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Proteomic profiling reveals neuronal ion channel dysregulation and cellular responses to DNA damage-induced cell cycle arrest and senescence in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells exposed to cypermethrin. Neurotoxicology 2022; 93:71-83. [PMID: 36063984 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cypermethrin (CYP), a synthetic pyrethroid of class II, is widely used as a pesticide worldwide. The primary target of cypermethrin is a voltage-gated sodium channel. The neurotoxicity of CYP has been extensively studied in terms of affecting neuronal development, increasing cellular oxidative stress, and apoptosis. However, little is known about how it affects the expression of channel proteins involved in synaptic transmission, as well as the effects of cypermethrin on DNA damage and cell cycle processes. We found that the ligand and voltage-gated calcium channels and proteins involved in synaptic transmission including NMDA 1 receptor subunit, alpha 1A-voltage-dependent calcium channel, synaptotagmin-17, and synaptojanin-2 were downregulated in CYP-treated cells. After 48h of CYP exposure, cell viability was reduced with flattened and enlarged morphology. The levels of 23 proteins regulating cell cycle processes were altered in CYP-treated cells, according to a proteomic study. The cell cycle analysis showed elevated G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and DNA fragmentation at the sub-G0 stage after CYP exposure. CYP treatment also increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase positive cells, DNA damage, and apoptotic markers. Taken together, the current study showed that cypermethrin exposure caused DNA damage and hastened cellular senescence and apoptosis via disrupting cell cycle regulation. In addition, despite its primary target sodium channel, CYP might cause synaptic dysfunction via the downregulation of synaptic proteins and dysregulation of synapse-associated ion channels.
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2
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Baruah P, Chaurasia N. Ecotoxicological effects of alpha-cypermethrin on freshwater alga Chlorella sp.: Growth inhibition and oxidative stress studies. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 76:103347. [PMID: 32058321 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-cypermethrin (ACy) is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide commonly used in agricultural practices for controlling a broad range of insect pests particularly belonging to the order Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. The present study aims to evaluate the toxic effect of ACy on microalgae by studying its influence on Chlorella sp. According to our knowledge, this is the first detailed study of ACy toxicity on microalgae. Significant growth inhibition of Chlorella sp. was observed at high ACy concentration (6-48 mg L-1) during the entire 96 h bioassay. The 96 h median effective concentration (EC50) of ACy was estimated to be 11.00 mg L-1. Flow cytometry analysis showed an enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular lipid accumulation after 96 h exposure to 11.00 mg L-1 of ACy. Further, the same ACy concentration showed a significant decrease in photosynthetic pigment content and an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in Chlorella sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithu Baruah
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Neha Chaurasia
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India.
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3
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Barrón Cuenca J, Tirado N, Barral J, Ali I, Levi M, Stenius U, Berglund M, Dreij K. Increased levels of genotoxic damage in a Bolivian agricultural population exposed to mixtures of pesticides. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 695:133942. [PMID: 31756860 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
During the past decades, farmers in low to middle-income countries have increased their use of pesticides, and thereby the risk of being exposed to potentially genotoxic chemicals that can cause adverse health effects. Here, the aim was to investigate the correlation between exposure to pesticides and genotoxic damage in a Bolivian agricultural population. Genotoxic effects were assessed in peripheral blood samples by comet and micronucleus (MN) assays, and exposure levels by measurements of 10 urinary pesticide metabolites. Genetic susceptibility was assessed by determination of null frequency of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes. The results showed higher MN frequency in women and farmers active ≥8 years compared to their counterpart (P < 0.05). In addition, age, GST genotype, alcohol consumption, and type of water source influenced levels of genotoxic damage. Individuals with high exposure to tebuconazole, 2,4-D, or cyfluthrin displayed increased levels of genotoxic damage (P < 0.05-0.001). Logistic regression was conducted to evaluate associations between pesticide exposure and risk of genotoxic damage. After adjustment for confounders, a significant increased risk of DNA strand breaks was found for high exposure to 2,4-D, odds ratio (OR) = 1.99 (P < 0.05). In contrast, high exposure to pyrethroids was associated with a reduced risk of DNA strand breaks, OR = 0.49 (P < 0.05). It was also found that high exposure to certain mixtures of pesticides (containing mainly 2,4-D or cyfluthrin) was significantly associated with increased level and risk of genotoxic damage (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our data show that high exposure levels to some pesticides is associated with an increased risk of genotoxic damage among Bolivian farmers, suggesting that their use should be better controlled or limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessika Barrón Cuenca
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Genetic Institute, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Saavedra Av. 2246 Miraflores, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Noemí Tirado
- Genetic Institute, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Saavedra Av. 2246 Miraflores, La Paz, Bolivia.
