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Huang J, Zhu Z, Schlüter D, Lambertsen KL, Song W, Wang X. Ubiquitous regulation of cerebrovascular diseases by ubiquitin-modifying enzymes. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1719. [PMID: 38778460 PMCID: PMC11111633 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major threat to global health. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathology of CVDs is critical for the development of efficacious preventative and therapeutic approaches. Accumulating studies have highlighted the significance of ubiquitin-modifying enzymes (UMEs) in the regulation of CVDs. UMEs are a group of enzymes that orchestrate ubiquitination, a post-translational modification tightly involved in CVDs. Functionally, UMEs regulate multiple pathological processes in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, moyamoya disease, and atherosclerosis. Considering the important roles of UMEs in CVDs, they may become novel druggable targets for these diseases. Besides, techniques applying UMEs, such as proteolysis-targeting chimera and deubiquitinase-targeting chimera, may also revolutionize the therapy of CVDs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyong Huang
- Department of Vascular SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Zhenhu Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Dirk Schlüter
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Kate Lykke Lambertsen
- Department of Neurobiology ResearchInstitute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdense CDenmark
- BRIGDE—Brain Research—Inter‐Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdense CDenmark
- Department of NeurologyOdense University HospitalOdense CDenmark
| | - Weihong Song
- Oujiang LaboratoryKey Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental DisordersInstitute of AgingSchool of Mental HealthAffiliated Kangning HospitalThe Second Affiliated HospitalYuying Children's HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Oujiang LaboratoryKey Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental DisordersInstitute of AgingSchool of Mental HealthAffiliated Kangning HospitalThe Second Affiliated HospitalYuying Children's HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
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Ahmad F, Sudesh R, Ahmed AT, Arumugam M, Mathkor DM, Haque S. The multifaceted functions of long non-coding RNA HOTAIR in neuropathologies and its potential as a prognostic marker and therapeutic biotarget. Expert Rev Mol Med 2024; 26:e11. [PMID: 38682637 PMCID: PMC11140545 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2024.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are progressively being perceived as prominent molecular agents controlling multiple aspects of neuronal (patho)physiology. Amongst these is the HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA, often abbreviated as HOTAIR. HOTAIR epigenetically regulates its target genes via its interaction with two different chromatin-modifying agents; histone methyltransferase polycomb-repressive complex 2 and histone demethylase lysine-specific demethylase 1. Parenthetically, HOTAIR elicits trans-acting sponging function against multiple micro-RNA species. Oncological research studies have confirmed the pathogenic functions of HOTAIR in multiple cancer types, such as gliomas and proposed it as a pro-oncological lncRNA. In fact, its expression has been suggested to be a predictor of the severity/grade of gliomas, and as a prognostic biomarker. Moreover, a propound influence of HOTAIR in other aspects of brain heath and disease states is just beginning to be unravelled. The objective of this review is to recapitulate all the relevant data pertaining to the regulatory roles of HOTAIR in neuronal (patho)physiology. To this end, we discuss the pathogenic mechanisms of HOTAIR in multiple neuronal diseases, such as neurodegeneration, traumatic brain injury and neuropsychiatric disorders. Finally, we also summarize the results from the studies incriminating HOTAIR in the pathogeneses of gliomas and other brain cancers. Implications of HOTAIR serving as a suitable therapeutic target in neuropathologies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Ravi Sudesh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Atheeq Toufeeq Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Mohanapriya Arumugam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Darin Mansor Mathkor
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
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3
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Ahmad F, Sudesh R, Ahmed AT, Haque S. Roles of HOTAIR Long Non-coding RNA in Gliomas and Other CNS Disorders. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:23. [PMID: 38366205 PMCID: PMC10873238 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) which is increasingly being perceived as a tremendous molecular mediator of brain pathophysiology at multiple levels. Epigenetic regulation of target gene expression carried out by HOTAIR is thorough modulation of chromatin modifiers; histone methyltransferase polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and histone demethylase lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1). Incidentally, HOTAIR was the first lncRNA shown to elicit sponging of specific microRNA (miRNA or miR) species in a trans-acting manner. It has been extensively studied in various cancers, including gliomas and is regarded as a prominent pro-tumorigenic and pro-oncogenic lncRNA. Indeed, the expression of HOTAIR may serve as glioma grade predictor and prognostic biomarker. The objective of this timely review is not only to outline the multifaceted pathogenic roles of HOTAIR in the development and pathophysiology of gliomas and brain cancers, but also to delineate the research findings implicating it as a critical regulator of overall brain pathophysiology. While the major focus is on neuro-oncology, wherein HOTAIR represents a particularly potent underlying pathogenic player and a suitable therapeutic target, mechanisms underlying the regulatory actions of HOTAIR in neurodegeneration, traumatic, hypoxic and ischemic brain injuries, and neuropsychiatric disorders are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, India.
| | - Ravi Sudesh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, India
| | - A Toufeeq Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102 2801, Lebanon
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, 13306, United Arab Emirates
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4
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Guo Y, Cheng R, Wang Y, Gonzalez ME, Zhang H, Liu Y, Kleer CG, Xue L. Regulation of EZH2 protein stability: new mechanisms, roles in tumorigenesis, and roads to the clinic. EBioMedicine 2024; 100:104972. [PMID: 38244292 PMCID: PMC10835131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.104972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The importance of EZH2 as a key methyltransferase has been well documented theoretically. Practically, the first EZH2 inhibitor Tazemetostat (EPZ6438), was approved by FDA in 2020 and is used in clinic. However, for most solid tumors it is not as effective as desired and the scope of clinical indications is limited, suggesting that targeting its enzymatic activity may not be sufficient. Recent technologies focusing on the degradation of EZH2 protein have drawn attention due to their potential robust effects. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms that regulate EZH2 protein stability via post-translational modifications (PTMs), mainly including ubiquitination, phosphorylation, and acetylation. In addition, we discuss recent advancements of multiple proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) strategies and the latest degraders that can downregulate EZH2 protein. We aim to highlight future directions to expand the application of novel EZH2 inhibitors by targeting both EZH2 enzymatic activity and protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Guo
- Cancer Center of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Cancer Center of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Maria E Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hongshan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Cancer Center of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Celina G Kleer
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Lixiang Xue
- Cancer Center of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
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5
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Qin H, Liu C, Li C, Feng C, Bo Huang. Advances in bi-directional relationships for EZH2 and oxidative stress. Exp Cell Res 2024; 434:113876. [PMID: 38070859 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, polycomb repressive complex 2(PRC2) has emerged as a vital repressive complex in overall cell fate determination. In mammals, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EHZ2), which is the core component of PRC2, has also been recognized as an important regulator of inflammatory, redox, tumorigenesis and damage repair signalling networks. To exert these effects, EZH2 must regulate target genes epigenetically or interact directly with other gene expression-regulating factors, such as LncRNAs and microRNAs. Our review provides a comprehensive summary of research advances, discoveries and trends regarding the regulatory mechanisms between EZH2 and reactive oxygen species (ROS). First, we outline novel findings about how EZH2 regulates the generation of ROS at the molecular level. Then, we summarize how oxidative stress controls EHZ2 alteration (upregulation, downregulation, or phosphorylation) via various molecules and signalling pathways. Finally, we address why EZH2 and oxidative stress have an undefined relationship and provide potential future research ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Qin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China.
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China.
| | - Changqing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China.
| | - Chencheng Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China.
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China.
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Wu Y, Xu Z, Chen X, Fu G, Tian J, Jin B. RCC1 functions as a tumor facilitator in clear cell renal cell carcinoma by dysregulating cell cycle, apoptosis, and EZH2 stability. Cancer Med 2023; 12:19889-19903. [PMID: 37747077 PMCID: PMC10587970 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RCC1 functions as a pivotal guanine nucleotide exchange factor and was reported to be involved in mitosis, the assembly of the nuclear envelope, nucleocytoplasmic transport in cell physiological processes. Recent studies reported that RCC1 could regulate immunological pathways and promote the growth of some malignant solid tumors. However, the prognostic value and exact function of RCC1 remain unknown in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (cRCC). METHODS The UALCAN and KM plotter portals were used to analyze the expression profile and related tumor prognosis of RCC1 in ccRCC using data from TCGA. The expression profile of RCC1 was also confirmed in clinical samples using qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The role of RCC1 on ccRCC cells in vitro was confirmed by a series of functional assays. Animal experiments were performed to verify the suppressive effect of RCC1 knockdown on tumor growth in vivo. The correlation of RCC1 expression with that of EZH2 was explored in clinical samples using IHC. The interaction between RCC1 and EZH2 was further verified using a CO-IP assay and a protein stability assay. RESULTS RCC1 was upregulated in ccRCC tissues compared with normal tissues in TCGA dataset and paired clinical samples. RCC1 promoted ccRCC progression by accelerating the cell cycle and suppressing apoptosis. In addition, RCC1 could bind EZH2 and regulate its expression at the posttranscriptional level. RCC1 and EZH2 expression showed a strong correlation in clinical samples. Further investigation proved that RCC1 regulated EZH2 protein stability through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. CONCLUSIONS RCC1 could be a potential therapeutic target in ccRCC. The RCC1/EZH2 axis takes part in the development of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Urinary Bladder Carcinoma Innovation Diagnosis and TreatmentHangzhouChina
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Urinary Bladder Carcinoma Innovation Diagnosis and TreatmentHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Urinary Bladder Carcinoma Innovation Diagnosis and TreatmentHangzhouChina
| | - Guanghou Fu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Urinary Bladder Carcinoma Innovation Diagnosis and TreatmentHangzhouChina
| | - Junjie Tian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Urinary Bladder Carcinoma Innovation Diagnosis and TreatmentHangzhouChina
| | - Baiye Jin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Urinary Bladder Carcinoma Innovation Diagnosis and TreatmentHangzhouChina
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7
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Wu CS, Chien YC, Yen CJ, Wu JY, Bai LY, Yu YL. EZH2-mediated epigenetic silencing of tumor-suppressive let-7c/miR-99a cluster by hepatitis B virus X antigen enhances hepatocellular carcinoma progression and metastasis. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:199. [PMID: 37689710 PMCID: PMC10493019 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-encoded X antigen, HBx, assists in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through complex mechanisms. Our results provide new insights into the EZH2 epigenetic repression of let-7c that promotes HCC migration induced by HBx. Thus, let-7c and HMGA2 represent key diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of HBV-related HCC. RESULTS We investigated the epigenetic regulation of let-7c, an important representative miRNA in liver tumor metastasis, in human HCC cells to verify the effect of HBx. Based on quantitative PCR (qPCR) of mRNA isolated from tumor and adjacent non-tumor liver tissues of 24 patients with HBV-related HCC, EZH2 expression was significantly overexpressed in most HCC tissues (87.5%). We executed a miRNA microarray analysis in paired HBV-related HCC tumor and adjacent non-tumorous liver tissue from six of these patients and identified let-7c, miR-199a-3p, and miR-99a as being downregulated in the tumor tissue. Real-time PCR analysis verified significant downregulation of let-7c and miR-99a in both HepG2X and Hep3BX cells, which stably overexpress HBx, relative to parental cells. HBX enhanced EZH2 expression and attenuated let-7c expression to induce HMGA2 expression in the HCC cells. Knockdown of HMGA2 significantly downregulated the metastatic potential of HCC cells induced by HBx. CONCLUSIONS The deregulation of let-7c expression by HBx may indicate a potential novel pathway through deregulating cell metastasis and imply that HMGA2 might be used as a new prognostic marker and/or as an effective therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Shiou Wu
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Chien
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yan Wu
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yuan Bai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Luen Yu
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan.
