.280, respectively. The method was applied to simultaneously determine TMAO, TMA and DMA in the urine and serum from mice treated with normal, high l-carnitine, or high choline diet. Quantitative recoveries of TMAO, TMA and DMA were in the range of 94.2%-101.0%, and the RSD values were lower than 5.17%. The proposed UPLC-MS/MS-based assay should be of value for further evaluating TMAO as a risk marker and for examining the effect of dietary factors on TMAO metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Wu
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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21
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Protein Intake at Twice the RDA in Older Men Increases Circulatory Concentrations of the Microbiome Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO). Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092207. [PMID: 31547446 PMCID: PMC6770800 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher dietary protein intake is increasingly recommended for the elderly; however, high protein diets have also been linked to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a bacterial metabolite derived from choline and carnitine abundant from animal protein-rich foods. TMAO may be a novel biomarker for heightened CVD risk. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a high protein diet on TMAO. Healthy men (74.2 ± 3.6 years, n = 29) were randomised to consume the recommended dietary allowance of protein (RDA: 0.8 g protein/kg bodyweight/day) or twice the RDA (2RDA) as part of a supplied diet for 10 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected pre- and post-intervention for measurement of TMAO, blood lipids, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and inflammatory biomarkers. An oral glucose tolerance test was also performed. In comparison with RDA, the 2RDA diet increased circulatory TMAO (p = 0.002) but unexpectedly decreased renal excretion of TMAO (p = 0.003). LDL cholesterol was increased in 2RDA compared to RDA (p = 0.049), but no differences in other biomarkers of CVD risk and insulin sensitivity were evident between groups. In conclusion, circulatory TMAO is responsive to changes in dietary protein intake in older healthy males.
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22
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Fiori J, Turroni S, Candela M, Gotti R. Assessment of gut microbiota fecal metabolites by chromatographic targeted approaches. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 177:112867. [PMID: 31614303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota, the specific microbial community of the gastrointestinal tract, by means of the production of microbial metabolites provides the host with several functions affecting metabolic and immunological homeostasis. Insights into the intricate relationships between gut microbiota and the host require not only the understanding of its structure and function but also the measurement of effector molecules acting along the gut microbiota axis. This article reviews the literature on targeted chromatographic approaches in analysis of gut microbiota specific metabolites in feces as the most accessible biological matrix which can directly probe the connection between intestinal bacteria and the (patho)physiology of the holobiont. Together with a discussion on sample collection and preparation, the chromatographic methods targeted to determination of some classes of microbiota-derived metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, low molecular masses amines and polyamines, vitamins, neurotransmitters and related compounds) are discussed and their main characteristics, summarized in Tables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Fiori
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Gotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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23
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van der Laan T, Kloots T, Beekman M, Kindt A, Dubbelman AC, Harms A, van Duijn CM, Slagboom PE, Hankemeier T. Fast LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis and influence of sampling conditions for gut metabolites in plasma and serum. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12370. [PMID: 31451722 PMCID: PMC6710273 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48876-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, the gut microbiome has been shown to play an important role in various disorders including in particular cardiovascular diseases. Especially the metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), which is produced by gut microbial metabolism, has repeatedly been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular events. Here we report a fast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method that can analyze the five most important gut metabolites with regards to TMAO in three minutes. Fast liquid chromatography is unconventionally used in this method as an on-line cleanup step to remove the most important ion suppressors leaving the gut metabolites in a cleaned flow through fraction, also known as negative chromatography. We compared different blood matrix types to recommend best sampling practices and found citrated plasma samples demonstrated lower concentrations for all analytes and choline concentrations were significantly higher in serum samples. We demonstrated the applicability of our method by investigating the effect of a standardized liquid meal (SLM) after overnight fasting of 25 healthy individuals on the gut metabolite levels. The SLM did not significantly change the levels of gut metabolites in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom van der Laan
- Analytical Biosciences and Metabolomics, Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Kloots
- Analytical Biosciences and Metabolomics, Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
- BioMedical Metabolomics Facility Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Beekman
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Alida Kindt
- Analytical Biosciences and Metabolomics, Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Charlotte Dubbelman
- Analytical Biosciences and Metabolomics, Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Amy Harms
- Analytical Biosciences and Metabolomics, Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
- BioMedical Metabolomics Facility Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Analytical Biosciences and Metabolomics, Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands.
- BioMedical Metabolomics Facility Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands.
