1
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Katano W, Mori S, Sasaki S, Tajika Y, Tomita K, Takeuchi JK, Koshiba-Takeuchi K. Sall1 and Sall4 cooperatively interact with Myocd and SRF to promote cardiomyocyte proliferation by regulating CDK and cyclin genes. Development 2023; 150:dev201913. [PMID: 38014633 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Sall1 and Sall4 (Sall1/4), zinc-finger transcription factors, are expressed in the progenitors of the second heart field (SHF) and in cardiomyocytes during the early stages of mouse development. To understand the function of Sall1/4 in heart development, we generated heart-specific Sall1/4 functionally inhibited mice by forced expression of the truncated form of Sall4 (ΔSall4) in the heart. The ΔSall4-overexpression mice exhibited a hypoplastic right ventricle and outflow tract, both of which were derived from the SHF, and a thinner ventricular wall. We found that the numbers of proliferative SHF progenitors and cardiomyocytes were reduced in ΔSall4-overexpression mice. RNA-sequencing data showed that Sall1/4 act upstream of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and cyclin genes, and of key transcription factor genes for the development of compact cardiomyocytes, including myocardin (Myocd) and serum response factor (Srf). In addition, ChIP-sequencing and co-immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that Sall4 and Myocd form a transcriptional complex with SRF, and directly bind to the upstream regulatory regions of the CDK and cyclin genes (Cdk1 and Ccnb1). These results suggest that Sall1/4 are critical for the proliferation of cardiac cells via regulation of CDK and cyclin genes that interact with Myocd and SRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Katano
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Shunta Mori
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Applied Biosciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Shun Sasaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Yuki Tajika
- Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
- Department of Radiological Technology, Gunma Prefectural College of Health Sciences, 323-1, Kamioki-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0052, Japan
| | - Koichi Tomita
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Jun K Takeuchi
- Department of Bio-informational Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuko Koshiba-Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Applied Biosciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
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2
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Barish S, Berg K, Drozd J, Berglund-Brown I, Khizir L, Wasson LK, Seidman CE, Seidman JG, Chen S, Brueckner M. The H2Bub1-deposition complex is required for human and mouse cardiogenesis. Development 2023; 150:dev201899. [PMID: 38038666 PMCID: PMC10730087 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
De novo variants affecting monoubiquitylation of histone H2B (H2Bub1) are enriched in human congenital heart disease. H2Bub1 is required in stem cell differentiation, cilia function, post-natal cardiomyocyte maturation and transcriptional elongation. However, how H2Bub1 affects cardiogenesis is unknown. We show that the H2Bub1-deposition complex (RNF20-RNF40-UBE2B) is required for mouse cardiogenesis and for differentiation of human iPSCs into cardiomyocytes. Mice with cardiac-specific Rnf20 deletion are embryonic lethal and have abnormal myocardium. We then analyzed H2Bub1 marks during differentiation of human iPSCs into cardiomyocytes. H2Bub1 is erased from most genes at the transition from cardiac mesoderm to cardiac progenitor cells but is preserved on a subset of long cardiac-specific genes. When H2Bub1 is reduced in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, long cardiac-specific genes have fewer full-length transcripts. This correlates with H2Bub1 accumulation near the center of these genes. H2Bub1 accumulation near the center of tissue-specific genes was also observed in embryonic fibroblasts and fetal osteoblasts. In summary, we show that normal H2Bub1 distribution is required for cardiogenesis and cardiomyocyte differentiation, and suggest that H2Bub1 regulates tissue-specific gene expression by increasing the amount of full-length transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syndi Barish
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kathryn Berg
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jeffrey Drozd
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Isabella Berglund-Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Labeeqa Khizir
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Lauren K. Wasson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christine E. Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Sidi Chen
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Martina Brueckner
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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3
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Luo H, Yang Z, Li J, Jin H, Jiang M, Shan C. Deletion of PDK 1 Caused Cardiac Malmorphogenesis and Heart Defects Due to Profound Protein Phosphorylation Changes Mediated by SHP 2. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023; 16:1220-1231. [PMID: 36988860 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1), a master kinase and involved in multiple signaling transduction, participates in regulating embryonic cardiac development and postnatal cardiac remodeling. Germline PDK1 knockout mice displayed no heart development; in this article, we deleted PDK1 in heart tissue with different cre to characterize the temporospatial features and find the relevance with congenital heart disease(CHD), furthermore to investigate the underlying mechanism. Knocking out PDK1 with Nkx2.5-cre, the heart showed prominent pulmonic stenosis. Ablated PDK1 with Mef2cSHF-cre, the second heart field (SHF) exhibited severe hypoplasia. And deleted PDK1 with αMHC-cre, the mice displayed dilated heart disease, protein analysis indicated PI3K and ERK were activated; meanwhile, PDK1-AKT-GSK3, and S6K-S6 were disrupted; phosphorylation level of Akt473, S6k421/424, and Gsk3α21 enhanced; however, Akt308, S6k389, and Gsk3β9 decreased. In mechanism investigation, we found SHP2 membrane localization and phosphorylation level of SHP2542 elevated, which suggested SHP2 likely mediated the disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Luo
- Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Dongguan, 523808, China.
- Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210028, China.
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Jie Li
- Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Hengwei Jin
- Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Mingyang Jiang
- Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Congjia Shan
- Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210028, China
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4
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Steinhart MR, van der Valk WH, Osorio D, Serdy SA, Zhang J, Nist-Lund C, Kim J, Moncada-Reid C, Sun L, Lee J, Koehler KR. Mapping oto-pharyngeal development in a human inner ear organoid model. Development 2023; 150:dev201871. [PMID: 37796037 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Inner ear development requires the coordination of cell types from distinct epithelial, mesenchymal and neuronal lineages. Although we have learned much from animal models, many details about human inner ear development remain elusive. We recently developed an in vitro model of human inner ear organogenesis using pluripotent stem cells in a 3D culture, fostering the growth of a sensorineural circuit, including hair cells and neurons. Despite previously characterizing some cell types, many remain undefined. This study aimed to chart the in vitro development timeline of the inner ear organoid to understand the mechanisms at play. Using single-cell RNA sequencing at ten stages during the first 36 days of differentiation, we tracked the evolution from pluripotency to various ear cell types after exposure to specific signaling modulators. Our findings showcase gene expression that influences differentiation, identifying a plethora of ectodermal and mesenchymal cell types. We also discern aspects of the organoid model consistent with in vivo development, while highlighting potential discrepancies. Our study establishes the Inner Ear Organoid Developmental Atlas (IODA), offering deeper insights into human biology and improving inner ear tissue differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Steinhart
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Wouter H van der Valk
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- OtoBiology Leiden, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel Osorio
- Research Computing, Department of Information Technology; Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sara A Serdy
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carl Nist-Lund
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jin Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cynthia Moncada-Reid
- Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology (SHBT) Graduate Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Liang Sun
- Research Computing, Department of Information Technology; Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jiyoon Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Karl R Koehler
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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5
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Liu N, Kawahira N, Nakashima Y, Nakano H, Iwase A, Uchijima Y, Wang M, Wu SM, Minamisawa S, Kurihara H, Nakano A. Notch and retinoic acid signals regulate macrophage formation from endocardium downstream of Nkx2-5. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5398. [PMID: 37669937 PMCID: PMC10480477 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic progenitors are enriched in the endocardial cushion and contribute, in a Nkx2-5-dependent manner, to tissue macrophages required for the remodeling of cardiac valves and septa. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of endocardial-hematopoietic transition. In the current study, we identified the regulatory network of endocardial hematopoiesis. Signal network analysis from scRNA-seq datasets revealed that genes in Notch and retinoic acid (RA) signaling are significantly downregulated in Nkx2-5-null endocardial cells. In vivo and ex vivo analyses validate that the Nkx2-5-Notch axis is essential for the generation of both hemogenic and cushion endocardial cells, and the suppression of RA signaling via Dhrs3 expression plays important roles in further differentiation into macrophages. Genetic ablation study revealed that these macrophages are essential in cardiac valve remodeling. In summary, the study demonstrates that the Nkx2-5/Notch/RA signaling plays a pivotal role in macrophage differentiation from hematopoietic progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norika Liu
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology, Tokyo, Japan
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Naofumi Kawahira
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Haruko Nakano
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Akiyasu Iwase
- University of Tokyo, Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Uchijima
- University of Tokyo, Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mei Wang
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sean M Wu
- Stanford University, Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Susumu Minamisawa
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurihara
- University of Tokyo, Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakano
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology, Tokyo, Japan.
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Los Angeles, USA.
- University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Los Angeles, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
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6
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Paredes A, Justo-Méndez R, Jiménez-Blasco D, Núñez V, Calero I, Villalba-Orero M, Alegre-Martí A, Fischer T, Gradillas A, Sant'Anna VAR, Were F, Huang Z, Hernansanz-Agustín P, Contreras C, Martínez F, Camafeita E, Vázquez J, Ruiz-Cabello J, Area-Gómez E, Sánchez-Cabo F, Treuter E, Bolaños JP, Estébanez-Perpiñá E, Rupérez FJ, Barbas C, Enríquez JA, Ricote M. γ-Linolenic acid in maternal milk drives cardiac metabolic maturation. Nature 2023; 618:365-373. [PMID: 37225978 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Birth presents a metabolic challenge to cardiomyocytes as they reshape fuel preference from glucose to fatty acids for postnatal energy production1,2. This adaptation is triggered in part by post-partum environmental changes3, but the molecules orchestrating cardiomyocyte maturation remain unknown. Here we show that this transition is coordinated by maternally supplied γ-linolenic acid (GLA), an 18:3 omega-6 fatty acid enriched in the maternal milk. GLA binds and activates retinoid X receptors4 (RXRs), ligand-regulated transcription factors that are expressed in cardiomyocytes from embryonic stages. Multifaceted genome-wide analysis revealed that the lack of RXR in embryonic cardiomyocytes caused an aberrant chromatin landscape that prevented the induction of an RXR-dependent gene expression signature controlling mitochondrial fatty acid homeostasis. The ensuing defective metabolic transition featured blunted mitochondrial lipid-derived energy production and enhanced glucose consumption, leading to perinatal cardiac dysfunction and death. Finally, GLA supplementation induced RXR-dependent expression of the mitochondrial fatty acid homeostasis signature in cardiomyocytes, both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our study identifies the GLA-RXR axis as a key transcriptional regulatory mechanism underlying the maternal control of perinatal cardiac metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paredes
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Justo-Méndez
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Jiménez-Blasco
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Núñez
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Calero
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Villalba-Orero
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Alegre-Martí
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) of the University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thierry Fischer
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB/CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Gradillas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Felipe Were
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Zhiqiang Huang
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Pablo Hernansanz-Agustín
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Contreras
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martínez
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Camafeita
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Proteomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Proteomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ruiz-Cabello
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Area-Gómez
- Departament of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Campus, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fátima Sánchez-Cabo
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eckardt Treuter
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Juan Pedro Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Estébanez-Perpiñá
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) of the University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Rupérez
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Enríquez
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ricote
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Alcalde M, Toro R, Bonet F, Córdoba-Caballero J, Martínez-Barrios E, Ranea JA, Vallverdú-Prats M, Brugada R, Meraviglia V, Bellin M, Sarquella-Brugada G, Campuzano O. Role of MicroRNAs in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: translation as biomarkers into clinical practice. Transl Res 2023:S1931-5244(23)00070-1. [PMID: 37105319 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy is a rare inherited entity, characterized by a progressive fibro-fatty replacement of the myocardium. It leads to malignant arrhythmias and a high risk of sudden cardiac death. Incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity are hallmarks of this arrhythmogenic cardiac disease, where the first manifestation may be syncope and sudden cardiac death, often triggered by physical exercise. Early identification of individuals at risk is crucial to adopt protective and ideally personalized measures to prevent lethal episodes. The genetic analysis identifies deleterious rare variants in nearly 70% of cases, mostly in genes encoding proteins of the desmosome. However, other factors may modulate the phenotype onset and outcome of disease, such as microRNAs. These small noncoding RNAs play a key role in gene expression regulation and the network of cellular processes. In recent years, data focused on the role of microRNAs as potential biomarkers in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy has progressively increased. A better understanding of the functions and interactions of microRNAs will likely have clinical implications. Herein, we propose an exhaustive review of the literature regarding these noncoding RNAs, their versatile mechanisms of gene regulation and present novel targets in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Alcalde
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, 17190 Girona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Toro
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, 11003 Cadiz Spain; Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz Spain.