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8
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Liu Y, Li YP, Xiao LM, Chen LK, Zheng SY, Zeng EM, Xu CH. Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells Carrying circ_0000075 Relieves Cerebral Ischemic Injury by Competitively Inhibiting miR-218-5p and Up-regulating E3 Ubiquitin Ligase SMURF2. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2801-2818. [PMID: 36732429 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV)-encapsulated circRNAs have the potential role in affecting brain disorders. However, the role of circ_0000075 in cerebral ischemic injury remains unclear. Here, we tried to investigate the mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived EVs carrying circ_0000075 in the control of cerebral ischemic injury. Initially, a mouse model with cerebral ischemic injury was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), followed by the determination of circ_0000075 expression. Then, neurons were isolated and subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion. BMSCs were isolated for extraction of EVs. The correlation among circ_0000075, microRNA (miR)-218-5p, and Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 2 (SMURF2) was detected with their roles in cerebral ischemic injury analyzed in vivo and in vitro. circ_0000075 was down-regulated in MCAO mice and engineered RVG-EVs were internalized by neurons to up-regulate circ_0000075 expression. Treatment of RVG-circ_0000075-EVs reduced brain tissue damage, increased neuronal count, and significantly curtailed apoptosis rate, suppressing cerebral ischemic injury in vitro and in vivo. miR-218-5p was targeted by circ_0000075 in neurons, which promoted SMURF2 expression. A negative correlation between SMURF2 and transcriptional regulator Yin Yang 1 (YY1) was identified. In vitro experiments further proved that circ_ 00,000 75 could down-regulate the expression of YY1 through SMURF2, and finally relieving cerebral ischemic injury. Collectively, engineered EVs delivered circ_0000075 into brain tissues and increased circ_0000075 expression, which down-regulated miR-218-5p and up-regulated SMURF2, thus alleviating cerebral ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Ping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Min Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ke Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Yue Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Er-Ming Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hua Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China.
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Kuser-Abali G, Zhang Y, Szeto P, Zhao P, Masoumi-Moghaddam S, Fedele CG, Leece I, Huang C, Cheung JG, Ameratunga M, Noguchi F, Andrews MC, Wong NC, Schittenhelm RB, Shackleton M. UHRF1/UBE2L6/UBR4-mediated ubiquitination regulates EZH2 abundance and thereby melanocytic differentiation phenotypes in melanoma. Oncogene 2023; 42:1360-1373. [PMID: 36906655 PMCID: PMC10121471 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02631-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity in cancer is linked to disease progression and therapy response, although mechanisms regulating distinct cellular states within tumors are not well understood. We identified melanin pigment content as a major source of cellular heterogeneity in melanoma and compared RNAseq data from high-pigmented (HPCs) and low-pigmented melanoma cells (LPCs), suggesting EZH2 as a master regulator of these states. EZH2 protein was found to be upregulated in LPCs and inversely correlated with melanin deposition in pigmented patient melanomas. Surprisingly, conventional EZH2 methyltransferase inhibitors, GSK126 and EPZ6438, had no effect on LPC survival, clonogenicity and pigmentation, despite fully inhibiting methyltransferase activity. In contrast, EZH2 silencing by siRNA or degradation by DZNep or MS1943 inhibited growth of LPCs and induced HPCs. As the proteasomal inhibitor MG132 induced EZH2 protein in HPCs, we evaluated ubiquitin pathway proteins in HPC vs LPCs. Biochemical assays and animal studies demonstrated that in LPCs, the E2-conjugating enzyme UBE2L6 depletes EZH2 protein in cooperation with UBR4, an E3 ligase, via ubiquitination at EZH2's K381 residue, and is downregulated in LPCs by UHRF1-mediated CpG methylation. Targeting UHRF1/UBE2L6/UBR4-mediated regulation of EZH2 offers potential for modulating the activity of this oncoprotein in contexts in which conventional EZH2 methyltransferase inhibitors are ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Kuser-Abali
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Youfang Zhang
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Pacman Szeto
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peinan Zhao
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Isobel Leece
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cheng Huang
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jen G Cheung
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Malaka Ameratunga
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Fumihito Noguchi
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Miles C Andrews
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas C Wong
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Shackleton
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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10
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Identification of Novel Circulating miRNAs in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063387. [PMID: 35328807 PMCID: PMC8955546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic strokes are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, but currently there are no reliable prognostic or diagnostic blood biomarkers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate various molecular pathways and may be used as biomarkers. Using RNA-Seq, we conducted comprehensive circulating miRNA profiling in patients with ischemic stroke compared with healthy controls. Samples were collected within 24 h of clinical diagnosis. Stringent analysis criteria of discovery (46 cases and 95 controls) and validation (47 cases and 96 controls) cohorts led to the identification of 10 differentially regulated miRNAs, including 5 novel miRNAs, with potential diagnostic significance. Hsa-miR-451a was the most significantly upregulated miRNA (FC; 4.8, FDR; 3.78 × 10−85), while downregulated miRNAs included hsa-miR-574-5p and hsa-miR-142-3p, among others. Importantly, we computed a multivariate classifier based on the identified miRNA panel to differentiate between ischemic stroke patients and healthy controls, which showed remarkably high sensitivity (0.94) and specificity (0.99). The area under the ROC curve was 0.97 and it is superior to other current available biomarkers. Moreover, in samples collected one month following stroke, we found sustained upregulation of hsa-miR-451a and downregulation of another 5 miRNAs. Lastly, we report 3 miRNAs that were significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes of stroke, as defined by the modified Rankin scores. The clinical translation of the identified miRNA panel may be explored further.
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11
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GSK-126 Protects CA1 Neurons from H3K27me3-Mediated Apoptosis in Cerebral Ischemia. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2552-2562. [PMID: 35091962 PMCID: PMC9016005 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02677-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics, including histone modifications, play a significant role in central nervous system diseases, but the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of H3K27me3 in regulating transcriptomic and pathogenic mechanisms following global ischemic stroke. Here, we found that in vivo ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury induced marked upregulation of H3K27me3 in the hippocampus. The administration of GSK-126 to rat brains decreased the levels of H3K27me3 in the hippocampus and reduced neuronal apoptosis after experimental stroke. Furthermore, ChIP-seq data demonstrated that the primary role of GSK-126 in the ischemic brain is to reduce H3K27me3 enrichment, mediating negative regulation of the execution phase of apoptosis and the MAPK signaling pathway. Further study suggested that the protective role of GSK-126 in ischemic rats was antagonized by U0126, an inhibitor of ERK1/2. Collectively, we demonstrated the potential of H3K27me3 as a novel stroke therapeutic target, and GSK-126 exerted a neuroprotective function in ischemic brain injury, which might be associated with activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway.
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12
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Parreno V, Martinez AM, Cavalli G. Mechanisms of Polycomb group protein function in cancer. Cell Res 2022; 32:231-253. [PMID: 35046519 PMCID: PMC8888700 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-021-00606-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractCancer arises from a multitude of disorders resulting in loss of differentiation and a stem cell-like phenotype characterized by uncontrolled growth. Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins are members of multiprotein complexes that are highly conserved throughout evolution. Historically, they have been described as essential for maintaining epigenetic cellular memory by locking homeotic genes in a transcriptionally repressed state. What was initially thought to be a function restricted to a few target genes, subsequently turned out to be of much broader relevance, since the main role of PcG complexes is to ensure a dynamically choregraphed spatio-temporal regulation of their numerous target genes during development. Their ability to modify chromatin landscapes and refine the expression of master genes controlling major switches in cellular decisions under physiological conditions is often misregulated in tumors. Surprisingly, their functional implication in the initiation and progression of cancer may be either dependent on Polycomb complexes, or specific for a subunit that acts independently of other PcG members. In this review, we describe how misregulated Polycomb proteins play a pleiotropic role in cancer by altering a broad spectrum of biological processes such as the proliferation-differentiation balance, metabolism and the immune response, all of which are crucial in tumor progression. We also illustrate how interfering with PcG functions can provide a powerful strategy to counter tumor progression.
