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Mizgier M, Więckowska B, Formanowicz D, Lombardi G, Brożek A, Nowicki M, Durkalec-Michalski K, Kędzia W, Jarząbek-Bielecka G. Effects of AIDiet intervention to improve diet quality, immuno-metabolic health in normal and overweight PCOS girls: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3525. [PMID: 38347150 PMCID: PMC10861446 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted in two groups of girls with PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) categorized as slim (group N) and overweight-to-obese (group Ov/Ob). The study's primary outcome was to assess the impact of a 12-week anti-inflammatory diet (AIDiet) intervention, without energy deficit, on daily diet quality improvement, evaluated according to the KIDMED index. The secondary outcome was improving inflammatory, redox, hormonal, and metabolic statuses. In the study, which was completed by 13 girls from the Ov/Ob group and 19 girls from the N group, a significant improvement in the mean KIDMED score was obtained. Moreover, the intervention significantly improves concentration of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), fasting insulin, and the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, in the Ov/Ob group, while both groups experienced a reduction in the concentration of interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α), and androstenedione. The AIDiet intervention effectively improved the quality of the subjects' diets, which was associated with the improvement of hormonal and immuno-metabolic markers. However, these changes in normal-weight patients were observed regardless of body weight reduction. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04738409.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Mizgier
- Department of Sports Dietetics, Chair of Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Barbara Więckowska
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Formanowicz
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20157, Milan, Italy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871, Poznan, Poland
| | - Alicja Brożek
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Nowicki
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Durkalec-Michalski
- Department of Sports Dietetics, Chair of Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871, Poznan, Poland
| | - Witold Kędzia
- Division of Developmental Gynaecology and Sexology, Department of Gynaecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535, Poznan, Poland
| | - Grażyna Jarząbek-Bielecka
- Division of Developmental Gynaecology and Sexology, Department of Gynaecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535, Poznan, Poland
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Hurayb NH, Alshammari GM, Al-Khalifa AS, Alafif N, Aljaroudi DH, Mohammed MA, Yagoub AEA, Yahya MA. A Comparative Study of Food Intake and Adipose Tissue Distribution in Saudi Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:369. [PMID: 38338254 PMCID: PMC10855251 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a frequent disorder that affects reproductive-aged women and has reproductive, metabolic, and psychosocial effects. This research was intended to investigate the comparison between food intake and adipose tissue distribution in Saudi women suffering from PCOS and a control group. To determine the sociodemographic variables, a case-control study was performed with patients from King Fahad Medical City's Reproductive Endocrine and Infertility Medicine Department (REIMD). The case-control study comprised 42 PCOS patients (PCOS-Ps) and 63 as a control group, all aged 20-45 years. Three-day records were collected from participants to estimate the nutrient intake of cases and controls. A body composition analyzer was used to measure body mass index (BMI), body fat (BF), and visceral fat (VF). Biochemical measurements were taken to determine the lipid profile, total testosterone, and serum vitamin D-25-OH. The women's frequency distribution based on sociodemographic characteristics revealed significant differences within and between the groups. The variations in dietary intake between the PCOS-P and control groups were primarily in terms of total calories, carbohydrates, niacin, and folate, all of which were significantly higher in the PCOS-P group. Dietary fiber, unsaturated fat, vitamin A, vitamin B12, calcium, phosphorus, and selenium, on the other hand, were significantly higher in the control group. A majority of both groups had significantly higher BMI (overweight or obese) and higher BF, but normal VF. According to the findings, testosterone levels in PCOS-Ps were significantly higher than in the control group, but vitamin D-25-OH and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were significantly lower. Age, monthly income, cholesterol, low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and testosterone were the fundamental causes impacting women's anthropometric indices. In conclusion, although both groups were overweight or obese, and differences in calorie and nutrient intake, HDL-C, testosterone, and vitamin D-25-OH levels were observed. The study advises such population groups to limit their consumption of foods high in calories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nujud H. Hurayb
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.H.H.); (A.S.A.-K.); (M.A.M.); (A.E.A.Y.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Ghedeir M. Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.H.H.); (A.S.A.-K.); (M.A.M.); (A.E.A.Y.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Abdulrahman S. Al-Khalifa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.H.H.); (A.S.A.-K.); (M.A.M.); (A.E.A.Y.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Nora Alafif
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11534, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Dania H. Aljaroudi
- Research Center King Fahad Medical City (KFMC), P.O. Box 59046, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed A. Mohammed
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.H.H.); (A.S.A.-K.); (M.A.M.); (A.E.A.Y.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Abu ElGasim Ahmed Yagoub
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.H.H.); (A.S.A.-K.); (M.A.M.); (A.E.A.Y.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.H.H.); (A.S.A.-K.); (M.A.M.); (A.E.A.Y.); (M.A.Y.)
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Herbert S, Woolf K. Moving beyond Weight: A Narrative Review of the Dietary and Lifestyle Management for Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Nutrients 2023; 15:5069. [PMID: 38140328 PMCID: PMC10745999 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder experienced by women. PCOS is a lifelong condition associated with reproductive, metabolic, and psychological presentations. PCOS is also linked with increased prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors. While an association between body weight and PCOS has been noted, cardiometabolic risk factors are prevalent in individuals with PCOS across body weights. Currently, no consensus exists as to the most appropriate lifestyle strategy for mitigating cardiometabolic risk in PCOS. A large proportion of the literature is focused on weight loss for individuals with PCOS who are overweight or experience obesity, despite PCOS being prevalent across body sizes. The aim of this narrative review is to assess dietary and lifestyle interventions aimed at reducing cardiometabolic risk in individuals with PCOS across body sizes. A total of 51 articles are included in this review. Overall, randomized controlled trials are limited and most studies focus on weight loss, excluding individuals classified within a healthy body weight range. Studies that modified the dietary pattern without an energy deficit saw improvements in cardiometabolic risk. Thus, less restrictive dietary approaches may be effective at reducing cardiometabolic risk in this population. This review also highlights the need for more sustainable lifestyle interventions that meet the needs of individuals with PCOS of varying body weights.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathleen Woolf
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Steinhart School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA;
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Guimarães TCM, Taranto DODL, Couto CA, Nardelli MJ, Cândido AL, Hott CDA, Anastácio LR, Reis FM, Rocha ALL, Faria LC. Dietary pattern in women with polycystic ovary syndrome with and without associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A cross-sectional study. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2023; 78:100288. [PMID: 38052105 PMCID: PMC10746390 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) have a higher prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) than the general population. PCOS and NAFLD have common metabolic risk factors, however, the role of diet in NAFLD development is still uncertain in PCOS women. OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare the dietary patterns and nutritional intake in patients with PCOS with and without NAFLD. METHOD Cross-sectional study that included patients with PCOS diagnosed according to Rotterdam criteria. All participants were submitted to abdominal ultrasound to investigate liver steatosis. Dietary profile was assessed by 24-hour food recall (24hR), and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Diet quality was assessed by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) adapted for the Brazilian population. Physical activity practice was also assessed. RESULTS 87 participants were included (average age 35.2 ± 5.7 years), among whom, 67 (77%) had NAFLD. The group with PCOS and NAFLD presented higher body mass index (BMI) (34.9 ± 4.5 vs. 30.4 ± 4.9 kg/m2; p = 0.001), Waist Circumference (WC) (103 [97‒113] vs. 95 [87.5‒100] cm; p < 0.001) and were considered physically active less frequently than those without NAFLD (34.3% vs. 60%; p = 0.04). Food intake and dietary patterns assessed by 24hR, FFQ and HEI presented no difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS PCOS women with coexistent NAFLD had higher BMI, WC and were less physically active than those without NAFLD. Dietary evaluation showed that PCOS women with NAFLD had no significant difference in macro and micronutrients or food group intake and diet quality in comparison to those without NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Oliveira de Lima Taranto
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde do Adulto, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Serviço de Diagnóstico por Imagem do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Claudia Alves Couto
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde do Adulto, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Ambulatório de Doença Hepática Gordurosa Não Alcoólica, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mateus Jorge Nardelli
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde do Adulto, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Cândido
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Ambulatório de Doença Hepática Gordurosa Não Alcoólica, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cristina de Almeida Hott
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde do Adulto, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucilene Rezende Anastácio
- Departamento de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Reis
- Ambulatório de Hiperandrogenismo, Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Lunardi Rocha
- Ambulatório de Hiperandrogenismo, Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciana Costa Faria
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde do Adulto, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Ambulatório de Doença Hepática Gordurosa Não Alcoólica, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Manta A, Paschou SA, Isari G, Mavroeidi I, Kalantaridou S, Peppa M. Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Estimates in the Dietary Approach of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Nutrients 2023; 15:3483. [PMID: 37571420 PMCID: PMC10421037 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrine disorder characterized by hormonal imbalances and various metabolic abnormalities linked to insulin resistance via a vicious cycle. Genetic and environmental factors underlie its pathogenesis and evolution. Nutrition, in terms of nutrient composition, dietary patterns, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and food processing and preparation, has gained significant attention in the pathogenesis and the therapeutic approach of polycystic ovary syndrome. Carbohydrate intake seems to be a critical point in the diet assignment. Glycemic index and glycemic load constitute indexes of the impacts of dietary carbohydrates on postprandial glucose levels. Numerous studies have indicated that a high glycemic index and glycemic load diet may exacerbate insulin resistance, a key feature of the syndrome, and offer a risk for its development and its complications. Conversely, low-glycemic index and low-glycemic load diets seem to improve insulin sensitivity, regulate menstrual cycles, and mitigate the risk of comorbidities associated with polycystic ovary syndrome, such as obesity, alterations in body composition, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and quality of life. This comprehensive review aims to explore the relevance of nutrition and more specifically, the association of glycemic index and glycemic load with the various aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome, as well as to assess the potential benefits of manipulating those indexes in the dietary approach for the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aspasia Manta
- Endocrine Unit, 2nd Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12641 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (G.I.); (I.M.)
