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Ozuzu SA, Hussain RSA, Kuchkarova N, Fidelis GD, Zhou S, Habumugisha T, Shao H. Buffalo-bur (S olanum rostratum Dunal) invasiveness, bioactivities, and utilization: a review. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17112. [PMID: 38560474 PMCID: PMC10981417 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Solanum rostratum Dunal, belongs to the Solanaceae family and has drawn attention for its intricate interplay of invasiveness, phytochemical composition, and potential bioactivities. Notably invasive, S. rostratum employs adaptive mechanisms during senescence, featuring thorn formation on leaves, fruits, and stems seed self-propulsion, and resistance to drought. This adaptability has led to its proliferation in countries such as China, Canada, and Australia, extending beyond its Mexican origin. Despite its invasive historical reputation, recent studies unveil a rich array of phytochemicals in S. rostratum, suggesting untapped economic potential due to under-exploration. This review delves into exploring the potential uses of S. rostratum while elucidating the bioactive compounds associated with diverse identified bioactivities. In terms of phytochemistry, S. rostratum reveals an abundance of various bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, and glycosides. These compounds confer a range of beneficial bioactivities, encompassing antioxidant, antifungal, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, phytotoxic, and pesticidal properties. This positions S. rostratum as a reservoir of valuable chemical constituents with potential applications, particularly in medicine and agriculture. The review provides comprehensive insights into the phytochemistry, bioactivities, and bioactivity-guided fractionation of S. rostratum. In this review, we focus on the potential utilization of S. rostratum by emphasizing its phytochemical profile, which holds promise for diverse applications. This review is the first that advocates for further exploration and research to unlock the plant's full potential for both economic and environmental benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Amarachi Ozuzu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rizvi Syed Arif Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nigora Kuchkarova
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Shixing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Hua Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
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2
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Chen K, Lin L, Ma R, Ding J, Pan H, Tao Y, Li Y, Jia H. Identification of sucrose synthase from Micractinium conductrix to favor biocatalytic glycosylation. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1220208. [PMID: 37649634 PMCID: PMC10465243 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1220208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) is a unique glycosyltransferase (GT) for developing cost-effective glycosylation processes. Up to now, some SuSys derived from plants and bacteria have been used to recycle uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose in the reactions catalyzed by Leloir GTs. In this study, after sequence mining and experimental verification, a SuSy from Micractinium conductrix (McSuSy), a single-cell green alga, was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and its enzymatic properties were characterized. In the direction of sucrose cleavage, the specific activity of the recombinant McSuSy is 9.39 U/mg at 37°C and pH 7.0, and the optimum temperature and pH were 60°C and pH 7.0, respectively. Its nucleotide preference for uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP) was similar to plant SuSys, and the enzyme activity remained relatively high when the DMSO concentration below 25%. The mutation of the predicted N-terminal phosphorylation site (S31D) significantly stimulated the activity of McSuSy. When the mutant S31D of McSuSy was applied by coupling the engineered Stevia glycosyltransferase UGT76G1 in a one-pot two-enzyme reaction at 10% DMSO, 50 g/L rebaudioside E was transformed into 51.06 g/L rebaudioside M in 57 h by means of batch feeding, with a yield of 76.48%. This work may reveal the lower eukaryotes as a promising resource for SuSys of industrial interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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3
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Jacinavicius FR, Geraldes V, Fernandes K, Crnkovic CM, Gama WA, Pinto E. Toxicological effects of cyanobacterial metabolites on zebrafish larval development. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 125:102430. [PMID: 37220983 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater cyanobacteria are known worldwide for their potential to produce toxins. However, these organisms are also found in marine, terrestrial and extreme environments and produce unique compounds, other than toxins. Nevertheless, their effects on biological systems are still barely known. This work tested extracts of different cyanobacterial strains against zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae and analyzed their metabolomic profiles using liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. Strains Desertifilum tharense, Anagnostidinema amphibium, and Nostoc sp. promoted morphological abnormalities such as pericardial edema, edema in the digestive system region, curvature of the tail and spine in zebrafish larvae in vivo. In contrast, Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlorogloeopsis sp. did not promote such changes. Metabolomics revealed unique compounds belonging to the classes of terpenoids, peptides, and linear lipopeptides/microginins in the nontoxic strains. The toxic strains were shown to contain unique compounds belonging to the classes of cyclic peptides, amino acids and other peptides, anabaenopeptins, lipopeptides, terpenoids, and alkaloids and derivatives. Other unknown compounds were also detected, highlighting the rich structural diversity of secondary metabolites produced by cyanobacteria. The effects of cyanobacterial metabolites on living organisms, mainly those related to potential human and ecotoxicological risks, are still poorly known. This work highlights the diverse, complex, and unique metabolomic profiles of cyanobacteria and the biotechnological potential and associated risks of exposure to their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda R Jacinavicius
- University of São Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Geraldes
- University of São Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil; Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, CEP 13418-260, Brazil
| | - Kelly Fernandes