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24
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Yu H, Geng WC, Zheng Z, Gao J, Guo DS, Wang Y. Facile Fluorescence Monitoring of Gut Microbial Metabolite Trimethylamine N-oxide via Molecular Recognition of Guanidinium-Modified Calixarene. Theranostics 2019; 9:4624-4632. [PMID: 31367245 PMCID: PMC6643440 DOI: 10.7150/thno.33459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection and quantification of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite from gut microbial, is important for the disease diagnosis such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis and colorectal cancer. In this study, a novel method was established for the sensing and quantitative detection of TMAO via molecular recognition of guanidinium-modified calixarene from complex matrix. Methods: Various macrocycles were tested for their abilities to serve as an artificial TMAO receptor. Using the optimized receptor, we developed an indicator displacement assay (IDA) for the facile fluorescence detection of TMAO. The quantification of TMAO was accomplished by the established calibration line after excluding the interference from the various interfering substances in artificial urine. Results: Among various macrocycles, water-soluble guanidinium-modified calix[5]arene (GC5A), which binds TMAO in submicromolar-level, was identified as the optimal artificial receptor for TMAO. With the aid of the GC5A•Fl (fluorescein) reporter pair, TMAO fluorescence "switch-on" sensing was achieved by IDA. The fluorescence intensity increased linearly with the elevated TMAO concentration. The detection was not significantly interfered by the various interfering substances. TMAO concentration in artificial urine was quantified using a calibration line with a detection limit of 28.88 ± 1.59 µM, within the biologically relevant low µM range. Furthermore, the GC5A•Fl reporter pair was successfully applied in analyzing human urine samples, by which a significant difference in fluorescence response was observed between the [normal + TMAO] and normal group. Conclusion: The proposed supramolecular approach provides a facile, low-cost and sensitive method for TMAO detection, which shows promise for tracking TMAO excretion in urine and studying chronic disease progression in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wen-Chao Geng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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25
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Yuan Y, Jiang M, Zhang H, Liu J, Zhang M, Hu P. Simultaneous quantification of urinary purines and creatinine by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet spectroscopy and quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry: Method development, validation, and application to gout study. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:2523-2533. [PMID: 31144454 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of RheumatologyJiujiang First People's Hospital Jiujiang P. R. China
| | - Hongyang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug DesignSchool of PharmacyEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Ju Liu
- Department of RheumatologyJiujiang First People's Hospital Jiujiang P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug DesignSchool of PharmacyEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Ping Hu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai P. R. China
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26
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Annunziata G, Maisto M, Schisano C, Ciampaglia R, Narciso V, Hassan STS, Tenore GC, Novellino E. Effect of Grape Pomace Polyphenols With or Without Pectin on TMAO Serum Levels Assessed by LC/MS-Based Assay: A Preliminary Clinical Study on Overweight/Obese Subjects. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:575. [PMID: 31164827 PMCID: PMC6536651 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is recognized as a biomarker of increased cardiovascular risk. So far, the evaluation of TMAO serum levels in the clinical practice is limited due to the lack of developing new facile methods with reduced limitations. However, few approaches were achieved to determine TMAO in serum by using mass spectrometry-based technique, some limitations were reported including the use of internal standards. Therefore, in this work, a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) based-assay was developed to evaluate the effect of grape pomace extract (Taurisolo®, group A) or Taurisolo®+pectin (group B) on TMAO serum levels in a cohort of overweight/obese subjects. The serum levels of TMAO have been assessed before and after treatment, through LC/MS analysis. After 8-week treatment, in both intervention groups TMAO serum levels significantly decreased (-78.58% p = 0.006 and -76.76% p = 0.001, group A and group B, respectively). Moreover, we performed several analyses aimed to validate the LC/MS method we used. The method has high precision (% C.V = from 12.12 to 3.92% and from 8.25 to 1.07% for intraday and interday, respectively) and accuracy (% bias = from -5.52 to 0.5% and from -1.42 to 3.08% for intraday and interday, respectively). TMAO recoveries from serum ranged from 99 to 97%; LOD: 2 ng/ml and LOQ: 6 ng/ml. In conclusion, we demonstrated the efficacy of a novel nutraceutical formulation in reducing TMAO serum levels in high cardiovascular risk-subjects, and proposed a useful, versatile and rapid LC/MS method for identification and quantization of TMAO, without the use of marked/isotopic internal standards. It, thus, may represent a novel and practical method with applications in clinical practice and nutraceutical research. Clinical Trial Registration: This study is listed on the ISRCTN registry with ID ISRCTN10794277 (doi: 10.1186/ISRCTN10794277).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Maisto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Connie Schisano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Viviana Narciso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sherif T S Hassan
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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27