| | - Stavroula A. Paschou
- Endocrine Unit and Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Georgia Isari
- Endocrine Unit, 2nd Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12641 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (G.I.); (I.M.)
| | - Ioanna Mavroeidi
- Endocrine Unit, 2nd Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12641 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (G.I.); (I.M.)
| | - Sophia Kalantaridou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12641 Athens, Greece;
| | - Melpomeni Peppa
- Endocrine Unit, 2nd Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12641 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (G.I.); (I.M.)
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Ouyang P, Duan S, You Y, Jia X, Yang L. Risk prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus in women with polycystic ovary syndrome based on a nomogram model. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:408. [PMID: 37268889 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome are prone to develop gestational diabetes mellitus, a disease which may have significant impact on the postpartum health of both mother and infant. We performed a retrospective cohort study to develop and test a model that could predict gestational diabetes mellitus in the first trimester in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Our study included 434 pregnant women who were referred to the obstetrics department between December 2017 and March 2020 with a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Of these women, 104 were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus in the second trimester. Univariate analysis revealed that in the first trimester, Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), age, total cholesterol(TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), SBP (systolic blood pressure), family history, body mass index (BMI), and testosterone were predictive factors of gestational diabetes mellitus (P < 0.05). Logistic regression revealed that TC, age, HbA1C, BMI and family history were independent risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus. The area under the ROC curve of the gestational diabetes mellitus risk prediction model was 0.937 in this retrospective analysis, demonstrating a great discriminatory ability. The sensitivity and specificity of the prediction model were 0.833 and 0.923, respectively. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test also showed that the model was well calibrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Ouyang
- Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 53, Xiangchun Road, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Duan
- Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 53, Xiangchun Road, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping You
- Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 53, Xiangchun Road, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhou Jia
- Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 53, Xiangchun Road, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqin Yang
- Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 53, Xiangchun Road, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Çıtar Dazıroğlu ME, Acar Tek N. The Effect on Inflammation of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:191-202. [PMID: 36719550 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which is common in women of reproductive age worldwide, is a syndrome that reduces the lifelong quality of life and poses a significant risk for various diseases. PCOS is a combination of symptoms of hyperandrogenism, oligo-anovulation, and polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM). In PCOS, which is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, some inflammatory cytokines are increased. This review aimed to explain possible mechanisms of inflammation in PCOS and the effects of Mediterranean diet components on reducing this inflammation. RECENT FINDINGS Although the exact mechanisms of inflammation in PCOS are not yet fully known, it is stated that it is mediated by obesity, insulin resistance, and high androgen concentration. This inflammatory state negatively impacts the risk of future health problems and the quality of life of PCOS. Therefore, strategies to reduce inflammation are thought to be important. Dietary adjustments have important effects in reducing this inflammation and preventing disease. At this point, the Mediterranean diet, which has been proven to have a protective effect against many diseases, draws attention. Among the components of the Mediterranean diet, especially omega-3, antioxidants and dietary fiber may contribute to the reduction of inflammation through different mechanisms. PCOS is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, which increases women's risk of health problems, both now and in the future. Reducing inflammation is therefore extremely important, and it can be achieved with adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Inflammation pathways and the effect of the components of the Mediterranean diet in PCOS. AGE, advanced glycation end products; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-B. Obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperandrogenism may cause inflammation in PCOS through different mechanisms. Antioxidants, omega-3, and dietary fiber, which are the main components of the Mediterranean diet, may be effective in reducing this inflammation in PCOS. (Created with BioRender.com).
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Esra Çıtar Dazıroğlu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Nilüfer Acar Tek
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara, Turkey
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Furini C, Spaggiari G, Simoni M, Greco C, Santi D. Ketogenic state improves testosterone serum levels-results from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocrine 2023; 79:273-282. [PMID: 36149528 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is widely demonstrated that obesity and hypogonadism are bi-directionally correlated, since the hypogonadism prevalence is higher in obese population, while weight loss increases testosterone serum levels. Several approaches are available to contrast weight excess, from simple dietary regimens to more complex surgical procedures. Ketogenic diets (KD) fit in this context and their application is growing year after year, aiming to improve the metabolic and weight patterns in obese patients. However, KD influence on testosterone levels is still poorly investigated. OBJECTIVES To systematically evaluate the potential effect of KD on testosterone levels. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed until April 2022 including studies investigating testosterone levels before and after KD. Secondary endpoints were body weight, estradiol and sex-hormone binding globulin serum levels. Any kind of KD was considered eligible, and no specific criteria for study populations were provided. RESULTS Seven studies (including eight trials) were included in the analysis for a total of 230 patients, five using normocaloric KD and three very low calories KD (VLCKD). Only three studies enrolled overweight/obese men. A significant total testosterone increase was recorded after any kind of KD considering 111 patients (2.86 [0.95, 4.77], p = 0.003). This increase was more evident considering VLCKD compared to normocaloric KD (6.75 [3.31, 10.20], p < 0.001, versus 0.98 [0.08, 1.88], p = 0.030). Meta-regression analyses highlighted significant correlations between the post-KD testosterone raise with patients' age (R-squared 36.4, p < 0.001) and weight loss (R-squared 73.6, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Comprehensively, KD improved testosterone levels depending on both patients' age and KD-induced weight loss. However, the lack of information in included studies on hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis prevents an exhaustive comprehension about mechanisms connecting ketosis and testosterone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Furini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, Modena, Italy
| | - Giorgia Spaggiari
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, Modena, Italy
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, Modena, Italy
| | - Carla Greco
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, Modena, Italy.