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, CEP 13418-260, Brazil
| | - Camila M Crnkovic
- University of São Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Watson A Gama
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, CEP 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Ernani Pinto
- University of São Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil; Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, CEP 13418-260, Brazil
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4
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Kumar A, Kaur S, Sangwan PL, Tasduq SA. Therapeutic and cosmeceutical role of glycosylated natural products in dermatology. Phytother Res 2023; 37:1574-1589. [PMID: 36809543 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) remain the primary source of pharmacologically active candidates for drug discovery. Since time immemorial, NPs have attracted considerable attention because of their beneficial skin effects. Moreover, there has been a great interest in using such products for the cosmetics industry in the past few decades, bridging the gap between modern and traditional medicine. Terpenoids, Steroids, and Flavonoids having glycosidic attachment have proven biological effects with a positive impact on human health. NPs derived glycosides are mainly found in fruits, vegetables, and plants, and most of them have a special reverence in traditional and modern medicine for disease prevention and treatment. A literature review was performed using scientific journals, Google scholar, Scifinder, PubMED, and Google patents. These scientific articles, documents, and patents establish the significance of glycosidic NPs in the areas of dermatology. Considering the human inclination to the usage of NPs rather than synthetic or inorganic drugs (especially in the area of skin care), in the present review we have discussed the worth of NP glycosides in beauty care and skin-related therapeutics and the mechanistic pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.,PK/PD divisions, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Sarabjit Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Pyare L Sangwan
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Sheikh A Tasduq
- PK/PD divisions, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,PK-PD and Toxicology Divisions, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Demurtas OC, Nicolia A, Diretto G. Terpenoid Transport in Plants: How Far from the Final Picture? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:634. [PMID: 36771716 PMCID: PMC9919377 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Contrary to the biosynthetic pathways of many terpenoids, which are well characterized and elucidated, their transport inside subcellular compartments and the secretion of reaction intermediates and final products at the short- (cell-to-cell), medium- (tissue-to-tissue), and long-distance (organ-to-organ) levels are still poorly understood, with some limited exceptions. In this review, we aim to describe the state of the art of the transport of several terpene classes that have important physiological and ecological roles or that represent high-value bioactive molecules. Among the tens of thousands of terpenoids identified in the plant kingdom, only less than 20 have been characterized from the point of view of their transport and localization. Most terpenoids are secreted in the apoplast or stored in the vacuoles by the action of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. However, little information is available regarding the movement of terpenoid biosynthetic intermediates from plastids and the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Through a description of the transport mechanisms of cytosol- or plastid-synthesized terpenes, we attempt to provide some hypotheses, suggestions, and general schemes about the trafficking of different substrates, intermediates, and final products, which might help develop novel strategies and approaches to allow for the future identification of terpenoid transporters that are still uncharacterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Costantina Demurtas
- Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division, Biotechnology Laboratory, Casaccia Research Center, ENEA—Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Nicolia
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, via Cavalleggeri 25, 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division, Biotechnology Laboratory, Casaccia Research Center, ENEA—Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, 00123 Rome, Italy
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6
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Comprehensive analysis of carotenoids constituents in purple-coloured leaves and carotenoid-derived aroma differences after processing into green, black, and white tea. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Yin M, Li C, Wang Y, Fu J, Sun Y, Zhang Q. Comparison analysis of metabolite profiling in seeds and bark of Ulmus parvifolia, a Chinese medicine species. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2138041. [PMID: 36317599 PMCID: PMC9629078 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2138041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ulmus parvifolia (U. parvifolia) is a Chinese medicine plant whose bark and leaves are used in the treatment of some diseases such as inflammation, diarrhea and fever. However, metabolic signatures of seeds have not been studied. The seeds and bark of U. parvifolia collected at the seed ripening stage were used for metabolite profiling analysis through the untargeted metabolomics approach. A total of 2,578 and 2,207 metabolites, while 503 and 132 unique metabolites were identified in seeds and bark, respectively. Additionally, 574 differential metabolites (DEMs) were detected in the two different organs of U. parvifolia, which were grouped into 52 classes. Most kinds of metabolites classed into prenol lipids class. The relative content of flavonoids class was the highest. DEMs contained some bioactive compounds (e.g., flavonoids, terpene glycosides, triterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids) with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities. Most kinds of flavonoids and sesquiterpenes were up-regulated in seeds. There were more varieties of terpene glycosides and triterpenoids showing up-regulated in bark. The pathway enrichment was performed, while flavonoid biosynthesis, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis were worthy of attention. This study identified DEMs with pharmaceutical value between seeds and bark during seed maturation and offered a molecular basis for alternative or complementary use of seeds and bark of U. parvifolia as a Chinese medicinal material.