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13
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Wang Y, Mao J, Li X, Wang B, Zhou X. lncRNA HOTAIR mediates OGD/R-induced cell injury and angiogenesis in a EZH2-dependent manner. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:99. [PMID: 34976141 PMCID: PMC8674968 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.11022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) serve an important role in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) have been reported to regulate the activity of HIE-associated proteins. The present study aimed to elucidate the role of Hox transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced injury in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMVECs). The levels of HOTAIR were evaluated in the serum of neonatal patients with HIE, and the effects of HOTAIR were evaluated using in vitro assays, such as reverse transcription-quantitative PCR to detect lncRNA and mRNA levels and western blot analysis to determine protein levels. Moreover, RNA immunoprecipitation assays were used to evaluate the association between HOTAIR and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to detect cell viability, an endothelial monolayer cell permeability assay was used to analyze cell viability, TUNEL staining was used to detect the levels of apoptosis, a Transwell assay was used to evaluate cell invasion and a tube formation assay was used to analyze tube formation ability. In addition, the effects of HOTAIR and EZH2 on cell apoptosis and the invasive and tube formation abilities of hBMVECs were investigated using TUNEL, Transwell and tube formation assays, respectively. The results showed that the expression levels of HOTAIR were markedly increased both in neonatal HIE patients and in the OGD/R injury in vitro model. HOTAIR knockdown reduced hBMVEC viability, enhanced cell permeability and apoptosis, in addition to decreasing the expression levels of tight junction-related proteins, such as zonula occludens-1, occluden, Claudin5 and vascular endothelial-cadherin. However, EZH2 overexpression reversed the effects of HOTAIR silencing on hBMVECs. Additionally, HOTAIR knockdown enhanced the migratory and tube formation abilities of OGD/R-induced hBMVECs, which were also reversed by EZH2 overexpression. Overall, the present study revealed an association between the HOTAIR/EZH2 axis and brain microvascular endothelial cell injury and angiogenesis, which provides a novel insight into the molecular mechanism underlying stroke or the development of new pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Jiaoyu Mao
- Department of Neonatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Neonatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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14
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The Pivotal Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase in the Glioma Microenvironment: Its Biomarker and Therapy Potentials. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2021; 2021:4907167. [PMID: 34745848 PMCID: PMC8566080 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4907167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a histone-lysine N-methyltransferase that encrypts a member of the Polycomb group (PcG) family. EZH2 forms a repressive chromatin structure which eventually participates in regulating the development as well as lineage propagation of stem cells and glioma progression. Posttranslational modifications are distinct approaches for the adjusted modification of EZH2 in the development of cancer. The amino acid succession of EZH2 protein makes it appropriate for covalent modifications, like phosphorylation, acetylation, O-GlcNAcylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation. The glioma microenvironment is a dynamic component that comprises, besides glioma cells and glioma stem cells, a complex network that comprises diverse cell types like endothelial cells, astrocytes, and microglia as well as stromal components, soluble factors, and the extracellular membrane. EZH2 is well recognized as an essential modulator of cell invasion as well as metastasis in glioma. EZH2 oversecretion was implicated in the malfunction of several fundamental signaling pathways like Wnt/β-catenin signaling, Ras and NF-κB signaling, PI3K/AKT signaling, β-adrenergic receptor signaling, and bone morphogenetic protein as well as NOTCH signaling pathways. EZH2 was more secreted in glioblastoma multiforme than in low-grade gliomas as well as extremely secreted in U251 and U87 human glioma cells. Thus, the blockade of EZH2 expression in glioma could be of therapeutic value for patients with glioma. The suppression of EZH2 gene secretion was capable of reversing temozolomide resistance in patients with glioma. EZH2 is a promising therapeutic as well as prognostic biomarker for the treatment of glioma.
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15
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Zhao S, El-Deiry WS. Identification of Smurf2 as a HIF-1α degrading E3 ubiquitin ligase. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1970-1979. [PMID: 34611473 PMCID: PMC8487721 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The major adaptive response to hypoxia involves hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-1α which is regulated by von Hippel Lindau (VHL) E3 ligase. We previously observed a stabilization of HIF-1α by cyclin-dependent kinases CDK1 and CDK4/6 that is independent of VHL, hypoxia or p53, and found that CDK4/6 inhibitors destabilize HIF-1α under normoxia and hypoxia. To further investigate the molecular mechanism of HIF-1α destabilization by CDK1 or CDK4/6 inhibitors, we performed a proteomic screen on immunoprecipitated HIF-1α from hypoxic colorectal cancer cells that were either untreated or treated with CDK1 inhibitor Ro3306 and CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib. Our proteomics screen identified a number of candidates that were enriched in palbociclib-treated hypoxic cells including SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (Smurf2). We also identified a HIF-1α peptide that appeared to be differentially phosphorylated after palbociclib treatment. Gene knockdown of SMURF2 increased basal expression of HIF-1α even in the presence of Ro3306 or two different CDK4/6 inhibitors, palbociclib and abemaciclib. Overexpression of Smurf2 inhibited expression of HIF-1α and enhanced HIF-1α ubiquitination in normoxia. Proteasome inhibitor MG-132 partially rescued HIF-1α expression when Smurf2 was overexpressed. Smurf2 overexpression also inhibited HIF-1α expression level in two other cell lines, SW480 and VHL-deficient RCC4. Overexpression of SMURF2 mRNA is correlated with improved disease-free survival and overall survival in clear cell renal cell cancer. Our results unravel a previously unknown mechanism involving Smurf2 for HIF-1α destabilization in CDK4/6 inhibitor-treated cells, thereby shedding light on VHL-independent HIF-1α regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhao
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, RI, USA
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Wafik S. El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, RI, USA
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Hematology/Oncology Division, Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, RI, USA
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16
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The progress of research on histone methylation in ischemic stroke pathogenesis. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 78:1-8. [PMID: 34472033 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00841-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Stroke, also known as cerebral stroke or cerebrovascular accident, refers to acute ischemic or hemorrhagic encephalopathy caused by a disturbance to cerebral blood flow. Ischemic stroke is the most common type of cerebral stroke, accounting for approximately 80% of the total incidence of clinical stroke. High morbidity, disability, and mortality rates place heavy burdens on the families of patients and society. An increasing number of studies have shown that histone modification plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke, but most studies on histone modification focus on acetylation, and studies on the role of histone methylation in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke are limited. Here, we review the role of histone methylation and related histone methyltransferase (HMT) inhibitors in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and related HMT inhibitors in the treatment of ischemic stroke, which may open up a new avenue to the study of ischemic stroke.
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17
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Ciptasari U, van Bokhoven H. The phenomenal epigenome in neurodevelopmental disorders. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:R42-R50. [PMID: 32766754 PMCID: PMC7530535 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of chromatin structure due to epimutations is a leading genetic etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, collectively known as chromatinopathies. We show that there is an increasing level of convergence from the high diversity of genes that are affected by mutations to the molecular networks and pathways involving the respective proteins, the disrupted cellular and subcellular processes, and their consequence for higher order cellular network function. This convergence is ultimately reflected by specific phenotypic features shared across the various chromatinopathies. Based on these observations, we propose that the commonly disrupted molecular and cellular anomalies might provide a rational target for the development of symptomatic interventions for defined groups of genetically distinct neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummi Ciptasari
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud university medical center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud university medical center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud university medical center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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18
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Pinton G, Wang Z, Balzano C, Missaglia S, Tavian D, Boldorini R, Fennell DA, Griffin M, Moro L. CDKN2A Determines Mesothelioma Cell Fate to EZH2 Inhibition. Front Oncol 2021; 11:678447. [PMID: 34277422 PMCID: PMC8281343 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.678447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer, heterogeneous in its presentation and behaviour. Despite an increasing knowledge about molecular markers and their diagnostic and prognostic value, they are not used as much as they might be for treatment allocation. It has been recently reported that mesothelioma cells that lack BAP1 (BRCA1 Associated Protein) are sensitive to inhibition of the EZH2 (Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2) histone methyltransferase. Since we observed strong H3K27me3 (histone H3 lysine 27 trimetylation) immunoreactivity in BAP1 wild-type mesothelioma biopsies, we decided to characterize in vitro the response/resistance of BAP1 wild-type mesothelioma cells to the EZH2 selective inhibitor, EPZ-6438. Here we demonstrate that BAP1 wild-type mesothelioma cells were rendered sensitive to EPZ-6438 upon SIRT1 (Sirtuin 1) silencing/inhibition or when cultured as multicellular spheroids, in which SIRT1 expression was lower compared to cells grown in monolayers. Notably, treatment of spheroids with EPZ-6438 abolished H3K27me3 and induced the expression of CDKN2A (Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A), causing cell growth arrest. EPZ-6438 treatment also resulted in a rapid and sustained induction of the genes encoding HIF2α (Hypoxia Inducible Factor 2α), TG2 (Transglutaminase 2) and IL-6 (Interleukin 6). Loss of CDKN2 is a common event in mesothelioma. CDKN2A silencing in combination with EPZ-6438 treatment induced apoptotic death in mesothelioma spheroids. In a CDKN2A wild-type setting apoptosis was induced by combining EPZ-6438 with 1-155, a TG2 selective and irreversible inhibitor. In conclusion, our data suggests that the expression of CDKN2A predicts cell fate in response to EZH2 inhibition and could potentially stratify tumors likely to undergo apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pinton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy,*Correspondence: Laura Moro, ; Giulia Pinton,
| | - Zhuo Wang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilia Balzano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Sara Missaglia
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centro di Ricerca in Biochimica E Nutrizione dello Sport (CRIBENS), Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Tavian
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centro di Ricerca in Biochimica E Nutrizione dello Sport (CRIBENS), Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Renzo Boldorini
- Department of Health Science, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Dean A. Fennell
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Griffin
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Moro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy,*Correspondence: Laura Moro, ; Giulia Pinton,
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19
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Manikoth Ayyathan D, Levy-Cohen G, Shubely M, Boutros-Suleiman S, Lepechkin-Zilbermintz V, Shokhen M, Albeck A, Gruzman A, Blank M. Development and characterisation of SMURF2-targeting modifiers. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:401-409. [PMID: 33430646 PMCID: PMC7808752 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1871337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The C2-WW-HECT-domain E3 ubiquitin ligase SMURF2 emerges as an important regulator of diverse cellular processes. To date, SMURF2-specific modulators were not developed. Here, we generated and investigated a set of SMURF2-targeting synthetic peptides and peptidomimetics designed to stimulate SMURF2’s autoubiquitination and turnover via a disruption of the inhibitory intramolecular interaction between its C2 and HECT domains. The results revealed the effects of these molecules both in vitro and in cellulo at the nanomolar concentration range. Moreover, the data showed that targeting of SMURF2 with either these modifiers or SMURF2-specific shRNAs could accelerate cell growth in a cell-context-dependent manner. Intriguingly, a concomitant cell treatment with a selected SMURF2-targeting compound and the DNA-damaging drug etoposide markedly increased the cytotoxicity produced by this drug in growing cells. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that SMURF2 can be druggable through its self-destructive autoubiquitination, and inactivation of SMURF2 might be used to affect cell sensitivity to certain anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanoop Manikoth Ayyathan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Gal Levy-Cohen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Moran Shubely
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sandy Boutros-Suleiman
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | | | - Michael Shokhen
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Amnon Albeck
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Arie Gruzman
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michael Blank
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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20
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Leira Y, Mascarenhas P, Blanco J, Sobrino T, Mendes JJ, Machado V, Botelho J. Network Protein Interaction in the Link between Stroke and Periodontitis Interplay: A Pilot Bioinformatic Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050787. [PMID: 34065604 PMCID: PMC8160956 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical interaction between stroke and periodontitis has been consistently studied and confirmed. Hence, exploring potentially new protein interactions in this association using bioinformatic strategies presents potential interest. In this exploratory study, we conducted a protein-protein network interaction (PPI) search with documented encoded proteins for both stroke and periodontitis. Genes of interest were collected via GWAS database. The STRING database was used to predict the PPI networks, first in a sensitivity purpose (confidence cut-off of 0.7), and then with a highest confidence cut-off (0.9). Genes over-representation was inspected in the final network. As a result, we foresee a prospective protein network of interaction between stroke and periodontitis. Inflammation, pro-coagulant/pro-thrombotic state and, ultimately, atheroma plaque rupture is the main biological mechanism derived from the network. These pilot results may pave the way to future molecular and therapeutic studies to further comprehend the mechanisms between these two conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yago Leira
- Periodontology Unit, Faculty of Odontology and Medicine, Medical-Surgical Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (Y.L.); (J.B.)
