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Mancuso CJ, Spoor SP, Kambanis PE, De Young KP. Conditional effects of state fear of negative evaluation on restrictive eating behaviors. Eat Behav 2022; 47:101676. [PMID: 36240576 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Fear of being evaluated negatively by others is a risk factor for the development of disordered eating. Specifically, trait level fear of negative evaluation (FNE) predicts disordered eating severity above other social anxiety traits. However, it remains unclear how state levels of this fear may impact eating behavior. The current study aimed to examine this risk factor in the context of state-level eating behavior. We hypothesized that: (a) elevated levels of state FNE would enhance the relationship between restraint and restriction and (b) we sought to explore the predictive nature of high trait FNE on restriction. Study procedures for N = 64 undergraduate students included assessment of dietary restraint, fear of negative evaluation, and hypothetical meal choice in the context of several proposed social and non-social settings. Results indicated that higher state FNE was related to more restrictive food choice across settings, and levels of trait FNE were not related to food choices. State FNE did not enhance the relationship between restraint and restriction. This project sought to examine the degree to which fear of negative evaluation impacts the relationship between dietary restraint and restriction, testing a unique risk factor for the development of eating psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Mancuso
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States of America.
| | - Samantha P Spoor
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States of America
| | - P Evelyna Kambanis
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States of America
| | - Kyle P De Young
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States of America
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Elran-Barak R, Sztainer M, Goldschmidt AB, Crow SJ, Peterson CB, Hill LL, Crosby RD, Powers P, Mitchell JE, Le Grange D. Dietary Restriction Behaviors and Binge Eating in Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder: Trans-diagnostic Examination of the Restraint Model. Eat Behav 2015; 18:192-6. [PMID: 26122390 PMCID: PMC8686697 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare dietary restriction behaviors among adults with eating disorders involving binge eating, including anorexia nervosa-binge/purge subtype (AN-BE/P), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED), and to examine whether dietary restriction behaviors impact binge eating frequency across diagnoses. METHOD Participants included 845 treatment seeking adults (M=30.42+10.76years) who met criteria for DSM-5 AN-BE/P (7.3%;n=62), BN (59.7%;n=504), and BED (33.0%;n=279). All participants self-reported their past and current eating disorder symptoms on the Eating Disorder Questionnaire. RESULTS Adults with AN-BE/P and BN reported significantly more dietary restriction behaviors (e.g. eating fewer meals per day, higher frequency of fasting, consuming small and low calorie meals) in comparison to adults with BED. Adults with AN-BE/P and BN who reported restricting food intake via eating fewer meals per day had more frequent binge eating episodes. However, adults with BN who reported restricting food intake via eating small meals and low calorie meals had less frequent binge eating episodes. DISCUSSION This study provides mixed support for the restraint model by suggesting that not all dietary restriction behaviors are associated with higher levels of binge eating. It may be that adults with BN who report a higher frequency of eating small and low calorie meals display more control over their eating in general, and therefore also have lower frequency of binge eating. Clinicians should assess for dietary restriction behaviors at the start of treatment prior to assuming that all forms of strict dieting and weight control behaviors similarly impact binge eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Elran-Barak
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Maya Sztainer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Chicago,
IL, USA
| | | | - Scott J. Crow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota School of
Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Carol B. Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota School of
Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Laura L. Hill
- The Center for Balanced Living, Worthington, OH, USA
| | - Ross D. Crosby
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of North
Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, and the Neuropsychiatric Research
Institute, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Pauline Powers
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Health
Sciences Center University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - James E. Mitchell
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of North
Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, and the Neuropsychiatric Research
Institute, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Daniel Le Grange
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Pediatrics,
University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Macpherson-Sánchez AE. Integrating fundamental concepts of obesity and eating disorders: implications for the obesity epidemic. Am J Public Health 2015; 105:e71-85. [PMID: 25713933 PMCID: PMC4358173 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Physiological mechanisms promote weight gain after famine. Because eating disorders, obesity, and dieting limit food intake, they are famine-like experiences. The development of the concept of meeting an ideal weight was the beginning of increasing obesity. Weight stigma, the perception of being fat, lack of understanding of normal growth and development, and increased concern about obesity on the part of health providers, parents, and caregivers have reinforced each other to promote dieting. Because weight suppression and disinhibition provoke long-term weight increase, dieting is a major factor producing the obesity epidemic. The integrated eating disorder-obesity theory included in this article emphasizes that, contrary to dieters, lifetime weight maintainers depend on physiological processes to control weight and experience minimal weight change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Macpherson-Sánchez
- Ann E. Macpherson-Sánchez is with the Department of Agricultural Education, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez
