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López-Villodres JA, García-Díaz B. Oligodendroctyes: the forgotten players of diabetes pathophysiology. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2349-2350. [PMID: 38526269 PMCID: PMC11090424 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio López-Villodres
- Departamento Fisiología Humana, Histología Humana, Anatomía Patológica y Educación Física y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Beatriz García-Díaz
- UGC Neurociencia. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma Bionand), Málaga, Spain
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2
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Yu L, Chen Z, Zhou X, Teng F, Bai QR, Li L, Li Y, Liu Y, Zeng Q, Wang Y, Wang M, Xu Y, Tang X, Wang X. KARS Mutations Impair Brain Myelination by Inducing Oligodendrocyte Deficiency: One Potential Mechanism and Improvement by Melatonin. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12998. [PMID: 39087379 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
It is very crucial to investigate key molecules that are involved in myelination to gain an understanding of brain development and injury. We have reported for the first time that pathogenic variants p.R477H and p.P505S in KARS, which encodes lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS), cause leukoencephalopathy with progressive cognitive impairment in humans. The role and action mechanisms of KARS in brain myelination during development are unknown. Here, we first generated Kars knock-in mouse models through the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Kars knock-in mice displayed significant cognitive deficits. These mice also showed significantly reduced myelin density and content, as well as significantly decreased myelin thickness during development. In addition, Kars mutations significantly induced oligodendrocyte differentiation arrest and reduction in the brain white matter of mice. Mechanically, oligodendrocytes' significantly imbalanced expression of differentiation regulators and increased capase-3-mediated apoptosis were observed in the brain white matter of Kars knock-in mice. Furthermore, Kars mutations significantly reduced the aminoacylation and steady-state level of mitochondrial tRNALys and decreased the protein expression of subunits of oxidative phosphorylation complexes in the brain white matter. Kars knock-in mice showed decreased activity of complex IV and significantly reduced ATP production and increased reactive oxygen species in the brain white matter. Significantly increased percentages of abnormal mitochondria and mitochondrion area were observed in the oligodendrocytes of Kars knock-in mouse brain. Finally, melatonin (a mitochondrion protectant) significantly attenuated mitochondrion and oligodendrocyte deficiency in the brain white matter of KarsR504H/P532S mice. The mice treated with melatonin also showed significantly restored myelination and cognitive function. Our study first establishes Kars knock-in mammal models of leukoencephalopathy and cognitive impairment and indicates important roles of KARS in the regulation of mitochondria, oligodendrocyte differentiation and survival, and myelination during brain development and application prospects of melatonin in KARS (or even aaRS)-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Yu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhilin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Teng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Ran Bai
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixi Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunhong Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery & Neurocritical Care, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaling Xu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Tang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xijin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Sajad M, Zahoor I, Rashid F, Cerghet M, Rattan R, Giri S. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase-Dependent Metabolic Programming Affects the Oligodendrocyte Maturation and Remyelination. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:397-410. [PMID: 37620688 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03546-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic needs of the premature/premyelinating oligodendrocytes (pre-OLs) and mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) are distinct. The metabolic control of oligodendrocyte maturation from the pre-OLs to the OLs is not fully understood. Here, we show that the terminal maturation and higher mitochondrial respiration in the OLs is an integrated process controlled through pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (Pdh). Combined bioenergetics and metabolic studies show that OLs show elevated mitochondrial respiration than the pre-OLs. Our signaling studies show that the increased mitochondrial respiration activity in the OLs is mediated by the activation of Pdh due to inhibition of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1 (Pdhk1) that phosphorylates and inhibits Pdh activity. Accordingly, when Pdhk1 is directly expressed in the pre-OLs, they fail to mature into the OLs. While Pdh converts pyruvate into the acetyl-CoA by its oxidative decarboxylation, our study shows that Pdh-dependent acetyl-CoA generation from pyruvate contributes to the acetylation of the bHLH family transcription factor, oligodendrocyte transcription factor 1 (Olig1) which is known to be involved in the OL maturation. Pdh inhibition via direct expression of Pdhk1 in the pre-OLs blocks the Olig1-acetylation and OL maturation. Using the cuprizone model of demyelination, we show that Pdh is deactivated during the demyelination phase, which is however reversed in the remyelination phase upon cuprizone withdrawal. In addition, Pdh activity status correlates with the Olig1-acetylation status in the cuprizone model. Hence, the Pdh metabolic node activation allows a robust mitochondrial respiration and activation of a molecular program necessary for the terminal maturation of oligodendrocytes. Our findings open a new dialogue in the developmental biology that links cellular development and metabolism. These findings have far-reaching implications in the development of therapies for a variety of demyelinating disorders including multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sajad
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Insha Zahoor
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Faraz Rashid
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Mirela Cerghet
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Ramandeep Rattan
- Gynecologic Oncology and Developmental Therapeutics Research Program, Henry Ford Health Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Shailendra Giri
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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4
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Sun X, Qian M, Li H, Wang L, Zhao Y, Yin M, Dai L, Bao H. FKBP5 activates mitophagy by ablating PPAR-γ to shape a benign remyelination environment. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:736. [PMID: 37952053 PMCID: PMC10640650 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is characterized by myelin damage, followed by axonal and ultimately neuronal loss, which has been found to be associated with mitophagy. The etiology and pathology of MS remain elusive. However, the role of FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5, also called FKBP51), a newly identified gene associated with MS, in the progression of the disease has not been well defined. Here, we observed that the progress of myelin loss and regeneration in Fkbp5ko mice treated with demyelination for the same amount of time was significantly slower than that in wild-type mice, and that mitophagy plays an important regulatory role in this process. To investigate the mechanism, we discovered that the levels of FKBP5 protein were greatly enhanced in the CNS of cuprizone (CPZ) mice and the myelin-denuded environment stimulates significant activation of the PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, in which the important regulator, PPAR-γ, is critically regulated by FKBP5. This study reveals the role of FKBP5 in regulating a dynamic pathway of natural restorative regulation of mitophagy through PPAR-γ in pathological demyelinating settings, which may provide potential targets for the treatment of demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzong Sun
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Menghan Qian
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Yunjie Zhao
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Min Yin
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - Lili Dai
- School of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, 650214, China.
