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Lawrence KJ, Scholze M, Seixo J, Daley F, Al-Haddad E, Craenen K, Gillham C, Rake C, Peto J, Anderson R. M-FISH evaluation of chromosome aberrations to examine for historical exposure to ionising radiation due to participation at British nuclear test sites. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2024; 44:011501. [PMID: 38193305 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ad1743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Veterans of the British nuclear testing programme represent a population of ex-military personnel who had the potential to be exposed to ionising radiation through their participation at nuclear testing sites in the 1950s and 1960s. In the intervening years, members of this population have raised concerns about the status of their health and that of their descendants, as a consequence. Radiation dose estimates based on film badge measurements of external dose recorded at the time of the tests suggest any exposure to be limited for the majority of personnel, however, only ∼20% of personnel were monitored and no measurement for internalised exposure are on record. Here, to in-part address families concerns, we assay for chromosomal evidence of historical radiation exposure in a group of aged nuclear test (NT) veterans, using multiplexin situhybridisation (M-FISH), for comparison with a matched group of veterans who were not present at NT sites. In total, we analysed 9379 and 7698 metaphase cells using M-FISH (24-colour karyotyping) from 48 NT and 38 control veteran samples, representing veteran servicemen from the army, Royal Airforce and Royal Navy. We observed stable and unstable simple- and complex-type chromosome aberrations in both NT and control veterans' samples, however find no significant difference in yield of any chromosome aberration type between the two cohorts. We do observe higher average frequencies of complex chromosome aberrations in a very small subset of veterans previously identified as having a higher potential for radiation exposure, which may be indicative of internalised contamination to long-lived radionuclides from radiation fallout. By utilising recently published whole genome sequence analysis data of a sub-set of the same family groups, we examined for but found no relationship between paternal chromosome aberration burden, germline mutation frequency and self-reported concerns of adverse health in family members, suggesting that the previously reported health issues by participants in this study are unlikely to be associated with historical radiation exposure. We did observe a small number of families, representing both control and NT cohorts, showing a relationship between paternal chromosome aberrations and germline mutation sub-types which should be explored in future studies. In conclusion, we find no cytogenetic evidence of historical radiation exposure in the cohort of nuclear veterans sampled here, offering reassurance that attendance at NTs sites by the veterans sampled here, was not associated with significant levels of exposure to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Josephine Lawrence
- Centre for Health Effects of Radiological and Chemical Agents, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Scholze
- Centre for Health Effects of Radiological and Chemical Agents, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Jose Seixo
- Centre for Health Effects of Radiological and Chemical Agents, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Daley
- Centre for Health Effects of Radiological and Chemical Agents, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Al-Haddad
- Centre for Health Effects of Radiological and Chemical Agents, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Kai Craenen
- Centre for Health Effects of Radiological and Chemical Agents, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Gillham
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Rake
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Rhona Anderson
- Centre for Health Effects of Radiological and Chemical Agents, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
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Srikanth P, Chowdhury AR, Low GKM, Saraswathy R, Fujimori A, Banerjee B, Martinez-Lopez W, Hande MP. Oxidative Damage Induced Telomere Mediated Genomic Instability in Cells from Ataxia Telangiectasia Patients. Genome Integr 2022; 13:2. [PMID: 38021281 PMCID: PMC10557037 DOI: 10.14293/genint.13.1.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Our cellular genome is susceptible to cytotoxic lesions which include single strand breaks and double strand breaks among other lesions. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein was one of the first DNA damage sensor proteins to be discovered as being involved in DNA repair and as well as in telomere maintenance. Telomeres help maintain the stability of our chromosomes by protecting the ends from degradation. Cells from ataxia telangiectasia (AT) patients lack ATM and accumulate chromosomal alterations. AT patients display heightened susceptibility to cancer. In this study, cells from AT patients (called as AT -/- and AT +/- cells) were characterized for genome stability status and it was observed that AT -/- cells show considerable telomere attrition. Furthermore, DNA damage and genomic instability were compared between normal (AT +/+ cells) and AT -/- cells exhibiting increased frequencies of spontaneous DNA damage and genomic instability markers. Both AT -/- and AT +/- cells were sensitive to sodium arsenite (1.5 and 3.0 μg/ml) and ionizing radiation-induced (2 Gy, gamma rays) oxidative stress. Interestingly, telomeric fragments were detected in the comet tails as revealed by comet-fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis, suggestive of telomeric instability in AT -/- cells upon exposure to sodium arsenite or radiation. Besides, there was an increase in the number of chromosome alterations in AT -/- cells following arsenite treatment or irradiation. In addition, complex chromosome aberrations were detected by multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization in AT -/- cells in comparison to AT +/- and normal cells. Telomere attrition and chromosome alterations were detected even at lower doses of sodium arsenite. Peptide nucleic acid - FISH analysis revealed defective chromosome segregation in cells lacking ATM proteins. The data obtained in this study substantiates the role of ATM in telomere stability under oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prarthana Srikanth
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Amit Roy Chowdhury
- inDNA Center for Research and Innovation in Molecular Diagnostics, inDNA Life Sciences Private Limited, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Grace Kah Mun Low
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Radha Saraswathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Akira Fujimori
- Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology Group, Department of Charged Particle Therapy Research Institute for Quantum Medical Science Chiba, Japan
| | - Birendranath Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- inDNA Center for Research and Innovation in Molecular Diagnostics, inDNA Life Sciences Private Limited, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Wilner Martinez-Lopez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
- Genetics Department and Biodosimetry Services, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Associate Unit on Genomic Stability, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M. Prakash Hande
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
- Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalore, India
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Nikitina V, Nugis V, Astrelina T, Zheglo D, Kobzeva I, Kozlova M, Galstyan I, Lomonosova E, Zhanataev A, Karaseva T, Samoylov AS. Pattern of chromosomal aberrations persisting over 30 years in a Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident survivor: study using mFISH. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2022; 63:202-212. [PMID: 35146520 PMCID: PMC8944318 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The long-term in vivo cytogenetic effects of high-dose radiation exposure can be traced in accidentally irradiated persons, and particularly useful for developing strategies of monitoring and therapy of such patients, as well as for elucidating the fundamental aspects of hematopoiesis and radiobiology. Using 24-color fluorescent in situ hybridization (mFISH), we analysed the frequency and the spectrum of chromosomal aberrations (CA) in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) accident victim 30, 31, 32 and 33 years after acute accidental exposure to high-dose gamma radiation of the whole body. Totally, 993 metaphase cells were analyzed (or 219, 272, 258, 244 cells each year), of which 297 were aberrant. Our study demonstrated a constant aberrant cell frequency at 28% in 2016-2018 years, while in 2019, a significant increase up to 35% occurred due to contribution of significantly elevated frequency of simple aberrations in the absence of evident recent genotoxic factors. Four clonal aberrations were detected, three of which persisted for more than one year at a frequency up to 2.5% of analyzed cells. The distribution of 731 breakpoints per individual chromosomes was nearly proportional to their physical length, excepting Chromosomes 13 and 20, which were significantly breakpoint-deficient compared to the genome median rate. Monitoring of the long-term effects on chromosomal instability caused by radiation exposure is important for understanding and predicting the long-term effects of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoriya Nikitina
- State Research Center Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biology Agency of Russia, 123128 Zhivopisnaya str., 46, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Nugis
- State Research Center Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biology Agency of Russia, 123128 Zhivopisnaya str., 46, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiyana Astrelina
- State Research Center Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biology Agency of Russia, 123128 Zhivopisnaya str., 46, Moscow, Russia
| | - Diana Zheglo
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Centre for Medical Genetics", 115522, Moskvorechye str., 1, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Kobzeva
- State Research Center Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biology Agency of Russia, 123128 Zhivopisnaya str., 46, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mariya Kozlova
- State Research Center Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biology Agency of Russia, 123128 Zhivopisnaya str., 46, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Galstyan
- State Research Center Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biology Agency of Russia, 123128 Zhivopisnaya str., 46, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Lomonosova
- State Research Center Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biology Agency of Russia, 123128 Zhivopisnaya str., 46, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aliy Zhanataev
- Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology, 125315 Baltyiskaya str., 8, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiyana Karaseva
- State Research Center Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biology Agency of Russia, 123128 Zhivopisnaya str., 46, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Samoylov
- State Research Center Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biology Agency of Russia, 123128 Zhivopisnaya str., 46, Moscow, Russia
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Kim YJ, Lee JW, Cho YH, Choi YJ, Lee Y, Chung HW. Chromosome Damage in Relation to Recent Radiation Exposure and Radiation Quality in Nuclear Power Plant Workers. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10020094. [PMID: 35202280 PMCID: PMC8878316 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is a well-known carcinogen that causes genomic instability. However, the biological and carcinogenetic effects of occupational radiation exposure at low doses have not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to assess chromosomal instability in power plant workers exposed to occupational radiation at low doses in South Korea. Chromosomal aberrations in the lymphocytes of 201 nuclear power plant workers and 59 sex-matched controls were measured. Chromosomal aberrations in the lymphocytes of 201 nuclear power plant workers (mean age: 41.4 ± 10.0 years) and 59 sex-matched controls (mean age: 47.2 ± 6.0 years) were measured. A total of 500 metaphases for each subject were scored randomly. The means of recent 1.5-year, recent 5.5-year, and cumulative exposed radiation doses among workers were 8.22 ± 7.0 mSv, 30.7 ± 22.0 mSv, and 158.8 ± 86.1 mSv, respectively. The frequency of chromosome-type and chromatid-type aberrations was significantly higher in workers than that in the control group (p < 0.001), and the frequency of chromosome-type aberrations among workers increased in a radiation dose-dependent manner (τ = 0.16, p = 0.005). Poisson regression analyses revealed that chromosome-type aberrations were significantly associated with recent 1.5-year dose after adjusting for confounding variables such as age, smoking, and alcohol intake, even when only the exposed worker was considered. Frequency of multi-aberrant cells (two or more chromosome aberrations within a cell) increased according to cumulative neutron exposure. Our study demonstrates that chromosome damage can be induced in nuclear power plant workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation at low doses below the occupational permissible dose limit. Furthermore, an increase in multi-aberrant cells may provide evidence for chronic neutron exposure in nuclear power plant workers. This study was performed to obtain baseline data for a surveillance program of workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jee Kim
- Da Vinci College of General Education, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-820-5950
| | - Joong Won Lee
- Department of Research and Planning, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungju 28159, Korea;
| | - Yoon Hee Cho
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA;
| | - Young Joo Choi
- School of Public Health Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.J.C.); (Y.L.); (H.W.C.)
