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Ceyzériat K, Badina AM, Petrelli F, Montessuit S, Nicolaides A, Millet P, Savioz A, Martinou JC, Tournier BB. Inhibition of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier in astrocytes reduces amyloid and tau accumulation in the 3xTgAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 200:106623. [PMID: 39103022 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is characterized by an accumulation of pathologic amyloid-beta (Aβ) and Tau proteins, neuroinflammation, metabolic changes and neuronal death. Reactive astrocytes participate in these pathophysiological processes by releasing pro-inflammatory molecules and recruiting the immune system, which further reinforces inflammation and contributes to neuronal death. Besides these neurotoxic effects, astrocytes can protect neurons by providing them with high amounts of lactate as energy fuel. Astrocytes rely on aerobic glycolysis to generate lactate by reducing pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis, through lactate dehydrogenase. Consequently, limited amounts of pyruvate enter astrocytic mitochondria through the Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier (MPC) to be oxidized. The MPC is a heterodimer composed of two subunits MPC1 and MPC2, the function of which in astrocytes has been poorly investigated. Here, we analyzed the role of the MPC in the pathogeny of AD, knowing that a reduction in overall glucose metabolism has been associated with a drop in cognitive performances and an accumulation of Aβ and Tau. We generated 3xTgAD mice in which MPC1 was knocked-out in astrocytes specifically and focused our study on the biochemical hallmarks of the disease, mainly Aβ and neurofibrillary tangle production. We show that inhibition of the MPC before the onset of the disease significantly reduces the quantity of Aβ and Tau aggregates in the brain of 3xTgAD mice, suggesting that acting on astrocytic glucose metabolism early on could hinder the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Ceyzériat
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Geneva, Switzerland; Laboratory of Child Growth and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien M Badina
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Petrelli
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Montessuit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alekos Nicolaides
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Millet
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Geneva and Geneva Neuroscience Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Armand Savioz
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Geneva and Geneva Neuroscience Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Claude Martinou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin B Tournier
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Geneva and Geneva Neuroscience Center, Geneva, Switzerland.
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2
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Späte E, Zhou B, Sun T, Kusch K, Asadollahi E, Siems SB, Depp C, Werner HB, Saher G, Hirrlinger J, Möbius W, Nave KA, Goebbels S. Downregulated expression of lactate dehydrogenase in adult oligodendrocytes and its implication for the transfer of glycolysis products to axons. Glia 2024; 72:1374-1391. [PMID: 38587131 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes and astrocytes are metabolically coupled to neuronal compartments. Pyruvate and lactate can shuttle between glial cells and axons via monocarboxylate transporters. However, lactate can only be synthesized or used in metabolic reactions with the help of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a tetramer of LDHA and LDHB subunits in varying compositions. Here we show that mice with a cell type-specific disruption of both Ldha and Ldhb genes in oligodendrocytes lack a pathological phenotype that would be indicative of oligodendroglial dysfunctions or lack of axonal metabolic support. Indeed, when combining immunohistochemical, electron microscopical, and in situ hybridization analyses in adult mice, we found that the vast majority of mature oligodendrocytes lack detectable expression of LDH. Even in neurodegenerative disease models and in mice under metabolic stress LDH was not increased. In contrast, at early development and in the remyelinating brain, LDHA was readily detectable in immature oligodendrocytes. Interestingly, by immunoelectron microscopy LDHA was particularly enriched at gap junctions formed between adjacent astrocytes and at junctions between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Our data suggest that oligodendrocytes metabolize lactate during development and remyelination. In contrast, for metabolic support of axons mature oligodendrocytes may export their own glycolysis products as pyruvate rather than lactate. Lacking LDH, these oligodendrocytes can also "funnel" lactate through their "myelinic" channels between gap junction-coupled astrocytes and axons without metabolizing it. We suggest a working model, in which the unequal cellular distribution of LDH in white matter tracts facilitates a rapid and efficient transport of glycolysis products among glial and axonal compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Späte
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Baoyu Zhou
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kathrin Kusch
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ebrahim Asadollahi
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sophie B Siems
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Constanze Depp
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hauke B Werner
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gesine Saher
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Hirrlinger
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Goebbels
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
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3
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Visser J, Milior G, Breton R, Moulard J, Garnero M, Ezan P, Ribot J, Rouach N. Astroglial networks control visual responses of superior collicular neurons and sensory-motor behavior. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114504. [PMID: 38996064 PMCID: PMC11290320 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Astroglial networks closely interact with neuronal populations, but their functional contribution to neuronal representation of sensory information remains unexplored. The superior colliculus (SC) integrates multi-sensory information by generating distinct spatial patterns of neuronal functional responses to specific sensory stimulation. Here, we report that astrocytes from the mouse SC form extensive networks in the retinorecipient layer compared to visual cortex. This strong astroglial connectivity relies on high expression of gap-junction proteins. Genetic disruption of this connectivity functionally impairs SC retinotopic and orientation preference responses. These alterations are region specific, absent in primary visual cortex, and associated at the circuit level with a specific impairment of collicular neurons synaptic transmission. This has implications for SC-related visually induced innate behavior, as disrupting astroglial networks impairs light-evoked temporary arrest. Our results indicate that astroglial networks shape synaptic circuit activity underlying SC functional visual responses and play a crucial role in integrating visual cues to drive sensory-motor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josien Visser
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology and Pathologies, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Labex Memolife, Université PSL, Paris, France; Doctoral School No. 158, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Giampaolo Milior
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology and Pathologies, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Labex Memolife, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Rachel Breton
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology and Pathologies, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Labex Memolife, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Julien Moulard
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology and Pathologies, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Labex Memolife, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Maina Garnero
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology and Pathologies, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Labex Memolife, Université PSL, Paris, France; Doctoral School No. 158, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Ezan
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology and Pathologies, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Labex Memolife, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Ribot
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology and Pathologies, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Labex Memolife, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Rouach
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology and Pathologies, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Labex Memolife, Université PSL, Paris, France.
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Baraibar AM, Colomer T, Moreno-García A, Bernal-Chico A, Sánchez-Martín E, Utrilla C, Serrat R, Soria-Gómez E, Rodríguez-Antigüedad A, Araque A, Matute C, Marsicano G, Mato S. Autoimmune inflammation triggers aberrant astrocytic calcium signaling to impair synaptic plasticity. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 121:192-210. [PMID: 39032542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cortical pathology involving inflammatory and neurodegenerative mechanisms is a hallmark of multiple sclerosis and a correlate of disease progression and cognitive decline. Astrocytes play a pivotal role in multiple sclerosis initiation and progression but astrocyte-neuronal network alterations contributing to gray matter pathology remain undefined. Here we unveil deregulation of astrocytic calcium signaling and astrocyte-to-neuron communication as key pathophysiological mechanisms of cortical dysfunction in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis. Using two-photon imaging ex vivo and fiber photometry in freely behaving mice, we found that acute EAE was associated with the emergence of spontaneously hyperactive cortical astrocytes exhibiting dysfunctional responses to cannabinoid, glutamate and purinoreceptor agonists. Abnormal astrocyte signaling by Gi and Gq protein coupled receptors was observed in the inflamed cortex. This was mirrored by treatments with pro-inflammatory factors both in vitro and ex vivo, suggesting cell-autonomous effects of the cortical neuroinflammatory environment. Finally, deregulated astrocyte calcium activity was associated with an enhancement of glutamatergic gliotransmission and a shift of astrocyte-mediated short-term and long-term plasticity mechanisms towards synaptic potentiation. Overall, our data identify astrocyte-neuronal network dysfunctions as key pathological features of gray matter inflammation in multiple sclerosis and potentially additional neuroimmunological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Baraibar
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Neuroinmunology Group, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - T Colomer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Neuroinmunology Group, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - A Moreno-García
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Neuroinmunology Group, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - A Bernal-Chico
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Neuroinmunology Group, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - E Sánchez-Martín
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Neuroinmunology Group, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - C Utrilla
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Neuroinmunology Group, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - R Serrat
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, 33077 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - E Soria-Gómez
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - A Rodríguez-Antigüedad
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Neuroinmunology Group, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - A Araque
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455 MN, USA
| | - C Matute
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - G Marsicano
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, 33077 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France.
| | - S Mato
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Neuroinmunology Group, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain.