| | - Hongkun Bao
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
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Yuan D, Huang B, Gu M, Qin BE, Su Z, Dai K, Peng FH, Jiang Y. Exploring Shared Genetic Signatures of Alzheimer's Disease and Multiple Sclerosis: A Bioinformatic Analysis Study. Eur Neurol 2023; 86:363-376. [PMID: 37848007 PMCID: PMC10733940 DOI: 10.1159/000533397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many clinical studies reported the coexistence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS), but the common molecular signature between AD and MS remains elusive. The purpose of our study was to explore the genetic linkage between AD and MS through bioinformatic analysis, providing new insights into the shared signatures and possible pathogenesis of two diseases. METHODS The common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined between AD and MS from datasets obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Further, functional and pathway enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction network construction, and identification of hub genes were carried out. The expression level of hub genes was validated in two other external AD and MS datasets. Transcription factor (TF)-gene interactions and gene-miRNA interactions were performed in NetworkAnalyst. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to evaluate the predictive value of hub genes. RESULTS A total of 75 common DEGs were identified between AD and MS. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis emphasized the importance of exocytosis and synaptic vesicle cycle, respectively. Six significant hub genes, including CCL2, CD44, GFAP, NEFM, STXBP1, and TCEAL6, were identified and verified as common hub genes shared by AD and MS. FOXC1 and hsa-mir-16-5p are the most common TF and miRNA in regulating hub genes, respectively. In the ROC curve analysis, all hub genes showed good efficiency in helping distinguish patients from controls. CONCLUSION Our study first identified a common genetic signature between AD and MS, paving the road for investigating shared mechanism of AD and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasen Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bihui Huang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Meifeng Gu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bang-e Qin
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhihui Su
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Kai Dai
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Fu-hua Peng
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Narine M, Azmi MA, Umali M, Volz A, Colognato H. The AMPK activator metformin improves recovery from demyelination by shifting oligodendrocyte bioenergetics and accelerating OPC differentiation. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1254303. [PMID: 37904733 PMCID: PMC10613472 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1254303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease characterized by immune-mediated destruction of myelinating oligodendroglia in the central nervous system. Loss of myelin leads to neurological dysfunction and, if myelin repair fails, neurodegeneration of the denuded axons. Virtually all treatments for MS act by suppressing immune function, but do not alter myelin repair outcomes or long-term disability. Excitingly, the diabetes drug metformin, a potent activator of the cellular "energy sensor" AMPK complex, has recently been reported to enhance recovery from demyelination. In aged mice, metformin can restore responsiveness of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) to pro-differentiation cues, enhancing their ability to differentiate and thus repair myelin. However, metformin's influence on young oligodendroglia remains poorly understood. Here we investigated metformin's effect on the temporal dynamics of differentiation and metabolism in young, healthy oligodendroglia and in oligodendroglia following myelin damage in young adult mice. Our findings reveal that metformin accelerates early stages of myelin repair following cuprizone-induced myelin damage. Metformin treatment of both isolated OPCs and oligodendrocytes altered cellular bioenergetics, but in distinct ways, suppressing oxidative phosphorylation and enhancing glycolysis in OPCs, but enhancing oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in both immature and mature oligodendrocytes. In addition, metformin accelerated the differentiation of OPCs to oligodendrocytes in an AMPK-dependent manner that was also dependent on metformin's ability to modulate cell metabolism. In summary, metformin dramatically alters metabolism and accelerates oligodendroglial differentiation both in health and following myelin damage. This finding broadens our knowledge of metformin's potential to promote myelin repair in MS and in other diseases with myelin loss or altered myelination dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanlall Narine
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Program in Neurosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Maryam A. Azmi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Martin Umali
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Ashley Volz
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Holly Colognato
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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Pukoli D, Vécsei L. Smouldering Lesion in MS: Microglia, Lymphocytes and Pathobiochemical Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12631. [PMID: 37628811 PMCID: PMC10454160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated, chronic inflammatory, demyelinating, and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Immune cell infiltration can lead to permanent activation of macrophages and microglia in the parenchyma, resulting in demyelination and neurodegeneration. Thus, neurodegeneration that begins with acute lymphocytic inflammation may progress to chronic inflammation. This chronic inflammation is thought to underlie the development of so-called smouldering lesions. These lesions evolve from acute inflammatory lesions and are associated with continuous low-grade demyelination and neurodegeneration over many years. Their presence is associated with poor disease prognosis and promotes the transition to progressive MS, which may later manifest clinically as progressive MS when neurodegeneration exceeds the upper limit of functional compensation. In smouldering lesions, in the presence of only moderate inflammatory activity, a toxic environment is clearly identifiable and contributes to the progressive degeneration of neurons, axons, and oligodendrocytes and, thus, to clinical disease progression. In addition to the cells of the immune system, the development of oxidative stress in MS lesions, mitochondrial damage, and hypoxia caused by the resulting energy deficit and iron accumulation are thought to play a role in this process. In addition to classical immune mediators, this chronic toxic environment contains high concentrations of oxidants and iron ions, as well as the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. In this review, we will discuss how these pathobiochemical markers and mechanisms, alone or in combination, lead to neuronal, axonal, and glial cell death and ultimately to the process of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, and then discuss the concepts and conclusions that emerge from these findings. Understanding the role of these pathobiochemical markers would be important to gain a better insight into the relationship between the clinical classification and the pathomechanism of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Pukoli
- Department of Neurology, Esztergomi Vaszary Kolos Hospital, 2500 Esztergom, Hungary;
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6., H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, ELKH-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, University of Szeged (ELKH-SZTE), Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
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8
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She R, Liu D, Liao J, Wang G, Ge J, Mei Z. Mitochondrial dysfunctions induce PANoptosis and ferroptosis in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury: from pathology to therapeutic potential. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1191629. [PMID: 37293623 PMCID: PMC10244524 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1191629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) accounts for more than 80% of the total stroke, which represents the leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI) is a cascade of pathophysiological events following the restoration of blood flow and reoxygenation, which not only directly damages brain tissue, but also enhances a series of pathological signaling cascades, contributing to inflammation, further aggravate the damage of brain tissue. Paradoxically, there are still no effective methods to prevent CI/RI, since the detailed underlying mechanisms remain vague. Mitochondrial dysfunctions, which are characterized by mitochondrial oxidative stress, Ca2+ overload, iron dyshomeostasis, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) defects and mitochondrial quality control (MQC) disruption, are closely relevant to the pathological process of CI/RI. There is increasing evidence that mitochondrial dysfunctions play vital roles in the regulation of programmed cell deaths (PCDs) such as ferroptosis and PANoptosis, a newly proposed conception of cell deaths characterized by a unique form of innate immune inflammatory cell death that regulated by multifaceted PANoptosome complexes. In the present review, we highlight the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunctions and how this key event contributes to inflammatory response as well as cell death modes during CI/RI. Neuroprotective agents targeting mitochondrial dysfunctions may serve as a promising treatment strategy to alleviate serious secondary brain injuries. A comprehensive insight into mitochondrial dysfunctions-mediated PCDs can help provide more effective strategies to guide therapies of CI/RI in IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruining She
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Danhong Liu
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Liao
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guozuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