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Zhang Y, Guo H, Kim SB, Wu Y, Ostojich D, Park SH, Wang X, Weng Z, Li R, Bandodkar AJ, Sekine Y, Choi J, Xu S, Quaggin S, Ghaffari R, Rogers JA. Passive sweat collection and colorimetric analysis of biomarkers relevant to kidney disorders using a soft microfluidic system. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1545-1555. [PMID: 30912557 PMCID: PMC6830512 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00103d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The rich range of biomarkers in sweat and the ability to collect sweat in a non-invasive manner create interest in the use of this biofluid for assessments of health and physiological status, with potential applications that range from sports and fitness to clinical medicine. This paper introduces two important advances in recently reported classes of soft, skin-interfaced microfluidic systems for sweat capture and analysis: (1) a simple, broadly applicable means for collection of sweat that bypasses requirements for physical/mental exertion or pharmacological stimulation and (2) a set of enzymatic chemistries and colorimetric readout approaches for determining the concentrations of creatinine and urea in sweat, throughout ranges that are physiologically relevant. The results allow for routine, non-pharmacological capture of sweat for patient populations, such as infants and the elderly, that cannot be expected to sweat through exercise, and they create potential opportunities in the use of sweat for kidney disease screening/monitoring. Studies on human subjects demonstrate these essential capabilities, with quantitative comparisons to standard methods. The results expand the range of options available in microfluidic sampling and sensing of sweat for disease diagnostics and health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical, Biological, and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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28
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Isotope Dilution LC-MS/MS Method for Glycine Betaine in Manila Clam (Tapes philippinarum). FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01469-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Zhong Z, Liu J, Zhang Q, Zhong W, Li B, Li C, Liu Z, Yang M, Zhao P. Targeted metabolomic analysis of plasma metabolites in patients with coronary heart disease in southern China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14309. [PMID: 30762730 PMCID: PMC6407954 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD), one of the leading causes of death in the world, is a complex metabolic disorder due to genetic and environmental interactions. The potential mechanisms and diagnostic biomarkers for different types of coronary heart disease remain unclear. Metabolomics is increasingly considered to be a promising technology with the potential to identify metabolomic features in an attempt to distinguish the different stages of CHD.We aimed to investigate serum metabolite profiling between CHD patients and normal coronary artery (NCA) subjects and identify metabolic biomarkers associated with CHD progression in an ethnic Hakka population in southern China.Using a novel targeted metabolomics approach, we explored the metabolic characteristics of CHD patients. Blood samples from 302 patients with CHD and 59 NCA subjects were collected that analyses using targeted liquid-chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS).A total of 361 blood samples were determined using targeted LC-MS. Plasma concentrations for trimetlylamine oxide (TMAO), choline, creatinine, and carnitine were significantly higher in patients with CHD compared to the NCA cohort. Further, we observed that the concentration of the 4 metabolites were higher than that of the NCA group in any group of CHD, which including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), unstable angina (UA), and stable angina (SA). In addition, the diagnostic model was constructed based on the metabolites identified and the ROC curve of the NCA subjects and CHD patients were performed. For choline and creatinine, the AUCs ranged from 0.720 to 0.733. For TMAO and carnitine, the AUCs ranged from 0.568 to 0.600.In conclusion, the current study illustrates the distribution of 4 metabolites between CHD patients and NCA subjects. Metabolomics analysis may yield novel predictive biomarkers that will potentially provide value for clinical diagnosis of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Zhong
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Jing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Clinical Core Laboratory, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders, Meizhou, PR China
| | - Qifeng Zhang
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Wei Zhong
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Bin Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Cunren Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Zhidong Liu
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Min Yang
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Pingsen Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Clinical Core Laboratory, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders, Meizhou, PR China
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Cieslarova Z, Magaldi M, Barros LA, do Lago CL, Oliveira DR, Fonseca FAH, Izar MC, Lopes AS, Tavares MFM, Klassen A. Capillary electrophoresis with dual diode array detection and tandem mass spectrometry to access cardiovascular biomarkers candidates in human urine: Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and l-carnitine. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1583:136-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Madrid-Gambin F, Brunius C, Garcia-Aloy M, Estruel-Amades S, Landberg R, Andres-Lacueva C. Untargeted 1H NMR-Based Metabolomics Analysis of Urine and Serum Profiles after Consumption of Lentils, Chickpeas, and Beans: An Extended Meal Study To Discover Dietary Biomarkers of Pulses. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:6997-7005. [PMID: 29920085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