| | - Josue Barral
- Genetic Institute, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Saavedra Av. 2246 Miraflores, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Imran Ali
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Levi
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Metals and Health, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulla Stenius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marika Berglund
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristian Dreij
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Bhatt P, Huang Y, Zhan H, Chen S. Insight Into Microbial Applications for the Biodegradation of Pyrethroid Insecticides. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1778. [PMID: 31428072 PMCID: PMC6687851 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrethroids are broad-spectrum insecticides and presence of chiral carbon differentiates among various forms of pyrethroids. Microbial approaches have emerged as a popular solution to counter pyrethroid toxicity to marine life and mammals. Bacterial and fungal strains can effectively degrade pyrethroids into non-toxic compounds. Different strains of bacteria and fungi such as Bacillus spp., Raoultella ornithinolytica, Psudomonas flourescens, Brevibacterium sp., Acinetobactor sp., Aspergillus sp., Candida sp., Trichoderma sp., and Candia spp., are used for the biodegradation of pyrethroids. Hydrolysis of ester bond by enzyme esterase/carboxyl esterase is the initial step in pyrethroid biodegradation. Esterase is found in bacteria, fungi, insect and mammalian liver microsome cells that indicates its hydrolysis ability in living cells. Biodegradation pattern and detected metabolites reveal microbial consumption of pyrethroids as carbon and nitrogen source. In this review, we aim to explore pyrethroid degrading strains, enzymes and metabolites produced by microbial strains. This review paper covers in-depth knowledge of pyrethroids and recommends possible solutions to minimize their environmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Aiassa DE, Mañas FJ, Gentile NE, Bosch B, Salinero MC, Gorla NBM. Evaluation of genetic damage in pesticides applicators from the province of Córdoba, Argentina. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:20981-20988. [PMID: 31115805 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05344-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The impact evaluation of pesticide exposure is conducted using combined data from biomonitoring and environmental monitoring. Damage to the human genome is, probably, the leading cause of chronic-degenerative disorders, reproductive toxicology, and developmental problems. Although the general population is exposed to pesticides, workers in the agrochemical industry and farmers represent a high-risk group due to the occupational and environmental exposure. The aim of this study is to determine whether occupational exposure to agrochemicals in Córdoba (Argentina) constitute a factor of genotoxic damage. The study was conducted in 30 pesticide applicators from the province of Córdoba. Chromosomal aberrations (CAs), micronuclei (MN), and comet assays (CO) were performed. The current study shows that occupational exposure to pesticides increases values of CAs, MN, and DNA fragmentation biomarkers, all indicators of damage to the genetic material. Evidence suggests that chronic exposure to pesticides is a potential risk to workers health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia E Aiassa
- GeMA, Department of Natural Sciences, National University of Río Cuarto, National Road N° 36, km 601., X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Fernando J Mañas
- GeMA, Department of Natural Sciences, National University of Río Cuarto, National Road N° 36, km 601., X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Department of Animal Clinic, National University of Río Cuarto, National Road N° 36, km 601., X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Natalia E Gentile
- GeMA, Department of Natural Sciences, National University of Río Cuarto, National Road N° 36, km 601., X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Bosch
- GeMA, Department of Natural Sciences, National University of Río Cuarto, National Road N° 36, km 601., X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María C Salinero
- GeMA, Department of Natural Sciences, National University of Río Cuarto, National Road N° 36, km 601., X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nora B M Gorla
- CONICET. GENAR, University Juan Agustín Maza, South Side of the East Access 2245, 5519, Mendoza, Argentina
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Navarrete-Meneses MDP, Pérez-Vera P. Pyrethroid pesticide exposure and hematological cancer: epidemiological, biological and molecular evidence. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2019; 34:197-210. [PMID: 30903760 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2018-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides are commonly used worldwide. The chronic effects of these compounds are of concern given that epidemiological studies have suggested an association with hematological cancer, particularly in children. However, the biological evidence at molecular and cellular levels is limited. A review on the molecular and cellular effects of pyrethroids is helpful to guide the study of the biological plausibility of the association of pyrethroids with hematological cancer. We reviewed studies suggesting that pyrethroids are genotoxic, induce genetic rearrangements, alter gene expression and modify DNA. All of these biological modifications could potentially contribute to the carcinogenic process in hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Pilar Navarrete-Meneses
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Human Genetics Department, National Pediatrics Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Pérez-Vera
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Human Genetics Department, National Pediatrics Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
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7
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Household exposure to pesticides and risk of leukemia in children and adolescents: Updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2019; 222:49-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Yang Y, Liu W, Wang J, Zhang Y, Xu W, Tao L. The different effects of natural pyrethrins and beta-cypermethrin on human hepatocyte QSG7701 cells by ROS-mediated oxidative damage. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:24230-24240. [PMID: 29948706 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With the widespread use of natural pyrethrins and pyrethroids to defend pest insects, people had the sustained interest in the potential risk to environment and human health. However, the research about natural pyrethrins and beta-cypermethrin induction of cytotoxicity is still seldom. This study is about the cytotoxic effects of these on human non-target cells in vitro. The cytotoxic effect of natural pyrethrins and beta-cypermethrin on QSG7701 cells were researched by using various bioassays in vitro. The results suggested that with the natural pyrethrin concentration increased, the viability of QSG7701 cells were inhibited increasingly, and the IC50 value as calculated was approximately 42.54 and 18.68 μg/mL after the cells were treated 24 and 48 h. The proliferative potential of QSG7701 cells treated with 40 μg/mL natural pyrethrins 6 and 12 h was decreased by 67.44 and 94.74%, dramatic enhancement ROS, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA exhibit severity of impairment, and chromatin DNA condensation. However, beta-cypermethrin has lower toxicity than natural pyrethrins. The IC50 values of beta-cypermethrin were all > 80 μg/mL, and the colony formation expression was decreased by 15.26 and 19.09%, which implied that natural pyrethrins are more significantly cytotoxic and potentially genotoxic to human hepatocyte cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Medicine Hospital Imaging Center, Wei fang traditional Chinese hospital, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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9