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Gil M, Gama V. Emerging mitochondrial-mediated mechanisms involved in oligodendrocyte development. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:354-366. [PMID: 36461887 PMCID: PMC9851982 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating glia of the central nervous system and are generated after oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) transition into pre-oligodendrocytes and then into myelinating oligodendrocytes. Myelin is essential for proper signal transmission within the nervous system and axonal metabolic support. Although the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that support the differentiation, survival, integration, and subsequent myelination of appropriate axons have been well investigated, little is known about how mitochondria-related pathways such as mitochondrial dynamics, bioenergetics, and apoptosis finely tune these developmental events. Previous findings suggest that changes to mitochondrial morphology act as an upstream regulatory mechanism of neural stem cell (NSC) fate decisions. Whether a similar mechanism is engaged during OPC differentiation has yet to be elucidated. Maintenance of mitochondrial dynamics is vital for regulating cellular bioenergetics, functional mitochondrial networks, and the ability of cells to distribute mitochondria to subcellular locations, such as the growing processes of oligodendrocytes. Myelination is an energy-consuming event, thus, understanding the interplay between mitochondrial dynamics, metabolism, and apoptosis will provide further insight into mechanisms that mediate oligodendrocyte development in healthy and disease states. Here we will provide a concise overview of oligodendrocyte development and discuss the potential contribution of mitochondrial mitochondrial-mediated mechanisms to oligodendrocyte bioenergetics and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gil
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - V Gama
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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10
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Li X, Chu Y, Ma R, Dou M, Li S, Song Y, Lv Y, Zhu L. Ferroptosis as a mechanism of oligodendrocyte loss and demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 373:577995. [PMID: 36327618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, distinct from necrosis, autophagy and apoptosis, is a unique form of regulated cell death,and is a potential pathogenic mechanism of neuronal loss and defunction in many neurodegenerative disorders. Recent studies have shown a presence of iron deposition in the central nervous system (CNS) of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, whether ferroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of MS remains unclear. In the present study, we tested certain classical biomarkers of ferroptosis in the spinal cord of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS, to substantiate the relationship between ferroptosis and oligodendrocyte (OL) loss and demyelination. Our results revealed decreased levels of key molecules in glutathione antioxidant mechanisms, including system xC (xCT) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in spinal cord of EAE mice, with evident lipid peroxidation in OLs. Moreover, transferrin receptor and ferritinophagy further catalyzed the generation of lipid reactive oxygen species through the fenton reaction, which induced OL death and demyelination at disease peak of EAE. This phenomenon was largely reversed by administering Fer-1, an inhibitor of ferritin phagocytosis, further validating the key role of ferritin phagocytosis in EAE. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that OL loss and demyelination may be induced in EAE through, at least in part, a mechanism of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; The Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yaojuan Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Mengmeng Dou
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Silu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yifan Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Restoration of Injured Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
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11
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Butler R, Bradford D, Rodgers KE. Analysis of shared underlying mechanism in neurodegenerative disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1006089. [PMID: 36523957 PMCID: PMC9745190 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1006089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, the relationship between bioenergetics, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation will be and how they contribute to neurodegeneration, specifically in Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS) will be reviewed. Long-term changes in mitochondrial function, autophagy dysfunction, and immune activation are commonalities shared across these age-related disorders. Genetic risk factors for these diseases support an autophagy-immune connection in the underlying pathophysiology. Critical areas of deeper evaluation in these bioenergetic processes may lead to potential therapeutics with efficacy across multiple neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kathleen E. Rodgers
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States
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12
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Hametner S, Silvaieh S, Thurnher M, Dal-Bianco A, Cetin H, Ponleitner M, Zebenholzer K, Pemp B, Trattnig S, Rössler K, Berger T, Lassmann H, Hainfellner JA, Bsteh G. A case of primary optic pathway demyelination caused by oncocytic oligodendrogliopathy of unknown origin. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:160. [DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWe report the case of a 22-year-old woman presenting with an acute onset of dizziness, gait dysbalance and blurred vision. Magnetic resonance imaging included 3 Tesla and 7 Tesla imaging and revealed a T2-hyperintense, T1-hypointense, non-contrast-enhancing lesion strictly confined to the white matter affecting the right optic radiation. An extensive ophthalmologic examination yielded mild quadrantanopia but no signs of optic neuropathy. The lesion was biopsied. The neuropathological evaluation revealed a demyelinating lesion with marked tissue vacuolization and granular myelin disintegration accompanied by mild T cell infiltration and a notable absence of myelin uptake by macrophages. Oligodendrocytes were strikingly enlarged, displaying oncocytic characteristics and showed cytoplasmic accumulation of mitochondria, which had mildly abnormal morphology on electron microscopy. The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis was excluded. Harding's disease, a variant of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, was then suspected. However, neither PCR for relevant mutations nor whole exome sequencing yielded known pathogenetic mutations in the patient's genome. We present a pattern of demyelinating tissue injury of unknown etiology with an oncocytic change of oligodendrocytes and a lack of adequate phagocytic response by macrophages, which to the best of our knowledge, has not been described before.
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13
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Bierhansl L, Hartung HP, Aktas O, Ruck T, Roden M, Meuth SG. Thinking outside the box: non-canonical targets in multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:578-600. [PMID: 35668103 PMCID: PMC9169033 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system that causes demyelination, axonal degeneration and astrogliosis, resulting in progressive neurological disability. Fuelled by an evolving understanding of MS immunopathogenesis, the range of available immunotherapies for clinical use has expanded over the past two decades. However, MS remains an incurable disease and even targeted immunotherapies often fail to control insidious disease progression, indicating the need for new and exceptional therapeutic options beyond the established immunological landscape. In this Review, we highlight such non-canonical targets in preclinical MS research with a focus on five highly promising areas: oligodendrocytes; the blood-brain barrier; metabolites and cellular metabolism; the coagulation system; and tolerance induction. Recent findings in these areas may guide the field towards novel targets for future therapeutic approaches in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bierhansl
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Orhan Aktas
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Ruck
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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14
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The Role of Mitochondrial Dynamin in Stroke. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2504798. [PMID: 35571256 PMCID: PMC9106451 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2504798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world. However, the pathophysiological process of stroke is still not fully clarified. Mitochondria play an important role in promoting nerve survival and are an important drug target for the treatment of stroke. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of stroke. Mitochondria are in a state of continuous fission and fusion, which are termed as mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrial dynamics are very important for maintaining various functions of mitochondria. In this review, we will introduce the structure and functions of mitochondrial fission and fusion related proteins and discuss their role in the pathophysiologic process of stroke. A better understanding of mitochondrial dynamin in stroke will pave way for the development of new therapeutic options.
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15
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Lassmann H. The Contribution of Neuropathology to Multiple Sclerosis Research. Eur J Neurol 2022; 29:2869-2877. [PMID: 35427431 PMCID: PMC9544263 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Lassmann
- Center for Brain Research Medical University of Vienna Austria
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16
