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Xu T, Bai J, Zhao K, Chen X, Wang S, Zhu S, Sun C, Zhao C, Wang T, Zhu L, Hu M, Pang F, Zhang J, Wang W, Shu Y, Li F, Zhou Y. Induction Therapy of Tislelizumab Combined with Cisplatin and 5-Fluorouracil and Subsequent Conversion Surgery in Patients with Unresectable Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Phase 2, Single Center Study. Ann Surg Oncol 2024:10.1245/s10434-024-16033-x. [PMID: 39179863 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-16033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study reported the safety and efficacy of a phase 2, open-label, single-arm, exploratory clinical trial of induction immunochemotherapy in patients with initially unresectable advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients underwent three cycles of induction therapy with tislelizumab, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil. The primary endpoints were the safety, major pathological response (MPR), and pathological complete response (pCR). Secondary endpoints included the R0 resection rate, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). Genomic data and immune microenvironment data were analyzed exploratively. RESULTS The treatment was safe, with a grade 3 or higher adverse event rate of 14.9% (7/47). Of the total 47 patients enrolled in the study, 19 (40.4%) achieved MPR, 12 (25.5%) achieved pCR, 4 (8.5%) achieved complete clinical response (cCR) and declined surgery, and 23 (48.94%) underwent successful resection. Median follow-up was 18 months, with a median DFS of 24 months, a median OS of 36 months. A high tumor mutation burden was associated with a better prognosis for patients who underwent surgery. Patients who achieved pCR had higher levels of immune cell infiltration and a greater proportion and concentration of tertiary lymphoid structures compared with those who experienced a major pathological response. CONCLUSIONS Tislelizumab combined with chemotherapy is effective for ESCC, yielding high cCR, pCR, surgical conversion, and R0 resection rates, and tolerable adverse events. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05469061.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongpeng Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianan Bai
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Huaian Hospital of Huaian City, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- Medical Affairs Department, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shusheng Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongqi Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhui Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xishan People's Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Meizhen Hu
- Medical Affairs Department, OrigiMed, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Pang
- Medical Affairs Department, OrigiMed, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junling Zhang
- Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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Tao H, Song SJ, Fan ZW, Li WT, Jin X, Jiang W, Bai J, Shi ZZ. PKCiota Inhibits the Ferroptosis of Esophageal Cancer Cells via Suppressing USP14-Mediated Autophagic Degradation of GPX4. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:114. [PMID: 38247539 PMCID: PMC10812620 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most frequent malignant tumors, and the mechanisms underlying the anti-ferroptosis of esophageal cancer cells are still largely unclear. This study aims to explore the roles of amplified protein kinase C iota (PKCiota) in the ferroptosis of ESCC cells. Cell viability, colony formation, MDA assay, Western blotting, co-IP, PLA, and RNA-seq technologies are used to reveal the roles and mechanisms underlying the PKCiota-induced resistance of ESCC cells to ferroptosis. We showed here that PKCiota was amplified and overexpressed in ESCC and decreased during RSL3-induced ferroptosis of ESCC cells. PKCiota interacted with GPX4 and the deubiquitinase USP14 and improved the protein stability of GPX4 by suppressing the USP14-mediated autophagy-lysosomal degradation pathway. PKCiota was negatively regulated by miR-145-5p, which decreased in esophageal cancer, and also regulated by USP14 and GPX4 by a positive feedback loop. PKCiota silencing and miR-145-5p overexpression suppressed tumor growth of ESCC cells in vivo, respectively; even a combination of silencing PKCiota and RSL3 treatment showed more vital suppressive roles on tumor growth than silencing PKCiota alone. Both PKCiota silencing and miR-145-5p overexpression sensitized ESCC cells to RSL3-induced ferroptosis. These results unveiled that amplified and overexpressed PKCiota induced the resistance of ESCC cells to ferroptosis by suppressing the USP14-mediated autophagic degradation of GPX4. Patients with PKCiota/USP14/GPX4 pathway activation might be sensitive to GPX4-targeted ferroptosis-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tao
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (H.T.); (S.-J.S.); (Z.-W.F.); (W.-T.L.); (X.J.); (J.B.)
| | - Sheng-Jie Song
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (H.T.); (S.-J.S.); (Z.-W.F.); (W.-T.L.); (X.J.); (J.B.)
| | - Ze-Wen Fan
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (H.T.); (S.-J.S.); (Z.-W.F.); (W.-T.L.); (X.J.); (J.B.)
| | - Wen-Ting Li
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (H.T.); (S.-J.S.); (Z.-W.F.); (W.-T.L.); (X.J.); (J.B.)
| | - Xin Jin
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (H.T.); (S.-J.S.); (Z.-W.F.); (W.-T.L.); (X.J.); (J.B.)
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650000, China;
| | - Jie Bai
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (H.T.); (S.-J.S.); (Z.-W.F.); (W.-T.L.); (X.J.); (J.B.)
| | - Zhi-Zhou Shi
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (H.T.); (S.-J.S.); (Z.-W.F.); (W.-T.L.); (X.J.); (J.B.)
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Investigation of UTR Variants by Computational Approaches Reveal Their Functional Significance in PRKCI Gene Regulation. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020247. [PMID: 36833174 PMCID: PMC9956319 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with many diseases including neurological disorders, heart diseases, diabetes, and different types of cancers. In the context of cancer, the variations within non-coding regions, including UTRs, have gained utmost importance. In gene expression, translational regulation is as important as transcriptional regulation for the normal functioning of cells; modification in normal functions can be associated with the pathophysiology of many diseases. UTR-localized SNPs in the PRKCI gene were evaluated using the PolymiRTS, miRNASNP, and MicroSNIper for association with miRNAs. Furthermore, the SNPs were subjected to analysis using GTEx, RNAfold, and PROMO. The genetic intolerance to functional variation was checked through GeneCards. Out of 713 SNPs, a total of thirty-one UTR SNPs (three in 3' UTR region and twenty-nine in 5' UTR region) were marked as ≤2b by RegulomeDB. The associations of 23 SNPs with miRNAs were found. Two SNPs, rs140672226 and rs2650220, were significantly linked with expression in the stomach and esophagus mucosa. The 3' UTR SNPs rs1447651774 and rs115170199 and the 5' UTR region variants rs778557075, rs968409340, and 750297755 were predicted to destabilize the mRNA structure with substantial change in free energy (∆G). Seventeen variants were predicted to have linkage disequilibrium with various diseases. The SNP rs542458816 in 5' UTR was predicted to put maximum influence on transcription factor binding sites. Gene damage index(GDI) and loss of function (o:e) ratio values for PRKCI suggested that the gene is not tolerant to loss of function variants. Our results highlight the effects of 3' and 5' UTR SNP on miRNA, transcription and translation of PRKCI. These analyses suggest that these SNPs can have substantial functional importance in the PRKCI gene. Future experimental validation could provide further basis for the diagnosis and therapeutics of various diseases.
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Zhao X, Gabriëls RY, Hooghiemstra WTR, Koller M, Meersma GJ, Buist-Homan M, Visser L, Robinson DJ, Tenditnaya A, Gorpas D, Ntziachristos V, Karrenbeld A, Kats-Ugurlu G, Fehrmann RSN, Nagengast WB. Validation of Novel Molecular Imaging Targets Identified by Functional Genomic mRNA Profiling to Detect Dysplasia in Barrett's Esophagus. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102462. [PMID: 35626066 PMCID: PMC9139936 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is the precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Dysplastic BE (DBE) has a higher progression risk to EAC compared to non-dysplastic BE (NDBE). However, the miss rates for the endoscopic detection of DBE remain high. Fluorescence molecular endoscopy (FME) can detect DBE and mucosal EAC by highlighting the tumor-specific expression of proteins. This study aimed to identify target proteins suitable for FME. Publicly available RNA expression profiles of EAC and NDBE were corrected by functional genomic mRNA (FGmRNA) profiling. Following a class comparison between FGmRNA profiles of EAC and NDBE, predicted, significantly upregulated genes in EAC were prioritized by a literature search. Protein expression of prioritized genes was validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on DBE and NDBE tissues. Near-infrared fluorescent tracers targeting the proteins were developed and evaluated ex vivo on fresh human specimens. In total, 1976 overexpressed genes were identified in EAC (n = 64) compared to NDBE (n = 66) at RNA level. Prioritization and IHC validation revealed SPARC, SULF1, PKCι, and DDR1 (all p < 0.0001) as the most attractive imaging protein targets for DBE detection. Newly developed tracers SULF1-800CW and SPARC-800CW both showed higher fluorescence intensity in DBE tissue compared to paired non-dysplastic tissue. This study identified SPARC, SULF1, PKCι, and DDR1 as promising targets for FME to differentiate DBE from NDBE tissue, for which SULF1-800CW and SPARC-800CW were successfully ex vivo evaluated. Clinical studies should further validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (X.Z.); (R.Y.G.); (W.T.R.H.); (G.J.M.); (M.B.-H.)
- Cancer Research Center Groningen, Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Ruben Y. Gabriëls
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (X.Z.); (R.Y.G.); (W.T.R.H.); (G.J.M.); (M.B.-H.)
| | - Wouter T. R. Hooghiemstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (X.Z.); (R.Y.G.); (W.T.R.H.); (G.J.M.); (M.B.-H.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjory Koller
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Gert Jan Meersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (X.Z.); (R.Y.G.); (W.T.R.H.); (G.J.M.); (M.B.-H.)
- Cancer Research Center Groningen, Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Manon Buist-Homan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (X.Z.); (R.Y.G.); (W.T.R.H.); (G.J.M.); (M.B.-H.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lydia Visser
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (L.V.); (A.K.); (G.K.-U.)
| | - Dominic J. Robinson
- Center for Optic Diagnostics and Therapy, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Anna Tenditnaya
- Chair of Biological Imaging, Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany; (A.T.); (D.G.); (V.N.)
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dimitris Gorpas
- Chair of Biological Imaging, Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany; (A.T.); (D.G.); (V.N.)
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Chair of Biological Imaging, Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany; (A.T.); (D.G.); (V.N.)