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Affiliation(s)
- MingLong Yin
- Forestry College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - ChuanRong Li
- Forestry College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - YuShan Wang
- Institute of Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding, Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - JunHui Fu
- Institute of Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding, Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - YangYang Sun
- Institute of Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding, Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding, Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Tai’an, China
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8
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Huang FC, Effenberger I, Fischer T, Hahn IL, Hoffmann T, Schwab W. Comparative Physicochemical and Biochemical Characterization of Small-Molecule Glucosides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15972-15980. [PMID: 36475669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation of small molecules can significantly improve their physicochemical and biological properties. Only recently, decisive improvements in the biotechnological production of small-molecule glucosides (SMGs) have resulted in a large number of these compounds now being commercially available. In this study, we have analyzed a number of physical, chemical, and biological parameters of 31 SMGs, including solubility, stability, melting and pyrolysis points, partition coefficient log P, minimum inhibitory concentration against Escherichia coli (MIC), and enzymatic degradability. The properties such as water solubility, pH stability, and MICs of the glycosides were strongly dependent on the structures of the respective aglycones, which is why the SMG clustered according to their aglycones in most cases. Phenolic and furanone glucosides were readily hydrolyzed by saliva and skin microflora, whereas monoterpenol glycosides were poorer substrates for the enzymes involved. The results of this comparative analysis of SMGs provide valuable information for elucidating the biological functions of SMGs and the future technological applications of these useful natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thilo Fischer
- 4GENE, Lise-Meitner-Str. 30, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Isabella-Louisa Hahn
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technical University Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hoffmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technical University Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technical University Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
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9
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Mhoswa L, Myburg AA, Slippers B, Külheim C, Naidoo S. Genome-wide association study identifies SNP markers and putative candidate genes for terpene traits important for Leptocybe invasa resistance in Eucalyptus grandis. G3 GENES|GENOMES|GENETICS 2022; 12:6521028. [PMID: 35134191 PMCID: PMC8982386 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Terpenes are an important group of plant specialized metabolites influencing, amongst other functions, defence mechanisms against pests. We used a genome-wide association study to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and putative candidate genes for terpene traits. We tested 15,387 informative SNP markers derived from genotyping 416 Eucalyptus grandis individuals for association with 3 terpene traits, 1,8-cineole, γ-terpinene, and p-cymene. A multilocus mixed model analysis identified 21 SNP markers for 1,8-cineole on chromosomes 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, that individually explained 3.0%–8.4% and jointly 42.7% of the phenotypic variation. Association analysis of γ-terpinene found 32 significant SNP markers on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 11, explaining 3.4–15.5% and jointly 54.5% of phenotypic variation. For p-cymene, 28 significant SNP markers were identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, and 11, explaining 3.4–16.1% of the phenotypic variation and jointly 46.9%. Our results show that variation underlying the 3 terpene traits is influenced by a few minor loci in combination with a few major effect loci, suggesting an oligogenic nature of the traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Mhoswa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Alexander A Myburg
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Bernard Slippers
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Carsten Külheim
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931-1295, USA
| | - Sanushka Naidoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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10
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Comparative Investigations on Different β-Glucosidase Surrogate Substrates. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8020083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
β-glucosidases are hydrolyzing enzymes which can release many aroma-active compounds from their glycoside form. Several yeasts produce these enzymes and thus are applied during the wine production process. To be able to test specific organisms for the presence of β-glucosidases and to investigate this enzyme activity, four main surrogate substrates have been described. The properties and applicability of these compounds, named arbutin (hydroquinone-β-D-glucopyranoside), esculin (6-O-(-D-glucosyl)aesculetin), 4-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) and 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (4-MUG), are discussed after comparing their advantages and disadvantages. Although all four substrates were found suitable for photometric assays, 4-MUG has proven to be most appropriate due to high sensitivity, high robustness and simple processing. Furthermore, the investigation of β-glucosidase product accumulation is described, which could be used to give indications about β-glucosidase localization.
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Kurze E, Ruß V, Syam N, Effenberger I, Jonczyk R, Liao J, Song C, Hoffmann T, Schwab W. Glucosylation of (±)-Menthol by Uridine-Diphosphate-Sugar Dependent Glucosyltransferases from Plants. Molecules 2021; 26:5511. [PMID: 34576983 PMCID: PMC8470988 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Menthol is a cyclic monoterpene alcohol of the essential oils of plants of the genus Mentha, which is in demand by various industries due to its diverse sensorial and physiological properties. However, its poor water solubility and its toxic effect limit possible applications. Glycosylation offers a solution as the binding of a sugar residue to small molecules increases their water solubility and stability, renders aroma components odorless and modifies bioactivity. In order to identify plant enzymes that catalyze this reaction, a glycosyltransferase library containing 57 uridine diphosphate sugar-dependent enzymes (UGTs) was screened with (±)-menthol. The identity of the products was confirmed by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Five enzymes were able to form (±)-menthyl-β-d-glucopyranoside in whole-cell biotransformations: UGT93Y1, UGT93Y2, UGT85K11, UGT72B27 and UGT73B24. In vitro enzyme activity assays revealed highest catalytic activity for UGT93Y1 (7.6 nkat/mg) from Camellia sinensis towards menthol and its isomeric forms. Although UGT93Y2 shares 70% sequence identity with UGT93Y1, it was less efficient. Of the five enzymes, UGT93Y1 stood out because of its high in vivo and in vitro biotransformation rate. The identification of novel menthol glycosyltransferases from the tea plant opens new perspectives for the biotechnological production of menthyl glucoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Kurze
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany; (E.K.); (V.R.); (N.S.); (R.J.); (J.L.); (T.H.)
| | - Victoria Ruß
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany; (E.K.); (V.R.); (N.S.); (R.J.); (J.L.); (T.H.)
| | - Nadia Syam
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany; (E.K.); (V.R.); (N.S.); (R.J.); (J.L.); (T.H.)
| | | | - Rafal Jonczyk
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany; (E.K.); (V.R.); (N.S.); (R.J.); (J.L.); (T.H.)
| | - Jieren Liao
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany; (E.K.); (V.R.); (N.S.); (R.J.); (J.L.); (T.H.)