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute & NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Paulo Mascarenhas
- Center for Medical Genetics and Pediatric Nutrition Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal;
- Evidence-Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (J.J.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Juan Blanco
- Periodontology Unit, Faculty of Odontology and Medicine, Medical-Surgical Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (Y.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Tomás Sobrino
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - José João Mendes
- Evidence-Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (J.J.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Vanessa Machado
- Evidence-Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (J.J.M.); (V.M.)
- Periodontology Department, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz—Cooperata de Ensino Superior, CRL, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - João Botelho
- Evidence-Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (J.J.M.); (V.M.)
- Periodontology Department, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz—Cooperata de Ensino Superior, CRL, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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21
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TRIM25 regulates oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer by promoting EZH2 stability. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:463. [PMID: 33966039 PMCID: PMC8106682 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy remains the major cause of treatment failure in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we identified TRIM25 as an epigenetic regulator of oxaliplatin (OXA) resistance in CRC. The level of TRIM25 in OXA-resistant patients who experienced recurrence during the follow-up period was significantly higher than in those who had no recurrence. Patients with high expression of TRIM25 had a significantly higher recurrence rate and worse disease-free survival than those with low TRIM25 expression. Downregulation of TRIM25 dramatically inhibited, while overexpression of TRIM25 increased, CRC cell survival after OXA treatment. In addition, TRIM25 promoted the stem cell properties of CRC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, we demonstrated that TRIM25 inhibited the binding of E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF6 to EZH2, thus stabilizing and upregulating EZH2, and promoting OXA resistance. Our study contributes to a better understanding of OXA resistance and indicates that inhibitors against TRIM25 might be an excellent strategy for CRC management in clinical practice.
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22
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Su H, Fan S, Zhang L, Qi H. TMAO Aggregates Neurological Damage Following Ischemic Stroke by Promoting Reactive Astrocytosis and Glial Scar Formation via the Smurf2/ALK5 Axis. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:569424. [PMID: 33815059 PMCID: PMC8012716 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.569424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke has been reported to cause significant changes to memory, thinking, and behavior. Intriguingly, recently reported studies have indicated the association of Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) with the acute phase of ischemic stroke. However, the comprehensive underlying mechanism remained unknown. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between TMAO and recovery of neurological function after ischemic stroke. For this purpose, a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat model was established and treated with TMAO or/and sh-ALK5, followed by the neurological function evaluation. Behaviors of rats were observed through staircase and cylinder tests. Moreover, the expression of Smurf2 and ALK5 was detected by immunohistochemistry while expression of GFAP, Neurocan, and Phosphacan in brain tissues was determined by immunofluorescence. Thereafter, gain- and loss-of-function assays in astrocytes, the proliferation, viability, and migration were evaluated by the EdU, CCK-8, and Transwell assays. Besides, Smurf2 mRNA expression was determined by the RT-qPCR, whereas, Smurf2, ALK5, GFAP, Neurocan, and Phosphacan expression was evaluated by the Western blotting. Finally, the interaction of Smurf2 with ALK5 and ALK5 ubiquitination was assessed by the co-immunoprecipitation. Notably, our results showed that TMAO promoted the proliferation of reactive astrocyte and formation of glial scar in MCAO/R rats. However, this effect was abolished by the Smurf2 overexpression or ALK5 silencing. We further found that TMAO upregulated the ALK5 expression by inhibiting the ubiquitination role of Smurf2. Overexpression of ALK5 reversed the inhibitory effect of Smurf2 on astrocyte proliferation, migration, and viability. Collectively, our work identifies the evolutionarily TMAO/Smurf2/ALK5 signaling as a major genetic factor in the control of reactive astrocyte proliferation and glial scar formation in ischemic stroke, thus laying a theoretical foundation for the identification of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaoping Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Longhua District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lingqiong Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Liu H, Sun S, Liu B. Smurf2 exerts neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemic injury. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100537. [PMID: 33722608 PMCID: PMC8363835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore specific mechanisms involved in mediating the neuroprotective effects of Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 2 (Smurf2) in cerebral ischemic injury. A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse model and an oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD)–treated neuron model were developed. The expression of Smurf2, Yin Yang 1 (YY1), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF1α), and DNA damage–inducible transcript 4 gene (DDIT4) was analyzed. Thereafter, the expression of Smurf2, YY1, HIF1α, and DDIT4 was altered in the MCAO mice and OGD-treated neurons. Apoptosis in tissues and cerebral infarction were assessed. In neurons, the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, viability, and apoptosis were assessed, followed by evaluation of lactate dehydrogenase leakage rate. The interaction between Smurf2 and YY1 was analyzed by coimmunoprecipitation assay and that between YY1 ubiquitination by in vivo ubiquitination experiment. The results showed downregulation of Smurf2 and upregulation of YY1, HIF1α, and DDIT4 in both MCAO mice and OGD-treated neurons. Smurf2 elevated YY1 ubiquitination and degradation, and YY1 increased HIF1α expression to promote DDIT4 in neurons. Overexpressed Smurf2 or downregulated YY1, HIF1α, or DDIT4 reduced the volume of cerebral infarction and apoptosis in MCAO mice, while enhancing cell viability and reducing apoptosis and lactate dehydrogenase leakage in OGD-treated neurons. In summary, our findings elucidated a neuroprotective role of Smurf2 in cerebral ischemic injury via inactivation of the YY1/HIF1α/DDIT4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Liu
- Department of Paediatrics, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Shengtao Sun
- Department of Paediatrics, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Paediatrics, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China.
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24
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Noncanonical Functions of the Polycomb Group Protein EZH2 in Breast Cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:774-783. [PMID: 33556366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Enhancer of Zeste Homologue 2 (EZH2) is the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) that is critical for determining cell identity. An epigenetic writer, EZH2 has a well-defined role in transcriptional repression by depositing trimethyl marks on lysine 27 of histone H3. However, there is mounting evidence that histone methyltransferases like EZH2 exert histone methyltransferase-independent functions. The relevance of these functions to breast cancer progression and their regulatory mechanisms are only beginning to become understood. Here, we review the current understanding of EZH2 H3K27me3-independent, noncanonical, functions and their regulation in breast cancer.
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25
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Ma M, Yang W, Cai Z, Wang P, Li H, Mi R, Jiang Y, Xie Z, Sui P, Wu Y, Shen H. SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase 2 promotes angiogenesis by facilitating PTX3 degradation in MSCs from patients with ankylosing spondylitis. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2021; 39:581-599. [PMID: 33547700 PMCID: PMC8248389 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated angiogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is closely related to inflammation and disrupted bone metabolism in patients with various autoimmune diseases. However, the role of MSCs in the development of abnormal angiogenesis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) remains unclear. In this study, we cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with bone marrow-derived MSCs from patients with AS (ASMSCs) or healthy donors (HDMSCs) in vitro. Then, the cocultured HUVECs were assayed using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) to evaluate the cell proliferation. A wound healing assay was performed to investigate cell migration, and a tube formation assay was conducted to determine the angiogenesis efficiency. ASMSCs exhibited increased angiogenesis, and increased expression of SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase 2 (Smurf2) in MSCs was the main cause of abnormal angiogenesis in patients with AS. Downregulation of Smurf2 in ASMSCs blocked angiogenesis, whereas overexpression of Smurf2 in HDMSCs promoted angiogenesis. The pro-angiogenic effect of Smurf2 was confirmed by the results of a Matrigel plug assay in vivo. By functioning as an E3 ubiquitin ligase in MSCs, Smurf2 regulated the levels of pentraxin 3 (PTX3), which has been shown to suppress angiogenesis through the PTX3-fibroblast growth factor 2 pathway. Moreover, Smurf2 transcription was regulated by activating transcription factor 4-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress. In conclusion, these results identify novel roles of Smurf2 in negatively regulating PTX3 stability and promoting angiogenesis in ASMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaopeng Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Rujia Mi
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyu Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Wu
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyong Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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26
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Li Z, Li M, Wang D, Hou P, Chen X, Chu S, Chai D, Zheng J, Bai J. Post-translational modifications of EZH2 in cancer. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:143. [PMID: 33308321 PMCID: PMC7731458 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00505-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), as a main component of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2, catalyzes histone H3K27me3 to silence its target gene expression. EZH2 upregulation results in cancer development and poor prognosis of cancer patients. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are important biological events in cancer progression. PTMs regulate protein conformation and diversity functions. Recently, mounting studies have demonstrated that EZH2 stability, histone methyltransferase activity, localization, and binding partners can be regulated by PTMs, including phosphorylation, O-GlcNAcylation, acetylation, methylation and ubiquitination. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of the EZH2-PTMs and whether other types of PTMs occur in EZH2 remain largely unclear. This review presents an overview of different roles of EZH2 modification and EZH2-PTMs crosstalk during tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis. We also discussed the therapeutic potential of targeting EZH2 modifications for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Minle Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Diandian Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pingfu Hou
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xintian Chen
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sufang Chu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dafei Chai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jin Bai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.