High legume intake has been shown to have beneficial effects on the health of humans. The use of nutritional biomarkers, as a complement to self-reported questionnaires, could assist in evaluating dietary intake and downstream effects on human health. The aim of this study was to investigate potential biomarkers of the consumption of pulses (i.e., white beans, chickpeas, and lentils) by using untargeted NMR-based metabolomics. Meals rich in pulses were consumed by a total of 11 participants in a randomized crossover study and multilevel partial least-squares regression was employed for paired comparisons. Metabolomics analysis indicated that trigonelline, 3-methylhistidine, dimethylglycine, trimethylamine, and lysine were potential, though not highly specific, biomarkers of pulse intake. Furthermore, monitoring of these metabolites for a period of 48 h after intake revealed a range of different excretion patterns among pulses. Following the consumption of pulses, a metabolomic profiling revealed that the concentration ratios of trigonelline, choline, lysine, and histidine were similar to those found in urine. In conclusion, this study identified potential urinary biomarkers of exposure to dietary pulses and provided valuable information about the time-response effect of these putative biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Madrid-Gambin
- Biomarkers & Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA , Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona , Barcelona 08028 , Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Carl Brunius
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science , Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg SE-412 96 , Sweden
| | - Mar Garcia-Aloy
- Biomarkers & Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA , Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona , Barcelona 08028 , Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Sheila Estruel-Amades
- Biomarkers & Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA , Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona , Barcelona 08028 , Spain
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Molecular Sciences , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Uppsala 750 07 , Sweden
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science , Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg SE-412 96 , Sweden
| | - Cristina Andres-Lacueva
- Biomarkers & Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA , Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona , Barcelona 08028 , Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Barcelona , Spain
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Jacobson SW, Carter RC, Molteno CD, Meintjes EM, Senekal M, Lindinger NM, Dodge NC, Zeisel SH, Duggan CP, Jacobson JL. Feasibility and Acceptability of Maternal Choline Supplementation in Heavy Drinking Pregnant Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:1315-1326. [PMID: 29750366 PMCID: PMC6028314 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choline, an essential nutrient, serves as a methyl-group donor for DNA methylation and is a constituent of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and a precursor to major components of cell membranes. Findings from animal studies suggest that choline supplementation during pregnancy can mitigate adverse effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on growth and neurocognitive function. We conducted a randomized, double-blind exploratory trial to examine feasibility and acceptability of a choline supplementation intervention during pregnancy. METHODS Seventy heavy drinkers, recruited in mid-pregnancy, were randomly assigned to receive a daily oral dose of 2 g of choline or a placebo from time of enrollment until delivery. Each dose consisted of an individually wrapped packet of powder that, when mixed with water, produced a sweet tasting grape-flavored drink. Adherence was assessed by collecting used and unused drink packets on a monthly basis and tabulating the number used. Side effects were assessed in monthly interviews. Blood samples obtained at enrollment and at 4 and 12 weeks after randomization were assayed for plasma choline concentration. RESULTS Adherence was good-to-excellent (median doses taken = 74.0%; interquartile range = 53.9 to 88.7%) and was not related to a range of sociodemographic characteristics or to alcohol consumption ascertained using a timeline follow-back interview. By 4 weeks, plasma choline concentrations were significantly higher in the choline supplementation than the placebo arm, and this group difference continued to be evident at 12 weeks. The only side effect was a small increase in nausea/dyspepsia. No effects were seen for diarrhea, vomiting, muscle stiffness, blood pressure, or body odor changes. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that a choline supplementation program with very heavy drinkers during pregnancy is feasible even among highly disadvantaged, poorly educated women. The broad acceptability of this intervention is indicated by our finding that adherence was not related to maternal education, intellectual function, depression, nutritional status, or alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra W. Jacobson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R. Colin Carter
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital of New York, and Institute for Human Nutrition, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christopher D. Molteno
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ernesta M. Meintjes
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marjanne Senekal
- Division of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nadine M. Lindinger
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Neil C. Dodge
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Steven H. Zeisel
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Christopher P. Duggan
- Center for Nutrition, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph L. Jacobson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Li Z, Suslick KS. Ultrasonic Preparation of Porous Silica-Dye Microspheres: Sensors for Quantification of Urinary Trimethylamine N-Oxide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:15820-15828. [PMID: 29694015 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), the N-oxide metabolite of trimethylamine (TMA), is a key index in the determination of a wide variety of human cardiac or kidney diseases. A colorimetric sensor array comprising ultrasonically prepared silica-dye microspheres was developed for rapid, portable, and sensitive detection of urinary TMAO. To prepare the sensor array, 13 different organically modified silica (ormosil)-dye composites were synthesized from the hydrolysis/pyrolysis of ultrasonically sprayed organosiloxane precursors under optimized reaction conditions; the resulting products are uniformly sized nanoporous microspheres that are effective colorimetric sensors for various volatile analytes. The effective quantification of