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5
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Feng YH, Tang RJ, Zhang YY, Lin J, Liu YJ, Li YK, Li CJ, Zhou C, Liu F, Shen JF. Contribution of inwardly rectifying potassium channel 4.1 in orofacial neuropathic pain: Regulation of pannexin 3 via the reactive oxygen species-activated P38 MAPK signal pathway. Eur J Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38992988 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The involvement of inwardly rectifying potassium channel 4.1 (Kir4.1) in neuropathic pain has been established. However, there is limited understanding of the downstream mechanism through which Kir4.1 contributes to orofacial neuropathic pain. The objective of this study was to examine the regulation of Kir4.1 on the expression of pannexin 3 (Panx3) in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and the underlying mechanism in the context of orofacial neuropathic pain caused by chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION). The study observed a significant increase in Panx3 expression in the TG of mice with CCI-ION. Inhibition of Panx3 in the TG of CCI-ION mice resulted in alleviation of orofacial mechanical allodynia. Furthermore, conditional knockdown (CKD) of Kir4.1 in the TG of both male and female mice led to mechanical allodynia and upregulation of Panx3 expression. Conversely, overexpression of Kir4.1 decreased Panx3 levels in the TG and relieved mechanical allodynia in CCI-ION mice. In addition, silencing Kir4.1 in satellite glial cells (SGCs) decreased Panx3 expression and increased the phosphorylation of P38 MAPK. Moreover, silencing Kir4.1 in SGCs increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The elevated phosphorylation of P38 MAPK resulting from Kir4.1 silencing was inhibited by using a superoxide scavenger known as the tempol. Silencing Panx3 in the TG in vivo attenuated the mechanical allodynia caused by Kir4.1 CKD. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the reduction of Kir4.1 promotes the expression of Panx3 by activating the ROS-P38 MAPK signalling pathway, thus contributing to the development of orofacial neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Heng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ren-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Ke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun-Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie-Fei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Tapella L, Dematteis G, La Vitola P, Leva S, Tonelli E, Raddi M, Delconti M, Dacomo L, La Macchia A, Murari E, Talmon M, Malecka J, Chrostek G, Grilli M, Colombo L, Salmona M, Forloni G, Genazzani AA, Balducci C, Lim D. Genetic deletion of astrocytic calcineurin B1 prevents cognitive impairment and neuropathology development in acute and chronic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Glia 2024; 72:899-915. [PMID: 38288580 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents an urgent yet unmet challenge for modern society, calling for exploration of innovative targets and therapeutic approaches. Astrocytes, main homeostatic cells in the CNS, represent promising cell-target. Our aim was to investigate if deletion of the regulatory CaNB1 subunit of calcineurin in astrocytes could mitigate AD-related memory deficits, neuropathology, and neuroinflammation. We have generated two, acute and chronic, AD mouse models with astrocytic CaNB1 ablation (ACN-KO). In the former, we evaluated the ability of β-amyloid oligomers (AβOs) to impair memory and activate glial cells once injected in the cerebral ventricle of conditional ACN-KO mice. Next, we generated a tamoxifen-inducible astrocyte-specific CaNB1 knock-out in 3xTg-AD mice (indACNKO-AD). CaNB1 was deleted, by tamoxifen injection, in 11.7-month-old 3xTg-AD mice for 4.4 months. Spatial memory was evaluated using the Barnes maze; β-amyloid plaques burden, neurofibrillary tangle deposition, reactive gliosis, and neuroinflammation were also assessed. The acute model showed that ICV injected AβOs in 2-month-old wild type mice impaired recognition memory and fostered a pro-inflammatory microglia phenotype, whereas in ACN-KO mice, AβOs were inactive. In indACNKO-AD mice, 4.4 months after CaNB1 depletion, we found preservation of spatial memory and cognitive flexibility, abolishment of amyloidosis, and reduction of neurofibrillary tangles, gliosis, and neuroinflammation. Our results suggest that ACN is crucial for the development of cognitive impairment, AD neuropathology, and neuroinflammation. Astrocyte-specific CaNB1 deletion is beneficial for both the abolishment of AβO-mediated detrimental effects and treatment of ongoing AD-related pathology, hence representing an intriguing target for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Dematteis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Pietro La Vitola
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Susanna Leva
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Tonelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Raddi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marta Delconti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Letizia Dacomo
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto La Macchia
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Murari
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Talmon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Justyna Malecka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Gabriela Chrostek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Grilli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Laura Colombo
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Claudia Balducci
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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7
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Sawant N, Watanabe A, Ueda H, Okano H, Morita M. Incomplete accumulation of perilesional reactive astrocytes exacerbates wound healing after closed-head injury by increasing inflammation and BBB disruption. Exp Neurol 2024; 374:114700. [PMID: 38272160 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Wound healing after closed-head injury is a significant medical issue. However, conventional models of focal traumatic brain injury, such as fluid percussion injury and controlled cortical impact, employ mechanical impacts on the exposed cerebral cortex after craniotomy. These animal models are inappropriate for studying gliosis, as craniotomy itself induces gliosis. To address this, we developed a closed-head injury model and named "photo injury", which employs intense light illumination through a thinned-skull cranial window. Our prior work demonstrated that the gliosis of focal cerebral lesion after the photo injury does not encompass artificial gliosis and comprises two distinct reactive astrocyte subpopulations. The reactive astrocytes accumulated in the perilesional recovery area actively proliferate and express Nestin, a neural stem cell marker, while those in distal regions do not exhibit these traits. The present study investigated the role of perilesional reactive astrocytes (PRAs) in wound healing using the ablation of reactive astrocytes by the conditional knockout of Stat3. The extensive and non-selective ablation of reactive astrocytes in Nestin-Cre:Stat3f/f mice resulted in an exacerbation of injury, marked by increased inflammation and BBB disruption. On the other hand, GFAP-CreERT2:Stat3f/f mice exhibited the partial and selective ablation of the PRAs, while their exacerbation of injury was at the same extent as in Nestin-Cre:Stat3f/f mice. The comparison of these two mouse strains indicates that the PRAs are an essential astrocyte component for wound healing after closed-head injury, and their anti-inflammatory and regenerative functions are significantly affected even by incomplete accumulation. In addition, the reporter gene expression in the PRAs by GFAP-CreERT2 indicated a substantial elimination of these cells and an absence of differentiation into other cell types, despite Nestin expression, after wound healing. Thus, the accumulation and subsequent elimination of PRA are proposed as promising diagnostic and therapeutic avenues to bolster wound healing after closed-head injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Sawant
- Biomolecular Organization, Department of Biology, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Airi Watanabe
- Biomolecular Organization, Department of Biology, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Haruna Ueda
- Biomolecular Organization, Department of Biology, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Morita
- Biomolecular Organization, Department of Biology, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan; Application Division, Center of Optical Scattering Image Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
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8
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Suiwal S, Wartenberg P, Boehm U, Schmitz F, Schwarz K. A Novel Cre Recombinase Mouse Strain for Cell-Specific Deletion of Floxed Genes in Ribbon Synapse-Forming Retinal Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1916. [PMID: 38339191 PMCID: PMC10856425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We generated a novel Cre mouse strain for cell-specific deletion of floxed genes in ribbon synapse-forming retinal neurons. Previous studies have shown that the RIBEYE promotor targets the expression of recombinant proteins such as fluorescently tagged RIBEYE to photoreceptors and retinal bipolar cells and generates fluorescent synaptic ribbons in situ in these neurons. Here, we used the same promotor to generate a novel transgenic mouse strain in which the RIBEYE promotor controls the expression of a Cre-ER(T2) recombinase (RIBEYE-Cre). To visualize Cre expression, the RIBEYE-Cre animals were crossed with ROSA26 tau-GFP (R26-τGFP) reporter mice. In the resulting RIBEYE-Cre/R26 τGFP animals, Cre-mediated removal of a transcriptional STOP cassette results in the expression of green fluorescent tau protein (tau-GFP) that binds to cellular microtubules. We detected robust tau-GFP expression in retinal bipolar cells. Surprisingly, we did not find fluorescent tau-GFP expression in mouse photoreceptors. The lack of tau-GFP reporter protein in these cells could be based on the previously reported absence of tau protein in mouse photoreceptors which could lead to the degradation of the recombinant tau protein. Consistent with this, we detected Cre and tau-GFP mRNA in mouse photoreceptor slices by RT-PCR. The transgenic RIBEYE-Cre mouse strain provides a new tool to study the deletion of floxed genes in ribbon synapse-forming neurons of the retina and will also allow for analyzing gene deletions that are lethal if globally deleted in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Suiwal
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Neuroanatomy, Medical School, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Philipp Wartenberg
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS) and Center for Gender-Specific Biology and Medicine (CGBM), Medical School, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (P.W.); (U.B.)
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS) and Center for Gender-Specific Biology and Medicine (CGBM), Medical School, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (P.W.); (U.B.)
| | - Frank Schmitz
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Neuroanatomy, Medical School, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Karin Schwarz
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Neuroanatomy, Medical School, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
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9
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Kirchhoff F, Tang W. Analysis of Functional NMDA Receptors in Astrocytes. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2799:201-223. [PMID: 38727909 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3830-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are well known for their pivotal role in memory formation. Originally, they were thought to be exclusive to neurons. However, numerous studies revealed their functional expression also on various types of glial cells in the nervous system. Here, the methodology on how to study the physiology of NMDA receptors selectively on astrocytes will be described in detail. Astrocytes are the main class of neuroglia that control transmitter and ion homeostasis, which link cerebral blood flow and neuronal energy demands, but also affect synaptic transmission directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Kirchhoff
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wannan Tang
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
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10
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de Ceglia R, Ledonne A, Litvin DG, Lind BL, Carriero G, Latagliata EC, Bindocci E, Di Castro MA, Savtchouk I, Vitali I, Ranjak A, Congiu M, Canonica T, Wisden W, Harris K, Mameli M, Mercuri N, Telley L, Volterra A. Specialized astrocytes mediate glutamatergic gliotransmission in the CNS. Nature 2023; 622:120-129. [PMID: 37674083 PMCID: PMC10550825 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06502-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal astrocyte-neuron communications govern brain circuitry assembly and function1. For example, through rapid glutamate release, astrocytes can control excitability, plasticity and synchronous activity2,3 of synaptic networks, while also contributing to their dysregulation in neuropsychiatric conditions4-7. For astrocytes to communicate through fast focal glutamate release, they should possess an apparatus for Ca2+-dependent exocytosis similar to neurons8-10. However, the existence of this mechanism has been questioned11-13 owing to inconsistent data14-17 and a lack of direct supporting evidence. Here we revisited the astrocyte glutamate exocytosis hypothesis by considering the emerging molecular heterogeneity of astrocytes18-21 and using molecular, bioinformatic and imaging approaches, together with cell-specific genetic tools that interfere with glutamate exocytosis in vivo. By analysing existing single-cell RNA-sequencing databases and our patch-seq data, we identified nine molecularly distinct clusters of hippocampal astrocytes, among which we found a notable subpopulation that selectively expressed synaptic-like glutamate-release machinery and localized to discrete hippocampal sites. Using GluSnFR-based glutamate imaging22 in situ and in vivo, we identified a corresponding astrocyte subgroup that responds reliably to astrocyte-selective stimulations with subsecond glutamate release events at spatially precise hotspots, which were suppressed by astrocyte-targeted deletion of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1). Furthermore, deletion of this transporter or its isoform VGLUT2 revealed specific contributions of glutamatergic astrocytes in cortico-hippocampal and nigrostriatal circuits during normal behaviour and pathological processes. By uncovering this atypical subpopulation of specialized astrocytes in the adult brain, we provide insights into the complex roles of astrocytes in central nervous system (CNS) physiology and diseases, and identify a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta de Ceglia
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ada Ledonne
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - David Gregory Litvin
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Wyss Center for Bio and Neuro Engineering, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Lykke Lind
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giovanni Carriero
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Erika Bindocci
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Iaroslav Savtchouk
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ilaria Vitali
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anurag Ranjak
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Congiu
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tara Canonica
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - William Wisden
- Department of Life Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kenneth Harris
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Manuel Mameli
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Mercuri
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovic Telley
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea Volterra
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Wyss Center for Bio and Neuro Engineering, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland.
