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Chand Dakal T, Choudhary K, Tiwari I, Yadav V, Kumar Maurya P, Kumar Sharma N. Unraveling the Triad: Hypoxia, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Neuroscience 2024; 552:126-141. [PMID: 38936458 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian brain's complete dependence on oxygen for ATP production makes it highly susceptible to hypoxia, at high altitudes or in clinical scenarios including anemia or pulmonary disease. Hypoxia plays a crucial role in the development of various brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and other age-related neurodegenerative diseases. On the other hand, a decrease in environmental oxygen levels, such as prolonged stays at high elevations, may have beneficial impacts on the process of ageing and the likelihood of death. Additionally, the utilization of controlled hypoxia exposure could potentially serve as a therapeutic approach for age-related brain diseases. Recent findings indicate that the involvement of HIF-1α and the NLRP3 inflammasome is of significant importance in the development of Alzheimer's disease. HIF-1α serves as a pivotal controller of various cellular reactions to oxygen deprivation, exerting influence on a multitude of physiological mechanisms such as energy metabolism and inflammatory responses. The NLRP3 plays a crucial role in the innate immune system by coordinating the initiation of inflammatory reactions through the assembly of the inflammasome complex. This review examines the information pertaining to the contrasting effects of hypoxia on the brain, highlighting both its positive and deleterious effects and molecular pathways that are involved in mediating these different effects. This study explores potential strategies for therapeutic intervention that focus on restoring cellular balance and reducing neuroinflammation, which are critical aspects in addressing this severe neurodegenerative condition and addresses crucial inquiries that warrant further future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tikam Chand Dakal
- Genome and Computational Biology Lab, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kanika Choudhary
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Isha Tiwari
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vikas Yadav
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, India
| | - Narendra Kumar Sharma
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk 304022, Rajasthan, India.
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2
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Chlubek M, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Selected Functions and Disorders of Mitochondrial Metabolism under Lead Exposure. Cells 2024; 13:1182. [PMID: 39056765 PMCID: PMC11275214 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a fundamental role in the energy metabolism of eukaryotic cells. Numerous studies indicate lead (Pb) as a widely occurring environmental factor capable of disrupting oxidative metabolism by modulating the mitochondrial processes. The multitude of known molecular targets of Pb and its strong affinity for biochemical pathways involving divalent metals suggest that it may pose a health threat at any given dose. Changes in the bioenergetics of cells exposed to Pb have been repeatedly demonstrated in research, primarily showing a reduced ability to synthesize ATP. In addition, lead interferes with mitochondrial-mediated processes essential for maintaining homeostasis, such as apoptosis, mitophagy, mitochondrial dynamics, and the inflammatory response. This article describes selected aspects of mitochondrial metabolism in relation to potential mechanisms of energy metabolism disorders induced by Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
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Smadja DM. Extracellular Microvesicles vs. Mitochondria: Competing for the Top Spot in Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024:10.1007/s12015-024-10758-8. [PMID: 38976143 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine aims to restore, replace, and regenerate human cells, tissues, and organs. Despite significant advancements, many cell therapy trials for cardiovascular diseases face challenges like cell survival and immune compatibility, with benefits largely stemming from paracrine effects. Two promising therapeutic tools have been recently emerged in cardiovascular diseases: extracellular vesicles (EVs) and mitochondrial transfer. Concerning EVs, the first pivotal study with EV-enriched secretome derived from cardiovascular progenitor cells has been done treating heart failure. This first in man demonstrated the safety and feasibility of repeated intravenous infusions and highlighted significant clinical improvements, including enhanced cardiac function and reduced symptoms in heart failure patients. The second study uncovered a novel mechanism of endothelial regeneration through mitochondrial transfer via tunneling nanotubes (TNTs). This research showed that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) transfer mitochondria to endothelial cells, significantly enhancing their bioenergetics and vessel-forming capabilities. This mitochondrial transfer was crucial for endothelial cell engraftment and function, offering a new strategy for vascular regeneration without the need for additional cell types. Combining EV and mitochondrial strategies presents new clinical opportunities. These approaches could revolutionize regenerative medicine, offering new hope for treating cardiovascular and other degenerative diseases. Continued research and clinical trials will be crucial in optimizing these therapies, potentially leading to personalized medicine approaches that enhance patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Smadja
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Innovative Therapies in Hemostasis, Paris, F-75006, France.
- Hematology Department, AP-HP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Inserm UMR-S1140, 56 rue Leblanc, Paris, F-75015, France.
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4
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Costa RG, Conceição A, Matos CA, Nóbrega C. The polyglutamine protein ATXN2: from its molecular functions to its involvement in disease. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:415. [PMID: 38877004 PMCID: PMC11178924 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06812-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
A CAG repeat sequence in the ATXN2 gene encodes a polyglutamine (polyQ) tract within the ataxin-2 (ATXN2) protein, showcasing a complex landscape of functions that have been progressively unveiled over recent decades. Despite significant progresses in the field, a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms governed by ATXN2 remains elusive. This multifaceted protein emerges as a key player in RNA metabolism, stress granules dynamics, endocytosis, calcium signaling, and the regulation of the circadian rhythm. The CAG overexpansion within the ATXN2 gene produces a protein with an extended poly(Q) tract, inducing consequential alterations in conformational dynamics which confer a toxic gain and/or partial loss of function. Although overexpanded ATXN2 is predominantly linked to spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2), intermediate expansions are also implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and parkinsonism. While the molecular intricacies await full elucidation, SCA2 presents ATXN2-associated pathological features, encompassing autophagy impairment, RNA-mediated toxicity, heightened oxidative stress, and disruption of calcium homeostasis. Presently, SCA2 remains incurable, with patients reliant on symptomatic and supportive treatments. In the pursuit of therapeutic solutions, various studies have explored avenues ranging from pharmacological drugs to advanced therapies, including cell or gene-based approaches. These endeavours aim to address the root causes or counteract distinct pathological features of SCA2. This review is intended to provide an updated compendium of ATXN2 functions, delineate the associated pathological mechanisms, and present current perspectives on the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael G Costa
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Faro, Portugal.
- PhD program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve (UAlg), Faro, Portugal.
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve (UAlg), Faro, Portugal.
| | - André Conceição
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Faro, Portugal
- PhD program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve (UAlg), Faro, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve (UAlg), Faro, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos A Matos
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Faro, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve (UAlg), Faro, Portugal
| | - Clévio Nóbrega
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Faro, Portugal.
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve (UAlg), Faro, Portugal.
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Felipe Perez R, Mochi G, Khan A, Woodford M. Mitochondrial Chaperone Code: Just warming up. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:483-496. [PMID: 38763405 PMCID: PMC11153887 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
More than 99% of the mitochondrial proteome is encoded by the nucleus and requires refolding following import. Therefore, mitochondrial proteins require the coordinated action of molecular chaperones for their folding and activation. Several heat shock protein (Hsp) molecular chaperones, including members of the Hsp27, Hsp40/70, and Hsp90 families, as well as the chaperonin complex Hsp60/10 have an established role in mitochondrial protein import and folding. The "Chaperone Code" describes the regulation of chaperone activity by dynamic post-translational modifications; however, little is known about the post-translational regulation of mitochondrial chaperones. Dissecting the regulation of chaperone function is essential for understanding their differential regulation in pathogenic conditions and the potential development of efficacious therapeutic strategies. Here, we summarize the recent literature on post-translational regulation of mitochondrial chaperones, the consequences for mitochondrial function, and potential implications for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Felipe Perez
- Department of Urology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Gianna Mochi
- Department of Urology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Ariba Khan
- Department of Urology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Mark Woodford
- Department of Urology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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Tripathi U, Rosh I, Ben Ezer R, Nayak R, Hussein Y, Choudhary A, Djamus J, Manole A, Houlden H, Gage FH, Stern S. Upregulated ECM genes and increased synaptic activity in Parkinson's human DA neurons with PINK1/ PRKN mutations. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:103. [PMID: 38762512 PMCID: PMC11102563 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. Primary symptoms of PD arise with the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta, but PD also affects the hippocampus and cortex, usually in its later stage. Approximately 15% of PD cases are familial with a genetic mutation. Two of the most associated genes with autosomal recessive (AR) early-onset familial PD are PINK1 and PRKN. In vitro studies of these genetic mutations are needed to understand the neurophysiological changes in patients' neurons that may contribute to neurodegeneration. In this work, we generated and differentiated DA and hippocampal neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived from two patients with a double mutation in their PINK1 and PRKN (one homozygous and one heterozygous) genes and assessed their neurophysiology compared to two healthy controls. We showed that the synaptic activity of PD neurons generated from patients with the PINK1 and PRKN mutations is impaired in the hippocampus and dopaminergic neurons. Mutant dopaminergic neurons had enhanced excitatory post-synaptic activity. In addition, DA neurons with the homozygous mutation of PINK1 exhibited more pronounced electrophysiological differences compared to the control neurons. Signaling network analysis of RNA sequencing results revealed that Focal adhesion and ECM receptor pathway were the top two upregulated pathways in the mutant PD neurons. Our findings reveal that the phenotypes linked to PINK1 and PRKN mutations differ from those from other PD mutations, suggesting a unique interplay between these two mutations that drives different PD mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Tripathi
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Idan Rosh
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ran Ben Ezer
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ritu Nayak
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yara Hussein
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ashwani Choudhary
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jose Djamus
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Andreea Manole
- Laboratory of Genetics, Gage, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Henry Houlden
- UCL queen square institute of neurology, University College London, London, England
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, Gage, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shani Stern
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
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7
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Eldeeb MA, Bayne AN, Fallahi A, Goiran T, MacDougall EJ, Soumbasis A, Zorca CE, Tabah JJ, Thomas RA, Karpilovsky N, Mathur M, Durcan TM, Trempe JF, Fon EA. Tom20 gates PINK1 activity and mediates its tethering of the TOM and TIM23 translocases upon mitochondrial stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313540121. [PMID: 38416681 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313540121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) cause autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). PINK1 is a Ser/Thr kinase that regulates mitochondrial quality control by triggering mitophagy mediated by the ubiquitin (Ub) ligase Parkin. Upon mitochondrial damage, PINK1 accumulates on the outer mitochondrial membrane forming a high-molecular-weight complex with the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM). PINK1 then phosphorylates Ub, which enables recruitment and activation of Parkin followed by autophagic clearance of the damaged mitochondrion. Thus, Parkin-dependent mitophagy hinges on the stable accumulation of PINK1 on the TOM complex. Yet, the mechanism linking mitochondrial stressors to PINK1 accumulation and whether the translocases of the inner membrane (TIMs) are also involved remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that mitochondrial stress induces the formation of a PINK1-TOM-TIM23 supercomplex in human cultured cell lines, dopamine neurons, and midbrain organoids. Moreover, we show that PINK1 is required to stably tether the TOM to TIM23 complexes in response to stress such that the supercomplex fails to accumulate in cells lacking PINK1. This tethering is dependent on an interaction between the PINK1 N-terminal-C-terminal extension module and the cytosolic domain of the Tom20 subunit of the TOM complex, the disruption of which, by either designer or PD-associated PINK1 mutations, inhibits downstream mitophagy. Together, the findings provide key insight into how PINK1 interfaces with the mitochondrial import machinery, with important implications for the mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control and PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Eldeeb
- McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Group, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Structural Genomics Consortium - Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Andrew N Bayne
- Structural Genomics Consortium - Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, Montréal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Armaan Fallahi
- McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Group, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Structural Genomics Consortium - Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Thomas Goiran
- McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Group, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Structural Genomics Consortium - Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Emma J MacDougall
- McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Group, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Structural Genomics Consortium - Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Andrea Soumbasis
- McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Group, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Structural Genomics Consortium - Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Cornelia E Zorca
- McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Group, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Structural Genomics Consortium - Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jace-Jones Tabah
- McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Group, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Structural Genomics Consortium - Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Rhalena A Thomas
- McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Group, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Structural Genomics Consortium - Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Nathan Karpilovsky
- McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Group, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Structural Genomics Consortium - Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Meghna Mathur
- McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Group, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Structural Genomics Consortium - Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Thomas M Durcan
- McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Group, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Structural Genomics Consortium - Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jean-François Trempe
- Structural Genomics Consortium - Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, Montréal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Edward A Fon
- McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Group, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Structural Genomics Consortium - Neuro, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
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Dhir R, Chauhan S, Subham P, Kumar S, Sharma P, Shidiki A, Kumar G. Plant-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles: unlocking their pharmacological potential-a comprehensive review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1324805. [PMID: 38264582 PMCID: PMC10803431 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1324805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent times, nanoparticles have experienced a significant upsurge in popularity, primarily owing to their minute size and their remarkable ability to modify physical, chemical, and biological properties. This burgeoning interest can be attributed to the expanding array of biomedical applications where nanoparticles find utility. These nanoparticles, typically ranging in size from 10 to 100 nm, exhibit diverse shapes, such as spherical, discoidal, and cylindrical configurations. These variations are not solely influenced by the manufacturing processes but are also intricately linked to interactions with surrounding stabilizing agents and initiators. Nanoparticles can be synthesized through physical or chemical methods, yet the biological approach emerges as the most sustainable and eco-friendly alternative among the three. Among the various nanoparticle types, silver nanoparticles have emerged as the most encountered and widely utilized due to their exceptional properties. What makes the synthesis of silver nanoparticles even more appealing is the application of plant-derived sources as reducing agents. This approach not only proves to be cost-effective but also significantly reduces the synthesis time. Notably, silver nanoparticles produced through plant-mediated processes have garnered considerable attention in recent years due to their notable medicinal capabilities. This comprehensive review primarily delves into the diverse medicinal attributes of silver nanoparticles synthesized using plant-mediated techniques. Encompassing antimicrobial properties, cytotoxicity, wound healing, larvicidal effects, anti-angiogenesis activity, antioxidant potential, and antiplasmodial activity, the paper extensively covers these multifaceted roles. Additionally, an endeavor is made to provide an elucidated summary of the operational mechanisms underlying the pharmacological actions of silver nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Dhir
- Department of Microbiology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Sakshi Chauhan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Praddiuman Subham
- Department of Microbiology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Saksham Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Pratham Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Amrullah Shidiki
- Department of Microbiology, National Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Birgunj, Nepal
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
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9
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Liu T, Wetzel L, Zhu Z, Kumaraguru P, Gorthi V, Yan Y, Bukhari MZ, Ermekbaeva A, Jeon H, Kee TR, Woo JAA, Kang DE. Disruption of Mitophagy Flux through the PARL-PINK1 Pathway by CHCHD10 Mutations or CHCHD10 Depletion. Cells 2023; 12:2781. [PMID: 38132101 PMCID: PMC10741529 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain-containing 10 (CHCHD10) is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein which is primarily mutated in the spectrum of familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Endogenous CHCHD10 levels decline in the brains of ALS-FTD patients, and the CHCHD10S59L mutation in Drosophila induces dominant toxicity together with PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), a protein critical for the induction of mitophagy. However, whether and how CHCHD10 variants regulate mitophagy flux in the mammalian brain is unknown. Here, we demonstrate through in vivo and in vitro models, as well as human FTD brain tissue, that ALS/FTD-linked CHCHD10 mutations (R15L and S59L) impair mitophagy flux and mitochondrial Parkin recruitment, whereas wild-type CHCHD10 (CHCHD10WT) normally enhances these measures. Specifically, we show that CHCHD10R15L and CHCHD10S59L mutations reduce PINK1 levels by increasing PARL activity, whereas CHCHD10WT produces the opposite results through its stronger interaction with PARL, suppressing its activity. Importantly, we also demonstrate that FTD brains with TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) pathology demonstrate disruption of the PARL-PINK1 pathway and that experimentally impairing mitophagy promotes TDP-43 aggregation. Thus, we provide herein new insights into the regulation of mitophagy and TDP-43 aggregation in the mammalian brain through the CHCHD10-PARL-PINK1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Liam Wetzel
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Zexi Zhu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Pavan Kumaraguru
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Viraj Gorthi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Center & Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Mohammed Zaheen Bukhari
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Center & Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Aizara Ermekbaeva
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Center & Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Hanna Jeon
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Teresa R. Kee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Center & Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Jung-A Alexa Woo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - David E. Kang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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10
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Sharma AK, El Andaloussi A, Ismail N. Evasion of host antioxidative response via disruption of NRF2 signaling in fatal Ehrlichia-induced liver injury. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011791. [PMID: 37956169 PMCID: PMC10681308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ehrlichia is Gram negative obligate intracellular bacterium that cause human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (HME). HME is characterized by acute liver damage and inflammation that may progress to fatal toxic shock. We previously showed that fatal ehrlichiosis is due to deleterious activation of inflammasome pathways, which causes excessive inflammation and liver injury. Mammalian cells have developed mechanisms to control oxidative stress via regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related 2 (NRF2) signaling. However, the contribution of NRF2 signaling to Ehrlichia-induced inflammasome activation and liver damage remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the contribution of NRF2 signaling in hepatocytes (HCs) to the pathogenesis of Ehrlichia-induced liver injury following infection with virulent Ixodes ovatus Ehrlichia (IOE, AKA E. japonica). Employing murine model of fatal ehrlichiosis, we found that virulent IOE inhibited NRF2 signaling in liver tissue of infected mice and in HCs as evidenced by downregulation of NRF2 expression, and downstream target GPX4, as well as decreased NRF2 nuclear translocation, a key step in NRF2 activation. This was associated with activation of non-canonical inflammasomes pathway marked by activation of caspase 11, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Mechanistically, treatment of IOE-infected HCs with the antioxidant 3H-1,2-Dithiole-3-Thione (D3T), that induces NRF2 activation, attenuated oxidative stress and caspase 11 activation, as well as restored cell viability. Importantly, treatment of IOE-infected mice with D3T resulted in attenuated liver pathology, decreased inflammation, enhanced bacterial clearance, prolonged survival, and resistance to fatal ehrlichiosis. Our study reveals, for the first time, that targeting anti-oxidative signaling pathway is a key approach in the treatment of severe and potential Ehrlichia-induced acute liver injury and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Abdeljabar El Andaloussi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- BioImmune Solutions Inc., 605–1355, Le Corbusier, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nahed Ismail
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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11
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Almeida EA, Mehndiratta M, Madhu SV, Kar R, Puri D. PINK1 and oxidative stress in lean and obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 2023; 37:108542. [PMID: 37354803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare mRNA [messenger RNA] expression of PINK1 in whole blood and the levels of biomarkers of Oxidative Stress (mitochondrial DNA [mtDNA] content & Total Antioxidant status [TAS]) in newly diagnosed lean and obese patients with T2DM. METHODS Newly diagnosed patients of T2DM were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into two groups of 30 patients each, lean (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) and obese (BMI > 25 kg/m2). mRNA expression of PINK1 & mtDNA content was measured by real time PCR. Serum TAS was measured using a commercially available kit. RESULTS There was a 1.78-fold decrease in mRNA expression of PINK1 in obese group compared to the lean group. Mean mtDNA content was 300.82 ± 169.66 in the obese group and 332.78 ± 147.07 in the lean group (p = 0.06). Mean levels of TAS was 5.39 ± 2.28 μM Trolox Equivalents in the obese group and 3.85 ± 3.33 μM Trolox Equivalents in the lean group (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION The T2DM patient with obesity had greater OS than the lean patients. Thus, there is a compensatory increase in antioxidants in obese patients with T2DM. Our findings also suggest that decreased levels of PINK1 in obese group are unable to protect the mitochondria against OS leading to decreased mtDNA content. Does it also result in beta cell dysfunction or contribute to insulin resistance in obese patients with T2DM needs to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edelbert Anthonio Almeida
- MD (Biochemistry), Senior Resident, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Mehndiratta
- MD (Biochemistry), Professor, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - S V Madhu
- DM (Endocrinology), Professor, Department of Endocrinology, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rajarshi Kar
- MD (Biochemistry), Professor, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Puri
- MD (Biochemistry), Director Professor and Head, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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12
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Mohylyak I, Bengochea M, Pascual-Caro C, Asfogo N, Fonseca-Topp S, Danda N, Atak ZK, De Waegeneer M, Plaçais PY, Preat T, Aerts S, Corti O, de Juan-Sanz J, Hassan BA. Developmental transcriptional control of mitochondrial homeostasis is required for activity-dependent synaptic connectivity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.11.544500. [PMID: 37333418 PMCID: PMC10274921 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.11.544500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
During neuronal circuit formation, local control of axonal organelles ensures proper synaptic connectivity. Whether this process is genetically encoded is unclear and if so, its developmental regulatory mechanisms remain to be identified. We hypothesized that developmental transcription factors regulate critical parameters of organelle homeostasis that contribute to circuit wiring. We combined cell type-specific transcriptomics with a genetic screen to discover such factors. We identified Telomeric Zinc finger-Associated Protein (TZAP) as a temporal developmental regulator of neuronal mitochondrial homeostasis genes, including Pink1 . In Drosophila , loss of dTzap function during visual circuit development leads to loss of activity-dependent synaptic connectivity, that can be rescued by Pink1 expression. At the cellular level, loss of dTzap/TZAP leads to defects in mitochondrial morphology, attenuated calcium uptake and reduced synaptic vesicle release in fly and mammalian neurons. Our findings highlight developmental transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis as a key factor in activity-dependent synaptic connectivity.