aqueous TMAO (which is not volatile) was based on sensing the volatile TMA produced from a simple catalytic reduction of TMAO in situ. RGB color-change patterns from digital images of the sensor array permit precise discrimination among a wide range of TMAO concentrations (10-750 μM) in simulated urine samples; both hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis achieve >99% accuracy in data classification. The calculated limit of detection of urinary TMAO is ∼4 μM, which is substantially below the median level of healthy subjects (∼380 μM). The array of sensors could be simplified to only a couple of strongly responsive elements for the ease of field use, and the process could be developed as a point-of-care tool in combination with digital imaging for the early diagnosis of cardiovascular or kidney diseases from the measurement of fasting urinary level of TMAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 S. Mathews Avenue , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Kenneth S Suslick
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 S. Mathews Avenue , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
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Li XS, Li S, Kellermann G. A simple dilute and shoot approach incorporated with pentafluorophenyl (PFP) column based LC-MS/MS assay for the simultaneous determination of trimethylamine N-oxide and trimethylamine in spot urine samples with high throughput. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1067:61-70. [PMID: 29017075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Determination of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and trimethylamine (TMA) in biological and environmental samples has drawn great attention recently due to their increasing association with human health and disease. It remains a challenge to simultaneously quantify TMAO and TMA in a simple, fast and cost-effective manner due to pre-analytical and analytical constraints. For the first time, we describe a dilute and shoot approach combined with LC-MS/MS detection for the simultaneous measurement of the analytes in spot urine samples with high throughput. Compared to the existing methods, the merits of the proposed assay include the use of a simple dilute and shoot approach (100-fold), small sample volume (10μL), short LC run on a PFP column (4.0min) and multi-analyte MS detection without sample cleanup, derivatization, evaporation and a HILIC column. Dilution, LC and MS parameters were optimized in detail. Method validation yielded a wide linearity for TMAO (1.0-400μg/mL) and TMA (0.025-10μg/mL) with a respective limit of quantitation of 1.0 and 0.025μg/mL. The quantitation was not affected by 41 major urinary components, structurally-related drugs and metabolites. The intra- and inter-day assay precisions were ≤3.6% and recoveries were 93.3%-103.3% for spiked quality control samples. The clinical utility of the alternative spot urine sampling approach compared to conventional 24h urine collection was supported by a significant correlation between the two sampling strategies (n=20, p<0.0001, r=0.757-0.862; slope=0.687-1.170) and no statistical difference in day-to-day biological variability (n=20). The applicability and reliability of the assay was verified by the assessment of reference intervals in a cohort of 118 healthy people. The proposed assay would be beneficial for the rapid and accurate determination of the increasingly important TMAO and TMA demanded in clinical, environmental, pharmaceutical and nutritional fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shu Li
- Pharmasan Labs, Inc., 373 280th Street, Osceola, WI 54020, USA
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Veeravalli S, Karu K, Phillips IR, Shephard EA. A highly sensitive liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry method for quantification of TMA, TMAO and creatinine in mouse urine. MethodsX 2017; 4:310-319. [PMID: 29062719 PMCID: PMC5643081 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Our method describes the quantification in mouse urine of trimethylamine (TMA), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and creatinine. The method combines derivatization of TMA, with ethyl bromoacetate, and LC chromatographic separation on an ACE C18 column. The effluent was continuously electrosprayed into the linear ion trap mass spectrometer (LTQ), which operated in selective ion monitoring (SIM) modes set for targeted analytes and their internal standards (IS). All validation parameters were within acceptable ranges of analytical method validation guidelines. Intra- and inter-day assay precision and accuracy coefficients of variation were <3.1%, and recoveries for TMA and TMAO were 97–104%. The method developed uses a two-step procedure. Firstly, TMA and TMAO are analyzed without a purification step using a 5-min gradient cap-LC- SIMs analysis, then creatinine is analyzed using the same experimental conditions. The method is robust, highly sensitive, reproducible and has the high-throughput capability of detecting TMA, TMAO and creatinine at on-column concentrations as low as 28 pg/mL, 115 pg/mL and 1 ng/mL, respectively. The method is suitable for analysis of TMA, TMAO and creatinine in both male and female mouse urine. The key benefits of the method are: The small sample volume of urine required, which overcomes the difficulties of collecting sufficient volumes of urine at defined times. No sample pre-treatment is necessary. The quantification of TMA, TMAO and creatinine using the same cap-LC-MS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Veeravalli
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kersti Karu
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ian R Phillips
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK.,School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Shephard
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
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Wei D, Liu J, Guo M, Zhu Y. Determination of betaine,l-carnitine, and choline in human urine using a self-packed column and column-switching ion chromatography with nonsuppressed conductivity detection. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:4246-4255. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Xixi Campus; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Junwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Xixi Campus; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Ming Guo