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11
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Bai X, Zhao N, Koupourtidou C, Fang LP, Schwarz V, Caudal LC, Zhao R, Hirrlinger J, Walz W, Bian S, Huang W, Ninkovic J, Kirchhoff F, Scheller A. In the mouse cortex, oligodendrocytes regain a plastic capacity, transforming into astrocytes after acute injury. Dev Cell 2023:S1534-5807(23)00192-2. [PMID: 37220747 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Acute brain injuries evoke various response cascades directing the formation of the glial scar. Here, we report that acute lesions associated with hemorrhagic injuries trigger a re-programming of oligodendrocytes. Single-cell RNA sequencing highlighted a subpopulation of oligodendrocytes activating astroglial genes after acute brain injuries. By using PLP-DsRed1/GFAP-EGFP and PLP-EGFPmem/GFAP-mRFP1 transgenic mice, we visualized this population of oligodendrocytes that we termed AO cells based on their concomitant activity of astro- and oligodendroglial genes. By fate mapping using PLP- and GFAP-split Cre complementation and repeated chronic in vivo imaging with two-photon laser-scanning microscopy, we observed the conversion of oligodendrocytes into astrocytes via the AO cell stage. Such conversion was promoted by local injection of IL-6 and was diminished by IL-6 receptor-neutralizing antibody as well as by inhibiting microglial activation with minocycline. In summary, our findings highlight the plastic potential of oligodendrocytes in acute brain trauma due to microglia-derived IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianshu Bai
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
| | - Na Zhao
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Christina Koupourtidou
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, 85764 Neuherberg-Munich, Germany
| | - Li-Pao Fang
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Veronika Schwarz
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, 85764 Neuherberg-Munich, Germany
| | - Laura C Caudal
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Renping Zhao
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Hirrlinger
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Walz
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Shan Bian
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Huang
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jovica Ninkovic
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, 85764 Neuherberg-Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany; Experimental Research Center for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Anja Scheller
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
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12
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Simpson Ragdale H, Clements M, Tang W, Deltcheva E, Andreassi C, Lai AG, Chang WH, Pandrea M, Andrew I, Game L, Uddin I, Ellis M, Enver T, Riccio A, Marguerat S, Parrinello S. Injury primes mutation-bearing astrocytes for dedifferentiation in later life. Curr Biol 2023; 33:1082-1098.e8. [PMID: 36841240 PMCID: PMC10615847 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite their latent neurogenic potential, most normal parenchymal astrocytes fail to dedifferentiate to neural stem cells in response to injury. In contrast, aberrant lineage plasticity is a hallmark of gliomas, and this suggests that tumor suppressors may constrain astrocyte dedifferentiation. Here, we show that p53, one of the most commonly inactivated tumor suppressors in glioma, is a gatekeeper of astrocyte fate. In the context of stab-wound injury, p53 loss destabilized the identity of astrocytes, priming them to dedifferentiate in later life. This resulted from persistent and age-exacerbated neuroinflammation at the injury site and EGFR activation in periwound astrocytes. Mechanistically, dedifferentiation was driven by the synergistic upregulation of mTOR signaling downstream of p53 loss and EGFR, which reinstates stemness programs via increased translation of neurodevelopmental transcription factors. Thus, our findings suggest that first-hit mutations remove the barriers to injury-induced dedifferentiation by sensitizing somatic cells to inflammatory signals, with implications for tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Simpson Ragdale
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Melanie Clements
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Wenhao Tang
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Elitza Deltcheva
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Catia Andreassi
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alvina G Lai
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London NW1 2DA, UK
| | - Wai Hoong Chang
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London NW1 2DA, UK
| | - Maria Pandrea
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Ivan Andrew
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Laurence Game
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Imran Uddin
- CRUK City of London Centre Single Cell Genomics Facility, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Genomics Translational Technology Platform, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Michael Ellis
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Tariq Enver
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Antonella Riccio
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Samuel Marguerat
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Simona Parrinello
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK.
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13
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Analysis of a cell niche with proliferative potential at the roof of the aqueduct of Sylvius. Neurosci Res 2023; 188:28-38. [PMID: 36375656 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aqueduct of Sylvius connects the third with the fourth ventricle and is surrounded by the Periaqueductal Grey. Here, we report a novel niche of cells in the dorsal section of the aqueduct, hereby named dorsal aqueduct niche or DAN, by applying a battery of selective markers and transgenic mouse lines. The somata of DAN cells are located toward the lumen of the ventricle forming multiple layers in close association with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A single process emerges from the soma and run with the blood vessels. Cells of the DAN express radial glia/stem cell markers such as GFAP, vimentin and nestin, and the glutamate transporter GLAST or the oligodendrocyte precursor/pericyte marker NG2, thereby suggesting their potential for the generation of new cells. Morphologically, DAN cells resemble tanycytes of the third ventricle, which transfer biochemical signals from the CSF to the central nervous system and display proliferative capacity. The aqueduct ependymal lining can proliferate as observed by the integration of BrdU and expression of Ki67. Thus, the dorsal section of the aqueduct of Sylvius possesses cells that may act a niche of new glial cells in the adult mouse brain.
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14
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Petrelli F, Scandella V, Montessuit S, Zamboni N, Martinou JC, Knobloch M. Mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism regulates the activation of quiescent adult neural stem cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd5220. [PMID: 36857455 PMCID: PMC9977184 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add5220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cellular metabolism is important for adult neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) behavior. However, its role in the transition from quiescence to proliferation is not fully understood. We here show that the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) plays a crucial and unexpected part in this process. MPC transports pyruvate into mitochondria, linking cytosolic glycolysis to mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Despite its metabolic key function, the role of MPC in NSPCs has not been addressed. We show that quiescent NSPCs have an active mitochondrial metabolism and express high levels of MPC. Pharmacological MPC inhibition increases aspartate and triggers NSPC activation. Furthermore, genetic Mpc1 ablation in vitro and in vivo also activates NSPCs, which differentiate into mature neurons, leading to overall increased hippocampal neurogenesis in adult and aged mice. These findings highlight the importance of metabolism for NSPC regulation and identify an important pathway through which mitochondrial pyruvate import controls NSPC quiescence and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Petrelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Scandella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Montessuit
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- Institute for Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Marlen Knobloch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Peng W, Liu X, Ma G, Wu Z, Wang Z, Fei X, Qin M, Wang L, Li Y, Zhang S, Xu M. Adenosine-independent regulation of the sleep-wake cycle by astrocyte activity. Cell Discov 2023; 9:16. [PMID: 36746933 PMCID: PMC9902472 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00498-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes play a crucial role in regulating sleep-wake behavior, and adenosine signaling is generally thought to be involved. Here we show multiple lines of evidence supporting that modulation of the sleep-wake behavior by astrocyte Ca2+ activity could occur without adenosine signaling. In the basal forebrain and the brainstem, two brain regions that are known to be essential for sleep-wake regulation, chemogenetically-induced astrocyte Ca2+ elevation significantly modulated the sleep-wake cycle. Although astrocyte Ca2+ level positively correlated with the amount of extracellular adenosine, as revealed by a genetically encoded adenosine sensor, we found no detectable change in adenosine level after suppressing astrocyte Ca2+ elevation, and transgenic mice lacking one of the major extracellular ATP-adenosine conversion enzymes showed similar extracellular adenosine level and astrocyte Ca2+-induced sleep modulation. Furthermore, astrocyte Ca2+ is dependent primarily on local neuronal activity, causing brain region-specific regulation of the sleep-wake cycle. Thus, neural activity-dependent astrocyte activity could regulate the sleep-wake behavior independent of adenosine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Peng
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaotong Liu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guofen Ma
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Songjiang Institute and Songjiang Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaofa Wu
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyue Wang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Songjiang Institute and Songjiang Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Fei
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meiling Qin
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lizhao Wang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Songjiang Institute and Songjiang Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulong Li
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China ,grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Songjiang Institute and Songjiang Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Min Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shangha, China.
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16
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Persistent virus-specific and clonally expanded antibody-secreting cells respond to induced self-antigen in the CNS. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 145:335-355. [PMID: 36695896 PMCID: PMC9925600 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02537-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
B cells contribute to the pathogenesis of both cellular- and humoral-mediated central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory diseases through a variety of mechanisms. In such conditions, B cells may enter the CNS parenchyma and contribute to local tissue destruction. It remains unexplored, however, how infection and autoimmunity drive transcriptional phenotypes, repertoire features, and antibody functionality. Here, we profiled B cells from the CNS of murine models of intracranial (i.c.) viral infections and autoimmunity. We identified a population of clonally expanded, antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) that had undergone class-switch recombination and extensive somatic hypermutation following i.c. infection with attenuated lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (rLCMV). Recombinant expression and characterisation of these antibodies revealed specificity to viral antigens (LCMV glycoprotein GP), correlating with ASC persistence in the brain weeks after resolved infection. Furthermore, these virus-specific ASCs upregulated proliferation and expansion programs in response to the conditional and transient induction of the LCMV GP as a neo-self antigen by astrocytes. This class-switched, clonally expanded, and mutated population persisted and was even more pronounced when peripheral B cells were depleted prior to autoantigen induction in the CNS. In contrast, the most expanded B cell clones in mice with persistent expression of LCMV GP in the CNS did not exhibit neo-self antigen specificity, potentially a consequence of local tolerance induction. Finally, a comparable population of clonally expanded, class-switched, and proliferating ASCs was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) patients. Taken together, our findings support the existence of B cells that populate the CNS and are capable of responding to locally encountered autoantigens.