| | - Younghyun Lee
- School of Public Health Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.J.C.); (Y.L.); (H.W.C.)
| | - Hai Won Chung
- School of Public Health Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.J.C.); (Y.L.); (H.W.C.)
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5
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Balajee AS, Livingston GK, Escalona MB, Ryan TL, Goans RE, Iddins CJ. Cytogenetic follow-up studies on humans with internal and external exposure to ionizing radiation. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2021; 41:S578-S601. [PMID: 34233319 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac125a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cells exposed to ionizing radiation have a wide spectrum of DNA lesions that include DNA single-strand breaks, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), oxidative base damage and DNA-protein crosslinks. Among them, DSB is the most critical lesion, which when mis-repaired leads to unstable and stable chromosome aberrations. Currently, chromosome aberration analysis is the preferred method for biological monitoring of radiation-exposed humans. Stable chromosome aberrations, such as inversions and balanced translocations, persist in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of radiation-exposed humans for several years and, therefore, are potentially useful tools to prognosticate the health risks of radiation exposure, particularly in the hematopoietic system. In this review, we summarize the cytogenetic follow-up studies performed by REAC/TS (Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training site, Oak Ridge, USA) on humans exposed to internal and external radiation. In the light of our observations as well as the data existing in the literature, this review attempts to highlight the importance of follow-up studies for predicting the extent of genomic instability and its impact on delayed health risks in radiation-exposed victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adayabalam S Balajee
- Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Laboratory, Radiation Emergency Assistance Centre/Training Site, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | - Gordon K Livingston
- Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Laboratory, Radiation Emergency Assistance Centre/Training Site, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | - Maria B Escalona
- Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Laboratory, Radiation Emergency Assistance Centre/Training Site, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | - Terri L Ryan
- Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Laboratory, Radiation Emergency Assistance Centre/Training Site, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | - Ronald E Goans
- Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Laboratory, Radiation Emergency Assistance Centre/Training Site, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | - Carol J Iddins
- Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Laboratory, Radiation Emergency Assistance Centre/Training Site, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
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Chromosome Aberrations in Lymphocytes of Patients Undergoing Radon Spa Therapy: An Explorative mFISH Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010757. [PMID: 34682498 PMCID: PMC8535331 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present exploratory study, we aim to elucidate the action of radon in vivo and to assess the possible health risks. Chromosome aberrations were analyzed in lymphocytes of two patients (P1, P2) undergoing radon spa therapy in Bad Steben (Germany). Both patients, suffering from painful chronic degenerative disorders of the spine and joints, received nine baths (1.2 kBq/L at 34 °C) over a 3-week period. Chromosome aberrations were analyzed before and 6, 12 and 30 weeks after the start of therapy using the high-resolution multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) technique. For comparison, the lymphocytes from two healthy donors (HD1, HD2) were examined. P1 had a higher baseline aberration frequency than P2 and both healthy donors (5.3 ± 1.3 vs. 2.0 ± 0.8, 1.4 ± 0.3 and 1.1 ± 0.1 aberrations/100 analyzed metaphases, respectively). Complex aberrations, biomarkers of densely ionizing radiation, were found in P1, P2 and HD1. Neither the aberration frequency nor the fraction of complex aberrations increased after radon spa treatment, i.e., based on biological dosimetry, no increased health risk was found. It is worth noting that a detailed breakpoint analysis revealed potentially clonal aberrations in both patients. Altogether, our data show pronounced inter-individual differences with respect to the number and types of aberrations, complicating the risk analysis of low doses such as those received during radon therapy.
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Wang Q, Lee Y, Pujol-Canadell M, Perrier JR, Smilenov L, Harken A, Garty G, Brenner DJ, Ponnaiya B, Turner HC. Cytogenetic Damage of Human Lymphocytes in Humanized Mice Exposed to Neutrons and X Rays 24 h After Exposure. Cytogenet Genome Res 2021; 161:352-361. [PMID: 34488220 PMCID: PMC8455411 DOI: 10.1159/000516529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Detonation of an improvised nuclear device highlights the need to understand the risk of mixed radiation exposure as prompt radiation exposure could produce significant neutron and gamma exposures. Although the neutron component may be a relatively small percentage of the total absorbed dose, the large relative biological effectiveness (RBE) can induce larger biological DNA damage and cell killing. The objective of this study was to use a hematopoietically humanized mouse model to measure chromosomal DNA damage in human lymphocytes 24 h after in vivo exposure to neutrons (0.3 Gy) and X rays (1 Gy). The human dicentric and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assays were performed to measure chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes in vivo from the blood and spleen, respectively. The mBAND assay based on fluorescent in situ hybridization labeling was used to detect neutron-induced chromosome 1 inversions in the blood lymphocytes of the neutron-irradiated mice. Cytogenetics endpoints, dicentrics and micronuclei showed that there was no significant difference in yields between the 2 irradiation types at the doses tested, indicating that neutron-induced chromosomal DNA damage in vivo was more biologically effective (RBE ∼3.3) compared to X rays. The mBAND assay, which is considered a specific biomarker of high-LET neutron exposure, confirmed the presence of clustered DNA damage in the neutron-irradiated mice but not in the X-irradiated mice, 24 h after exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (NY), USA
| | - Younghyun Lee
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (NY), USA
| | - Monica Pujol-Canadell
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (NY), USA
| | - Jay R. Perrier
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (NY), USA
| | - Lubomir Smilenov
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (NY), USA
| | - Andrew Harken
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University, Irvington, (NY), USA
| | - Guy Garty
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University, Irvington, (NY), USA
| | - David J. Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (NY), USA
| | - Brian Ponnaiya
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University, Irvington, (NY), USA
| | - Helen C. Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, (NY), USA
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8
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Chakraborty A, Palo I, Roy S, Koh SW, Hande MP, Banerjee B. A Novel Balanced Chromosomal Translocation in an Azoospermic Male: A Case Report. J Reprod Infertil 2021; 22:133-137. [PMID: 34041010 PMCID: PMC8143005 DOI: 10.18502/jri.v22i2.5802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Balanced translocation and azoospermia as two main reasons for recurrent pregnancy loss are known to be the leading causes of infertility across the world. Balanced translocations in azoospermic males are very rare and extensive studies need to be performed to elucidate the translocation status of the affected individuals. Case Presentaion: The cytogenetic characterization of a 28 year old male and his female partner is reported in this study. The male partner was diagnosed with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) and the couple was unable to conceive. Cytogenetic analysis by karyotyping through Giemsa-trypsin-giemsa banding technique (GTG) showed a novel balanced translocation, 46,XY,t(19;22)(19q13.4;22q11.2), 13ps+ in the male and the female karyotype was found to be 46,XX. Multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) analysis on paternal chromosomal preparations confirmed both the region and origin of balanced translocation. The status of Y chromosome microdeletion (YMD) was analyzed and no notable microdeletion was observed. Furthermore, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was performed for breakpoint regions to explore the possible functional genetic associations. Conclusion: The azoospermic condition of the male patient along with novel balanced chromosomal translocation was responsible for infertility irrespective of its YMD status. Therefore, cytogenetic screening of azoospermic patients should be performed in addition to routine semen analysis to rule out or to confirm presence of any numerical or structural anomaly in the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhik Chakraborty
- Molecular Stress and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Indira Palo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amit Hospital, Odisha, India
| | - Souvick Roy
- Molecular Stress and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Shu Wen Koh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Manoor Prakash Hande
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Birendranath Banerjee
- Molecular Stress and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.,Division of Cytogenetics, inDNA Life Sciences Private Limited, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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9
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Tolstykh EI, Vozilova AV, Degteva MO, Akleyev AV. Concept of T-Cell Genus as a Basis for Analysis of the Results of Cytogenetic Studies after Local Bone Marrow Exposure. BIOL BULL+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359020110151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Saclier N, Chardon P, Malard F, Konecny-Dupré L, Eme D, Bellec A, Breton V, Duret L, Lefebure T, Douady CJ. Bedrock radioactivity influences the rate and spectrum of mutation. eLife 2020; 9:56830. [PMID: 33252037 PMCID: PMC7723406 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
All organisms on Earth are exposed to low doses of natural radioactivity but some habitats are more radioactive than others. Yet, documenting the influence of natural radioactivity on the evolution of biodiversity is challenging. Here, we addressed whether organisms living in naturally more radioactive habitats accumulate more mutations across generations using 14 species of waterlice living in subterranean habitats with contrasted levels of radioactivity. We found that the mitochondrial and nuclear mutation rates across a waterlouse species’ genome increased on average by 60% and 30%, respectively, when radioactivity increased by a factor of three. We also found a positive correlation between the level of radioactivity and the probability of G to T (and complementary C to A) mutations, a hallmark of oxidative stress. We conclude that even low doses of natural bedrock radioactivity influence the mutation rate possibly through the accumulation of oxidative damage, in particular in the mitochondrial genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanaëlle Saclier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5023, ENTPE, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Patrick Chardon
- LPC, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3 UMR6533, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florian Malard
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5023, ENTPE, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lara Konecny-Dupré
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5023, ENTPE, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Villeurbanne, France
| | - David Eme
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5023, ENTPE, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Arnaud Bellec
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5023, ENTPE, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Villeurbanne, France.,Univ Lyon, Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3, CNRS UMR 5600 Environnement Ville Société, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Breton
- LPC, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3 UMR6533, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Duret
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Tristan Lefebure
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5023, ENTPE, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christophe J Douady
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5023, ENTPE, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Villeurbanne, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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11