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27
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Wang S, Qi S, Kogure Y, Kanda H, Tian L, Yamamoto S, Noguchi K, Dai Y. The ubiquitin E3 ligase Nedd4-2 relieves mechanical allodynia through the ubiquitination of TRPA1 channel in db/db mice. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:1691-1704. [PMID: 33236491 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated protein 4-2 (Nedd4-2) is a member of the E3 ubiquitin ligase family that is highly expressed in sensory neurons and involved in pain modulation via downregulation of ion channels in excitable membranes. Ubiquitination involving Nedd4-2 is regulated by adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is impaired in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of db/db mice. AMPK negatively regulates the expression of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), a recognised pain sensor expressed on the membrane of DRG neurons, consequently relieving mechanical allodynia in db/db mice. Herein, we studied the involvement of Nedd4-2 in painful diabetic neuropathy and observed that Nedd4-2 negatively regulated diabetic mechanical allodynia. Nedd4-2 was co-expressed with TRPA1 in mouse DRG neurons. Nedd4-2 was involved in TRPA1 ubiquitination, this ubiquitination, as well as Nedd4-2-TRPA1 interaction, was decreased in db/db mice. Moreover, Nedd4-2 levels were decreased in db/db mice, while an abnormal intracellular distribution was observed in short-term high glucose-cultured DRG neurons. AMPK activators not only restored Nedd4-2 distribution but also increased Nedd4-2 expression. These findings demonstrate that Nedd4-2 is a potent regulator of TRPA1 and that the abnormal expression of Nedd4-2 in DRG neurons contributes to diabetic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Wang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Simin Qi
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yoko Kogure
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hirosato Kanda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Traditional Medicine Research Center, Chinese Medicine Confucius Institute at Hyogo College of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Gerontology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Satoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Koichi Noguchi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Traditional Medicine Research Center, Chinese Medicine Confucius Institute at Hyogo College of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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28
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Guajardo L, Aguilar R, Bustos FJ, Nardocci G, Gutiérrez RA, van Zundert B, Montecino M. Downregulation of the Polycomb-Associated Methyltransferase Ezh2 during Maturation of Hippocampal Neurons Is Mediated by MicroRNAs Let-7 and miR-124. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228472. [PMID: 33187138 PMCID: PMC7697002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ezh2 is a catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) which mediates epigenetic gene silencing through depositing the mark histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) at target genomic sequences. Previous studies have demonstrated that Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (Ezh2) was differentially expressed during maturation of hippocampal neurons; in immature neurons, Ezh2 was abundantly expressed, whereas in mature neurons the expression Ezh2 was significantly reduced. Here, we report that Ezh2 is downregulated by microRNAs (miRs) that are expressed during the hippocampal maturation process. We show that, in mature hippocampal neurons, lethal-7 (let-7) and microRNA-124 (miR-124) are robustly expressed and can target cognate motifs at the 3′-UTR of the Ezh2 gene sequence to downregulate Ezh2 expression. Together, these data demonstrate that the PRC2 repressive activity during hippocampal maturation is controlled through a post-transcriptional mechanism that mediates Ezh2 downregulation in mature neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Guajardo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (L.G.); (R.A.); (F.J.B.); (G.N.)
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago 8370186, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo Aguilar
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (L.G.); (R.A.); (F.J.B.); (G.N.)
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago 8370186, Chile;
| | - Fernando J. Bustos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (L.G.); (R.A.); (F.J.B.); (G.N.)
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago 8370186, Chile;
- CARE Biomedical Research Center, Santiago 83370186, Chile
| | - Gino Nardocci
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (L.G.); (R.A.); (F.J.B.); (G.N.)
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago 8370186, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo A. Gutiérrez
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago 8370186, Chile;
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Brigitte van Zundert
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (L.G.); (R.A.); (F.J.B.); (G.N.)
- CARE Biomedical Research Center, Santiago 83370186, Chile
- Correspondence: (B.v.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Martin Montecino
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (L.G.); (R.A.); (F.J.B.); (G.N.)
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago 8370186, Chile;
- Correspondence: (B.v.Z.); (M.M.)
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29
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Yang Y, Li G. Post-translational modifications of PRC2: signals directing its activity. Epigenetics Chromatin 2020; 13:47. [PMID: 33129354 PMCID: PMC7603765 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-020-00369-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is a chromatin-modifying enzyme that catalyses the methylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me1/2/3). This complex maintains gene transcriptional repression and plays an essential role in the maintenance of cellular identity as well as normal organismal development. The activity of PRC2, including its genomic targeting and catalytic activity, is controlled by various signals. Recent studies have revealed that these signals involve cis chromatin features, PRC2 facultative subunits and post-translational modifications (PTMs) of PRC2 subunits. Overall, these findings have provided insight into the biochemical signals directing PRC2 function, although many mysteries remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Yang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Gang Li
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China. .,Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China. .,Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
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30
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Guo Y, Li X, He Z, Ma D, Zhang Z, Wang W, Xiong J, Kuang X, Wang J. HDAC3 Silencing Enhances Acute B Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Cells Sensitivity to MG-132 by Inhibiting the JAK/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Signaling Pathway. Chemotherapy 2020; 65:85-100. [PMID: 32966974 DOI: 10.1159/000500713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE HDAC3, which is associated with smurf2, has been shown to be associated with poor prognosis in B-ALL. This study examined the efficacy of targeting HDAC3 combined with MG-132 as a possible therapeutic strategy for B-ALL patients. METHODS Real-time PCR and western blot were used to measure the expression of smurf2 and HDAC3 from B-ALL patients bone marrow samples. Sup-B15 and CCRF-SB cells were treated with MG-132, small interfering RNA of smurf2 or HDAC3. A plasmid designed to up-regulate smurf2 expression was transfected into B-ALL cells. Flow cytometry and western blot were used to measure variation due to these treatments in terms of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. RESULTS Expression of Smurf2 and HDAC3 mRNA were inversely related in B-ALL patients. Up-regulation of smurf2 or MG-132 influenced HDAC3, further inhibiting the JAK/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signal pathway and inducing apoptosis in B-ALL cells. When we treated Sup-B15 and CCRF-SB cells with siHDAC3 and MG-132 for 24 h, silencing HDAC3 enhanced the apoptosis rate induced by MG-132 in B-ALL cells and further inhibited the JAK/STAT3 pathway. Furthermore, MG-132 was observed to cause G2/M phase arrest in B-ALL cells and inhibited the JAK/STAT3 pathway, leading to apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Silencing of HDAC3 enhanced the sensitivity of B-ALL cells to MG-132. The combination of targeting HDAC3 and MG-132 may provide a new avenue for clinical treatment of acute B lymphocytic leukaemia and improve the poor survival of leukaemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongling Guo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Hematology, Guiyang Hospital of Guizhou Aviation Industry Group, Guiyang, China
| | - Xinyao Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhengchang He
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Weili Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Xinyi Kuang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jishi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China,
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31
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Luo Y, Fang Y, Kang R, Lenahan C, Gamdzyk M, Zhang Z, Okada T, Tang J, Chen S, Zhang JH. Inhibition of EZH2 (Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2) Attenuates Neuroinflammation via H3k27me3/SOCS3/TRAF6/NF-κB (Trimethylation of Histone 3 Lysine 27/Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3/Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Family 6/Nuclear Factor-κB) in a Rat Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Stroke 2020; 51:3320-3331. [PMID: 32933418 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.029951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neuroinflammation has been proven to play an important role in the pathogenesis of early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2)-mediated H3K27Me3 (trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 27) has been recognized to play a critical role in multiple inflammatory diseases. However, there is still a lack of evidence to address the effect of EZH2 on the immune response of SAH. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the role of EZH2 in SAH-induced neuroinflammation and explore the effect of EZH2 inhibition with its specific inhibitor EPZ6438. METHODS The endovascular perforation method was performed on rats to induce subarachnoid hemorrhage. EPZ6438, a specific EZH2 inhibitor, was administered intraperitoneally at 1 hour after SAH. SOCS3 (Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3) siRNA and H3K27me3 CRISPR were administered intracerebroventricularly at 48 hours before SAH to explore potential mechanisms. The SAH grade, short-term and long-term neurobehavioral tests, immunofluorescence staining, and western blots were performed after SAH. RESULTS The expression of EZH2 and H3K27me3 peaked at 24 hours after SAH. In addition, inhibition of EZH2 with EPZ6438 significantly improved neurological deficits both in short-term and long-term outcome studies. Moreover, EPZ6438 treatment significantly decreased the levels of EZH2, H3K27Me3, pathway-related proteins TRAF6 (TNF [tumor necrosis factor] receptor family 6), NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) p65, proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL (interleukin)-6, IL-1β, but increased the expression levels of SOCS3 and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Furthermore, administration of SOCS3 siRNA and H3k27me3-activating CRISPR partly abolished the neuroprotective effect of EPZ6438, which indicated that the neuroprotective effect of EPZ6438 acted, at least partly, through activation of SOCS3. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the inhibition of EZH2 by EPZ6438 attenuated neuroinflammation via H3K27me3/SOCS3/TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway after SAH in rats. By targeting EZH2, this study may provide an innovative method to ameliorate early brain injury after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (Y.L., Y.F., Z.Z., S.C.)
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (Y.L., Y.F., Z.Z., S.C.)
| | - Ruiqing Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA (R.K., C.L., M.G., T.O., J.T., J.H.Z.)
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA (R.K., C.L., M.G., T.O., J.T., J.H.Z.).,Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM (C.L.)
| | - Marcin Gamdzyk
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA (R.K., C.L., M.G., T.O., J.T., J.H.Z.)
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (Y.L., Y.F., Z.Z., S.C.)
| | - Takeshi Okada
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (Y.L., Y.F., Z.Z., S.C.)
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA (R.K., C.L., M.G., T.O., J.T., J.H.Z.)
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China (Y.L., Y.F., Z.Z., S.C.)
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA (R.K., C.L., M.G., T.O., J.T., J.H.Z.)