- Research Center of Analysis and Measurement; Zhejiang Research Institute of Chemical Industry; Hangzhou China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Xixi Campus; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
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Krüger R, Merz B, Rist MJ, Ferrario PG, Bub A, Kulling SE, Watzl B. Associations of current diet with plasma and urine TMAO in the KarMeN study: direct and indirect contributions. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28755411 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Knowledge on the influence of current diet on trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels in humans is still inconsistent. Thus, we aimed to investigate associations of current diet with urine and plasma TMAO levels and to determine the effect of different foods on TMAO variation. METHODS AND RESULTS TMAO concentrations of 297 healthy individuals were assessed using 1 H-NMR spectroscopy for 24 h urine collection and spot urine, and LC-MS for plasma. Of 35 assessed food groups, those with a correlation of ρ >|0.15| with plasma or urine TMAO levels were further investigated in multivariate linear regression models showing current fish and (red) meat consumption as plausible dietary sources of TMAO. Overall, explained variance of TMAO levels by current diet and co-variables (age, sex, lean body mass, glomerular filtration rate) was small. Associations with urine and plasma concentrations differed depending on the TMAO source. Fish consumption was associated with urine and plasma TMAO concentrations, whereas meat consumption was only associated with TMAO concentrations in plasma. Furthermore, associations of plasma TMAO concentration with fish consumption were two times stronger than with meat consumption. CONCLUSION Meat and fish consumption differentially affects TMAO concentrations in body fluids. Only a small fraction of variance is explained by current diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Krüger
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Germany
| | - Benedikt Merz
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Germany
| | - Manuela J Rist
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Germany
| | - Paola G Ferrario
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Germany
| | - Achim Bub
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Germany
| | - Sabine E Kulling
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Germany
| | - Bernhard Watzl
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Germany
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Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a biologically active molecule and is a putative promoter of chronic diseases including atherosclerosis in humans. Host intestinal bacteria produce its precursor trimethylamine (TMA) from carnitine, choline, or choline-containing compounds. Most of the TMA produced is passively absorbed into portal circulation, and hepatic flavin-dependent monooxygenases (FMOs) efficiently oxidize TMA to TMAO. Both observational and experimental studies suggest a strong positive correlation between increased plasma TMAO concentrations and adverse cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and death. However, a clear mechanistic link between TMAO and such diseases is not yet validated. Therefore, it is debated whether increased TMAO concentrations are the cause or result of these diseases. Here, we have tried to review the current understanding of the properties and physiological functions of TMAO, its dietary sources, and its effects on human metabolism. Studies that describe the potential role of TMAO in the etiology of cardiovascular and other diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Zeisel
- Nutrition Research Institute and Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081;
| | - Manya Warrier
- Nutrition Research Institute and Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081;
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Mi S, Zhao YY, Jacobs RL, Curtis JM. Simultaneous determination of trimethylamine and trimethylamineN-oxide in mouse plasma samples by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:688-696. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si Mi
- Department of Agricultural; Food and Nutritional Science; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhao
- Department of Agricultural; Food and Nutritional Science; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - René L. Jacobs
- Department of Agricultural; Food and Nutritional Science; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Jonathan M. Curtis
- Department of Agricultural; Food and Nutritional Science; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
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40
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Awwad HM, Geisel J, Obeid R. Determination of trimethylamine, trimethylamine N-oxide, and taurine in human plasma and urine by UHPLC–MS/MS technique. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1038:12-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Meyer KA, Benton TZ, Bennett BJ, Jacobs DR, Lloyd-Jones DM, Gross MD, Carr JJ, Gordon-Larsen P, Zeisel SH. Microbiota-Dependent Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Coronary Artery Calcium in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA). J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e003970. [PMID: 27792658 PMCID: PMC5121500 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical studies implicate trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO; a gut microbiota-dependent nutrient metabolite) in cardiovascular disease risk. There is a lack of population-based data on the role of TMAO in advancing early atherosclerotic disease. We tested the prospective associations between TMAO and coronary artery calcium (CAC) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). METHODS AND RESULTS Data were from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA), a biracial cohort of US adults recruited in 1985-1986 (n=5115). We randomly sampled 817 participants (aged 33-55 years) who attended examinations in 2000-2001, 2005-2006, and 2010-2011, at which CAC was measured by computed tomography and cIMT (2005-2006) by ultrasound. TMAO was quantified using liquid chromotography mass spectrometry on plasma collected in 2000-2001. Outcomes were incident CAC, defined as Agatston units=0 in 2000-2001 and >0 over 10-year follow-up, CAC progression (any increase over 10-year follow-up), and continuous cIMT. Over the study period, 25% (n=184) of those free of CAC in 2000-2001 (n=746) developed detectable CAC. In 2000-2001, median (interquartile range) TMAO was 2.6 (1.8-4.2) μmol/L. In multivariable-adjusted models, TMAO was not associated with 10-year CAC incidence (rate ratio=1.03; 95% CI: 0.71-1.52) or CAC progression (0.97; 0.68-1.38) in Poisson regression, or cIMT (beta coefficient: -0.009; -0.03 to 0.01) in linear regression, comparing the fourth to the first quartiles of TMAO. CONCLUSIONS In this population-based study, TMAO was not associated with measures of atherosclerosis: CAC incidence, CAC progression, or cIMT. These data indicate that TMAO may not contribute significantly to advancing early atherosclerotic disease risk among healthy early-middle-aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Meyer