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Giussani A, Lopez MA, Romm H, Testa A, Ainsbury EA, Degteva M, Della Monaca S, Etherington G, Fattibene P, Güclu I, Jaworska A, Lloyd DC, Malátová I, McComish S, Melo D, Osko J, Rojo A, Roch-Lefevre S, Roy L, Shishkina E, Sotnik N, Tolmachev SY, Wieser A, Woda C, Youngman M. Eurados review of retrospective dosimetry techniques for internal exposures to ionising radiation and their applications. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2020; 59:357-387. [PMID: 32372284 PMCID: PMC7369133 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-020-00845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This work presents an overview of the applications of retrospective dosimetry techniques in case of incorporation of radionuclides. The fact that internal exposures are characterized by a spatially inhomogeneous irradiation of the body, which is potentially prolonged over large periods and variable over time, is particularly problematic for biological and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimetry methods when compared with external exposures. The paper gives initially specific information about internal dosimetry methods, the most common cytogenetic techniques used in biological dosimetry and EPR dosimetry applied to tooth enamel. Based on real-case scenarios, dose estimates obtained from bioassay data as well as with biological and/or EPR dosimetry are compared and critically discussed. In most of the scenarios presented, concomitant external exposures were responsible for the greater portion of the received dose. As no assay is available which can discriminate between radiation of different types and different LETs on the basis of the type of damage induced, it is not possible to infer from these studies specific conclusions valid for incorporated radionuclides alone. The biological dosimetry assays and EPR techniques proved to be most applicable in cases when the radionuclides are almost homogeneously distributed in the body. No compelling evidence was obtained in other cases of extremely inhomogeneous distribution. Retrospective dosimetry needs to be optimized and further developed in order to be able to deal with real exposure cases, where a mixture of both external and internal exposures will be encountered most of the times.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giussani
- BfS-Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany.
| | - M A Lopez
- CIEMAT - Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Av.da Complutense 40, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - H Romm
- BfS-Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - A Testa
- ENEA Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, Santa Maria di Galeria, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - E A Ainsbury
- Public Health England - Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, Oxon, UK
| | - M Degteva
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine (URCRM), Vorovskt str. 68A, Chelyabinsk, 454141, Russia
| | - S Della Monaca
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - G Etherington
- Public Health England - Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, Oxon, UK
| | - P Fattibene
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - I Güclu
- Cekmece Nuclear Research and Training Center Radiobiology Unit Yarımburgaz, Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Jaworska
- DSA-Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Skøyen, P. O. Box 329, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - D C Lloyd
- Public Health England - Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, Oxon, UK
| | - I Malátová
- SURO-National Radiation Protection Institute, Bartoskova 28, 14000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S McComish
- US Transuranium and Uranium Registries, Washington State University, Richland, WA, USA
| | - D Melo
- Melohill Technology, 1 Research Court, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - J Osko
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, A. Soltana 7, 05400, Otwock, Poland
| | - A Rojo
- ARN-Nuclear Regulatory Authority of Argentina, Av. del Libertador 8250, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Roch-Lefevre
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, Pôle Santé et Environnement, Direction de la Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - L Roy
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, Pôle Santé et Environnement, Direction de la Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - E Shishkina
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine (URCRM), Vorovskt str. 68A, Chelyabinsk, 454141, Russia
- Chelyabinsk State University (ChelSU), 129, Bratiev Kashirinih Street, Chelyabinsk, 454001, Russia
| | - N Sotnik
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk Region, 456780, Russia
| | - S Y Tolmachev
- US Transuranium and Uranium Registries, Washington State University, Richland, WA, USA
| | - A Wieser
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - C Woda
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M Youngman
- Public Health England - Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, Oxon, UK
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12
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Nilsson R, Tong J. Opinion on reconsideration of lung cancer risk from domestic radon exposure. RADIATION MEDICINE AND PROTECTION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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13
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Tolstykh EI, Degteva MO, Vozilova AV, Akleyev AV. Interpretation of FISH Results in the Case of Nonuniform Internal Radiation Exposure of Human Body with the Use of Model Approach. RUSS J GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795419100132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Chakraborty A, Panda SK, Mohakud NK, Roy D, Padhi S, Koh SW, Hande MP, Banerjee B. A Child with Partial Trisomy 4 (q26 - qterminal) Resulting from Paternally Inherited Translocation (4:18) Associated with Multiple Congenital Anomalies and Death. Genome Integr 2019; 10:1. [PMID: 31160964 PMCID: PMC6540766 DOI: 10.4103/genint.genint_4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parental balanced reciprocal translocations can result in partial aneuploidy in the offspring due to unbalanced meiotic segregation during gametogenesis. Herein, we report the phenotypic and cytogenetic characterization in a 9-day-old male child with partial trisomy of chromosome 4. Karyotyping of the proband and parents was performed along with multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) of paternal chromosomes. Conventional cytogenetic analysis by karyotyping showed 47,XY,der(18),t(4;18)(q26;q22),+4 in proband, and the paternal karyotype was found as 47,XY,der(18),t(4;18)(q26;q22). mFISH analysis on paternal chromosomal preparations confirmed both region and origin of the balanced translocation. In this study, karyotyping helped us to identify both numerical and structural anomalies in the proband, and mFISH helped us to confirm our cytogenetic findings. Therefore, cytogenetic screening of both partners is recommended before pregnancy to rule out or confirm the presence of any numerical or structural anomaly in one, both, or none of the partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhik Chakraborty
- Molecular Stress and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Panda
- Department of Paediatrics, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Nirmal Kumar Mohakud
- Department of Paediatrics, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Debarshi Roy
- Division of Cytogenetics, inDNA Life Sciences Private Limited, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Swatishree Padhi
- Division of Cytogenetics, inDNA Life Sciences Private Limited, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Shu Wen Koh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manoor Prakash Hande
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Birendranath Banerjee
- Molecular Stress and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.,Division of Cytogenetics, inDNA Life Sciences Private Limited, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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15
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Anderson R. Cytogenetic Biomarkers of Radiation Exposure. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2019; 31:311-318. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N. Cornforth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Bradford D. Loucas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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17
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Grégoire E, Roy L, Buard V, Delbos M, Durand V, Martin-Bodiot C, Voisin P, Sorokine-Durm I, Vaurijoux A, Voisin P, Baldeyron C, Barquinero JF. Twenty years of FISH-based translocation analysis for retrospective ionizing radiation biodosimetry. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:248-258. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1427903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Grégoire
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Accidentelles, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Laurence Roy
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Accidentelles, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Valérie Buard
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Accidentelles, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Martine Delbos
- Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Durand
- Bureau des Etudes Biomédicales chez l’Animal, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Cécile Martin-Bodiot
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Accidentelles, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Pascale Voisin
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Accidentelles, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Irène Sorokine-Durm
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Accidentelles, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Aurélie Vaurijoux
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Accidentelles, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Voisin
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Accidentelles, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Céline Baldeyron
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Accidentelles, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
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18
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Livingston GK, Escalona M, Foster A, Balajee AS. Persistent in vivo cytogenetic effects of radioiodine therapy: a 21-year follow-up study using multicolor FISH. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2018; 59:10-17. [PMID: 29036595 PMCID: PMC5778502 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrx049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated the cytogenetic effects in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of a 34-year-old male patient who received ablative radioactive 131iodine therapy (RIT) on two different occasions in 1992 and 1994. Assessment of RIT-induced chromosomal damage by the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay (CBMN) showed the persistence of elevated micronucleus frequency in this patient for more than two decades since the first RIT. Subsequent cytogenetic analysis performed in 2012 revealed both stable and unstable aberrations, whose frequencies were higher than the baseline reported in the literature. Here, we report the findings of our recent cytogenetic analysis peformed in 2015 on this patient using the multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) technique. Our results showed that both reciprocal and non-reciprocal translocations persisted at higher frequencies in the patient than those reported in 2012. Persistence of structural aberrations for more than two decades indicate that these aberrations might have originated from long-lived T-lymphocytes or hematopoietic stem cells. Our study suggests that the long-term persistence of chromosome translocations in circulating lymphocytes can be useful for monitoring the extent of RIT-induced chromosomal instability several years after exposure and for estimating the cumulative absorbed dose after multiple RITs for retrospective biodosimetry purposes. This is perhaps the first and longest follow-up study documenting the persistence of cytogenetic damage for 21 years after internal radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon K Livingston
- Radiation Emergency Assistance Center and Training Site, Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Laboratory, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Maria Escalona
- Radiation Emergency Assistance Center and Training Site, Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Laboratory, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Alvis Foster
- Indiana University Health, Ball Memorial Hospital, 2401 West University Avenue, Muncie, IN 47303, USA
| | - Adayabalam S Balajee
- Radiation Emergency Assistance Center and Training Site, Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Laboratory, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
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19
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3D Genome Organization Influences the Chromosome Translocation Pattern. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1044:113-133. [PMID: 29956294 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0593-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent imaging, molecular, and computational modeling studies have greatly enhanced our knowledge of how eukaryotic chromosomes are folded in the nuclear space. This work has begun to reveal how 3D genome structure contributes to various DNA-mediated metabolic activities such as replication, transcription, recombination, and repair. Failure of proper DNA repair can lead to the chromosomal translocations observed in human cancers and other diseases. Questions about the role of 3D genome structure in translocation mechanisms have interested scientists for decades. Recent applications of imaging and Chromosome Conformation Capture approaches have clarified the influence of proximal positioning of chromosomal domains and gene loci on the formation of chromosomal translocations. These approaches have revealed the importance of 3D genome structure not only in translocation partner selection, but also in repair efficiency, likelihood of DNA damage, and the biological implications of translocations. This chapter focuses on our current understanding of the role of 3D genome structure in chromosome translocation formation and its potential implications in disease outcome.