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13
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Mohan J, Ghazi T, Sibiya T, Chuturgoon AA. Antiretrovirals Promote Metabolic Syndrome through Mitochondrial Stress and Dysfunction: An In Vitro Study. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040580. [PMID: 37106780 PMCID: PMC10135454 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome MetS in HIV-infected patients on chronic antiretroviral (ARV) therapy continues to rise rapidly, with an estimated 21% experiencing insulin resistance. The progression of insulin resistance is strongly related to mitochondrial stress and dysfunction. This study aimed to draw links between the singular and combinational use of Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), Lamivudine (3TC), and Dolutegravir (DTG) on mitochondrial stress and dysfunction as an underlying mechanism for insulin resistance following a 120 h treatment period using an in vitro system of human liver cells (HepG2). The relative protein expressions of pNrf2, SOD2, CAT, PINK1, p62, SIRT3, and UCP2, were determined using Western blot. Transcript levels of PINK1 and p62 were assessed using quantitative PCR (qPCR). ATP concentrations were quantified using luminometry, and oxidative damage (malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration) was measured using spectrophotometry. The findings suggest that despite the activation of antioxidant responses (pNrf2, SOD2, CAT) and mitochondrial maintenance systems (PINK1 and p62) in selected singular and combinational treatments with ARVs, oxidative damage and reduced ATP production persisted. This was attributed to a significant suppression in mitochondrial stress responses SIRT3 and UCP2 for all treatments. Notable results were observed for combinational treatments with significant increases in pNrf2 (p = 0.0090), SOD2 (p = 0.0005), CAT (p = 0.0002), PINK1 (p = 0.0064), and p62 (p = 0.0228); followed by significant decreases in SIRT3 (p = 0.0003) and UCP2 (p = 0.0119) protein expression. Overall there were elevated levels of MDA (p = 0.0066) and decreased ATP production (p = 0.0017). In conclusion, ARVs induce mitochondrial stress and dysfunction, which may be closely associated with the progression of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jivanka Mohan
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Terisha Ghazi
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Thabani Sibiya
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Anil A Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
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14
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Iova OM, Marin GE, Lazar I, Stanescu I, Dogaru G, Nicula CA, Bulboacă AE. Nitric Oxide/Nitric Oxide Synthase System in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Disorders-An Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030753. [PMID: 36979000 PMCID: PMC10045816 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide, a ubiquitous molecule found throughout the natural world, is a key molecule implicated in many central and benefic molecular pathways and has a well-established role in the function of the central nervous system, as numerous studies have previously shown. Dysregulation of its metabolism, mainly the upregulation of nitric oxide production, has been proposed as a trigger and/or aggravator for many neurological affections. Increasing evidence supports the implication of this molecule in prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The mechanisms proposed for its neurotoxicity mainly center around the increased quantities of nitric oxide that are produced in the brain, their cause, and, most importantly, the pathological metabolic cascades created. These cascades lead to the formation of neuronal toxic substances that impair the neurons' function and structure on multiple levels. The purpose of this review is to present the main causes of increased pathological production, as well as the most important pathophysiological mechanisms triggered by nitric oxide, mechanisms that could help explain a part of the complex picture of neurodegenerative diseases and help develop targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga-Maria Iova
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gheorghe-Eduard Marin
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Izabella Lazar
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Stanescu
- Department of Neurology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriela Dogaru
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Viilor Street, No. 46-50, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Ariadna Nicula
- Department of Ophthalmology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Elena Bulboacă
- Department of Pathophysiology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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15
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Biswas S, Bagchi A. Analysis of the structural dynamics of the mutations in the kinase domain of PINK1 protein associated with Parkinson's disease. Gene 2023; 857:147183. [PMID: 36623675 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a very common neurodegenerative disorder and is considered to be one of the most severe disorders worldwide. Mutations in some PD causing genes are responsible for the early onset of the disease. Pathogenic variants in parkin, PINK1 and DJ1 genes can cause early-onset of PD. Many PINK1 gene mutations have been reported, but not all variants are pathogenic. The gene product of PINK1, also known as PINK1 protein, has 581 amino acid residues in it. Several different mutations are present throughout the kinase domain of PINK1 protein. In this work, we used in silico approaches to analyze the different types of mutations that are distributed in the kinase domain of the PINK1 protein. Based on our results, we categorized the mutations as high, moderate and low pathogenic variants. Furthermore, we performed molecular dynamics simulations of the pathogenic PINK1 variants to decipher their possible impacts on the structure and made a comparison with the wild type PINK1. In conclusion, we suggested the possible mechanistic roles of the pathogenic variants of PINK1 kinase domain that can affect its function. These pathogenic variants are the causative agents of early onset of PD called autosomal recessive Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani - 741235, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Angshuman Bagchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani - 741235, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
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16
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Yin X, Xue R, Wu J, Wu M, Xie B, Meng Q. PINK1 ameliorates acute-on-chronic liver failure by inhibiting apoptosis through mTORC2/AKT signaling. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:222. [PMID: 35461334 PMCID: PMC9035184 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01021-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a lethal syndrome with a remarkable short-term death rate. Even worse, effective internal medicine therapies are currently lacking. Increasing evidence indicates apoptosis plays a critical role in the progression of liver failure. PINK1 has an essential function in maintaining cell survival. However, the role and underlying mechanism of PINK1 in apoptosis in ACLF are incompletely understood. Herein, our team discovered that PINK1 remarkably improved ACLF, featured by a reduction in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and an amelioration in the gross and microscopy histopathology appearance of hepatic tissues. Meanwhile, PINK1 affected cleaved caspase-3 expression via mTORC2/AKT, and this effect was eliminated after further intervention with Rictor or AKT. Overall, these findings indicate that PINK1 participates in the regulation of multiple biological functions, including hepatic cell growth and apoptosis in ACLF via the mTORC2/AKT signaling pathway. The present research offers a solid theory-wise foundation for the clinic applications of PINK1 as a valid target for ACLF treatment to reverse or postpone the development of ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehong Yin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Liver Disease, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Xue
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Liver Disease, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Muchen Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Liver Disease, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bangxiang Xie
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qinghua Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Liver Disease, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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17
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Eroglu B, Jin X, Deane S, Öztürk B, Ross OA, Moskophidis D, Mivechi NF. Dusp26 phosphatase regulates mitochondrial respiration and oxidative stress and protects neuronal cell death. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:198. [PMID: 35313355 PMCID: PMC10601927 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04162-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The dual specificity protein phosphatases (Dusps) control dephosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) as well as other substrates. Here, we report that Dusp26, which is highly expressed in neuroblastoma cells and primary neurons is targeted to the mitochondrial outer membrane via its NH2-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence. Loss of Dusp26 has a significant impact on mitochondrial function that is associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduction in ATP generation, reduction in mitochondria motility and release of mitochondrial HtrA2 protease into the cytoplasm. The mitochondrial dysregulation in dusp26-deficient neuroblastoma cells leads to the inhibition of cell proliferation and cell death. In vivo, Dusp26 is highly expressed in neurons in different brain regions, including cortex and midbrain (MB). Ablation of Dusp26 in mouse model leads to dopaminergic (DA) neuronal cell loss in the substantia nigra par compacta (SNpc), inflammatory response in MB and striatum, and phenotypes that are normally associated with Neurodegenerative diseases. Consistent with the data from our mouse model, Dusp26 expressing cells are significantly reduced in the SNpc of Parkinson's Disease patients. The underlying mechanism of DA neuronal death is that loss of Dusp26 in neurons increases mitochondrial ROS and concurrent activation of MAPK/p38 signaling pathway and inflammatory response. Our results suggest that regulation of mitochondrial-associated protein phosphorylation is essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and dysregulation of this process may contribute to the initiation and development of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binnur Eroglu
- Molecular Chaperone Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th St., CN3153, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Xiongjie Jin
- Molecular Chaperone Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th St., CN3153, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Sadiki Deane
- Molecular Chaperone Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th St., CN3153, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Bahadır Öztürk
- Molecular Chaperone Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th St., CN3153, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey
| | - Owen A Ross
- Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd., Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Demetrius Moskophidis
- Molecular Chaperone Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th St., CN3153, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th St., CN3153, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Nahid F Mivechi
- Molecular Chaperone Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th St., CN3153, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th St., CN3153, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Charlie Norwood VAMC, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA.