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;
| | - Thomas Hoffmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany; (E.K.); (V.R.); (N.S.); (R.J.); (J.L.); (T.H.)
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany; (E.K.); (V.R.); (N.S.); (R.J.); (J.L.); (T.H.)
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12
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Kurze E, Wüst M, Liao J, McGraphery K, Hoffmann T, Song C, Schwab W. Structure-function relationship of terpenoid glycosyltransferases from plants. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 39:389-409. [PMID: 34486004 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2021Terpenoids are physiologically active substances that are of great importance to humans. Their physicochemical properties are modified by glycosylation, in terms of polarity, volatility, solubility and reactivity, and their bioactivities are altered accordingly. Significant scientific progress has been made in the functional study of glycosylated terpenes and numerous plant enzymes involved in regio- and enantioselective glycosylation have been characterized, a reaction that remains chemically challenging. Crucial clues to the mechanism of terpenoid glycosylation were recently provided by the first crystal structures of a diterpene glycosyltransferase UGT76G1. Here, we review biochemically characterized terpenoid glycosyltransferases, compare their functions and primary structures, discuss their acceptor and donor substrate tolerance and product specificity, and elaborate features of the 3D structures of the first terpenoid glycosyltransferases from plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Kurze
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Matthias Wüst
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19C, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jieren Liao
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Kate McGraphery
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Thomas Hoffmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany. .,State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China.
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Slavik B, Roehrer S, Loos HM, Minceva M, Buettner A. Isolation of sesquiterpenoids from Matricaria chamomilla by means of solvent assisted flavor evaporation and centrifugal partition chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:4387-4396. [PMID: 34050388 PMCID: PMC8245379 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03400-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The (semi)volatile fraction of Matricaria chamomilla L., an annual herbal plant from the family of Asteraceae, contains high quantities of sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenoids. A method was developed to achieve isolation and separation of these compounds, using a combination of solvent assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) and solid support-free liquid-liquid chromatography. The biphasic liquid solvent system n-heptane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water, 5/2/5/2 v/v/v/v (Arizona S) was elaborated as a suitable solvent system for the simultaneous separation of the target compounds. The lab-scale liquid-liquid chromatography separation performed in a countercurrent chromatography (CCC) column was successfully transferred to a semi-preparative centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) column, which enabled the isolation of artemisia ketone, artemisia alcohol, α-bisabolone oxide A, and (E)-en-yn-dicycloether. α-Bisabolol oxide A and (Z)-en-yn-dicycloether co-eluted, but were successfully separated by subsequent size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Similarly, spathulenol and α-bisabolol oxide B were obtained as a mixture, and were separated by means of column chromatography using silica gel as stationary phase. The isolated compounds were characterized by means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Slavik
- Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon Roehrer
- Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Helene M Loos
- Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Straße 35, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Mirjana Minceva
- Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Andrea Buettner
- Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Straße 35, 85354, Freising, Germany.
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Schieber A, Wüst M. Volatile Phenols-Important Contributors to the Aroma of Plant-Derived Foods. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194529. [PMID: 33023270 PMCID: PMC7582606 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile phenols like phenylpropanoid and benzoid compounds originate from the aromatic amino acid phenylalanine, which is biosynthesized via the shikimate/arogenate pathway. These volatile compounds contribute to the aroma of a number of economically important plant-derived foods like herbs, spices and fruits. The sequestration of numerous phenylpropanoid and benzoid compounds as glycosides occurs widely in fruits, and this pool represents an important source of flavor that can be released during storage and processing. Therefore, this review will provide an overview of the biosynthesis of free and glycosylated phenylpropanoid and benzoid compounds and their reactions during food processing, which both lead to the generation of odor-active volatile phenols in plant-derived foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schieber
- Chair of Molecular Food Technology, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19B, 53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Matthias Wüst
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19B, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-228-73-2361
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15
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Terpou A, Ganatsios V, Kanellaki M, Koutinas AA. Entrapped Psychrotolerant Yeast Cells within Pine Sawdust for Low Temperature Wine Making: Impact on Wine Quality. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050764. [PMID: 32443782 PMCID: PMC7285313 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
An alternative methodology is proposed for low temperature winemaking using freeze-dried raw materials. Pine sawdust was delignified and the received porous cellulosic material was applied as immobilization carrier of the psychrotolerant yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae AXAZ-1. The immobilization of yeast cells was examined and verified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The immobilized biocatalyst and high-gravity grape must were separately freeze-dried without cryoprotectants and stored at room temperature (20–22 °C) for 3 months. The effect of storage on the fermentation efficiency of the immobilized biocatalyst at low temperatures (1–10 °C), as well as on the aromatic characteristics of the produced wines was evaluated. Storage time had no significant effect on the fermentation efficiency of the biocatalyst resulting in most cases in high ethanol production 13.8–14.8% v/v. The volatile fraction of the produced wines was examined using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). GC-MS/SPME analysis along with the organoleptic evaluation revealed in all produced wines a plethora of fresh and fruit aromatic notes. To conclude, fermentation kinetics and aromatic profile evaluation encourages the production of high-quality sweet wines at low temperatures using pine sawdust (Pinus halepensis) entrapped yeast cells as a promoter.