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20
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Tolstykh EI, Degteva MO, Vozilova AV, Anspaugh LR. Local bone-marrow exposure: how to interpret the data on stable chromosome aberrations in circulating lymphocytes? (some comments on the use of FISH method for dose reconstruction for Techa riverside Residents). RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2017; 56:389-403. [PMID: 28889186 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-017-0712-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The method of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) applied to peripheral blood T lymphocytes is used for retrospective dose estimation, and the results obtained from the analysis of stable chromosomal aberrations are usually interpreted as a dose accumulated in the red bone marrow (RBM). However, after local internal exposure of the RBM, doses derived from FISH were found to be lower than those derived from direct measurements of radionuclides accumulated in the bodies of exposed persons. These results were obtained for people residing near the Techa River contaminated by 89,90Sr (beta-emitters) in 1949-1956 (Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia). A new analysis has been performed of the combined results of FISH studies (n = 178) undertaken during 1994-2012 for persons living on the Techa Riverside. Analysis confirms the lower slope of the translocation yield per Gy (8.0 ± 0.7 × 10-3) for Techa residents in comparison with FISH data for donors with external exposures (11.6 ± 1.6 × 10-3, Tawn et al., Radiat Res 184(3):296-303, 2015). It was suggested that some portion of T cells remained unexposed, because they represented the descendants of T cell progenitors, which had migrated to the thymus before the start of 89,90Sr intakes. To clarify this problem, the dynamics of T-cell Genera (TG), combining all descendants of specific T-cell progenitor reaching the thymus, was considered. Rates of TGs produced by RBM over different age periods of human life were estimated with the use of the mathematic model of T-cell homeostasis (Bains, Mathematical modeling of T-cell homeostasis. A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University College London. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/20159/1/20159.pdf , 2010). The rate of TG loss during the lifetime was assumed to be very small in comparison with production rate. The recirculation of mature T lymphocytes in contaminated RBM was taken into account. According to our model estimates, at the time of blood sampling, the fraction of exposed T lymphocytes (whose progenitors were irradiated) ranged from 20 to 80% depending on the donors' age at the start of exposure to 89,90Sr. Dose to T lymphocytes, estimated from FISH studies, should be about 0.6-0.9 of RBM dose for residents of the upper Techa region and about 0.4-0.8 in the middle Techa region. Our results could explain the lower value of translocation yield per Gy obtained for Techa residents. The approaches for further model improvement and validation are discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia I Tolstykh
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, 68-A, Vorovsky Street, Chelyabinsk, 454076, Russia.
| | - Marina O Degteva
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, 68-A, Vorovsky Street, Chelyabinsk, 454076, Russia
| | - Alexandra V Vozilova
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, 68-A, Vorovsky Street, Chelyabinsk, 454076, Russia
| | - Lynn R Anspaugh
- Emeritus, Radiobiology Division, Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
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21
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Pathak R, Koturbash I, Hauer-Jensen M. Detection of Inter-chromosomal Stable Aberrations by Multiple Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (mFISH) and Spectral Karyotyping (SKY) in Irradiated Mice. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28117817 DOI: 10.3791/55162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) induces numerous stable and unstable chromosomal aberrations. Unstable aberrations, where chromosome morphology is substantially compromised, can easily be identified by conventional chromosome staining techniques. However, detection of stable aberrations, which involve exchange or translocation of genetic materials without considerable modification in the chromosome morphology, requires sophisticated chromosome painting techniques that rely on in situ hybridization of fluorescently labeled DNA probes, a chromosome painting technique popularly known as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). FISH probes can be specific for whole chromosome/s or precise sub-region on chromosome/s. The method not only allows visualization of stable aberrations, but it can also allow detection of the chromosome/s or specific DNA sequence/s involved in a particular aberration formation. A variety of chromosome painting techniques are available in cytogenetics; here two highly sensitive methods, multiple fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) and spectral karyotyping (SKY), are discussed to identify inter-chromosomal stable aberrations that form in the bone marrow cells of mice after exposure to total body irradiation. Although both techniques rely on fluorescent labeled DNA probes, the method of detection and the process of image acquisition of the fluorescent signals are different. These two techniques have been used in various research areas, such as radiation biology, cancer cytogenetics, retrospective radiation biodosimetry, clinical cytogenetics, evolutionary cytogenetics, and comparative cytogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupak Pathak
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences;
| | - Igor Koturbash
- Department of Environmental Health, Fay W. Boozman School of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | - Martin Hauer-Jensen
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Surgical Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System
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22
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Hall J, Jeggo PA, West C, Gomolka M, Quintens R, Badie C, Laurent O, Aerts A, Anastasov N, Azimzadeh O, Azizova T, Baatout S, Baselet B, Benotmane MA, Blanchardon E, Guéguen Y, Haghdoost S, Harms-Ringhdahl M, Hess J, Kreuzer M, Laurier D, Macaeva E, Manning G, Pernot E, Ravanat JL, Sabatier L, Tack K, Tapio S, Zitzelsberger H, Cardis E. Ionizing radiation biomarkers in epidemiological studies - An update. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 771:59-84. [PMID: 28342453 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent epidemiology studies highlighted the detrimental health effects of exposure to low dose and low dose rate ionizing radiation (IR): nuclear industry workers studies have shown increased leukaemia and solid tumour risks following cumulative doses of <100mSv and dose rates of <10mGy per year; paediatric patients studies have reported increased leukaemia and brain tumours risks after doses of 30-60mGy from computed tomography scans. Questions arise, however, about the impact of even lower doses and dose rates where classical epidemiological studies have limited power but where subsets within the large cohorts are expected to have an increased risk. Further progress requires integration of biomarkers or bioassays of individual exposure, effects and susceptibility to IR. The European DoReMi (Low Dose Research towards Multidisciplinary Integration) consortium previously reviewed biomarkers for potential use in IR epidemiological studies. Given the increased mechanistic understanding of responses to low dose radiation the current review provides an update covering technical advances and recent studies. A key issue identified is deciding which biomarkers to progress. A roadmap is provided for biomarker development from discovery to implementation and used to summarise the current status of proposed biomarkers for epidemiological studies. Most potential biomarkers remain at the discovery stage and for some there is sufficient evidence that further development is not warranted. One biomarker identified in the final stages of development and as a priority for further research is radiation specific mRNA transcript profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Hall
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69424, France.