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18
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PINK1 regulates mitochondrial fission/fusion and neuroinflammation in β-amyloid-induced Alzheimer's disease models. Neurochem Int 2022; 154:105298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Serratos IN, Hernández-Pérez E, Campos C, Aschner M, Santamaría A. An Update on the Critical Role of α-Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease and Other Synucleinopathies: from Tissue to Cellular and Molecular Levels. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:620-642. [PMID: 34750787 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02596-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) plays a critical role in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies. α-Syn, which is encoded by the SNCA gene, is a lysine-rich soluble amphipathic protein normally expressed in neurons. Located in the cytosolic domain, this protein has the ability to remodel itself in plasma membranes, where it assumes an alpha-helix conformation. However, the protein can also adopt another conformation rich in cross-beta sheets, undergoing mutations and post-translational modifications, then leading the protein to an unusual aggregation in the form of Lewy bodies (LB), which are cytoplasmic inclusions constituted predominantly by α-Syn. Pathogenic mechanisms affecting the structural and functional stability of α-Syn - such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, Golgi complex fragmentation, disfunctional protein degradation systems, aberrant interactions with mitochondrial membranes and nuclear DNA, altered cytoskeleton dynamics, disrupted neuronal plasmatic membrane, dysfunctional vesicular transport, and formation of extracellular toxic aggregates - contribute all to the pathogenic progression of PD and synucleinopathies. In this review, we describe the collective knowledge on this topic and provide an update on the critical role of α-Syn aggregates, both at the cellular and molecular levels, in the deregulation of organelles affecting the cellular homeostasis and leading to neuronal cell death in PD and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris N Serratos
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Hernández-Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carolina Campos
- Departamento de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, 09340, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores/Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, SSA, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico.
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20
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Targetable Pathways for Alleviating Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegeneration of Metabolic and Non-Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111444. [PMID: 34768878 PMCID: PMC8583882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative and inherited metabolic diseases frequently compromise nervous system function, and mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been implicated as key events leading to neurodegeneration. Mitochondria are essential for neuronal function; however, these organelles are major sources of endogenous reactive oxygen species and are vulnerable targets for oxidative stress-induced damage. The brain is very susceptible to oxidative damage due to its high metabolic demand and low antioxidant defence systems, therefore minimal imbalances in the redox state can result in an oxidative environment that favours tissue damage and activates neuroinflammatory processes. Mitochondrial-associated molecular pathways are often compromised in the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration, including the parkin/PINK1, Nrf2, PGC1α, and PPARγ pathways. Impairments to these signalling pathways consequently effect the removal of dysfunctional mitochondria, which has been suggested as contributing to the development of neurodegeneration. Mitochondrial dysfunction prevention has become an attractive therapeutic target, and there are several molecular pathways that can be pharmacologically targeted to remove damaged mitochondria by inducing mitochondrial biogenesis or mitophagy, as well as increasing the antioxidant capacity of the brain, in order to alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction and prevent the development and progression of neurodegeneration in these disorders. Compounds such as natural polyphenolic compounds, bioactive quinones, and Nrf2 activators have been reported in the literature as novel therapeutic candidates capable of targeting defective mitochondrial pathways in order to improve mitochondrial function and reduce the severity of neurodegeneration in these disorders.
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21
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Katunina EA, Boyko OV, Shipilova NN, Kabaeva AR, Boyko AN. [A rare clinical case of comorbidity of early-onset Parkinson's disease and remitting multiple sclerosis]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:99-103. [PMID: 34387455 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202112107299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Comorbidities of extrapyramidal disorders and multiple sclerosis (MS) are rare. The chance of a combination of MS and Parkinson's disease (PD) is less than 1 in 12.5 million. In total, 42 cases of joint development of these disorders are described in the literature. All described patients had no initial changes in the basal ganglia on MRI, and the development of MS was diagnosed after 1-8 years. Possible common links in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease and MS, as well as the cumulative effect of the two diseases on the severity of axonal degeneration and neuronal loss are discussed. A description of a clinical case of a combination of early onset PD and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Katunina
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Moscow, Russia
| | - O V Boyko
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Moscow, Russia
| | - N N Shipilova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A R Kabaeva
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Moscow, Russia
| | - A N Boyko
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Moscow, Russia
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22
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Methods to Monitor Mitophagy and Mitochondrial Quality: Implications in Cancer, Neurodegeneration, and Cardiovascular Diseases. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2310:113-159. [PMID: 34096002 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1433-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that participate in a broad array of molecular functions within the cell. They are responsible for maintaining the appropriate energetic levels and control the cellular homeostasis throughout the generation of intermediary metabolites. Preserving a healthy and functional mitochondrial population is of fundamental importance throughout the life of the cells under pathophysiological conditions. Hence, cells have evolved fine-tuned mechanisms of quality control that help to preserve the right amount of functional mitochondria to meet the demand of the cell. The specific recycling of mitochondria by autophagy, termed mitophagy, represents the primary contributor to mitochondrial quality control. During this process, damaged or unnecessary mitochondria are recognized and selectively degraded. In the past few years, the knowledge in mitophagy has seen rapid progress, and a growing body of evidence confirms that mitophagy holds a central role in controlling cellular functions and the progression of various human diseases.In this chapter, we will discuss the pathophysiological roles of mitophagy and provide a general overview of the current methods used to monitor and quantify mitophagy. We will also outline the main established approaches to investigate the mitochondrial function, metabolism, morphology, and protein damage.
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Lestón Pinilla L, Ugun-Klusek A, Rutella S, De Girolamo LA. Hypoxia Signaling in Parkinson's Disease: There Is Use in Asking "What HIF?". BIOLOGY 2021; 10:723. [PMID: 34439955 PMCID: PMC8389254 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a condition characterized by insufficient tissue oxygenation, which results in impaired oxidative energy production. A reduction in cellular oxygen levels induces the stabilization of hypoxia inducible factor α (HIF-1α), master regulator of the molecular response to hypoxia, involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis and driving hypoxic adaptation through the control of gene expression. Due to its high energy requirement, the brain is particularly vulnerable to oxygen shortage. Thus, hypoxic injury can cause significant metabolic changes in neural cell populations, which are associated with neurodegeneration. Recent evidence suggests that regulating HIF-1α may ameliorate the cellular damage in neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, the hypoxia/HIF-1α signaling pathway has been associated to several processes linked to Parkinson's disease (PD) including gene mutations, risk factors and molecular pathways such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and protein degradation impairment. This review will explore the impact of hypoxia and HIF-1α signaling on these specific molecular pathways that influence PD development and will evaluate different novel neuroprotective strategies involving HIF-1α stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lestón Pinilla
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK;
| | - Aslihan Ugun-Klusek
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK;
| | - Sergio Rutella
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK;
| | - Luigi A. De Girolamo
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK;
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24
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Policarpo R, Sierksma A, De Strooper B, d'Ydewalle C. From Junk to Function: LncRNAs in CNS Health and Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:714768. [PMID: 34349622 PMCID: PMC8327212 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.714768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in RNA sequencing technologies helped to uncover the existence of tens of thousands of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that arise from the dark matter of the genome. These lncRNAs were originally thought to be transcriptional noise but an increasing number of studies demonstrate that these transcripts can modulate protein-coding gene expression by a wide variety of transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. The spatiotemporal regulation of lncRNA expression is particularly evident in the central nervous system, suggesting that they may directly contribute to specific brain processes, including neurogenesis and cellular homeostasis. Not surprisingly, lncRNAs are therefore gaining attention as putative novel therapeutic targets for disorders of the brain. In this review, we summarize the recent insights into the functions of lncRNAs in the brain, their role in neuronal maintenance, and their potential contribution to disease. We conclude this review by postulating how these RNA molecules can be targeted for the treatment of yet incurable neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Policarpo
- VIB-KU Leuven Center For Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium
| | - Annerieke Sierksma
- VIB-KU Leuven Center For Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB-KU Leuven Center For Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Constantin d'Ydewalle
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium
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25
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Yang S, Lim KH, Kim SH, Joo JY. Molecular landscape of long noncoding RNAs in brain disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1060-1074. [PMID: 33173194 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