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Vellosillo L, Pascual-Guerra J, Muñoz MP, Rodríguez-Navarro JA, González-Nieto D, Barrio LC, Lobo MDVT, Paíno CL. Oligodendroglia Generated From Adult Rat Adipose Tissue by Direct Cell Conversion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:741499. [PMID: 35223826 PMCID: PMC8873586 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.741499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obtaining oligodendroglial cells from dispensable tissues would be of great interest for autologous or immunocompatible cell replacement therapy in demyelinating diseases, as well as for studying myelin-related pathologies or testing therapeutic approaches in culture. We evaluated the feasibility of generating oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) from adult rat adipose tissue by expressing genes encoding transcription factors involved in oligodendroglial development. Adipose-derived mesenchymal cells were lentivirally transduced with tetracycline-inducible Sox10, Olig2, Zfp536, and/or Nkx6.1 transgenes. Immunostaining with the OPC-specific O4 monoclonal antibody was used to mark oligodendroglial induction. O4- and myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG)-positive cells emerged after 3 weeks when using the Sox10 + Olig2 + Zfp536 combination, followed in the ensuing weeks by GFAP-, O1 antigen-, p75NTR (low-affinity NGF receptor)-, and myelin proteins-positive cells. The O4+ cell population progressively expanded, eventually constituting more than 70% of cells in culture by 5 months. Sox10 transgene expression was essential for generating O4+ cells but was insufficient for inducing a full oligodendroglial phenotype. Converted cells required continuous transgene expression to maintain their glial phenotype. Some vestigial characteristics of mesenchymal cells were maintained after conversion. Growth factor withdrawal and triiodothyronine (T3) supplementation generated mature oligodendroglial phenotypes, while FBS supplementation produced GFAP+- and p75NTR+-rich cultures. Converted cells also showed functional characteristics of neural-derived OPCs, such as the expression of AMPA, NMDA, kainate, and dopaminergic receptors, as well as similar metabolic responses to differentiation-inducing drugs. When co-cultured with rat dorsal root ganglion neurons, the converted cells differentiated and ensheathed multiple axons. We propose that functional oligodendroglia can be efficiently generated from adult rat mesenchymal cells by direct phenotypic conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Vellosillo
- Servicio de Neurobiología-Investigación, IRYCIS, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Pascual-Guerra
- Servicio de Neurobiología-Investigación, IRYCIS, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Paz Muñoz
- Servicio de Neurobiología-Investigación, IRYCIS, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Rodríguez-Navarro
- Servicio de Neurobiología-Investigación, IRYCIS, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luis Carlos Barrio
- Unidad de Neurología Experimental, IRYCIS, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria del Val Toledo Lobo
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Carlos Luis Paíno
- Servicio de Neurobiología-Investigación, IRYCIS, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Carlos Luis Paíno,
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17
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Jeffries MA, McLane LE, Khandker L, Mather ML, Evangelou AV, Kantak D, Bourne JN, Macklin WB, Wood TL. mTOR Signaling Regulates Metabolic Function in Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells and Promotes Efficient Brain Remyelination in the Cuprizone Model. J Neurosci 2021; 41:8321-8337. [PMID: 34417330 PMCID: PMC8496195 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1377-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, primary loss of myelin and subsequent neuronal degeneration throughout the CNS impair patient functionality. While the importance of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling during developmental myelination is known, no studies have yet directly examined the function of mTOR signaling specifically in the oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage during remyelination. Here, we conditionally deleted Mtor from adult oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) using Ng2-CreERT in male adult mice to test its function in new OLs responsible for remyelination. During early remyelination after cuprizone-induced demyelination, mice lacking mTOR in adult OPCs had unchanged OL numbers but thinner myelin. Myelin thickness recovered by late-stage repair, suggesting a delay in myelin production when Mtor is deleted from adult OPCs. Surprisingly, loss of mTOR in OPCs had no effect on efficiency of remyelination after lysophosphatidylcholine lesions in either the spinal cord or corpus callosum, suggesting that mTOR signaling functions specifically in a pathway dysregulated by cuprizone to promote remyelination efficiency. We further determined that cuprizone and inhibition of mTOR cooperatively compromise metabolic function in primary rat OLs undergoing differentiation. Together, our results support the conclusion that mTOR signaling in OPCs is required to overcome the metabolic dysfunction in the cuprizone-demyelinated adult brain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Impaired remyelination by oligodendrocytes contributes to the progressive pathology in multiple sclerosis, so it is critical to identify mechanisms of improving remyelination. The goal of this study was to examine mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in remyelination. Here, we provide evidence that mTOR signaling promotes efficient remyelination of the brain after cuprizone-mediated demyelination but has no effect on remyelination after lysophosphatidylcholine demyelination in the spinal cord or brain. We also present novel data revealing that mTOR inhibition and cuprizone treatment additively affect the metabolic profile of differentiating oligodendrocytes, supporting a mechanism for the observed remyelination delay. These data suggest that altered metabolic function may underlie failure of remyelination in multiple sclerosis lesions and that mTOR signaling may be of therapeutic potential for promoting remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa A Jeffries
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience and Center for Cell Signaling, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Lauren E McLane
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience and Center for Cell Signaling, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Luipa Khandker
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience and Center for Cell Signaling, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Marie L Mather
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience and Center for Cell Signaling, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Angelina V Evangelou
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience and Center for Cell Signaling, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Divyangi Kantak
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience and Center for Cell Signaling, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Jennifer N Bourne
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Wendy B Macklin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Teresa L Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience and Center for Cell Signaling, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103
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18
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Antipsychotic drugs counteract autophagy and mitophagy in multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2020078118. [PMID: 34099564 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020078118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease characterized by myelin damage followed by axonal and ultimately neuronal loss. The etiology and physiopathology of MS are still elusive, and no fully effective therapy is yet available. We investigated the role in MS of autophagy (physiologically, a controlled intracellular pathway regulating the degradation of cellular components) and of mitophagy (a specific form of autophagy that removes dysfunctional mitochondria). We found that the levels of autophagy and mitophagy markers are significantly increased in the biofluids of MS patients during the active phase of the disease, indicating activation of these processes. In keeping with this idea, in vitro and in vivo MS models (induced by proinflammatory cytokines, lysolecithin, and cuprizone) are associated with strongly impaired mitochondrial activity, inducing a lactic acid metabolism and prompting an increase in the autophagic flux and in mitophagy. Multiple structurally and mechanistically unrelated inhibitors of autophagy improved myelin production and normalized axonal myelination, and two such inhibitors, the widely used antipsychotic drugs haloperidol and clozapine, also significantly improved cuprizone-induced motor impairment. These data suggest that autophagy has a causal role in MS; its inhibition strongly attenuates behavioral signs in an experimental model of the disease. Therefore, haloperidol and clozapine may represent additional therapeutic tools against MS.
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19
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Sandi D, Fricska-Nagy Z, Bencsik K, Vécsei L. Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis: Symptoms of Silent Progression, Biomarkers and Neuroprotective Therapy-Kynurenines Are Important Players. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113423. [PMID: 34198750 PMCID: PMC8201043 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is one of the driving forces behind the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Progression without activity, pathopsychological disturbances (cognitive impairment, depression, fatigue) and even optic neuropathy seems to be mainly routed in this mechanism. In this article, we aim to give a comprehensive review of the clinical aspects and symptomology, radiological and molecular markers and potential therapeutic targets of neurodegeneration in connection with MS. As the kynurenine pathway (KP) was evidenced to play an important role in the pathogenesis of other neurodegenerative conditions (even implied to have a causative role in some of these diseases) and more and more recent evidence suggest the same central role in the neurodegenerative processes of MS as well, we pay special attention to the KP. Metabolites of the pathway are researched as biomarkers of the disease and new, promising data arising from clinical evaluations show the possible therapeutic capability of KP metabolites as neuroprotective drugs in MS. Our conclusion is that the kynurenine pathway is a highly important route of research both for diagnostic and for therapeutic values and is expected to yield concrete results for everyday medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Sandi
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (D.S.); (Z.F.-N.); (K.B.)
| | - Zsanett Fricska-Nagy
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (D.S.); (Z.F.-N.); (K.B.)
| | - Krisztina Bencsik
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (D.S.); (Z.F.-N.); (K.B.)
| | - László Vécsei
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (D.S.); (Z.F.-N.); (K.B.)