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32
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Yuan H, Han Y, Wang X, Li N, Liu Q, Yin Y, Wang H, Pan L, Li L, Song K, Qiu T, Pan Q, Chen Q, Zhang G, Zang Y, Tan M, Zhang J, Li Q, Wang X, Jiang J, Qin J. SETD2 Restricts Prostate Cancer Metastasis by Integrating EZH2 and AMPK Signaling Pathways. Cancer Cell 2020; 38:350-365.e7. [PMID: 32619406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The level of SETD2-mediated H3K36me3 is inversely correlated with that of EZH2-catalyzed H3K27me3. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether these two enzymatic activities are molecularly intertwined. Here, we report that SETD2 delays prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis via its substrate EZH2. We show that SETD2 methylates EZH2 which promotes EZH2 degradation. SETD2 deficiency induces a Polycomb-repressive chromatin state that enables cells to acquire metastatic traits. Conversely, mice harboring nonmethylated EZH2 mutant or SETD2 mutant defective in binding to EZH2 develop metastatic PCa. Furthermore, we identify that metformin-stimulated AMPK signaling converges at FOXO3 to stimulate SETD2 expression. Together, our results demonstrate that the SETD2-EZH2 axis integrates metabolic and epigenetic signaling to restrict PCa metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huairui Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ying Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xuege Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ni Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qiuli Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yuye Yin
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Department of Microbes and Infection, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Hanling Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lulu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Kun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Tong Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, 20 Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qilong Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yi Zang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Minjia Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qintong Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, 20 Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Department of Microbes and Infection, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
| | - Jun Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
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Abstract
As a unique subpopulation of cancer cells, cancer stem cells (CSCs) acquire the resistance to conventional therapies and appear to be the prime cause of cancer recurrence. Like their normal counterparts, CSCs can renew themselves and generate differentiated progenies. Cancer stem cells are distinguished among heterogenous cancer cells by molecular markers and their capacity of efficiently forming new tumors composed of diverse and heterogenous cancer cells. Tumor heterogeneity can be inter- or intra-tumor, molecularly resulting from the accumulation of genetic and non-genetic alterations. Non-genetic alterations are mainly changes on epigenetic modifications of DNA and histone, and chromatin remodeling. As tumor-initiating cells and contributing to the tumor heterogeneity in the brain, glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) attract extensive research interests. Epigenetic modifications confer on tumor cells including CSCs reversible and inheritable genomic changes and affect gene expression without alteration in DNA sequence. Here, we will review recent advances in histone demethylation, DNA methylation, RNA methylation and ubiquitination in glioblastomas and their impacts on tumorigenesis with a focus on CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhou Zhu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Victoria Xie
- M.D. Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Suyun Huang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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Atypical chemokine receptor ACKR3/CXCR7 controls postnatal vasculogenesis and arterial specification by mesenchymal stem cells via Notch signaling. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:307. [PMID: 32366833 PMCID: PMC7198625 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2512-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to play a role in postnatal vasculogenesis and hold great promise for vascular regeneration. However, the mechanisms by which the endothelial differentiation and specification of MSCs remain unclear. We examined the potential role and molecular mechanisms of atypical chemokine receptor ACKR3/CXCR7 in MSC-mediated endothelial cell differentiation and specification. Here, we showed that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) activate CXCR7 expression on MSCs through PDGF receptors, PDGFRα and PDGFRβ-mediated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling. Genetic and pharmacologic blockage of CXCR7 on MSCs suppressed the VEGF or stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF)-1-induced the capacity for vasculogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, CXCR7 gain of function markedly promoted vasculogenesis by MSCs in vitro and in vivo and induced endothelial differentiation along the arterial endothelial cell lineage via upregulation of Notch signaling. However, blockade of Notch signaling inhibited CXCR7-induced vasculogensis by MSCs. These results indicate CXCR7 is a critical regulator of MSC-mediated postnatal vasculogenesis and arterial specification via Notch signaling.
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Zhang Y, Han Y, Chen Z, Zhao D, Xia Q. Inhibition of EZH2 attenuates inhibitory synaptic transmission via the pro-inflammatory pathway in rats. Neuropharmacology 2020; 171:108101. [PMID: 32298702 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), is associated with seizure development and epileptogenesis, however, the underlying mechanism of the process remains to be elucidated. This study focused on exploring whether EZH2 regulated gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated neurotransmission during seizure generation. Hyperthermia-induced seizures were generated in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats using a hot (43.5 °C) bath method, and seizure severity was evaluated according to the Racine scale. The effect of treatment with the EZH2 pharmacological inhibitor GSK 126 on the GABA and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels was tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) were recorded using whole-cell patch clamp. In this study, our results showed that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection of the EZH2 pharmacological inhibitor GSK 126 (10 nM) increased seizure severity and shortened seizure latency in a rat model of FS, and these effects were accompanied by reduced GABA content. Furthermore, GSK 126 (1 μM) treatment decreased the mean amplitude and frequency of the mIPSCs in cultured hippocampal neurons subjected to hyperthermia. Importantly, the same results were also obtained in cultured neurons infected with lentivirus carrying EZH2 shRNA. In addition, a significant increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β and TNF-α) levels was observed in rats after GSK 126 treatment, and IL-1β administration increased seizure severity, suggesting that the inflammatory response was involved in the regulation of seizure development by EZH2. This study helps clarify the role of EZH2 in FS and supports EZH2 administration as an effective target for the management of seizure generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Yadi Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Qingxin Xia
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
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SMURF2 prevents detrimental changes to chromatin, protecting human dermal fibroblasts from chromosomal instability and tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2020; 39:3396-3410. [PMID: 32103168 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
E3 ubiquitin ligases (E3s) play essential roles in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis under normal and stress conditions, as well as in disease states, particularly in cancer. However, the role of E3s in the initiation of human tumors is poorly understood. Previously, we reported that genetic ablation of the HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligase Smurf2 induces carcinogenesis in mice; but whether and how these findings are pertinent to the inception of human cancer remain unknown. Here we show that SMURF2 is essential to protect human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) from malignant transformation, and its depletion converts HDFs into tumorigenic entity. This phenomenon was associated with the radical changes in chromatin structural and epigenetic landscape, dysregulated gene expression and cell-cycle control, mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition and impaired DNA damage response. Furthermore, we show that SMURF2-mediated tumor suppression is interlinked with SMURF2's ability to regulate the expression of two central chromatin modifiers-an E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF20 and histone methyltransferase EZH2. Silencing these factors significantly reduced the growth and transformation capabilities of SMURF2-depleted cells. Finally, we demonstrate that SMURF2-compromised HDFs are highly tumorigenic in nude mice. These findings suggest the critical role that SMURF2 plays in preventing malignant alterations, chromosomal instability and cancer.
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Liao K, Deng S, Xu L, Pan W, Yang S, Zheng F, Wu X, Hu H, Liu Z, Luo J, Zhang R, Kuang DM, Dong J, Wu Y, Zhang H, Zhou P, Bei JX, Xu Y, Ji Y, Wang P, Ju HQ, Xu RH, Li B. A Feedback Circuitry between Polycomb Signaling and Fructose-1, 6-Bisphosphatase Enables Hepatic and Renal Tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2020; 80:675-688. [PMID: 31948940 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Suppression of gluconeogenesis elevates glycolysis and is commonly observed in tumors derived from gluconeogenic tissues including liver and kidney, yet the definitive regulatory mechanism remains elusive. Here, we screened an array of transcription regulators and identified the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) as a key factor that inhibits gluconeogenesis in cancer cells. Specifically, EZH2 repressed the expression of a rate-limiting gluconeogenic enzyme fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1) and promoted tumor growth primarily through FBP1 suppression. Furthermore, EZH2 was upregulated by genotoxins that commonly induce hepatic and renal tumorigenesis. Genotoxin treatments augmented EZH2 acetylation, leading to reduced association between EZH2 and its E3 ubiquitin ligase SMURF2. Consequently, EZH2 became less ubiquitinated and more stabilized, promoting FBP1 attenuation and tumor formation. Intriguingly, FBP1 physically interacted with EZH2, competed for EZH2 binding, and dissembled the polycomb complex. Therefore, FBP1 suppresses polycomb-initiated transcriptional responses and constitutes a double-negative feedback loop indispensable for EZH2-promoted tumorigenesis. Finally, EZH2 and FBP1 levels were inversely correlated in tumor tissues and accurately predicted patient survival. This work reveals an unexpected cross-talk between epigenetic and metabolic events, and identifies a new feedback circuitry that highlights EZH2 inhibitors as liver and kidney cancer therapeutics. SIGNIFICANCE: A novel feedback loop involving EZH2 and suppression of the gluconeogenesis enzyme FBP1 promotes hepatocellular cancer growth.See related commentary by Leithner, p. 657.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liao
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuye Deng
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyan Xu
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Pan
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Yang
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fufu Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingui Wu
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongrong Hu
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junhang Luo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Ming Kuang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Penghui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Xin Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Xu
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical, Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical, Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Huai-Qiang Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Zheng N, Chu M, Lin M, He Y, Wang Z. USP7 stabilizes EZH2 and enhances cancer malignant progression. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:299-313. [PMID: 32064169 PMCID: PMC7017725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
EZH2, a histone methylase, plays a critical role in the tumor progression via regulation of progenitor genes. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of EZH2 in cancer malignant progression remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate how EZH2 is regulated in human cancer. We used numerous approaches, including Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), Transfection, RT-PCR, Western blotting, Transwell assays, and animal studies, to determine the deubiquitination mechanism of EZH2 in cancer cells. We demonstrated that USP7 regulated EZH2 in human cancer cells and in vivo in mouse models. Overexpression of USP7 promoted the expression of EZH2 protein, but overexpression of a USP7 mutant did not change the EZH2 level. Consistently, knockdown of USP7 resulted in a striking decrease in EZH2 protein levels in human cancer cells. Functionally, USP7 overexpression promoted cell growth and invasion via deubiquitination of EZH2. Consistently, downregulation of USP7 inhibited cell migration and invasion in cancer. More importantly, knockdown of USP7 inhibited tumor growth, while USP7 overexpression exhibited opposed effect in mice. Our results indicate that USP7 regulates EZH2 via its deubiquitination and stabilization. The USP7/EZH2 axis could present a new promising therapeutic target for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Man Chu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Min Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Youhua He
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
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Liu X, Feng Z, Du L, Huang Y, Ge J, Deng Y, Mei Z. The Potential Role of MicroRNA-124 in Cerebral Ischemia Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010120. [PMID: 31878035 PMCID: PMC6981583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia injury, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, initiates sequential molecular and cellular pathologies that underlie ischemic encephalopathy (IE), such as ischemic stroke, Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), epilepsy, etc. Targeted therapeutic treatments are urgently needed to tackle the pathological processes implicated in these neurological diseases. Recently, accumulating studies demonstrate that microRNA-124 (miR-124), the most abundant miRNA in brain tissue, is aberrant in peripheral blood and brain vascular endothelial cells following cerebral ischemia. Importantly, miR-124 regulates a variety of pathophysiological processes that are involved in the pathogenesis of age-related IE. However, the role of miR-124 has not been systematically illustrated. Paradoxically, miR-124 exerts beneficial effects in the age-related IE via regulating autophagy, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, neuronal excitability, neurodifferentiation, Aβ deposition, and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, while it may play a dual role via regulating apoptosis and exerts detrimental effects on synaptic plasticity and axonal growth. In the present review, we thus focus on the paradoxical roles of miR-124 in age-related IE, as well as the underlying mechanisms. A great understanding of the effects of miR-124 on the hypoxic-ischemic brain will open new avenues for therapeutic approaches to protect against cerebral ischemia injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Liu
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; (X.L.); (Z.F.); (L.D.); (Y.H.)