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17
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Noriega‐Prieto JA, Kofuji P, Araque A. Endocannabinoid signaling in synaptic function. Glia 2023; 71:36-43. [PMID: 36408881 PMCID: PMC9679333 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, astrocytes have emerged as important regulatory cells actively involved in brain function by exchanging signaling with neurons. The endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling is widely present in many brain areas, being crucially involved in multiple brain functions and animal behaviors. The present review presents and discusses current evidence demonstrating that astrocytes sense eCBs released during neuronal activity and subsequently release gliotransmitters that regulate synaptic transmission and plasticity. The eCB signaling to astrocytes and the synaptic regulation mediated by astrocytes activated by eCBs are complex phenomena that exhibit exquisite spatial and temporal properties, a wide variety of downstream signaling mechanisms, and a large diversity of functional synaptic outcomes. Studies investigating this topic have revealed novel regulatory processes of synaptic function, like the lateral regulation of synaptic transmission and the active involvement of astrocytes in the spike-timing dependent plasticity, originally thought to be exclusively mediated by the coincident activity of pre- and postsynaptic neurons, following Hebbian rules for associative learning. Finally, the critical influence of astrocyte-mediated eCB signaling on animal behavior is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Kofuji
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Alfonso Araque
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
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Zegarra-Valdivia J, Fernandez AM, Martinez-Rachadell L, Herrero-Labrador R, Fernandes J, Torres Aleman I. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I receptors in astrocytes exert different effects on behavior and Alzheimer´s-like pathology. F1000Res 2022; 11:663. [PMID: 36636477 PMCID: PMC9823242 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.121901.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pleiotropic actions of insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in the brain are context- and cell-dependent, but whether this holds for their receptors (insulin receptor (IR) and IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR), respectively), is less clear. Methods: We compared mice lacking IR or IGF-IR in glial fibrillary astrocytic protein (GFAP)-expressing astrocytes in a tamoxifen-regulated manner, to clarify their role in this type of glial cells, as the majority of data of their actions in brain have been obtained in neurons. Results: We observed that mice lacking IR in GFAP astrocytes (GFAP IR KO mice) develop mood disturbances and maintained intact cognition, while at the same time show greater pathology when cross-bred with APP/PS1 mice, a model of familial Alzheimer´s disease (AD). Conversely, mice lacking IGF-IR in GFAP astrocytes (GFAP-IGF-IR KO mice) show cognitive disturbances, maintained mood tone, and show control-dependent changes in AD-like pathology. Conclusions: These observations confirm that the role of IR and IGF-IR in the brain is cell-specific and context-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Zegarra-Valdivia
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Bizkaia, 48940, Spain,Cajal Institute, Madrid, 28002, Spain,CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain,Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, Peru
| | | | | | | | - Jansen Fernandes
- Cajal Institute, Madrid, 28002, Spain,Universidade Federal São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ignacio Torres Aleman
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Bizkaia, 48940, Spain,CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain,Ikerbasque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain,
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19
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Vasile F, Dossi E, Moulard J, Ezan P, Lecoin L, Cohen-Salmon M, Mailly P, Le Bert M, Couillin I, Bemelmans A, Rouach N. Pannexin 1 activity in astroglia sets hippocampal neuronal network patterns. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001891. [PMID: 36477165 PMCID: PMC9728857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Astroglial release of molecules is thought to actively modulate neuronal activity, but the nature, release pathway, and cellular targets of these neuroactive molecules are still unclear. Pannexin 1, expressed by neurons and astrocytes, form nonselective large pore channels that mediate extracellular exchange of molecules. The functional relevance of these channels has been mostly studied in brain tissues, without considering their specific role in different cell types, or in neurons. Thus, our knowledge of astroglial pannexin 1 regulation and its control of neuronal activity remains very limited, largely due to the lack of tools targeting these channels in a cell-specific way. We here show that astroglial pannexin 1 expression in mice is developmentally regulated and that its activation is activity-dependent. Using astrocyte-specific molecular tools, we found that astroglial-specific pannexin 1 channel activation, in contrast to pannexin 1 activation in all cell types, selectively and negatively regulates hippocampal networks, with their disruption inducing a drastic switch from bursts to paroxysmal activity. This decrease in neuronal excitability occurs via an unconventional astroglial mechanism whereby pannexin 1 channel activity drives purinergic signaling-mediated regulation of hyperpolarisation-activated cyclic nucleotide (HCN)-gated channels. Our findings suggest that astroglial pannexin 1 channel activation serves as a negative feedback mechanism crucial for the inhibition of hippocampal neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Vasile
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Elena Dossi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Julien Moulard
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Ezan
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Laure Lecoin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Martine Cohen-Salmon
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Mailly
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Marc Le Bert
- CNRS UMR7355, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, Orleans, France
| | - Isabelle Couillin
- CNRS UMR7355, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, Orleans, France
| | - Alexis Bemelmans
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nathalie Rouach
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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20
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Petrelli F, Zehnder T, Laugeray A, Mondoloni S, Calì C, Pucci L, Molinero Perez A, Bondiolotti BM, De Oliveira Figueiredo E, Dallerac G, Déglon N, Giros B, Magrassi L, Mothet JP, Mameli M, Simmler LD, Bezzi P. Disruption of Astrocyte-Dependent Dopamine Control in the Developing Medial Prefrontal Cortex Leads to Excessive Grooming in Mice. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 93:966-975. [PMID: 36958999 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astrocytes control synaptic activity by modulating perisynaptic concentrations of ions and neurotransmitters including dopamine (DA) and, as such, could be involved in the modulating aspects of mammalian behavior. METHODS We produced a conditional deletion of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) specifically in astrocytes (aVMTA2cKO mice) and studied the effects of the lack of VMAT2 in prefrontal cortex (PFC) astrocytes on the regulation of DA levels, PFC circuit functions, and behavioral processes. RESULTS We found a significant reduction of medial PFC (mPFC) DA levels and excessive grooming and compulsive repetitive behaviors in aVMAT2cKO mice. The mice also developed a synaptic pathology, expressed through increased relative AMPA versus NMDA receptor currents in synapses of the dorsal striatum receiving inputs from the mPFC. Importantly, behavioral and synaptic phenotypes were rescued by re-expression of mPFC VMAT2 and L-DOPA treatment, showing that the deficits were driven by mPFC astrocytes that are critically involved in developmental DA homeostasis. By analyzing human tissue samples, we found that VMAT2 is expressed in human PFC astrocytes, corroborating the potential translational relevance of our observations in mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that impairment of the astrocytic control of DA in the mPFC leads to symptoms resembling obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders such as trichotillomania and has a profound impact on circuit function and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Petrelli
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tamara Zehnder
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Laugeray
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Mondoloni
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Corrado Calì
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Pucci
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alicia Molinero Perez
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Glenn Dallerac
- Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie et Neurophysiologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université UMR7286 CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Nicole Déglon
- Neurosciences Research Center, Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Giros
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lorenzo Magrassi
- Neurosurgery, Dipartimento di Scienze Clinico-Chirurgiche e Pediatriche, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jean-Pierre Mothet
- Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie et Neurophysiologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université UMR7286 CNRS, Marseille, France; "Biophotonics and Synapse Physiopathology" Team, UMR9188 CNRS - ENS Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Manuel Mameli
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Linda D Simmler
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Paola Bezzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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21
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Antoine MW. Paradoxical Hyperexcitability in Disorders of Neurodevelopment. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:826679. [PMID: 35571370 PMCID: PMC9102973 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.826679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Rett syndrome (RTT) and Angelman Syndrome (AS) are neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) that share several clinical characteristics, including displays of repetitive movements, developmental delays, language deficits, intellectual disability, and increased susceptibility to epilepsy. While several reviews address the biological basis of non-seizure-related ASD phenotypes, here, I highlight some shared biological mechanisms that may contribute to increased seizure susceptibility. I focus on genetic studies identifying the anatomical origin of the seizure phenotype in loss-of-function, monogenic, mouse models of these NDDs, combined with insights gained from complementary studies quantifying levels of synaptic excitation and inhibition. Epilepsy is characterized by a sudden, abnormal increase in synchronous activity within neuronal networks, that is posited to arise from excess excitation, largely driven by reduced synaptic inhibition. Primarily for this reason, elevated network excitability is proposed to underlie the causal basis for the ASD, RTT, and AS phenotypes. Although, mouse models of these disorders replicate aspects of the human condition, i.e., hyperexcitability discharges or seizures on cortical electroencephalograms, measures at the synaptic level often reveal deficits in excitatory synaptic transmission, rather than too much excitation. Resolving this apparent paradox has direct implications regarding expected outcomes of manipulating GABAergic tone. In particular, in NDDs associated with seizures, cortical circuits can display reduced, rather than normal or increased levels of synaptic excitation, and therefore suggested treatments aimed at increasing inhibition could further promote hypoactivity instead of normality. In this review, I highlight shared mechanisms across animal models for ASD, RTT, and AS with reduced synaptic excitation that nevertheless promote hyperexcitability in cortical circuits.
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22
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Vincenti I, Page N, Steinbach K, Yermanos A, Lemeille S, Nunez N, Kreutzfeldt M, Klimek B, Di Liberto G, Egervari K, Piccinno M, Shammas G, Mariotte A, Fonta N, Liaudet N, Shlesinger D, Liuzzi AR, Wagner I, Saadi C, Stadelmann C, Reddy S, Becher B, Merkler D. Tissue-resident memory CD8 + T cells cooperate with CD4 + T cells to drive compartmentalized immunopathology in the CNS. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabl6058. [PMID: 35417190 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abl6058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In chronic inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), immune cells persisting behind the blood-brain barrier are supposed to promulgate local tissue destruction. The drivers of such compartmentalized inflammation remain unclear, but tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) represent a potentially important cellular player in this process. Here, we investigated whether resting CD8+ TRM persisting after cleared infection with attenuated lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) can initiate immune responses directed against cognate self-antigen in the CNS. We demonstrated that time-delayed conditional expression of the LCMV glycoprotein as neo-self-antigen by glia cells reactivated CD8+ TRM. Subsequently, CD8+ TRM expanded and initiated CNS inflammation and immunopathology in an organ-autonomous manner independently of circulating CD8+ T cells. However, in the absence of CD4+ T cells, TCF-1+ CD8+ TRM failed to expand and differentiate into terminal effectors. Similarly, in human demyelinating CNS autoimmune lesions, we found CD8+ T cells expressing TCF-1 that predominantly exhibited a TRM-like phenotype. Together, our study provides evidence for CD8+ TRM-driven CNS immunopathology and sheds light on why inflammatory processes may evade current immunomodulatory treatments in chronic autoimmune CNS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilena Vincenti
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Page
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karin Steinbach
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Yermanos
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.,Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Lemeille
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Nunez
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Mario Kreutzfeldt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bogna Klimek
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Di Liberto
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kristof Egervari
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Margot Piccinno
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ghazal Shammas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Mariotte
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Fonta
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Liaudet
- Bioimaging core facility, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Shlesinger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Rita Liuzzi
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid Wagner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cynthia Saadi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christine Stadelmann
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sai Reddy
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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23
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Rieder P, Gobbo D, Stopper G, Welle A, Damo E, Kirchhoff F, Scheller A. Astrocytes and Microglia Exhibit Cell-Specific Ca2+ Signaling Dynamics in the Murine Spinal Cord. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:840948. [PMID: 35431801 PMCID: PMC9006623 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.840948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The spinal cord is the main pathway connecting brain and peripheral nervous system. Its functionality relies on the orchestrated activity of both neurons and glial cells. To date, most advancement in understanding the spinal cord inner mechanisms has been made either by in vivo exposure of its dorsal surface through laminectomy or by acute ex vivo slice preparation, likely affecting spinal cord physiology in virtue of the necessary extensive manipulation of the spinal cord tissue. This is especially true of cells immediately responding to alterations of the surrounding environment, such as microglia and astrocytes, reacting within seconds or minutes and for up to several days after the original insult. Ca2+ signaling is considered one of the most immediate, versatile, and yet elusive cellular responses of glia. Here, we induced the cell-specific expression of the genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator GCaMP3 to evaluate spontaneous intracellular Ca2+ signaling in astrocytes and microglia. Ca2+ signals were then characterized in acute ex vivo (both gray and white matter) as well as in chronic in vivo (white matter) preparations using MSparkles, a MATLAB-based software for automatic detection and analysis of fluorescence events. As a result, we were able to segregate distinct astroglial and microglial Ca2+ signaling patterns along with method-specific Ca2+ signaling alterations, which must be taken into consideration in the reliable evaluation of any result obtained in physiological as well as pathological conditions. Our study revealed a high degree of Ca2+ signaling diversity in glial cells of the murine spinal cord, thus adding to the current knowledge of the astonishing glial heterogeneity and cell-specific Ca2+ dynamics in non-neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Rieder
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Davide Gobbo
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Gebhard Stopper
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Anna Welle
- Department of Genetics and Epigenetics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Elisa Damo
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Anja Scheller
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anja Scheller,
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24
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Hirrlinger J, Nimmerjahn A. A perspective on astrocyte regulation of neural circuit function and animal behavior. Glia 2022; 70:1554-1580. [PMID: 35297525 PMCID: PMC9291267 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies over the past two decades have demonstrated that astrocytes are
tightly associated with neurons and play pivotal roles in neural circuit
development, operation, and adaptation in health and disease. Nevertheless,
precisely how astrocytes integrate diverse neuronal signals, modulate neural
circuit structure and function at multiple temporal and spatial scales, and
influence animal behavior or disease through aberrant excitation and molecular
output remains unclear. This Perspective discusses how new and state-of-the-art
approaches, including fluorescence indicators, opto- and chemogenetic actuators,
genetic targeting tools, quantitative behavioral assays, and computational
methods, might help resolve these longstanding questions. It also addresses
complicating factors in interpreting astrocytes’ role in neural circuit
regulation and animal behavior, such as their heterogeneity, metabolism, and
inter-glial communication. Research on these questions should provide a deeper
mechanistic understanding of astrocyte-neuron assemblies’ role in neural
circuit function, complex behaviors, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hirrlinger
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Axel Nimmerjahn
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
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ASK1 signaling regulates phase-specific glial interactions during neuroinflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2103812119. [PMID: 35101972 PMCID: PMC8832969 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2103812119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is associated with many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis (MS). Thus, decreasing neuroinflammation may be a promising treatment for these diseases. Apoptosis signal-related kinase 1 (ASK1) has been shown to cause neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disease models, but its mechanism of action has been unclear. Here, we generated conditional knockout mice that lack ASK1 in T cells, dendritic cells, microglia/macrophages, microglia, or astrocytes, to assess the roles of ASK1 during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS. We propose that ASK1 is required in microglia and astrocytes to cause and maintain neuroinflammation by a feedback loop between these two cell types. Neuroinflammation is well known to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase that has been implicated in neuroinflammation, but its precise cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we generated conditional knockout (CKO) mice that lack ASK1 in T cells, dendritic cells, microglia/macrophages, microglia, or astrocytes, to assess the roles of ASK1 during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We found that neuroinflammation was reduced in both the early and later stages of EAE in microglia/macrophage-specific ASK1 knockout mice, whereas only the later-stage neuroinflammation was ameliorated in astrocyte-specific ASK1 knockout mice. ASK1 deficiency in T cells and dendritic cells had no significant effects on EAE severity. Further, we found that ASK1 in microglia/macrophages induces a proinflammatory environment, which subsequently activates astrocytes to exacerbate neuroinflammation. Microglia-specific ASK1 deletion was achieved using a CX3CR1CreER system, and we found that ASK1 signaling in microglia played a major role in generating and maintaining disease. Activated astrocytes produce key inflammatory mediators, including CCL2, that further activated and recruited microglia/macrophages, in an astrocytic ASK1-dependent manner. Astrocyte-specific analysis revealed CCL2 expression was higher in the later stage compared with the early stage, suggesting a greater proinflammatory role of astrocytes in the later stage. Our findings demonstrate cell-type–specific roles of ASK1 and suggest phase-specific ASK1-dependent glial cell interactions in EAE pathophysiology. We propose glial ASK1 as a promising therapeutic target for reducing neuroinflammation.