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Elran-Barak R, Accurso EC, Goldschmidt AB, Sztainer M, Byrne C, Le Grange D. Eating patterns in youth with restricting and binge eating/purging type anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:878-83. [PMID: 24777645 PMCID: PMC4337799 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe eating patterns in youth with restricting and binge/purge type anorexia nervosa (AN) and to examine whether eating patterns are associated with binge eating or purging behaviors. METHOD Participants included 160 children and adolescents (M = 15.14 ± 2.17 years) evaluated at The University of Chicago Eating Disorders Program who met criteria for DSM-5 restrictive type AN (AN-R; 75%; n = 120) or binge eating/purging type AN (AN-BE/P; 25%; n = 40). All participants completed the eating disorder examination on initial evaluation. RESULTS Youth with AN-R and AN-BE/P differed in their eating patterns, such that youth with AN-R consumed meals and snacks more regularly relative to youth with AN-BE/P. Among youth with AN-BE/P, skipping dinner was associated with a greater number of binge eating episodes (r = -.379, p < .05), while skipping breakfast was associated with a greater number of purging episodes (r = -.309, p < .05). DISCUSSION Youth with AN-R generally follow a regular meal schedule, but are likely consuming insufficient amounts of food across meals and snacks. In contrast, youth with AN-BE/P tend to have more irregular eating patterns, which may play a role in binge eating and purging behaviors. Adults monitoring of meals may be beneficial for youth with AN, and particularly those with AN-BE/P who engage in irregular eating patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Elran-Barak
- The University of Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Chicago, IL
| | - Erin C. Accurso
- The University of Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Chicago, IL
| | - Andrea B. Goldschmidt
- The University of Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Chicago, IL
| | - Maya Sztainer
- The University of Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Chicago, IL
| | - Catherine Byrne
- The University of Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Chicago, IL
| | - Daniel Le Grange
- The University of Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Chicago, IL
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Schebendach JE, Porter KJ, Wolper C, Walsh BT, Mayer LE. Accuracy of self-reported energy intake in weight-restored patients with anorexia nervosa compared with obese and normal weight individuals. Int J Eat Disord 2012; 45:570-4. [PMID: 22271488 PMCID: PMC4469285 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare self-reported and measured energy intake in weight-restored patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), weight-stable obese individuals (OB), and normal weight controls (NC). METHOD Forty participants (18 AN, 10 OB, and 12 NC) in a laboratory meal study simultaneously completed a prospective food record. RESULTS AN patients significantly (p = .018) over-reported energy intake (16%, 50 kcal) and Bland-Altman (B-A) analysis indicated bias toward over-reporting at increasing levels of intake. OB participants significantly (p = .016) under-reported intake (19%, 160 kcal) and B-A analysis indicated bias toward under-reporting at increasing levels of intake. In NC participants, NS (p = .752) difference between reported and measured intake was found and B-A analysis indicated good agreement between methods at all intake levels. DISCUSSION Self-reported intake should be cautiously interpreted in AN and OB. Future studies are warranted to determine if over-reporting is related to poor outcome and relapse in AN, or under-reporting interferes with weight loss efforts in OB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet E. Schebendach
- Correspondence to: Janet E. Schebendach, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 98, New York, NY 10032.
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Hatch KA, Crawford MA, Kunz AW, Thomsen SR, Eggett DL, Nelson ST, Roeder BL. An objective means of diagnosing anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa using 15N/14N and 13C/12C ratios in hair. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2006; 20:3367-73. [PMID: 17044129 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
An objective means based on the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of five hairs per individual is presented for distinguishing between individuals with anorexia nervosa and/or bulimia nervosa from non-clinical individuals (i.e. clinically normal controls). Using discriminant analysis, an algorithm has been developed that provides both sensitivity and specificity of 80% in making diagnoses of individuals with these eating disorders. With further refinements, the results suggest that it may be also possible to distinguish between individuals with anorexia or bulimia. Finally, the study shows the value of conducting blind tests and using larger sample sizes of both control and treatment groups. Both groups are needed to validate the diagnostic value of a method and to provide measures of sensitivity and specificity of any diagnostic test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent A Hatch
- Department of Integrative Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
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van der Ster Wallin G, Andersson M, Hambraeus L. Nutritional aspects of amenorrhoea in eating disordered patients. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0968(199712)5:4<241::aid-erv169>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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van der Ster Wallin G, Norring C, Lennernäs MA, Holmgren S. Food selection in anorectics and bulimics: food items, nutrient content and nutrient density. J Am Coll Nutr 1995; 14:271-7. [PMID: 8586777 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.1995.10718507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The food selection and nutrient intake were investigated in women with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and controls. METHODS Dietary data was obtained by 24-hour recall, and 7-day recording among eating disordered patients, and by 3-day registration among controls. RESULTS The intake of energy and nutrients differed from controls, as expected, while there were no differences between anorectics and bulimics in this respect, except for iron. There were only minor differences among the three groups studied with respect to nutrient density. Energy percentages of protein, fat, and carbohydrates, were similar in all groups, but a subdivision of the macronutrients into respective sources showed that bulimics had a lower relative and absolute intake of carbohydrates from bread and cereals than anorectics and controls. CONCLUSION Eating disorder patients, despite their marginal food intake, still met the minimum requirement for most nutrients according to the Nordic Nutrient recommendations.
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