| | - Penny A Jeggo
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, United Kingdom
| | - Catharine West
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Christie Hospital, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Gomolka
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Department of Radiation Protection and Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Roel Quintens
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Christophe Badie
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier Laurent
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - An Aerts
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Nataša Anastasov
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Omid Azimzadeh
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tamara Azizova
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Clinical Department, Ozyorsk, Russia
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium; Cell Systems and Imaging Research Group, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Baselet
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium; Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mohammed A Benotmane
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Eric Blanchardon
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Yann Guéguen
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Harms-Ringhdahl
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julia Hess
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Kreuzer
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Department of Radiation Protection and Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dominique Laurier
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Ellina Macaeva
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium; Cell Systems and Imaging Research Group, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Grainne Manning
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Pernot
- INSERM U897, Université de Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Jean-Luc Ravanat
- Laboratoire des Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SCIB, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, INAC-SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Laure Sabatier
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, BP6, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Karine Tack
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Soile Tapio
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Horst Zitzelsberger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Radiation Programme, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) (MTD formerly), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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Scherthan H, Sotnik N, Peper M, Schrock G, Azizova T, Abend M. Telomere Length in Aged Mayak PA Nuclear Workers Chronically Exposed to Internal Alpha and External Gamma Radiation. Radiat Res 2016; 185:658-67. [DOI: 10.1667/rr14271.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Venkatesan S, Natarajan AT, Hande MP. Chromosomal instability--mechanisms and consequences. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 793:176-84. [PMID: 26520388 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability is defined as a state of numerical and/or structural chromosomal anomalies in cells. Numerous studies have documented the incidence of chromosomal instability, which acutely or chronically may lead to accelerated ageing (tissue-wide or even organismal), cancer or other genetic disorders. Potential mechanisms leading to the generation of chromosome-genome instability include erroneous/inefficient DNA repair, chromosome segregation defects, spindle assembly defects, DNA replication stress, telomere shortening/dysfunction - to name a few. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms for chromosomal instability in various human cells and tissues will be useful in elucidating the cause for many age associated diseases including cancer. This approach holds a great promise for the cytogenetic assays not only for prognosis but also for diagnostic purposes in clinical settings. In this review, a multi-dimensional approach has been attempted to portray the complexity behind the incidence of chromosome-genome instability including evolutionary implications at the species level for some of the mechanisms of chromosomal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriram Venkatesan
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597
| | - Adayapalam T Natarajan
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - M Prakash Hande
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597; Tembusu College, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 138597.
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25
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Shahid S, Mahmood N, Chaudhry MN, Sheikh S, Ahmad N. Immune response and gene mutations in protracted low-dose medical radiation exposed personnel. Cytokine 2015. [PMID: 26205262 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saman Shahid
- National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences (NUCES), Foundation for Advancement of Science and Technology (FAST), Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Nasir Mahmood
- Department of Allied Health Sciences and Chemical Pathology & Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences (UHS), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz Chaudhry
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences (CEES), University of the Punjab, Lahore Pakistan
| | - Shaharyar Sheikh
- Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Federal Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nauman Ahmad
- Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Federal Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan
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26
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Curwen GB, Sotnik NV, Cadwell KK, Azizova TV, Hill MA, Tawn EJ. Chromosome aberrations in workers with exposure to α-particle radiation from internal deposits of plutonium: expectations from in vitro studies and comparisons with workers with predominantly external γ-radiation exposure. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2015; 54:195-206. [PMID: 25649482 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-015-0585-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
mFISH analysis of chromosome aberration profiles of 47 and 144 h lymphocyte cultures following exposure to 193 mGy α-particle radiation confirmed that the frequency of stable aberrant cells and stable cells carrying translocations remains constant through repeated cell divisions. Age-specific rates and in vitro dose-response curves were used to derive expected translocation yields in nine workers from the Mayak nuclear facility in Russia. Five had external exposure to γ-radiation, two of whom also had exposure to neutrons, and four had external exposure to γ-radiation and internal exposure to α-particle radiation from incorporated plutonium. Doubts over the appropriateness of the dose response used to estimate translocations from the neutron component made interpretation difficult in two of the workers with external exposure, but the other three had translocation yields broadly in line with expectations. Three of the four plutonium workers had translocation yields in line with expectations, thus supporting the application of the recently derived in vitro α-particle dose response for translocations in stable cells. Overall this report demonstrates that with adequate reference in vitro dose-response curves, translocation yield has the potential to be a useful tool in the validation of red bone marrow doses resulting from mixed exposure to external and internal radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian B Curwen
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research (CIGMR), School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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Abend M, Azizova T, Müller K, Dörr H, Doucha-Senf S, Kreppel H, Rusinova G, Glazkova I, Vyazovskaya N, Unger K, Braselmann H, Meineke V. Association of Radiation-Induced Genes with Noncancer Chronic Diseases in Mayak Workers Occupationally Exposed to Prolonged Radiation. Radiat Res 2015; 183:249-61. [DOI: 10.1667/rr13758.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Tamara Azizova
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), Russian Federation, Ozyorsk 456780, Russia
| | - Kerstin Müller
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Dörr
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Doucha-Senf
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Kreppel
- Bundeswehr Medical Office, Department IX 1, CBRN Med Defence, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Galina Rusinova
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), Russian Federation, Ozyorsk 456780, Russia
| | - Irina Glazkova
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), Russian Federation, Ozyorsk 456780, Russia
| | - Natalia Vyazovskaya
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), Russian Federation, Ozyorsk 456780, Russia
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Integrative Biology Group, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Herbert Braselmann
- Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Integrative Biology Group, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Viktor Meineke
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, 80937 Munich, Germany
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28
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Abend M, Azizova T, Müller K, Dörr H, Senf S, Kreppel H, Rusinova G, Glazkova I, Vyazovskaya N, Unger K, Meineke V. Independent Validation of Candidate Genes Identified after a Whole Genome Screening on Mayak Workers Exposed to Prolonged Occupational Radiation. Radiat Res 2014; 182:299-309. [DOI: 10.1667/rr13645.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Tamara Azizova
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), Russian Federation, Ozyorsk, Russia
| | - Kerstin Müller
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Dörr
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Senf
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Kreppel
- Bundeswehr Medical Office, Department IX 1, CBRN Med Defence, Munich, Germany
| | - Galina Rusinova
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), Russian Federation, Ozyorsk, Russia
| | - Irina Glazkova
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), Russian Federation, Ozyorsk, Russia
| | - Natalia Vyazovskaya
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), Russian Federation, Ozyorsk, Russia
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Integrative Biology Group, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Viktor Meineke
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
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Ainsbury EA, Moquet J, Rothkamm K, Darroudi F, Vozilova A, Degteva M, Azizova TV, Lloyd DC, Harrison J. What radiation dose does the FISH translocation assay measure in cases of incorporated radionuclides for the Southern Urals populations? RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2014; 159:26-33. [PMID: 24736296 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncu118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) technique is now well established for retrospective dosimetry in cases of external radiation exposure that occurred many years ago. However, the question remains as to whether FISH provides valid estimates of cumulative red bone marrow radiation doses in cases of incorporation of radionuclides or combined external and internal exposures. This question has arisen in connection with the interpretation of results of dose assessments for epidemiological studies of plutonium workers at the Russian Mayak plant and of members of the public exposed to strontium radioisotopes and external radiation as a result of discharges from Mayak to the Techa River. Exposures to penetrating external radiation result in fairly uniform irradiation of body tissues, and hence similar doses to all tissues, for which FISH dosimetry can provide a reliable measure of this whole body dose. However, intakes of radionuclides into the body by inhalation or ingestion may result in retention in specific organs and tissues, so that the distribution of dose is highly heterogeneous. For radionuclides emitting short-range radiations (e.g. alpha particles), this heterogeneity can apply to dose delivery within tissues and between cells within tissues. In this paper, an attempt is made to address the question of what FISH measures in such circumstances by considering evidence regarding the origin and lifetime dynamics of lymphocyte subsets in the human body in relation to the localised delivery of dose from the internal emitters (90)Sr and (239)Pu, which are of particular interest for the Southern Urals Mayak and Techa River populations, and for which most evidence is available in these populations. It is concluded that the FISH translocation assay can be usefully applied for detecting internal and combined external gamma and internal doses from internally deposited (90)Sr, albeit with fairly large uncertainties. The same may be true of (239)Pu, as well as other radionuclides, although much work remains to be done to establish dose-response relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jayne Moquet
- Public Health England (PHE) CRCE, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- Public Health England (PHE) CRCE, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Firouz Darroudi
- Department of Toxicogenetics, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Vozilova
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine (URCRM), Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
| | - Marina Degteva
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine (URCRM), Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
| | - Tamara V Azizova