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Arend Karrenbeld
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (L.V.); (A.K.); (G.K.-U.)
| | - Gursah Kats-Ugurlu
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (L.V.); (A.K.); (G.K.-U.)
| | - Rudolf S. N. Fehrmann
- Cancer Research Center Groningen, Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Wouter B. Nagengast
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (X.Z.); (R.Y.G.); (W.T.R.H.); (G.J.M.); (M.B.-H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-(50)-361-6161
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5
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Bensen R, Brognard J. New Therapeutic Opportunities for the Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinomas: A Focus on Novel Driver Kinases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2831. [PMID: 33799513 PMCID: PMC7999493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas of the lung, head and neck, esophagus, and cervix account for more than two million cases of cancer per year worldwide with very few targetable therapies available and minimal clinical improvement in the past three decades. Although these carcinomas are differentiated anatomically, their genetic landscape shares numerous common genetic alterations. Amplification of the third chromosome's distal portion (3q) is a distinguishing genetic alteration in most of these carcinomas and leads to copy-number gain and amplification of numerous oncogenic proteins. This area of the chromosome harbors known oncogenes involved in squamous cell fate decisions and differentiation, including TP63, SOX2, ECT2, and PIK3CA. Furthermore, novel targetable oncogenic kinases within this amplicon include PRKCI, PAK2, MAP3K13, and TNIK. TCGA analysis of these genes identified amplification in more than 20% of clinical squamous cell carcinoma samples, correlating with a significant decrease in overall patient survival. Alteration of these genes frequently co-occurs and is dependent on 3q-chromosome amplification. The dependency of cancer cells on these amplified kinases provides a route toward personalized medicine in squamous cell carcinoma patients through development of small-molecules targeting these kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Brognard
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
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Parker PJ, Brown SJ, Calleja V, Chakravarty P, Cobbaut M, Linch M, Marshall JJT, Martini S, McDonald NQ, Soliman T, Watson L. Equivocal, explicit and emergent actions of PKC isoforms in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:51-63. [PMID: 33177705 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-00310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The maturing mutational landscape of cancer genomes, the development and application of clinical interventions and evolving insights into tumour-associated functions reveal unexpected features of the protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine protein kinases. These advances include recent work showing gain or loss-of-function mutations relating to driver or bystander roles, how conformational constraints and plasticity impact this class of proteins and how emergent cancer-associated properties may offer opportunities for intervention. The profound impact of the tumour microenvironment, reflected in the efficacy of immune checkpoint interventions, further prompts to incorporate PKC family actions and interventions in this ecosystem, informed by insights into the control of stromal and immune cell functions. Drugging PKC isoforms has offered much promise, but when and how is not obvious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Parker
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK.
| | - Sophie J Brown
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Veronique Calleja
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Mathias Cobbaut
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Mark Linch
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Silvia Martini
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Neil Q McDonald
- Signalling and Structural Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, London, UK
| | - Tanya Soliman
- Centre for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology, Bart's Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Lisa Watson
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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Liu Y, Justilien V, Fields AP, Murray NR. Recurrent copy number gains drive PKCι expression and PKCι-dependent oncogenic signaling in human cancers. Adv Biol Regul 2020; 78:100754. [PMID: 32992230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PRKCI is frequently overexpressed in multiple human cancers, and PKCι expression is often prognostic for poor patient survival, indicating that elevated PKCι broadly plays an oncogenic role in the cancer phenotype. PKCι drives multiple oncogenic signaling pathways involved in transformed growth, and transgenic mouse models have revealed that PKCι is a critical oncogenic driver in both lung and ovarian cancers. We now report that recurrent 3q26 copy number gain (CNG) is the predominant genetic driver of PRKCI mRNA expression in all major human cancer types exhibiting such CNGs. In addition to PRKCI, CNG at 3q26 leads to coordinate CNGs of ECT2 and SOX2, two additional 3q26 genes that collaborate with PRKCI to drive oncogenic signaling and tumor initiation in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Interestingly however, whereas 3q26 CNG is a strong driver of PRKCI mRNA expression across all tumor types examined, it has differential effects on ECT2 and SOX2 mRNA expression. In some tumors types, particularly those with squamous histology, all three 3q26 oncogenes are coordinately overexpressed as a consequence of 3q26 CNG, whereas in other cancers only PRKCI and ECT2 mRNA are coordinately overexpressed. This distinct pattern of expression of 3q26 genes corresponds to differences in genomic signatures reflective of activation of specific PKCι oncogenic signaling pathways. In addition to highly prevalent CNG, some tumor types exhibit monoallelic loss of PRKCI. Interestingly, many tumors harboring monoallelic loss of PRKCI express significantly lower PRKCI mRNA and exhibit evidence of WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway activation, which we previously characterized as a major oncogenic pathway in a newly described, PKCι-independent molecular subtype of lung adenocarcinoma. Finally, we show that CNG-driven activation of PKCι oncogenic signaling predicts poor patient survival in many major cancer types. We conclude that CNG and monoallelic loss are the major determinants of tumor PRKCI mRNA expression across virtually all tumor types, but that tumor-type specific mechanisms determine whether these copy number alterations also drive expression of the collaborating 3q26 oncogenes ECT2 and SOX2, and the oncogenic PKCι signaling pathways activated through the collaborative action of these genes. Our analysis may be useful in identifying tumor-specific predictive biomarkers and effective PKCι-targeted therapeutic strategies in the multitude of human cancers harboring genetic activation of PRKCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Verline Justilien
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Alan P Fields
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Nicole R Murray
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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Kudryavtseva AV, Kalinin DV, Pavlov VS, Savvateeva MV, Fedorova MS, Pudova EA, Kobelyatskaya AA, Golovyuk AL, Guvatova ZG, Razmakhaev GS, Demidova TB, Simanovsky SA, Slavnova EN, Poloznikov AА, Polyakov AP, Melnikova NV, Dmitriev AA, Krasnov GS, Snezhkina AV. Mutation profiling in eight cases of vagal paragangliomas. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:115. [PMID: 32948195 PMCID: PMC7500026 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00763-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vagal paragangliomas (VPGLs) belong to a group of rare head and neck neuroendocrine tumors. VPGLs arise from the vagus nerve and are less common than carotid paragangliomas. Both diagnostics and therapy of the tumors raise significant challenges. Besides, the genetic and molecular mechanisms behind VPGL pathogenesis are poorly understood. Methods The collection of VPGLs obtained from 8 patients of Russian population was used in the study. Exome library preparation and high-throughput sequencing of VPGLs were performed using an Illumina technology. Results Based on exome analysis, we identified pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants of the SDHx genes, frequently mutated in paragangliomas/pheochromocytomas. SDHB variants were found in three patients, whereas SDHD was mutated in two cases. Moreover, likely pathogenic missense variants were also detected in SDHAF3 and SDHAF4 genes encoding for assembly factors for the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex. In a patient, we found a novel variant of the IDH2 gene that was predicted as pathogenic by a series of algorithms used (such as SIFT, PolyPhen2, FATHMM, MutationTaster, and LRT). Additionally, pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants were determined for several genes, including novel genes and some genes previously reported as associated with different types of tumors. Conclusions Results indicate a high heterogeneity among VPGLs, however, it seems that driver events in most cases are associated with mutations in the SDHx genes and SDH assembly factor-coding genes that lead to disruptions in the SDH complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitry V Kalinin
- Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav S Pavlov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria V Savvateeva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria S Fedorova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A Pudova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexander L Golovyuk
- Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zulfiya G Guvatova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - George S Razmakhaev
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana B Demidova
- A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A Simanovsky
- A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena N Slavnova
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey А Poloznikov
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey P Polyakov
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya V Melnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Dmitriev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - George S Krasnov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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9
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Zhang Q, Cao C, Gong W, Bao K, Wang Q, Wang Y, Bi L, Ma S, Zhao J, Liu L, Tian S, Zhang K, Yang J, Yao Z, Song N, Shi L. A feedforward circuit shaped by ECT2 and USP7 contributes to breast carcinogenesis. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:10769-10790. [PMID: 32929379 PMCID: PMC7482815 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: A number of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) including epithelial cell transforming factor ECT2 are believed to drive carcinogenesis through activating distinct oncogenic GTPases. Yet, whether GEF-independent activity of ECT2 also plays a role in tumorigenesis remains unclear. Methods: Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, colony formation and xenograft assays were used to examine the role of ECT2 in breast carcinogenesis. Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescent stainings, in vivo deubiquitination and in vitro deubiquitination experiments were performed to examine the physical and functional interaction between ECT2 and ubiquitin-specific protease USP7. High-throughput RNA sequencing, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and Western blotting were employed to investigate the biological significance of the interplay between ECT2 and USP7. Results: We report that ECT2 plays a tumor-promoting role in breast cancer, and GEF activity-deficient ECT2 is able to alleviate ECT2 depletion associated growth defects in breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that ECT2 physically interacts with ubiquitin-specific protease USP7 and functionally facilitates USP7 intermolecular self-association, -deubiquitination and -stabilization in a GEF activity-independent manner. USP7 in turn, deubiquitinates and stabilizes ECT2, resulting in a feedforward regulatory circuit that ultimately sustains the expression of oncogenic protein MDM2. Conclusion: Our study uncovers a GEF-independent role of ECT2 in promoting survival of breast cancer cells, provides a molecular insight for the reciprocal regulation of ECT2 and USP7, and supports the pursuit of ECT2/USP7 as potential targets for breast cancer intervention.
