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Silva MAP, Figueiredo DBS, de Carvalho LR, Braz LG, Braz MG. Modulation of gene expression and influence of gene polymorphisms related to genotoxicity and redox status on occupational exposure to inhaled anesthetics. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 256:114307. [PMID: 38065035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of inhalational anesthetics contributes to both indoor and outdoor (environmental) pollution. The influence of genetic susceptibility on DNA damage and oxidative stress and the possible modulation of gene expression have not yet been investigated upon occupational exposure to waste anesthetic gases (WAGs). This study assessed 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) gene expression, which are related to oxidized DNA repair and antioxidant capacity, respectively, and the influence of their polymorphisms (OGG1 rs1052133 and SOD2 rs4880) in 100 professionals highly exposed to WAGs and 93 unexposed volunteers (control group). Additionally, X-ray repair cross complementing 1 (XRCC1 rs25487 and rs1799782) and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM rs600931) gene polymorphisms as well as genetic instability (micronucleus-MN and nuclear bud-NBUD) and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde-MDA and ferric reducing antioxidant power-FRAP) biomarkers were assessed in the groups (control and exposed) and in the subgroups of the exposed group according to job occupation (anesthesiologists versus surgeons/technicians). Except for the ATM TT controls (associated with increased FRAP), there were no influences of OGG1, XRCC1, ATM, and SOD2 polymorphisms on MN, NBUD, MDA, and FRAP values in exposed or control subjects. No significant difference in the expression of either gene evaluated (OGG1 and SOD2) was found between the exposed and control groups. Increased OGG1 expression was observed among OGG1 -/Cys individuals only in the control group. Among the exposed group, anesthesiologists had a greater duration of WAG exposure (both h/week and years) than surgeons/technicians, which was associated with increased MDA and decreased antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and SOD2 expression (redox status). Higher expression of OGG1 was found in -/Cys surgeons/technicians than in anesthesiologists with the same genotype. Increased antioxidant capacity was noted in the surgeons/technicians carrying the ATM T allele and in those carrying XRCC1 -/Gln. Increased MN was influenced by OGG1 -/Cys in surgeons/technicians. Anesthesiologists with ATM CC exhibited increased MN, and those carrying the C allele (CC/CT genotype) exhibited increased NBUD. SOD2 polymorphism did not seem to be relevant for WAG exposure. These findings contribute to advancing the knowledge on genetic susceptibility/gene expression/genetic instability/oxidative stress, including differences in job occupation considering the workload, in response to occupational exposure to WAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane A P Silva
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Medical School, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Drielle B S Figueiredo
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Medical School, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Lídia R de Carvalho
- Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Leandro G Braz
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Medical School, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Mariana G Braz
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Medical School, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.
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Lestari MI, Murti K, Liberty IA, Hafy Z, Linardi V, Khoirudin M, Umar TP. Waste anesthetic gases have a significant association with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 2,732 participants. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19988. [PMID: 37810053 PMCID: PMC10559673 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Operating room workers are at risk of experiencing adverse effects due to occupational exposure to waste anesthetic gases (WAGs). One of the consequences of long-term WAGs exposure is the probability of developing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. This systematic review investigated the link between WAGs and DNA damage in operating room workers. Methods PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest, Scopus, and EbscoHost, as well as hand-searching, were used to find literature on the relationship between WAGs and DNA damage. Three independent reviewers independently assessed the study's quality. Meta-analysis was conducted for several DNA damage indicators, such as comet assay (DNA damage score, tail's length, tail's DNA percentage), micronuclei formation, and total chromosomal aberration. Results This systematic review included 29 eligible studies (2732 participants). The majority of the studies used a cross-sectional design. From our meta-analysis, which compared the extent of DNA damage in operating room workers to the unexposed group, operating room workers exposed to WAGs had a significantly higher DNA damage indicator, including DNA damage score, comet tail's length, comet tail's DNA percentage, micronuclei formation, and total chromosomal aberration (p < 0.05) than non-exposed group. Conclusion Waste anesthetic gases have been found to significantly impact DNA damage indicators in operating room personnel, including comet assay, micronuclei development, and chromosomal aberration. To reduce the impact of exposure, hospital and operating room personnel should take preventive measures, such as by adapting scavenger method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayang Indah Lestari