| | - Fernando Bonet
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, 11003 Cadiz Spain; Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz Spain
| | - José Córdoba-Caballero
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, 11003 Cadiz Spain; Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz Spain
| | - Estefanía Martínez-Barrios
- Pediatric Arrhythmias, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Cardiology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, 08950 Barcelona Spain; European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), 1105 AZ Amsterdam Netherlands; Arrítmies Pediàtriques, Cardiologia Genètica i Mort Sobtada, Malalties Cardiovasculars en el Desenvolupament, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Ranea
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29590 Málaga Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 29029 Madrid Spain
| | - Marta Vallverdú-Prats
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, 17190 Girona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon Brugada
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, 17190 Girona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona Spain; Cardiology Department, Hospital Josep Trueta, 17007 Girona Spain
| | - Viviana Meraviglia
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden Netherlands
| | - Milena Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden Netherlands; Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35122 Padua Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padua Italy
| | - Georgia Sarquella-Brugada
- Pediatric Arrhythmias, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Cardiology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, 08950 Barcelona Spain; European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), 1105 AZ Amsterdam Netherlands; Arrítmies Pediàtriques, Cardiologia Genètica i Mort Sobtada, Malalties Cardiovasculars en el Desenvolupament, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona Spain; Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Oscar Campuzano
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, 17190 Girona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona Spain.
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8
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Yang YS, Liu MH, Yan ZW, Chen GQ, Huang Y. FAM122A Is Required for Mesendodermal and Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2023; 41:354-367. [PMID: 36715298 PMCID: PMC10498146 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mesendodermal specification and cardiac differentiation are key issues for developmental biology and heart regeneration medicine. Previously, we demonstrated that FAM122A, a highly conserved housekeeping gene, is an endogenous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and participates in multifaceted physiological and pathological processes. However, the in vivo function of FAM122A is largely unknown. In this study, we observed that Fam122 deletion resulted in embryonic lethality with severe defects of cardiovascular developments and significantly attenuated cardiac functions in conditional cardiac-specific knockout mice. More importantly, Fam122a deficiency impaired mesendodermal specification and cardiac differentiation from mouse embryonic stem cells but showed no influence on pluripotent identity. Mechanical investigation revealed that the impaired differentiation potential was caused by the dysregulation of histone modification and Wnt and Hippo signaling pathways through modulation of PP2A activity. These findings suggest that FAM122A is a novel and critical regulator in mesendodermal specification and cardiac differentiation. This research not only significantly extends our understanding of the regulatory network of mesendodermal/cardiac differentiation but also proposes the potential significance of FAM122A in cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Sheng Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (2019RU043, Stress and Tumor), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Man-Hua Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (2019RU043, Stress and Tumor), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Wen Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (2019RU043, Stress and Tumor), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (2019RU043, Stress and Tumor), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (2019RU043, Stress and Tumor), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Mehdipour M, Park S, Huang GN. Unlocking cardiomyocyte renewal potential for myocardial regeneration therapy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 177:9-20. [PMID: 36801396 PMCID: PMC10699255 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Cardiomyocytes are irreversibly lost due to cardiac ischemia secondary to disease. This leads to increased cardiac fibrosis, poor contractility, cardiac hypertrophy, and subsequent life-threatening heart failure. Adult mammalian hearts exhibit notoriously low regenerative potential, further compounding the calamities described above. Neonatal mammalian hearts, on the other hand, display robust regenerative capacities. Lower vertebrates such as zebrafish and salamanders retain the ability to replenish lost cardiomyocytes throughout life. It is critical to understand the varying mechanisms that are responsible for these differences in cardiac regeneration across phylogeny and ontogeny. Adult mammalian cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest and polyploidization have been proposed as major barriers to heart regeneration. Here we review current models about why adult mammalian cardiac regenerative potential is lost including changes in environmental oxygen levels, acquisition of endothermy, complex immune system development, and possible cancer risk tradeoffs. We also discuss recent progress and highlight conflicting reports pertaining to extrinsic and intrinsic signaling pathways that control cardiomyocyte proliferation and polyploidization in growth and regeneration. Uncovering the physiological brakes of cardiac regeneration could illuminate novel molecular targets and offer promising therapeutic strategies to treat heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melod Mehdipour
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sangsoon Park
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Guo N Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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10
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Hao L, Ma J, Wu F, Ma X, Qian M, Sheng W, Yan T, Tang N, Jiang X, Zhang B, Xiao D, Qian Y, Zhang J, Jiang N, Zhou W, Chen W, Ma D, Huang G. WDR62 variants contribute to congenital heart disease by inhibiting cardiomyocyte proliferation. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e941. [PMID: 35808830 PMCID: PMC9270576 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect and has high heritability. Although some susceptibility genes have been identified, the genetic basis underlying the majority of CHD cases is still undefined. Methods A total of 1320 unrelated CHD patients were enrolled in our study. Exome‐wide association analysis between 37 tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) patients and 208 Han Chinese controls from the 1000 Genomes Project was performed to identify the novel candidate gene WD repeat‐containing protein 62 (WDR62). WDR62 variants were searched in another expanded set of 200 TOF patients by Sanger sequencing. Rescue experiments in zebrafish were conducted to observe the effects of WDR62 variants. The roles of WDR62 in heart development were examined in mouse models with Wdr62 deficiency. WDR62 variants were investigated in an additional 1083 CHD patients with similar heart phenotypes to knockout mice by multiplex PCR‐targeting sequencing. The cellular phenotypes of WDR62 deficiency and variants were tested in cardiomyocytes, and the molecular mechanisms were preliminarily explored by RNA‐seq and co‐immunoprecipitation. Results Seven WDR62 coding variants were identified in the 237 TOF patients and all were indicated to be loss of function variants. A total of 25 coding and 22 non‐coding WDR62 variants were identified in 80 (6%) of the 1320 CHD cases sequenced, with a higher proportion of WDR62 variation (8%) found in the ventricular septal defect (VSD) cohort. WDR62 deficiency resulted in a series of heart defects affecting the outflow tract and right ventricle in mouse models, including VSD as the major abnormality. Cell cycle arrest and an increased number of cells with multipolar spindles that inhibited proliferation were observed in cardiomyocytes with variants or knockdown of WDR62. WDR62 deficiency weakened the association between WDR62 and the cell cycle‐regulated kinase AURKA on spindle poles, reduced the phosphorylation of AURKA, and decreased expression of target genes related to cell cycle and spindle assembly shared by WDR62 and AURKA. Conclusions WDR62 was identified as a novel susceptibility gene for CHD with high variant frequency. WDR62 was shown to participate in the cardiac development by affecting spindle assembly and cell cycle pathway in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Hao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ma
- ENT institute, Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feizhen Wu
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maoxiang Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tizhen Yan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Ning Tang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Medical Laboratory of Nantong ZhongKe, Nantong, Jiangsu
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deyong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weicheng Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Duan Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoying Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
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11
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Sugioka S, Ikeda S, Harada M, Kishihata M, Al-Huseini I, Kimura T, Ashida N. Effects of constitutively active IKKβ on cardiac development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 614:169-174. [PMID: 35597154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB is a major transcription factor regulating cell survival, organ development and inflammation, but its role in cardiac development has been inadequately explored. To examine this function, we generated mice in which IKKβ, an essential kinase for NF-κB activation, was constitutively activated in embryonic cardiomyocytes. For this purpose, we used smooth muscle-22α (SM22α)-Cre mice, which are frequently used for gene recombination in embryonic cardiomyocytes. Embryonic hearts of SM22αCre-CA (constitutively active) IKKβflox/flox mice revealed remarkably thin, spongy and hypoplastic myocardium. In exploring the mechanism, we found that the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 10 (BMP10) and T-box transcription factor 20 (Tbx20), major regulators of cardiac development, was significantly downregulated and upregulated, respectively, in the SM22αCre-CAIKKβflox/flox mice. We also generated NK2 homeobox 5 (Nkx2.5) Cre-CAIKKβflox/wt mice since Nkx2.5 is also expressed in embryonic cardiomyocytes and confirmed that the changes in these genes were also observed. These results implicated that the activation of NF-κB affects cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Sugioka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinya Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masayuki Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masako Kishihata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Isehaq Al-Huseini
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Noboru Ashida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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12
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Yang Y, Xiao Q, Yin J, Li C, Yu D, He Y, Yang Z, Wang G. Med23 supports angiogenesis and maintains vascular integrity through negative regulation of angiopoietin2 expression. Commun Biol 2022; 5:374. [PMID: 35440711 PMCID: PMC9019027 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03332-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian Mediator complex consists of over 30 subunits and functions as a transcriptional hub integrating signaling for tissue-specific gene expression. Although the role of the Mediator complex in transcription has been extensively investigated, the functions of distinct Mediator subunits in development are not well understood. Here, we dissected the role of the Mediator subunit Med23 in mouse cardiovascular development. Endothelial-specific Med23 deletion caused embryonic lethality before embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5). The mutant embryos exhibited intracranial hemorrhage and diminished angiogenesis with dilated blood vessels in the head region, where the expression of Med23 was abundant at E10.5. Med23 deficiency impaired vasculogenesis in the head region and impeded retinal angiogenesis. Knocking down Med23 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) resulted in angiogenic defects, recapitulating the vascular defects in Med23-mutant mice in a cell-autonomous manner. RNA sequencing in HUVECs indicated that Med23 deficiency resulted in the interruption of angiogenesis and the upregulation of angiopoietin2 (Ang2), an inducing factor for vascular network instability. Inhibition of Ang2 partially rescued angiogenic sprouting and lumen dilation defects in tube formation assays. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that Med23 promotes angiogenesis and maintains vascular integrity, in part by suppressing Ang2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qi Xiao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Jingwen Yin
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Chonghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Decai Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulong He
- Laboratory of Vascular and Cancer Biology, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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13