According to current paradigms, various risk factors, such as genetic mutations, oxidative stress, neural network dysfunction, and abnormal protein degradation, contribute to the progression of brain disorders. Through the cooperation of gene transcripts in biological processes, the study of noncoding RNAs can lead to insights into the cause and treatment of brain disorders. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) which are longer than 200 nucleotides in length have been suggested as key factors in various brain disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests the potential of lncRNAs as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. High-throughput screening-based sequencing has been instrumental in identification of lncRNAs that demand new approaches to understanding the progression of brain disorders. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in the study of lncRNAs, and addresses the pathogenesis of brain disorders that involve lncRNAs and describes the associations of lncRNAs with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), and neurodevelopmental disorders. We also discuss potential targets of lncRNAs and their promise as novel therapeutics and biomarkers in brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Yang
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Key-Hwan Lim
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yeol Joo
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Trombetta-Lima M, Sabogal-Guáqueta AM, Dolga AM. Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases: A focus on iPSC-derived neuronal models. Cell Calcium 2021; 94:102362. [PMID: 33540322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Progressive neuronal loss is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. These pathologies exhibit clear signs of inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, calcium deregulation, and accumulation of aggregated or misfolded proteins. Over the last decades, a tremendous research effort has contributed to define some of the pathological mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative processes in these complex brain neurodegenerative disorders. To better understand molecular mechanisms responsible for neurodegenerative processes and find potential interventions and pharmacological treatments, it is important to have robust in vitro and pre-clinical animal models that can recapitulate both the early biological events undermining the maintenance of the nervous system and early pathological events. In this regard, it would be informative to determine how different inherited pathogenic mutations can compromise mitochondrial function, calcium signaling, and neuronal survival. Since post-mortem analyses cannot provide relevant information about the disease progression, it is crucial to develop model systems that enable the investigation of early molecular changes, which may be relevant as targets for novel therapeutic options. Thus, the use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represents an exceptional complementary tool for the investigation of degenerative processes. In this review, we will focus on two neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. We will provide examples of iPSC-derived neuronal models and how they have been used to study calcium and mitochondrial alterations during neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Trombetta-Lima
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Angélica María Sabogal-Guáqueta
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Amalia M Dolga
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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27
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Tyrrell DJ, Blin MG, Song J, Wood SC, Goldstein DR. Aging Impairs Mitochondrial Function and Mitophagy and Elevates Interleukin 6 Within the Cerebral Vasculature. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e017820. [PMID: 33225820 PMCID: PMC7763766 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.017820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is critical for cerebrovascular health. Although aging impairs the integrity of the BBB, the mechanisms behind this phenomenon are not clear. As mitochondrial components activate inflammation as mitochondria become dysfunctional, we examined how aging impacts cerebrovascular mitochondrial function, mitophagy, and inflammatory signaling; and whether any alterations correlate with BBB function. Methods and Results We isolated cerebral vessels from young (2-3 months of age) and aged (18-19 months of age) mice and found that aging led to increases in the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 senescence marker with impaired mitochondrial function, which correlated with aged mice exhibiting increased BBB leak compared with young mice. Cerebral vessels also exhibited increased expression of mitophagy proteins Parkin and Nix with aging. Using mitophagy reporter (mtKeima) mice, we found that the capacity to increase mitophagy from baseline within the cerebral vessels on rotenone treatment was reduced with aging. Aging within the cerebral vessels also led to the upregulation of the stimulator of interferon genes and increased interleukin 6 (IL-6), a cytokine that alters mitochondrial function. Importantly, exogenous IL-6 treatment of young cerebral vessels upregulated mitophagy and Parkin and impaired mitochondrial function; whereas inhibiting IL-6 in aged cerebral vessels reduced Parkin expression and increased mitochondrial function. Furthermore, treating cerebral vessels of young mice with mitochondrial N-formyl peptides upregulated IL-6, increased Parkin, and reduced Claudin-5, a tight junction protein integral to BBB integrity. Conclusions Aging alters the cerebral vasculature to impair mitochondrial function and mitophagy and increase IL-6 levels. These alterations may impair BBB integrity and potentially reduce cerebrovascular health with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muriel G. Blin
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
| | - Jianrui Song
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
| | - Sherri C. Wood
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
| | - Daniel R. Goldstein
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
- Institute of GerontologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
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28
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Khatri DK, Choudhary M, Sood A, Singh SB. Anxiety: An ignored aspect of Parkinson’s disease lacking attention. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110776. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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29
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Panchal K, Tiwari AK. Miro (Mitochondrial Rho GTPase), a key player of mitochondrial axonal transport and mitochondrial dynamics in neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrion 2020; 56:118-135. [PMID: 33127590 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Miro (mitochondrial Rho GTPases) a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, plays a vital role in the microtubule-based mitochondrial axonal transport, mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission) and Mito-Ca2+ homeostasis. It forms a major protein complex with Milton (an adaptor protein), kinesin and dynein (motor proteins), and facilitates bidirectional mitochondrial axonal transport such as anterograde and retrograde transport. By forming this protein complex, Miro facilitates the mitochondrial axonal transport and fulfills the neuronal energy demand, maintain the mitochondrial homeostasis and neuronal survival. It has been demonstrated that altered mitochondrial biogenesis, improper mitochondrial axonal transport, and mitochondrial dynamics are the early pathologies associated with most of the neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Being the sole mitochondrial outer membrane protein associated with mitochondrial axonal transport-related processes, Miro proteins can be one of the key players in various NDs such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Huntington's disease (HD). Thus, in the current review, we have discussed the evolutionarily conserved Miro proteins and its role in the pathogenesis of the various NDs. From this, we indicated that Miro proteins may act as a potential target for a novel therapeutic intervention for the treatment of various NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Panchal
- Genetics & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Koba, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382426, India
| | - Anand Krishna Tiwari
- Genetics & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Koba, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382426, India.
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30
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Protein and Mitochondria Quality Control Mechanisms and Cardiac Aging. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040933. [PMID: 32290135 PMCID: PMC7226975 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death in the United States. Advancing age is a primary risk factor for developing CVD. Estimates indicate that 20% of the US population will be ≥65 years old by 2030. Direct expenditures for treating CVD in the older population combined with indirect costs, secondary to lost wages, are predicted to reach $1.1 trillion by 2035. Therefore, there is an eminent need to discover novel therapeutic targets and identify new interventions to delay, lessen the severity, or prevent cardiovascular complications associated with advanced age. Protein and organelle quality control pathways including autophagy/lysosomal and the ubiquitin-proteasome systems, are emerging contributors of age-associated myocardial dysfunction. In general, two findings have sparked this interest. First, strong evidence indicates that cardiac protein degradation pathways are altered in the heart with aging. Second, it is well accepted that damaged and misfolded protein aggregates and dysfunctional mitochondria accumulate in the heart with age. In this review, we will: (i) define the different protein and mitochondria quality control mechanisms in the heart; (ii) provide evidence that each quality control pathway becomes dysfunctional during cardiac aging; and (iii) discuss current advances in targeting these pathways to maintain cardiac function with age.
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31
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Dard L, Blanchard W, Hubert C, Lacombe D, Rossignol R. Mitochondrial functions and rare diseases. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 71:100842. [PMID: 32029308 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic cellular organelles responsible for a large variety of biochemical processes as energy transduction, REDOX signaling, the biosynthesis of hormones and vitamins, inflammation or cell death execution. Cell biology studies established that 1158 human genes encode proteins localized to mitochondria, as registered in MITOCARTA. Clinical studies showed that a large number of these mitochondrial proteins can be altered in expression and function through genetic, epigenetic or biochemical mechanisms including the interaction with environmental toxics or iatrogenic medicine. As a result, pathogenic mitochondrial genetic and functional defects participate to the onset and the progression of a growing number of rare diseases. In this review we provide an exhaustive survey of the biochemical, genetic and clinical studies that demonstrated the implication of mitochondrial dysfunction in human rare diseases. We discuss the striking diversity of the symptoms caused by mitochondrial dysfunction and the strategies proposed for mitochondrial therapy, including a survey of ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dard
- Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1211, 33000, Bordeaux, France; CELLOMET, CGFB-146 Rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, France
| | - W Blanchard
- Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1211, 33000, Bordeaux, France; CELLOMET, CGFB-146 Rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, France
| | - C Hubert
- Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1211, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - D Lacombe
- Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1211, 33000, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - R Rossignol
- Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1211, 33000, Bordeaux, France; CELLOMET, CGFB-146 Rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, France.