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-62-545-384; Fax: +36-62-545-597
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20
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Spaas J, van Veggel L, Schepers M, Tiane A, van Horssen J, Wilson DM, Moya PR, Piccart E, Hellings N, Eijnde BO, Derave W, Schreiber R, Vanmierlo T. Oxidative stress and impaired oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation in neurological disorders. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4615-4637. [PMID: 33751149 PMCID: PMC8195802 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) account for 5% of the resident parenchymal central nervous system glial cells. OPCs are not only a back-up for the loss of oligodendrocytes that occurs due to brain injury or inflammation-induced demyelination (remyelination) but are also pivotal in plastic processes such as learning and memory (adaptive myelination). OPC differentiation into mature myelinating oligodendrocytes is controlled by a complex transcriptional network and depends on high metabolic and mitochondrial demand. Mounting evidence shows that OPC dysfunction, culminating in the lack of OPC differentiation, mediates the progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Importantly, neurodegeneration is characterised by oxidative and carbonyl stress, which may primarily affect OPC plasticity due to the high metabolic demand and a limited antioxidant capacity associated with this cell type. The underlying mechanisms of how oxidative/carbonyl stress disrupt OPC differentiation remain enigmatic and a focus of current research efforts. This review proposes a role for oxidative/carbonyl stress in interfering with the transcriptional and metabolic changes required for OPC differentiation. In particular, oligodendrocyte (epi)genetics, cellular defence and repair responses, mitochondrial signalling and respiration, and lipid metabolism represent key mechanisms how oxidative/carbonyl stress may hamper OPC differentiation in neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding how oxidative/carbonyl stress impacts OPC function may pave the way for future OPC-targeted treatment strategies in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Spaas
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt-Pelt, Belgium
- BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieve van Veggel
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt-Pelt, Belgium
- BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Division of Translational Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa Schepers
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt-Pelt, Belgium
- BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Division of Translational Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Assia Tiane
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt-Pelt, Belgium
- BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Division of Translational Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jack van Horssen
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt-Pelt, Belgium
- BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David M Wilson
- BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Pablo R Moya
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Fisiología, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Elisabeth Piccart
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt-Pelt, Belgium
- BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Niels Hellings
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt-Pelt, Belgium
- BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Bert O Eijnde
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt-Pelt, Belgium
- BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, SMRC-Sportsmedical Research Center, BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Wim Derave
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudy Schreiber
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Division of Translational Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- University MS Center (UMSC), Hasselt-Pelt, Belgium.
- BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Division of Translational Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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21
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Goyak KO, Lewis RJ. Application of adverse outcome pathway networks to integrate mechanistic data informing the choice of a point of departure for hydrogen sulfide exposure limits. Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 51:193-208. [PMID: 33905294 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.1897085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute exposure to hydrogen sulfide initiates a series of hallmark biological effects that occur progressively at increasing exposure levels: odor perception, conjunctivitis, olfactory paralysis, "knockdown," pulmonary edema, and apnea. Although effects of exposure to high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide are clear, effects associated with chronic, low-level exposure in humans is under debate, leading to uncertainty in the critical effect used in regulatory risk assessments addressing low dose exposures. This study integrates experimental animal, observational epidemiology, and occupational exposure evidence by applying a pathway-based approach. A hypothesized adverse outcome pathway (AOP) network was developed from 34 studies, composed of 4 AOPs sharing 1 molecular initiating events (MIE) and culminating in 4 adverse outcomes. A comparative assessment of effect levels and weight of evidence identified an AOP leading to a biologically-plausible, low-dose outcome relative to the other outcomes (nasal lesions, 30 ppm versus olfactory paralysis, >100 ppm; neurological effects, >80 ppm; pulmonary edema, >80 ppm). This AOP (i.e. AOP1) consists of the following key events: cytochrome oxidase inhibition (>10 ppm), neuronal cell loss (>30 ppm), and olfactory nasal lesions (defined as both neuronal cell loss and basal cell hyperplasia; >30 ppm) in rodents. The key event relationships in this pathway were supported by moderate empirical evidence and have high biological plausibility due to known mechanistic understanding and consistency in observations for diverse chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy O Goyak
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc., Annandale, NJ, USA
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22
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Tepavčević V. Oligodendroglial Energy Metabolism and (re)Myelination. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:238. [PMID: 33805670 PMCID: PMC7998845 DOI: 10.3390/life11030238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) myelin has a crucial role in accelerating the propagation of action potentials and providing trophic support to the axons. Defective myelination and lack of myelin regeneration following demyelination can both lead to axonal pathology and neurodegeneration. Energy deficit has been evoked as an important contributor to various CNS disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Thus, dysregulation of energy homeostasis in oligodendroglia may be an important contributor to myelin dysfunction and lack of repair observed in the disease. This article will focus on energy metabolism pathways in oligodendroglial cells and highlight differences dependent on the maturation stage of the cell. In addition, it will emphasize that the use of alternative energy sources by oligodendroglia may be required to save glucose for functions that cannot be fulfilled by other metabolites, thus ensuring sufficient energy input for both myelin synthesis and trophic support to the axons. Finally, it will point out that neuropathological findings in a subtype of MS lesions likely reflect defective oligodendroglial energy homeostasis in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanja Tepavčević
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country, Parque Cientifico de la UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Edificio Sede, Planta 3, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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23
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Permeability Transition in Neonatal Brain and Lung Injuries. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030569. [PMID: 33807810 PMCID: PMC7999701 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the potential mechanistic role of abnormally elevated mitochondrial proton leak and mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of neonatal brain and lung injuries associated with premature birth. Providing supporting evidence, we hypothesized that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to postnatal alveolar developmental arrest in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and cerebral myelination failure in diffuse white matter injury (WMI). This review also analyzes data on mitochondrial dysfunction triggered by activation of mitochondrial permeability transition pore(s) (mPTP) during the evolution of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. While the still cryptic molecular identity of mPTP continues to be a subject for extensive basic science research efforts, the translational significance of mitochondrial proton leak received less scientific attention, especially in diseases of the developing organs. This review is focused on the potential mechanistic relevance of mPTP and mitochondrial dysfunction to neonatal diseases driven by developmental failure of organ maturation or by acute ischemia-reperfusion insult during development.
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Niatsetskaya Z, Sosunov S, Stepanova A, Goldman J, Galkin A, Neginskaya M, Pavlov E, Ten V. Cyclophilin D-dependent oligodendrocyte mitochondrial ion leak contributes to neonatal white matter injury. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:5536-5550. [PMID: 32925170 PMCID: PMC7524474 DOI: 10.1172/jci133082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal failure of oligodendrocyte maturation has been proposed as a cellular mechanism of diffuse white matter injury (WMI) in premature infants. However, the molecular mechanisms for oligodendrocyte maturational failure remain unclear. In neonatal mice and cultured differentiating oligodendrocytes, sublethal intermittent hypoxic (IH) stress activated cyclophilin D-dependent mitochondrial proton leak and uncoupled mitochondrial respiration, leading to transient bioenergetic stress. This was associated with development of diffuse WMI: poor oligodendrocyte maturation, diffuse axonal hypomyelination, and permanent sensorimotor deficit. In normoxic mice and oligodendrocytes, exposure to a mitochondrial uncoupler recapitulated the phenotype of WMI, supporting the detrimental role of mitochondrial uncoupling in the pathogenesis of WMI. Compared with WT mice, cyclophilin D-knockout littermates did not develop bioenergetic stress in response to IH challenge and fully preserved oligodendrocyte maturation, axonal myelination, and neurofunction. Our study identified the cyclophilin D-dependent mitochondrial proton leak and uncoupling as a potentially novel subcellular mechanism for the maturational failure of oligodendrocytes and offers a potential therapeutic target for prevention of diffuse WMI in premature infants experiencing chronic IH stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - James Goldman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Maria Neginskaya
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Evgeny Pavlov
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
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De Nuccio C, Bernardo A, Troiano C, Brignone MS, Falchi M, Greco A, Rosini M, Basagni F, Lanni C, Serafini MM, Minghetti L, Visentin S. NRF2 and PPAR-γ Pathways in Oligodendrocyte Progenitors: Focus on ROS Protection, Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Promotion of Cell Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7216. [PMID: 33003644 PMCID: PMC7583077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An adequate protection from oxidative and inflammatory reactions, together with the promotion of oligodendrocyte progenitor (OP) differentiation, is needed to recover from myelin damage in demyelinating diseases. Mitochondria are targets of inflammatory and oxidative insults and are essential in oligodendrocyte differentiation. It is known that nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor/antioxidant responsive element (NRF2/ARE) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma/PPAR-γ response element (PPAR-γ/PPRE) pathways control inflammation and overcome mitochondrial impairment. In this study, we analyzed the effects of activators of these pathways on mitochondrial features, protection from inflammatory/mitochondrial insults and cell differentiation in OP cultures, to depict the specificities and similarities of their actions. We used dimethyl-fumarate (DMF) and pioglitazone (pio) as agents activating NRF2 and PPAR-γ, respectively, and two synthetic hybrids acting differently on the NRF2/ARE pathway. Only DMF and compound 1 caused early effects on the mitochondria. Both DMF and pio induced mitochondrial biogenesis but different antioxidant repertoires. Moreover, pio induced OP differentiation more efficiently than DMF. Finally, DMF, pio and compound 1 protected from tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) insult, with pio showing faster kinetics of action and compound 1 a higher activity than DMF. In conclusion, NRF2 and PPAR-γ by inducing partially overlapping pathways accomplish complementary functions aimed at the preservation of mitochondrial function, the defense against oxidative stress and the promotion of OP differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De Nuccio
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.D.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Antonietta Bernardo
- National Center for Research and Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation of Drugs, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Carmen Troiano
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Mario Falchi
- National Research Center on HIV/AIDS, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Anita Greco
- National Center for Research and Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation of Drugs, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Michela Rosini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Filippo Basagni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Cristina Lanni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.L.); (M.M.S.)