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Želježić D, Žunec S, Bjeliš M, Benković V, Mladinić M, Lovaković Tariba B, Pavičić I, Marjanović Čermak AM, Kašuba V, Milić M, Pizent A, Lucić Vrdoljak A, Kopjar N. Effects of the chloro-s-triazine herbicide terbuthylazine on DNA integrity in human and mouse cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:19065-19081. [PMID: 29721798 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Terbuthylazine belongs to the chloro-s-triazine group of herbicides and acts primarily as a photosynthesis inhibitor. The mechanisms of action related to its exposure, relevant both in animals and humans, are still insufficiently investigated. This comprehensive study focused on the outcomes of terbuthylazine exposure at cell level in vitro, and a mice model in vivo. Experiments in vitro were conducted on whole human peripheral blood, isolated lymphocytes, and HepG2 cells exposed for 4 h to terbuthylazine at 8.00, 0.80, and 0.58 ng/mL, which is comparable with current reference values set by the European Commission in 2011. Terbuthylazine cytotoxicity was evaluated using dual fluorescent staining with ethidium bromide and acridine orange on lymphocytes, and CCK-8 colorimetric assay on HepG2 cells. The levels of DNA damage were measured using alkaline and hOGG1-modified comet assays. The potency of terbuthlyazine regarding induction of oxidative stress in vitro was studied using a battery of standard oxidative stress biomarkers. The in vivo experiment was conducted on Swiss albino mice exposed to terbuthlyazine in the form of an active substance and its formulated commercial product Radazin TZ-50 at a daily dose of 0.0035 mg/kg bw for 14 days. Following exposure, the DNA damage levels in leukocytes, bone marrow, liver, and kidney cells of the treated mice were measured using an alkaline comet assay. In vitro results suggested low terbuthylazine cytotoxicity in non-target cells. The highest tested concentration (8.00 ng/mL) reduced lymphocyte viability by 15%, mostly due to apoptosis, while cytotoxic effects in HepG2 cells at the same concentration were negligible. Acute in vitro exposure of human lymphocytes and HepG2 cells to terbuthylazine resulted in low-level DNA instability, as detected by the alkaline comet assay. Further characterization of the mechanisms behind the DNA damage obtained using the hOGG1-modified comet assay indicated that oxidative DNA damage did not prevail in the overall damage. This was further confirmed by the measured levels of oxidative stress markers, which were mostly comparable to control. Results obtained in mice indicate that both the active substance and formulated commercial product of terbuthylazine produced DNA instability in all of the studied cell types. We found that DNA in liver and kidney cells was more prone to direct toxic effects of the parent compound and its metabolites than DNA in leukocytes and bone marrow cells. The overall findings suggest the formation of reactive terbuthylazine metabolites capable of inducing DNA cross-links, which hinder DNA migration. These effects were most pronounced in liver cells in vivo and HepG2 cells in vitro. To provide a more accurate explanation of the observed effects, additional research is needed. Nevertheless, the present study provides evidence that terbuthylazine at concentrations comparable with current reference values possesses toxicological risk because it caused low-level DNA instability, both at cellular and animal organism level, which should be further established in forthcoming studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Želježić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suzana Žunec
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Bjeliš
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Benković
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Blanka Lovaković Tariba
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Pavičić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Vilena Kašuba
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Milić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alica Pizent
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Lucić Vrdoljak
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Ferré DM, Quero AAM, Hernández AF, Hynes V, Tornello MJ, Lüders C, Gorla NBM. Potential risks of dietary exposure to chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin from their use in fruit/vegetable crops and beef cattle productions. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:292. [PMID: 29671119 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6647-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The active ingredients (a.i.) used as pesticides vary across regions. Diet represents the main source of chronic exposure to these chemicals. The aim of this study was to look at the pesticides applied in fruit, vegetable, and beef cattle productions in Mendoza (Argentina), to identify those that were simultaneously used by the three production systems. Local individuals (n = 160), involved in these productions, were interviewed. Glyphosate was the a.i. most often used by fruit-vegetable producers, and ivermectin by beef cattle producers. Chlorpyrifos (CPF) and cypermethrin (CYP) were the only a.i. used by the three production systems. The survey revealed that CPF, CYP, alpha CYP, and CPF+CYP were used by 22, 16, 4, and 20% of the fruit and vegetable producers, respectively. Regarding beef cattle, CYP was used by 90% of producers, CYP + CPF formulation by 8%, and alpha CYP by 2%. The second approach of this study was to search the occurrence of CYP and CPF residues in food commodities analyzed under the National Plan for Residue Control (2012-2015). CYP residues found above the LOD were reported in 4.0% and CPF in 13.4% of the vegetable samples tested, as well as in 1.2 and 28.8%, respectively, of the fruit samples tested. Regarding beef cattle, CYP residues were reported in 2.3% and organophosphates (as a general pesticide class) in 13.5% of samples tested. In conclusion, consumers may be exposed simultaneously to CPF and CYP, from fruits, vegetables, and beef intake. Accordingly, the policy for pesticide residues in food and human risk assessment should account for the combined exposure to CPF and CYP. Moreover, appropriate toxicological studies of this mixture (including genotoxicity) are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Ferré
- Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Lateral Sur de Av. Acceso Este, Guaymallén, Mendoza, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - Arnoldo A M Quero
- Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Lateral Sur de Av. Acceso Este, Guaymallén, Mendoza, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Avda. de la Investigación, 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Valentina Hynes
- Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Lateral Sur de Av. Acceso Este, Guaymallén, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Marcelo J Tornello
- Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Lateral Sur de Av. Acceso Este, Guaymallén, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Carlos Lüders
- Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega, 02950, Temuco, Chile
| | - Nora B M Gorla
- Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Lateral Sur de Av. Acceso Este, Guaymallén, Mendoza, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina.