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10
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Justilien V, Lewis KC, Meneses KM, Jamieson L, Murray NR, Fields AP. Protein kinase Cι promotes UBF1-ECT2 binding on ribosomal DNA to drive rRNA synthesis and transformed growth of non-small-cell lung cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:8214-8226. [PMID: 32350115 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell-transforming sequence 2 (ECT2) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho GTPases that is overexpressed in many cancers and involved in signal transduction pathways that promote cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and tumorigenesis. Recently, we demonstrated that a significant pool of ECT2 localizes to the nucleolus of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, where it binds the transcription factor upstream binding factor 1 (UBF1) on the promoter regions of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and activates rDNA transcription, transformed cell growth, and tumor formation. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which ECT2 engages UBF1 on rDNA promoters. Results from ECT2 mutagenesis indicated that the tandem BRCT domain of ECT2 mediates binding to UBF1. Biochemical and MS-based analyses revealed that protein kinase Cι (PKCι) directly phosphorylates UBF1 at Ser-412, thereby generating a phosphopeptide-binding epitope that binds the ECT2 BRCT domain. Lentiviral shRNA knockdown and reconstitution experiments revealed that both a functional ECT2 BRCT domain and the UBF1 Ser-412 phosphorylation site are required for UBF1-mediated ECT2 recruitment to rDNA, elevated rRNA synthesis, and transformed growth. Our findings provide critical molecular insight into ECT2-mediated regulation of rDNA transcription in cancer cells and offer a rationale for therapeutic targeting of UBF1- and ECT2-stimulated rDNA transcription for the management of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verline Justilien
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Kayla C Lewis
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Kayleah M Meneses
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Lee Jamieson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Nicole R Murray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Alan P Fields
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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11
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Reina-Campos M, Diaz-Meco MT, Moscat J. The Dual Roles of the Atypical Protein Kinase Cs in Cancer. Cancer Cell 2019; 36:218-235. [PMID: 31474570 PMCID: PMC6751000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) isozymes, PKCλ/ι and PKCζ, are now considered fundamental regulators of tumorigenesis. However, the specific separation of functions that determine their different roles in cancer is still being unraveled. Both aPKCs have pleiotropic context-dependent functions that can translate into tumor-promoter or -suppressive functions. Here, we review early and more recent literature to discuss how the different tumor types, and their microenvironments, might account for the selective signaling of each aPKC isotype. This is of clinical relevance because a better understanding of the roles of these kinases is essential for the design of new anti-cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Reina-Campos
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Maria T Diaz-Meco
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jorge Moscat
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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12
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Molecular prognosticators in clinically and pathologically distinct cohorts of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma-A meta-analysis approach. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218989. [PMID: 31310629 PMCID: PMC6634788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) includes multiple subsites that exhibit differential treatment outcome, which is in turn reflective of tumor stage/histopathology and molecular profile. This study hypothesized that the molecular profile is an accurate prognostic adjunct in patients triaged based on clinico-pathological characteristics. Towards this effect, publically available micro-array datasets (n = 8), were downloaded, classified based on HPV association (n = 83) and site (tongue n = 88; laryngopharynx n = 53; oropharynx n = 51) and re-analyzed (Genespring; v13.1). The significant genes were validated in respective cohorts in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) for correlation with clinico-pathological parameters/survival. The gene entities (n = 3258) identified from HPV based analysis, when validated in TCGA identified the subset specifically altered in HPV+ HNSCC (n = 63), with three genes showing survival impact (RPP25, NUDCD2, NOVA1). Site-specific meta-analysis identified respective differentials (tongue: 3508, laryngopharynx: 4893, oropharynx: 2386); validation in TCGA revealed markers with high incidence (altered in >10% of patients) in tongue (n = 331), laryngopharynx (n = 701) and oropharynx (n = 404). Assessment of these genes in clinical sub-cohorts of TCGA indicated that early stage tongue (MTFR1, C8ORF33, OTUD6B) and laryngeal cancers (TWISTNB, KLHL13 and UBE2Q1) were defined by distinct prognosticators. Similarly, correlation with perineural/angiolymophatic invasion, identified discrete marker panels with survival impact (tongue: NUDCD1, PRKC1; laryngopharynx: SLC4A1AP, PIK3CA, AP2M1). Alterations in ANO1, NUDCD1, PIK3CA defined survival in tongue cancer patients with nodal metastasis (node+ECS-), while EPS8 is a significant differential in node+ECS- laryngopharyngeal cancers. In oropharynx, wherein HPV is a major etiological factor, distinct prognosticators were identified in HPV+ (ECHDC2, HERC5, GGT6) and HPV- (GRB10, EMILIN1, FNDC1). Meta-analysis in combination with TCGA validation carried out in this study emphasized on the molecular heterogeneity inherent within HNSCC; the feasibility of leveraging this information for improving prognostic efficacy is also established. Subject to large scale clinical validation, the marker panel identified in this study can prove to be valuable prognostic adjuncts.
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13
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Apostolatos AH, Ratnayake WS, Win-Piazza H, Apostolatos CA, Smalley T, Kang L, Salup R, Hill R, Acevedo-Duncan M. Inhibition of atypical protein kinase C‑ι effectively reduces the malignancy of prostate cancer cells by downregulating the NF-κB signaling cascade. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1836-1846. [PMID: 30226591 PMCID: PMC6192717 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common type of cancer among men. Aggressive and metastatic PC results in life- threatening tumors, and represents one of the leading causes of mortality in men. Previous studies of atypical protein kinase C isoforms (aPKCs) have highlighted its role in the survival of cultured prostate cells via the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway. The present study showed that PKC-ι was overexpressed in PC samples collected from cancer patients but not in non-invasive prostate tissues, indicating PKC-ι as a possible prognostic biomarker for the progression of prostate carcinogenesis. Immunohistochemical staining further confirmed the association between PKC-ι and the prostate malignancy. The DU-145 and PC-3 PC cell lines, and the non-neoplastic RWPE-1 prostatic epithelial cell line were cultured and treated with aPKC inhibitors 2-acetyl-1,3-cyclopentanedione (ACPD) and 5-amino-1-(1R,2S,3S,4R)-2,3-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclopentyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide (ICA-1). Western blot data demonstrated that ICA-1 was an effective and specific inhibitor of PKC-ι and that ACPD inhibited PKC-ι and PKC-ζ. Furthermore, the two inhibitors significantly decreased malignant cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. The inhibitors showed no significant cytotoxicity towards the RWPE-1 cells, but exhibited cytostatic effects on the DU-145 and PC-3 cells prior to inducing apoptosis. The inhibition of aPKCs significantly reduced the translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus. Furthermore, this inhibition promoted apoptosis, reduced signaling for cell survival, and reduced the proliferation of PC cells, whereas the normal prostate epithelial cells were relatively unaffected. Overall, the results suggested that PKC-ι and PKC-ζ are essential for the progression of PC, and that ACPD and ICA-1 can be effectively used as potential inhibitors in targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hla Win-Piazza
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | | | - Tracess Smalley
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Loveleen Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Raoul Salup
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Robert Hill
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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14
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Kwiatkowski J, Liu B, Tee DHY, Chen G, Ahmad NHB, Wong YX, Poh ZY, Ang SH, Tan ESW, Ong EH, Nurul Dinie, Poulsen A, Pendharkar V, Sangthongpitag K, Lee MA, Sepramaniam S, Ho SY, Cherian J, Hill J, Keller TH, Hung AW. Fragment-Based Drug Discovery of Potent Protein Kinase C Iota Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4386-4396. [PMID: 29688013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C iota (PKC-ι) is an atypical kinase implicated in the promotion of different cancer types. A biochemical screen of a fragment library has identified several hits from which an azaindole-based scaffold was chosen for optimization. Driven by a structure-activity relationship and supported by molecular modeling, a weakly bound fragment was systematically grown into a potent and selective inhibitor against PKC-ι.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Kwiatkowski
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 11 Biopolis Way, Helios #03-10/11 , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | - Boping Liu
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 11 Biopolis Way, Helios #03-10/11 , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | - Doris Hui Ying Tee
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 11 Biopolis Way, Helios #03-10/11 , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | - Guoying Chen
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 11 Biopolis Way, Helios #03-10/11 , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | - Nur Huda Binte Ahmad
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 11 Biopolis Way, Helios #03-10/11 , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | - Yun Xuan Wong
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 11 Biopolis Way, Helios #03-10/11 , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | - Zhi Ying Poh
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 11 Biopolis Way, Helios #03-10/11 , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | - Shi Hua Ang
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 11 Biopolis Way, Helios #03-10/11 , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | - Eldwin Sum Wai Tan
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 11 Biopolis Way, Helios #03-10/11 , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | - Esther Hq Ong
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 11 Biopolis Way, Helios #03-10/11 , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | - Nurul Dinie
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 11 Biopolis Way, Helios #03-10/11 , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | - Anders Poulsen
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 11 Biopolis Way, Helios #03-10/11 , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | - Vishal Pendharkar
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 11 Biopolis Way, Helios #03-10/11 , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | - Kanda Sangthongpitag
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 11 Biopolis Way, Helios #03-10/11 , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | - May Ann Lee
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 11 Biopolis Way, Helios #03-10/11 , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | - Sugunavathi Sepramaniam
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 11 Biopolis Way, Helios #03-10/11 , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | - Soo Yei Ho
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 11 Biopolis Way, Helios #03-10/11 , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | - Joseph Cherian
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 11 Biopolis Way, Helios #03-10/11 , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Hill
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 11 Biopolis Way, Helios #03-10/11 , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | - Thomas H Keller
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 11 Biopolis Way, Helios #03-10/11 , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | - Alvin W Hung
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 11 Biopolis Way, Helios #03-10/11 , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
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15
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Qiu M, Xia W, Chen R, Wang S, Xu Y, Ma Z, Xu W, Zhang E, Wang J, Fang T, Hu J, Dong G, Yin R, Wang J, Xu L. The Circular RNA circPRKCI Promotes Tumor Growth in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2839-2851. [PMID: 29588350 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Somatic copy number variations (CNV) may drive cancer progression through both coding and noncoding transcripts. However, noncoding transcripts resulting from CNV are largely unknown, especially for circular RNAs. By integrating bioinformatics analyses of alerted circRNAs and focal CNV in lung adenocarcinoma, we identify a proto-oncogenic circular RNA (circPRKCI) from the 3q26.2 amplicon, one of the most frequent genomic aberrations in multiple cancers. circPRKCI was overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues, in part due to amplification of the 3q26.2 locus, and promoted proliferation and tumorigenesis of lung adenocarcinoma. circPRKCI functioned as a sponge for both miR-545 and miR-589 and abrogated their suppression of the protumorigenic transcription factor E2F7 Intratumor injection of cholesterol-conjugated siRNA specifically targeting circPRKCI inhibited tumor growth in a patient-derived lung adenocarcinoma xenograft model. In summary, circPRKCI is crucial for tumorigenesis and may serve as a potential therapeutic target in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.Significance: These findings reveal high expression of the circular RNA circPRKCI drives lung adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis. Cancer Res; 78(11); 2839-51. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mantang Qiu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjia Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Chen
- The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Taixing People's Hospital, The Affiliated Taixing Hospital of Yangzhou University, Taixing, China
| | - Siwei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Youtao Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhifei Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weizhang Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Erbao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
- Department of Scientific Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Fang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Jingling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingwen Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gaochao Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
- Department of Scientific Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, China.