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Baumann J, Tsao CC, Patkar S, Huang SF, Francia S, Magnussen SN, Gassmann M, Vogel J, Köster-Hegmann C, Ogunshola OO. Pericyte, but not astrocyte, hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) drives hypoxia-induced vascular permeability in vivo. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:6. [PMID: 35033138 PMCID: PMC8760662 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-021-00302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ways to prevent disease-induced vascular modifications that accelerate brain damage remain largely elusive. Improved understanding of perivascular cell signalling could provide unparalleled insight as these cells impact vascular stability and functionality of the neurovascular unit as a whole. Identifying key drivers of astrocyte and pericyte responses that modify cell-cell interactions and crosstalk during injury is key. At the cellular level, injury-induced outcomes are closely entwined with activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) pathway. Studies clearly suggest that endothelial HIF-1 signalling increases blood-brain barrier permeability but the influence of perivascular HIF-1 induction on outcome is unknown. Using novel mouse lines with astrocyte and pericyte targeted HIF-1 loss of function, we herein show that vascular stability in vivo is differentially impacted by perivascular hypoxia-induced HIF-1 stabilization. METHODS To facilitate HIF-1 deletion in adult mice without developmental complications, novel Cre-inducible astrocyte-targeted (GFAP-CreERT2; HIF-1αfl/fl and GLAST-CreERT2; HIF-1αfl/fl) and pericyte-targeted (SMMHC-CreERT2; HIF-1αfl/fl) transgenic animals were generated. Mice in their home cages were exposed to either normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (8% O2) for 96 h in an oxygen-controlled humidified glove box. All lines were similarly responsive to hypoxic challenge and post-Cre activation showed significantly reduced HIF-1 target gene levels in the individual cells as predicted. RESULTS Unexpectedly, hypoxia-induced vascular remodelling was unaffected by HIF-1 loss of function in the two astrocyte lines but effectively blocked in the pericyte line. In correlation, hypoxia-induced barrier permeability and water accumulation were abrogated only in pericyte targeted HIF-1 loss of function mice. In contrast to expectation, brain and serum levels of hypoxia-induced VEGF, TGF-β and MMPs (genes known to mediate vascular remodelling) were unaffected by HIF-1 deletion in all lines. However, in agreement with the permeability data, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy showed clear prevention of hypoxia-induced tight junction disruption in the pericyte loss of function line. CONCLUSION This study shows that pericyte but not astrocyte HIF-1 stabilization modulates endothelial tight junction functionality and thereby plays a pivotal role in hypoxia-induced vascular dysfunction. Whether the cells respond similarly or differentially to other injury stimuli will be of significant relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Baumann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chih-Chieh Tsao
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shalmali Patkar
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sheng-Fu Huang
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simona Francia
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Synnøve Norvoll Magnussen
- Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Vogel
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christina Köster-Hegmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Omolara O Ogunshola
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Hao W, Luo Q, Menger MD, Fassbender K, Liu Y. Treatment With CD52 Antibody Protects Neurons in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mice During the Recovering Phase. Front Immunol 2021; 12:792465. [PMID: 34975892 PMCID: PMC8716455 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.792465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease driven by T and B lymphocytes. The remyelination failure and neurodegeneration results in permanent clinical disability in MS patients. A desirable therapy should not only modulate the immune system, but also promote neuroprotection and remyelination. To investigate the neuroprotective effect of CD52 antibody in MS, both C57BL/6J and SJL mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) were treated with CD52 antibody at the peak of disease. Treatment with CD52 antibody depleted T but not B lymphocytes in the blood, reduced the infiltration of T lymphocytes and microglia/macrophages in the spinal cord. Anti-CD52 therapy attenuated EAE scores during the recovery phase. It protected neurons immediately after treatment (within 4 days) as shown by reducing the accumulation of amyloid precursor proteins. It potentially promoted remyelination as it increased the number of olig2/CC-1-positive mature oligodendrocytes and prevented myelin loss in the following days (e.g., 14 days post treatment). In further experiments, EAE mice with a conditional knockout of BDNF in neurons were administered with CD52 antibodies. Neuronal deficiency of BDNF attenuated the effect of anti-CD52 treatment on reducing EAE scores and inflammatory infiltration but did not affect anti-CD52 treatment-induced improvement of myelin coverage in the spinal cord. In summary, anti-CD52 therapy depletes CD4-positive T lymphocytes, prevents myelin loss and protects neurons in EAE mice. Neuronal BDNF regulates neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effect of CD52 antibody in EAE mice.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD52 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- CD52 Antigen/immunology
- CD52 Antigen/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/immunology
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neurons/pathology
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Remyelination/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/immunology
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/pathology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Hao
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Diakonie Klinikum Neunkirchen, Neunkirchen, Germany
| | - Qinghua Luo
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael D. Menger
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Wang Y, Su Y, Yu G, Wang X, Chen X, Yu B, Cheng Y, Li R, Sáez JC, Yi C, Xiao L, Niu J. Reduced Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Impairs Astrocytic Development in Early Life Stress. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101181. [PMID: 34155833 PMCID: PMC8373108 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Astrocyte maldevelopment is implicated in various neuropsychiatric diseases associated with early life stress. However, the underlying astrocytopathy mechanism, which can result in the psychiatric symptoms, remains unclear. In this study, it is shown that a reduced oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) population accompanies hindered hippocampal astrocytic development in an improved parental isolation mouse model, and that the loss of OPCs suppresses astrocytic network formation and activity. It is further demonstrated that OPC-derived Wnt ligands, in particular Wnt7b, are required for Wnt/β-catenin pathway-mediated astrocytic development and subsequent effects related to neuronal function. In addition, focal replenishment of Wnt7a/b is sufficient to rescue astrocytic maldevelopment. These results elucidate a Wnt-paracrine-dependent but myelin-independent role of OPCs in regulating astrocytic development, which provides a unique insight into the astrocytopathy mechanism in early life stress, and can be implicated in the pathogenesis of human early life stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyChongqing Key Laboratory of NeurobiologyBrain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education CommissionThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Yixun Su
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyChongqing Key Laboratory of NeurobiologyBrain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education CommissionThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
- Research CentreSeventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518107China
| | - Guangdan Yu
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyChongqing Key Laboratory of NeurobiologyBrain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education CommissionThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Xiaorui Wang
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyChongqing Key Laboratory of NeurobiologyBrain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education CommissionThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyChongqing Key Laboratory of NeurobiologyBrain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education CommissionThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyChongqing Key Laboratory of NeurobiologyBrain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education CommissionThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
- Department of Neurosurgery2nd affiliated HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Yijun Cheng
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyChongqing Key Laboratory of NeurobiologyBrain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education CommissionThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyChongqing Key Laboratory of NeurobiologyBrain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education CommissionThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Juan C. Sáez
- Instituto de NeurocienciaCentro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de ValparaísoValparaíso2381850Chile
| | - Chenju Yi
- Research CentreSeventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518107China
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyChongqing Key Laboratory of NeurobiologyBrain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education CommissionThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
- Department of Neurosurgery2nd affiliated HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Jianqin Niu
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyChongqing Key Laboratory of NeurobiologyBrain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education CommissionThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
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29
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Dicer Deletion in Astrocytes Inhibits Oligodendroglial Differentiation and Myelination. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:1135-1146. [PMID: 34106403 PMCID: PMC8353046 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that astrocytes are implicated in regulating oligodendrocyte myelination, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. To understand whether microRNAs in astrocytes function in regulating oligodendroglial differentiation and myelination in the developing and adult CNS, we generated inducible astrocyte-specific Dicer conditional knockout mice (hGFAP-CreERT; Dicer fl/fl). By using a reporter mouse line (mT/mG), we confirmed that hGFAP-CreERT drives an efficient and astrocyte-specific recombination in the developing CNS, upon tamoxifen treatment from postnatal day 3 (P3) to P7. The Dicer deletion in astrocytes resulted in inhibited oligodendroglial differentiation and myelination in the developing CNS of Dicer cKO mice at P10 and P14, and did not alter the densities of neurons or axons, indicating that Dicer in astrocytes is required for oligodendrocyte myelination. Consequently, the Dicer deletion in astrocytes at P3 resulted in impaired spatial memory and motor coordination at the age of 9 weeks. To understand whether Dicer in astrocytes is also required for remyelination, we induced Dicer deletion in 3-month-old mice and then injected lysolecithin into the corpus callosum to induce demyelination. The Dicer deletion in astrocytes blocked remyelination in the corpus callosum 14 days after induced demyelination. Together, our results indicate that Dicer in astrocytes is required for oligodendroglia myelination in both the developing and adult CNS.