| | | | - Luisa Minghetti
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.D.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Sergio Visentin
- National Center for Research and Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation of Drugs, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.G.)
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Nakamura DS, Lin YH, Khan D, Gothié JDM, de Faria O, Dixon JA, McBride HM, Antel JP, Kennedy TE. Mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics regulated by netrin-1 in oligodendrocytes. Glia 2020; 69:392-412. [PMID: 32910475 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that produce energy and molecular precursors that are essential for myelin synthesis. Unlike in neurons, mitochondria in oligodendrocytes increase intracellular movement in response to glutamatergic activation and are more susceptible to oxidative stress than in astrocytes or microglia. The signaling pathways that regulate these cell type-specific mitochondrial responses in oligodendrocytes are not understood. Here, we visualized mitochondria migrating through thin cytoplasmic channels crossing myelin basic protein-positive compacted membranes and localized within paranodal loop cytoplasm. We hypothesized that local extracellular enrichment of netrin-1 might regulate the recruitment and function of paranodal proteins and organelles, including mitochondria. We identified rapid recruitment of mitochondria and paranodal proteins, including neurofascin 155 (NF155) and the netrin receptor deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC), to sites of contact between oligodendrocytes and netrin-1-coated microbeads in vitro. We provide evidence that Src-family kinase activation and Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibition downstream of netrin-1 induces mitochondrial elongation, hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial inner membrane, and increases glycolysis. Our findings identify a signaling mechanism in oligodendrocytes that is sufficient to locally recruit paranodal proteins and regulate the subcellular localization, morphology, and function of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane S Nakamura
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yun Hsuan Lin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Damla Khan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-David M Gothié
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Omar de Faria
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James A Dixon
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Heidi M McBride
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jack P Antel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Fischer I, Barak B. Molecular and Therapeutic Aspects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Neurological Conditions. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1247. [PMID: 32867291 PMCID: PMC7564723 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), the subject is placed in a chamber containing 100% oxygen gas at a pressure of more than one atmosphere absolute. This treatment is used to hasten tissue recovery and improve its physiological aspects, by providing an increased supply of oxygen to the damaged tissue. In this review, we discuss the consequences of hypoxia, as well as the molecular and physiological processes that occur in subjects exposed to HBOT. We discuss the efficacy of HBOT in treating neurological conditions and neurodevelopmental disorders in both humans and animal models. We summarize by discussing the challenges in this field, and explore future directions that will allow the scientific community to better understand the molecular aspects and applications of HBOT for a wide variety of neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbar Fischer
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
| | - Boaz Barak
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
- The School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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28
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Licht-Mayer S, Campbell GR, Canizares M, Mehta AR, Gane AB, McGill K, Ghosh A, Fullerton A, Menezes N, Dean J, Dunham J, Al-Azki S, Pryce G, Zandee S, Zhao C, Kipp M, Smith KJ, Baker D, Altmann D, Anderton SM, Kap YS, Laman JD, Hart BA', Rodriguez M, Watzlawick R, Schwab JM, Carter R, Morton N, Zagnoni M, Franklin RJM, Mitchell R, Fleetwood-Walker S, Lyons DA, Chandran S, Lassmann H, Trapp BD, Mahad DJ. Enhanced axonal response of mitochondria to demyelination offers neuroprotection: implications for multiple sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 140:143-167. [PMID: 32572598 PMCID: PMC7360646 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Axonal loss is the key pathological substrate of neurological disability in demyelinating disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the consequences of demyelination on neuronal and axonal biology are poorly understood. The abundance of mitochondria in demyelinated axons in MS raises the possibility that increased mitochondrial content serves as a compensatory response to demyelination. Here, we show that upon demyelination mitochondria move from the neuronal cell body to the demyelinated axon, increasing axonal mitochondrial content, which we term the axonal response of mitochondria to demyelination (ARMD). However, following demyelination axons degenerate before the homeostatic ARMD reaches its peak. Enhancement of ARMD, by targeting mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial transport from the cell body to axon, protects acutely demyelinated axons from degeneration. To determine the relevance of ARMD to disease state, we examined MS autopsy tissue and found a positive correlation between mitochondrial content in demyelinated dorsal column axons and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) deficiency in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neuronal cell bodies. We experimentally demyelinated DRG neuron-specific complex IV deficient mice, as established disease models do not recapitulate complex IV deficiency in neurons, and found that these mice are able to demonstrate ARMD, despite the mitochondrial perturbation. Enhancement of mitochondrial dynamics in complex IV deficient neurons protects the axon upon demyelination. Consequently, increased mobilisation of mitochondria from the neuronal cell body to the axon is a novel neuroprotective strategy for the vulnerable, acutely demyelinated axon. We propose that promoting ARMD is likely to be a crucial preceding step for implementing potential regenerative strategies for demyelinating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Licht-Mayer
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Graham R Campbell
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Marco Canizares
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Arpan R Mehta
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Angus B Gane
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Katie McGill
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Aniket Ghosh
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Alexander Fullerton
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Niels Menezes
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Jasmine Dean
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Jordon Dunham
- Department of Neuroscience, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, OH44195, USA
| | - Sarah Al-Azki
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Gareth Pryce
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Stephanie Zandee
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Chao Zhao
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Markus Kipp
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kenneth J Smith
- Department of Neuroinflammation, The UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - David Baker
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Daniel Altmann
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Stephen M Anderton
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Yolanda S Kap
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Jon D Laman
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
- Dept. Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems and MS Center Noord Nederland (MSCNN), University Medical Center Groningen, University Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bert A 't Hart
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
- Dept. Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems and MS Center Noord Nederland (MSCNN), University Medical Center Groningen, University Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department Anatomy and Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center (V|UMC|), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Moses Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology and Immunology, Mayo College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, MN55905, USA
| | - Ralf Watzlawick
- Department of Neurosurgery, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan M Schwab
- Spinal Cord Injury Medicine, Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, USA
| | - Roderick Carter
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicholas Morton
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michele Zagnoni
- Centre for Microsystems and Photonics, Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Robin J M Franklin
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Rory Mitchell
- Centre for Discovery Brain Science, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sue Fleetwood-Walker
- Centre for Discovery Brain Science, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David A Lyons
- Centre for Discovery Brain Science, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hans Lassmann
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bruce D Trapp
- Department of Neuroscience, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, OH44195, USA
| | - Don J Mahad
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
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Biernacki T, Sandi D, Bencsik K, Vécsei L. Kynurenines in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis: Therapeutic Perspectives. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061564. [PMID: 32604956 PMCID: PMC7349747 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past years, an increasing amount of evidence has emerged in support of the kynurenine pathway’s (KP) pivotal role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative, psychiatric, vascular and autoimmune diseases. Different neuroactive metabolites of the KP are known to exert opposite effects on neurons, some being neuroprotective (e.g., picolinic acid, kynurenic acid, and the cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), while others are toxic to neurons (e.g., 3-hydroxykynurenine, quinolinic acid). Not only the alterations in the levels of the metabolites but also disturbances in their ratio (quinolinic acid/kynurenic acid) have been reported in several diseases. In addition to the metabolites, the enzymes participating in the KP have been unearthed to be involved in modulation of the immune system, the energetic upkeep of neurons and have been shown to influence redox processes and inflammatory cascades, revealing a sophisticated, intertwined system. This review considers various methods through which enzymes and metabolites of the kynurenine pathway influence the immune system, the roles they play in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases based on current evidence with a focus on their involvement in multiple sclerosis, as well as therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Biernacki
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (D.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Dániel Sandi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (D.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Krisztina Bencsik
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (D.S.); (K.B.)