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16
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Lin DC, Wang MR, Koeffler HP. Genomic and Epigenomic Aberrations in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Implications for Patients. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:374-389. [PMID: 28757263 PMCID: PMC5951382 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common malignancy without effective therapy. The exomes of more than 600 ESCCs have been sequenced in the past 4 years, and numerous key aberrations have been identified. Recently, researchers reported both inter- and intratumor heterogeneity. Although these are interesting observations, their clinical implications are unclear due to the limited number of samples profiled. Epigenomic alterations, such as changes in DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and RNA editing, also have been observed in ESCCs. However, it is not clear what proportion of ESCC cells carry these epigenomic aberrations or how they contribute to tumor development. We review the genomic and epigenomic characteristics of ESCCs, with a focus on emerging themes. We discuss their clinical implications and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Chen Lin
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Ming-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - H. Phillip Koeffler
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore,National University Cancer Institute, National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore
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17
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Yu Q, Liu Y, Wen C, Zhao Y, Jin S, Hu Y, Wang F, Chen L, Zhang B, Wang W, Zhu Q, Guo R. MicroRNA-1 inhibits tumorigenicity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and enhances sensitivity to gefitinib. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:963-971. [PMID: 29399158 PMCID: PMC5772756 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of microRNAs in various types of human cancer promote or suppress oncogenesis. MicroRNA (miR)-1 was previously revealed to function as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer cells, and its expression was associated with reduced metastatic potential in lung cancer. The present study investigated the role of miR-1 and its association with phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit α (PIK3CA) in the pathophysiology of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and analyzed the effects of miR-1 inhibitor or mimics on sensitivity to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, the alterations of cell cycle distribution and apoptosis in ESCC cells. Compared with normal tissues, the level of miR-1 expression was significantly lower and PIK3CA expression was higher in ESCC tissues. The level of miR-1 expression was also inversely associated with the level of PIK3CA mRNA expression. Low miR-1 and high PIK3CA expression levels were strongly associated with lymph node metastasis, and the level of miR-1 expression was negatively associated with clinical Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage. Furthermore, exogenous expression of miR-1 inhibited growth, arrested cell cycle in the G1 phase and increased apoptosis in ESCC cells, whereas it decreased PIK3CA protein expression levels. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-1 increased the sensitivity of ESCC cells to the anticancer drug, gefitinib. A possible mechanism for this increased sensitivity to gefitinib may be inactivation of the PIK3CA signaling pathway. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the results of the present study demonstrated that miR-1 upregulation may be a potential strategy for the treatment of human ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yiqian Liu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Chengcai Wen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huai'an Second People's Hospital and The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, P.R. China
| | - Yongzhao Zhao
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Shidai Jin
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Youfang Hu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Quan Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Renhua Guo
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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18
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Gao B, Yu T, Xue D, Sun B, Shao Q, Choudhry H, Marcus V, Ragoussis J, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Gao ZH. A multidimensional integration analysis reveals potential bridging targets in the process of colorectal cancer liver metastasis. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28628609 PMCID: PMC5476238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 9% of cancer-related deaths are caused by colorectal cancer. Liver metastasis is a major factor for the high colorectal cancer mortality rate. However, the molecular mechanism underlying colorectal cancer liver metastasis remains unclear. Using a global and multidimensional integration approach, we studied sequencing data, protein-protein interactions, and regulation of transcription factor and non-coding RNAs in primary tumor samples and liver metastasis samples to unveil the potential bridging molecules and the regulators that functionally link different stages of colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Primary tumor samples and liver metastasis samples had modules with significant overlap and crosstalk from which we identified several bridging genes (e.g. KNG1 and COX5B), transcription factors (e.g. E2F4 and CDX2), microRNAs (e.g. miR-590-3p and miR-203) and lncRNAs (e.g. lincIRX5 and lincFOXF1) that may play an important role in the process of colorectal cancer liver metastasis. This study enhances our understanding of the genetic alterations and transcriptional regulation that drive the metastatic process, but also provides the methodology to guide the studies on other metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pathology, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tian Yu
- Section of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation, Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Dongbo Xue
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Boshi Sun
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qin Shao
- Department of Pathology, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Victoria Marcus
- Department of Pathology, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jiannis Ragoussis
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yuguo Zhang
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weihui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zu-hua Gao
- Department of Pathology, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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19
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Prêtre V, Wicki A. Inhibition of Akt and other AGC kinases: A target for clinical cancer therapy? Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 48:70-77. [PMID: 28473255 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AGC kinases have been identified to contribute to cancer development and progression. Currently, most AGC inhibitors in clinical development are Akt inhibitors such as MK-2206 or GDC-0068, which are known to promote cell growth arrest and to sensitize cancer cells to radiotherapy. Response rates in clinical trials with single agent Akt inhibitors are typically low. The observed adverse events are within the expected limits for compounds inhibiting the PI3K-mTOR axis. Preclinical and early clinical data for combination therapies are accumulating. Based on these data, several Akt inhibitors are about to enter phase 3 trials. Besides drugs that target Akt, p70S6K inhibitors have entered clinical development. Again, the response rates were rather low. In addition, relevant toxicities were identified, including a risk for coagulopathies with these compounds. Multi-AGC kinase inhibitors are also in early clinical development but the data is not sufficient yet to draw conclusions regarding their efficacy and side-effect profile. PKC inhibitors have been tested in the phase 3 setting but were found to lack efficacy. More trials with isoform-specific PKC inhibitors are expected. Taken together, therapies with AGC kinase inhibitors as single agents are unlikely to meet success. However, combination therapies and a precise stratification of patients according to the activation of signaling axes may increase the probability to see relevant efficacy with these compounds. The emergence of onco-immunotherapies holds some new challenges for these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Prêtre
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Wicki
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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20
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Nariman-Saleh-Fam Z, Bastami M, Somi MH, Samadi N, Abbaszadegan MR, Behjati F, Ghaedi H, Tavakkoly-Bazzaz J, Masotti A. In silico dissection of miRNA targetome polymorphisms and their role in regulating miRNA-mediated gene expression in esophageal cancer. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 74:483-497. [PMID: 27518186 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-016-0754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer worldwide. Also middle-aged obese adults with higher body mass index during childhood have a greater risk to develop esophageal cancer. The contribution of microRNAs to esophageal cancer has been extensively studied and it became clear that these noncoding RNAs may play crucial roles in pathogenesis, diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. Increasing evidences have suggested that polymorphisms perturbing microRNA targetome (i.e., the compendium of all microRNA target sites) are associated with cancers including esophageal cancer. However, the extent to which such variants contribute to esophageal cancer is still unclear. In this study, we applied an in silico approach to systematically identify polymorphisms perturbing microRNA targetome in esophageal cancer and performed various analyses to predict the functional consequences of the occurrence of these variants. The computational results were integrated to provide a prioritized list of the most potentially disrupting esophageal cancer-implicated microRNA targetome polymorphisms along with the in silico insight into the mechanisms with which such variations may modulate microRNA-mediated regulation. The results of this study will be valuable for future functional experiments aimed at dissecting the roles of microRNA targetome polymorphisms in the onset and progression of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziba Nariman-Saleh-Fam
- Medical Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Bastami
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Naser Samadi
- Faculty of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Division of Human Genetics, Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9196773117, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Behjati
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ghaedi
- Medical Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Tavakkoly-Bazzaz
- Medical Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Gene Expression - Microarrays Laboratory, Viale di San Paolo 15, Rome, 00146, Italy.
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21
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Tan H, Wang X, Yang X, Li H, Liu B, Pan P. Oncogenic role of epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:2088-2094. [PMID: 27698697 PMCID: PMC5038344 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma, which is the most common non-small cell lung cancer, is the leading cause of death from cancer worldwide. Epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 (ECT2) is frequently upregulated and acts as an oncogene in various human cancers. In addition, ECT2 was reported to be upregulated in early stage lung adenocarcinoma. However, the detailed role of ECT2 in mediating the malignant phenotypes of lung adenocarcinoma cells has not previously been elucidated. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to examine ECT2 mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively. MTT, wound healing and Transwell assays were conducted to determine cell proliferation, migration and invasion abilities, respectively. In the present study, ECT2 was significantly upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (H650, EKVX, HCC4006, HCC827, HCC2935, Hop62 and A549), as compared with a normal lung epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B). Moreover, knockdown of ECT2, induced by transfection with ECT2 siRNA, significantly inhibited the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, whereas overexpression of ECT2 enhanced A549 cell proliferation. Furthermore, knockdown of ECT2 expression suppressed the migration and invasion of A549 cells, whereas overexpression of ECT2 enhanced the migration and invasion abilities of A549 cells. Notably, inhibition of ECT2 also suppressed the expression levels of N-cadherin and vimentin, whereas it enhanced the expression level of E-cadherin, indicating that ECT2 is associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in A549 cells. On the contrary, overexpression of ECT2 enhanced the expression levels of N-cadherin and vimentin, whereas it reduced the expression level of E-cadherin in A549 cells. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that ECT2 has an oncogenic role in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Therefore, ECT2 may be a potential novel target for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Tan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410015, P.R. China
| | - Xiaogang Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410015, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Ben Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Pinhua Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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22
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Phillips E, Lang V, Bohlen J, Bethke F, Puccio L, Tichy D, Herold-Mende C, Hielscher T, Lichter P, Goidts V. Targeting atypical protein kinase C iota reduces viability in glioblastoma stem-like cellsviaa notch signaling mechanism. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1776-87. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Phillips
- DKFZ Junior Group Brain Tumor Translational Targets, German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Verena Lang
- Division of Molecular Genetics; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jonathan Bohlen
- Division of Molecular Genetics; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frederic Bethke
- DKFZ Junior Group Brain Tumor Translational Targets, German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Laura Puccio
- DKFZ Junior Group Brain Tumor Translational Targets, German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Diana Tichy
- Division of Biostatistics; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery; University of Heidelberg; Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery; University of Heidelberg; Germany
| | - Thomas Hielscher
- Division of Biostatistics; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Peter Lichter
- DKFZ Junior Group Brain Tumor Translational Targets, German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Violaine Goidts
- DKFZ Junior Group Brain Tumor Translational Targets, German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
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23
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La-Touche S, Lemetre C, Lambros M, Stankiewicz E, Ng CKY, Weigelt B, Rajab R, Tinwell B, Corbishley C, Watkin N, Berney D, Reis-Filho JS. DNA Copy Number Aberrations, and Human Papillomavirus Status in Penile Carcinoma. Clinico-Pathological Correlations and Potential Driver Genes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146740. [PMID: 26901676 PMCID: PMC4763861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Penile squamous cell carcinoma is a rare disease, in which somatic genetic aberrations have yet to be characterized. We hypothesized that gene copy aberrations might correlate with human papillomavirus status and clinico-pathological features. We sought to determine the spectrum of gene copy number aberrations in a large series of PSCCs and to define their correlations with human papillomavirus, histopathological subtype, and tumor grade, stage and lymph node status. Seventy formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded penile squamous cell carcinomas were centrally reviewed by expert uropathologists. DNA was extracted from micro-dissected samples, subjected to PCR-based human papillomavirus assessment and genotyping (INNO-LiPA human papillomavirus Genotyping Extra Assay) and microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization using a 32K Bacterial Artificial Chromosome array platform. Sixty-four samples yielded interpretable results. Recurrent gains were observed in chromosomes 1p13.3-q44 (88%), 3p12.3-q29 (86%), 5p15.33-p11 (67%) and 8p12-q24.3 (84%). Amplifications of 5p15.33-p11 and 11p14.1-p12 were found in seven (11%) and four (6%) cases, respectively. Losses were observed in chromosomes 2q33-q37.3 (86%), 3p26.3-q11.1 (83%) and 11q12.2-q25 (81%). Although many losses and gains were similar throughout the cohort, there were small significant differences observed at specific loci, between human papillomavirus positive and negative tumors, between tumor types, and tumor grade and nodal status. These results demonstrate that despite the diversity of genetic aberrations in penile squamous cell carcinomas, there are significant correlations between the clinico-pathological data and the genetic changes that may play a role in disease natural history and progression and highlight potential driver genes, which may feature in molecular pathways for existing therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah La-Touche