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16
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Mrudulakumari Vasudevan U, Lee EY. Flavonoids, terpenoids, and polyketide antibiotics: Role of glycosylation and biocatalytic tactics in engineering glycosylation. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 41:107550. [PMID: 32360984 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids, terpenoids, and polyketides are structurally diverse secondary metabolites used widely as pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Most of these molecules exist in nature as glycosides, in which sugar residues act as a decisive factor in their architectural complexity and bioactivity. Engineering glycosylation through selective trimming or extension of the sugar residues in these molecules is a prerequisite to their commercial production as well to creating novel derivatives with specialized functions. Traditional chemical glycosylation methods are tedious and can offer only limited end-product diversity. New in vitro and in vivo biocatalytic tools have emerged as outstanding platforms for engineering glycosylation in these three classes of secondary metabolites to create a large repertoire of versatile glycoprofiles. As knowledge has increased about secondary metabolite-associated promiscuous glycosyltransferases and sugar biosynthetic machinery, along with phenomenal progress in combinatorial biosynthesis, reliable industrial production of unnatural secondary metabolites has gained momentum in recent years. This review highlights the significant role of sugar residues in naturally occurring flavonoids, terpenoids, and polyketide antibiotics. General biocatalytic tools used to alter the identity and pattern of sugar molecules are described, followed by a detailed illustration of diverse strategies used in the past decade to engineer glycosylation of these valuable metabolites, exemplified with commercialized products and patents. By addressing the challenges involved in current bio catalytic methods and considering the perspectives portrayed in this review, exceptional drugs, flavors, and aromas from these small molecules could come to dominate the natural-product industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Cheng G, Chang P, Shen Y, Wu L, El-Sappah AH, Zhang F, Liang Y. Comparing the Flavor Characteristics of 71 Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) Accessions in Central Shaanxi. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:586834. [PMID: 33362814 PMCID: PMC7758415 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.586834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Flavor is an important quality of mature tomato fruits. Compared with heirloom tomatoes, modern commercial tomato cultivars are considerably less flavorful. This study aimed to compare the flavor of 71 tomato accessions (8 pink cherry, PC; 11 red cherry, RC; 15 pink large-fruited, PL; and 37 red large-fruited, RL) using hedonism scores and odor activity values. Taste compounds were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography. Volatiles were detected using gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry. The flavor of tomato accessions can be evaluated using the DTOPSIS analysis method. According to the results of DTOPSIS analysis, 71 tomato accessions can be divided into 4 classes. Tomato accessions PL11, PC4, PC2, PC8, RL35, RC6, and RC10 had better flavor; accessions PC4, PC8, RC10, RL2, and RL35 had better tomato taste; and accessions PL11, PC2, and RC6 had better tomato odor. The concentrations of total soluble solids, fructose, glucose, and citric acid were shown to positively contribute to tomato taste. Tomato odor was mainly derived from 15 volatiles, namely, 1-hexanol, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-heptenal, (E)-2-octenal, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, (Z)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadieal, 2,6,6-timethyl-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, (2E)-3-(3-pentyl-2-oxiranyl)acrylaldehyde, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, (E)-6,10-dimetyl-5,9-undecadien-2-one, methyl salicylate, 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol, and 2-isobutylthiazole. Significant positive correlations (P < 0.05) were detected between the compound concentrations and flavor scores. The above-mentioned compounds can be used as parameters for the evaluation of flavor characteristics and as potential targets to improve the flavor quality of tomato varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoting Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Regions, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Peipei Chang
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou, China
| | - Yuanbo Shen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Regions, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Liting Wu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Regions, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ahmed H. El-Sappah
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Regions, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Fei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Regions, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Zhang,
| | - Yan Liang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Regions, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Yan Liang,
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18
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Sun G, Strebl M, Merz M, Blamberg R, Huang FC, McGraphery K, Hoffmann T, Schwab W. Glucosylation of the phytoalexin N-feruloyl tyramine modulates the levels of pathogen-responsive metabolites in Nicotiana benthamiana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:20-37. [PMID: 31124249 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme promiscuity, a common property of many uridine diphosphate sugar-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) that convert small molecules, significantly hinders the identification of natural substrates and therefore the characterization of the physiological role of enzymes. In this paper we present a simple but effective strategy to identify endogenous substrates of plant UGTs using LC-MS-guided targeted glycoside analysis of transgenic plants. We successfully identified natural substrates of two promiscuous Nicotiana benthamiana UGTs (NbUGT73A24 and NbUGT73A25), orthologues of pathogen-induced tobacco UGT (TOGT) from Nicotiana tabacum, which is involved in the hypersensitive reaction. While in N. tabacum, TOGT glucosylated scopoletin after treatment with salicylate, fungal elicitors and the tobacco mosaic virus, NbUGT73A24 and NbUGT73A25 produced glucosides of phytoalexin N-feruloyl tyramine, which may strengthen cell walls to prevent the intrusion of pathogens, and flavonols after agroinfiltration of the corresponding genes in N. benthamiana. Enzymatic glucosylation of fractions of a physiological aglycone library confirmed the biological substrates of UGTs. In addition, overexpression of both genes in N. benthamiana produced clear lesions on the leaves and led to a significantly reduced content of pathogen-induced plant metabolites such as phenylalanine and tryptophan. Our results revealed some additional biological functions of TOGT enzymes and indicated a multifunctional role of UGTs in plant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Sun