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11
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Calderón-Segura ME, Gómez-Arroyo S, Cortés-Eslava J, Martínez-Valenzuela C, Mojica-Vázquez LH, Sosa-López M, Flores-Ramírez D, Romero-Velázquez ZE. In vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Furia®180 SC (zeta-cypermethrin) and Bulldock 125®SC (β-cyfluthrin) pyrethroid insecticides in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Toxicol Mech Methods 2018; 28:268-278. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1402977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Calderón-Segura
- Genotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Sandra Gómez-Arroyo
- Genotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Josefina Cortés-Eslava
- Genotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Humberto Mojica-Vázquez
- Genotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Magdiel Sosa-López
- Genotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Diana Flores-Ramírez
- Genotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Zaira Edtih Romero-Velázquez
- Genotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
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12
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Ruiz-Guzmán JA, Gómez-Corrales P, Cruz-Esquivel Á, Marrugo-Negrete JL. Cytogenetic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of children exposed to pesticides in agricultural areas of the department of Cordoba, Colombia. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2017; 824:25-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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13
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Liu Q, Lei Z, Zhu F, Ihsan A, Wang X, Yuan Z. A Novel Strategy to Predict Carcinogenicity of Antiparasitics Based on a Combination of DNA Lesions and Bacterial Mutagenicity Tests. Front Public Health 2017; 5:288. [PMID: 29170735 PMCID: PMC5684118 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity testing of pharmaceuticals prior to commercialization is requested by regulatory agencies. The bacterial mutagenicity test was considered having the highest accuracy of carcinogenic prediction. However, some evidences suggest that it always results in false-positive responses when the bacterial mutagenicity test is used to predict carcinogenicity. Along with major changes made to the International Committee on Harmonization guidance on genotoxicity testing [S2 (R1)], the old data (especially the cytotgenetic data) may not meet current guidelines. This review provides a compendium of retrievable results of genotoxicity and animal carcinogenicity of 136 antiparasitics. Neither genotoxicity nor carcinogenicity data is available for 84 (61.8%), while 52 (38.2%) have been evaluated in at least one genotoxicity or carcinogenicity study, and only 20 (14.7%) in both genotoxicity and carcinogenicity studies. Among 33 antiparasitics with at least one old result in in vitro genotoxicity, 15 (45.5%) are in agreement with the current ICH S2 (R1) guidance for data acceptance. Compared with other genotoxicity assays, the DNA lesions can significantly increase the accuracy of prediction of carcinogenicity. Together, a combination of DNA lesion and bacterial tests is a more accurate way to predict carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Liu
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixin Lei
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
| | - Awais Ihsan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Xu Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, China
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, China
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Tariba Lovaković B, Pizent A, Kašuba V, Kopjar N, Micek V, Mendaš G, Dvoršćak M, Mikolić A, Milić M, Žunec S, Lucić Vrdoljak A, Želježić D. Effects of sub-chronic exposure to terbuthylazine on DNA damage, oxidative stress and parent compound/metabolite levels in adult male rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 108:93-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
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15
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Želježić D, Mladinić M, Žunec S, Lucić Vrdoljak A, Kašuba V, Tariba B, Živković T, Marjanović AM, Pavičić I, Milić M, Rozgaj R, Kopjar N. Cytotoxic, genotoxic and biochemical markers of insecticide toxicity evaluated in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and an HepG2 cell line. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 96:90-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Okonko L, Ikpeme E, Udensi O. Genotoxic Effect of Chlorpyrifos and Cypermethrin in Albino Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/rjmutag.2016.31.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Muangphra P, Sengsai S, Gooneratne R. Earthworm biomarker responses on exposure to commercial cypermethrin. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:597-606. [PMID: 24376091 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide used worldwide in agriculture, home pest control, disease vector control, and food safety. It accumulates in soil. Therefore, traces of cypermethrin may frequently appear in vegetables grown in contaminated soil. There is a push now to develop biomarkers as early warning indicators of environmental pollution. In this study, DNA damage (tail DNA%, tail length, and olive tail moment), the micronucleus, neutral red retention (NRR) time, and pinocytic adherence ability of coelomocytes were investigated in Pheretima peguana earthworms exposed to cypermethrin in filter paper tests. The NRR time of earthworm coelomocytes decreased significantly at a concentration of 3.5 × 10(-3) µg · cm(-2) (1/100 LC50 ) after 48 h exposure, with a highly negative correlation with cypermethrin concentration. Pinocytic adherence ability of coelomocytes also declined significantly at a cypermethrin concentration of 3.5 × 10(-2) µg · cm(-2) (1/10 LC50 ). The DNA damage to earthworm coelomocytes (tail DNA%, tail length, and olive tail moment) increased considerably at the highest concentration (3.5 × 10(-1) µg · cm(-2) ) although the correlation between tail DNA% and cypermethrin concentration was low. Thus, physiological biomarkers were more sensitive than the genotoxic effects in earthworms exposed to commercial cypermethrin. Although a suite of earthworm biomarkers could be used to evaluate cypermethrin terrestrial pollution, the NRR test is easier to conduct and a more sensitive indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ptumporn Muangphra