| | - Daniele Santi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, Modena, Italy
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Kite C, Atkinson L, McGregor G, Clark CCT, Randeva HS, Kyrou I. Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation-Identifying Constructs for Increasing Physical Activity Behaviours in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2309. [PMID: 36767676 PMCID: PMC9915314 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the commonest endocrinopathy in reproductive-aged women. Because increased adiposity is pivotal in the severity of PCOS-related symptoms, treatment usually incorporates increasing energy expenditure through physical activity (PA). This study aimed to understand the reasons why women with PCOS engage in PA/exercise, which could support the development of targeted behavioural interventions in this at-risk population. Validated questionnaires were administered for self-reported PA levels, quality of life, mental health, illness perception, sleep quality, and capability, opportunity, and motivation (COM) for PA. Using categorical PA data, outcomes were compared between groups; ordinal logistic regression (OLR) was used to identify whether COM could explain PA categorisation. A total of 333 participants were eligible; favourable differences were reported for body mass index, depression, mental wellbeing, self-rated health, illness perception, and insomnia severity for those reporting the highest PA levels. COM scores increased according to PA categorisation, whilst OLR identified conscious and automatic motivation as explaining the largest PA variance. The most active participants reported favourable data for most outcomes. However, determining whether health is protected by higher PA or ill health is a barrier to PA was not possible. These findings suggest that future behavioural interventions should be targeted at increasing patient motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Kite
- School of Public Health Studies, Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Research Institute for Health & Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Lou Atkinson
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- EXI, People’s Mission Hall, 20-30 Whitechapel Road, London E1 1EW, UK
| | - Gordon McGregor
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Research Institute for Health & Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Centre for Exercise & Health, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Cain C. T. Clark
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Harpal S. Randeva
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Research Institute for Health & Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
- Laboratory of Dietetics & Quality of Life, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, School of Food & Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
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10
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Gholizadeh‐Moghaddam M, Ghasemi‐Tehrani H, Askari G, Jaripur M, Clark CCT, Rouhani MH. Effect of magnesium supplementation in improving hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, and sleep quality in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1013. [PMID: 36620514 PMCID: PMC9798963 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the common endocrine disorders in women, which causes numerous symptoms in women. The relationship of many micronutrients with this syndrome has been investigated. This study was conducted to examine the effects of magnesium supplementation on hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, and sleep quality in women with PCOS. Methods In this parallel randomized clinical trial, 64 women with PCOS were randomly assigned to the magnesium group (n = 32) or placebo group (n = 32) for 10 weeks. Patients in the magnesium group received one 250 mg magnesium oxide tablet, per day. Hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, and sleep quality were measured at the beginning and end of the study. This randomized clinical trial was registered at https://www.IRCT.ir (IRCT20130903014551N8). Results Magnesium supplementation had no significant effect on hyperandrogenism (p = 0.51 for dehydroepiandrosterone sulfates, p = 0.27 for testosterone), hirsutism (p = 0.23), and sleep quality (p = 0.85) compared with placebo. Conclusions The present study showed that a single dose of magnesium supplementation elicited no beneficial effects on the mentioned symptoms in polycystic women. It is possible that the positive effects of magnesium observed in the former studies were due to the synergistic effects of other vitamins or minerals. More studies are needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Gholizadeh‐Moghaddam
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community NutritionIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Hatav Ghasemi‐Tehrani
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community NutritionIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Mahsima Jaripur
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community NutritionIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | | | - Mohammad Hossein Rouhani
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community NutritionIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
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11
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Lower Fiber Consumption in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245285. [PMID: 36558444 PMCID: PMC9785338 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrine disorder associated with metabolic abnormalities and gut microbiota dysbiosis. The deficiency of dietary fiber, a crucial nutrient in the daily diet, is also associated with a wide range of metabolic and reproductive abnormalities, as well as an altered gut microbial ecosystem. This study is a meta-analysis to summarize the available evidence on the dietary fiber intake level in PCOS patients. Databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for observational studies, and 13 studies were finally included. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) with the 95% confidence interval (CI) of daily dietary fiber intake and total energy intake were calculated using the random-effects model. The pooled result (12 studies) on absolute dietary fiber intake showed that while there was no significant difference in the total energy intake [−0.17 (−0.44, 0.09), p = 0.208], the dietary fiber intake was significantly lower in PCOS women than those of controls [−0.32 (−0.50, −0.14), p < 0.001]. However, significant heterogeneity was detected across the studies (I2 = 65.6%, p = 0.001). Meta-regression suggested that geographic region and dietary assessment method may confer borderline significance of influence on the heterogeneity. The pooled result (two studies) on dietary fiber intake which adjusted for total energy intake, however, showed no significant difference [−2.11 (−4.77, 0.56), p = 0.122]. In subgroup analyses based on absolute dietary fiber intake, a lower dietary fiber intake in PCOS was observed in studies conducted in Asia, adopted food diary or records or food recall as the dietary assessment method, had a case−control study design, or used Rotterdam criteria for PCOS diagnosis. The difference in SMD was still significant in the adult subgroup or in studies matched or unmatched for age.
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12
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Kazemi M, Kim JY, Wan C, Xiong JD, Michalak J, Xavier IB, Ganga K, Tay CT, Grieger JA, Parry SA, Moran LJ, Lujan ME. Comparison of dietary and physical activity behaviors in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 39 471 women. Hum Reprod Update 2022; 28:910-955. [PMID: 35639552 PMCID: PMC9629501 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle (dietary and/or physical activity [PA]) modification is recommended as first-line therapy to manage polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Current recommendations are based on healthy lifestyle practices for the general public since evidence for unique lifestyle approaches in PCOS is limited and low quality. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE We aimed to synthesize evidence on dietary and PA behaviors between women with PCOS and those without PCOS. Primary outcomes were overall diet quality, total energy intake and total PA, and secondary outcomes included macronutrients, micronutrients, food groups, foods, glycemic indices, sedentary time and sitting levels. We conducted this work to identify any unique lifestyle behaviors in women with PCOS that could underlie the propensity of weight gain and obesity in PCOS and be targeted for precision nutrition and PA interventions. These findings could be used to inform future practice recommendations and research that more effectively address complications (weight gain, obesity, diabetes, infertility, cardiovascular disease and mental health) in this high-risk population. SEARCH METHODS Databases of MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus and CINAHL were searched until 15 February 2022 to identify observational studies documenting dietary and PA behaviors between women with PCOS and without PCOS (Controls). Studies on children, adolescents (<18 years), pregnant or menopausal-aged women (>50 years) were excluded. Data were pooled by random-effects models and expressed as (standardized) mean differences (MD) and 95% CIs. The risk of bias was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). OUTCOMES Fifty-four studies (N = 39 471 participants; [n = 8736 PCOS; 30 735 Controls]) were eligible (96%; [52/54] NOS scores ≥ 7). Women with PCOS had higher cholesterol (MD: 12.78, 95% CI: 1.48 to 24.08 mg/day; P = 0.03; I2 = 19%), lower magnesium (MD: -21.46, 95% CI: -41.03 to -1.91 mg/day; P = 0.03; I2 = 76%), and a tendency for lower zinc (MD: -1.08, 95% CI: -2.19 to -0.03 mg/day; P = 0.05; I2 = 96%) intake, despite lower alcohol consumption (MD: -0.95, 95% CI: -1.67 to 0.22 g/day; P = 0.02; I2 = 0%) versus Controls. Also, women with PCOS had lower total PA (standardized mean difference: -0.38, 95% CI: -0.72 to 0.03; P = 0.03; I2 = 98%). Conversely, energy, macronutrients (carbohydrate, fat, protein, fiber), micronutrients (folic acid, iron, calcium, sodium), glycemic index and glycemic load were similar (all: P ≥ 0.06). Most eligible studies reported lower total adherence to healthy eating patterns or poorer consumption of major food groups (grains, fruits, vegetables, proteins, seeds, nuts, dairy) in women with PCOS, as described narratively since variable study methodology did not permit meta-analyses. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Collective evidence supports that women with PCOS have a lower overall diet quality, poorer dietary intakes (higher cholesterol, lower magnesium and zinc) and lower total PA, despite lower alcohol consumption versus those without PCOS. Considerable heterogeneity among studies reinforces the need for research to address any relative contributions of other factors (e.g. genetic, metabolic or sociodemographic) to the observed differences. These clarifications may contribute to future evidence-based guideline recommendations on monitoring and managing PCOS in the era of precision lifestyle medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kazemi