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30
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Hilla AM, Baehr A, Leibinger M, Andreadaki A, Fischer D. CXCR4/CXCL12-mediated entrapment of axons at the injury site compromises optic nerve regeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2016409118. [PMID: 34011605 PMCID: PMC8166183 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016409118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative failure in the mammalian optic nerve is generally attributed to axotomy-induced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, an insufficient intrinsic regenerative capacity, and an extrinsic inhibitory environment. Here, we show that a chemoattractive CXCL12/CXCR4-dependent mechanism prevents the extension of growth-stimulated axons into the distal nerve. The chemokine CXCL12 is chemoattractive toward axonal growth cones in an inhibitory environment, and these effects are entirely abolished by the specific knockout of its receptor, CXCR4 (CXCR4-/-), in cultured regenerating RGCs. Notably, 8% of naïve RGCs express CXCL12 and transport the chemokine along their axons in the nerve. Thus, axotomy causes its release at the injury site. However, most osteopontin-positive α-RGCs, the main neuronal population that survives optic nerve injury, express CXCR4 instead. Thus, CXCL12-mediated attraction prevents growth-stimulated axons from regenerating distally in the nerve, indicated by axons returning to the lesion site. Accordingly, specific depletion of CXCR4 in RGC reduces aberrant axonal growth and enables long-distance regeneration. Likewise, CXCL12 knockout in RGCs fully mimics these CXCR4-/- effects. Thus, active CXCL12/CXCR4-mediated entrapment of regenerating axons to the injury site contributes to regenerative failure in the optic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Hilla
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Annemarie Baehr
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Marco Leibinger
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Anastasia Andreadaki
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Dietmar Fischer
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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31
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Astrocytic IGF-IRs Induce Adenosine-Mediated Inhibitory Downregulation and Improve Sensory Discrimination. J Neurosci 2021; 41:4768-4781. [PMID: 33911021 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0005-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) signaling plays a key role in learning and memory processes. While the effects of IGF-I on neurons have been studied extensively, the involvement of astrocytes in IGF-I signaling and the consequences on synaptic plasticity and animal behavior remain unknown. We have found that IGF-I induces long-term potentiation (LTPIGFI) of the postsynaptic potentials that is caused by a long-term depression of inhibitory synaptic transmission in mice. We have demonstrated that this long-lasting decrease in the inhibitory synaptic transmission is evoked by astrocytic activation through its IGF-I receptors (IGF-IRs). We show that LTPIGFI not only increases the output of pyramidal neurons, but also favors the NMDAR-dependent LTP, resulting in the crucial information processing at the barrel cortex since specific deletion of IGF-IR in cortical astrocytes impairs the whisker discrimination task. Our work reveals a novel mechanism and functional consequences of IGF-I signaling on cortical inhibitory synaptic plasticity and animal behavior, revealing that astrocytes are key elements in these processes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) signaling plays key regulatory roles in multiple processes of brain physiology, such as learning and memory. Yet, the underlying mechanisms remain largely undefined. Here we demonstrate that astrocytes respond to IGF-I signaling, elevating their intracellular Ca2+ and stimulating the release of ATP/adenosine, which triggers the LTD of cortical inhibitory synapses, thus regulating the behavioral task performance related to cortical sensory information processing. Therefore, the present work represents a major conceptual advance in our knowledge of the cellular basis of IGF-I signaling in brain function, by including for the first time astrocytes as key mediators of IGF-I actions on synaptic plasticity, cortical sensory information discrimination and animal behavior.
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32
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The Genetic Basis of Reporter Mouse Strains. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33834450 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6064-8_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models have been revolutionizing the biomedical studies on deciphering the physiological roles of genes in vivo. In addition to deactivating a gene in mice, diverse strategies have been created to monitor gene expressions and molecular dynamics of specific proteins in vivo. Although gene targeting in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells was essential for the precise engineering of the mouse genome over almost three decades, this process is a time-consuming, expensive, and laborious one. These days, new technologies that directly apply engineered endonucleases, such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription Activator-Like Effector (TALE) Nucleases (TALENs), and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system, into the mouse zygotes are enabling us to rapidly replace conventional gene targeting in mouse ES cells. In this chapter, we will describe the principles of reporter mouse strains and the recent advances in generating them using engineered endonucleases.
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33
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Zehnder T, Petrelli F, Romanos J, De Oliveira Figueiredo EC, Lewis TL, Déglon N, Polleux F, Santello M, Bezzi P. Mitochondrial biogenesis in developing astrocytes regulates astrocyte maturation and synapse formation. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108952. [PMID: 33852851 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms controlling the post-natal maturation of astrocytes play a crucial role in ensuring correct synaptogenesis. We show that mitochondrial biogenesis in developing astrocytes is necessary for coordinating post-natal astrocyte maturation and synaptogenesis. The astrocytic mitochondrial biogenesis depends on the transient upregulation of metabolic regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) co-activator 1α (PGC-1α), which is controlled by metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5). At tissue level, the loss or downregulation of astrocytic PGC-1α sustains astrocyte proliferation, dampens astrocyte morphogenesis, and impairs the formation and function of neighboring synapses, whereas its genetic re-expression is sufficient to restore the mitochondria compartment and correct astroglial and synaptic defects. Our findings show that the developmental enhancement of mitochondrial biogenesis in astrocytes is a critical mechanism controlling astrocyte maturation and supporting synaptogenesis, thus suggesting that astrocytic mitochondria may be a therapeutic target in the case of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders characterized by impaired synaptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Zehnder
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Petrelli
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Romanos
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva C De Oliveira Figueiredo
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tommy L Lewis
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nicole Déglon
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation (LNTM), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Neurosciences Research Center (CRN), Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation (LNTM), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Franck Polleux
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mirko Santello
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Paola Bezzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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34
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Spinal astroglial cannabinoid receptors control pathological tremor. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:658-666. [PMID: 33737752 PMCID: PMC7610740 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00818-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoids reduce tremor associated with motor disorders induced by injuries and neurodegenerative disease. Here we show that this effect is mediated by cannabinoid receptors on astrocytes in the ventral horn of the spinal cord, where alternating limb movements are initiated. We first demonstrate that tremor is reduced in a mouse model of essential tremor after intrathecal injection of the cannabinoid analog WIN55,212-2. We investigate the underlying mechanism using electrophysiological recordings in spinal cord slices and show that endocannabinoids released from depolarized interneurons activate astrocytic cannabinoid receptors, causing an increase in intracellular Ca2+, subsequent release of purines and inhibition of excitatory neurotransmission. Finally, we show that the anti-tremor action of WIN55,212-2 in the spinal cords of mice is suppressed after knocking out CB1 receptors in astrocytes. Our data suggest that cannabinoids reduce tremor via their action on spinal astrocytes.
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35
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Arizono M, Inavalli VVGK, Bancelin S, Fernández-Monreal M, Nägerl UV. Super-resolution shadow imaging reveals local remodeling of astrocytic microstructures and brain extracellular space after osmotic challenge. Glia 2021; 69:1605-1613. [PMID: 33710691 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular space (ECS) plays a central role in brain physiology, shaping the time course and spread of neurochemicals, ions, and nutrients that ensure proper brain homeostasis and neuronal communication. Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glia cell in the brain, whose processes densely infiltrate the brain's parenchyma. As astrocytes are highly sensitive to changes in osmotic pressure, they are capable of exerting a potent physiological influence on the ECS. However, little is known about the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of the ECS that surrounds astrocytes, owing mostly to a lack of appropriate techniques to visualize the ECS in live brain tissue. Mitigating this technical limitation, we applied the recent SUper-resolution SHadow Imaging technique (SUSHI) to astrocyte-labeled organotypic hippocampal brain slices, which allowed us to concurrently image the complex morphology of astrocytes and the ECS with unprecedented spatial resolution in a live experimental setting. Focusing on ring-like astrocytic microstructures in the spongiform domain, we found them to enclose sizable pools of interstitial fluid and cellular structures like dendritic spines. Upon experimental osmotic challenge, these microstructures remodeled and swelled up at the expense of the pools, effectively increasing the physical interface between astrocytic and cellular structures. Our study reveals novel facets of the dynamic microanatomical relationships between astrocytes, neuropil, and the ECS in living brain tissue, which could be of functional relevance for neuron-glia communication in a variety of (patho)physiological settings, for example, LTP induction, epileptic seizures or acute ischemic stroke, where osmotic disturbances are known to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Arizono
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - V V G Krishna Inavalli
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphane Bancelin
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mónica Fernández-Monreal
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France.,Bordeaux Imaging Center, UMS 3420, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, US4 INSERM, Bordeaux, France
| | - U Valentin Nägerl
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
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36
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Slc1a3-2A-CreERT2 mice reveal unique features of Bergmann glia and augment a growing collection of Cre drivers and effectors in the 129S4 genetic background. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5412. [PMID: 33686166 PMCID: PMC7940647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84887-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation is a primary determinant of phenotypic diversity. In laboratory mice, genetic variation can be a serious experimental confounder, and thus minimized through inbreeding. However, generalizations of results obtained with inbred strains must be made with caution, especially when working with complex phenotypes and disease models. Here we compared behavioral characteristics of C57Bl/6—the strain most widely used in biomedical research—with those of 129S4. In contrast to 129S4, C57Bl/6 demonstrated high within-strain and intra-litter behavioral hyperactivity. Although high consistency would be advantageous, the majority of disease models and transgenic tools are in C57Bl/6. We recently established six Cre driver lines and two Cre effector lines in 129S4. To augment this collection, we genetically engineered a Cre line to study astrocytes in 129S4. It was validated with two Cre effector lines: calcium indicator gCaMP5g-tdTomato and RiboTag—a tool widely used to study cell type-specific translatomes. These reporters are in different genomic loci, and in both the Cre was functional and astrocyte-specific. We found that calcium signals lasted longer and had a higher amplitude in cortical compared to hippocampal astrocytes, genes linked to a single neurodegenerative disease have highly divergent expression patterns, and that ribosome proteins are non-uniformly expressed across brain regions and cell types.