- Doctoral Study Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Dr. RSUP. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang, RS. Siti Fatimah, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Krisna Murti
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya-RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Iche Andriyani Liberty
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Zen Hafy
- Doctoral Study Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Violantina Linardi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Khoirudin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Tungki Pratama Umar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
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Figueiredo DBS, Aun AG, Souza KM, Nishimoto IH, Silva MAP, de Carvalho LR, Braz LG, Braz MG. High anesthetic (isoflurane) indoor pollution is associated with genetic instability, cytotoxicity, and proliferative alterations in professionals working in a veterinary hospital. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:71774-71784. [PMID: 35606583 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study to monitor anesthetic pollution in veterinary operating rooms (VOR) and assess the toxicological impact of the inhalational anesthetic isoflurane (exposed group) compared to matched volunteers (control group). DNA damage was evaluated in mononuclear cells by the comet assay while genetic instability (including micronucleus-MN), cell proliferation, and cell death markers were assessed by the buccal MN cytome assay. Residual isoflurane concentrations in VOR (air monitoring) lacking the scavenging system were assessed by infrared spectrophotometry; the mean concentration was 11 ppm (≥ 5 times above the international recommended threshold). Comet assay results did not differ between groups; however, both younger exposed professionals (with higher week workload) compared to older individuals exposed for the same period and older professionals with greater time of exposure (years) compared to those in the same age group with fewer years of exposure presented higher DNA damage. The exposed group had a higher frequency of MN, nuclear buds, binucleated cells, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis and a lower frequency of basal cells than the control group. Exposed women were more vulnerable to genetic instability and proliferative index; exposed men presented more cytotoxicity. High WAG exposure has deleterious effects on exposed professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drielle B S Figueiredo
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Aline G Aun
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Kátina M Souza
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Igor H Nishimoto
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Mariane A P Silva
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Lídia R de Carvalho
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 250, Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, Botucatu, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Leandro G Braz
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Mariana G Braz
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, 18618-687, Brazil.
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Arbo MD, Garcia SC, Sarpa M, Da Silva Junior FM, Nascimento SN, Garcia ALH, Da Silva J. Brazilian workers occupationally exposed to different toxic agents: A systematic review on DNA damage. MUTATION RESEARCH/GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 879-880:503519. [PMID: 35914865 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of genotoxicity in workers exposed to different toxic agents is very important, especially considering the association between these exposures in a chronic context and DNA damage. Assessing biomarkers of exposure and, when possible, early biomarkers of effect, contributes to elucidating the potential toxic mechanisms involved in genotoxicity and its contribution to chronic non-communicable diseases. In Brazil, the biggest country in South America, workers are exposed to hazardous physical and chemical agents. Considering that these exposures occur, in most cases, throughout the worker's whole life, this is an important public health concern in Brazil. Therefore, this systematic review aims to analyze occupational exposure to chemical and physical agents and the association with DNA damage in studies carried out in Brazil from 1980 to 2021. A systematic and comprehensive literature search was performed in different databases based on occupational exposure to chemical and physical agents and DNA damage. Only full articles on studies that investigated experimental evidence on occupational exposure in Brazil and assessed DNA damage were included, amounting to 89 articles. Five main occupational exposure groups were identified: pesticides (36%), organic solvents (20%), dust and particles (16%), metals (11%), and ionizing radiation (6%). Another group called "others" included studies (11%) that did not fall into these main groups. It was found that comet assay and micronucleus tests are the most adopted methods to detect DNA damage. Occupational exposures were most associated with DNA damage. However, further improvements in study design would be needed to better characterize the association between biomonitoring and DNA damage, particularly to account for confounding factors.