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Human Metabolic Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Hilda and J. Lester Gabrilove Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joy Y Kim
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Human Metabolic Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Cynthia Wan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Human Metabolic Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Julia D Xiong
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Human Metabolic Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Julia Michalak
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Human Metabolic Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Isabella B Xavier
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Human Metabolic Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kiran Ganga
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Human Metabolic Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Chau Thien Tay
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Jessica A Grieger
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stephen A Parry
- Cornell Statistical Consulting Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Lisa J Moran
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Marla E Lujan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Human Metabolic Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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13
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Association Between Dietary Fiber and Female Fertility: a NHANES-Based Study. Reprod Sci 2022; 30:1555-1564. [PMID: 36315393 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01103-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate whether dietary fiber content and density were associated with female infertility in the USA. Data on current dietary fiber and current or past female infertility were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) in 2013-2014, 2015-2016, and 2017-2018 cycles. Infertility was identified with the question "Have you ever tried a year to become pregnant: ever attempted to become pregnant over a period of at least a year without becoming pregnant?" The association between dietary fiber and female infertility was analyzed by weighted multivariate logistic regression. Subgroup analysis was performed based on the body mass index (BMI) of women. False discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted P values (q values) < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. Totally 2370 women were eligible for analysis. Dietary fiber content was negatively associated with female infertility [odds ratio (OR) = 0.643, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.480-0.861, P = 0.004, q = 0.020]. Dietary fiber density was not associated with the odds of female infertility (OR = 0.734, 95% CI = 0.573-0.941, P = 0.016, q = 0.079). Subgroup analysis exhibited that dietary fiber content was not associated with infertility in underweight and normal-weight (OR = 0.620, 95% CI = 0.332-1.157, P = 0.130, q = 0.467) and overweight (OR = 0.764, 95% CI = 0.523-1.117, P = 0.160, q = 0.553) women; dietary fiber content was inversely associated with infertility in obese women (OR = 0.610, 95% CI = 0.443-0.841, P = 0.003, q = 0.015). There were no significant associations between dietary fiber density and female infertility in underweight and normal-weight (OR = 0.673, 95% CI = 0.393-1.153, P = 0.146, q = 0.410), overweight (OR = 0.769, 95% CI = 0.534-1.107, P = 0.153, q = 0.523), and obese (OR = 0.753, 95% CI = 0.581-0.975, P = 0.032, q = 0.160) populations. In conclusion, a negative association was found between dietary fiber content and female infertility especially among obese women. Future studies are warranted to confirm our findings and the causal relationship between dietary fiber, obesity, and female infertility.
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14
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Sivasankari R, Usha B. Reshaping the Gut Microbiota Through Lifestyle Interventions in Women with PCOS: A Review. Indian J Microbiol 2022; 62:351-363. [PMID: 35974920 PMCID: PMC9375820 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-022-01019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder evolving as a global threat to women's health. However, its multifactorial etiology causes difficulty in eliminating it. The interrelation between the gut microbiota and metabolic disorders has been trending recently, giving rise to new opportunities on the etiology and pathogenesis of PCOS. Lifestyle interventions such as healthy diet, physical exercises, and behavioral interventions such as regulation of stress and sleep cycles have been identified to improve the symptoms of PCOS across the endocrinological, metabolic and psychological scales and are recommended as the first line of treatment for PCOS. The impact of the unhealthy lifestyle factors on intestinal dysbiosis that cause PCOS is summarized in this review. This review also provides an insight on the therapeutic approaches that primarily target the gut microbiota and offers novel gut microflora-associated treatment strategies for PCOS. Further, this survey also highlights the need for the implementation of lifestyle management strategies and strongly recommends a healthy and stress-free lifestyle to promote gut health and manage PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadurai Sivasankari
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603 203 India
| | - Balasundaram Usha
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603 203 India
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15
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Hosseini Dastgerdi A, Ghanbari Rad M, Soltani N. The Therapeutic Effects of Magnesium in Insulin Secretion and Insulin Resistance. Adv Biomed Res 2022; 11:54. [PMID: 35982863 PMCID: PMC9379913 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_366_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a chronic pathological condition that is related to reduce the rates of glucose uptake, especially in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue as target tissues. Metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus can occur following progression of the disease. The majority of prior research has applied that some cations such as magnesium (Mg2+) have important physiological role in insulin metabolism. Mg2+ is the fourth most abundant mineral in the human body that gets involved as a cofactor of various enzymes in several metabolic events, such as carbohydrate oxidation, and it has a fundamental role in glucose transporting mechanism of the cell membrane. This cation has numerous duties in the human body such as regulation of insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells and phosphorylation of the insulin receptors in target cells and also gets involved in other downstream signal kinases as intracellular cation. On this basis, intracellular Mg2+ balancing is vital for adequate carbohydrate metabolism. This paper summarizes the present knowledge about the therapeutic effects of Mg2+ in reducing IR in liver, muscle, and pancreases with different mechanisms. For this, the search was performed in Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science by insulin resistance, skeletal muscle, liver, pancreases, magnesium, Mg2+, and inflammation keywords.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahtab Ghanbari Rad
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nepton Soltani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Address for correspondence: Prof. Nepton Soltani, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
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16
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Scarfò G, Daniele S, Fusi J, Gesi M, Martini C, Franzoni F, Cela V, Artini PG. Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms of Diet and Physical Exercise in the Management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061305. [PMID: 35740328 PMCID: PMC9219791 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine systemic disorder mainly characterized by a hormonal and metabolic disbalance that leads to oligo/anovulation, hyperandrogenism and the formation of ovarian cysts. Despite the progress that has been reached in its diagnosis and management, little is known about the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying the pathogenic mechanisms. In this sense, recent research has suggested that the influence of multiple factors, including age, environment, lifestyle and the disease state environment can change the clinical presentation of PCOS via epigenetic modifications. Variants in the genes encoding for proteins involved in steroidogenesis and glucose homeostasis play a crucial role in the development of the disease. Other genes involved in inflammation and cell proliferation seem to undergo an epigenetic control. Moreover, lifestyle factors influence the PCOS course and prognosis, including diet and physical activity, which are fundamental in reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and in improving metabolic and hormonal parameters. In the present review, literature evidence on molecular and epigenetic mechanisms related to PCOS etiology will be discussed, with a particular attention on the positive influence of diet and physical activity as nonpharmacological ways of intervention in the management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Scarfò
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.S.); (J.F.); (F.F.)
| | - Simona Daniele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (P.G.A.); Tel.: +39-050-2219608 (S.D.); +39-050-554104 (P.G.A.)
| | - Jonathan Fusi
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.S.); (J.F.); (F.F.)
| | - Marco Gesi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Ferdinando Franzoni
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.S.); (J.F.); (F.F.)
| | - Vito Cela
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Paolo Giovanni Artini
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (P.G.A.); Tel.: +39-050-2219608 (S.D.); +39-050-554104 (P.G.A.)