- Bart's Cancer Institute, Centre for Molecular Oncology, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse square, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Christophe Lemetre
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Maryou Lambros
- Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elzbieta Stankiewicz
- Bart's Cancer Institute, Centre for Molecular Oncology, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte K. Y. Ng
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ramzi Rajab
- St George’s Hospital, Tooting, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Nick Watkin
- St George’s Hospital, Tooting, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Berney
- Bart's Cancer Institute, Centre for Molecular Oncology, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge S. Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
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24
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Cheng C, Cui H, Zhang L, Jia Z, Song B, Wang F, Li Y, Liu J, Kong P, Shi R, Bi Y, Yang B, Wang J, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Hu X, Yang J, He C, Zhao Z, Wang J, Xi Y, Xu E, Li G, Guo S, Chen Y, Yang X, Chen X, Liang J, Guo J, Cheng X, Wang C, Zhan Q, Cui Y. Genomic analyses reveal FAM84B and the NOTCH pathway are associated with the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Gigascience 2016; 5:1. [PMID: 26759717 PMCID: PMC4709967 DOI: 10.1186/s13742-015-0107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the sixth most lethal cancer worldwide and the fourth most lethal cancer in China. Genomic characterization of tumors, particularly those of different stages, is likely to reveal additional oncogenic mechanisms. Although copy number alterations and somatic point mutations associated with the development of ESCC have been identified by array-based technologies and genome-wide studies, the genomic characterization of ESCCs from different stages of the disease has not been explored. Here, we have performed either whole-genome sequencing or whole-exome sequencing on 51 stage I and 53 stage III ESCC patients to characterize the genomic alterations that occur during the various clinical stages of ESCC, and further validated these changes in 36 atypical hyperplasia samples. RESULTS Recurrent somatic amplifications at 8q were found to be enriched in stage I tumors and the deletions of 4p-q and 5q were particularly identified in stage III tumors. In particular, the FAM84B gene was amplified and overexpressed in preclinical and ESCC tumors. Knockdown of FAM84B in ESCC cell lines significantly reduced in vitro cell growth, migration and invasion. Although the cancer-associated genes TP53, PIK3CA, CDKN2A and their pathways showed no significant difference between stage I and stage III tumors, we identified and validated a prevalence of mutations in NOTCH1 and in the NOTCH pathway that indicate that they are involved in the preclinical and early stages of ESCC. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that FAM84B and the NOTCH pathway are involved in the progression of ESCC and may be potential diagnostic targets for ESCC susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Cheng
- />Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
- />Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
- />Department of Pathology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
| | - Heyang Cui
- />Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
- />Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
| | - Ling Zhang
- />Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
- />Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
| | - Zhiwu Jia
- />Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
- />Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
| | - Bin Song
- />Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
- />Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
- />Department of Oncology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
| | - Fang Wang
- />Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
- />Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
| | - Yaoping Li
- />Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
- />Department of Tumor Surgery, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
| | - Jing Liu
- />Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
- />Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
| | - Pengzhou Kong
- />Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
- />Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
| | - Ruyi Shi
- />Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
- />Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
| | - Yanghui Bi
- />Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
- />Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
| | - Bin Yang
- />Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
- />Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
- />Department of Tumor Surgery, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
| | - Juan Wang
- />Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
- />Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
| | - Zhenxiang Zhao
- />Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
- />Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- />Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
- />Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- />Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
- />Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
| | - Jie Yang
- />Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
- />Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
| | - Chanting He
- />Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
- />Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
| | - Zhiping Zhao
- />Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
- />Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
| | - Jinfen Wang
- />Department of Pathology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
| | - Yanfeng Xi
- />Department of Pathology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
| | - Enwei Xu
- />Department of Pathology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
| | - Guodong Li
- />Department of Pathology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
| | - Shiping Guo
- />Department of Tumor Surgery, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
| | - Yunqing Chen
- />Department of Tumor Surgery, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- />Department of Urology Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
| | - Xing Chen
- />Department of Endoscopy, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
| | - Jianfang Liang
- />Department of Pathology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
| | - Jiansheng Guo
- />Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
| | - Xiaolong Cheng
- />Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
- />Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
| | - Chuangui Wang
- />Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Qimin Zhan
- />Cancer Institute and Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Yongping Cui
- />Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
- />Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 China
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25
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Fields AP, Justilien V, Murray NR. The chromosome 3q26 OncCassette: A multigenic driver of human cancer. Adv Biol Regul 2015; 60:47-63. [PMID: 26754874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent copy number variations (CNVs) are genetic alterations commonly observed in human tumors. One of the most frequent CNVs in human tumors involves copy number gains (CNGs) at chromosome 3q26, which is estimated to occur in >20% of human tumors. The high prevalence and frequent occurrence of 3q26 CNG suggest that it drives the biology of tumors harboring this genetic alteration. The chromosomal region subject to CNG (the 3q26 amplicon) spans from chromosome 3q26 to q29, a region containing ∼200 protein-encoding genes. The large number of genes within the amplicon makes it difficult to identify relevant oncogenic target(s). Whereas a number of genes in this region have been linked to the transformed phenotype, recent studies indicate a high level of cooperativity among a subset of frequently amplified 3q26 genes. Here we use a novel bioinformatics approach to identify potential driver genes within the recurrent 3q26 amplicon in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Our analysis reveals a set of 35 3q26 amplicon genes that are coordinately amplified and overexpressed in human LSCC tumors, and that also map to a major LSCC susceptibility locus identified on mouse chromosome 3 that is syntenic with human chromosome 3q26. Pathway analysis reveals that 21 of these genes exist within a single predicted network module. Four 3q26 genes, SOX2, ECT2, PRKCI and PI3KCA occupy the hub of this network module and serve as nodal genes around which the network is organized. Integration of available genetic, genomic, biochemical and functional data demonstrates that SOX2, ECT2, PRKCI and PIK3CA are cooperating oncogenes that function within an integrated cell signaling network that drives a highly aggressive, stem-like phenotype in LSCC tumors harboring 3q26 amplification. Based on the high level of genomic, genetic, biochemical and functional integration amongst these 4 3q26 nodal genes, we propose that they are the key oncogenic targets of the 3q26 amplicon and together define a "3q26 OncCassette" that mediates 3q26 CNG-driven tumorigenesis. Genomic analysis indicates that the 3q26 OncCassette also operates in other major tumor types that exhibit frequent 3q26 CNGs, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), ovarian serous cancer and cervical cancer. Finally, we discuss how the 3q26 OncCassette represents a tractable target for development of novel therapeutic intervention strategies that hold promise for improving treatment of 3q26-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan P Fields
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL, United States.
| | - Verline Justilien
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Nicole R Murray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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26
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Cao W, Wu W, Yan M, Tian F, Ma C, Zhang Q, Li X, Han P, Liu Z, Gu J, Biddle FG. Multiple region whole-exome sequencing reveals dramatically evolving intratumor genomic heterogeneity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogenesis 2015; 4:e175. [PMID: 26619400 PMCID: PMC4670960 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2015.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease of genome instability and genomic alterations; now, genomic heterogeneity is rapidly emerging as a defining feature of cancer, both within and between tumors. Motivation for our pilot study of tumor heterogeneity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is that it is not well studied, but the highest incidences of esophageal cancers are found in China and ESCC is the most common type. We profiled the mutations and changes in copy number that were identified by whole-exome sequencing and array-based comparative genomic hybridization in multiple regions within an ESCC from two patients. The average mutational heterogeneity rate was 90% in all regions of the individual tumors in each patient; most somatic point mutations were nonsynonymous substitutions, small Indels occurred in untranslated regions of genes, and copy number alterations varied among multiple regions of a tumor. Independent Sanger sequencing technology confirmed selected gene mutations with more than 88% concordance. Phylogenetic analysis of the somatic mutation frequency demonstrated that multiple, genomically heterogeneous divergent clones evolve and co-exist within a primary ESCC and metastatic subclones result from the dispersal and adaptation of an initially non-metastatic parental clone. Therefore, a single-region sampling will not reflect the evolving architecture of a genomically heterogeneous landscape of mutations in ESCC tumors and the divergent complexity of this genomic heterogeneity among patients will complicate any promise of a simple genetic or epigenetic diagnostic signature in ESCC. We conclude that any potential for informative biomarker discovery in ESCC and targeted personalized therapies will require a deeper understanding of the functional biology of the ontogeny and phylogeny of the tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Cao
- Translational Medical Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - W Wu
- Translational Medical Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, Canada
| | - M Yan
- Medical School, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - F Tian
- Translational Medical Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - C Ma
- Translational Medical Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Translational Medical Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - X Li
- Translational Medical Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - P Han
- Translational Medical Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Z Liu
- Linzhou Cancer Hospital, Linzhou, China
| | - J Gu
- Science and Education Department, Health Bureau of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - F G Biddle
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Archibald A, Al-Masri M, Liew-Spilger A, McCaffrey L. Atypical protein kinase C induces cell transformation by disrupting Hippo/Yap signaling. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:3578-95. [PMID: 26269582 PMCID: PMC4603929 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-05-0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells are major sites of malignant transformation. Atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) isoforms are overexpressed and activated in many cancer types. Using normal, highly polarized epithelial cells (MDCK and NMuMG), we report that aPKC gain of function overcomes contact inhibited growth and is sufficient for a transformed epithelial phenotype. In 2D cultures, aPKC induced cells to grow as stratified epithelia, whereas cells grew as solid spheres of nonpolarized cells in 3D culture. aPKC associated with Mst1/2, which uncoupled Mst1/2 from Lats1/2 and promoted nuclear accumulation of Yap1. Of importance, Yap1 was necessary for aPKC-mediated overgrowth but did not restore cell polarity defects, indicating that the two are separable events. In MDCK cells, Yap1 was sequestered to cell-cell junctions by Amot, and aPKC overexpression resulted in loss of Amot expression and a spindle-like cell phenotype. Reexpression of Amot was sufficient to restore an epithelial cobblestone appearance, Yap1 localization, and growth control. In contrast, the effect of aPKC on Hippo/Yap signaling and overgrowth in NMuMG cells was independent of Amot. Finally, increased expression of aPKC in human cancers strongly correlated with increased nuclear accumulation of Yap1, indicating that the effect of aPKC on transformed growth by deregulating Hippo/Yap1 signaling may be clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Archibald
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Maia Al-Masri
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Alyson Liew-Spilger
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Luke McCaffrey
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
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Li Q, Gu C, Zhu Y, Wang M, Yang Y, Wang J, Jin L, Zhu ML, Shi TY, He J, Ye D, Wei Q. Two novel PRKCI polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk in an Eastern Chinese Han population. Mol Carcinog 2015; 54:632-41. [PMID: 24510606 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The atypical protein kinase C (aPKCι), encoded by the PRKCI gene, has been recently found to be a unique human oncoprotein, compared with some other diverse PKC isozymes. Genetic variations in PRKCI have also been reported to be associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk in Caucasian populations, but no similar studies have been reported for Chinese populations. We genotyped two well-described PRKCI single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs546950 and rs4955720 in 1015 PCa patients and 1044 cancer-free controls of Eastern Chinese men. SNPs in the vicinity of those two variants of PRKCI were evaluated using the in silico analysis. Logistic regression was then used to estimate their associations with and interactions in PCa risk. Although no significant main effects were found for the two tested SNPs in the single locus analysis, individuals carrying homozygote wide-type form of these two SNPs had slightly reduced PCa risk (adjusted OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.40-0.99, P = 0.045), compared with those carrying any of heterozygous or homozygous variant genotypes. Our results indicated that the two PRKCI SNPs were jointly associated with PCa risk in an Eastern Chinese population. Larger studies with multiethnic groups are warranted to confirm these findings and to explore the role of PRKCI SNPs in the etiology of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxin Li