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32
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Ren X, Hinchie A, Swomley A, Powell DK, Butterfield DA. Profiles of brain oxidative damage, ventricular alterations, and neurochemical metabolites in the striatum of PINK1 knockout rats as functions of age and gender: Relevance to Parkinson disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:146-152. [PMID: 31401305 PMCID: PMC6848777 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease associated with aging. Dopaminergic neuronal degeneration and α-synuclein aggregation are commonly found in PD brain. Oxidative damage and inflammation often are considered as etiological factors of PD, although the detailed mechanisms still remain unknown. Gender and aging are two important risk factors to PD, and gene mutations and certain environmental factors have been implicated in this disease. The current study employed PTEN-induced putative kinase -1 (PINK1) knockout (KO) rats, since mutations in PINK-1 lead to familial PD. We evaluated the oxidative damage in the brain of PINK1 KO rats, and we used MRI and MRS to measure the ventricle sizes and neurochemical metabolite profiles in these rats as a function of age and gender. Distinct gender- and age-related alterations were found. The results are discussed with respect to the suitabililty of this unique rat as a faithful model of known characteristics of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Angela Hinchie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Aaron Swomley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - David K Powell
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center and Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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33
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Miller S, Muqit MMK. Therapeutic approaches to enhance PINK1/Parkin mediated mitophagy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2019; 705:7-13. [PMID: 30995519 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of rare familial monogenic forms of early-onset Parkinson's disease has led to the identification of a mitochondrial quality control process as a key player in this disease. Loss-of-function mutations in the genes encoding PINK1 or Parkin result in insufficient removal of dysfunctional mitochondria through autophagy, a process termed mitophagy. Understanding the mechanism of this process and the function of its two key players, PINK1 and Parkin, has led to the discovery of new therapeutic approaches. Small molecule activators of mitophagy, either activating PINK1 or Parkin directly or inhibiting Parkin's counterplayer, the ubiquitin-specific protease USP30, are in preclinical development. To enable clinical success of future small molecule mitophagy enhancers, biomarkers for mitochondrial integrity and mitophagy are being developed. Only a few years after the discovery of mitophagy deficits in Parkinson's disease, research of the underlying mechanisms, drug discovery of modulators for this mechanism and identification of biomarkers provide new avenues towards the development of disease-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Miller
- Neuroscience Department, Amgen Research, 360 Binney St., Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Miratul M K Muqit
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow St, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
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34
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Adamski Z, Bufo SA, Chowański S, Falabella P, Lubawy J, Marciniak P, Pacholska-Bogalska J, Salvia R, Scrano L, Słocińska M, Spochacz M, Szymczak M, Urbański A, Walkowiak-Nowicka K, Rosiński G. Beetles as Model Organisms in Physiological, Biomedical and Environmental Studies - A Review. Front Physiol 2019; 10:319. [PMID: 30984018 PMCID: PMC6447812 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Model organisms are often used in biological, medical and environmental research. Among insects, Drosophila melanogaster, Galleria mellonella, Apis mellifera, Bombyx mori, Periplaneta americana, and Locusta migratoria are often used. However, new model organisms still appear. In recent years, an increasing number of insect species has been suggested as model organisms in life sciences research due to their worldwide distribution and environmental significance, the possibility of extrapolating research studies to vertebrates and the relatively low cost of rearing. Beetles are the largest insect order, with their representative - Tribolium castaneum - being the first species with a completely sequenced genome, and seem to be emerging as new potential candidates for model organisms in various studies. Apart from T. castaneum, additional species representing various Coleoptera families, such as Nicrophorus vespilloides, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Coccinella septempunctata, Poecilus cupreus, Tenebrio molitor and many others, have been used. They are increasingly often included in two major research aspects: biomedical and environmental studies. Biomedical studies focus mainly on unraveling mechanisms of basic life processes, such as feeding, neurotransmission or activity of the immune system, as well as on elucidating the mechanism of different diseases (neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, metabolic, or immunological) using beetles as models. Furthermore, pharmacological bioassays for testing novel biologically active substances in beetles have also been developed. It should be emphasized that beetles are a source of compounds with potential antimicrobial and anticancer activity. Environmental-based studies focus mainly on the development and testing of new potential pesticides of both chemical and natural origin. Additionally, beetles are used as food or for their valuable supplements. Different beetle families are also used as bioindicators. Another important research area using beetles as models is behavioral ecology studies, for instance, parental care. In this paper, we review the current knowledge regarding beetles as model organisms and their practical application in various fields of life science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Adamski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
- Laboratory of Electron and Confocal Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Sabino A. Bufo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management & Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Szymon Chowański
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Jan Lubawy
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Marciniak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Pacholska-Bogalska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Rosanna Salvia
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Laura Scrano
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, University of Basilicata, Matera, Italy
| | - Małgorzata Słocińska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marta Spochacz
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Szymczak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Urbański
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Karolina Walkowiak-Nowicka
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Rosiński
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
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35
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McWilliams TG, Barini E, Pohjolan-Pirhonen R, Brooks SP, Singh F, Burel S, Balk K, Kumar A, Montava-Garriga L, Prescott AR, Hassoun SM, Mouton-Liger F, Ball G, Hills R, Knebel A, Ulusoy A, Di Monte DA, Tamjar J, Antico O, Fears K, Smith L, Brambilla R, Palin E, Valori M, Eerola-Rautio J, Tienari P, Corti O, Dunnett SB, Ganley IG, Suomalainen A, Muqit MMK. Phosphorylation of Parkin at serine 65 is essential for its activation in vivo. Open Biol 2018; 8:rsob.180108. [PMID: 30404819 PMCID: PMC6282074 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in PINK1 and Parkin result in autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (PD). Cell culture and in vitro studies have elaborated the PINK1-dependent regulation of Parkin and defined how this dyad orchestrates the elimination of damaged mitochondria via mitophagy. PINK1 phosphorylates ubiquitin at serine 65 (Ser65) and Parkin at an equivalent Ser65 residue located within its N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain, resulting in activation; however, the physiological significance of Parkin Ser65 phosphorylation in vivo in mammals remains unknown. To address this, we generated a Parkin Ser65Ala (S65A) knock-in mouse model. We observe endogenous Parkin Ser65 phosphorylation and activation in mature primary neurons following mitochondrial depolarization and reveal this is disrupted in Parkin S65A/S65A neurons. Phenotypically, Parkin S65A/S65A mice exhibit selective motor dysfunction in the absence of any overt neurodegeneration or alterations in nigrostriatal mitophagy. The clinical relevance of our findings is substantiated by the discovery of homozygous PARKIN (PARK2) p.S65N mutations in two unrelated patients with PD. Moreover, biochemical and structural analysis demonstrates that the ParkinS65N/S65N mutant is pathogenic and cannot be activated by PINK1. Our findings highlight the central role of Parkin Ser65 phosphorylation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G McWilliams
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK .,Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erica Barini
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Risto Pohjolan-Pirhonen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simon P Brooks
- The Brain Repair Group, Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Wales CF10 3AX, UK
| | - François Singh
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Sophie Burel
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Kristin Balk
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Atul Kumar
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Lambert Montava-Garriga
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Alan R Prescott
- Dundee Imaging Facility, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | | | | | - Graeme Ball
- Dundee Imaging Facility, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Rachel Hills
- The Brain Repair Group, Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Wales CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Axel Knebel
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Ayse Ulusoy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Jevgenia Tamjar
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Odetta Antico
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Kyle Fears
- The Brain Repair Group, Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Wales CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Laura Smith
- The Brain Repair Group, Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Wales CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Riccardo Brambilla
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Institute, Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Eino Palin
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miko Valori
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Eerola-Rautio
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, Helsinki, FI 00290, Finland
| | - Pentti Tienari
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Stephen B Dunnett
- The Brain Repair Group, Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Wales CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Ian G Ganley
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miratul M K Muqit
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK .,School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
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36
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Tristán-Noguero A, García-Cazorla À. Synaptic metabolism: a new approach to inborn errors of neurotransmission. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:1065-1075. [PMID: 30014210 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-018-0235-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To date, inborn errors of neurotransmitters have been defined based on the classic concept of inborn error of metabolism (IEM), and they include defects in synthesis, catabolism, and transport pathways. However, the omics era is bringing insights into new diseases and is leading to an extended definition of IEM including new categories and mechanisms. Neurotransmission takes place at the synapse, the most specialized tight junction in the brain. The concept of "synaptic metabolism" would point to the specific chemical composition and metabolic functions of the synapse. Based on these specialized functions, we aim to provide a tentative overview about the major categories of IEM susceptible to affect neurotransmission. Small molecule defects (biogenic amines and amino acids) and energy defects are amongst the most prevalent diseases reported to disturb the concentration of CSF neurotransmitters. In these IEM, the neurological phenotypes have been largely described. Disorders of complex molecules are not typically considered as diseases affecting neurotransmission. However, most of them have been recently discovered and are involved in intracellular vesiculation, trafficking, processing, and quality control mechanisms. In this large group, neurotransmission is affected in disorders of chaperones and autophagy, disorders of the synaptic vesicle, and diseases affecting pre-synaptic membranes (synthesis and remodeling of complex lipids, defects of glycosylation). Disorders of the vesicle pools, receptor trafficking, and the chronobiology of neurotransmission are potentially emerging new categories. Finally, although not considered as IEM, channelopathies are a large group of diseases disturbing neurotransmitter homeostasis. New CSF biomarkers will probably contribute to improve the diagnosis of these disorders and find new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Tristán-Noguero
- Synaptic Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Institut Pediàtric de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Àngels García-Cazorla
- Synaptic Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Institut Pediàtric de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain.
- Neurology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.
- Neurometabolic Unit and Synaptic Metabolism Lab. Department of Neurology, Institut Pediàtric de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain.