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17
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Zirak Sharkesh E, Keshavarz SA, Nazari L, Abbasi B. The dietary inflammatory index is directly associated with polycystic ovary syndrome: A case-control study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2022; 96:698-706. [PMID: 34961961 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association between diet and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) might be mediated by the inflammatory properties of the diet. The study aimed to investigate the relationships between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) with odds of PCOS among the adult population. METHODS In the hospital-based case-control study, 203 patients with PCOS and 291 non-PCOS controls were enroled. DII was calculated via a validated 147-item quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Thirty-six macro- and micronutrients were extracted from FFQ and used to calculate DII. Employing a case-control design, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained, with a dose-response effect confirmed by the test for trend (p for trend). RESULTS The mean ± SD age and body mass index (BMI) of the study participants were 29.67 ± 5.92 years and 24.51 ± 4.71 kg/m2 , respectively. Compared with controls subjects, PCOS patients had significantly higher weight, BMI, and waist circumferences, but had lower physical activity. PCOS subjects had higher intakes of carbohydrate, cholesterol, and refined grains, but lower intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids, fibre, vitamin B12 , vitamin D, and dairy as compared to controls. Compared with participants in the lowest quartile of DII, those in the highest quartile had a significantly higher OR for PCOS after further adjustment for potential confounders (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 0.95-3.22). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that high DII was associated with an increased odds of PCOS diagnosis. Prospective dietary intervention studies and observational prospective cohorts are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Zirak Sharkesh
- Department of Nutrition, Electronic Health and Statistics Surveillance Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed A Keshavarz
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Nazari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Preventative Gynecology Research Center (PGRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnood Abbasi
- Department of Nutrition, Electronic Health and Statistics Surveillance Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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18
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ElObeid T, Awad MO, Ganji V, Moawad J. The Impact of Mineral Supplementation on Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040338. [PMID: 35448525 PMCID: PMC9027569 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinopathy that is common among women of reproductive age. It is a heterogeneous disorder with an unknown etiology. Different strategies have been proposed for the treatment of PCOS. Recent studies recommend supplementation with specific minerals for treating various PCOS phenotypes. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS databases by using search terms combining PCOS with the supplementation of magnesium, zinc, selenium, or chromium. This review presents a narrative concerning the association between PCOS and magnesium, zinc, selenium, and chromium supplementation. We review findings from various randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses conducted in women of childbearing age with PCOS. Recent reports highlight the beneficial effect of minerals on the clinical and metabolic symptoms of PCOS. Further studies are required to establish the appropriate dosage level of these minerals for ameliorating the pathologies associated with PCOS because of the potential health risks linked with higher doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahra ElObeid
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (V.G.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marwa Osman Awad
- Department of Northern Region Operations, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 26555, Qatar;
| | - Vijay Ganji
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (V.G.); (J.M.)
| | - Joyce Moawad
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (V.G.); (J.M.)
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Perikonzeptioneller Einfluss von Ernährung und Mikronährstoffen auf die Reproduktionsfunktion. GYNAKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-022-00437-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungDie Bedeutung von Mikronährstoffen und einer insgesamt „gesunden Ernährung“ in der Schwangerschaft ist unstrittig. Im Gegensatz dazu ist die Datenlage zum Einfluss der perikonzeptionellen Ernährung auf die Konzeption, Implantation und den weiteren Schwangerschaftsverlauf weit weniger klar. Gesichert scheint, dass ein hoher Anteil von Vollkornprodukten, Früchten, Gemüse, Fisch und Olivenöl bei moderatem Anteil von Kohlenhydraten günstige Effekte entfaltet. Bei Kinderwunsch ist heute die Folsäuresubstitution obligat, diese kann nach aktuellen Leitlinien der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften durch Vitamin D ergänzt werden.
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Parker J, O’Brien C, Hawrelak J, Gersh FL. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Evolutionary Adaptation to Lifestyle and the Environment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031336. [PMID: 35162359 PMCID: PMC8835454 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is increasingly recognized as a complex metabolic disorder that manifests in genetically susceptible women following a range of negative exposures to nutritional and environmental factors related to contemporary lifestyle. The hypothesis that PCOS phenotypes are derived from a mismatch between ancient genetic survival mechanisms and modern lifestyle practices is supported by a diversity of research findings. The proposed evolutionary model of the pathogenesis of PCOS incorporates evidence related to evolutionary theory, genetic studies, in utero developmental epigenetic programming, transgenerational inheritance, metabolic features including insulin resistance, obesity and the apparent paradox of lean phenotypes, reproductive effects and subfertility, the impact of the microbiome and dysbiosis, endocrine-disrupting chemical exposure, and the influence of lifestyle factors such as poor-quality diet and physical inactivity. Based on these premises, the diverse lines of research are synthesized into a composite evolutionary model of the pathogenesis of PCOS. It is hoped that this model will assist clinicians and patients to understand the importance of lifestyle interventions in the prevention and management of PCOS and provide a conceptual framework for future research. It is appreciated that this theory represents a synthesis of the current evidence and that it is expected to evolve and change over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Parker
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Claire O’Brien
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Bruce 2617, Australia;
| | - Jason Hawrelak
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7005, Australia;
| | - Felice L. Gersh
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85004, USA;
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Kulshreshtha B, Sharma N, Pant S, Sharma L, Pahuja B, Singh P. PCOS patients differ in meal timings rather than total caloric or macronutrient intake in comparison to weight matched controls. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2022; 270:11-16. [PMID: 35007973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is paucity of data related to dietary patterns in women with PCOS with heterogenous phenotypes compared to weight matched healthy women. In the present study, we studied the influence of diet and dietary patterns in relation to BMI and phenotype of PCOS women. DESIGN Case control study in a tertiary care hospital. PATIENTS 168 PCOS women and 102 age matched healthy women were recruited. All were subjected to clinical examination, biochemical, hormonal and dietary assessment based on 2-day dietary recall and direct interview by dieticians. RESULTS There was no difference in the total energy and macronutrient distribution among the lean and obese PCOS women compared to weight matched controls. There was a higher junk intake and lower fibre intake among PCOS patients compared to controls. There was no difference in the total energy or macronutrient distribution or meal timings among different phenotypes of PCOS. Around 40% PCOS women had a late/missed breakfast pattern compared to 15% of healthy controls (p-0.00). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, we observed that late breakfast and late lunch patterns were associated with PCOS independent of BMI (OR-3.3[CI- 1.7-6.8] and 3.0 [CI- 1.2-6.9]). Junk intake was correlated with BMI, glucose and cholesterol levels and dairy intake was correlated with hirsuitism score. CONCLUSION We demonstrate for the first time that PCOS women differ significantly from weight matched controls in the timings of their breakfast and lunch intake rather than the total caloric intake and macronutrient distribution. Whether correction of meal timings and food choices can improve the phenotypic manifestations of PCOS remains to be seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Kulshreshtha
- Department of Endocrinology, ABVIMS, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | - Neera Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, ABVIMS, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Shubhi Pant
- Department of Endocrinology, ABVIMS, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, ABVIMS, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhawna Pahuja
- Department of Endocrinology, ABVIMS, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Department of Endocrinology, ABVIMS, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Navarro-Lafuente F, Arense-Gonzalo JJ, Sánchez-Ferrer ML, Prieto-Sánchez MT, Cutillas-Tolín A, Mendiola J, Adoamnei E, Gazabat-Barbado E, Vioque J, Torres-Cantero AM. Fat intake pattern in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Reprod Biomed Online 2022; 44:93-103. [PMID: 34654614 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Do women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a different fat intake pattern to women without PCOS? DESIGN Case-control study of 276 women between 20 and 35 years old from the Murcia region of Spain. Cases (n = 121) attended the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of the University Clinical Hospital and were diagnosed with PCOS using Rotterdam criteria. Controls (n = 155) were women without PCOS attending the gynaecological outpatient clinic for routine gynaecological examinations. Data from clinical, gynaecological and analytical examinations were collected, including a food frequency questionnaire. Associations between fat intake and presence of PCOS and its phenotypes were examined using multiple logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounding factors. RESULTS Although no association was found between fatty acid intake and PCOS, significant associations were observed for some PCOS phenotypes. The PCOS phenotype characterized by hyperandrogenism + oligo/amenorrhoea + polycystic ovarian morphology ('H+O+POM') was significantly associated with a higher intake of polyunsaturated fat (odds ratio [OR] 4.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-14.2; fourth quartile of highest intake [Q4] versus lowest intake quartile as reference [Q1]) and omega-6 fatty acids (OR 3.5; 95% CI 1.01-12.4; Q3 versus Q1). The 'H+O' phenotype was positively associated with saturated fat intake (OR 6.9; 95% CI 1.1-41.6; Q4 versus Q1). CONCLUSION This exploratory study suggests that higher intakes of specific fatty acids are related to some PCOS phenotypes although no association was found for PCOS on a global basis. It is recommended that studies with larger sample size be performed to further explore these associations, thus contributing to establishing recommendations about fat intake adapted to different PCOS phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuensanta Navarro-Lafuente
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Murcia School of Medicine, Espinardo Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Julián J Arense-Gonzalo
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Murcia School of Medicine, Espinardo Murcia 30100, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar Murcia 30120, Spain.