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyuan Gu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyun Wang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Jin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhu
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Yan Shi
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing He
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Lin WH, Asmann YW, Anastasiadis PZ. Expression of polarity genes in human cancer. Cancer Inform 2015; 14:15-28. [PMID: 25991909 PMCID: PMC4390136 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s18964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polarity protein complexes are crucial for epithelial apical–basal polarity and directed cell migration. Since alterations of these processes are common in cancer, polarity proteins have been proposed to function as tumor suppressors or oncogenic promoters. Here, we review the current understanding of polarity protein functions in epithelial homeostasis, as well as tumor formation and progression. As most previous studies focused on the function of single polarity proteins in simplified model systems, we used a genomics approach to systematically examine and identify the expression profiles of polarity genes in human cancer. The expression profiles of polarity genes were distinct in different human tissues and classified cancer types. Additionally, polarity expression profiles correlated with disease progression and aggressiveness, as well as with identified cancer types, where specific polarity genes were commonly altered. In the case of Scribble, gene expression analysis indicated its common amplification and upregulation in human cancer, suggesting a tumor promoting function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hsin Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yan W Asmann
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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30
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Mendez P, Ramirez JL. Copy number gains of FGFR1 and 3q chromosome in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2015; 2:101-11. [PMID: 25806221 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2013.03.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (SQCCL) remains a leading cause of cancer-related death. Unlike non-smoker adenocarcinoma of the lung, where highly efficient tyrosine kinase inhibitors are available for treating mutant EGFR or ALK-rearranged, no targetable biomarkers are available for SQCCL. The frequent and focal amplification of FGFR1 has generated great expectations in offering new therapeutical options in case of 16-22% of SQCCL patients. Broad 3q chromosome amplification is widely recognized as the most common chromosomal aberration found in SQCCL, where PIK3CA, SOX2, ACK1, PRKCI, TP63, PLD1, ECT2, and others genes are located. Although SOX2 has been postulated as a key regulator of basal stem cells transformation and tumor progression, it seems to confer a good prognosis in SQCCL. It is known that each patient might carry a different length of 3q chromosome amplicon. Thus, we suggest that the number and the biological importance of the genes spanned along each patient's 3q amplicon might help to explain inter-individual outcome variations of the disease and its potential predictive value, especially when relevant oncogenes such as those mentioned above are implicated. Currently, there is no clinical predictive data available from clinical trials. In this review, we have focused on the potential role of FGFR1 in SQCCL prognosis. Additionally, we have explored recently available public data on the comprehensive genomic characterization of SQCCL, in relation to the protein-coding genes that have a strong gene copy number - mRNA correlation in 3q chromosome, that were previously described as potential driver oncogenes or its modifiers in SQCCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mendez
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain ; ; Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Ramirez
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain ; ; Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
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Xie J, Lei P, Hu Y. Small interfering RNA-induced inhibition of epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 suppresses the proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:1881-1886. [PMID: 26136909 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant tumor in bones. Although the five-year survival rate has improved to ∼60% for patients without metastasis, the prognosis remains poor for patients with metastatic OS. Epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 (ECT2) has been shown to act as an oncogene in human malignancies. More recently, ETC2 was shown to be involved in the development and progression of OS; however, the detailed role of ECT2 in the regulation of cellular biological processes in OS cells remains largely unknown. Therefore, it was investigated in the present study. It was found that the expression of ECT2 was notably increased in OS tissues when compared with that in matched normal adjacent tissues. Furthermore, it was established that the downregulation of ECT2 induced by transfection with ECT2-specific small interfering RNA effectively inhibited OS cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. Further investigation revealed that the inhibition of ECT2 expression suppressed OS cell migration and invasion, indicating that the overexpression of ECT2 promotes OS cell migration and invasion, while. In addition, western blotting results indicated that matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 may be involved in the ECT2-mediated OS cell invasion. In conclusion, the current study suggested that ECT2 acted as an oncogene in OS, and it may become a promising therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Lei
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yihe Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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32
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Shang L, Liu HJ, Hao JJ, Jiang YY, Shi F, Zhang Y, Cai Y, Xu X, Jia XM, Zhan QM, Wang MR. A panel of overexpressed proteins for prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111045. [PMID: 25337715 PMCID: PMC4206450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common cancer with poor prognosis. In order to identify useful biomarkers for accurately classifying prognostic risks for ESCC patients, we examined the expression of six proteins by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 590 paraffin-embedded ESCC samples. The candidate proteins include p53, EGFR, c-KIT, TIMP1 and PI3K-p110α reported to be altered in ESCC tissues as well as another important component of PI3K, PI3K-p85α. Of the six proteins tested, p53, EGFR, c-KIT, TIMP1 and PI3K-p85α were detected with high expression in 43.0%, 36.6%, 55.9%, 70.7% and 57.1% of tumors, respectively. Significant associations were found between high expression of PI3K-p85α, EGFR and p53 and poor prognosis (P = 0.00111; 0.00001; 0.00426). Applying these three proteins as an IHC panel could divide patients into different subgroups (P<0.000001). Multivariate cox regression analysis indicated that the three-protein panel was an independent prognostic factor with very high statistical significance (HR = 2.090, 95% CI: 1.621–2.696, P = 0.00000001). The data suggest that the three-protein panel of PI3K-p85α, EGFR and p53 is an important candidate biomarker for the prognosis of patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Juan Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jia-Jie Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Yi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Mei Jia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qi-Min Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Findlay JM, Middleton MR, Tomlinson I. A systematic review and meta-analysis of somatic and germline DNA sequence biomarkers of esophageal cancer survival, therapy response and stage. Ann Oncol 2014; 26:624-644. [PMID: 25214541 PMCID: PMC4374384 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in next generation sequencing reinforce the potential for DNA sequence markers to guide esophageal cancer management. We report the first systematic review and meta-analysis, identifying 94 markers of outcome and 41 of stage. Overall, evidence was poor. Meta-analyses demonstrated outcome associations for 6 tumor and 9 germline variants: priorities for prospective evaluation. Introduction There is an urgent need for biomarkers to help predict prognosis and guide management of esophageal cancer. This review identifies, evaluates and meta-analyses the evidence for reported somatic and germline DNA sequence biomarkers of outcome and stage. Methods A systematic review was carried out of the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases (20 August 2014), in conjunction with the ASCO Level of Evidence scale for biomarker research. Meta-analyses were carried out for all reported markers associated with outcome measures by more than one study. Results Four thousand and four articles were identified, 762 retrieved and 182 studies included. There were 65 reported markers of survival or recurrence 12 (18.5%) were excluded due to multiple comparisons. Following meta-analysis, significant associations were seen for six tumor variants (mutant TP53 and PIK3CA, copy number gain of ERBB2/HER2, CCND1 and FGF3, and chromosomal instability/ploidy) and seven germline polymorphisms: ERCC1 rs3212986, ERCC2 rs1799793, TP53 rs1042522, MDM2 rs2279744, TYMS rs34743033, ABCB1 rs1045642 and MTHFR rs1801133. Twelve germline markers of treatment complications were reported; 10 were excluded. Two tumor and 15 germline markers (11 excluded) of chemo (radio)therapy response were reported. Following meta-analysis, associations were demonstrated for mutant TP53, ERCC1 rs11615 and XRCC1 rs25487. There were 41 tumor/germline reported markers of stage; 27 (65.9%) were excluded. Conclusions Numerous DNA markers of outcome and stage have been reported, yet few are backed by high-quality evidence. Despite this, a small number of variants appear reliable. These merit evaluation in prospective trials, within the context of high-throughput sequencing and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Findlay
- Molecular and Population Genetics, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford; Oxford OesophagoGastric Centre
| | - M R Middleton
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - I Tomlinson
- Molecular and Population Genetics, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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Protein kinase Cι is a new prognostic factor in gastric cancer. Surg Today 2014; 45:759-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00595-014-1010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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35
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Puisieux A, Brabletz T, Caramel J. Oncogenic roles of EMT-inducing transcription factors. Nat Cell Biol 2014; 16:488-94. [PMID: 24875735 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 775] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The plasticity of cancer cells underlies their capacity to adapt to the selective pressures they encounter during tumour development. Aberrant reactivation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an essential embryonic process, can promote cancer cell plasticity and fuel both tumour initiation and metastatic spread. Here we discuss the roles of EMT-inducing transcription factors in creating a pro-tumorigenic setting characterized by an intrinsic ability to withstand oncogenic insults through the mitigation of p53-dependent oncosuppressive functions and the gain of stemness-related properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Puisieux
- Inserm UMR-S1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, ISPB, F-69000 Lyon, France; and Centre Léon Bérard, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany, and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julie Caramel
- Inserm UMR-S1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, ISPB, F-69000 Lyon, France; and Centre Léon Bérard, F-69008 Lyon, France
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Chen Y, McGee J, Chen X, Doman TN, Gong X, Zhang Y, Hamm N, Ma X, Higgs RE, Bhagwat SV, Buchanan S, Peng SB, Staschke KA, Yadav V, Yue Y, Kouros-Mehr H. Identification of druggable cancer driver genes amplified across TCGA datasets. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98293. [PMID: 24874471 PMCID: PMC4038530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) projects have advanced our understanding of the driver mutations, genetic backgrounds, and key pathways activated across cancer types. Analysis of TCGA datasets have mostly focused on somatic mutations and translocations, with less emphasis placed on gene amplifications. Here we describe a bioinformatics screening strategy to identify putative cancer driver genes amplified across TCGA datasets. We carried out GISTIC2 analysis of TCGA datasets spanning 16 cancer subtypes and identified 486 genes that were amplified in two or more datasets. The list was narrowed to 75 cancer-associated genes with potential "druggable" properties. The majority of the genes were localized to 14 amplicons spread across the genome. To identify potential cancer driver genes, we analyzed gene copy number and mRNA expression data from individual patient samples and identified 42 putative cancer driver genes linked to diverse oncogenic processes. Oncogenic activity was further validated by siRNA/shRNA knockdown and by referencing the Project Achilles datasets. The amplified genes represented a number of gene families, including epigenetic regulators, cell cycle-associated genes, DNA damage response/repair genes, metabolic regulators, and genes linked to the Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog, JAK/STAT, NF-KB and MAPK signaling pathways. Among the 42 putative driver genes were known driver genes, such as EGFR, ERBB2 and PIK3CA. Wild-type KRAS was amplified in several cancer types, and KRAS-amplified cancer cell lines were most sensitive to KRAS shRNA, suggesting that KRAS amplification was an independent oncogenic event. A number of MAP kinase adapters were co-amplified with their receptor tyrosine kinases, such as the FGFR adapter FRS2 and the EGFR family adapters GRB2 and GRB7. The ubiquitin-like ligase DCUN1D1 and the histone methyltransferase NSD3 were also identified as novel putative cancer driver genes. We discuss the patient tailoring implications for existing cancer drug targets and we further discuss potential novel opportunities for drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jeremy McGee
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Xianming Chen
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Thompson N. Doman
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Xueqian Gong
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Youyan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Nicole Hamm
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Xiwen Ma
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Richard E. Higgs
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Shripad V. Bhagwat
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Sean Buchanan
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Sheng-Bin Peng
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Kirk A. Staschke
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Vipin Yadav
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Yong Yue
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Hosein Kouros-Mehr
- Department of Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
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Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of phospholipid-dependent serine/threonine kinases, which can be further classified into three PKC isozymes subfamilies: conventional or classic, novel or nonclassic, and atypical. PKC isozymes are known to be involved in cell proliferation, survival, invasion, migration, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. Because of their key roles in cell signaling, PKC isozymes also have the potential to be promising therapeutic targets for several diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, immune and inflammatory diseases, neurological diseases, metabolic disorders, and multiple types of cancer. This review primarily focuses on the activation, mechanism, and function of PKC isozymes during cancer development and progression.