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
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Kasimoglu C, Uysal H. Mutagenic biomonitoring of pirethroid insecticides in human lymphocyte cultures: use of micronuclei as biomarkers and recovery by Rosa canina extracts of mutagenic effects. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:625-629. [PMID: 25330814 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.935865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Insecticides are used to control pests. Cypermethrin and fenvalerate are widely used pirethroid insecticides in the world. Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae) is used as a traditional medicinal plant against viral infections and disorders of the kidneys and urinary tract due to its high vitamin C level. OBJECTIVE The genotoxic effects of cypermethrin and fenvalerate were examined with the micronucleus (MN) test. Then, we determined the ability of the water (RC(wtr)) and ethanol (RC(eta)) extracts of rosehip (R. canina) to overcome the possible genotoxic effects of the insecticides. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preliminary studies determined that the application concentrations were 20, 30, 40, and 50 ppm for cypermethrin, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm for fenvalerate, and 100 ppm for rosehip extracts. DMSO (dimethyl sulphoxide) (1%) and 1 mM EMS (ethyl methanesulfonate) were used as negative and positive control groups, respectively. The application groups belonging to insecticides and plant extracts were added to culture tubes including chromosome B medium and peripheral blood for MN test. RESULTS The MN frequencies were found 0.725 in the negative control group, 2.700 in the positive control groups, 1.275 in the highest application group of cypermethrin, and 1.600 in the highest application group of fenvalerate. The MN frequencies in cypermethrin + RC(wtr), cypermethrin + RC(eta), fenvalerate + RC(wtr), and fenvalerate + RC(eta) application groups were, respectively, determined as 1.000, 1.075, 1.225, and 1.275. CONCLUSION According to the results, cypermethrin and fenvalerate have genotoxic effects, the water and ethanol extracts of rosehip reduced the genotoxicity of the both insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caner Kasimoglu
- Institute of Science, Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey and
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Almeida TFA, Lauton Santos S, Nicomedes UL, Brito-Melo GE, Rocha-Vieira E. The in vitro exposure to cypermethrin does not inhibit the proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Drug Chem Toxicol 2015; 39:53-8. [PMID: 25826182 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2015.1022897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of in vitro exposure to cypermethrin on peripheral blood mononuclear cells proliferative response, considering reduced peripheral blood mononuclear cells proliferative response observed in individuals occupationally exposed to pyrethroids. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from 21 healthy subjects (28.0 ± 9.0 years old). The effect of cypermethrin (at 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 mg/ml) on cell viability was evaluated by flow cytometry using an apoptosis detection kit. Cell proliferation (PI) was evaluated by 5-(and 6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) fluorescence decay using flow cytometry. Cells labeled with CFSE were exposed, in vitro, to cypermethrin (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 2.5 and 4 μg/ml) and stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA 1.0 or 5.0 μg/ml) for 5 d (37 °C, 5% CO2). The in vitro treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with cypermethrin did not induce apoptosis or necrosis after 5 d in culture. Stimulation by PHA induced cell proliferation (PI = 1.29 ± 1.09 and 2.01 ± 0.62, PHA at 1.0 and 5.0 μg/ml, respectively, mean ± SD) and in vitro exposure to cypermethrin did not alter cellular proliferative response to PHA (PI = 1.80 ± 0.50, 2.60 ± 0.05 and 2.10 ± 1.20 for cypermethrin at 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml, respectively, and PHA at 5.0 μg/ml). In vitro treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with cypermethrin, at the doses tested, does not affect cell viability or proliferation. These findings suggest that the reduction of proliferation observed on lymphocytes derived from individuals occupationally exposed to pesticides may be related to other mechanisms than direct action of cypermethrin on lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ulisses Lara Nicomedes
- a Laboratory of Immunology , Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, UFVJM , Diamantina , Brazil
| | - Gustavo Eustáquio Brito-Melo
- a Laboratory of Immunology , Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, UFVJM , Diamantina , Brazil .,c Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, UFVJM , Diamantina , Brazil
| | - Etel Rocha-Vieira
- a Laboratory of Immunology , Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, UFVJM , Diamantina , Brazil .,c Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, UFVJM , Diamantina , Brazil
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Ramos-Chavez LA, Sordo M, Calderon-Aranda E, Castañeda-Saucedo E, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Moreno-Godinez ME. A permethrin/allethrin mixture induces genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2015; 78:7-14. [PMID: 25424543 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2015.956025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two pyrethroids, permethrin and allethrin, are often combined for large-scale use in public health programs to control vector-borne diseases. In this study, the genotoxic potential of a commercial formulation of permethrin and allethrin was examined using cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Genotoxicity was evaluated using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN cyt) assay by measuring the frequency of micronuclei (MN), nuclear division index (NDI), formation of nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB) and nuclear buds (NBUD), as well as apoptotic and necrotic cells. Human PBL were treated with different concentrations of a permethrin/allethrin mixture (1/0.01, 5/0.07, and 10/0.14 μg/ml) for 24 or 36 h. The highest concentration (10/0.14 μg/ml) of permethrin/allethrin mixture significantly increased MN frequency and percent apoptotic cells after incubations for 24 or 36 h. The NDI was markedly decreased in response to treatment with 5/0.07 or 10/0.14 μg/ml permethrin/allethrin for both 24 and 36 h. Exposure to the permethrin/allethrin mixture did not significantly alter formation of NBUD, NPB, or percent necrotic cells. The MN frequency was significantly correlated with the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells but inversely correlated with NDI. Data demonstrated that a mixture of permethrin and allethrin induced concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxic and genotoxic damage to human PBL in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio A Ramos-Chavez