| | - María L Sánchez-Ferrer
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar Murcia 30120, Spain; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 'Virgen de la Arrixaca' University Clinical Hospital, El Palmar Murcia 30120, Spain
| | - María T Prieto-Sánchez
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar Murcia 30120, Spain; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 'Virgen de la Arrixaca' University Clinical Hospital, El Palmar Murcia 30120, Spain
| | - Ana Cutillas-Tolín
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Murcia School of Medicine, Espinardo Murcia 30100, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar Murcia 30120, Spain
| | - Jaime Mendiola
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Murcia School of Medicine, Espinardo Murcia 30100, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar Murcia 30120, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Evdochia Adoamnei
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Murcia School of Medicine, Espinardo Murcia 30100, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar Murcia 30120, Spain
| | - Esteban Gazabat-Barbado
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 'Virgen de la Arrixaca' University Clinical Hospital, El Palmar Murcia 30120, Spain
| | - Jesús Vioque
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante 03550, Spain
| | - Alberto M Torres-Cantero
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Murcia School of Medicine, Espinardo Murcia 30100, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar Murcia 30120, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University Clinical Hospital 'Virgen de la Arrixaca', El Palmar Murcia 30120, Spain
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Mizgier M, Watrowski R, Opydo-Szymaczek J, Jodłowska-Siewert E, Lombardi G, Kędzia W, Jarząbek-Bielecka G. Association of Macronutrients Composition, Physical Activity and Serum Androgen Concentration in Young Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Nutrients 2021; 14:73. [PMID: 35010948 PMCID: PMC8746804 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The roles of dietary macronutrients and physical activity (PA) in patients with PCOS have not been sufficiently reported, especially in adolescent girls. To address this knowledge gap, we evaluated the associations between serum concentrations of total testosterone (tT), free testosterone (fT), androstenedione (A), dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and dietary macronutrients intake as well as different types and levels of PA. The study population consisted of 96 girls of Caucasian ancestry, aged 14-18 years: 61 participants with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 35 healthy controls. Serum tT, fT, A, DHEA-S, and SHBG were determined in fasting blood. Macronutrient intake and PA levels were assessed by using the three-day food record method and the Beliefs and Eating Habits Questionnaire (KomPAN), respectively. We found several positive correlations between dietary macronutrients such as total fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and hormonal parameters across the entire cohort and in healthy girls. A positive correlation between SHBG and total protein consumption as well as an inverse correlation between SHBG and carbohydrate intake could be determined. No correlation between androgens and macronutrients was found in the PCOS group. In contrast, we observed an inverse correlation between androgen concentrations (except of DHEA-S) and "work/school" and/or "leisure time" PA only in PCOS patients. Moreover, the hormone levels differed according to PA intensity. In conclusion, the impact of diet and PA was strikingly different in adolescents with and without PCOS. These findings indicate that disturbed hormonal homeostasis in PCOS, at least in the youngest patients, likely "overtrump" dietary influences, and otherwise, PA offers a therapeutic potential that requires further evaluation of the long-term effects in randomized studies. (ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: NCT04738409.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Mizgier
- Dietetic Department, Faculty of Physical Culture, Poznan University of Physical Education, 66-400 Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland
| | - Rafał Watrowski
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Justyna Opydo-Szymaczek
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Jodłowska-Siewert
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milano, Italy;
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland
| | - Witold Kędzia
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Division of Developmental Gynecology and Sexology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; (W.K.); (G.J.-B.)
| | - Grażyna Jarząbek-Bielecka
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Division of Developmental Gynecology and Sexology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; (W.K.); (G.J.-B.)
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Badri-Fariman M, Naeini AA, Mirzaei K, Moeini A, Hosseini M, Bagheri SE, Daneshi-Maskooni M. Association between the food security status and dietary patterns with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in overweight and obese Iranian women: a case-control study. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:134. [PMID: 34645502 PMCID: PMC8515721 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00890-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), as one of the significant endocrine disorders, is common among women worldwide. Food insecurity (FI) and unhealthy dietary patterns can negatively affect reproductive health. The effects of the lifestyle modifications, especially dietary components, on PCOS are contradictory. The aim was the assessment of association between PCOS with food security status and dietary patterns among overweight or obese women. Methods This case-control study was performed on 240 overweight and obese women with and without PCOS (ratio 1:1) referred to the infertility clinic of Arash Hospital, Tehran, Iran. The general and socioeconomic characteristics, anthropometrics (weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference), physical activity, food security status, and dietary intakes (or patterns) were assessed using valid questionnaires, scales, stadiometer, and tape meter. The significant p-value was < 0.05. Results The prevalence of FI was 60% in women with PCOS and 30% in healthy women. PCOS risk was positively related to FI, quasi-western dietary patterns, low economic levels, waist circumference, and menstrual age and negatively with physical activity and healthy dietary patterns, even after controlling the potential confounders (P < 0.05). PCOS women had a higher intake of saturated fats, monounsaturated fats, oleic acid, fluorine, sucrose, and caffeine and a lower intake of vitamins A, B5, B6, B12, C, and D, potassium, proteins, carbohydrates, cholesterols, docosahexaenoic acid, potassium, carotenes, lutein, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, calcium, iron, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, tetra- and dihydrofolate, biotin, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, copper, fiber (total, insoluble, and crude), glucose, galactose, fructose, and lactose compared to the healthy women (P < 0.05). Conclusions FI, quasi-western dietary patterns, low economic levels, and waist circumference were significantly associated with the higher risk of PCOS. The lifestyle changes, especially dietary patterns, may be an essential strategy for reducing PCOS. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings and to identify the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Badri-Fariman
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirmansour Alavi Naeini
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Moeini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hosseini
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Milad Daneshi-Maskooni
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Kerman, Iran.