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Robbe ZL, Shi W, Wasson LK, Scialdone AP, Wilczewski CM, Sheng X, Hepperla AJ, Akerberg BN, Pu WT, Cristea IM, Davis IJ, Conlon FL. CHD4 is recruited by GATA4 and NKX2-5 to repress noncardiac gene programs in the developing heart. Genes Dev 2022; 36:468-482. [PMID: 35450884 PMCID: PMC9067406 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349154.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex is one of the central chromatin remodeling complexes that mediates gene repression. NuRD is essential for numerous developmental events, including heart development. Clinical and genetic studies have provided direct evidence for the role of chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 4 (CHD4), the catalytic component of NuRD, in congenital heart disease (CHD), including atrial and ventricular septal defects. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that CHD4 is essential for mammalian cardiomyocyte formation and function. A key unresolved question is how CHD4/NuRD is localized to specific cardiac target genes, as neither CHD4 nor NuRD can directly bind DNA. Here, we coupled a bioinformatics-based approach with mass spectrometry analyses to demonstrate that CHD4 interacts with the core cardiac transcription factors GATA4, NKX2-5, and TBX5 during embryonic heart development. Using transcriptomics and genome-wide occupancy data, we characterized the genomic landscape of GATA4, NKX2-5, and TBX5 repression and defined the direct cardiac gene targets of the GATA4-CHD4, NKX2-5-CHD4, and TBX5-CHD4 complexes. These data were used to identify putative cis-regulatory elements controlled by these complexes. We genetically interrogated two of these silencers in vivo: Acta1 and Myh11 We show that deletion of these silencers leads to inappropriate skeletal and smooth muscle gene misexpression, respectively, in the embryonic heart. These results delineate how CHD4/NuRD is localized to specific cardiac loci and explicates how mutations in the broadly expressed CHD4 protein lead to cardiac-specific disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary L Robbe
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Lauren K Wasson
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Angel P Scialdone
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Caralynn M Wilczewski
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Xinlei Sheng
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Austin J Hepperla
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Brynn N Akerberg
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - William T Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Ian J Davis
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Frank L Conlon
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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14
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Zhao J, Bruche S, Potts HG, Davies B, Mommersteeg MTM. Tissue-Specific Roles for the Slit-Robo Pathway During Heart, Caval Vein, and Diaphragm Development. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e023348. [PMID: 35343246 PMCID: PMC9075489 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Binding of Slit ligands to their Robo receptors regulates signaling pathways that are important for heart development. Genetic variants in ROBO1and ROBO4 have been linked to congenital heart defects in humans. These defects are recapitulated in mouse models with ubiquitous deletions of the Slit ligands or Robo receptors and include additional heart defects not currently linked to SLIT or ROBO mutations in humans. Given the broad expression patterns of these genes, the question remains open which tissue-specific ligand-receptor interactions are important for the correct development of different cardiac structures. Methods and Results We used tissue-specific knockout mouse models of Robo1/Robo2, Robo4, Slit2 andSlit3 and scored cardiac developmental defects in perinatal mice. Knockout of Robo2 in either the whole heart, endocardium and its derivatives, or the neural crest in ubiquitous Robo1 knockout background resulted in ventricular septal defects. Neural crest-specific removal of Robo2 in Robo1 knockouts showed fully penetrant bicuspid aortic valves (BAV). Endocardial knock-out of either Slit2or Robo4 caused low penetrant BAV. In contrast, endocardial knockout of Slit3 using a newly generated line resulted in fully penetrant BAV, while removal from smooth muscle cells also resulted in BAV. Caval vein and diaphragm defects observed in ubiquitous Slit3 mutants were recapitulated in the tissue-specific knockouts. Conclusions Our data will help understand defects observed in patients with variants in ROBO1 and ROBO4. The results strongly indicate interaction between endocardial Slit3and neural crest Robo2 in the development of BAV, highlighting the need for further studies of this connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre University of Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Susann Bruche
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre University of Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Helen G Potts
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre University of Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Davies
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Wellcome Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Mathilda T M Mommersteeg
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre University of Oxford United Kingdom
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15
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Verma SK, Deshmukh V, Thatcher K, Belanger KK, Rhyner A, Meng S, Holcomb R, Bressan M, Martin J, Cooke J, Wythe J, Widen S, Lincoln J, Kuyumcu-Martinez M. RBFOX2 is required for establishing RNA regulatory networks essential for heart development. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:2270-2286. [PMID: 35137168 PMCID: PMC8881802 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human genetic studies identified a strong association between loss of function mutations in RBFOX2 and hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). There are currently no Rbfox2 mouse models that recapitulate HLHS. Therefore, it is still unknown how RBFOX2 as an RNA binding protein contributes to heart development. To address this, we conditionally deleted Rbfox2 in embryonic mouse hearts and found profound defects in cardiac chamber and yolk sac vasculature formation. Importantly, our Rbfox2 conditional knockout mouse model recapitulated several molecular and phenotypic features of HLHS. To determine the molecular drivers of these cardiac defects, we performed RNA-sequencing in Rbfox2 mutant hearts and identified dysregulated alternative splicing (AS) networks that affect cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) mediated by Rho GTPases. We identified two Rho GTPase cycling genes as targets of RBFOX2. Modulating AS of these two genes using antisense oligos led to cell cycle and cell-ECM adhesion defects. Consistently, Rbfox2 mutant hearts displayed cell cycle defects and inability to undergo endocardial-mesenchymal transition, processes dependent on cell-ECM adhesion and that are seen in HLHS. Overall, our work not only revealed that loss of Rbfox2 leads to heart development defects resembling HLHS, but also identified RBFOX2-regulated AS networks that influence cell-ECM communication vital for heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Verma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Vaibhav Deshmukh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Thatcher
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The Herma Heart Institute, Children's WI, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - KarryAnne K Belanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Alexander M Rhyner
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Organ Repair and Renewal, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shu Meng
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard Joshua Holcomb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Michael Bressan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA
| | - James F Martin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Organ Repair and Renewal, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Cardiomyocyte Renewal Lab;Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX77030, USA
| | - John P Cooke
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joshua D Wythe
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Organ Repair and Renewal, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Cardiomyocyte Renewal Lab;Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX77030, USA
| | - Steven G Widen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Joy Lincoln
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The Herma Heart Institute, Children's WI, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Muge N Kuyumcu-Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd. Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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16
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Shi J, Wei L. Rho Kinases in Embryonic Development and Stem Cell Research. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2022; 70:4. [PMID: 35043239 PMCID: PMC8766376 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-022-00642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinases (ROCKs or Rho kinases) belong to the AGC (PKA/PKG/PKC) family of serine/threonine kinases and are major downstream effectors of small GTPase RhoA, a key regulator of actin-cytoskeleton reorganization. The ROCK family contains two members, ROCK1 and ROCK2, which share 65% overall identity and 92% identity in kinase domain. ROCK1 and ROCK2 were assumed to be functionally redundant, based largely on their major common activators, their high degree kinase domain homology, and study results from overexpression with kinase constructs or chemical inhibitors. ROCK signaling research has expanded to all areas of biology and medicine since its discovery in 1996. The rapid advance is befitting ROCK’s versatile functions in modulating various cell behavior, such as contraction, adhesion, migration, proliferation, polarity, cytokinesis, and differentiation. The rapid advance is noticeably driven by an extensive linking with clinical medicine, including cardiovascular abnormalities, aberrant immune responsive, and cancer development and metastasis. The rapid advance during the past decade is further powered by novel biotechnologies including CRISPR-Cas and single cell omics. Current consensus, derived mainly from gene targeting and RNA interference approaches, is that the two ROCK isoforms have overlapping and distinct cellular, physiological and pathophysiology roles. In this review, we present an overview of the milestone discoveries in ROCK research. We then focus on the current understanding of ROCK signaling in embryonic development, current research status using knockout and knockin mouse models, and stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Shi
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 1044 West Walnut Street, R4-370, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA.
| | - Lei Wei
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 1044 West Walnut Street, R4-370, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA.
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17
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Hsu Y, Huang K, Cheng K. Resuscitating the Field of Cardiac Regeneration: Seeking Answers from Basic Biology. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 6:e2101133. [PMID: 34939372 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes for hospital admissions worldwide. HF patients are classified based on the chronic changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) as preserved (LVEF ≥ 50%), reduced (LVEF ≤ 40%), or mid-ranged (40% < LVEF < 50%) HFs. Treatments nowadays can prevent HFrEF progress, whereas only a few of the treatments have been proven to be effective in improving the survival of HFpEF. In this review, numerous mediators involved in the pathogenesis of HF are summarized. The regional upstream signaling and their diagnostic and therapeutic potential are also discussed. Additionally, the recent challenges and development in cardiac regenerative therapy that hold opportunities for future research and clinical translation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaching Hsu
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill & North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill & North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill & North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
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18
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Lescroart F, Dumas CE, Adachi N, Kelly RG. Emergence of heart and branchiomeric muscles in cardiopharyngeal mesoderm. Exp Cell Res 2021; 410:112931. [PMID: 34798131 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Branchiomeric muscles of the head and neck originate in a population of cranial mesoderm termed cardiopharyngeal mesoderm that also contains progenitor cells contributing to growth of the embryonic heart. Retrospective lineage analysis has shown that branchiomeric muscles share a clonal origin with parts of the heart, indicating the presence of common heart and head muscle progenitor cells in the early embryo. Genetic lineage tracing and functional studies in the mouse, as well as in Ciona and zebrafish, together with recent experiments using single cell transcriptomics and multipotent stem cells, have provided further support for the existence of bipotent head and heart muscle progenitor cells. Current challenges concern defining where and when such common progenitor cells exist in mammalian embryos and how alternative myogenic derivatives emerge in cardiopharyngeal mesoderm. Addressing these questions will provide insights into mechanisms of cell fate acquisition and the evolution of vertebrate musculature, as well as clinical insights into the origins of muscle restricted myopathies and congenital defects affecting craniofacial and cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camille E Dumas
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Noritaka Adachi
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Robert G Kelly
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, 13009, Marseille, France.