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Paul A, Gunewardena S, Stecklein SR, Saha B, Parelkar N, Danley M, Rajendran G, Home P, Ray S, Jokar I, Vielhauer GA, Jensen RA, Tawfik O, Paul S. PKCλ/ι signaling promotes triple-negative breast cancer growth and metastasis. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1469-81. [PMID: 24786829 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a distinct breast cancer subtype defined by the absence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu), and the patients with TNBC are often diagnosed with higher rates of recurrence and metastasis. Because of the absence of ER, PR and HER2/neu expressions, TNBC patients are insensitive to HER2-directed and endocrine therapies available for breast cancer treatment. Here, we report that expression of atypical protein kinase C isoform, PKCλ/ι, significantly increased and activated in all invasive breast cancer (invasive ductal carcinoma or IDC) subtypes including the TNBC subtype. Because of the lack of targeted therapies for TNBC, we choose to study PKCλ/ι signaling as a potential therapeutic target for TNBC. Our observations indicated that PKCλ/ι signaling is highly active during breast cancer invasive progression, and metastatic breast cancers, the advanced stages of breast cancer disease that developed more frequently in TNBC patients, are also characterized with high levels of PKCλ/ι expression and activation. Functional analysis in experimental mouse models revealed that depletion of PKCλ/ι significantly reduces TNBC growth as well as lung metastatic colonization. Furthermore, we have identified a PKCλ/ι-regulated gene signature consisting of 110 genes, which are significantly associated with indolent to invasive progression of human breast cancer and poor prognosis. Mechanistically, cytokines such as TGFβ and IL1β could activate PKCλ/ι signaling in TNBC cells and depletion of PKCλ/ι impairs NF-κB p65 (RelA) nuclear localization. We observed that cytokine-PKCλ/ι-RelA signaling axis, at least in part, involved in modulating gene expression to regulate invasion of TNBC cells. Overall, our results indicate that induction and activation of PKCλ/ι promote TNBC growth, invasion and metastasis. Thus, targeting PKCλ/ι signaling could be a therapeutic option for breast cancer, including the TNBC subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paul
- 1] The University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA [2] Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - S Gunewardena
- Department of Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - S R Stecklein
- 1] The University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA [2] Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - B Saha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - N Parelkar
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - M Danley
- 1] The University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA [2] Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - G Rajendran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - P Home
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - S Ray
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - I Jokar
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - G A Vielhauer
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - R A Jensen
- 1] The University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA [2] Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - O Tawfik
- 1] The University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA [2] Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - S Paul
- 1] The University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA [2] Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Lin DC, Hao JJ, Nagata Y, Xu L, Shang L, Meng X, Sato Y, Okuno Y, Varela AM, Ding LW, Garg M, Liu LZ, Yang H, Yin D, Shi ZZ, Jiang YY, Gu WY, Gong T, Zhang Y, Xu X, Kalid O, Shacham S, Ogawa S, Wang MR, Koeffler HP. Genomic and molecular characterization of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Genet 2014; 46:467-73. [PMID: 24686850 PMCID: PMC4070589 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 468] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is prevalent worldwide and particularly common in certain regions of Asia. Here we report the whole-exome or targeted deep sequencing of 139 paired ESCC cases, and analysis of somatic copy number variations (SCNV) of over 180 ESCCs. We identified previously uncharacterized mutated genes such as FAT1, FAT2, ZNF750 and KMT2D, in addition to those already known (TP53, PIK3CA and NOTCH1). Further SCNV evaluation, immunohistochemistry and biological analysis suggested their functional relevance in ESCC. Notably, RTK-MAPK-PI3K pathways, cell cycle and epigenetic regulation are frequently dysregulated by multiple molecular mechanisms in this cancer. Our approaches also uncovered many druggable candidates, and XPO1 was further explored as a therapeutic target because it showed both gene mutation and protein overexpression. Our integrated study unmasks a number of novel genetic lesions in ESCC and provides an important molecular foundation for understanding esophageal tumors and developing therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Chen Lin
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia-Jie Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yasunobu Nagata
- Cancer Genomics Project, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Liang Xu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Meng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Cancer Genomics Project, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuno
- Cancer Genomics Project, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ana Maria Varela
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ling-Wen Ding
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manoj Garg
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li-Zhen Liu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dong Yin
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Zhou Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Yi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Yue Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ori Kalid
- Karyopharm Therapeutics, Natick, MA, USA
| | | | - Seishi Ogawa
- Cancer Genomics Project, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - H. Phillip Koeffler
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore
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40
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Rewiring cell polarity signaling in cancer. Oncogene 2014; 34:939-50. [PMID: 24632617 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Disrupted cell polarity is a feature of epithelial cancers. The Crumbs, Par and Scribble polarity complexes function to specify and maintain apical and basolateral membrane domains, which are essential to organize intracellular signaling pathways that maintain epithelial homeostasis. Disruption of apical-basal polarity proteins facilitates rewiring of oncogene and tumor suppressor signaling pathways to deregulate proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis. Moreover, apical-basal polarity integrates intracellular signaling with the microenvironment by regulating metabolic signaling, extracellular matrix remodeling and tissue level organization. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of how polarity proteins regulate diverse signaling pathways throughout cancer progression from initiation to metastasis.