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37
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Bednarczyk M, Zmarzły N, Grabarek B, Mazurek U, Muc-Wierzgoń M. Genes involved in the regulation of different types of autophagy and their participation in cancer pathogenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:34413-34428. [PMID: 30344951 PMCID: PMC6188136 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved mechanism of self-digestion that removes damaged organelles and proteins from cells. Depending on the way the protein is delivered to the lysosome, four basic types of autophagy can be distinguished: macroautophagy, selective autophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy and microautophagy. Macroautophagy involves formation of autophagosomes and is controlled by specific autophagy-related genes. The steps in macroautophagy are initiation, phagophore elongation, autophagosome maturation, autophagosome fusion with the lysosome, and proteolytic degradation of the contents. Selective autophagy is macroautophagy of a specific cellular component. This work focuses on mitophagy (selective autophagy of abnormal and damaged mitochondria), in which the main participating protein is PINK1 (phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1). In chaperone-mediated autophagy, the substrate is bound to a heat shock protein 70 chaperone before it is delivered to the lysosome. The least characterized type of autophagy is microautophagy, which is the degradation of very small molecules without participation of an autophagosome. Autophagy can promote or inhibit tumor development, depending on the severity of the disease, the type of cancer, and the age of the patient. This paper describes the molecular basis of the different types of autophagy and their importance in cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Bednarczyk
- Department of Internal Diseases, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40–055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Nikola Zmarzły
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with The Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40–055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Beniamin Grabarek
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with The Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40–055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Urszula Mazurek
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with The Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40–055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Muc-Wierzgoń
- Department of Internal Diseases, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40–055 Katowice, Poland
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38
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Parrado-Fernández C, Schneider B, Ankarcrona M, Conti MM, Cookson MR, Kivipelto M, Cedazo-Mínguez Á, Sandebring-Matton A. Reduction of PINK1 or DJ-1 impair mitochondrial motility in neurites and alter ER-mitochondria contacts. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5439-5449. [PMID: 30133157 PMCID: PMC6201361 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcellular distribution of mitochondria in neurons is crucial for meeting the energetic demands, as well as the necessity to buffer Ca2+ within the axon, dendrites and synapses. Mitochondrial impairment is an important feature of Parkinson disease (PD), in which both familial parkinsonism genes DJ-1 and PINK1 have a great impact on mitochondrial function. We used differentiated human dopaminergic neuroblastoma cell lines with stable PINK1 or DJ-1 knockdown to study live motility of mitochondria in neurites. The frequency of anterograde and retrograde mitochondrial motility was decreased in PINK1 knockdown cells and the frequency of total mitochondrial motility events was reduced in both cell lines. However, neither the distribution nor the size of mitochondria in the neurites differed from the control cells even after downregulation of the mitochondrial fission protein, Drp1. Furthermore, mitochondria from PINK1 knockdown cells, in which motility was most impaired, had increased levels of GSK3βSer9 and higher release of mitochondrial Ca2+ when exposed to CCCP-induced mitochondrial uncoupling. Further analysis of the ER-mitochondria contacts involved in Ca2+ shuttling showed that PINK1 knockdown cells had reduced contacts between the two organelles. Our results give new insight on how PINK1 and DJ-1 influence mitochondria, thus providing clues to novel PD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Parrado-Fernández
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bernadette Schneider
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Ankarcrona
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Melissa M Conti
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark R Cookson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Research & Development Unit, Stockholms Sjukhem, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ángel Cedazo-Mínguez
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Sandebring-Matton
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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39
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Karimi-Moghadam A, Charsouei S, Bell B, Jabalameli MR. Parkinson Disease from Mendelian Forms to Genetic Susceptibility: New Molecular Insights into the Neurodegeneration Process. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2018; 38:1153-1178. [PMID: 29700661 PMCID: PMC6061130 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-018-0587-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is known as a common progressive neurodegenerative disease which is clinically diagnosed by the manifestation of numerous motor and nonmotor symptoms. PD is a genetically heterogeneous disorder with both familial and sporadic forms. To date, researches in the field of Parkinsonism have identified 23 genes or loci linked to rare monogenic familial forms of PD with Mendelian inheritance. Biochemical studies revealed that the products of these genes usually play key roles in the proper protein and mitochondrial quality control processes, as well as synaptic transmission and vesicular recycling pathways within neurons. Despite this, large number of patients affected with PD typically tends to show sporadic forms of disease with lack of a clear family history. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) meta-analyses on the large sporadic PD case-control samples from European populations have identified over 12 genetic risk factors. However, the genetic etiology that underlies pathogenesis of PD is also discussed, since it remains unidentified in 40% of all PD-affected cases. Nowadays, with the emergence of new genetic techniques, international PD genomics consortiums and public online resources such as PDGene, there are many hopes that future large-scale genetics projects provide further insights into the genetic etiology of PD and improve diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic clinical trial designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Karimi-Moghadam
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeid Charsouei
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Benjamin Bell
- Human Genetics & Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mohammad Reza Jabalameli
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
- Human Genetics & Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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40
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41
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Okatsu K, Sato Y, Yamano K, Matsuda N, Negishi L, Takahashi A, Yamagata A, Goto-Ito S, Mishima M, Ito Y, Oka T, Tanaka K, Fukai S. Structural insights into ubiquitin phosphorylation by PINK1. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10382. [PMID: 29991771 PMCID: PMC6039469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28656-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and the E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligase parkin can cause familial parkinsonism. These two proteins are essential for ubiquitylation of damaged mitochondria and subsequent degradation. PINK1 phosphorylates Ser65 of Ub and the Ub-like (UBL) domain of parkin to allosterically relieve the autoinhibition of parkin. To understand the structural mechanism of the Ub/UBL-specific phosphorylation by PINK1, we determined the crystal structure of Tribolium castaneum PINK1 kinase domain (TcPINK1) in complex with a nonhydrolyzable ATP analogue at 2.5 Å resolution. TcPINK1 consists of the N- and C-terminal lobes with the PINK1-specific extension. The ATP analogue is bound in the cleft between the N- and C-terminal lobes. The adenine ring of the ATP analogue is bound to a hydrophobic pocket, whereas the triphosphate group of the ATP analogue and two coordinated Mg ions interact with the catalytic hydrophilic residues. Comparison with protein kinases A and C (PKA and PKC, respectively) unveils a putative Ub/UBL-binding groove, which is wider than the peptide-binding groove of PKA or PKC to accommodate the globular head of Ub or UBL. Further crosslinking analyses suggested a PINK1-interacting surface of Ub. Structure-guided mutational analyses support the findings from the present structural analysis of PINK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Okatsu
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.,Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.,Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.,Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Koji Yamano
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Matsuda
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Lumi Negishi
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Akiko Takahashi
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamagata
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.,Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.,Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Sakurako Goto-Ito
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.,Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Masaki Mishima
- Graduate School of Science & Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ito
- Graduate School of Science & Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Oka
- Department of Life Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Shuya Fukai
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan. .,Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan. .,Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan.
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42
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Ghatak S, Trudler D, Dolatabadi N, Ambasudhan R. Parkinson's disease: what the model systems have taught us so far. J Genet 2018; 97:729-751. [PMID: 30027906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder, for which people above the age of 60 show an increased risk. Although there has been great advancement in understanding the disease-related abnormalities in brain circuitry and development of symptomatic treatments, a cure for PD remains elusive. The discovery of PD associated gene mutations and environmental toxins have yielded animal models of the disease. These models could recapitulate several key aspects of PD, and provide more insights into the disease pathogenesis. They have also revealed novel aspects of the disease mechanism including noncell autonomous events and spreading of pathogenic protein species across the brain. Nevertheless, none of these models so far can comprehensively represent all aspects of the human disease. While the field is still searching for the perfect model system, recent developments in stem cell biology have provided a new dimension to modelling PD, especially doing it in a patient-specific manner. In the current review, we attempt to summarize the key findings in the areas discussed above, and highlight how the core PD pathology distinguishes itself from other neurodegenerative disorders while also resembling them in many aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Ghatak
- Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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43
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De R, Mazumder S, Sarkar S, Debsharma S, Siddiqui AA, Saha SJ, Banerjee C, Nag S, Saha D, Bandyopadhyay U. Acute mental stress induces mitochondrial bioenergetic crisis and hyper-fission along with aberrant mitophagy in the gut mucosa in rodent model of stress-related mucosal disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 113:424-438. [PMID: 28993273 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Psychological stress, depression and anxiety lead to multiple organ dysfunctions wherein stress-related mucosal disease (SRMD) is common to people experiencing stress and also occur as a side effect in patients admitted to intensive care units; however the underlying molecular aetiology is still obscure. We report that in rat-SRMD model, cold restraint-stress severely damaged gut mitochondrial functions to generate superoxide anion (O2•-), depleted ATP and shifted mitochondrial fission-fusion dynamics towards enhanced fission to induce mucosal injury. Activation of mitophagy to clear damaged and fragmented mitochondria was evident from mitochondrial translocation of Parkin and PINK1 along with enhanced mitochondrial proteome ubiquitination, depletion of mitochondrial DNA copy number and TOM 20. However, excess and sustained accumulation of O2•--generating defective mitochondria overpowered the mitophagic machinery, ultimately triggering Bax-dependent apoptosis and NF-κB-intervened pro-inflammatory mucosal injury. We further observed that stress-induced enhanced serum corticosterone stimulated mitochondrial recruitment of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which contributed to gut mitochondrial dysfunctions as documented from reduced ETC complex 1 activity, mitochondrial O2•- accumulation, depolarization and hyper-fission. GR-antagonism by RU486 or specific scavenging of mitochondrial O2•- by a mitochondrially targeted antioxidant mitoTEMPO ameliorated stress-induced mucosal damage. Gut mitopathology and mucosal injury were also averted when the perception of mental stress was blocked by pre-treatment with a sedative or antipsychotic. Altogether, we suggest the role of mitochondrial GR-O2•--fission cohort in brain-mitochondria cross-talk during acute mental stress and advocate the utilization of this pathway as a potential target to prevent mitochondrial unrest and gastropathy bypassing central nervous system.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Animals
- Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology
- Cold Temperature
- Corticosterone/blood
- Electron Transport Complex I/genetics
- Electron Transport Complex I/metabolism
- Gastric Mucosa/drug effects
- Gastric Mucosa/metabolism
- Gastric Mucosa/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Immobilization/methods
- Immobilization/psychology
- Inflammation
- Membrane Transport Proteins
- Mifepristone/pharmacology
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Mitochondrial Dynamics/drug effects
- Mitochondrial Dynamics/genetics
- Mitochondrial Precursor Protein Import Complex Proteins
- Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics
- Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism
- Mitophagy/drug effects
- Mitophagy/genetics
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Organophosphorus Compounds/pharmacology
- Oxidative Stress
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Protein Kinases/genetics
- Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Cell Surface
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism
- Stomach
- Stress, Psychological/genetics
- Stress, Psychological/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/pathology
- Superoxides/metabolism
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein/genetics
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudranil De
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Somnath Mazumder
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Souvik Sarkar
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhashis Debsharma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Asim Azhar Siddiqui
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Shubhra Jyoti Saha
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Chinmoy Banerjee
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Shiladitya Nag
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Debanjan Saha
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Uday Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.