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19
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Hierarchically Structured Polystyrene-Based Surfaces Amplifying Fluorescence Signals: Cytocompatibility with Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111943. [PMID: 34769373 PMCID: PMC8584612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An innovative multi-step phase separation process was used to prepare tissue culture for the polystyrene-based, hierarchically structured substrates, which mimicked in vivo microenvironment and architecture. Macro- (pore area from 3000 to 18,000 µm2; roughness (Ra) 7.2 ± 0.1 µm) and meso- (pore area from 50 to 300 µm2; Ra 1.1 ± 0.1 µm) structured substrates covered with micro-pores (area around 3 µm2) were prepared and characterised. Both types of substrate were suitable for human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) cultivation and were found to be beneficial for the induction of cardiomyogenesis in hiPSC. This was confirmed both by the number of promoted proliferated cells and the expressions of specific markers (Nkx2.5, MYH6, MYL2, and MYL7). Moreover, the substrates amplified the fluorescence signal when Ca2+ flow was monitored. This property, together with cytocompatibility, make this material especially suitable for in vitro studies of cell/material interactions within tissue-mimicking environments.
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20
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The Spatiotemporal Expression of Notch1 and Numb and Their Functional Interaction during Cardiac Morphogenesis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092192. [PMID: 34571841 PMCID: PMC8471136 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numb family proteins (NFPs), including Numb and Numblike (Numbl), are commonly known for their role as cell fate determinants for multiple types of progenitor cells, mainly due to their function as Notch inhibitors. Previous studies have shown that myocardial NFP double knockout (MDKO) hearts display an up-regulated Notch activation and various defects in cardiac progenitor cell differentiation and cardiac morphogenesis. Whether enhanced Notch activation causes these defects in MDKO is not fully clear. To answer the question, we examined the spatiotemporal patterns of Notch1 expression, Notch activation, and Numb expression in the murine embryonic hearts using multiple approaches including RNAScope, and Numb and Notch reporter mouse lines. To further interrogate the interaction between NFPs and Notch signaling activation, we deleted both Notch1 or RBPJk alleles in the MDKO. We examined and compared the phenotypes of Notch1 knockout, NFPs double knockout, Notch1; Numb; Numbl and RBPJk; Numb; Numbl triple knockouts. Our study showed that Notch1 is expressed and activated in the myocardium at several stages, and Numb is enriched in the epicardium and did not show the asymmetric distribution in the myocardium. Cardiac-specific Notch1 deletion causes multiple structural defects and embryonic lethality. Notch1 or RBPJk deletion in MDKO did not rescue the structural defects in the MDKO but partially rescued the defects of cardiac progenitor cell differentiation, cardiomyocyte proliferation, and trabecular morphogenesis. Our study concludes that NFPs regulate progenitor cell differentiation, cardiomyocyte proliferation, and trabecular morphogenesis partially through Notch1 and play more roles than inhibiting Notch1 signaling during cardiac morphogenesis.
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21
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Adams E, McCloy R, Jordan A, Falconer K, Dykes IM. Direct Reprogramming of Cardiac Fibroblasts to Repair the Injured Heart. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:72. [PMID: 34206355 PMCID: PMC8306371 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8070072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Those that survive acute myocardial infarction are at significant risk of subsequent heart failure due to fibrotic remodelling of the infarcted myocardium. By applying knowledge from the study of embryonic cardiovascular development, modern medicine offers hope for treatment of this condition through regeneration of the myocardium by direct reprogramming of fibrotic scar tissue. Here, we will review mechanisms of cell fate specification leading to the generation of cardiovascular cell types in the embryo and use this as a framework in which to understand direct reprogramming. Driving expression of a network of transcription factors, micro RNA or small molecule epigenetic modifiers can reverse epigenetic silencing, reverting differentiated cells to a state of induced pluripotency. The pluripotent state can be bypassed by direct reprogramming in which one differentiated cell type can be transdifferentiated into another. Transdifferentiating cardiac fibroblasts to cardiomyocytes requires a network of transcription factors similar to that observed in embryonic multipotent cardiac progenitors. There is some flexibility in the composition of this network. These studies raise the possibility that the failing heart could one day be regenerated by directly reprogramming cardiac fibroblasts within post-infarct scar tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Adams
- Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (E.A.); (R.M.); (A.J.); (K.F.)
| | - Rachel McCloy
- Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (E.A.); (R.M.); (A.J.); (K.F.)
| | - Ashley Jordan
- Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (E.A.); (R.M.); (A.J.); (K.F.)
| | - Kaitlin Falconer
- Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (E.A.); (R.M.); (A.J.); (K.F.)
| | - Iain M. Dykes
- Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (E.A.); (R.M.); (A.J.); (K.F.)
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
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22
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Zheng X, Wang F, Hu X, Li H, Guan Z, Zhang Y, Hu X. PDGFRα-Signaling Is Dispensable for the Development of the Sinoatrial Node After Its Fate Commitment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:647165. [PMID: 34178981 PMCID: PMC8222823 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.647165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Palate-derived growth factor receptor α (Pdgfrα) signaling has been reported to play important roles in the cardiac development. A previous study utilizing Pdgfrα conventional knockout mice reported hypoplasia of the sinus venous myocardium including the sinoatrial node (SAN) accompanied by increased expression of Nkx2.5. This mouse line embryos die by E11.5 due to embryonic lethality, rendering them difficult to investigate the details. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, in this study, we revisited this observation by generation of specific ablation of Pdgfrα in the SAN by Shox2-Cre at E9.5, using a Shox2-Cre;Pdgfrα flox/flox conditional mouse line. Surprisingly, we found that resultant homozygous mutant mice did not exhibit any malformation in SAN morphology as compared to their wild-type littermates. Further analysis revealed the normal cardiac function in adult mutant mice assessed by the record of heart rate and electrocardiogram and unaltered expression of Nkx2.5 in the E13.5 SAN of Pdgfrα conditional knockout mice. Our results unambiguously demonstrate that Pdgfrα is dispensable for SAN development after its fate commitment in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fengjiao Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering Societ and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhen Guan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanding Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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23
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Maldonado-Velez G, Firulli AB. Mechanisms Underlying Cardiomyocyte Development: Can We Exploit Them to Regenerate the Heart? Curr Cardiol Rep 2021; 23:81. [PMID: 34081213 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-021-01510-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW It is well established that the adult mammalian cardiomyocytes retain a low capacity for cell cycle activity; however, it is insufficient to effectively respond to myocardial injury and facilitate cardiac regenerative repair. Lessons learned from species in which cardiomyocytes do allow for proliferative regeneration/repair have shed light into the mechanisms underlying cardiac regeneration post-injury. Importantly, many of these mechanisms are conserved across species, including mammals, and efforts to tap into these mechanisms effectively within the adult heart are currently of great interest. RECENT FINDINGS Targeting the endogenous gene regulatory networks (GRNs) shown to play roles in the cardiac regeneration of conducive species is seen as a strong approach, as delivery of a single or combination of genes has promise to effectively enhance cell cycle activity and CM proliferation in adult hearts post-myocardial infarction (MI). In situ re-induction of proliferative gene regulatory programs within existing, local, non-damaged cardiomyocytes helps overcome significant technical hurdles, such as successful engraftment of implanted cells or achieving complete cardiomyocyte differentiation from cell-based approaches. Although many obstacles currently exist and need to be overcome to successfully translate these approaches to clinical settings, the current efforts presented here show great promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Maldonado-Velez
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA
| | - Anthony B Firulli
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA.
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24
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Marín-Sedeño E, de Morentin XM, Pérez-Pomares JM, Gómez-Cabrero D, Ruiz-Villalba A. Understanding the Adult Mammalian Heart at Single-Cell RNA-Seq Resolution. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:645276. [PMID: 34055776 PMCID: PMC8149764 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.645276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, extensive efforts have been made to comprehend cardiac cell genetic and functional diversity. Such knowledge allows for the definition of the cardiac cellular interactome as a reasonable strategy to increase our understanding of the normal and pathologic heart. Previous experimental approaches including cell lineage tracing, flow cytometry, and bulk RNA-Seq have often tackled the analysis of cardiac cell diversity as based on the assumption that cell types can be identified by the expression of a single gene. More recently, however, the emergence of single-cell RNA-Seq technology has led us to explore the diversity of individual cells, enabling the cardiovascular research community to redefine cardiac cell subpopulations and identify relevant ones, and even novel cell types, through their cell-specific transcriptomic signatures in an unbiased manner. These findings are changing our understanding of cell composition and in consequence the identification of potential therapeutic targets for different cardiac diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the continuously changing cardiac cellular landscape, traveling from the pre-single-cell RNA-Seq times to the single cell-RNA-Seq revolution, and discuss the utilities and limitations of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Marín-Sedeño
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- BIONAND, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología, Junta de Andalucía, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Xabier Martínez de Morentin
- Traslational Bioinformatics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose M. Pérez-Pomares
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- BIONAND, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología, Junta de Andalucía, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - David Gómez-Cabrero
- Traslational Bioinformatics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centre of Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adrián Ruiz-Villalba
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- BIONAND, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología, Junta de Andalucía, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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25
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Peterson JC, Kelder TP, Goumans MJTH, Jongbloed MRM, DeRuiter MC. The Role of Cell Tracing and Fate Mapping Experiments in Cardiac Outflow Tract Development, New Opportunities through Emerging Technologies. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:47. [PMID: 33925811 PMCID: PMC8146276 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8050047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Whilst knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of congenital heart disease (CHDs) has advanced greatly in recent years, the underlying developmental processes affecting the cardiac outflow tract (OFT) such as bicuspid aortic valve, tetralogy of Fallot and transposition of the great arteries remain poorly understood. Common among CHDs affecting the OFT, is a large variation in disease phenotypes. Even though the different cell lineages contributing to OFT development have been studied for many decades, it remains challenging to relate cell lineage dynamics to the morphologic variation observed in OFT pathologies. We postulate that the variation observed in cellular contribution in these congenital heart diseases might be related to underlying cell lineage dynamics of which little is known. We believe this gap in knowledge is mainly the result of technical limitations in experimental methods used for cell lineage analysis. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of historical fate mapping and cell tracing techniques used to study OFT development and introduce emerging technologies which provide new opportunities that will aid our understanding of the cellular dynamics underlying OFT pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C. Peterson
- Department Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (J.C.P.); (T.P.K.); (M.R.M.J.)
| | - Tim P. Kelder
- Department Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (J.C.P.); (T.P.K.); (M.R.M.J.)
| | - Marie José T. H. Goumans
- Department Cellular and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Monique R. M. Jongbloed
- Department Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (J.C.P.); (T.P.K.); (M.R.M.J.)
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marco C. DeRuiter
- Department Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (J.C.P.); (T.P.K.); (M.R.M.J.)