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25
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Ebere R, Imungi J, Kimani V. Glycemic index values of traditional Kenyan foods: the missing link in the effectiveness of dietary approach in the prevention and management of diabetes mellitus in Kenya. Afr Health Sci 2021; 21:710-718. [PMID: 34795727 PMCID: PMC8568238 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v21i2.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycemic index (GI) measures postprandial blood sugar after consumption of carbohydrate-rich foodstuff. Kenya is yet to fully embrace this concept in prevention and management of diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE To review and tabulate GIs of locally consumed foods in order to improve dietary management of diabetes mellitus. METHODOLOGY A literature search was conducted using Google scholar and PubMed databases which identified 7 articles on glycemic index values of Kenyan foods published between 2002 and 2020. Two articles failed to meet the inclusion criteria and five proceeded for review. Key search words used included GI, glycemic load and glycemic response combined with Kenya. The data was reported depending on whether the testing involved healthy individuals or patients suffering from diabetes mellitus. RESULTS Nine individual foods and 7 mixed meals were identified. Low GI foods included beans and whole maize ugali consumed alongside cowpea leaves. High GI foods included whole maize ugali eaten with beef, boiled rice, boiled cassava and cassava-sorghum ugali eaten with silver fish. CONCLUSION Proper meal mixing is important in diabetes management. Cowpea leaves and beans possess GI lowering potential. This information can be used to improve guidance on food choices for diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Ebere
- Meru University of Science and Technology, Department of Food Science
| | - Jasper Imungi
- University of Nairobi, Department of Food Nutrition and Technology
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26
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Crosstalk of Magnesium and Serum Lipids in Dyslipidemia and Associated Disorders: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051411. [PMID: 33922341 PMCID: PMC8146023 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a significant threat to public health worldwide and the identification of its pathogenic mechanisms, as well as novel lipid-lowering agents, are warranted. Magnesium (Mg) is a key element to human health and its deficiency has been linked to the development of lipid abnormalities and related disorders, such as the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, or cardiovascular disease. In this review, we explored the associations of Mg (dietary intake, Mg concentrations in the body) and the lipid profile, as well as the impact of Mg supplementation on serum lipids. A systematic search was computed in PubMed/MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library and 3649 potentially relevant papers were detected and screened (n = 3364 following the removal of duplicates). After the removal of irrelevant manuscripts based on the screening of their titles and abstracts (n = 3037), we examined the full-texts of 327 original papers. Finally, after we applied the exclusion and inclusion criteria, a number of 124 original articles were included in this review. Overall, the data analyzed in this review point out an association of Mg concentrations in the body with serum lipids in dyslipidemia and related disorders. However, further research is warranted to clarify whether a higher intake of Mg from the diet or via supplements can influence the lipid profile and exert lipid-lowering actions.
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27
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Noormohammadi M, Eslamian G, Malek S, Shoaibinobarian N, Mirmohammadali SN. The association between fertility diet score and polycystic ovary syndrome: A Case-Control study. Health Care Women Int 2021; 43:70-84. [PMID: 33797335 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2021.1886298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We performed this case-control study with 303 polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients and 588 age-matched controls to evaluate the relation between fertility diet score and odds of PCOS. In a fully adjusted model, the top tertile of fertility diet score compared to the bottom was associated with 22% [95%CI 0.71-0.93] lower odds of PCOS (P trend = 0.012). Ratio of monounsaturated to trans fat and vegetable protein was associated with a lower odd of PCOS. Animal protein intake and glycemic load were associated with a higher odd of PCOS. Based on our results, increasing the quality of the diet according to fertility diet score can reduce the odds of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morvarid Noormohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Eslamian
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Malek
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, California State University, Chico, CA, USA
| | - Nargeskhatoon Shoaibinobarian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences and Technologies, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Nooshan Mirmohammadali
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences and Technologies, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
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Babapour M, Mohammadi H, Kazemi M, Hadi A, Rezazadegan M, Askari G. Associations Between Serum Magnesium Concentrations and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Status: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1297-1305. [PMID: 32812171 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is the second most frequent intracellular cation in humans with a critical role in insulin metabolism and glucoregulation. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) often present with insulin resistance and impaired glucoregulatory status; however, their Mg status remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate serum Mg concentration in women with PCOS and compare it with that of controls without PCOS. Online databases of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ISI Web of Science were searched for studies evaluating the relationship between Mg concentrations and PCOS status until October 2019. Pooled weighted mean differences (WMDs) of serum Mg levels were calculated using random effects models. A total of eight studies (10 arms; n = 2026 women) were included. Pooled effect sizes, expressed as WMD and 95% CI, revealed decreased serum Mg concentrations in women with PCOS compared with controls (- 0.09 (- 0.17, - 0.02) mmol/L; P = 0.01). However, significant heterogeneity was detected across the studies (I 2 = 98.0%, P < 0.001). Despite the classification of studies based on baseline BMI classes, we did not detect the potential source of the observed heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis showed that overweight and obese women (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, 0.07 mmol/L (- 0.14, - 0.01); P = 0.02) with PCOS had lower magnesium concentrations than normal women (BMI < 25 kg/m2, - 0.11 (- 0.25, 0.04) mmol/L; P = 0.14) compared with the control group. Serum Mg concentrations appear to be declined in overweight or obese women with PCOS, which may warrant screening and management of Mg status in this clinical population. High-quality studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between Mg concentrations and the development of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Babapour
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Kazemi
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Human Metabolic Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Amir Hadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Rezazadegan
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745, Isfahan, Iran.
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Knowledge, Attitudes, and Barriers towards Dietary Pulse Consumption in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Participating in a Multi-Disciplinary Lifestyle Intervention to Improve Women’s Health. SEXES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sexes2010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulse (beans, lentils, chickpeas, peas) consumption is low in developed countries. Pulses have the potential to benefit the management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) because they improve aspects of metabolic derangements (dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance), which contribute to reproductive disturbances (oligo-amenorrhea, hyperandrogenism). We compared changes in knowledge, attitudes, and barriers towards pulse consumption in PCOS cohorts who participated in a pulse-based or a Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) dietary intervention. Thirty women (18–35 years old) randomised to a pulse-based diet (supplied with pulse-based meals) and 31 women in a TLC group completed pulse consumption questionnaires before and after a 16-week intervention. The pulse-diet group demonstrated increased knowledge of pulses per Canada’s Food Guide recommendations versus the TLC group post-intervention (p < 0.05). In both groups, increased scores were evident in the domain of attitude about pulses (p < 0.01). The top-ranked barrier to pulse consumption in no-/low-consumers was lack of knowledge about cooking pulses pre- and post-intervention. We attributed increased knowledge about pulse consumption in the pulse group to greater awareness through education and consuming pulse foods during the intervention. Our observations highlight the importance of multi-dimensional behavioural counselling and education to integrate healthy dietary practices for improving reproductive and sexual health in this under-studied high-risk population (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01288638).