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44
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Kumar A, Tamjar J, Waddell AD, Woodroof HI, Raimi OG, Shaw AM, Peggie M, Muqit MM, van Aalten DM. Structure of PINK1 and mechanisms of Parkinson's disease-associated mutations. eLife 2017; 6:29985. [PMID: 28980524 PMCID: PMC5679756 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the human kinase PINK1 (hPINK1) are associated with autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). hPINK1 activates Parkin E3 ligase activity, involving phosphorylation of ubiquitin and the Parkin ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain via as yet poorly understood mechanisms. hPINK1 is unusual amongst kinases due to the presence of three loop insertions of unknown function. We report the structure of Tribolium castaneum PINK1 (TcPINK1), revealing several unique extensions to the canonical protein kinase fold. The third insertion, together with autophosphorylation at residue Ser205, contributes to formation of a bowl-shaped binding site for ubiquitin. We also define a novel structural element within the second insertion that is held together by a distal loop that is critical for TcPINK1 activity. The structure of TcPINK1 explains how PD-linked mutations that lie within the kinase domain result in hPINK1 loss-of-function and provides a platform for the exploration of small molecule modulators of hPINK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Kumar
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.,MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jevgenia Tamjar
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Waddell
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Helen I Woodroof
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Olawale G Raimi
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Shaw
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Peggie
- Division of Signal Transduction Therapy, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Miratul Mk Muqit
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.,School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Daan Mf van Aalten
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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Lee Y, Kim MS, Lee J. Neuroprotective strategies to prevent and treat Parkinson’s disease based on its pathophysiological mechanism. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:1117-1128. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Gelmetti V, De Rosa P, Torosantucci L, Marini ES, Romagnoli A, Di Rienzo M, Arena G, Vignone D, Fimia GM, Valente EM. PINK1 and BECN1 relocalize at mitochondria-associated membranes during mitophagy and promote ER-mitochondria tethering and autophagosome formation. Autophagy 2017; 13:654-669. [PMID: 28368777 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1277309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is a highly specialized process to remove dysfunctional or superfluous mitochondria through the macroautophagy/autophagy pathway, aimed at protecting cells from the damage of disordered mitochondrial metabolism and apoptosis induction. PINK1, a neuroprotective protein mutated in autosomal recessive Parkinson disease, has been implicated in the activation of mitophagy by selectively accumulating on depolarized mitochondria, and promoting PARK2/Parkin translocation to them. While these steps have been characterized in depth, less is known about the process and site of autophagosome formation upon mitophagic stimuli. A previous study reported that, in starvation-induced autophagy, the proautophagic protein BECN1/Beclin1 (which we previously showed to interact with PINK1) relocalizes at specific regions of contact between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria called mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM), from which the autophagosome originates. Here we show that, following mitophagic stimuli, autophagosomes also form at MAM; moreover, endogenous PINK1 and BECN1 were both found to relocalize at MAM, where they promoted the enhancement of ER-mitochondria contact sites and the formation of omegasomes, that represent autophagosome precursors. PARK2 was also enhanced at MAM following mitophagy induction. However, PINK1 silencing impaired BECN1 enrichment at MAM independently of PARK2, suggesting a novel role for PINK1 in regulating mitophagy. MAM have been recently implicated in many key cellular events. In this light, the observed prevalent localization of PINK1 at MAM may well explain other neuroprotective activities of this protein, such as modulation of mitochondrial calcium levels, mitochondrial dynamics, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Gelmetti
- a Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation , Rome , Italy
| | - Priscilla De Rosa
- b IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, CSS-Mendel Institute , Rome , Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandra Romagnoli
- d National Institute for Infectious Diseases "LazzaroSpallanzani" IRCCS , Rome , Italy
| | - Martina Di Rienzo
- d National Institute for Infectious Diseases "LazzaroSpallanzani" IRCCS , Rome , Italy.,e Department of Biology , "Tor Vergata" University , Rome , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Arena
- f IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université Montpellier, Institutrégional du Cancer Montpellier , Montpellier , France
| | | | - Gian Maria Fimia
- d National Institute for Infectious Diseases "LazzaroSpallanzani" IRCCS , Rome , Italy.,h Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA) , University of Salento , Lecce , Italy
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- a Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation , Rome , Italy.,i Department of Molecular Medicine , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
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Kim J, Fiesel FC, Belmonte KC, Hudec R, Wang WX, Kim C, Nelson PT, Springer W, Kim J. miR-27a and miR-27b regulate autophagic clearance of damaged mitochondria by targeting PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1). Mol Neurodegener 2016; 11:55. [PMID: 27456084 PMCID: PMC4960690 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-016-0121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Loss-of-function mutations in PINK1 and PARKIN are the most common causes of autosomal recessive Parkinson’s disease (PD). PINK1 is a mitochondrial serine/threonine kinase that plays a critical role in mitophagy, a selective autophagic clearance of damaged mitochondria. Accumulating evidence suggests mitochondrial dysfunction is one of central mechanisms underlying PD pathogenesis. Therefore, identifying regulatory mechanisms of PINK1 expression may provide novel therapeutic opportunities for PD. Although post-translational stabilization of PINK1 upon mitochondrial damage has been extensively studied, little is known about the regulation mechanism of PINK1 at the transcriptional or translational levels. Results Here, we demonstrated that microRNA-27a (miR-27a) and miR-27b suppress PINK1 expression at the translational level through directly binding to the 3′-untranslated region (3′UTR) of its mRNA. Importantly, our data demonstrated that translation of PINK1 is critical for its accumulation upon mitochondrial damage. The accumulation of PINK1 upon mitochondrial damage was strongly regulated by expression levels of miR-27a and miR-27b. miR-27a and miR-27b prevent mitophagic influx by suppressing PINK1 expression, as evidenced by the decrease of ubiquitin phosphorylation, Parkin translocation, and LC3-II accumulation in damaged mitochondria. Consequently, miR-27a and miR-27b inhibit lysosomal degradation of the damaged mitochondria, as shown by the decrease of the delivery of damaged mitochondria to lysosome and the degradation of cytochrome c oxidase 2 (COX2), a mitochondrial marker. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that the expression of miR-27a and miR-27b is significantly induced under chronic mitophagic flux, suggesting a negative feedback regulation between PINK1-mediated mitophagy and miR-27a and miR-27b. Conclusions We demonstrated that miR-27a and miR-27b regulate PINK1 expression and autophagic clearance of damaged mitochondria. Our data further support a novel negative regulatory mechanism of PINK1-mediated mitophagy by miR-27a and miR-27b. Therefore, our results considerably advance our understanding of PINK1 expression and mitophagy regulation and suggest that miR-27a and miR-27b may represent potential therapeutic targets for PD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13024-016-0121-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaekwang Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
| | - Fabienne C Fiesel
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Krystal C Belmonte
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Roman Hudec
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Wang-Xia Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Chaeyoung Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Wolfdieter Springer
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.,Neurobiology of Disease Program, Mayo Graduate School, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Jungsu Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA. .,Neurobiology of Disease Program, Mayo Graduate School, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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Murphy E, Ardehali H, Balaban RS, DiLisa F, Dorn GW, Kitsis RN, Otsu K, Ping P, Rizzuto R, Sack MN, Wallace D, Youle RJ. Mitochondrial Function, Biology, and Role in Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circ Res 2016; 118:1960-91. [PMID: 27126807 PMCID: PMC6398603 DOI: 10.1161/res.0000000000000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a major leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and elsewhere. Alterations in mitochondrial function are increasingly being recognized as a contributing factor in myocardial infarction and in patients presenting with cardiomyopathy. Recent understanding of the complex interaction of the mitochondria in regulating metabolism and cell death can provide novel insight and therapeutic targets. The purpose of this statement is to better define the potential role of mitochondria in the genesis of cardiovascular disease such as ischemia and heart failure. To accomplish this, we will define the key mitochondrial processes that play a role in cardiovascular disease that are potential targets for novel therapeutic interventions. This is an exciting time in mitochondrial research. The past decade has provided novel insight into the role of mitochondria function and their importance in complex diseases. This statement will define the key roles that mitochondria play in cardiovascular physiology and disease and provide insight into how mitochondrial defects can contribute to cardiovascular disease; it will also discuss potential biomarkers of mitochondrial disease and suggest potential novel therapeutic approaches.
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Pahrudin Arrozi A, Wan Ngah WZ, Mohd Yusof YA, Ahmad Damanhuri MH, Makpol S. Antioxidant modulation in restoring mitochondrial function in neurodegeneration. Int J Neurosci 2016; 127:218-235. [PMID: 27074540 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2016.1178261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the leading causes of disability associated with neurodegeneration worldwide. These diseases are influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors and share similar mechanisms as both are characterized by accumulation and aggregation of misfolded proteins - amyloid-beta (Aβ) in AD and α-synuclein in PD. Over the past decade, increasing evidence has shown that mitochondrial dysfunction and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the pathology of these diseases, and the contributions of these defects to the cellular and molecular changes that eventually cause neuronal death have been explored. Using mitochondrial protective agents, such as antioxidants, to combat ROS provides a new strategy for neurodegenerative treatment. In this review, we highlight the potential of multiple types of antioxidants, including vitamins, phytochemicals, fatty acids and minerals, as well as synthetic antioxidants specifically targeting the mitochondria, which can restore mitochondrial function, in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders at both the pre-clinical and clinical stages by focusing on AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslina Pahrudin Arrozi
- a Department of Biochemistry , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah
- a Department of Biochemistry , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Yasmin Anum Mohd Yusof
- a Department of Biochemistry , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | | | - Suzana Makpol
- a Department of Biochemistry , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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Huang Y, Chen HJ, Zhu JH, Zhao FY, Qu Y, Mu DZ. [Effects of PINK1 gene on cell apoptosis and cell autophagy in neonatal mice with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2016; 18:263-269. [PMID: 26975827 PMCID: PMC7389992 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of PINK1 (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten induced putative kinase 1) gene on cell apoptosis and cell autophagy in neonatal mice with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). METHODS Seventy-two wild-type C57BL/6 mice and 72 PINK1 gene knockout neonatal C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: sham-operated wild-type (SWT), HIBD model wild-type (MWT), sham-operated knockout (SKO) and HIBD model knockout (MKO). HIBD model was prepared by low oxygen exposure for 2.5 hours after right carotid artery ligation. After 24 hours of hypoxia-ischemia treatment, TTC (2,3,5-triphenyl four azole nitrogen chloride) staining was used to measure brain infarct volume. The immunohistochemical staining was used to measure the expression of cell apoptosis protein cleaved-caspase-3 (CC3) in brain tissues. The TUNEL method was used to measure cell apoptosis. The immunofluorescence staining and Western blot were used to measure the expression of cell autophagy protein LC3. RESULTS Compared with the MWT group, the infarct volume of brain tissues was markedly reduced in the MKO group (P<0.05), the number of apoptotic cells and the cell apoptosis index were markedly decreased in the MKO group (P<0.05), the expression of apoptosis protein CC3 was significantly reduced in the MKO group (P<0.05), the expression of cell autophagy protein LC3 was significantly decreased in the MKO group, and the autophagy indicator LC3II/LC3I was also markedly reduced in the MKO group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS PINK1 gene knockout can protect neonatal mice from HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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