- a Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero , Guerrero , México
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Norizadeh Tazehkand M, Topaktas M. Thein vitrogenotoxic and cytotoxic effects of remeron on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2014; 38:266-71. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2014.947425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Ahmadi F, Ghanbari K. Proposed model for binding of permethrin and deltamethrin insecticides with ct-DNA, a structural comparative study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 106:136-145. [PMID: 24836888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the interaction of two synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, permethrin (PER) and deltamethrin (DEL), with ct-DNA has been studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), circular dichroism (CD), competitive fluorescence, atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-vis spectroscopy, thermodynamic measurements, Fourier-transform infra-red (FT-IR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and two-layered ONIOM (our N-layered integrated molecular orbital+molecular mechanics) (DFT B3LYP, 6-31++G(d, p):UFF) molecular modeling methods. The last four methods were also utilized to study the binding of DEL with DNA. The results revealed that the PER may interact through partial intercalation and groove binding process while the PER only interacts through groove binding. Finally, the insecticides structure effect on interaction is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ahmadi
- Novel Drug Delivery Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67145-1673, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67145-1673, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - K Ghanbari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azad University of Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67145-1673, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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23
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Gene–environment interactions in heavy metal and pesticide carcinogenesis. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 760:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Sevindik N, Rencuzogullari E. The genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of Salvia fruticosa leaf extract in human blood lymphocytes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2013; 37:295-302. [PMID: 24224704 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2013.851689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of Salvia fruticosa (Sf) leaf extract with the absence and presence of S9 mix using sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosome aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) formation test systems in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBLs) that were treated with 1.5-, 3.0- and 6.0-µL/mL concentrations for 24- and 48-hour treatment periods. The cytotoxicity of Sf leaf extract was also investigated by calculating the mitotic index (MI), proliferation index (PI) and nuclear division index (NDI). In the absence of S9 mix, Sf leaf extract alone increased SCE frequency at the 48-hour treatment period; however, it induced the CA and MN at all concentrations and at all treatment periods. Sf plus MMC (mitomycin C) synergically induced SCE and CA, except the highest concentration of Sf leaf extract and MMC on induction of SCE. In addition, Sf leaf extract induced the effect of MMC on MN frequency for 24 hours, but it significantly decreased the effect of MMC on MN frequency for the 48-hour treatment period. Sf leaf extract showed a cytotoxic effect by decreasing the MI; however, it did not decrease the PI and NDI. In the presence of S9 mix, Sf leaf extract did not increase the SCE, when compared to solvent control, whereas it reduced the effect of cyclophosphamide (Cyp). Sf leaf extract induced the CA and MN, but could not increase the effect of Cyp on CA and MN formation. Sf leaf extract had no cytotoxic effect; however, it induced the cytotoxicity of Cyp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadire Sevindik
- Deparment of Biology, Natural and Applied Science Institute, Çukurova University , Adana , Turkey and
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25
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Costa C, Rapisarda V, Catania S, Di Nola C, Ledda C, Fenga C. Cytokine patterns in greenhouse workers occupationally exposed to α-cypermethrin: an observational study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 36:796-800. [PMID: 23958972 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The immunotoxicity of the synthetic pyrethroid α-cypermethrin (αCYP) was assessed in 30 occupationally exposed greenhouse workers and 30 non-exposed controls by comparing plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, TNF-α, TNF-β and INF-γ. Urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid was used as an exposure biomarker. Exposed workers showed neither clinical signs of immunosuppression nor alterations in total leukocytes or leukocyte subpopulations, whereas significant differences (p<0.05) were found for IL-12p70 and highly significant differences (p<0.001) for INF-γ, IL-2 and IL-8, which are involved in antitumor immunity and response to infection. Proinflammatory cytokines IL-2, IL-8, IL-12p70 and IFN-γ play a significant role against infection and cancer. We report the first data on the ability of αCYP to reduce proinflammatory cytokine levels in an exposed healthy human population. Findings support the hypothesis that pyrethroid exposure may reduce host defenses against infection and cancer, particularly in subjects with impaired immune capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Costa
- Department of Environment, Safety, Territory, Food and Health Sciences, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, Policlinico G. Martino, pad. H-via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy.