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37
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Taste buds are not derived from neural crest in mouse, chicken, and zebrafish. Dev Biol 2020; 471:76-88. [PMID: 33326797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our lineage tracing studies using multiple Cre mouse lines showed a concurrent labeling of abundant taste bud cells and the underlying connective tissue with a neural crest (NC) origin, warranting a further examination on the issue of whether there is an NC derivation of taste bud cells. In this study, we mapped NC cell lineages in three different models, Sox10-iCreERT2/tdT mouse, GFP+ neural fold transplantation to GFP- chickens, and Sox10-Cre/GFP-RFP zebrafish model. We found that in mice, Sox10-iCreERT2 specifically labels NC cell lineages with a single dose of tamoxifen at E7.5 and that the labeled cells were widely distributed in the connective tissue of the tongue. No labeled cells were found in taste buds or the surrounding epithelium in the postnatal mice. In the GFP+/GFP- chicken chimera model, GFP+ cells migrated extensively to the cranial region of chicken embryos ipsilateral to the surgery side but were absent in taste buds in the base of oral cavity and palate. In zebrafish, Sox10-Cre/GFP-RFP faithfully labeled known NC-derived tissues but did not label taste buds in lower jaw or the barbel. Our data, together with previous findings in axolotl, indicate that taste buds are not derived from NC cells in rodents, birds, amphibians or teleost fish.
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38
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Specific Deletion of the Astrocyte Leptin Receptor Induces Changes in Hippocampus Glutamate Metabolism, Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity. Neuroscience 2020; 447:182-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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39
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Acute brain injuries trigger microglia as an additional source of the proteoglycan NG2. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:146. [PMID: 32843103 PMCID: PMC7449013 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NG2 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein known as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4). In the healthy central nervous system, NG2 is exclusively expressed by oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and by vasculature pericytes. A large body of immunohistochemical studies showed that under pathological conditions such as acute brain injuries and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a number of activated microglia were NG2 immuno-positive, suggesting NG2 expression in these cells. Alternative explanations for the microglial NG2 labeling consider the biochemical properties of NG2 or the phagocytic activity of activated microglia. Reportedly, the transmembrane NG2 proteoglycan can be cleaved by a variety of proteases to deposit the NG2 ectodomain into the extracellular matrix. The ectodomain, however, could also stick to the microglial surface. Since microglia are phagocytic cells engulfing debris of dying cells, it is difficult to identify a genuine expression of NG2. Recent studies showing (1) pericytes giving rise to microglial after stroke, and (2) immune cells of NG2-EYFP knock-in mice lacking NG2 expression in an EAE model generated doubts for the de novo expression of NG2 in microglia after acute brain injuries. In the current study, we took advantage of three knock-in mouse lines (NG2-CreERT2, CX3CR1-EGFP and NG2-EYFP) to study NG2 expression indicated by transgenic fluorescent proteins in microglia after tMCAO (transient middle cerebral artery occlusion) or cortical stab wound injury (SWI). We provide strong evidence that NG2-expressing cells, including OPCs and pericytes, did not differentiate into microglia after acute brain injuries, whereas activated microglia did express NG2 in a disease-dependent manner. A subset of microglia continuously activated the NG2 gene at least within the first week after tMCAO, whereas within 3 days after SWI a limited number of microglia at the lesion site transiently expressed NG2. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that these microglia with NG2 gene activity also synthesized the NG2 protein, suggesting activated microglia as an additional source of the NG2 proteoglycan after acute brain injuries.
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40
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MacDonald AJ, Ellacott KLJ. Astrocytes in the nucleus of the solitary tract: Contributions to neural circuits controlling physiology. Physiol Behav 2020; 223:112982. [PMID: 32535136 PMCID: PMC7378570 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is the primary brainstem centre for the integration of physiological information from the periphery transmitted via the vagus nerve. In turn, the NTS feeds into downstream circuits regulating physiological parameters. Astrocytes are glial cells which have key roles in maintaining CNS tissue homeostasis and regulating neuronal communication. Recently an increasing number of studies have implicated astrocytes in the regulation of synaptic transmission and physiology. This review aims to highlight evidence for a role for astrocytes in the functions of the NTS. Astrocytes maintain and modulate NTS synaptic transmission contributing to the control of diverse physiological systems namely cardiovascular, respiratory, glucoregulatory, and gastrointestinal. In addition, it appears these cells may have a role in central control of feeding behaviour. As such these cells are a key component of signal processing and physiological control by the NTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J MacDonald
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Level 4, RILD, Barrack Rd, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Kate L J Ellacott
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Level 4, RILD, Barrack Rd, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK.
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41
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Zhang N, Zhang Z, He R, Li H, Ding S. GLAST-CreER T2 mediated deletion of GDNF increases brain damage and exacerbates long-term stroke outcomes after focal ischemic stroke in mouse model. Glia 2020; 68:2395-2414. [PMID: 32497340 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Focal ischemic stroke (FIS) is a leading cause of human death. Glial scar formation largely caused by reactive astrogliosis in peri-infarct region (PIR) is the hallmark of FIS. Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was originally isolated from a rat glioma cell-line supernatant and is a potent survival neurotrophic factor. Here, using CreERT2 -LoxP recombination technology, we generated inducible and astrocyte-specific GDNF conditional knockout (cKO), that is, GLAST-GDNF-/- cKO mice to investigate the effect of reactive astrocytes (RAs)-derived GDNF on neuronal death, brain damage, oxidative stress and motor function recovery after photothrombosis (PT)-induced FIS. Under non-ischemic conditions, we found that adult GLAST-GDNF-/- cKO mice exhibited significant lower numbers of Brdu+, Ki67+ cells, and DCX+ cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) in hippocampus than GDNF floxed (GDNFf/f ) control (Ctrl) mice, indicating endogenous astrocytic GDNF can promote adult neurogenesis. Under ischemic conditions, GLAST-GDNF-/- cKO mice had a significant increase in infarct volume, hippocampal damage and FJB+ degenerating neurons after PT as compared with the Ctrl mice. GLAST-GDNF-/- cKO mice also had lower densities of Brdu+ and Ki67+ cells in the PIR and exhibited larger behavioral deficits than the Ctrl mice. Mechanistically, GDNF deficiency in astrocytes increased oxidative stress through the downregulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in RAs. In summary, our study indicates that RAs-derived endogenous GDNF plays important roles in reducing brain damage and promoting brain recovery after FIS through neural regeneration and suggests that promoting anti-oxidant mechanism in RAs is a potential strategy in stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zhang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Rui He
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Hailong Li
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Shinghua Ding
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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42
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Felix L, Stephan J, Rose CR. Astrocytes of the early postnatal brain. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 54:5649-5672. [PMID: 32406559 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the rodent forebrain, the majority of astrocytes are generated during the early postnatal phase. Following differentiation, astrocytes undergo maturation which accompanies the development of the neuronal network. Neonate astrocytes exhibit a distinct morphology and domain size which differs to their mature counterparts. Moreover, many of the plasma membrane proteins prototypical for fully developed astrocytes are only expressed at low levels at neonatal stages. These include connexins and Kir4.1, which define the low membrane resistance and highly negative membrane potential of mature astrocytes. Newborn astrocytes moreover express only low amounts of GLT-1, a glutamate transporter critical later in development. Furthermore, they show specific differences in the properties and spatio-temporal pattern of intracellular calcium signals, resulting from differences in their repertoire of receptors and signalling pathways. Therefore, roles fulfilled by mature astrocytes, including ion and transmitter homeostasis, are underdeveloped in the young brain. Similarly, astrocytic ion signalling in response to neuronal activity, a process central to neuron-glia interaction, differs between the neonate and mature brain. This review describes the unique functional properties of astrocytes in the first weeks after birth and compares them to later stages of development. We conclude that with an immature neuronal network and wider extracellular space, astrocytic support might not be as demanding and critical compared to the mature brain. The delayed differentiation and maturation of astrocytes in the first postnatal weeks might thus reflect a reduced need for active, energy-consuming regulation of the extracellular space and a less tight control of glial feedback onto synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Felix
- Institute of Neurobiology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jonathan Stephan
- Institute of Neurobiology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christine R Rose
- Institute of Neurobiology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Structural basis of astrocytic Ca 2+ signals at tripartite synapses. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1906. [PMID: 32312988 PMCID: PMC7170846 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15648-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytic Ca2+ signals can be fast and local, supporting the idea that astrocytes have the ability to regulate single synapses. However, the anatomical basis of such specific signaling remains unclear, owing to difficulties in resolving the spongiform domain of astrocytes where most tripartite synapses are located. Using 3D-STED microscopy in living organotypic brain slices, we imaged the spongiform domain of astrocytes and observed a reticular meshwork of nodes and shafts that often formed loop-like structures. These anatomical features were also observed in acute hippocampal slices and in barrel cortex in vivo. The majority of dendritic spines were contacted by nodes and their sizes were correlated. FRAP experiments and Ca2+ imaging showed that nodes were biochemical compartments and Ca2+ microdomains. Mapping astrocytic Ca2+ signals onto STED images of nodes and dendritic spines showed they were associated with individual synapses. Here, we report on the nanoscale organization of astrocytes, identifying nodes as a functional astrocytic component of tripartite synapses that may enable synapse-specific communication between neurons and astrocytes. Astrocytic Ca2+ signals can be fast and local, supporting the idea that astrocytes have the ability to regulate single synapses. Here, the authors report the organization of astrocytes at nanoscale level and identify nodes as a functional astrocytic component of tripartite synapses.
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Deletion of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in Astrocytes during Demyelination Reduces Brain Inflammation and Promotes Myelin Regeneration in Mice. J Neurosci 2020; 40:3332-3347. [PMID: 32169969 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1644-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether Cav1.2 voltage-gated Ca2+ channels contribute to astrocyte activation, we generated an inducible conditional knock-out mouse in which the Cav1.2 α subunit was deleted in GFAP-positive astrocytes. This astrocytic Cav1.2 knock-out mouse was tested in the cuprizone model of myelin injury and repair which causes astrocyte and microglia activation in the absence of a lymphocytic response. Deletion of Cav1.2 channels in GFAP-positive astrocytes during cuprizone-induced demyelination leads to a significant reduction in the degree of astrocyte and microglia activation and proliferation in mice of either sex. Concomitantly, the production of proinflammatory factors such as TNFα, IL1β and TGFβ1 was significantly decreased in the corpus callosum and cortex of Cav1.2 knock-out mice through demyelination. Furthermore, this mild inflammatory environment promotes oligodendrocyte progenitor cells maturation and myelin regeneration across the remyelination phase of the cuprizone model. Similar results were found in animals treated with nimodipine, a Cav1.2 Ca2+ channel inhibitor with high affinity to the CNS. Mice of either sex injected with nimodipine during the demyelination stage of the cuprizone treatment displayed a reduced number of reactive astrocytes and showed a faster and more efficient brain remyelination. Together, these results indicate that Cav1.2 Ca2+ channels play a crucial role in the induction and proliferation of reactive astrocytes during demyelination; and that attenuation of astrocytic voltage-gated Ca2+ influx may be an effective therapy to reduce brain inflammation and promote myelin recovery in demyelinating diseases.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Reducing voltage-gated Ca2+ influx in astrocytes during brain demyelination significantly attenuates brain inflammation and astrocyte reactivity. Furthermore, these changes promote myelin restoration and oligodendrocyte maturation throughout remyelination.