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (T.B.); (D.S.); (K.B.)
- MTA—SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-62-545-356; Fax: +36-62-545-597
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30
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Langley MR, Yoon H, Kim HN, Choi CI, Simon W, Kleppe L, Lanza IR, LeBrasseur NK, Matveyenko A, Scarisbrick IA. High fat diet consumption results in mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and oligodendrocyte loss in the central nervous system. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165630. [PMID: 31816440 PMCID: PMC7982965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a key risk factor and co-morbidity in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurological conditions, such that a better understanding of how a high fat diet contributes to oligodendrocyte loss and the capacity for myelin regeneration has the potential to highlight new treatment targets. Results demonstrate that modeling metabolic dysfunction in mice with chronic high fat diet (HFD) consumption promotes loss of oligodendrocyte progenitors across the brain and spinal cord. A number of transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress pathways in HFD-fed mouse spinal cords were also identified. Moreover, deficits in TCA cycle intermediates and mitochondrial respiration were observed in the chronic HFD spinal cord tissue. Oligodendrocytes are known to be particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage, and we observed increased markers of oxidative stress in both the brain and spinal cord of HFD-fed mice. We additionally identified that increased apoptotic cell death signaling is underway in oligodendrocytes from mice chronically fed a HFD. When cultured under high saturated fat conditions, oligodendrocytes decreased both mitochondrial function and differentiation. Overall, our findings show that HFD-related changes in metabolic regulators, decreased mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress contribute to a loss of myelinating cells. These studies identify HFD consumption as a key modifiable lifestyle factor for improved myelin integrity in the adult central nervous system and in addition new tractable metabolic targets for myelin protection and repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica R Langley
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Hyesook Yoon
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ha Neui Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Chan-Il Choi
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Whitney Simon
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Laurel Kleppe
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ian R Lanza
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Nathan K LeBrasseur
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Aleksey Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Isobel A Scarisbrick
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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31
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Ruiz A, Quintela-López T, Sánchez-Gómez MV, Gaminde-Blasco A, Alberdi E, Matute C. Mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 disrupts oligodendrocyte Ca 2+ homeostasis and mitochondrial function. Glia 2020; 68:1743-1756. [PMID: 32060978 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission mediated by cytosolic dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1) is essential for mitochondrial quality control but may contribute to apoptosis as well. Blockade of Drp1 with mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (mdivi-1) provides neuroprotection in several models of neurodegeneration and cerebral ischemia and has emerged as a promising therapeutic drug. In oligodendrocytes, overactivation of AMPA-type ionotropic glutamate receptors (AMPARs) induces intracellular Ca2+ overload and excitotoxic death that contributes to demyelinating diseases. Mitochondria are key to Ca2+ homeostasis, however it is unclear how it is disrupted during oligodendroglial excitotoxicity. In the current study, we have analyzed mitochondrial dynamics during AMPAR activation and the effects of mdivi-1 on excitotoxicity in optic nerve-derived oligodendrocytes. Sublethal AMPAR activation triggered Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission, whereas toxic AMPAR activation produced Drp1-independent mitochondrial swelling. Accordingly, mdivi-1 efficiently inhibited Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission and did not prevent oligodendrocyte excitotoxicity. Unexpectedly, mdivi-1 also induced mitochondrial depolarization, ER Ca2+ depletion and modulation of AMPA-induced Ca2+ signaling. These off-target effects of mdivi-1 sensitized oligodendrocytes to excitotoxicity and ER stress and eventually produced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Interestingly, in cultured astrocytes mdivi-1 induced nondetrimental mitochondrial depolarization and oxidative stress that did not cause toxicity or sensitization to apoptotic stimuli. In summary, our results provide evidence of Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission during activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors in oligodendrocytes, and uncover a deleterious and Drp1-independent effect of mdivi-1 on mitochondrial and ER function in these cells. These off-target effects of mdivi-1 limit its therapeutic potential and should be taken into account in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Ruiz
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain
| | - Tania Quintela-López
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain.,Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, & Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - María V Sánchez-Gómez
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain
| | - Adhara Gaminde-Blasco
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain
| | - Elena Alberdi
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain
| | - Carlos Matute
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain
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De Nuccio C, Bernardo A, Ferrante A, Pepponi R, Martire A, Falchi M, Visentin S, Popoli P, Minghetti L. Adenosine A 2A receptor stimulation restores cell functions and differentiation in Niemann-Pick type C-like oligodendrocytes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9782. [PMID: 31278313 PMCID: PMC6611770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann Pick type C (NPC) disease is a rare neurovisceral disorder. Mutations in npc1 gene induce an intracellular accumulation of unesterified cholesterol in the endosomal/lysosomal system causing cell death. We recently showed that stimulation of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) restores cholesterol accumulation in late endosomes/lysosomes in human NPC fibroblasts and neural cell lines transiently transfected with NPC1 siRNA, suggesting that these receptors might be targeted to contrast the disease. Since NPC1 disease is characterized by dysmyelination and maturational arrest of oligodendrocyte progenitors (OPs), in this study, we investigated whether A2AR stimulation could promote oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin formation, thus overcoming these important neurological abnormalities. We developed a NPC1 pharmacological model, in which primary cultures of OPs are exposed to a cholesterol transport inhibitor to induce a NPC1-like phenotype characterized by several typical features such as (i) cholesterol accumulation, (ii) altered mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential, (iii) defect of autophagy and (iv) maturation arrest. The A2AR agonist CGS21680 normalized all NPC1-like features. The ability of CGS21680 of rescuing OP from maturational arrest and promoting their differentiation to mature OL, suggests that A2AR stimulation might be exploited to correct dysmyelination in NPC1, further supporting their therapeutic potential in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De Nuccio
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonietta Bernardo
- National Center for Research and Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation of Drugs, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Ferrante
- National Center for Research and Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation of Drugs, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Pepponi
- National Center for Research and Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation of Drugs, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Martire
- National Center for Research and Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation of Drugs, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Falchi
- National Research Center on HIV/AIDS, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Visentin
- National Center for Research and Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation of Drugs, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Popoli
- National Center for Research and Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation of Drugs, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Minghetti