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Vesin A, Glorennec P, Le Bot B, Wortham H, Bonvallot N, Quivet E. Transfluthrin indoor air concentration and inhalation exposure during application of electric vaporizers. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2013; 60:1-6. [PMID: 23973617 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Different household insecticide applications via two electric vaporizers emitting transfluthrin were realized in a full-scale experimental room under controlled air exchange rate conditions. On-line high-time resolved measurements of the gas-phase concentrations of the active substance during and immediately after the spreading periods were performed with a High Sensitivity Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometer (HS-PTR-MS). Experimental and modelled data from the ConsExpo 4.0 software were also compared to evaluate the sources of differences. Different application scenarios were also compared. Averaged inhaled concentrations over 1h, 1week, and 5months were estimated to be 8.3, 1.8, and 1.8μg.m(-3), respectively. Corresponding margins of exposures range from 1000 to 10,000, claiming for the absence of effect. Dermal and dust ingestion pathways, although roughly estimated, seems being non-negligible. This claims for a more in-depth integrated risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Vesin
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LCE, FRE 3416, 13331 Marseille, France
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27
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Muranli FDG. Genotoxic and cytotoxic evaluation of pyrethroid insecticides λ-cyhalothrin and α-cypermethrin on human blood lymphocyte culture. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 90:357-363. [PMID: 23229297 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-012-0909-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the genotoxic, cytotoxic and aneugenic effects of 1, 2, 3.75, 7.5, 15, 30 μM concentrations of the insecticides λ-cyhalothrin (LCT) and α-cypermethrin (CYP) on human peripheral blood lymphocyte culture using micronucleus (MN) and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) methods. All the concentrations were tested to assess the MN and apoptosis effects, and 1 and 2 μM LCT and 7.5 and 15 μM CYP concentrations were tested for FISH analysis. The cytotoxic effect was also observed using trypan blue and the acridine orange/ethidium bromide fluorescence staining method to measure the apoptotic effect. It was observed that both of the insecticides had a cytotoxic effect at all the concentrations (p ≤ 0.001) and apoptotic effect for LCT at 15-30 μM (p ≤ 0.05; p ≤ 0.01) for CYP between 2 and 30 μM concentrations (p ≤ 0.05; p ≤ 0.01). The micronuclei that developed after exposure were induced because of an aneugenic effect (p ≤ 0.001). LCT and CYP might be spindle poisons or caused damaged to centromere/kinetochore function.
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28
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Deltamethrin-induced genotoxicity and testicular injury in rats: Comparison with biopesticide. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3421-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Singh AK, Tiwari MN, Prakash O, Singh MP. A current review of cypermethrin-induced neurotoxicity and nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Curr Neuropharmacol 2012; 10:64-71. [PMID: 22942879 PMCID: PMC3286848 DOI: 10.2174/157015912799362779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cypermethrin, a class II pyrethroid pesticide, is used to control insects in the household and agricultural fields. Despite beneficial roles, its uncontrolled and repetitive applications lead to unintended effects in non-target organisms. Cypermethrin crosses the blood-brain barrier and induces neurotoxicity and motor deficits. Cypermethrin prolongs the opening of sodium channel, a major site of its action, leading to hyper-excitation of the central nervous system. In addition to sodium channel, cypermethrin modulates chloride, voltage-gated calcium and potassium channels, alters the activity of glutamate and acetylcholine receptors and adenosine triphosphatases and induces DNA damage and oxidative stress in the neuronal cells. Cypermethrin also modulates the level of neurotransmitters, including gamma-aminobutyric acid and dopamine. It is one of the most commonly used pesticides in neurotoxicology research not only because of its variable responses depending upon the doses, time and routes of exposure and strain, age, gender and species of animals used across multiple studies but also owing to its ability to induce the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration. This article describes the effect of acute, chronic, developmental and adulthood exposures to cypermethrin in experimental animals. The article sheds light on cypermethrin-induced changes in the central nervous system, including its contribution in the onset of specific features, which are associated with the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Resemblances and dissimilarities of cypermethrin-induced nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration with sporadic and chemicals-induced disease models along with its advantages and pitfalls are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Singh
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), M. G. Marg, Post Box - 80, Lucknow - 226 001, India Varanasi - 221 005, India
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George J, Shukla Y. Pesticides and cancer: Insights into toxicoproteomic-based findings. J Proteomics 2011; 74:2713-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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George J, Srivastava AK, Singh R, Shukla Y. Retracted: Cypermethrin exposure leads to regulation of proteins expression involved in neoplastic transformation in mouse skin. Proteomics 2011; 11:4411-21. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine George
- Proteomics Laboratory, CSIR‐Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar Srivastava
- Proteomics Laboratory, CSIR‐Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Richa Singh
- Proteomics Laboratory, CSIR‐Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yogeshwer Shukla