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health & School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Thomas Z Benton
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Brian J Bennett
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health & School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Myron D Gross
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - J Jeffrey Carr
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences and Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health & School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Steven H Zeisel
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health & School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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Obeid R, Awwad HM, Kirsch SH, Waldura C, Herrmann W, Graeber S, Geisel J. Plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide following supplementation with vitamin D or D plus B vitamins. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27569255 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE We compared the effect of supplementation with vitamin D + B or vitamin D on plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and choline metabolites. METHODS AND RESULTS This is a randomized single-blinded nonplacebo-controlled study. Twenty-seven participants received 1200 IU vitamin D3 and 800 mg calcium, and 25 participants received additionally 0.5 mg folic acid, 50 mg B6, and 0.5 mg B12 for 1 year. Plasma homocysteine (Hcy), TMAO, and choline metabolites were measured at baseline and 12 months later. TMAO declined in the vitamin D arm by 0.5 versus 2.8 μmol/L in the D + B arm (p = 0.005). Hcy decreased and betaine increased in the D + B compared to the D arm. Within-subject levels of plasma choline and dimethylglycine and urine betaine increased in both arms and changes did not differ between the arms. TMAO reduction was predicted by higher baseline TMAO and lowering Hcy in stepwise regression analysis. The test-retest variations of TMAO were greater in the D + B arm compared to vitamin D arm. CONCLUSION B vitamins plus vitamin D lowered plasma fasting TMAO compared to vitamin D. Vitamin D caused alterations in choline metabolism, which may reflect the metabolic flexibility of C1-metabolism. The molecular mechanisms and health implications of these changes are currently unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Obeid
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Hussain M Awwad
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Susanne H Kirsch
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christiane Waldura
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herrmann
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Stefan Graeber
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Juergen Geisel
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Obeid R, Awwad HM, Keller M, Geisel J. Trimethylamine-N-oxide and its biological variations in vegetarians. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:2599-2609. [PMID: 27562778 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1295-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Restriction of animal foods and choline may affect plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). In vegetarians, we investigated the association between TMAO concentrations and the strictness of the diet or sex. We also studied the biological variations of TMAO in vegans. METHODS Concentrations of plasma TMAO and choline metabolites were measured in 38 vegans and 67 lacto-ovo-vegetarians (group 1: mean age ± SD = 50 ± 15 years). Group 2 consisted of 66 vegans (29.2 ± 7.3 years) that was tested twice within 3 months of intervention with vitamin B12 or a placebo. RESULTS In group 1, plasma TMAO did not differ according to the strictness of the diet (both means 3.7 µmol/L). In lacto-ovo-vegetarians, men had higher TMAO and betaine, but lower trimethylamine than women. In group 2, the intervention with vitamin B12 had no effect on plasma TMAO or choline metabolites. The mean within-subject change of TMAO within 3 months was -0.3 (95 % confidence intervals = -0.7-0.1 µmol/L). TMAO increased after 3 months (mean 1.7 to 2.8 µmol/L) in vegans with a lower baseline dimethylglycine (2.2 µmol/L), while it declined (from 2.7 to 1.9 µmol/L) in vegans with a higher dimethylglycine (3.1 µmol/L). The intra-class correlation coefficients were 0.819 for TMAO, 0.885 for betaine and 0.860 for dimethylglycine. CONCLUSIONS Plasma TMAO was not related to the strictness of the vegetarian diet. Metabolisms of TMAO and dimethylglycine are interrelated. Intra-individual variations of TMAO are low in vegans. Changes of fasting plasma TMAO >80 % upon retesting are likely to exceed the biological variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Obeid
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Building 57, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany. .,Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Aarhus, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, Building 1632, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Hussain M Awwad
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Building 57, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Markus Keller
- Institute of Alternative and Sustainable Nutrition, 35444, Biebertal/Giessen, Germany
| | - Juergen Geisel