| | - Zhitao Feng
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; (X.L.); (Z.F.); (L.D.); (Y.H.)
| | - Lipeng Du
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; (X.L.); (Z.F.); (L.D.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yaguang Huang
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; (X.L.); (Z.F.); (L.D.); (Y.H.)
| | - Jinwen Ge
- The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China (Y.D.)
| | - Yihui Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China (Y.D.)
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; (X.L.); (Z.F.); (L.D.); (Y.H.)
- The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China (Y.D.)
- Correspondence:
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40
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Liu P, Shuaib M, Zhang H, Nadeef S, Orlando V. Ubiquitin ligases HUWE1 and NEDD4 cooperatively control signal-dependent PRC2-Ezh1α/β-mediated adaptive stress response pathway in skeletal muscle cells. Epigenetics Chromatin 2019; 12:78. [PMID: 31856907 PMCID: PMC6921592 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-019-0322-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the role of Polycomb group protein-mediated "cell memory" is well established in developmental contexts, little is known about their role in adult tissues and in particular in post-mitotic cells. Emerging evidence assigns a pivotal role in cell plasticity and adaptation. PRC2-Ezh1α/β signaling pathway from cytoplasm to chromatin protects skeletal muscle cells from oxidative stress. However, detailed mechanisms controlling degradation of cytoplasmic Ezh1β and assembly of canonical PRC2-Ezh1α repressive complex remain to be clarified. RESULTS Here, we report NEDD4 ubiquitin E3 ligase, as key regulator of Ezh1β. In addition, we report that ubiquitination and degradation of Ezh1β is controlled by another layer of regulation, that is, one specific phosphorylation of serine 560 located at Ezh1β-specific C terminal. Finally, we demonstrate that also Ezh1α needs to be stabilized under stress condition and this stabilization process requires decreased association pattern between another E3 ubiquitin ligase HUWE1. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results shed light on key components that regulate PRC2-Ezh1α/β pathway to direct modulation of epigenome plasticity and transcriptional output in skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- BESE Division, KAUST Environmental Epigenetics Program, King Abdullah University Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shuaib
- BESE Division, KAUST Environmental Epigenetics Program, King Abdullah University Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huoming Zhang
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seba Nadeef
- BESE Division, KAUST Environmental Epigenetics Program, King Abdullah University Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Valerio Orlando
- BESE Division, KAUST Environmental Epigenetics Program, King Abdullah University Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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Zeng Y, Qiu R, Yang Y, Gao T, Zheng Y, Huang W, Gao J, Zhang K, Liu R, Wang S, Hou Y, Yu W, Leng S, Feng D, Liu W, Zhang X, Wang Y. Regulation of EZH2 by SMYD2-Mediated Lysine Methylation Is Implicated in Tumorigenesis. Cell Rep 2019; 29:1482-1498.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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42
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Jalan-Sakrikar N, De Assuncao TM, Shi G, Aseem S, Chi C, Shah VH, Huebert RC. Proteasomal Degradation of Enhancer of Zeste Homologue 2 in Cholangiocytes Promotes Biliary Fibrosis. Hepatology 2019; 70:1674-1689. [PMID: 31070797 PMCID: PMC6819212 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During biliary disease, cholangiocytes become activated by various pathological stimuli, including transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). The result is an epigenetically regulated transcriptional program leading to a pro-fibrogenic microenvironment, activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and progression of biliary fibrosis. This study evaluated how TGF-β signaling intersects with epigenetic machinery in cholangiocytes to support fibrogenic gene transcription. We performed RNA sequencing in cholangiocytes with or without TGF-β. Ingenuity pathway analysis identified "HSC Activation" as the highly up-regulated pathway, including overexpression of fibronectin 1 (FN), connective tissue growth factor, and other genes. Bioinformatics identified enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) as an epigenetic regulator of the cholangiocyte TGF-β response. EZH2 overexpression suppressed TGF-β-induced FN protein in vitro, suggesting FN as a direct target of EZH2-based repression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays identified an FN promoter element in which EZH2-mediated tri-methylation of lysine 27 on histone 3 is diminished by TGF-β. TGF-β also caused a 50% reduction in EZH2 protein levels. Proteasome inhibition rescued EZH2 protein and led to reduced FN production. Immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry identified ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component N-recognin 4 in complex with EZH2, which was validated by western blotting in vitro. Ubiquitin mutation studies suggested K63-based ubiquitin linkage and chain elongation on EZH2 in response to TGF-β. A deletion mutant of EZH2, lacking its N-terminal domain, abrogates both TGF-β-stimulated EZH2 degradation and FN release. In vivo, cholangiocyte-selective knockout of EZH2 exacerbates bile duct ligation-induced fibrosis whereas MDR2-/- mice are protected from fibrosis by the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Conclusion: TGF-β regulates proteasomal degradation of EZH2 through N-terminal, K63-linked ubiquitination in cholangiocytes and activates transcription of a fibrogenic gene program that supports biliary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Jalan-Sakrikar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN.,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Thiago M. De Assuncao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN.,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Guang Shi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN.,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - SayedObaidullah Aseem
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN.,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Cheng Chi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN.,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Vijay H. Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN.,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN.,Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology; Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Robert C. Huebert
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN.,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN.,Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology; Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
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Wu X, Zheng W, Jin P, Hu J, Zhou Q. Role of IGFBP1 in the senescence of vascular endothelial cells and severity of aging‑related coronary atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1921-1931. [PMID: 31545483 PMCID: PMC6777673 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The senescence of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) plays a critical role in aging-related cardiovascular diseases. We previously reported the causal relation of Jagged1 in ECs and the thickening of the arterial wall in aging mice. The aim of the present study was to further investigate the correlation between insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGFBP1), one of the secretory proteins regulated by Jagged1, and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis and patient age, as well as its effect on EC senescence. First, microarray analysis was performed to screen the differentially expressed genes regulated by Jagged1 in human coronary arterial ECs (HCAECs). Inhibition of the Jagged1 expression using a small interfering RNA knockdown method in HCAECs led to the upregulation of 17 and the downregulation of 78 genes by >3-fold, and IGFBP1 was confirmed to be a secretory protein expressed by HCAECs and regulated by Jagged1. Subsequently, in 112 consecutively enrolled patients with acute chest pain who underwent coronary angiography, the circulating level of IGFBP1 was found to be positively correlated with age (r=0.512, P<0.001) and Synergy between PCI with TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score (r=0.409, P<0.001). Among age-comparable patients, the circulating IGFBP1 level was found to be increased in patients with higher SYNTAX scores. In cultured HCAECs, IGFBP1 was shown to protect ECs against passage- or H2O2-induced senescence, and these protective effects of IGFBP1 may be partially reversed by LY294002, a known Akt signaling inhibitor. Therefore, the results of the present study suggested that, as a downstream protein of Jagged1, IGFBP1 was correlated with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis in aging patients, and the increase of circulating IGFBP1 levels with aging may be an adaptive response to counter HCAEC senescence through Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wu
- Cardiovascular Department of Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Cardiovascular Department of Xinqiao Hospital, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Peng Jin
- Cardiovascular Department of Xinqiao Hospital, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Junhao Hu
- Cardiovascular Department of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Cardiovascular Department of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
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44
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Chen J, Zhang M, Zhang X, Fan L, Liu P, Yu L, Cao X, Qiu S, Xu Y. EZH2 inhibitor DZNep modulates microglial activation and protects against ischaemic brain injury after experimental stroke. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 857:172452. [PMID: 31202798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog-2 (EZH2), a histone methyltransferase, has been recognized to play a pivotal role in regulating the immune response in various diseases. However, its role in the inflammatory response induced by ischaemic stroke remains to be further investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the role of EZH2 in microglia-associated inflammation in ischaemic stroke and to further detect the effects of the EZH2 inhibitor, 3-deazaadenosine A (DZNep), in ischaemic brain injury. Here, we found that both in vivo ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury and in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) treatment induced a marked upregulation of EZH2 in microglia. The administration of the EZH2 inhibitor DZNep improved behavioural performance and reduced the infarct volume in mice after experimental stroke. Furthermore, we showed that DZNep blocked pro-inflammatory (CD86+) microglial activation and triggered anti-inflammatory (CD206+) microglial polarization in experimental stroke. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and CXCL10 were also significantly downregulated by DZNep. In addition, it was found that DZNep blocked the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in microglia, which was increased by I/R injury and OGD. Collectively, we demonstrated that EZH2 is implicated in regulating microglial activation and exacerbates neurological deficits after ischaemic stroke, probably via activating STAT3, and that the EZH2 inhibitor DZNep can exert neuroprotective effects after ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Meijuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Lizhen Fan
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Pinyi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Linjie Yu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiang Cao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shuwei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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45