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26
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Wang Z, Schwartz RJ, Liu J, Sun F, Li Q, Ma Y. Smyd1 Orchestrates Early Heart Development Through Positive and Negative Gene Regulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:654682. [PMID: 33869215 PMCID: PMC8047137 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.654682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
SET and MYND domain-containing protein 1 (Smyd1) is a striated muscle-specific histone methyltransferase. Our previous work demonstrated that deletion of Smyd1 in either cardiomyocytes or the outflow tract (OFT) resulted in embryonic lethality at E9.5, with cardiac structural defects such as truncation of the OFT and right ventricle and impaired expansion and proliferation of the second heart field (SHF). The cardiac phenotype was accompanied by the downregulation of ISL LIM Homeobox 1 (Isl1) and upregulation of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF). However, the mechanisms of Smyd1 regulating Isl1 and ANF during embryonic heart development remain to be elucidated. Here, we employed various biochemical and molecular biological approaches including chromatin immunoprecipitation polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-PCR), pGL3 fluorescence reporter system, and co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) and found that Smyd1 interacted with absent small homeotic-2-like protein (ASH2L) and activated the promoter of Isl1 by trimethylating H3K4. We also found that Smyd1 associated with HDAC to repress ANF expression using trichostatin A (TSA), a deacetylase inhibitor. In conclusion, Smyd1 participates in early heart development by upregulating the expression of Isl1 and downregulating the expression of ANF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Robert J Schwartz
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qi Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yanlin Ma
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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27
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Zheng F, Chen Z, Tang QL, Chong DY, Zhang TY, Gu YY, Hu ZB, Li CJ. Cholesterol metabolic enzyme Ggpps regulates epicardium development and ventricular wall architecture integrity in mice. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:445-454. [PMID: 33760044 PMCID: PMC8436696 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryonic heart development, the progenitor cells in the epicardium would migrate and differentiate into noncardiomyocytes in myocardium and affect the integrity of ventricular wall, but the underlying mechanism has not been well studied. We have found that myocardium geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (Ggpps), a metabolic enzyme for cholesterol biosynthesis, is critical for cardiac cytoarchitecture remodelling during heart development. Here, we further reveal that epicardial Ggpps could also regulate ventricular wall architecture integrity. Epicardium-specific deletion of Ggpps before embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5) is embryonic lethal, whereas after E13.5 is survival but with defects in the epicardium and ventricular wall structure. Ggpps deficiency in the epicardium enhances the proliferation of epicardial cells and disrupts cell‒cell contact, which makes epicardial cells easier to invade into ventricular wall. Thus, the fibroblast proliferation and coronary formation in myocardium were found enhanced that might disturb the coronary vasculature remodelling and ventricular wall integrity. These processes might be associated with the activation of YAP signalling, whose nuclear distribution is blocked by Ggpps deletion. In conclusion, our findings reveal a potential link between the cholesterol metabolism and heart epicardium and myocardium development in mammals, which might provide a new view of the cause for congenital heart diseases and potential therapeutic target in pathological cardiac conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zheng
- Model Animal Research Centre, Medical School of Nanjing University, National Resource Centre for Mutant Mice, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Model Animal Research Centre, Medical School of Nanjing University, National Resource Centre for Mutant Mice, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qiao-Li Tang
- Model Animal Research Centre, Medical School of Nanjing University, National Resource Centre for Mutant Mice, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Dan-Yang Chong
- Model Animal Research Centre, Medical School of Nanjing University, National Resource Centre for Mutant Mice, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Tong-Yu Zhang
- Model Animal Research Centre, Medical School of Nanjing University, National Resource Centre for Mutant Mice, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ya-Yun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Centre for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Centre for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Model Animal Research Centre, Medical School of Nanjing University, National Resource Centre for Mutant Mice, Nanjing 210093, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Centre for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
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28
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Leung C, Engineer A, Kim MY, Lu X, Feng Q. Myocardium-Specific Deletion of Rac1 Causes Ventricular Noncompaction and Outflow Tract Defects. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8030029. [PMID: 33804107 PMCID: PMC8001666 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a cardiomyopathy that can lead to arrhythmias, embolic events and heart failure. Despite our current knowledge of cardiac development, the mechanisms underlying noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium are still poorly understood. The small GTPase Rac1 acts as a crucial regulator of numerous developmental events. The present study aimed to investigate the cardiomyocyte specific role of Rac1 in embryonic heart development. Methods and Results: The Nkx2.5-Cre transgenic mice were crossed with Rac1f/f mice to generate mice with a cardiomyocyte specific deletion of Rac1 (Rac1Nkx2.5) during heart development. Embryonic Rac1Nkx2.5 hearts at E12.5–E18.5 were collected for histological analysis. Overall, Rac1Nkx2.5 hearts displayed a bifid apex, along with hypertrabeculation and a thin compact myocardium. Rac1Nkx2.5 hearts also exhibited ventricular septal defects (VSDs) and double outlet right ventricle (DORV) or overriding aorta. Cardiomyocytes had a rounded morphology and were highly disorganized, and the myocardial expression of Scrib, a planar cell polarity protein, was reduced in Rac1Nkx2.5 hearts. In addition, cell proliferation rate was significantly decreased in the Rac1Nkx2.5 ventricular myocardium at E9.5. Conclusions: Rac1 deficiency in the myocardium impairs cardiomyocyte elongation and organization, and proliferative growth of the heart. A spectrum of CHDs arises in Rac1Nkx2.5 hearts, implicating Rac1 signaling in the ventricular myocardium as a crucial regulator of OFT alignment, along with compact myocardium growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Leung
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (C.L.); (A.E.); (M.Y.K.); (X.L.)
| | - Anish Engineer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (C.L.); (A.E.); (M.Y.K.); (X.L.)
| | - Mella Y. Kim
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (C.L.); (A.E.); (M.Y.K.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiangru Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (C.L.); (A.E.); (M.Y.K.); (X.L.)
| | - Qingping Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (C.L.); (A.E.); (M.Y.K.); (X.L.)
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-519-850-2989
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29
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Yonebayashi S, Tajiri K, Hara M, Saito H, Suzuki N, Sakai S, Kimura T, Sato A, Sekimoto A, Fujita S, Okamoto R, Schwartz RJ, Yoshida T, Imanaka-Yoshida K. Generation of Transgenic Mice that Conditionally Overexpress Tenascin-C. Front Immunol 2021; 12:620541. [PMID: 33763067 PMCID: PMC7982461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.620541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that is expressed during embryogenesis. It is not expressed in normal adults, but is up-regulated under pathological conditions. Although TNC knockout mice do not show a distinct phenotype, analyses of disease models using TNC knockout mice combined with in vitro experiments revealed the diverse functions of TNC. Since high TNC levels often predict a poor prognosis in various clinical settings, we developed a transgenic mouse that overexpresses TNC through Cre recombinase-mediated activation. Genomic walking showed that the transgene was integrated into and truncated the Atp8a2 gene. While homozygous transgenic mice showed a severe neurological phenotype, heterozygous mice were viable, fertile, and did not exhibit any distinct abnormalities. Breeding hemizygous mice with Nkx2.5 promoter-Cre or α-myosin heavy chain promoter Cre mice induced the heart-specific overexpression of TNC in embryos and adults. TNC-overexpressing mouse hearts did not have distinct histological or functional abnormalities. However, the expression of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines was significantly up-regulated and mortality rates during the acute stage after myocardial infarction were significantly higher than those of the controls. Our novel transgenic mouse may be applied to investigations on the role of TNC overexpression in vivo in various tissue/organ pathologies using different Cre donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Yonebayashi
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuko Tajiri
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mari Hara
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan.,Research Center for Matrix Biology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Saito
- Department of Animal Genomics, Functional Genomics Institute, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Tsu, Japan
| | - Noboru Suzuki
- Department of Animal Genomics, Functional Genomics Institute, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Tsu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sakai
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Taizo Kimura
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akira Sato
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akiyo Sekimoto
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Department of Cardiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Ryuji Okamoto
- Department of Cardiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Robert J Schwartz
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Toshimichi Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan.,Research Center for Matrix Biology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan.,Research Center for Matrix Biology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
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30
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Tyser RCV, Ibarra-Soria X, McDole K, Arcot Jayaram S, Godwin J, van den Brand TAH, Miranda AMA, Scialdone A, Keller PJ, Marioni JC, Srinivas S. Characterization of a common progenitor pool of the epicardium and myocardium. Science 2021; 371:eabb2986. [PMID: 33414188 PMCID: PMC7615359 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb2986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian heart is derived from multiple cell lineages; however, our understanding of when and how the diverse cardiac cell types arise is limited. We mapped the origin of the embryonic mouse heart at single-cell resolution using a combination of transcriptomic, imaging, and genetic lineage labeling approaches. This mapping provided a transcriptional and anatomic definition of cardiac progenitor types. Furthermore, it revealed a cardiac progenitor pool that is anatomically and transcriptionally distinct from currently known cardiac progenitors. Besides contributing to cardiomyocytes, these cells also represent the earliest progenitor of the epicardium, a source of trophic factors and cells during cardiac development and injury. This study provides detailed insights into the formation of early cardiac cell types, with particular relevance to the development of cell-based cardiac regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C V Tyser
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Ximena Ibarra-Soria
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Katie McDole
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Satish Arcot Jayaram
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Jonathan Godwin
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Teun A H van den Brand
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Antonio M A Miranda
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Antonio Scialdone
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-81377 München, Germany
- Institute of Functional Epigenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Philipp J Keller
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - John C Marioni
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Shankar Srinivas
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK.