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Pillet LE, Cresto N, Saillour Y, Ghézali G, Bemelmans AP, Livet J, Bienvenu T, Rouach N, Billuart P. The intellectual disability protein Oligophrenin-1 controls astrocyte morphology and migration. Glia 2020; 68:1729-1742. [PMID: 32073702 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are involved in several aspects of neuronal development and properties which are altered in intellectual disability (ID). Oligophrenin-1 is a RhoGAP protein implicated in actin cytoskeleton regulation, and whose mutations are associated with X-linked ID. Oligophrenin-1 is expressed in neurons, where its functions have been widely reported at the synapse, as well as in glial cells. However, its roles in astrocytes are still largely unexplored. Using in vitro and in vivo models of oligophrenin1 disruption in astrocytes, we found that oligophrenin1 regulates at the molecular level the RhoA/ROCK/MLC2 pathway in astroglial cells. We also showed at the cellular level that oligophrenin1 modulates astrocyte morphology and migration both in vitro and in vivo, and is involved in glial scar formation. Altogether, these data suggest that oligophrenin1 deficiency alters not only neuronal but also astrocytic functions, which might contribute to the development of ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure-Elise Pillet
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Doctoral School N°562, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Institut Cochin, INSERM UMR 1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Noémie Cresto
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Saillour
- Institut Cochin, INSERM UMR 1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Grégory Ghézali
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Alexis-Pierre Bemelmans
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de biologie François Jacob, MIRCen, and CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jean Livet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Bienvenu
- Institut Cochin, INSERM UMR 1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Rouach
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Billuart
- Institut Cochin, INSERM UMR 1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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46
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Yu X, Nagai J, Khakh BS. Improved tools to study astrocytes. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 21:121-138. [DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-0264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Petrelli F, Dallérac G, Pucci L, Calì C, Zehnder T, Sultan S, Lecca S, Chicca A, Ivanov A, Asensio CS, Gundersen V, Toni N, Knott GW, Magara F, Gertsch J, Kirchhoff F, Déglon N, Giros B, Edwards RH, Mothet JP, Bezzi P. Dysfunction of homeostatic control of dopamine by astrocytes in the developing prefrontal cortex leads to cognitive impairments. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:732-749. [PMID: 30127471 PMCID: PMC7156348 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes orchestrate neural development by powerfully coordinating synapse formation and function and, as such, may be critically involved in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental abnormalities and cognitive deficits commonly observed in psychiatric disorders. Here, we report the identification of a subset of cortical astrocytes that are competent for regulating dopamine (DA) homeostasis during postnatal development of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), allowing for optimal DA-mediated maturation of excitatory circuits. Such control of DA homeostasis occurs through the coordinated activity of astroglial vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) together with organic cation transporter 3 and monoamine oxidase type B, two key proteins for DA uptake and metabolism. Conditional deletion of VMAT2 in astrocytes postnatally produces loss of PFC DA homeostasis, leading to defective synaptic transmission and plasticity as well as impaired executive functions. Our findings show a novel role for PFC astrocytes in the DA modulation of cognitive performances with relevance to psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Petrelli
- 0000 0001 2165 4204grid.9851.5Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Glenn Dallérac
- 0000 0001 2176 4817grid.5399.6Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie et Neurophysiologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université UMR7286 CNRS, 13344 Marseille, Cedex 15 France
| | - Luca Pucci
- 0000 0001 2165 4204grid.9851.5Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Corrado Calì
- 0000 0001 2165 4204grid.9851.5Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland ,0000 0001 1926 5090grid.45672.32BESE division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955-69000 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tamara Zehnder
- 0000 0001 2165 4204grid.9851.5Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Sultan
- 0000 0001 2165 4204grid.9851.5Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Salvatore Lecca
- 0000 0001 2165 4204grid.9851.5Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Chicca
- 0000 0001 0726 5157grid.5734.5Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBMM), University of Bern, Buehlstrasse, 28 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrei Ivanov
- “Biophotonics and Synapse Physiopathology” Team, UMR9188 CNRS – ENS Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Cédric S. Asensio
- 0000 0001 2297 6811grid.266102.1Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Vidar Gundersen
- 0000 0004 1936 8921grid.5510.1CMBN, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nicolas Toni
- 0000 0001 2165 4204grid.9851.5Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Graham William Knott
- 0000000121839049grid.5333.6BioEM Facility, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fulvio Magara
- 0000 0001 2165 4204grid.9851.5Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital Center, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- 0000 0001 0726 5157grid.5734.5Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBMM), University of Bern, Buehlstrasse, 28 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- 0000 0001 2167 7588grid.11749.3aDepartment of Molecular Physiology, University of Saarland, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Déglon
- 0000 0001 0423 4662grid.8515.9Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland ,0000 0001 0423 4662grid.8515.9Neuroscience Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Giros
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bDepartment of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H1R3 Canada ,0000 0001 2112 9282grid.4444.0INSERM, UMRS 1130; CNRS, UMR 8246; Sorbonne University UPMC, Neuroscience Paris-Seine, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Robert H. Edwards
- 0000 0001 2297 6811grid.266102.1Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Mothet
- Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie et Neurophysiologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université UMR7286 CNRS, 13344, Marseille, Cedex 15, France. .,"Biophotonics and Synapse Physiopathology" Team, UMR9188 CNRS - ENS Paris Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France.
| | - Paola Bezzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Hippocampal µ-opioid receptors on GABAergic neurons mediate stress-induced impairment of memory retrieval. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:977-992. [PMID: 31142818 PMCID: PMC7192851 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0435-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Stressful life events induce abnormalities in emotional and cognitive behaviour. The endogenous opioid system plays an essential role in stress adaptation and coping strategies. In particular, the µ-opioid receptor (μR), one of the major opioid receptors, strongly influences memory processing in that alterations in μR signalling are associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders. However, it remains unclear whether μR signalling contributes to memory impairments induced by acute stress. Here, we utilized pharmacological methods and cell-type-selective/non-cell-type-selective μR depletion approaches combined with behavioural tests, biochemical analyses, and in vitro electrophysiological recordings to investigate the role of hippocampal μR signalling in memory-retrieval impairment induced by acute elevated platform (EP) stress in mice. Biochemical and molecular analyses revealed that hippocampal μRs were significantly activated during acute stress. Blockage of hippocampal μRs, non-selective deletion of μRs or selective deletion of μRs on GABAergic neurons (μRGABA) reversed EP-stress-induced impairment of memory retrieval, with no effect on the elevation of serum corticosterone after stress. Electrophysiological results demonstrated that stress depressed hippocampal GABAergic synaptic transmission to CA1 pyramidal neurons, thereby leading to excitation/inhibition (E/I) imbalance in a μRGABA-dependent manner. Pharmaceutically enhancing hippocampal GABAA receptor-mediated inhibitory currents in stressed mice restored their memory retrieval, whereas inhibiting those currents in the unstressed mice mimicked the stress-induced impairment of memory retrieval. Our findings reveal a novel pathway in which endogenous opioids recruited by acute stress predominantly activate μRGABA to depress GABAergic inhibitory effects on CA1 pyramidal neurons, which subsequently alters the E/I balance in the hippocampus and results in impairment of memory retrieval.
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49
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Hu NY, Chen YT, Wang Q, Jie W, Liu YS, You QL, Li ZL, Li XW, Reibel S, Pfrieger FW, Yang JM, Gao TM. Expression Patterns of Inducible Cre Recombinase Driven by Differential Astrocyte-Specific Promoters in Transgenic Mouse Lines. Neurosci Bull 2019; 36:530-544. [PMID: 31828740 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00451-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system (CNS). They provide trophic support for neurons, modulate synaptic transmission and plasticity, and contribute to neuronal dysfunction. Many transgenic mouse lines have been generated to obtain astrocyte-specific expression of inducible Cre recombinase for functional studies; however, the expression patterns of inducible Cre recombinase in these lines have not been systematically characterized. We generated a new astrocyte-specific Aldh1l1-CreERT2 knock-in mouse line and compared the expression pattern of Cre recombinase between this and five widely-used transgenic lines (hGfap-CreERT2 from The Jackson Laboratory and The Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center, Glast-CreERT2, Cx30-CreERT2, and Fgfr3-iCreERT2) by crossing with Ai14 mice, which express tdTomato fluorescence following Cre-mediated recombination. In adult Aldh1l1-CreERT2:Ai14 transgenic mice, tdTomato was detected throughout the CNS, and five novel morphologically-defined types of astrocyte were described. Among the six evaluated lines, the specificity of Cre-mediated recombination was highest when driven by Aldh1l1 and lowest when driven by hGfap; in the latter mice, co-staining between tdTomato and NeuN was observed in the hippocampus and cortex. Notably, evident leakage was noted in Fgfr3-iCreERT2 mice, and the expression level of tdTomato was low in the thalamus when Cre recombinase expression was driven by Glast and in the capsular part of the central amygdaloid nucleus when driven by Cx30. Furthermore, tdTomato was clearly expressed in peripheral organs in four of the lines. Our results emphasize that the astrocyte-specific CreERT2 transgenic lines used in functional studies should be carefully selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng-Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ya-Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wei Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yi-Si Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qiang-Long You
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ze-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Sophie Reibel
- Chronobiotron - UMS 3415, University of Strasbourg, 67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frank W Pfrieger
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jian-Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Tian-Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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50
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Müller-Fielitz H, Schwaninger M. The Role of Tanycytes in the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis and
the Possibilities for Their Genetic Manipulation. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2019; 128:388-394. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1065-1855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThyroid hormone (TH) regulation is important for development, energy homeostasis,
heart function, and bone formation. To control the effects of TH in target
organs, the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and the tissue-specific
availability of TH are highly regulated by negative feedback. To exert a central
feedback, TH must enter the brain via specific transport mechanisms and cross
the blood-brain barrier. Here, tanycytes, which are located in the ventral walls
of the 3rd ventricle in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH), function as
gatekeepers. Tanycytes are able to transport, sense, and modify the release of
hormones of the HPT axis and are involved in feedback regulation. In this
review, we focus on the relevance of tanycytes in thyrotropin-releasing hormone
(TRH) release and review available genetic tools to investigate the
physiological functions of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helge Müller-Fielitz
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology,
Lübeck, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology,
Lübeck, University of Lübeck, Germany
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