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Lei A, Chen L, Zhang M, Yang X, Xu L, Cao N, Zhang Z, Cao Y. EZH2 Regulates Protein Stability via Recruiting USP7 to Mediate Neuronal Gene Expression in Cancer Cells. Front Genet 2019; 10:422. [PMID: 31130994 PMCID: PMC6510286 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Misexpression of chromatin modification factors and changed epigenetic modifications play crucial roles for tumorigenesis. Our previous studies demonstrated that inhibition of epigenetic modification enzymes EZH2, LSD1, DNMTs, and HDACs caused post-mitotic neuron-like differentiation in different cancer cells. However, how they regulate neuronal differentiation in cancer cells was unknown. Here, we show that EZH2, LSD1, DNMT1, and HDAC1 form interactions themselves, meanwhile, they also interact with SMAD proteins and β-CATENIN in cancer cells. Chemical inhibition of these enzymes leads to reduced level of proteins except HDAC1. The change in protein level and/or enzymatic activities further result in changed chromatin modifications on neuronal gene promoters, and activation of neuronal genes. Inhibition of these enzymes in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) also caused neuronal differentiation, similar to cancer cells. Particularly, EZH2 interacts with and required for the stability of LSD1, HDAC1, DNMT1, β-CATENIN, or SMAD2/4, via recruitment of deubiquitinase USP7. Reduced EZH2 leads to enhanced ubiquitination and degradation of these proteins, and decreased binding of LSD1, HDAC1, and DNMT1 to neuronal gene promoters, and lessened Wnt and TGFβ target gene activation. Hence, EZH2 sustains a series of proteins that promote tumorigenesis, in addition to its original function of histone methylation. Considering together with other studies, we conclude that these chromatin modification factors function in the same way in cancer cells as in neural progenitor/stem cells. The similarity between cancer cells and neural progenitor/stem cells provides an insight into the essence and unified framework for cancer initiation and progression, and are suggestive for novel strategies of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anhua Lei
- China's Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Chen
- China's Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- China's Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- China's Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liyang Xu
- China's Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Cao
- China's Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zan Zhang
- China's Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Cao
- China's Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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46
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Emanuelli A, Manikoth Ayyathan D, Koganti P, Shah PA, Apel-Sarid L, Paolini B, Detroja R, Frenkel-Morgenstern M, Blank M. Altered Expression and Localization of Tumor Suppressive E3 Ubiquitin Ligase SMURF2 in Human Prostate and Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040556. [PMID: 31003445 PMCID: PMC6521037 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SMURF2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase and suggested tumor suppressor, operates in normal cells to prevent genomic instability and carcinogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying SMURF2 inactivation in human malignancies remain elusive, as SMURF2 is rarely found mutated or deleted in cancers. We hypothesized that SMURF2 might have a distinct molecular biodistribution in cancer versus normal cells and tissues. The expression and localization of SMURF2 were analyzed in 666 human normal and cancer tissues, with primary focus on prostate and breast tumors. These investigations were accompanied by SMURF2 gene expression analyses, subcellular fractionation and biochemical studies, including SMURF2’s interactome analysis. We found that while in normal cells and tissues SMURF2 has a predominantly nuclear localization, in prostate and aggressive breast carcinomas SMURF2 shows a significantly increased cytoplasmic sequestration, associated with the disease progression. Mechanistic studies showed that the nuclear export machinery was not involved in cytoplasmic accumulation of SMURF2, while uncovered that its stability is markedly increased in the cytoplasmic compartment. Subsequent interactome analyses pointed to 14-3-3s as SMURF2 interactors, which could potentially affect its localization. These findings link the distorted expression of SMURF2 to human carcinogenesis and suggest the alterations in SMURF2 localization as a potential mechanism obliterating its tumor suppressor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Emanuelli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502 Safed, Israel.
| | - Dhanoop Manikoth Ayyathan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502 Safed, Israel.
| | - Praveen Koganti
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502 Safed, Israel.
| | - Pooja Anil Shah
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502 Safed, Israel.
| | - Liat Apel-Sarid
- Department of Pathology, The Galilee Medical Center, 22100 Nahariya, Israel.
| | - Biagio Paolini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Anatomic Pathology Unit 1, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Rajesh Detroja
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and BioComputing of Complex Diseases, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502 Safed, Israel.
| | - Milana Frenkel-Morgenstern
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and BioComputing of Complex Diseases, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502 Safed, Israel.
| | - Michael Blank
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502 Safed, Israel.
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47
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Park JM, Lee JE, Park CM, Kim JH. USP44 Promotes the Tumorigenesis of Prostate Cancer Cells through EZH2 Protein Stabilization. Mol Cells 2019; 42:17-27. [PMID: 30622230 PMCID: PMC6354053 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 44 (USP44) has been implicated in tumor progression and metastasis across various tumors. However, the function of USP44 in prostate cancers and regulatory mechanism of histone-modifying enzymes by USP44 in tumors is not well-understood. Here, we found that enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a histone H3 lysine 27 methyltransferase, is regulated by USP44. We showed that EZH2 is a novel target of USP44 and that the protein stability of EZH2 is upregulated by USP44-mediated deubiquitination. In USP44 knockdown prostate cancer cells, the EZH2 protein level and its gene silencing activity were decreased. Furthermore, USP44 knockdown inhibited the tumorigenic characteristics and cancer stem cell-like behaviors of prostate cancer cells. Inhibition of tumorigenesis caused by USP44 knockdown was recovered by ectopic introduction of EZH2. Additionally, USP44 regulates the protein stability of oncogenic EZH2 mutants. Taken together, our results suggest that USP44 promotes the tumorigenesis of prostate cancer cells partly by stabilizing EZH2 and that USP44 is a viable therapeutic target for treating EZH2-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Min Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212,
Korea
| | - Jae Eun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212,
Korea
| | - Chan Mi Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212,
Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212,
Korea
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48
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Dong W, Xie F, Chen XY, Huang WL, Zhang YZ, Luo WB, Chen J, Xie MT, Peng XP. Inhibition of Smurf2 translation by miR-322/503 protects from ischemia-reperfusion injury by modulating EZH2/Akt/GSK3β signaling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C253-C261. [PMID: 30649914 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00375.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a common and lethal disease that threatens people's life worldwide. The underlying mechanisms are under intensive study and yet remain unclear. Here, we explored the function of miR-322/503 in myocardial I/R injury. We used isolated rat perfused heart as an in vivo model and H9c2 cells subjected with the oxygen and glucose deprivation followed by reperfusion as in vitro model to study myocardial I/R injury. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to measure the infarct size, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-mediated nick-end label (TUNEL) staining was used to examine apoptosis. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were used to determine expression levels of miR-322/503, Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 2 (Smurf2), enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), p-Akt, and p-GSK3β. Overexpression of miR-322/503 decreased infarct size, inhibited cell apoptosis, and promoted cell proliferation through upregualtion of p-Akt and p-GSK3β. Thus the expression of miR-322/503 was reduced during I/R process. On the molecular level, miR-322/503 directly bound Smurf2 mRNA and suppressed its translation. Smurf2 ubiquitinated EZH2 and degraded EZH2, which could activate Akt/GSK3β signaling. Our study demonstrates that miR-322/503 plays a beneficial role in myocardial I/R injury. By inhibition of Smurf2 translation, miR-322/503 induces EZH2 expression and activates Akt/GSK3β pathway, thereby protecting cells from ischemia reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan-Ying Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Lin Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bo Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Tuan Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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49
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Ma L, Lin K, Chang G, Chen Y, Yue C, Guo Q, Zhang S, Jia Z, Huang TT, Zhou A, Huang S. Aberrant Activation of β-Catenin Signaling Drives Glioma Tumorigenesis via USP1-Mediated Stabilization of EZH2. Cancer Res 2018; 79:72-85. [PMID: 30425057 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of β-catenin signaling is a critical driver for tumorigenesis, but the mechanism underlying this activation is not completely understood. In this study, we demonstrate a critical role of β-catenin signaling in stabilization of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and control of EZH2-mediated gene repression in oncogenesis. β-Catenin/TCF4 activated the transcription of the deubiquitinase USP1, which then interacted with and deubiquitinated EZH2 directly. USP1-mediated stabilization of EZH2 promoted its recruitment to the promoters of CDKN1B, RUNX3, and HOXA5, resulting in enhanced enrichment of histone H3K27me3 and repression of target gene expression. In human glioma specimens, expression levels of nuclear β-catenin, USP1, and EZH2 correlated with one another. Depletion of β-catenin/USP1/EZH2 repressed glioma cell proliferation in vitro and tumor formation in vivo. Our findings indicate that a β-catenin-USP1-EZH2 axis orchestrates the interplay between dysregulated β-catenin signaling and EZH2-mediated gene epigenetic silencing during glioma tumorigenesis. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings identify the β-catenin-USP1-EZH2 signaling axis as a critical mechanism for glioma tumorigenesis that may serve as a new therapeutic target in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Neuro-oncology and Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kangyu Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guoqiang Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yiwen Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chen Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Qing Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sicong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Zhiliang Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tony T Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Aidong Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Suyun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Program in Cancer Biology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas
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50
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Xu X, Wang L, Liu B, Xie W, Chen YG. Activin/Smad2 and Wnt/β-catenin up-regulate HAS2 and ALDH3A2 to facilitate mesendoderm differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:18444-18453. [PMID: 30282636 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Activin and Wnt signaling are necessary and sufficient for mesendoderm (ME) differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (ESCs). In this study, we report that during ME differentiation induced by Activin and Wnt, Activin/Smad2 induces a decrease of the repressive histone modification of H3K27me3 by promoting the proteasome-dependent degradation of enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb (EZH2)-repressive complex 2 subunit. As a result, recruitment of the forkhead protein FOXH1 on open chromatin regions integrates the signals of Activin/Smad2 and Wnt/β-catenin to activate the expression of the ME genes including HAS2 and ALDH3A2 Consistently, H3K27me3 decrease is enriched on open chromatin around regulatory regions. Furthermore, knockdown of HAS2 or ALDH3A2 greatly attenuates ME differentiation. These findings unveil a pathway from extracellular signals to epigenetic modification-mediated gene activation during ME commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanhao Xu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 and
| | - Lu Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 and
| | - Bofeng Liu
- the Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Xie
- the Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 and
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