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Kahl VFS, da Silva J. Inorganic elements in occupational settings: A review on the effects on telomere length and biology. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2021; 872:503418. [PMID: 34798938 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have shown that telomere crisis is highly affected by external factors. Effects of human exposure to xenobiotics on telomere length (TL), particularly in their workplace, have been largely studied. TL has been shown to be an efficient biomarker in occupational risk assessment. This is the first review focusing on studies about the effects on TL from occupational exposures to metals (lead [Pb] and mixtures), and particulate matter (PM) related to inorganic elements. Data from 15 studies were evaluated regarding occupational exposure to metals and PM-associated inorganic elements and impact on TL. Potential complementary analyses and subjects' background (age, length of employment and gender) were also assessed. There was limited information on the correlations between work length and TL dynamics, and that was also true for the correlation between age and TL. Results indicated that TL is affected differently across the types of occupational exposure investigated in this review, and even within the same exposure, a variety of effects can be observed. Fifty-three percent of the studies observed decreased TL in occupational exposure among welding fumes, open-cast coal mine, Pb and PM industries workers. Two studies focused particularly on the levels of metals and association with TL, and both linear and non-linear associations were found. Interestingly, TL modifications were accompanied by increase in DNA damage in 7 out of 8 studies that investigated it, measured either by Cytokinesis-block Micronucleus Assay or Comet assay. Five studies also investigated oxidative stress parameters, and 4 of them found increased levels of oxidative damage along with TL impairment. Oxidative stress is one of the main mechanisms by which telomeres are affected due to their high guanine content. Our review highlights the need of further studies accessing TL in simultaneous occupational exposure to mixtures of xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian F Silva Kahl
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia; Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Post Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil, Av Farroupilha 8001, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, 92425-900, Brazil; LaSalle University (UniLaSalle), Av Victor Barreto 2288, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, 92010-000, Brazil.
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Bolzán AD. Mutagen-induced telomere instability in human cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2021; 868-869:503387. [PMID: 34454696 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Telomere instability is one of the main sources of genome instability and may result from chromosome end loss (due to chromosome breakage at one or both ends) or, more frequently, telomere dysfunction. Dysfunctional telomeres arise when they lose their end-capping function or become critically short, which causes chromosomal termini to behave like a DNA double-strand break. Telomere instability may occur at the chromosomal or at the molecular level, giving rise, respectively, to telomere-related chromosomal aberrations or the loss or modification of any of the components of the telomere (telomere DNA, telomere-associated proteins, or telomere RNA). Since telomeres play a fundamental role in maintaining genome stability, the study of telomere instability in cells exposed to mutagens is of great importance to understand the telomere-driven genomic instability present in those cells. In the present review, we will focus on the current knowledge about telomere instability induced by physical, chemical, and biological mutagens in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro D Bolzán
- Laboratorio de Citogenética y Mutagénesis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE, CONICET-CICPBA-UNLP), calle 526 y Camino General Belgrano, B1906APO La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, calle 60 y 122, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Souza KM, De Vivo I, Chen CY, Nogueira FR, Aun AG, Arruda NM, Lara JR, Silva MAP, Figueiredo DBS, Corrêa CR, de Carvalho LR, Braz JRC, Braz LG, Braz MG. Oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation and gene expression in occupationally exposed university hospital anesthesia providers. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2021; 62:155-164. [PMID: 33341964 DOI: 10.1002/em.22420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Considering the importance and lack of data of toxicogenomic approaches on occupational exposure to anesthetics, we evaluated possible associations between waste anesthetic gases (WAGs) exposure and biological effects including oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation, and transcriptional modulation. The exposed group was constituted by anesthesia providers who were mainly exposed to the anesthetics sevoflurane and isoflurane (10 ppm) and to a lesser degree to nitrous oxide (150 ppm), and the control group was constituted by physicians who had no exposure to WAGs. The oxidative stress markers included oxidized DNA bases (comet assay), malondialdehyde (high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC]), nitric oxide metabolites (ozone-chemiluminescence), and antioxidative markers, including individual antioxidants (HPLC) and antioxidant defense marker (ferric reducing antioxidant power by spectrophotometry). The inflammatory markers included high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (chemiluminescent immunoassay) and the proinflammatory interleukins IL-6, IL-8 and IL-17A (flow cytometry). Telomere length and gene expression related to DNA repair (hOGG1 and XRCC1), antioxidant defense (NRF2) and inflammation (IL6, IL8 and IL17A) were evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. No significant differences (p > .0025) between the groups were observed for any parameter evaluated. Thus, under the conditions of the study, the findings suggest that occupational exposure to WAGs is not associated with oxidative stress or inflammation when evaluated in serum/plasma, with DNA damage evaluated in lymphocytes and leucocytes or with molecular modulation assessed in peripheral blood cells in university anesthesia providers. However, it is prudent to reduce WAGs exposure and to increase biomonitoring of all occupationally exposed professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chung-Yen Chen
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA), Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Aline Garcia Aun
- Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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