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
| | - David C Lloyd
- Public Health England (PHE) CRCE, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - John Harrison
- Public Health England (PHE) CRCE, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK
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30
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Sotnik NV, Osovets SV, Scherthan H, Azizova TV. mFISH analysis of chromosome aberrations in workers occupationally exposed to mixed radiation. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2014; 53:347-354. [PMID: 24714826 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-014-0536-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We performed a study on the presence of chromosome aberrations in a cohort of plutonium workers of the Mayak production association (PA) with a mean age of 73.3 ± 7.2 years to see whether by multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) translocation analysis can discriminate individuals who underwent occupational exposure with internal and/or external exposure to ionizing radiation 40 years ago. All Mayak PA workers were occupationally exposed to chronic internal alpha-radiation due to incorporated plutonium-239 and/or to external gamma-rays. First, we obtained the translocation yield in control individuals by mFISH to chromosome spreads of age-matched individuals and obtained background values that are similar to previously published values of an international study (Sigurdson et al. in Mutat Res 652:112-121, 2008). Workers who had absorbed a total dose of >0.5 Gy external gamma-rays to the red bone marrow (RBM) displayed a significantly higher frequency of stable chromosome aberrations relative to a group of workers exposed to <0.5 Gy gamma-rays total absorbed RBM dose. Thus, the translocation frequency may be considered to be a biological marker of external radiation exposure even years after the exposure. In a group of workers who were internally exposed and had incorporated plutonium-239 at a body burden >1.48 kBq, mFISH revealed a considerable number of cells with complex chromosomal rearrangements. Linear associations were observed for translocation yield with the absorbed RBM dose from external gamma-rays as well as for complex chromosomal rearrangements with the plutonium-239 body burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Sotnik
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), 19 Ozyorskoe Shosse, Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk Region, 456780, Russia,
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31
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Foster HA, Estrada-Girona G, Themis M, Garimberti E, Hill MA, Bridger JM, Anderson RM. Relative proximity of chromosome territories influences chromosome exchange partners in radiation-induced chromosome rearrangements in primary human bronchial epithelial cells. Mutat Res 2013; 756:66-77. [PMID: 23791770 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that chromosomes exist in discrete territories (CTs) in interphase and are positioned in a cell-type specific probabilistic manner. The relative localisation of individual CTs within cell nuclei remains poorly understood, yet many cancers are associated with specific chromosome rearrangements and there is good evidence that relative territorial position influences their frequency of exchange. To examine this further, we characterised the complexity of radiation-induced chromosome exchanges in normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells by M-FISH analysis of PCC spreads and correlated the exchanges induced with their preferred interphase position, as determined by 1/2-colour 2D-FISH analysis, at the time of irradiation. We found that the frequency and complexity of aberrations induced were reduced in ellipsoid NHBE cells in comparison to previous observations in spherical cells, consistent with aberration complexity being dependent upon the number and proximity of damaged CTs, i.e. lesion proximity. To ask if particular chromosome neighbourhoods could be identified we analysed all radiation-induced pair-wise exchanges using SCHIP (statistics for chromosome interphase positioning) and found that exchanges between chromosomes (1;13), (9;17), (9;18), (12;18) and (16;21) all occurred more often than expected assuming randomness. All of these pairs were also found to be either sharing similar preferred positions in interphase and/or sharing neighbouring territory boundaries. We also analysed a human small cell lung cancer cell line, DMS53, by M-FISH observing the genome to be highly rearranged, yet possessing rearrangements also involving chromosomes (1;13) and (9;17). Our findings show evidence for the occurrence of non-random exchanges that may reflect the territorial organisation of chromosomes in interphase at time of damage and highlight the importance of cellular geometry for the induction of aberrations of varying complexity after exposure to both low and high-LET radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen A Foster
- Centre for Cell and Chromosome Biology, Division of Biosciences, Brunel University, West London UB8 3PH, UK; Centre for Infection, Immunity and Disease Mechanisms, Division of Biosciences, Brunel University, West London UB8 3PH, UK
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Pernot E, Hall J, Baatout S, Benotmane MA, Blanchardon E, Bouffler S, El Saghire H, Gomolka M, Guertler A, Harms-Ringdahl M, Jeggo P, Kreuzer M, Laurier D, Lindholm C, Mkacher R, Quintens R, Rothkamm K, Sabatier L, Tapio S, de Vathaire F, Cardis E. Ionizing radiation biomarkers for potential use in epidemiological studies. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2012; 751:258-286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ma X, Zhang H, Wang Z, Min X, Liu Y, Wu Z, Sun C, Hu B. Chromosomal aberrations in the bone marrow cells of mice induced by accelerated (12)C(6+) ions. Mutat Res 2011; 716:20-26. [PMID: 21843535 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The whole bodies of 6-week-old male Kun-Ming mice were exposed to different doses of (12)C(6+) ions or X-rays. Chromosomal aberrations of the bone marrow (gaps, terminal deletions and breaks, fragments, inter-chromosomal fusions and sister-chromatid union) were scored in metaphase 9h after exposure, corresponding to cells exposed in the G(2)-phase of the first mitosis cycle. Dose-response relationships for the frequency of chromosomal aberrations were plotted both by linear and linear-quadratic equations. The data showed that there was a dose-related increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in all treated groups compared to controls. Linear-quadratic equations were a good fit for both radiation types. The compound theory of dual radiation action was applied to decipher the bigger curvature (D(2)) of the dose-response curves of X-rays compared to those of (12)C(6+) ions. Different distributions of the five types of aberrations and different degrees of homogeneity were found between (12)C(6+) ion and X-ray irradiation and the possible underlying mechanism for these phenomena were analyzed according to the differences in the spatial energy deposition of both types of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Ma
- Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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Hada M, Wu H, Cucinotta FA. mBAND analysis for high- and low-LET radiation-induced chromosome aberrations: a review. Mutat Res 2011; 711:187-192. [PMID: 21232544 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2010.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
During long-term space travel or cancer therapy, humans are exposed to high linear energy transfer (LET) energetic heavy ions. High-LET radiation is much more effective than low-LET radiation in causing various biological effects, including cell inactivation, genetic mutations, cataracts and cancer induction. Most of these biological endpoints are closely related to chromosomal damage, and cytogenetic damage can be utilized as a biomarker for radiation insults. Epidemiological data, mainly from survivors of the atomic bomb detonations in Japan, have enabled risk estimation from low-LET radiation exposures. The identification of a cytogenetic signature that distinguishes high- from low-LET exposure remains a long-term goal in radiobiology. Recently developed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-painting methodologies have revealed unique endpoints related to radiation quality. Heavy-ions induce a high fraction of complex-type exchanges, and possibly unique chromosome rearrangements. This review will concentrate on recent data obtained with multicolor banding in situ hybridization (mBAND) methods in mammalian cells exposed to low- and high-LET radiations. Chromosome analysis with mBAND technique allows detection of both inter- and intrachromosomal exchanges, and also distribution of the breakpoints of aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Hada
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
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35
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Inactivation of chk2 and mus81 leads to impaired lymphocytes development, reduced genomic instability, and suppression of cancer. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1001385. [PMID: 21625617 PMCID: PMC3098187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chk2 is an effector kinase important for the activation of cell cycle checkpoints, p53, and apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Mus81 is required for the restart of stalled replication forks and for genomic integrity. Mus81Δex3-4/Δex3-4 mice have increased cancer susceptibility that is exacerbated by p53 inactivation. In this study, we demonstrate that Chk2 inactivation impairs the development of Mus81Δex3-4/Δex3-4 lymphoid cells in a cell-autonomous manner. Importantly, in contrast to its predicted tumor suppressor function, loss of Chk2 promotes mitotic catastrophe and cell death, and it results in suppressed oncogenic transformation and tumor development in Mus81Δex3-4/Δex3-4 background. Thus, our data indicate that an important role for Chk2 is maintaining lymphocyte development and that dual inactivation of Chk2 and Mus81 remarkably inhibits cancer. Failure to repair DNA damage has been associated with a number of human syndromes, neurodegenerative diseases, immunodeficiency, and cancer. In addition, radiotherapy and many cancer chemotherapeutic drugs induce DNA damage, thus allowing the killing of tumors. Recent data indicated Mus81's role in maintaining genomic integrity and suppressing cancer. Furthermore, inactivation of p53, the most frequently inactivated tumor suppressor in cancer, leads to synergistic tumorigenesis in Mus81 mutant mice. As Chk2 is important for p53 activation, we have examined the effect of its inactivation on the phenotypes associated with Mus81 loss of function. We report that Chk2 is essential for the development of lymphoid cells deficient for Mus81. Chk2 inactivation increased spontaneous cell death of Mus81 deficient cells and impaired the development of T and B-cell lineages. Chk2 inactivation also reduced the frequency of Mus81-deficient cells that carry elevated levels of spontaneous genomic instability. Importantly, inactivation of Chk2 protected Mus81 mutant mice from developing spontaneous tumorigenesis. These data indicate potential therapeutic benefits for the inactivation of Chk2 and Mus81.
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Genomic instability, defective spermatogenesis, immunodeficiency, and cancer in a mouse model of the RIDDLE syndrome. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1001381. [PMID: 21552324 PMCID: PMC3084200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells have evolved to use complex pathways for DNA damage signaling and repair to maintain genomic integrity. RNF168 is a novel E3 ligase that functions downstream of ATM,γ-H2A.X, MDC1, and RNF8. It has been shown to ubiquitylate histone H2A and to facilitate the recruitment of other DNA damage response proteins, including 53BP1, to sites of DNA break. In addition, RNF168 mutations have been causally linked to the human RIDDLE syndrome. In this study, we report that Rnf168−/− mice are immunodeficient and exhibit increased radiosensitivity. Rnf168−/− males suffer from impaired spermatogenesis in an age-dependent manner. Interestingly, in contrast to H2a.x−/−, Mdc1−/−, and Rnf8−/− cells, transient recruitment of 53bp1 to DNA double-strand breaks was abolished in Rnf168−/− cells. Remarkably, similar to 53bp1 inactivation, but different from H2a.x deficiency, inactivation of Rnf168 impairs long-range V(D)J recombination in thymocytes and results in long insertions at the class-switch junctions of B-cells. Loss of Rnf168 increases genomic instability and synergizes with p53 inactivation in promoting tumorigenesis. Our data reveal the important physiological functions of Rnf168 and support its role in both γ-H2a.x-Mdc1-Rnf8-dependent and -independent signaling pathways of DNA double-strand breaks. These results highlight a central role for RNF168 in the hierarchical network of DNA break signaling that maintains genomic integrity and suppresses cancer development in mammals. The repair of DNA damage is fundamental as illustrated by the many human syndromes, immunodeficiencies, and cancers associated with defects in DNA damage signaling and repair. RIDDLE syndrome, caused by mutations of the human RNF168, is a novel hereditary disease clinically characterized by radiosensitivity, immunodeficiency, dysmorphic features, and learning difficulties. RNF168 is an E3 ligase that modifies histones and chromatin structure at sites of DNA breaks. In this study, we show that Rnf168 deficiency in mice leads to increased radiosensitivity, immunodeficiency, and defective spermatogenesis. Additionally, dual inactivation of Rnf168 and p53 leads to increased cancer risk. Collectively these data demonstrate important and broad physiological functions for Rnf168.