- Proteomics Laboratory, CSIR‐Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Wang H, Wang SF, Ning H, Ji YL, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Yu T, Ma XH, Zhao XF, Wang Q, Liu P, Meng XH, Xu DX. Maternal cypermethrin exposure during lactation impairs testicular development and spermatogenesis in male mouse offspring. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2011; 26:382-394. [PMID: 20131380 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 12/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Within the last decade, numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated that endocrine disruptors are a possible cause for a decline in semen quality. Cypermethrin is a widely used pyrethroid insecticide, but little is known about its potentially adverse effects on male reproduction. In the present study, we investigated the effects of maternal cypermethrin exposure during lactation on testicular development and spermatogenesis in male offspring. Maternal mice were administered with cypermethrin (25 mg/kg) by gavage daily from postnatal day 0 (PND0) to PND21. Results showed that the weight of testes at PND21 was significantly decreased in pups whose mothers were exposed to cypermethrin during lactation. Maternal cypermethrin exposure during lactation markedly decreased the layers of spermatogenic cells, increased the inside diameter of seminiferous tubules, and disturbed the array of spermatogenic cells in testes of pups at PND21. In addition, maternal cypermethrin exposure during lactation markedly reduced mRNA and protein levels of testicular P450scc, a testosterone (T) synthetic enzyme. Correspondingly, the level of serum and testicular T at weaning was significantly decreased in pups whose mothers were exposed to cypermethrin during lactation. Although the expression of testicular T synthetic enzymes and serum and testicular T in adulthood had restored to control level, the decreased testicular weight and histological changes were irreversible. Importantly, the number of spermatozoa was significantly decreased in adult male offspring whose mothers were exposed to cypermethrin during lactation. In conclusion, maternal cypermethrin exposure during lactation permanently impairs testicular development and spermatogenesis in male offspring, whereas cypermethrin-induced endocrine disruption is reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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Hematological, Biochemical Effects, and Self-reported Symptoms in Pesticide Retailers. J Occup Environ Med 2011; 53:517-21. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e318215fbf2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Kirkland D, Reeve L, Gatehouse D, Vanparys P. A core in vitro genotoxicity battery comprising the Ames test plus the in vitro micronucleus test is sufficient to detect rodent carcinogens and in vivo genotoxins. Mutat Res 2011; 721:27-73. [PMID: 21238603 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In vitro genotoxicity testing needs to include tests in both bacterial and mammalian cells, and be able to detect gene mutations, chromosomal damage and aneuploidy. This may be achieved by a combination of the Ames test (detects gene mutations) and the in vitro micronucleus test (MNvit), since the latter detects both chromosomal aberrations and aneuploidy. In this paper we therefore present an analysis of an existing database of rodent carcinogens and a new database of in vivo genotoxins in terms of the in vitro genotoxicity tests needed to detect their in vivo activity. Published in vitro data from at least one test system (most were from the Ames test) were available for 557 carcinogens and 405 in vivo genotoxins. Because there are fewer publications on the MNvit than for other mammalian cell tests, and because the concordance between the MNvit and the in vitro chromosomal aberration (CAvit) test is so high for clastogenic activity, positive results in the CAvit test were taken as indicative of a positive result in the MNvit where there were no, or only inadequate data for the latter. Also, because Hprt and Tk loci both detect gene-mutation activity, a positive Hprt test was taken as indicative of a mouse-lymphoma Tk assay (MLA)-positive, where there were no data for the latter. Almost all of the 962 rodent carcinogens and in vivo genotoxins were detected by an in vitro battery comprising Ames+MNvit. An additional 11 carcinogens and six in vivo genotoxins would apparently be detected by the MLA, but many of these had not been tested in the MNvit or CAvit tests. Only four chemicals emerge as potentially being more readily detected in MLA than in Ames+MNvit--benzyl acetate, toluene, morphine and thiabendazole--and none of these are convincing cases to argue for the inclusion of the MLA in addition to Ames+MNvit. Thus, there is no convincing evidence that any genotoxic rodent carcinogens or in vivo genotoxins would remain undetected in an in vitro test battery consisting of Ames+MNvit.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kirkland
- Kirkland Consulting, PO Box 79, Tadcaster LS24 0AS, United Kingdom.
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Kocaman AY, Topaktaş M. Genotoxic effects of a particular mixture of acetamiprid and alpha-cypermethrin on chromosome aberration, sister chromatid exchange, and micronucleus formation in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2010; 25:157-168. [PMID: 19319990 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The genotoxic effects of a particular mixture of acetamiprid (Acm, neonicotinoid insecticide) and alpha-cypermethrin (alpha-cyp, pyrethroid insecticide) on human peripheral lymphocytes were examined in vitro by chromosomal aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchange (SCE), and micronucleus (MN) tests. The human peripheral lymphocytes were treated with 12.5 + 2.5, 15 + 5, 17.5 + 7.5, and 20 + 10 microg/mL of Acm+alpha-cyp, respectively, for 24 and 48 h. The mixture of Acm+alpha-cyp induced the CAs and SCEs at all concentrations and treatment times when compared with both the control and solvent control and these increases were concentration-dependent in both treatment times. MN formation was significantly induced at 12.5 + 2.5, 15 + 5, 17.5 + 7.5, microg/mL of Acm+alpha-cyp when compared with both controls although these increases were not concentration-dependent. Binuclear cells could not be detected sufficiently in the highest concentration of the mixture (20 + 10 microg/mL) for both the 24- and 48-h treatment times. Mitotic index (MI), proliferation index (PI) and nuclear division index (NDI) significantly decreased because of the cytotoxic and cytostatic effects of the mixture, at all concentrations for two treatment periods. Significant decreases in MI and PI were concentration dependent at both treatment times. The decrease in NDI was also concentration-dependent at 48-h treatment period. In general, Acm+alpha-cyp inhibited nuclear division more than positive control, mitomycin C (MMC) and showed a higher cytostatic effect than MMC. Furthermore, in this article, the results of combined effects of Acm+alpha-cyp were compared with the results of single effects of Acm or alpha-cyp (Kocaman and Topaktas,2007,2009, respectively). In conclusion, the particular mixture of Acm+alpha-cyp synergistically induced the genotoxicity/cytotoxicity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Yavuz Kocaman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
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Cypermethrin exposure during puberty disrupts testosterone synthesis via downregulating StAR in mouse testes. Arch Toxicol 2009; 84:53-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-009-0479-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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