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Building 57, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Semba RD, Zhang P, Gonzalez-Freire M, Moaddel R, Trehan I, Maleta KM, Ordiz MI, Ferrucci L, Manary MJ. The association of serum choline with linear growth failure in young children from rural Malawi. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104:191-7. [PMID: 27281303 PMCID: PMC4919529 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.129684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choline is an essential nutrient for cell structure, cell signaling, neurotransmission, lipid transport, and bone formation. Choline can be irreversibly converted to betaine, a major source of methyl groups. Trimethylene N-oxide (TMAO), a proatherogenic molecule, is produced from the metabolism of dietary choline by the gut microbiome. The relation between serum choline and its closely related metabolites with linear growth in children is unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim was to characterize the relation between serum choline and its closely related metabolites, betaine and TMAO, with linear growth and stunting in young children. DESIGN We measured serum choline, betaine, and TMAO concentrations by using liquid chromatography isotopic dilution tandem mass spectrometry in a cross-sectional study in 325 Malawian children, aged 12-59 mo, of whom 62% were stunted. RESULTS Median (25th, 75th percentile) serum choline, betaine, and TMAO concentrations were 6.4 (4.8, 8.3), 12.4 (9.1, 16.3), and 1.2 (0.7, 1.8) μmol/L, respectively. Spearman correlation coefficients of age with serum choline, betaine, and TMAO were -0.57 (P < 0.0001), -0.26 (P < 0.0001), and -0.10 (P = 0.07), respectively. Correlation coefficients of height-for-age z score with serum choline, betaine-to-choline ratio, and TMAO-to-choline ratio were 0.31 (P < 0.0001), -0.24 (P < 0.0001), and -0.29 (P < 0.0001), respectively. Serum choline concentrations were strongly and significantly associated with stunting. Children with and without stunting had median (25th, 75th percentile) serum choline concentrations of 5.6 (4.4, 7.4) and 7.3 (5.9, 9.1) μmol/L (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Linear growth failure in young children is associated with low serum choline and elevated betaine-to-choline and TMAO-to-choline ratios. Further work is needed to understand whether low dietary choline intake explains low circulating choline among stunted children living in low-income countries and whether increasing choline intake may correct choline deficiency and improve growth and development. This trial was registered in the ISRCTN registry (www.isrctn.com) as ISRCTN14597012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Semba
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD;
| | - Pingbo Zhang
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Indi Trehan
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO; and Departments of Community Health and Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Kenneth M Maleta
- Community Health and Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - M Isabel Ordiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO; and Departments of
| | | | - Mark J Manary
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO; and Departments of Community Health and Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
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Obeid R, Awwad HM, Rabagny Y, Graeber S, Herrmann W, Geisel J. Plasma trimethylamine N-oxide concentration is associated with choline, phospholipids, and methyl metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:703-11. [PMID: 26864355 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.121269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated plasma concentrations of the gut bacteria choline metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) are associated with atherosclerosis. However, the determinants of TMAO in humans require additional assessment. OBJECTIVE We examined cardiometabolic risk factors and pathways associated with TMAO concentrations in humans. DESIGN A total of 283 individuals (mean ± SD age: 66.7 ± 9.0 y) were included in this observational study. Plasma concentrations of trimethylamine, TMAO, choline, lipids, phospholipids, and methyl metabolites were measured. RESULTS Study participants were divided into 4 groups by median concentrations of TMAO and choline (4.36 and 9.7 μmol/L, respectively). Compared with the group with TMAO and choline concentrations that were less than the median (n = 82), the group with TMAO and choline concentrations that were at least the median (n = 83) was older and had lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, phospholipids, and methylation potential, higher creatinine, betaine, S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), and higher percentages of men and subjects with diabetes. The difference in plasma TMAO concentrations between men and women (7.3 ± 10.0 compared with 5.4 ± 5.6 μmol/L, respectively) was NS after adjustment for age and creatinine (P = 0.455). The TMAO:trimethylamine ratio was higher in men (P < 0.001). Diabetes was associated with significantly higher plasma TMAO concentration (8.6 ± 12.2 compared with 5.4 ± 5.2 μmol/L) even after adjustments. Sex and diabetes showed an interactive effect on trimethylamine concentrations (P = 0.010) but not on TMAO concentrations (P = 0.950). Positive determinants of TMAO in a stepwise regression model that applied to the whole group were SAH, trimethylamine, choline, and female sex, whereas plasma phosphatidylcholine was a negative determinant. CONCLUSIONS High TMAO and choline concentrations are associated with an advanced cardiometabolic risk profile. Diabetes is related to higher plasma TMAO concentrations but also to alterations in interrelated pathways such as lipids, phospholipids, and methylation. Elevated plasma TMAO concentrations likely reflect a specific metabolic pattern characterized by low HDL and phospholipids in addition to hypomethylation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02586181 and NCT02588898.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Obeid
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany; Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; and
| | - Hussain M Awwad
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Yannick Rabagny
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Graeber
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herrmann
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Juergen Geisel
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
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