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31
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Menendez-Montes I, Escobar B, Gomez MJ, Albendea-Gomez T, Palacios B, Bonzon-Kulichenko E, Izquierdo-Garcia JL, Alonso AV, Ferrarini A, Jimenez-Borreguero LJ, Ruiz-Cabello J, Vázquez J, Martin-Puig S. Activation of amino acid metabolic program in cardiac HIF1-alpha-deficient mice. iScience 2021; 24:102124. [PMID: 33665549 PMCID: PMC7900219 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
HIF1-alpha expression defines metabolic compartments in the developing heart, promoting glycolytic program in the compact myocardium and mitochondrial enrichment in the trabeculae. Nonetheless, its role in cardiogenesis is debated. To assess the importance of HIF1-alpha during heart development and the influence of glycolysis in ventricular chamber formation, herein we generated conditional knockout models of Hif1a in Nkx2.5 cardiac progenitors and cardiomyocytes. Deletion of Hif1a impairs embryonic glycolysis without influencing cardiomyocyte proliferation and results in increased mitochondrial number and transient activation of amino acid catabolism together with HIF2α and ATF4 upregulation by E12.5. Hif1a mutants display normal fatty acid oxidation program and do not show cardiac dysfunction in the adulthood. Our results demonstrate that cardiac HIF1 signaling and glycolysis are dispensable for mouse heart development and reveal the metabolic flexibility of the embryonic myocardium to consume amino acids, raising the potential use of alternative metabolic substrates as therapeutic interventions during ischemic events. Loss of cardiac Hif1a does not preclude heart development or cardiac function Embryonic Hif1a-deficient hearts transiently upregulate amino acid catabolism Amino acid catabolism activation sustains heart growth in the absence of glycolysis HIF2α and ATF4 are transiently upregulated in the developing heart upon Hif1a loss
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Menendez-Montes
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area. National Center for Cardiovascular Research, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Beatriz Escobar
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area. National Center for Cardiovascular Research, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel J Gomez
- Bioinformatics Unit. National Center for Cardiovascular Research. Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Albendea-Gomez
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area. National Center for Cardiovascular Research, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Palacios
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area. National Center for Cardiovascular Research, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jose Luis Izquierdo-Garcia
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia San Sebastián, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmaceuticas. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Vanessa Alonso
- Advanced Imaging Unit. National Center for Cardiovascular Research. Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessia Ferrarini
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area. National Center for Cardiovascular Research. Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Jesus Jimenez-Borreguero
- Advanced Imaging Unit. National Center for Cardiovascular Research. Madrid, Spain.,Cardiology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Ruiz-Cabello
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia San Sebastián, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmaceuticas. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jesus Vázquez
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area. National Center for Cardiovascular Research. Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Martin-Puig
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area. National Center for Cardiovascular Research, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
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32
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Hamline MY, Corcoran CM, Wamstad JA, Miletich I, Feng J, Lohr JL, Hemberger M, Sharpe PT, Gearhart MD, Bardwell VJ. OFCD syndrome and extraembryonic defects are revealed by conditional mutation of the Polycomb-group repressive complex 1.1 (PRC1.1) gene BCOR. Dev Biol 2020; 468:110-132. [PMID: 32692983 PMCID: PMC9583620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BCOR is a critical regulator of human development. Heterozygous mutations of BCOR in females cause the X-linked developmental disorder Oculofaciocardiodental syndrome (OFCD), and hemizygous mutations of BCOR in males cause gestational lethality. BCOR associates with Polycomb group proteins to form one subfamily of the diverse Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) complexes, designated PRC1.1. Currently there is limited understanding of differing developmental roles of the various PRC1 complexes. We therefore generated a conditional exon 9-10 knockout Bcor allele and a transgenic conditional Bcor expression allele and used these to define multiple roles of Bcor, and by implication PRC1.1, in mouse development. Females heterozygous for Bcor exhibiting mosaic expression due to the X-linkage of the gene showed reduced postnatal viability and had OFCD-like defects. By contrast, Bcor hemizygosity in the entire male embryo resulted in embryonic lethality by E9.5. We further dissected the roles of Bcor, focusing on some of the tissues affected in OFCD through use of cell type specific Cre alleles. Mutation of Bcor in neural crest cells caused cleft palate, shortening of the mandible and tympanic bone, ectopic salivary glands and abnormal tongue musculature. We found that defects in the mandibular region, rather than in the palate itself, led to palatal clefting. Mutation of Bcor in hindlimb progenitor cells of the lateral mesoderm resulted in 2/3 syndactyly. Mutation of Bcor in Isl1-expressing lineages that contribute to the heart caused defects including persistent truncus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect and fetal lethality. Mutation of Bcor in extraembryonic lineages resulted in placental defects and midgestation lethality. Ubiquitous over expression of transgenic Bcor isoform A during development resulted in embryonic defects and midgestation lethality. The defects we have found in Bcor mutants provide insights into the etiology of the OFCD syndrome and how BCOR-containing PRC1 complexes function in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Y Hamline
- The Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology and Genetics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA; University of Minnesota Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Connie M Corcoran
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Joseph A Wamstad
- The Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology and Genetics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Isabelle Miletich
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jifan Feng
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jamie L Lohr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Myriam Hemberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paul T Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK; Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Micah D Gearhart
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA; Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Vivian J Bardwell
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA; Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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33
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Guo X, Hong S, He H, Zeng Y, Chen Y, Mo X, Li J, Li L, Steinmetz R, Liu Q. NFκB promotes oxidative stress-induced necrosis and ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting Nrf2-ARE pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 159:125-135. [PMID: 32745764 PMCID: PMC7530060 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we identified an unexpected pro-cell death role for NFκB in mediating oxidative stress-induced necrosis, and provide new mechanistic evidence that NFκB, in cooperation with HDAC3, negatively regulates Nrf2-ARE anti-oxidative signaling through transcriptional silencing. We showed that genetic inactivation of NFκB-p65 inhibited, whereas activation of NFκB promoted, oxidative stress-induced cell death and HMGB1 release, a biomarker of necrosis. Moreover, NFκB-luciferase activity was elevated in cardiomyocytes after simulated ischemia/reperfusion (sI/R) or doxorubicin (DOX) treatment, and inhibition of NFκB with Ad-p65-shRNA or Ad-IκBαM diminished sI/R- and DOX-induced cell death and HMGB1 release. Importantly, NFκB negatively regulated Nrf2-ARE activity and the expression of antioxidant proteins. Mechanistically, co-immunoprecipitation revealed that p65 was required for Nrf2-HDAC3 interaction and transcriptional silencing of Nrf2-ARE activity. Further, the ability of HDAC3 to repress Nrf2-ARE activity was lost in p65 deficient cells. Pharmacologic inhibition of HADCs or NFκB with trichostatin A (TSA) or BMS-345541, respectively, increased Nrf2-ARE activity and promoted cell survival after sI/R. In vivo, NFκB transcriptional activity in the mouse heart was significantly elevated after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which was abolished by cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of p65 using p65fl/flNkx2.5-Cre mice. Moreover, genetic ablation of p65 in the mouse heart attenuated myocardial infarct size after acute I/R injury and improved cardiac remodeling and functional recovery after chronic myocardial infarction. Thus, our results identified NFκB as a key regulator of oxidative stress-induced necrosis by suppressing the Nrf2-ARE antioxidant pathway through an HDAC3-dependent mechanism. This study also revealed a new pathogenic role of NFκB in cardiac ischemic injury and pathological remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Guo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Siqi Hong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Hui He
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Yachang Zeng
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Xiaoliang Mo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Rachel Steinmetz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Qinghang Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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34
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Firulli BA, George RM, Harkin J, Toolan KP, Gao H, Liu Y, Zhang W, Field LJ, Liu Y, Shou W, Payne RM, Rubart-von der Lohe M, Firulli AB. HAND1 loss-of-function within the embryonic myocardium reveals survivable congenital cardiac defects and adult heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:605-618. [PMID: 31286141 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To examine the role of the basic Helix-loop-Helix (bHLH) transcription factor HAND1 in embryonic and adult myocardium. METHODS AND RESULTS Hand1 is expressed within the cardiomyocytes of the left ventricle (LV) and myocardial cuff between embryonic days (E) 9.5-13.5. Hand gene dosage plays an important role in ventricular morphology and the contribution of Hand1 to congenital heart defects requires further interrogation. Conditional ablation of Hand1 was carried out using either Nkx2.5 knockin Cre (Nkx2.5Cre) or α-myosin heavy chain Cre (αMhc-Cre) driver. Interrogation of transcriptome data via ingenuity pathway analysis reveals several gene regulatory pathways disrupted including translation and cardiac hypertrophy-related pathways. Embryo and adult hearts were subjected to histological, functional, and molecular analyses. Myocardial deletion of Hand1 results in morphological defects that include cardiac conduction system defects, survivable interventricular septal defects, and abnormal LV papillary muscles (PMs). Resulting Hand1 conditional mutants are born at Mendelian frequencies; but the morphological alterations acquired during cardiac development result in, the mice developing diastolic heart failure. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data reveal that HAND1 contributes to the morphogenic patterning and maturation of cardiomyocytes during embryogenesis and although survivable, indicates a role for Hand1 within the developing conduction system and PM development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Firulli
- Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5225, USA
| | - Rajani M George
- Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5225, USA
| | - Jade Harkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5225, USA
| | - Kevin P Toolan
- Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5225, USA
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Department of and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5225, USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5225, USA
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5225, USA
| | - Loren J Field
- Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5225, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5225, USA
| | - Weinian Shou
- Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5225, USA
| | - Ronald Mark Payne
- Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5225, USA
| | - Michael Rubart-von der Lohe
- Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5225, USA
| | - Anthony B Firulli
- Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5225, USA
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35
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Volland C, Schott P, Didié M, Männer J, Unsöld B, Toischer K, Schmidt C, Urlaub H, Nickels K, Knöll R, Schmidt A, Guan K, Hasenfuß G, Seidler T. Control of p21Cip by BRCA1-associated protein is critical for cardiomyocyte cell cycle progression and survival. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:592-604. [PMID: 31286143 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Identifying the key components in cardiomyocyte cell cycle regulation is of relevance for the understanding of cardiac development and adaptive and maladaptive processes in the adult myocardium. BRCA1-associated protein (BRAP) has been suggested as a cytoplasmic retention factor for several proteins including Cyclin-dependent-kinase inhibitor p21Cip. We observed profound expressional changes of BRAP in early postnatal myocardium and investigated the impact of BRAP on cardiomyocyte cell cycle regulation. METHODS AND RESULTS General knockout of Brap in mice evoked embryonic lethality associated with reduced myocardial wall thickness and lethal cardiac congestion suggesting a prominent role for BRAP in cardiomyocyte proliferation. αMHC-Cre driven cardiomyocyte-specific knockout of Brap also evoked lethal cardiac failure shortly after birth. Likewise, conditional cardiomyocyte-specific Brap deletion using tamoxifen-induced knockout in adult mice resulted in marked ventricular dilatation and heart failure 3 weeks after induction. Several lines of evidence suggest that Brap deletion evoked marked inhibition of DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression. In cardiomyocytes with proliferative capacity, this causes developmental arrest, whereas in adult hearts loss of BRAP-induced apoptosis. This is explained by altered signalling through p21Cip which we identify as the link between BRAP and cell cycle/apoptosis. BRAP deletion enhanced p21Cip expression, while BRAP overexpression in cardiomyocyte-specific transgenic mice impeded p21Cip expression. That was paralleled by enhanced nuclear Ki-67 expression and DNA synthesis. CONCLUSION By controlling p21Cip activity BRAP expression controls cell cycle activity and prevents developmental arrest in developing cardiomyocytes and apoptosis in adult cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Volland
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Schott
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Didié
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Männer
- Group Cardio-Embryology, Institute for Anatomy and Embryology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Unsöld
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karl Toischer
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carla Schmidt
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Göttingen, Germany.,Bioanalytics, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Nickels
- Working Group on Cardiovascular Molecular Genetics, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralph Knöll
- Working Group on Cardiovascular Molecular Genetics, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Albrecht Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kaomei Guan
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuß
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Seidler
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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36
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Radaszkiewicz KA, Beckerová D, Woloszczuková L, Radaszkiewicz TW, Lesáková P, Blanářová OV, Kubala L, Humpolíček P, Pachernik J. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate increases cardiomyogenesis through PKC/ERK signaling. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15922. [PMID: 32985604 PMCID: PMC7522207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is the most widely used diacylglycerol (DAG) mimetic agent and inducer of protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated cellular response in biomedical studies. TPA has been proposed as a pluripotent cell differentiation factor, but results obtained have been inconsistent. In the present study we show that TPA can be applied as a cardiomyogenesis-promoting factor for the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells in vitro. The mechanism of TPA action is mediated by the induction of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity and the subsequent phosphorylation of GATA4 transcription factor. Interestingly, general mitogens (FGF, EGF, VEGF and serum) or canonical WNT signalling did not mimic the effect of TPA. Moreover, on the basis of our results, we postulate that a TPA-sensitive population of cardiac progenitor cells exists at a certain time point (after days 6–8 of the differentiation protocol) and that the proposed treatment can be used to increase the multiplication of ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah Beckerová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Woloszczuková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Petra Lesáková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Vondálová Blanářová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Kubala
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Free Radical Pathophysiology, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Humpolíček
- Centre of Polymer Systems and Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01, Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Pachernik
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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37
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Garcia-Gonzalez I, Mühleder S, Fernández-Chacón M, Benedito R. Genetic Tools to Study Cardiovascular Biology. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1084. [PMID: 33071802 PMCID: PMC7541935 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in biomedical science is tightly associated with the improvement of methods and genetic tools to manipulate and analyze gene function in mice, the most widely used model organism in biomedical research. The joint effort of numerous individual laboratories and consortiums has contributed to the creation of a large genetic resource that enables scientists to image cells, probe signaling pathways activities, or modify a gene function in any desired cell type or time point, à la carte. However, as these tools significantly increase in number and become more sophisticated, it is more difficult to keep track of each tool's possibilities and understand their advantages and disadvantages. Knowing the best currently available genetic technology to answer a particular biological question is key to reach a higher standard in biomedical research. In this review, we list and discuss the main advantages and disadvantages of available mammalian genetic technology to analyze cardiovascular cell biology at higher cellular and molecular resolution. We start with the most simple and classical genetic approaches and end with the most advanced technology available to fluorescently label cells, conditionally target their genes, image their clonal expansion, and decode their lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rui Benedito
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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38
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Conjugated activation of myocardial-specific transcription of Gja5 by a pair of Nkx2-5-Shox2 co-responsive elements. Dev Biol 2020; 465:79-87. [PMID: 32687896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The sinoatrial node (SAN) is the primary pacemaker in the heart. During cardiogenesis, Shox2 and Nkx2-5 are co-expressed in the junction domain of the SAN and regulate pacemaker cell fate through a Shox2-Nkx2-5 antagonism. Cx40 is a marker of working myocardium and an Nkx2-5 transcriptional output antagonized by Shox2, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Here we characterized a bona fide myocardial-specific Gja5 (coding gene of Cx40) distal enhancer consisting of a pair of Nkx2-5 and Shox2 co-bound elements in the regulatory region of Gja5. Transgenic reporter assays revealed that neither element alone, but the conjugation of both elements together, drives myocardial-specific transcription. Genetic analyses confirmed that the activation of this enhancer depends on Nkx2-5 but is inhibited by Shox2 in vivo, and its presence is essential for Gja5 expression in the myocardium but not the endothelial cells of the heart. Furthermore, chromatin conformation analysis showed an Nkx2-5-dependent loop formation between these two elements and the Gja5 promoter in vivo, indicating that Nkx2-5 bridges the conjugated activation of this enhancer by pairing the two elements to the Gja5 promoter.