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Strebl
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Maximilian Merz
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Robert Blamberg
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Fong-Chin Huang
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Kate McGraphery
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hoffmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
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19
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Kainer D, Padovan A, Degenhardt J, Krause S, Mondal P, Foley WJ, Külheim C. High marker density GWAS provides novel insights into the genomic architecture of terpene oil yield in Eucalyptus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1489-1504. [PMID: 31066055 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoid-based essential oils are economically important commodities, yet beyond their biosynthetic pathways, little is known about the genetic architecture of terpene oil yield from plants. Transport, storage, evaporative loss, transcriptional regulation and precursor competition may be important contributors to this complex trait. Here, we associate 2.39 million single nucleotide polymorphisms derived from shallow whole-genome sequencing of 468 Eucalyptus polybractea individuals with 12 traits related to the overall terpene yield, eight direct measures of terpene concentration and four biomass-related traits. Our results show that in addition to terpene biosynthesis, development of secretory cavities, where terpenes are both synthesized and stored, and transport of terpenes were important components of terpene yield. For sesquiterpene concentrations, the availability of precursors in the cytosol was important. Candidate terpene synthase genes for the production of 1,8-cineole and α-pinene, and β-pinene (which comprised > 80% of the total terpenes) were functionally characterized as a 1,8-cineole synthase and a β/α-pinene synthase. Our results provide novel insights into the genomic architecture of terpene yield and we provide candidate genes for breeding or engineering of crops for biofuels or the production of industrially valuable terpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kainer
- Center for BioEnergy Innovation, Bioscience Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratories, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Amanda Padovan
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- CSIRO, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Joerg Degenhardt
- Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Sandra Krause
- Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Prodyut Mondal
- Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - William J Foley
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Carsten Külheim
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
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20
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Novel biotechnological glucosylation of high-impact aroma chemicals, 3(2H)- and 2(5H)-furanones. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10943. [PMID: 31358872 PMCID: PMC6662797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosyltransferases are versatile biocatalysts to chemically modify small molecules and thus enhance their water solubility and structural stability. Although the genomes of all organisms harbor a multitude of glucosyltransferase genes, their functional characterization is hampered by the lack of high-throughput in-vivo systems to rapidly test the versatility of the encoded proteins. We have developed and applied a high-throughput whole cell biotransformation system to screen a plant glucosyltransferase library. As proof of principle, we identified 25, 24, 15, and 18 biocatalysts transferring D-glucose to sotolone, maple furanone, furaneol and homofuraneol, four highly appreciated flavor compounds, respectively. Although these 3(2H)- and 2(5H)-furanones have extremely low odor thresholds their glucosides were odorless. Upscaling of the biotechnological process yielded titers of 5.3 and 7.2 g/L for the new to nature β-D-glucopyranosides of sotolone and maple furanone, respectively. Consequently, plant glucosyltransferase show stunning catalytic activities, which enable the economical production of novel and unexplored chemicals with exciting new functionalities by whole-cell biotransformation.
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21
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Improving an Escherichia coli-based biocatalyst for terpenol glycosylation by variation of the expression system. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 46:1129-1138. [PMID: 31062116 PMCID: PMC7088306 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Glycosides are becoming increasingly more relevant for various industries as low-cost whole-cell-biocatalysts are now available for the manufacture of glycosides. However, there is still a need to optimize the biocatalysts. The aim of this work was to increase the titre of terpenyl glucosides in biotransformation assays with E. coli expressing VvGT14ao, a glycosyltransferase gene from grape (Vitis vinifera). Seven expression plasmids differing in the resistance gene, origin of replication, promoter sequence, and fusion protein tag were generated and transformed into four different E. coli expression strains, resulting in 18 strains that were tested for glycosylation efficiency with terpenols and a phenol. E. coli BL21(DE3)/pET-SUMO_VvGT14ao yielded the highest titres. The product concentration was improved 8.6-fold compared with E. coli BL21(DE3)pLysS/pET29a_VvGT14ao. The selection of a small solubility-enhancing protein tag and exploitation of the T7 polymerase-induction system allowed the formation of increased levels of functional recombinant protein, thereby improving the performance of the whole-cell biocatalyst.