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Luo X, Cai WY, Ma HL, Cong J, Chang H, Gao JS, Shen WJ, Wang Y, Yang XM, Wu XK. Associations of Serum Magnesium With Insulin Resistance and Testosterone in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:683040. [PMID: 34248844 PMCID: PMC8261149 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.683040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article aimed to investigate whether serum magnesium is associated with insulin resistance index and testosterone level in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Overall 1000 women with PCOS were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial and a cross-sectional analysis of the association of serum magnesium with glucose metabolism markers and testosterone was performed. Serum magnesium, glucose metabolism markers and testosterone were measured. Insulin resistance was evaluated by homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI). Multivariable linear regression and logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between serum magnesium, insulin resistance and testosterone. RESULTS In comparative analyses, women with higher quartile of serum magnesium had significantly lower fasting glucose, HOMA-IR and testosterone. Multiple linear regression showed serum magnesium was independently negatively associated with insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR, testosterone and positively associated with QUICKI (P for trend <0.05) after adjusting confounding covariates. Logistic regression showed serum magnesium in quartile 1 and 2 were independently associated with insulin resistance status (Quartile 1: OR: 2.15, 95%CI: 1.35-3.40, P = 0.001; Quartile 2: OR: 1.90, 95%CI: 1.20-3.02, P = 0.006), while quartile 1 was marginally associated with hyperandrogenemia status (Quartile 1: OR: 1.45, 95%CI: 0.99-2.11, P = 0.055) after adjusting confounding covariates. CONCLUSION The current findings suggest that lower serum magnesium was associated with aggravated insulin resistance and higher testosterone levels among women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wang-Yu Cai
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Hong-Li Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Cong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jing-Shu Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wen-Juan Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xin-Ming Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Xin-Ming Yang, ; Xiao-Ke Wu,
| | - Xiao-Ke Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Province Hospital, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Xin-Ming Yang, ; Xiao-Ke Wu,
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Wang X, Xu T, Liu R, Wu G, Gu L, Zhang Y, Zhang F, Fu H, Ling Y, Wei X, Luo Y, Shen J, Zhao L, Peng Y, Zhang C, Ding X. High-Fiber Diet or Combined With Acarbose Alleviates Heterogeneous Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by Regulating Gut Microbiota. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:806331. [PMID: 35185786 PMCID: PMC8847200 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.806331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gut microbial dysbiosis is associated with high heterogeneity of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS); however, studies about gut microbiota targeted clinical intervention in PCOS are limited. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of high-fiber diet or combined with acarbose on the clinical phenotypes of PCOS, focusing on the possible influence of gut microbiota in this process. METHODS Twenty-five patients with PCOS were recruited and randomly divided into two groups, W group (n = 14) received the WTP diet (a high-fiber diet composed of whole grains, traditional Chinese medicinal foods, and prebiotics), and A group (n = 11) received the WTP diet combined with acarbose. The follow-up time was 12 weeks. The sex hormonal and glycolipid metabolic parameters, inflammatory factors, brain-gut peptides, and alteration of gut microbiota were evaluated. RESULTS The PCOS clinical phenotypes, inflammatory state, and brain-gut peptides secretion were all alleviated in both groups, while the hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and brain-gut peptides secretion were better improved in the A group. Alpha and beta diversities were altered more significantly in the A group. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were clustered into 14 co-abundant groups (CAGs) as potential functional groups that may respond to the intervention. The CAGs predominantly comprised of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were more enriched, while the CAGs predominantly comprised of Bacteroides vulgatus, Alistipes, Blautia, Lachnospira, and Roseburia were more inhibited in the A group than in W group. Moreover, the CAGs enriched in the A group had a stronger negative correlation with the luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio, testosterone, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), α-1-acid glycoprotein (α-AGP), and leptin, and positive correlation with adiponectin and spexin, while the CAGs inhibited showed an opposite trend. CONCLUSIONS High-fiber diet could alleviate the chronic metabolic inflammation, reproductive function, and brain-gut peptides secretion of patients with PCOS, and high-fiber diet combined with acarbose could better improve the PCOS clinical phenotypes. The remodeling of gut microbiota by our intervention may play an important role in these improvements. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=4500, ChiCTR-TRC-14005075.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guojun Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Liping Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaqing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunxia Ling
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunchen Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Shanghai Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Yongde Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Extract of pre-germinated brown rice protects against cardiovascular dysfunction by reducing levels of inflammation and free radicals in a rat model of type II diabetes. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Yang N, He L, Li Y, Xu L, Ping F, Li W, Zhang H. Reduced Insulin Resistance Partly Mediated the Association of High Dietary Magnesium Intake with Less Metabolic Syndrome in a Large Chinese Population. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:2541-2550. [PMID: 32765033 PMCID: PMC7373413 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s257884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE High dietary magnesium intake may reduce insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of the cross-sectional analysis was to evaluate the association between dietary magnesium intake, IR, and MetS using data from China Health and Nutrition Survey. METHODS Dietary magnesium intake was defined as daily dietary magnesium intake divided by body weight. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) for IR and the prevalence of MetS across the quartile categories of dietary magnesium intake. In addition, we used the macro PROCESS to perform the mediation analyses. RESULTS A total of 8120 participants were included in the final analysis. We found a significant negative association between dietary magnesium intake and IR, the multivariable-adjusted OR for HOMA-IR comparing the highest to the lowest quartile of dietary magnesium intake was 0.435 (95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.376 to 0.502). The prevalence of the MetS was 38.6%, 28.9%, 22.5%, and 16.5% for increasing quartiles of dietary magnesium intake (p <0.001). The mediation model analysis displayed that insulin resistance mediated the effect of dietary magnesium on MetS. The direct effect and indirect effect of dietary magnesium on MetS were found significant, and the calculated percentage of mediation by insulin resistance was 19.6%. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated a significant and independent negative relationship among weight-adjusted dietary magnesium intake, HOMA-IR, and MetS in a large Chinese population. IR partly mediated the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyun He
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxiu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingling Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Ping
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huabing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Huabing Zhang Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Tel/Fax +-86-010-69155073 Email
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Melekoglu E, Goksuluk D, Akal Yildiz E. Association between Dietary Glycaemic Index and Glycaemic Load and Adiposity Indices in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 39:537-546. [PMID: 31887072 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1705200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Obesity is a key contributor to metabolic and reproductive outcomes in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The role of the dietary glycemic index (GI) and load (GL), and adiposity has been debated and studies on PCOS are scarce. We aimed to compare the dietary GI and GL and several anthropometric measurements in PCOS and control women. The association between dietary GI and GL and adiposity indices was examined in this cross-sectional study.Methods and materials: A study population consisted of 65 previously diagnosed with PCOS and 65 healthy women. All participants underwent detailed anthropometric, dietary and physical activity evaluation and categorized based on GI and GL tertiles.Results: When dietary GL was adjusted for age, physical activity level (PAL), and duration of diagnosis, there was a statistically significant inverse association between dietary GL and waist/hip ratio (WHR) (OR: 0.136; 95% CI: 0.021-0.874; p = 0.036) in women with PCOS. Both dietary GI (OR: 8.869; 95% CI: 1.194-65.910; p = 0.033 for tertile 2 in adjustment model) and GL (OR: 7.200; 95% CI: 1.635-31.712; p = 0.009 for tertile 3 in crude model; OR: 5.801; 95% CI: 1.242-27.096; p = 0.025 for tertile 3 in adjustment model) positively associated with WHR in healthy subjects. Also, positive association was observed between dietary GI and waist/height ratio (WHtR) (OR: 0.229; 95% CI: 0.063-0.826; p = 0.024 for tertile 2; OR: 0.277; 95% CI: 0.078-0.988; p = 0.048 for tertile 3) in healthy controls, however after adjustment for age and PAL, statistical significance was lost (OR: 1.051; 95% CI: 0.152-7.261; p = 0.959 for tertile 2; OR: 1.522; 95% CI: 0.225-10.297; p = 0.667 for tertile 3).Conclusion: The results of this study consistent with the literature that PCOS is associated with increased adiposity indices. There was no association between dietary GI/GL and BMI, WC, WHtR, and ABSI but dietary GL was inversely associated WHR in PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Melekoglu
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dincer Goksuluk
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine Akal Yildiz
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Turkey
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Lin AW, Kazemi M, Jarrett BY, Vanden Brink H, Hoeger KM, Spandorfer SD, Lujan ME. Dietary and Physical Activity Behaviors in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome per the New International Evidence-Based Guideline. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112711. [PMID: 31717369 PMCID: PMC6893689 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle modifications are recommended as first-line therapy in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, usual dietary and physical activity (PA) behaviors of women with PCOS remain uncertain, likely owing to controversy in diagnostic criteria. Our objective was to contrast the usual dietary and PA behaviors of women with PCOS (n = 80) diagnosed by the 2018 International Evidence-based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of PCOS to that of controls (n = 44). Study outcomes were dietary intake, diet quality (Healthy Eating Index-2015), and PA (questionnaire, waist-worn accelerometers). Women with PCOS met the acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges for carbohydrate, fat, and protein, but did not meet the recommended dietary reference intakes for vitamin D (mean (95% confidence interval); 6 (5–7) μg/d), vitamin B9 (275 (252–298) μg/d), total fiber (24 (22–26) g/d), or sodium (4.0 (3.6–4.4) g/d). Women with PCOS also met the US recommendations for PA. No differences were detected in dietary intake, diet quality, or PA levels between groups (p ≥ 0.11). In conclusion, women with and without PCOS have comparable dietary and PA behaviors. A lack of unique targets for dietary or PA interventions supports the position of the new guideline to foster healthy lifestyle recommendations for the management of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie W. Lin
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60611, USA
| | - Maryam Kazemi
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Heidi Vanden Brink
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Hoeger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Steven D. Spandorfer
- Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marla E. Lujan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-607-255-3153; Fax: +1-607-255-1033
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