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39
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Johnson AL, Schneider JE, Mohun TJ, Williams T, Bhattacharya S, Henderson DJ, Phillips HM, Bamforth SD. Early Embryonic Expression of AP-2α Is Critical for Cardiovascular Development. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7030027. [PMID: 32717817 PMCID: PMC7570199 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital cardiovascular malformation is a common birth defect incorporating abnormalities of the outflow tract and aortic arch arteries, and mice deficient in the transcription factor AP-2α (Tcfap2a) present with complex defects affecting these structures. AP-2α is expressed in the pharyngeal surface ectoderm and neural crest at mid-embryogenesis in the mouse, but the precise tissue compartment in which AP-2α is required for cardiovascular development has not been identified. In this study we describe the fully penetrant AP-2α deficient cardiovascular phenotype on a C57Bl/6J genetic background and show that this is associated with increased apoptosis in the pharyngeal ectoderm. Neural crest cell migration into the pharyngeal arches was not affected. Cre-expressing transgenic mice were used in conjunction with an AP-2α conditional allele to examine the effect of deleting AP-2α from the pharyngeal surface ectoderm and the neural crest, either individually or in combination, as well as the second heart field. This, surprisingly, was unable to fully recapitulate the global AP-2α deficient cardiovascular phenotype. The outflow tract and arch artery phenotype was, however, recapitulated through early embryonic Cre-mediated recombination. These findings indicate that AP-2α has a complex influence on cardiovascular development either being required very early in embryogenesis and/or having a redundant function in many tissue layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy-Leigh Johnson
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Centre for Life, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK; (A.-L.J.); (D.J.H.); (H.M.P.)
| | | | | | - Trevor Williams
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anshutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Shoumo Bhattacharya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK;
| | - Deborah J. Henderson
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Centre for Life, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK; (A.-L.J.); (D.J.H.); (H.M.P.)
| | - Helen M. Phillips
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Centre for Life, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK; (A.-L.J.); (D.J.H.); (H.M.P.)
| | - Simon D. Bamforth
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Centre for Life, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK; (A.-L.J.); (D.J.H.); (H.M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-191-241-8764
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40
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Zheng M, Jacob J, Hung SH, Wang J. The Hippo Pathway in Cardiac Regeneration and Homeostasis: New Perspectives for Cell-Free Therapy in the Injured Heart. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071024. [PMID: 32664346 PMCID: PMC7407108 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intractable cardiovascular diseases are leading causes of mortality around the world. Adult mammalian hearts have poor regenerative capacity and are not capable of self-repair after injury. Recent studies of cell-free therapeutics such as those designed to stimulate endogenous cardiac regeneration have uncovered new feasible therapeutic avenues for cardiac repair. The Hippo pathway, a fundamental pathway with pivotal roles in cell proliferation, survival and differentiation, has tremendous potential for therapeutic manipulation in cardiac regeneration. In this review, we summarize the most recent studies that have revealed the function of the Hippo pathway in heart regeneration and homeostasis. In particular, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of how the Hippo pathway maintains cardiac homeostasis by directing cardiomyocyte chromatin remodeling and regulating the cell-cell communication between cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Joan Jacob
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and UTHealth, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.J.); (S.-H.H.)
| | - Shao-Hsi Hung
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and UTHealth, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.J.); (S.-H.H.)
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-7135-005-723
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41
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Mu Y, Yu H, Wu T, Zhang J, Evans SM, Chen J. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase plays an essential role in heart development through regulating angiopoietin-1. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008730. [PMID: 32251422 PMCID: PMC7182263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is the only enzyme catalyzing O-GlcNAcylation. Although it has been shown that OGT plays an essential role in maintaining postnatal heart function, its role in heart development remains unknown. Here we showed that loss of OGT in early fetal cardiomyocytes led to multiple heart developmental defects including hypertrabeculation, biventricular dilation, atrial septal defects, ventricular septal defects, and defects in coronary vessel development. In addition, RNA sequencing revealed that Angiopoietin-1, required within cardiomyocytes for both myocardial and coronary vessel development, was dramatically downregulated in cardiomyocyte-specific OGT knockout mouse hearts. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that OGT plays an essential role in regulating heart development through activating expression of cardiomyocyte Angiopoietin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Mu
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego,Gilman Drive, Mail Code, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Houzhi Yu
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego,Gilman Drive, Mail Code, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tongbin Wu
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego,Gilman Drive, Mail Code, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jianlin Zhang
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego,Gilman Drive, Mail Code, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sylvia M. Evans
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego,Gilman Drive, Mail Code, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Ju Chen
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego,Gilman Drive, Mail Code, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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42
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Shen H, Gan P, Wang K, Darehzereshki A, Wang K, Kumar SR, Lien CL, Patterson M, Tao G, Sucov HM. Mononuclear diploid cardiomyocytes support neonatal mouse heart regeneration in response to paracrine IGF2 signaling. eLife 2020; 9:53071. [PMID: 32167474 PMCID: PMC7105374 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Injury to the newborn mouse heart is efficiently regenerated, but this capacity is lost by one week after birth. We found that IGF2, an important mitogen in heart development, is required for neonatal heart regeneration. IGF2 originates from the endocardium/endothelium and is transduced in cardiomyocytes by the insulin receptor. Following injury on postnatal day 1, absence of IGF2 abolished injury-induced cell cycle entry during the early part of the first postnatal week. Consequently, regeneration failed despite the later presence of additional cell cycle-inducing activities 7 days following injury. Most cardiomyocytes transition from mononuclear diploid to polyploid during the first postnatal week. Regeneration was rescued in Igf2-deficient neonates in three different contexts that elevate the percentage of mononuclear diploid cardiomyocytes beyond postnatal day 7. Thus, IGF2 is a paracrine-acting mitogen for heart regeneration during the early postnatal period, and IGF2-deficiency unmasks the dependence of this process on proliferation-competent mononuclear diploid cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Shen
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Peiheng Gan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States.,Department of Medicine Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States
| | - Kristy Wang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States
| | - Ali Darehzereshki
- Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S Ram Kumar
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Ching-Ling Lien
- Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Michaela Patterson
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Ge Tao
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States
| | - Henry M Sucov
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States.,Department of Medicine Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States
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Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy is a genetic disorder characterized by the risk of life-threatening arrhythmias, myocardial dysfunction and fibrofatty replacement of myocardial tissue. Mutations in genes that encode components of desmosomes, the adhesive junctions that connect cardiomyocytes, are the predominant cause of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy and can be identified in about half of patients with the condition. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to myocardial destruction, remodelling and arrhythmic predisposition remain poorly understood. Through the development of animal, induced pluripotent stem cell and other models of disease, advances in our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy over the past decade have brought several signalling pathways into focus. These pathways include canonical and non-canonical WNT signalling, the Hippo-Yes-associated protein (YAP) pathway and transforming growth factor-β signalling. These studies have begun to identify potential therapeutic targets whose modulation has shown promise in preclinical models. In this Review, we summarize and discuss the reported molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy.