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Pinto MMPDL, Santos NFG, Amaral A. Current status of biodosimetry based on standard cytogenetic methods. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2010; 49:567-81. [PMID: 20617329 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-010-0311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about dose levels in radiation protection is an important step for risk assessment. However, in most cases of real or suspected accidental exposures to ionizing radiation (IR), physical dosimetry cannot be performed for retrospective estimates. In such situations, biological dosimetry has been proposed as an alternative for investigation. Briefly, biodosimetry can be defined as individual dose evaluation based on biological endpoints induced by IR (so-called biomarkers). The relationship between biological endpoints and absorbed dose is not always straightforward: nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, for example, are the most well-known biological effects of individual irradiation, but a precise correlation between those symptoms and absorbed dose is hardly achieved. The scoring of unstable chromosomal-type aberrations (such as dicentrics and rings) and micronuclei in mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood, up till today, has been the most extensively biodosimetry assay employed for such purposes. Dicentric assay is the gold standard in biodosimetry, since its presence is generally considered to be specific to radiation exposure; scoring of micronuclei (a kind of by-product of chromosomal damages) is easier and faster than that of dicentrics for dose assessment. In this context, the aim of this work is to present an overview on biodosimetry based on standard cytogenetic methods, highlighting its advantages and limitations as tool in monitoring of radiation workers' doses or investigation into accidental exposures. Recent advances and perspectives are also briefly presented.
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Gurung RL, Lim SN, Khaw AK, Soon JFF, Shenoy K, Mohamed Ali S, Jayapal M, Sethu S, Baskar R, Hande MP. Thymoquinone induces telomere shortening, DNA damage and apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12124. [PMID: 20711342 PMCID: PMC2920825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A major concern of cancer chemotherapy is the side effects caused by the non-specific targeting of both normal and cancerous cells by therapeutic drugs. Much emphasis has been placed on discovering new compounds that target tumour cells more efficiently and selectively with minimal toxic effects on normal cells. Methodology/Principal Findings The cytotoxic effect of thymoquinone, a component derived from the plant Nigella sativa, was tested on human glioblastoma and normal cells. Our findings demonstrated that glioblastoma cells were more sensitive to thymoquinone-induced antiproliferative effects. Thymoquinone induced DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in the glioblastoma cells. It was also observed that thymoquinone facilitated telomere attrition by inhibiting the activity of telomerase. In addition to these, we investigated the role of DNA-PKcs on thymoquinone mediated changes in telomere length. Telomeres in glioblastoma cells with DNA-PKcs were more sensitive to thymoquinone mediated effects as compared to those cells deficient in DNA-PKcs. Conclusions/Significance Our results indicate that thymoquinone induces DNA damage, telomere attrition by inhibiting telomerase and cell death in glioblastoma cells. Telomere shortening was found to be dependent on the status of DNA-PKcs. Collectively, these data suggest that thymoquinone could be useful as a potential chemotherapeutic agent in the management for brain tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resham Lal Gurung
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shi Ni Lim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aik Kia Khaw
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jasmine Fen Fen Soon
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kirthan Shenoy
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Safiyya Mohamed Ali
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manikandan Jayapal
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Swaminathan Sethu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rajamanickam Baskar
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M. Prakash Hande
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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Heavy-ion induced chromosomal aberrations: A review. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2010; 701:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kadhim MA, Lee R, Moore SR, Macdonald DA, Chapman KL, Patel G, Prise KM. Genomic instability after targeted irradiation of human lymphocytes: evidence for inter-individual differences under bystander conditions. Mutat Res 2010; 688:91-4. [PMID: 20347853 PMCID: PMC3004239 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2010.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Environmental (222)radon exposure is a human health concern, and many studies demonstrate that very low doses of high LET alpha-particle irradiation initiate deleterious genetic consequences in both irradiated and non-irradiated bystander cells. One consequence, radiation-induced genomic instability (RIGI), is a hallmark of tumorigenesis and is often assessed by measuring delayed chromosomal aberrations. We utilised a technique that facilitates transient immobilization of primary lymphocytes for targeted microbeam irradiation and have reported that environmentally relevant doses, e.g. a single (3)He(2+) particle traversal to a single cell, are sufficient to induce RIGI. Herein we sought to determine differences in radiation response in lymphocytes isolated from five healthy male donors. Primary lymphocytes were irradiated with a single particle per cell nucleus. We found evidence for inter-individual variation in radiation response (RIGI, measured as delayed chromosome aberrations). Although this was not highly significant, it was possibly masked by high levels of intra-individual variation. While there are many studies showing a link between genetic predisposition and RIGI, there are few studies linking genetic background with bystander effects in normal human lymphocytes. In an attempt to investigate inter-individual variation in the induction of bystander effects, primary lymphocytes were irradiated with a single particle under conditions where fractions of the population were traversed. We showed a marked genotype-dependent bystander response in one donor after exposure to 15% of the population. The findings may also be regarded as a radiation-induced genotype-dependent bystander effect triggering an instability phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munira A Kadhim
- School of Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK.
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Benkhaled L, Barrios L, Mestres M, Caballin MR, Ribas M, Barquinero JF. Analysis of γ-rays induced chromosome aberrations: A fingerprint evaluation with a combination of pan-centromeric and pan-telomeric probes. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 82:869-75. [PMID: 17178627 DOI: 10.1080/09553000600979092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the types of induced chromosome aberrations after the exposure of peripheral blood to gamma-rays by the simultaneous detection of all centromeres and telomeres; and to analyse the suitability of different radiation fingerprints for the assessment of radiation quality in cases of recent exposures. MATERIAL AND METHODS Peripheral blood samples were irradiated at 2, 4 and 6 Gy of gamma-rays. Cytogenetic analysis was carried out by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique with pan-centromeric and peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-telomeric DNA probes. Cells were analysed using a Cytovision FISH workstation, chromosome aberrations and the length of the acentric fragments were recorded. RESULTS The total number of the incomplete chromosome elements was 276. The ratio between incomplete elements and multicentrics was 0.38. The number of acentrics was 1096, 71% were complete acentrics, 15% incomplete acentrics, and 14% interstitial fragments. The relative length of complete, incomplete and interstitial acentrics fragments were 2.70 +/- 0.04, 1.91 +/- 0.07, and 1.42 +/- 0.04 respectively. The mean value of the F-ratio was 11.5 higher than the one, 5.5, previously obtained for alpha-particles. For the G-ratio there was no difference between gamma-rays and alpha-particles, 2.8 and 2.8 respectively. The mean value of the H-ratio for gamma-rays, 0.25, was lower than for alpha-particles 0.40. CONCLUSION The results support that the percentage of incomplete chromosome aberrations depends on radiation type; low-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation would produces less incomplete aberrations than high-LET radiation. The F- and H-ratios seem to be good indicators of radiation quality, although a real estimation of the H-ratio is only possible using pan-telomeric probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Benkhaled
- Unitat d'Antropologia, Dpt. Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Tawn EJ, Whitehouse CA, Holdsworth D, De Ruyck K, Vandenbulcke K, Thierens H. mBAND analysis of chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes exposedin vitroto α-particles and γ-rays. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 84:447-53. [DOI: 10.1080/09553000802078412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Szeles A, Joussineau S, Lewensohn R, Lagercrantz S, Larsson C. Evaluation of spectral karyotyping (SKY) in biodosimetry for the triage situation following gamma irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 82:87-96. [PMID: 16546907 DOI: 10.1080/09553000600599767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Biological dosimetry in an acute triage situation of radiation exposure is traditionally performed by scoring unstable dicentric chromosomal aberrations after conventional Giemsa staining, and more recently also by detection of chromosomal translocations after chromosome painting by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). By spectral karyotyping (SKY) each chromosome can be painted in an individual colour, permitting the scanning for structural aberrations throughout the genome in each individual metaphase. Here we have evaluated the performance of SKY analysis in a simulated triage situation after gamma irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral leukocytes were irradiated by 60Co (0 - 5 Gy) and analysed by SKY, Giemsa staining and FISH painting of chromosomes 1, 2, and 3. RESULTS At 1 Gy and higher doses, dicentric aberrations (Dic+) as well as classical one- and two-way translocations were found in increasing and dose-dependent frequencies by SKY. The frequency of dicentrics detected by Giemsa was found to be significantly higher than the total aberrations detected by SKY (p<0.001), but did not differ significantly from that of FISH painting. The difference was mainly attributable to the low sensitivity of SKY to detect Dic+ following frequent lack of acentric fragments with matching chromosomal composition. CONCLUSIONS The findings anticipate that radiation induced chromosomal aberrations may be more complex than expected from conventional and single chromosome painting analyses. While conventional Giemsa staining was found to be the method of choice for the triage situation, it is expected that extended SKY analysis will add to the knowledge of underlying mechanisms for irradiation associated chromosomal aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szeles
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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Duran A, Barquinero JF, Caballín MR, Ribas M, Barrios L. Persistence of Radiation-Induced Chromosome Aberrations in a Long-Term Cell Culture. Radiat Res 2009; 171:425-37. [DOI: 10.1667/rr1504.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Vinoth KJ, Heng BC, Poonepalli A, Banerjee B, Balakrishnan L, Lu K, Hande MP, Cao T. Human embryonic stem cells may display higher resistance to genotoxic stress as compared to primary explanted somatic cells. Stem Cells Dev 2008; 17:599-607. [PMID: 18498216 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2007.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of human embryonic stem (hES) cells in genotoxicity screening can potentially overcome the deficiencies associated with using immortalized cell lines, primary explanted somatic cells, and live animal models. Hence this study sought to compare the responses of hES cells and primary explanted somatic cells (IMR-90 cells, human fetal lung fibroblasts) to genotoxic stress, to evaluate whether hES cells can accurately reflect the normal physiology of human somatic cells. The effects of mitomycin C (MMC) on the chromosomal stability of hESC and IMR-90 was assayed and compared by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with telomere-specific peptide nucleic acid and multicolor (m) FISH techniques. The results showed that, the percentage of aberrant cells increased from 6% in the untreated control to 57.5% at the higher dose of 0.06 microg/ml MMC (9.6-fold increase) group in the case of IMR-90 cells, whereas hES cells displayed a corresponding increase from 6% to 28% (4.6-fold increase). Telomere FISH ascertained that the main types of damage induced by MMC are chromosomal breaks and the loss of telomeric signals. No fusions were observed in all samples analyzed. This was further confirmed by mFISH, which showed that fusions and translocations were not the type of aberration induced by MMC, with no such aberrations being observed in all samples analyzed. Hence, hES cells of the H1 line are apparently more resistant to MMC-induced DNA damage, as compared to the IMR-90 cells. These results highlight possible intrinsic differences in response to damaging agents between hES cells and normal somatic cells.