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22
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Wu B, Cao X, Liu H, Zhu C, Klee H, Zhang B, Chen K. UDP-glucosyltransferase PpUGT85A2 controls volatile glycosylation in peach. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:925-936. [PMID: 30481327 PMCID: PMC6363097 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The monoterpene linalool is a major contributor to aroma and flavor in peach (Prunus persica) fruit. It accumulates during fruit ripening, where up to ~40% of the compound is present in a non-volatile glycosylated form, which affects flavor quality and consumer perception by retronasal perception during tasting. Despite the importance of this sequestration to flavor, the UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) responsible for linalool glycosylation has not been identified in peach. UGT gene expression during peach fruit ripening and among different peach cultivars was analyzed using RNA sequencing, and transcripts correlated with linalyl-β-d-glucoside were selected as candidates for functional analysis. Kinetic resolution of a racemic mixture of R,S-linalool was shown for PpUGT85A2, with a slight preference for S-(+)-linalool. PpUGT85A2 was shown to catalyze synthesis of linalyl-β-d-glucoside in vitro, although it did not exhibit the highest enzyme activity between tested substrates. Subcellular localization of PpUGT85A2 in the cytoplasm and nucleus was detected. Application of linalool to peach leaf disks promoted PpUGT85A2 expression and linalyl-β-d-glucoside generation. Transient expression in peach fruit and stable overexpression in tobacco and Arabidopsis resulted in significant accumulation of linalyl-β-d-glucoside in vivo. Taken together, the results indicate that PpUGT85A2 expression is a major control point predicting linalyl-β-d-glucoside content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boping Wu
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiangmei Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Hongru Liu
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Changqing Zhu
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Harry Klee
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- Horticultural Sciences, Plant Innovation Center, Genetic Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- Correspondence:
| | - Kunsong Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
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23
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Lemmerer M, Mairhofer J, Lepak A, Longus K, Hahn R, Nidetzky B. Decoupling of recombinant protein production from Escherichia coli cell growth enhances functional expression of plant Leloir glycosyltransferases. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:1259-1268. [PMID: 30659592 PMCID: PMC6767175 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sugar nucleotide‐dependent (Leloir) glycosyltransferases from plants are important catalysts for the glycosylation of small molecules and natural products. Limitations on their applicability for biocatalytic synthesis arise because of low protein expression (≤10 mg/L culture) in standard microbial hosts. Here, we showed two representative glycosyltransferases: sucrose synthase from soybean and UGT71A15 from apple. A synthetic biology‐based strategy of decoupling the enzyme expression from the
Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cell growth was effective in enhancing their individual (approximately fivefold) or combined (approximately twofold) production as correctly folded, biologically active proteins. The approach entails a synthetic host cell, which is able to shut down the production of host messenger RNA by inhibition of the
E. coli RNA polymerase. Overexpression of the enzyme(s) of interest is induced by the orthogonal T7 RNA polymerase. Shutting down of the host RNA polymerase is achieved by
l‐arabinose‐inducible expression of the T7 phage‐derived Gp2 protein from a genome‐integrated site. The glycosyltransferase genes are encoded on conventional pET‐based expression plasmids that allow T7 RNA polymerase‐driven inducible expression by isopropyl‐β‐
d‐galactoside. Laboratory batch and scaled‐up (20 L) fed‐batch bioreactor cultivations demonstrated improvements in an overall yield of active enzyme by up to 12‐fold as a result of production under growth‐decoupled conditions. In batch culture, sucrose synthase and UGT71A15 were obtained, respectively, at 115 and 2.30 U/g cell dry weight, corresponding to ∼5 and ∼1% of total intracellular protein. Fed‐batch production gave sucrose synthase in a yield of 2,300 U/L of culture (830 mg protein/L). Analyzing the isolated glycosyltransferase, we showed that the improvement in the enzyme production was due to the enhancement of both yield (5.3‐fold) and quality (2.3‐fold) of the soluble sucrose synthase. Enzyme preparation from the decoupled production comprised an increased portion (61% compared with 26%) of the active sucrose synthase homotetramer. In summary, therefore, we showed that the expression in growth‐arrested
E. coli is promising for recombinant production of plant Leloir glycosyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander Lepak
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Longus
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rainer Hahn
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
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24
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Takahashi K, Terauchi I, Ono M, Satoh H, Ueda M. Microbial production of neryl-α-D-glucopyranoside from nerol by Agrobacterium sp. M-12 reflects glucosyl transfer activity. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:2205-2211. [PMID: 30185110 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1514250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Terpene alcohol is widely used in perfumes and is known to possess antibacterial activity. Moreover, in its glycosylated form, it can be applied as a nonionic surfactant in food, and in the pharmaceutical, chemical, cosmetic, and detergent industries. Presently, chemical production of terpene glucosides is hampered by high costs and low yields. Here, we investigated the microbial glucosylation of nerol (cis-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol), a component of volatile oils, by Agrobacterium sp. M-12 isolated from soil. A microbial reaction using washed cells of Agrobacterium sp. M-12, 1 g/L of nerol, and 100 g/L of maltose under optimal conditions yielded 1.8 g/L of neryl-α-D-glucopyranoside after 72 h. The molar yield of neryl-α-D-glucopyranoside was 87.6%. Additionally, we report the successful transglucosylation of other monoterpene alcohols, such as geraniol, (-)-β-citronellol, and (-)-linalool, by Agrobacterium sp. M-12. Thus, microbial glucosylation has potential widespread applicability for efficient, low-cost production of glycosylated terpene alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marie Ono