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Xu J, Wang L, Li H, Yang T, Zhang Y, Hu T, Huang Z, Chen Y. Shox2 regulates osteogenic differentiation and pattern formation during hard palate development in mice. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18294-18305. [PMID: 31649032 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During mammalian palatogenesis, cranial neural crest-derived mesenchymal cells undergo osteogenic differentiation and form the hard palate, which is divided into palatine process of the maxilla and the palatine. However, it remains unknown whether these bony structures originate from the same cell lineage and how the hard palate is patterned at the molecular level. Using mice, here we report that deficiency in Shox2 (short stature homeobox 2), a transcriptional regulator whose expression is restricted to the anterior palatal mesenchyme, leads to a defective palatine process of the maxilla but does not affect the palatine. Shox2 overexpression in palatal mesenchyme resulted in a hyperplastic palatine process of the maxilla and a hypoplastic palatine. RNA sequencing and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin-sequencing analyses revealed that Shox2 controls the expression of pattern specification and skeletogenic genes associated with accessible chromatin in the anterior palate. This highlighted a lineage-autonomous function of Shox2 in patterning and osteogenesis of the hard palate. H3K27ac ChIP-Seq and transient transgenic enhancer assays revealed that Shox2 binds distal-acting cis-regulatory elements in an anterior palate-specific manner. Our results suggest that the palatine process of the maxilla and palatine arise from different cell lineages and differ in ossification mechanisms. Shox2 evidently controls osteogenesis of a cell lineage and contributes to the palatine process of the maxilla by interacting with distal cis-regulatory elements to regulate skeletogenic gene expression and to pattern the hard palate. Genome-wide Shox2 occupancy in the developing palate may provide a marker for identifying active anterior palate-specific gene enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118
| | - Linyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118; Southern Center for Biomedical Research and Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neuro Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117 Fujian, China
| | - Tianfang Yang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118
| | - Yanding Zhang
- Southern Center for Biomedical Research and Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neuro Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117 Fujian, China
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhen Huang
- Southern Center for Biomedical Research and Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neuro Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117 Fujian, China.
| | - YiPing Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118.
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45
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Tet inactivation disrupts YY1 binding and long-range chromatin interactions during embryonic heart development. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4297. [PMID: 31541101 PMCID: PMC6754421 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12325-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tet-mediated DNA demethylation plays an important role in shaping the epigenetic landscape and chromatin accessibility to control gene expression. While several studies demonstrated pivotal roles of Tet in regulating embryonic development, little is known about their functions in heart development. Here we analyze DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation dynamics during early cardiac development in both human and mice. We find that cardiac-specific deletion of Tet2 and Tet3 in mice (Tet2/3-DKO) leads to ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy (NCC) with embryonic lethality. Single-cell RNA-seq analyses reveal a reduction in cardiomyocyte numbers and transcriptional reprogramming in cardiac tissues upon Tet2/3 depletion. Impaired DNA demethylation and reduced chromatin accessibility in Tet2/3-DKO mice further compromised Ying-yang1 (YY1) binding to its genomic targets, and perturbed high-order chromatin organization at key genes involved in heart development. Our studies provide evidence of the physiological role of Tet in regulating DNA methylation dynamics and chromatin organization during early heart development. Tet-mediated DNA demethylation is intimately involved in reguatling embryonic development. Here the authors characterise DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation dynamics during early cardiac development in both human and mice and provide evidence that Tet-mediated DNA demethylation plays a role in regulating chromatin organization during early heart development.
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Abstract
The Hippo-YAP (Yes-associated protein) pathway is an evolutionarily and functionally conserved regulator of organ size and growth with crucial roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. This pathway has great potential for therapeutic manipulation in different disease states and to promote organ regeneration. In this Review, we summarize findings from the past decade revealing the function and regulation of the Hippo-YAP pathway in cardiac development, growth, homeostasis, disease, and regeneration. In particular, we highlight the roles of the Hippo-YAP pathway in endogenous heart muscle renewal, including the pivotal role of the Hippo-YAP pathway in regulating cardiomyocyte proliferation and differentiation, stress response, and mechanical signalling. The human heart lacks the capacity to self-repair; therefore, the loss of cardiomyocytes after injury such as myocardial infarction can result in heart failure and death. Despite substantial advances in the treatment of heart failure, an enormous unmet clinical need exists for alternative treatment options. Targeting the Hippo-YAP pathway has tremendous potential for developing therapeutic strategies for cardiac repair and regeneration for currently intractable cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure. The lessons learned from cardiac repair and regeneration studies will also bring new insights into the regeneration of other tissues with limited regenerative capacity.
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47
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Deutsch MA, Doppler SA, Li X, Lahm H, Santamaria G, Cuda G, Eichhorn S, Ratschiller T, Dzilic E, Dreßen M, Eckart A, Stark K, Massberg S, Bartels A, Rischpler C, Gilsbach R, Hein L, Fleischmann BK, Wu SM, Lange R, Krane M. Reactivation of the Nkx2.5 cardiac enhancer after myocardial infarction does not presage myogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:1098-1114. [PMID: 29579159 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The contribution of resident stem or progenitor cells to cardiomyocyte renewal after injury in adult mammalian hearts remains a matter of considerable debate. We evaluated a cell population in the adult mouse heart induced by myocardial infarction (MI) and characterized by an activated Nkx2.5 enhancer element that is specific for multipotent cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) during embryonic development. We hypothesized that these MI-induced cells (MICs) harbour cardiomyogenic properties similar to their embryonic counterparts. Methods and results MICs reside in the heart and mainly localize to the infarction area and border zone. Interestingly, gene expression profiling of purified MICs 1 week after infarction revealed increased expression of stem cell markers and embryonic cardiac transcription factors (TFs) in these cells as compared to the non-mycoyte cell fraction of adult hearts. A subsequent global transcriptome comparison with embryonic CPCs and fibroblasts and in vitro culture of MICs unveiled that (myo-)fibroblastic features predominated and that cardiac TFs were only expressed at background levels. Conclusions Adult injury-induced reactivation of a cardiac-specific Nkx2.5 enhancer element known to specifically mark myocardial progenitor cells during embryonic development does not reflect hypothesized embryonic cardiomyogenic properties. Our data suggest a decreasing plasticity of cardiac progenitor (-like) cell populations with increasing age. A re-expression of embryonic, stem or progenitor cell features in the adult heart must be interpreted very carefully with respect to the definition of cardiac resident progenitor cells. Albeit, the abundance of scar formation after cardiac injury suggests a potential to target predestinated activated profibrotic cells to push them towards cardiomyogenic differentiation to improve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus-André Deutsch
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at the Technische Universität München, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636 Munich, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center, Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), Technische Universität München, Lothstraße 11, 80636 Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie A Doppler
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at the Technische Universität München, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636 Munich, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center, Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), Technische Universität München, Lothstraße 11, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Xinghai Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at the Technische Universität München, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636 Munich, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center, Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), Technische Universität München, Lothstraße 11, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Lahm
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at the Technische Universität München, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636 Munich, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center, Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), Technische Universität München, Lothstraße 11, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Gianluca Santamaria
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Research Center of Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,CIS (Centro Interdisciplinare Servizi), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Research Center of Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Stefan Eichhorn
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at the Technische Universität München, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636 Munich, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center, Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), Technische Universität München, Lothstraße 11, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Ratschiller
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Kepler University Hospital, 4021 Linz, Austria
| | - Elda Dzilic
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at the Technische Universität München, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636 Munich, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center, Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), Technische Universität München, Lothstraße 11, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Dreßen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at the Technische Universität München, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636 Munich, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center, Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), Technische Universität München, Lothstraße 11, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Annekathrin Eckart
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Konstantin Stark
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Massberg
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Bartels
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik des Klinikums Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Rischpler
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Nuklearmedizinische Klinik des Klinikums Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Gilsbach
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Hein
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd K Fleischmann
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sean M Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rüdiger Lange
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at the Technische Universität München, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636 Munich, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center, Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), Technische Universität München, Lothstraße 11, 80636 Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Krane
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at the Technische Universität München, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636 Munich, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center, Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), Technische Universität München, Lothstraße 11, 80636 Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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Li H, Li D, Wang Y, Huang Z, Xu J, Yang T, Wang L, Tang Q, Cai CL, Huang H, Zhang Y, Chen Y. Nkx2-5 defines a subpopulation of pacemaker cells and is essential for the physiological function of the sinoatrial node in mice. Development 2019; 146:dev.178145. [PMID: 31320323 DOI: 10.1242/dev.178145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The sinoatrial node (SAN), the primary cardiac pacemaker, consists of a head domain and a junction/tail domain that exhibit different functional properties. However, the underlying molecular mechanism defining these two pacemaker domains remains elusive. Nkx2-5 is a key transcription factor essential for the formation of the working myocardium, but it was generally thought to be detrimental to SAN development. However, Nkx2-5 is expressed in the developing SAN junction, suggesting a role for Nkx2-5 in SAN junction development and function. In this study, we present unambiguous evidence that SAN junction cells exhibit unique action potential configurations intermediate to those manifested by the SAN head and the surrounding atrial cells, suggesting a specific role for the junction cells in impulse generation and in SAN-atrial exit conduction. Single-cell RNA-seq analyses support this concept. Although Nkx2-5 inactivation in the SAN junction did not cause a malformed SAN at birth, the mutant mice manifested sinus node dysfunction. Thus, Nkx2-5 defines a population of pacemaker cells in the transitional zone. Despite Nkx2-5 being dispensable for SAN morphogenesis during embryogenesis, its deletion hampers atrial activation by the pacemaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Southern Center for Biomedical Research and Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350108, PR China.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Dainan Li
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Yuzhi Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Zhen Huang
- Southern Center for Biomedical Research and Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350108, PR China
| | - Jue Xu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.,West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Tianfang Yang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Linyan Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Qinghuang Tang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Chen-Leng Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Yanding Zhang
- Southern Center for Biomedical Research and Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350108, PR China
| | - YiPing Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
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Cardiomyocyte orientation modulated by the Numb family proteins-N-cadherin axis is essential for ventricular wall morphogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:15560-15569. [PMID: 31300538 PMCID: PMC6681736 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904684116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of cellular orientation during trabecular and ventricular wall morphogenesis are unknown, and so are the underlying mechanisms that regulate cellular orientation. Myocardial-specific Numb and Numblike double-knockout (MDKO) hearts display a variety of defects, including in cellular orientation, patterns of mitotic spindle orientation, trabeculation, and ventricular compaction. Furthermore, Numb- and Numblike-null cardiomyocytes exhibit cellular behaviors distinct from those of control cells during trabecular morphogenesis based on single-cell lineage tracing. We investigated how Numb regulates cellular orientation and behaviors and determined that N-cadherin levels and membrane localization are reduced in MDKO hearts. To determine how Numb regulates N-cadherin membrane localization, we generated an mCherry:Numb knockin line and found that Numb localized to diverse endocytic organelles but mainly to the recycling endosome. Consistent with this localization, cardiomyocytes in MDKO did not display defects in N-cadherin internalization but rather in postendocytic recycling to the plasma membrane. Furthermore, N-cadherin overexpression via a mosaic model partially rescued the defects in cellular orientation and trabeculation of MDKO hearts. Our study unravels a phenomenon that cardiomyocytes display spatiotemporal cellular orientation during ventricular wall morphogenesis, and its disruption leads to abnormal trabecular and ventricular wall morphogenesis. Furthermore, we established a mechanism by which Numb modulates cellular orientation and consequently trabecular and ventricular wall morphogenesis by regulating N-cadherin recycling to the plasma membrane.
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiancong Zhao
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China.,3 Department of Genetics The University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Qianchuang Sun
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China.,3 Department of Genetics The University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Lufang Zhou
- 4 Department of Medicine The University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Kexiang Liu
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Kai Jiao
- 3 Department of Genetics The University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
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