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Pouzoulet F, Roch-Lefèvre S, Giraudet AL, Vaurijoux A, Voisin P, Buard V, Delbos M, Bourhis J, Voisin P, Roy L. Monitoring translocations by M-FISH and three-color FISH painting techniques: a study of two radiotherapy patients. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2007; 48:425-34. [PMID: 17785937 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.07013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare translocation rate using either M-FISH or FISH-3 in two patients treated for head and neck cancer, with a view to retrospective dosimetry. MATERIALS AND METHODS Translocation analysis was performed on peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures from blood samples taken at different times during the radiotherapy (0 Gy, 12 Gy and 50 Gy) and a few months after the end of the treatment (follow-up). RESULTS Estimated translocation yield varied according to the FISH technique used. At 50 Gy and follow-up points, the translocation yields were higher with FISH-3 than with M-FISH. This difference can be attributed to three events. First, an increase in complex aberrations was observed for 50 Gy and follow-up points compared with 0 Gy and 12 Gy points. Second, at the end of treatment for patient A, involvement of chromosomes 2, 4, 12 in translocations was less than expected according to the Lucas formula. Third, a clone bearing a translocation involving a FISH-3 painted chromosome was detected. CONCLUSIONS More translocations were detected with M-FISH than with FISH-3, and so M-FISH is expected to improve the accuracy of chromosome aberration analyses in some situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pouzoulet
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Dosimétrie Biologique, Fontenay aux Roses, France
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Hada M, Cucinotta FA, Gonda SR, Wu H. mBAND Analysis of Chromosomal Aberrations in Human Epithelial Cells Exposed to Low- and High-LET Radiation. Radiat Res 2007; 168:98-105. [PMID: 17722995 DOI: 10.1667/rr0759.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Accepted: 03/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Energetic heavy ions pose a potential health risk to astronauts who have participated in extended space missions. High-LET radiation is much more effective than low-LET radiation in the induction of biological effects, including cell inactivation, genetic mutations, cataracts and cancer. Most of these biological end points are closely correlated with chromosomal damage, which can be used as a biomarker for radiation damage. Multicolor banding in situ hybridization (mBAND) has proven to be highly useful for the study of intrachromosomal aberrations, which have been suggested as a biomarker of exposure to high-LET radiation. To investigate biological signatures of radiation quality and the complexity of intrachromosomal aberrations, we exposed human epithelial cells in vitro to (137)Cs gamma rays or iron ions (600 MeV/nucleon) and collected chromosomes using a premature chromosome condensation technique. Aberrations in chromosome 3 were analyzed using mBAND probes. The results of our study confirmed the observation of a higher incidence of inversions for high-LET radiation. However, detailed analysis of the inversion type revealed that both iron ions and gamma rays induced a low incidence of simple inversions. Half of the inversions observed in the low-LET-irradiated samples were accompanied by other types of intrachromosome aberrations, but few inversions were accompanied by interchromosome aberrations. In contrast, iron ions induced a significant fraction of inversions that involved complex rearrangements of both inter- and intrachromosome exchanges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Hada
- Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas 77085, USA.
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Rithidech KN, Honikel L, Whorton EB. mFISH analysis of chromosomal damage in bone marrow cells collected from CBA/CaJ mice following whole body exposure to heavy ions (56Fe ions). RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2007; 46:137-45. [PMID: 17486387 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-006-0092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2006] [Accepted: 12/28/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To date, there is scant information on in vivo induction of chromosomal damage by heavy ions found in space (i.e. 56Fe ions). For radiation-induced response to be useful for risk assessment, it must be established in in vivo systems especially in cells that are known to be at risk for health problems associated with radiation exposure (such as hematopoietic cells, the known target tissue for radiation-induced leukemia). In this study, the whole genome multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) technique was used to examine the in vivo induction of chromosomal damage in hematopoietic tissues, i.e. bone marrow cells. These cells were collected from CBA/CaJ mice at day 7 following whole-body exposure to different doses of 1 GeV/amu 56Fe ions (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 Gy) or (137)Cs gamma rays as the reference radiation (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 Gy, at the dose rate of 0.72 Gy/min using a GammaCell40). These radiation doses were the average total-body doses. For each radiation type, there were four mice per dose. Several types of aberrations in bone marrow cells collected from mice exposed to either type of radiation were found. These were exchanges and breaks (both chromatid- and chromosome-types). Chromosomal exchanges included translocations (Robertsonian or centric fusion, reciprocal and incomplete types), and dicentrics. No evidence of a non-random involvement of specific chromosomes in any type of aberrations observed in mice exposed to 56Fe ions or 137Cs gamma rays was found. At the radiation dose range used in our in vivo study, the majority of exchanges were simple. Complex exchanges were detected in bone marrow cells collected from mice exposed to 1 Gy of 56Fe ions or 3 Gy of 137Cs gamma rays only, but their frequencies were low. Overall, our in vivo data indicate that the frequency of complex chromosome exchanges was not significantly different between bone marrow cells collected from mice exposed to 56Fe ions or 137Cs gamma rays. Each type of radiation induced significant dose-dependent increases (ANOVA, P < 0.01) in the frequencies of chromosomal damage, including the numbers of abnormal cells. Based upon the linear-terms of dose-response curves, 56Fe ions were 1.6 (all types of exchanges), 4.3 (abnormal cells) and 4.2 (breaks, both chromatid- and chromosome-types) times more effective than 137Cs gamma rays in inducing chromosomal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Noy Rithidech
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA.
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Towards resolving conflicting reports of radiation-induced genomic instability in populations exposed to ionizing radiation: Implications for the hibakusha. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ics.2006.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Newman JPA, Banerjee B, Fang W, Poonepalli A, Balakrishnan L, Low GKM, Bhattacharjee RN, Akira S, Jayapal M, Melendez AJ, Baskar R, Lee HW, Hande MP. Short dysfunctional telomeres impair the repair of arsenite-induced oxidative damage in mouse cells. J Cell Physiol 2007; 214:796-809. [PMID: 17849448 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres and telomerase appear to participate in the repair of broken DNA ends produced by oxidative damage. Arsenite is an environmental contaminant and a potent human carcinogen, which induces oxidative stress on cells via the generation of reactive oxygen species affecting cell viability and chromosome stability. It promotes telomere attrition and reduces cell survival by apoptosis. In this study, we used mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from mice lacking telomerase RNA component (mTERC(-/-) mice) with long (early passage or EP) and short (late passage or LP) telomeres to investigate the extent of oxidative damage by comparing the differences in DNA damage, chromosome instability, and cell survival at 24 and 48 h of exposure to sodium arsenite (As3+; NaAsO2). There was significantly high level of DNA damage in mTERC(-/-) cells with short telomeres as determined by alkaline comet assay. Consistent with elevated DNA damage, increased micronuclei (MN) induction reflecting gross genomic instability was also observed. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed that increasing doses of arsenite augmented the chromosome aberrations, which contributes to genomic instability leading to possibly apoptotic cell death and cell cycle arrest. Microarray analysis has revealed that As3+ treatment altered the expression of 456 genes of which 20% of them have known functions in cell cycle and DNA damage signaling and response, cell growth, and/or maintenance. Results from our studies imply that short dysfunctional telomeres impair the repair of oxidative damage caused by arsenite. The results will have implications in risk estimation as well as cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer P A Newman
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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