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41
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Parker PJ, Justilien V, Riou P, Linch M, Fields AP. Atypical protein kinase Cι as a human oncogene and therapeutic target. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 88:1-11. [PMID: 24231509 PMCID: PMC3944347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase inhibitors represent a major class of targeted therapeutics that has made a positive impact on treatment of cancer and other disease indications. Among the promising kinase targets for further therapeutic development are members of the Protein Kinase C (PKC) family. The PKCs are central components of many signaling pathways that regulate diverse cellular functions including proliferation, cell cycle, differentiation, survival, cell migration, and polarity. Genetic manipulation of individual PKC isozymes has demonstrated that they often fulfill distinct, nonredundant cellular functions. Participation of PKC members in different intracellular signaling pathways reflects responses to varying extracellular stimuli, intracellular localization, tissue distribution, phosphorylation status, and intermolecular interactions. PKC activity, localization, phosphorylation, and/or expression are often altered in human tumors, and PKC isozymes have been implicated in various aspects of transformation, including uncontrolled proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and resistance to apoptosis. Despite the strong relationship between PKC isozymes and cancer, to date only atypical PKCiota has been shown to function as a bona fide oncogene, and as such is a particularly attractive therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the role of PKCiota in transformation and describe mechanism-based approaches to therapeutically target oncogenic PKCiota signaling in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Parker
- London Research Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK; King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Verline Justilien
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, 45400 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Philippe Riou
- London Research Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Mark Linch
- London Research Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK; Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, UK
| | - Alan P Fields
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, 45400 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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Chatterjee SJ, McCaffrey L. Emerging role of cell polarity proteins in breast cancer progression and metastasis. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2014; 6:15-27. [PMID: 24648766 PMCID: PMC3929326 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s43764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases that frequently exhibits loss of growth control, and disrupted tissue organization and differentiation. Several recent studies indicate that apical–basal polarity provides a tumor-suppressive function, and that disrupting polarity proteins affects many stages of breast cancer progression from initiation through metastasis. In this review we highlight some of the recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which loss of apical–basal polarity deregulates apoptosis, proliferation, and promotes invasion and metastasis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipa June Chatterjee
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Luke McCaffrey
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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43
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Linch M, Sanz-Garcia M, Soriano E, Zhang Y, Riou P, Rosse C, Cameron A, Knowles P, Purkiss A, Kjaer S, McDonald NQ, Parker PJ. A cancer-associated mutation in atypical protein kinase Cι occurs in a substrate-specific recruitment motif. Sci Signal 2013; 6:ra82. [PMID: 24045153 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2004068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2024]
Abstract
Atypical protein kinase Cι (PKCι) has roles in cell growth, cellular polarity, and migration, and its abundance is frequently increased in cancer. We identified a protein interaction surface containing a dibasic motif (RIPR) that bound a distinct subset of PKCι substrates including lethal giant larvae 2 (LLGL2) and myosin X, but not other substrates such as Par3. Further characterization demonstrated that Arg471 in this motif was important for binding to LLGL2, whereas Arg474 was critical for interaction with myosin X, indicating that multiple complexes could be formed through this motif. A somatic mutation of the dibasic motif (R471C) was the most frequent mutation of PKCι in human cancer, and the intact dibasic motif was required for normal polarized epithelial morphogenesis in three-dimensional cysts. Thus, the R471C substitution is a change-of-function mutation acting at this substrate-specific recruitment site to selectively disrupt the polarizing activity of PKCι.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Linch
- 1Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
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44
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Wang BS, Yang Y, Yang H, Liu YZ, Hao JJ, Zhang Y, Shi ZZ, Jia XM, Zhan QM, Wang MR. PKCι counteracts oxidative stress by regulating Hsc70 in an esophageal cancer cell line. Cell Stress Chaperones 2013; 18:359-66. [PMID: 23224638 PMCID: PMC3631091 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-012-0389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a glutathione S-transferase pull-down liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry approach and immunoprecipitation/immunoblot analysis, we found that heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) was involved in the complex formed by atypical protein kinase Cι (PKCι) and LC3 in the esophageal cancer cell line KYSE30. Further study indicated that Hsc70 was targeted by autophagic degradation, and knockdown of PKCι down-regulated Hsc70 by promoting autophagy. PKCι knockdown sensitized cells to oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, whereas forced PKCι expression counteracted the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis via Hsc70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Shi Wang
- />State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Yang Yang
- />State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 China
- />Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hai Yang
- />State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Yi-Zhen Liu
- />State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Jia-Jie Hao
- />State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Yu Zhang
- />State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Zhi-Zhou Shi
- />State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Xue-Mei Jia
- />Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qi-Min Zhan
- />State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Ming-Rong Wang
- />State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021 China
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45
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Kjær S, Linch M, Purkiss A, Kostelecky B, Knowles PP, Rosse C, Riou P, Soudy C, Kaye S, Patel B, Soriano E, Murray-Rust J, Barton C, Dillon C, Roffey J, Parker PJ, McDonald NQ. Adenosine-binding motif mimicry and cellular effects of a thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-based chemical inhibitor of atypical protein kinase C isoenzymes. Biochem J 2013; 451:329-42. [PMID: 23418854 DOI: 10.1042/bj20121871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aPKC [atypical PKC (protein kinase C)] isoforms ι and ζ play crucial roles in the formation and maintenance of cell polarity and represent attractive anti-oncogenic drug targets in Ras-dependent tumours. To date, few isoform-specific chemical biology tools are available to inhibit aPKC catalytic activity. In the present paper, we describe the identification and functional characterization of potent and selective thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-based chemical inhibitors of aPKCs. A crystal structure of human PKCι kinase domain bound to a representative compound, CRT0066854, reveals the basis for potent and selective chemical inhibition. Furthermore, CRT0066854 displaces a crucial Asn-Phe-Asp motif that is part of the adenosine-binding pocket and engages an acidic patch used by arginine-rich PKC substrates. We show that CRT0066854 inhibits the LLGL2 (lethal giant larvae 2) phosphorylation in cell lines and exhibits phenotypic effects in a range of cell-based assays. We conclude that this compound can be used as a chemical tool to modulate aPKC activity in vitro and in vivo and may guide the search for further aPKC-selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svend Kjær
- Structural Biology, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
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46
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Wang BS, Yang Y, Lu HZ, Shang L, Zhang Y, Hao JJ, Shi ZZ, Wang XM, Liu YZ, Zhan QM, Jia XM, Wang MR. Inhibition of atypical protein kinase Cι induces apoptosis through autophagic degradation of β-catenin in esophageal cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2013; 53:514-25. [PMID: 23359356 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Atypical protein kinase Cι (PKCι) has been identified as an oncoprotein in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of PKCι in this disease remain unclear. In the present work, we found that inhibition of PKCι expression by RNAi induced apoptosis via the down-regulation of β-catenin in esophageal cancer cells. Furthermore, we found that PKCι regulated β-catenin in an autophagy dependent way. Since down-regulation of β-catenin induced by knockdown of PKCι could be rescued by autophagy inhibition; knockdown of PKCι activated autophagy and promoted the recruitment of β-catenin into autophagosome. These results suggested that PKCι positively regulated β-catenin through negatively regulated autophagy and depletion of PKCι promoted apoptosis via autophagic degradation of β-catenin in esophageal cancer cells. These data provide new insights into PKCι signaling in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Shi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wang JD, Ma J, Wang FY, Peng LB, Wang X, Shi SS, Ma HH, Lu ZF, Lu GM, Zhou XJ. Amplification of the telomerase RNA component gene as a new genetic marker for disease progression and prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Dis Esophagus 2013; 26:737-45. [PMID: 23317107 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amplification of the human telomerase RNA component (TERC) gene was found in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, its roles in the progression and prognosis of ESCC have not been well understood. The amplification of TERC in normal mucosa, low-grade and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, and invasive ESCC samples were evaluated using a fluorescence in situ hybridization assay. The amplification of TERC invariably occurred in high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive ESCC, partially occurred in low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia specimens, and seldom occurred in normal mucosa. The average signal ratio of TERC to chromosome 3 centromere-specific probe (TERC/CSP3) was 1.00 ± 0.01 (average ± standard deviation) in normal mucosas, 1.01 ± 0.08 in low-grade intraepithelial neoplasias, 1.39 ± 0.26 in high-grade intraepithelial neoplasias, and 1.56 ± 0.41 in invasive ESCC. High TERC/CSP3 ratio was positively associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.005) and advanced tumor stage (P = 0.045). Patients with high amplification of TERC had poor survival (P = 0.01). The amplification of TERC could be used as a new genomic marker for disease progression and prognosis of ESCC. The amplified TERC gene may be a potential therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-D Wang
- Department of Pathology, Clinical School of Medical College of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Department of Digestive Diseases, Clinical School of Medical College of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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48
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Hao JJ, Shi ZZ, Zhao ZX, Zhang Y, Gong T, Li CX, Zhan T, Cai Y, Dong JT, Fu SB, Zhan QM, Wang MR. Characterization of genetic rearrangements in esophageal squamous carcinoma cell lines by a combination of M-FISH and array-CGH: further confirmation of some split genomic regions in primary tumors. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:367. [PMID: 22920630 PMCID: PMC3561653 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chromosomal and genomic aberrations are common features of human cancers. However, chromosomal numerical and structural aberrations, breakpoints and disrupted genes have yet to be identified in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods Using multiplex-fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) and oligo array-based comparative hybridization (array-CGH), we identified aberrations and breakpoints in six ESCC cell lines. Furthermore, we detected recurrent breakpoints in primary tumors by dual-color FISH. Results M-FISH and array-CGH results revealed complex numerical and structural aberrations. Frequent gains occurred at 3q26.33-qter, 5p14.1-p11, 7pter-p12.3, 8q24.13-q24.21, 9q31.1-qter, 11p13-p11, 11q11-q13.4, 17q23.3-qter, 18pter-p11, 19 and 20q13.32-qter. Losses were frequent at 18q21.1-qter. Breakpoints that clustered within 1 or 2 Mb were identified, including 9p21.3, 11q13.3-q13.4, 15q25.3 and 3q28. By dual-color FISH, we observed that several recurrent breakpoint regions in cell lines were also present in ESCC tumors. In particular, breakpoints clustered at 11q13.3-q13.4 were identified in 43.3% (58/134) of ESCC tumors. Both 11q13.3-q13.4 splitting and amplification were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (LNM) (P = 0.004 and 0.022) and advanced stages (P = 0.004 and 0.039). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that only 11q13.3-q13.4 splitting was an independent predictor for LNM (P = 0.026). Conclusions The combination of M-FISH and array-CGH helps produce more accurate karyotypes. Our data provide significant, detailed information for appropriate uses of these ESCC cell lines for cytogenetic and molecular biological studies. The aberrations and breakpoints detected in both the cell lines and primary tumors will contribute to identify affected genes involved in the development and progression of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jie Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
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Guo W, Jiang YG. Current gene expression studies in esophageal carcinoma. Curr Genomics 2011; 10:534-9. [PMID: 20514215 PMCID: PMC2817884 DOI: 10.2174/138920209789503888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Revised: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/30/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal carcinoma is one of the deadliest cancers with highly aggressive potency, ranking as the sixth most common cancer among males and ninth most common cancer among females globally. Due to metastasis and invasion of surrounding tissues in early stage, the 5-year overall survival rate (14%) of esophageal cancer remains poor, even in comparison with the dismal survival rates (4%) from the 1970s. Numerous genes and proteins with abnormal expression and function involve in the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer, but the concrete process remains unclear. Microarray technique has been applied to investigating esophageal cancer. Many gene expression studies have been undertaken to look at the specific patterns of gene transcript levels in esophageal cancer. Human tissues and cell lines were used in these geneprofiling studies and a very valuable and interesting set of data has resulted from various microarray experiments. These expression studies have provided increased understanding of the complex pathological mechanisms involved in esophageal cancer. The eventual goal of microarray is to discover new markers for therapy and to customize therapy based on an individual tumor genetic composition. This review summarized the current state of gene expression profile studies in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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Murray NR, Kalari KR, Fields AP. Protein kinase Cι expression and oncogenic signaling mechanisms in cancer. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:879-87. [PMID: 20945390 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that PKCι is an oncogene and prognostic marker that is frequently targeted for genetic alteration in many major forms of human cancer. Functional data demonstrate that PKCι is required for the transformed phenotype of lung, pancreatic, ovarian, prostate, colon, and brain cancer cells. Future studies will be required to determine whether PKCι is also an oncogene in the many other cancer types that also overexpress PKCι. Studies of PKCι using genetically defined models of tumorigenesis have revealed a critical role for PKCι in multiple stages of tumorigenesis, including tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Recent studies in a genetic model of lung adenocarcinoma suggest a role for PKCι in transformation of lung cancer stem cells. These studies have important implications for the therapeutic use of aurothiomalate (ATM), a highly selective PKCι signaling inhibitor currently undergoing clinical evaluation. Significant progress has been made in determining the molecular mechanisms by which PKCι drives the transformed phenotype, particularly the central role played by the oncogenic PKCι-Par6 complex in transformed growth and invasion, and of several PKCι-dependent survival pathways in chemo-resistance. Future studies will be required to determine the composition and dynamics of the PKCι-Par6 complex, and the mechanisms by which oncogenic signaling through this complex is regulated. Likewise, a better understanding of the critical downstream effectors of PKCι in various human tumor types holds promise for identifying novel prognostic and surrogate markers of oncogenic PKCι activity that may be clinically useful in ongoing clinical trials of ATM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Murray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
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