- a Oyama National College of Technology , Oyama , Japan
| | | | - Makoto Ueda
- a Oyama National College of Technology , Oyama , Japan
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Bio-mediated generation of food flavors – Towards sustainable flavor production inspired by nature. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Nidetzky B, Gutmann A, Zhong C. Leloir Glycosyltransferases as Biocatalysts for Chemical Production. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Petersgasse 14, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Gutmann
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Chao Zhong
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Härtl K, Huang FC, Giri AP, Franz-Oberdorf K, Frotscher J, Shao Y, Hoffmann T, Schwab W. Glucosylation of Smoke-Derived Volatiles in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is Catalyzed by a Promiscuous Resveratrol/Guaiacol Glucosyltransferase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:5681-5689. [PMID: 28656763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Vinification of grapes (Vitis vinifera) exposed to forest fire smoke can yield unpalatable wine due to the presence of taint compounds from smoke and the release of smoke derived volatiles from their respective glycosides during the fermentation process or in-mouth during consumption. To identify glycosyltransferases (GTs) involved in the formation of glycosidically bound smoke-derived volatiles we performed gene expression analysis of candidate GTs in different grapevine tissues. Second, substrates derived from bushfire smoke or naturally occurring in grapes were screened with the candidate recombinant GTs. A resveratrol GT (UGT72B27) gene, highly expressed in grapevine leaves and berries was identified to be responsible for the production of the phenolic glucosides. UGT72B27 converted the stilbene trans-resveratrol mainly to the 3-O-glucoside. Kinetic analyses yielded specificity constants (kcat/KM) of 114, 17, 9, 8, and 2 mM-1 s-1 for guaiacol, trans-resveratrol, syringol, methylsyringol, and methylguaiacol, respectively. This knowledge will help to design strategies for managing the risk of producing smoke-affected wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Härtl
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München , Liesel-Beckmann-Strasse 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Fong-Chin Huang
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München , Liesel-Beckmann-Strasse 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Ashok P Giri
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München , Liesel-Beckmann-Strasse 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411 008 Maharashtra, India
| | - Katrin Franz-Oberdorf
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München , Liesel-Beckmann-Strasse 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Johanna Frotscher
- Geisenheim University , Department of Grapevine Breeding, Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Yang Shao
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München , Liesel-Beckmann-Strasse 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hoffmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München , Liesel-Beckmann-Strasse 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München , Liesel-Beckmann-Strasse 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Fischer T, Adamski H, Schwab W. Niedermolekulare Glukoside als aktivierbare Aromastoffe. CHEM UNSERER ZEIT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.201790025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Wu B, Gao L, Gao J, Xu Y, Liu H, Cao X, Zhang B, Chen K. Genome-Wide Identification, Expression Patterns, and Functional Analysis of UDP Glycosyltransferase Family in Peach ( Prunus persica L. Batsch). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:389. [PMID: 28382047 PMCID: PMC5360731 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) is a commercial grown fruit trees, important because of its essential nutrients and flavor promoting secondary metabolites. The glycosylation processes mediated by UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) play an important role in regulating secondary metabolites availability. Identification and characterization of peach UGTs is therefore a research priority. A total of 168 peach UGT genes that distributed unevenly across chromosomes were identified based on their conserved PSPG motifs. Phylogenetic analysis of these genes with plant UGTs clustered them into 16 groups (A-P). Comparison of the patterns of intron-extron and their positions within genes revealed one highly conserved intron insertion event in peach UGTs. Tissue specificity, temporal expression patterns in peach fruit during development and ripening, and in response to abiotic stress UV-B irradiation was investigated using RNA-seq strategy. The relationship between UGTs transcript levels and concentrations of glycosylated volatiles was examined to select candidates for functional analysis. Heterologous expressing these candidate genes in Escherichia coli identified UGTs that were involved in the in vitro volatile glycosylation. Our results provide an important source for the identification of functional UGT genes to potential manipulate secondary biosynthesis in peach.
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Dewitte G, Walmagh M, Diricks M, Lepak A, Gutmann A, Nidetzky B, Desmet T. Screening of recombinant glycosyltransferases reveals the broad acceptor specificity of stevia UGT-76G1. J Biotechnol 2016; 233:49-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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