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Ma H, Liu Y, Tang L, Ding H, Bao X, Song F, Zhu M, Li W. Echinacoside selectively rescues complex I inhibition-induced mitochondrial respiratory impairment via enhancing complex II activity. Neurochem Int 2019; 125:136-143. [PMID: 30797968 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous investigations have implicated mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by Complex I deficiency in the death of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). To date, there are no efficient therapeutic approaches to rescue mitochondrial respiratory impairment or prevent neurodegeneration in PD. The beneficial effects of echinacoside (ECH) on neurodegeneration have been reported in both in vivo and in vitro studies, yet the mechanisms underlying remain elusive and little has been investigated concerning the influences of ECH on mitochondrial respiratory impairment. Here, we compared the protection of ECH on cell injury and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by various inhibitors of Complex I-IV using human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. We found that ECH selectively attenuates cell injury, reverses mitochondrial depolarization and bioenergetic failure caused by Complex I inhibitors, whereas it has little protection against Complex II-IV inhibitors. Further investigation demonstrated that ECH enhances Complex II activity and mitochondrial respiration in the cells treated with Complex I inhibitors. This suggests that ECH selectively rescues Complex I inhibition-induced mitochondrial respiratory impairment though elevating Complex II activity, and further confirms that ECH might have a promising potential in PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihan Ma
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neuropathology, Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Ophthalmology Department, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neuropathology, Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xuxia Bao
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neuropathology, Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fang Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Wenwei Li
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neuropathology, Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Oligodendrocytes: Development, Physiology and Glucose Metabolism. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 13:275-294. [PMID: 27885633 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45096-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The glutamate-glutamine cycle is an outstanding example of how essential neuronal-glial interactions are for brain function. For several decades, this and other metabolic cycles in the brain have only included neurons and astrocytes but not oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Recent data revealed that oligodendrocytes are highly metabolically active cells in the brain and, therefore, should not be ignored. Using 13C-labelled glucose in combination with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and/or mass spectrometry (MS) it is possible to characterize metabolic functions in primary oligodendrocyte cultures. Mature rat oligodendrocytes avidly metabolize glucose in the cytosol and pyruvate derived from glucose in mitochondria. Moreover, they seem to have the ability of performing anaplerosis from pyruvate, which might enable them to synthesize metabolites de novo and transfer them to neighbouring cells. All these original findings highlight the importance of investigating oligodendrocyte metabolism separately from that of astrocytes and neurons to be able to discern the roles played by the individual partners. This is of particular importance in the white matter where the number of oligodendrocytes is considerable. The present book chapter provides some background on oligodendrocyte biology and physiology and summarizes the not very extensive information published on glucose metabolism in oligodendrocytes.
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Nrf2 Signaling in Sodium Azide-Treated Oligodendrocytes Restores Mitochondrial Functions. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 66:229-237. [PMID: 30140996 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunctions mark a critical step in many central nervous system (CNS) pathologies, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Such dysfunctions lead to depolarization of mitochondrial membranes and imbalanced redox homeostasis. In this context, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are potentially deleterious but can also act as an important signaling step for cellular maintenance. The transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), the key regulator in the cellular oxidative stress-response, induces a battery of genes involved in repair and regeneration. Here, we investigated the relevance of Nrf2 signaling for the prevention of cellular damage caused by dysfunctional mitochondria. We employed sodium azide (SA) as mitochondrial inhibitor on oligodendroglial OliNeu cells in vitro, and the cuprizone model with wild type and GFAP-Cre+::Keap1loxP/loxP mice to induce mitochondrial defects. The importance of Nrf2 for cellular functions and survival after SA treatment was elucidated by in vitro knockdown experiments with shRNA directed against Nrf2 and its inhibitor Keap1 as well as by methysticin treatment. Metabolic activity, cytotoxicity, and depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane were analyzed after SA treatment. The expression of Nrf2 target genes as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress response genes was additionally measured by real-time PCR (in vitro) and PCR gene arrays (in vivo). Treatment of OliNeu cells with SA resulted in significant depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, decreased metabolic activity, and increased cytotoxicity. This was partly counteracted in Nrf2-hyperactivated cells and intensified in Nrf2-knockdown cells. Our studies demonstrate a key role of Nrf2 in maintaining cellular functions and survival in the context of mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Oligodendroglia Are Particularly Vulnerable to Oxidative Damage after Neurotrauma In Vivo. J Neurosci 2018; 38:6491-6504. [PMID: 29915135 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1898-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of function following injury to the CNS is worsened by secondary degeneration of neurons and glia surrounding the injury and is initiated by oxidative damage. However, it is not yet known which cellular populations and structures are most vulnerable to oxidative damage in vivo Using Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS), oxidative damage was semiquantified within cellular subpopulations and structures of optic nerve vulnerable to secondary degeneration, following a partial transection of the optic nerve in adult female PVG rats. Simultaneous assessment of cellular subpopulations and structures revealed oligodendroglia as the most vulnerable to DNA oxidation following injury. 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) was used to label cells that proliferated in the first 3 d after injury. Injury led to increases in DNA, protein, and lipid damage in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and mature oligodendrocytes at 3 d, regardless of proliferative state, associated with a decline in the numbers of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells at 7 d. O4+ preoligodendrocytes also exhibited increased lipid peroxidation. Interestingly, EdU+ mature oligodendrocytes derived after injury demonstrated increased early susceptibility to DNA damage and lipid peroxidation. However, EdU- mature oligodendrocytes with high 8-hydroxyguanosine immunoreactivity were more likely to be caspase3+ By day 28, newly derived mature oligodendrocytes had significantly reduced myelin regulatory factor gene mRNA, indicating that the myelination potential of these cells may be reduced. The proportion of caspase3+ oligodendrocytes remained higher in EdU- cells. Innovative use of NanoSIMS together with traditional immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization have enabled the first demonstration of subpopulation specific oligodendroglial vulnerability to oxidative damage, due to secondary degeneration in vivoSIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Injury to the CNS is characterized by oxidative damage in areas adjacent to the injury. However, the cellular subpopulations and structures most vulnerable to this damage remain to be elucidated. Here we use powerful NanoSIMS techniques to show increased oxidative damage in oligodendroglia and axons and to demonstrate that cells early in the oligodendroglial lineage are the most vulnerable to DNA oxidation. Further immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization investigation reveals that mature oligodendrocytes derived after injury are more vulnerable to oxidative damage than their counterparts existing at the time of injury and have reduced myelin regulatory factor gene mRNA, yet preexisting oligodendrocytes are more likely to die.
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Mancini A, Tantucci M, Mazzocchetti P, de Iure A, Durante V, Macchioni L, Giampà C, Alvino A, Gaetani L, Costa C, Tozzi A, Calabresi P, Di Filippo M. Microglial activation and the nitric oxide/cGMP/PKG pathway underlie enhanced neuronal vulnerability to mitochondrial dysfunction in experimental multiple sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 113:97-108. [PMID: 29325869 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During multiple sclerosis (MS), a close link has been demonstrated to occur between inflammation and neuro-axonal degeneration, leading to the hypothesis that immune mechanisms may promote neurodegeneration, leading to irreversible disease progression. Energy deficits and inflammation-driven mitochondrial dysfunction seem to be involved in this process. In this work we investigated, by the use of striatal electrophysiological field-potential recordings, if the inflammatory process associated with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is able to influence neuronal vulnerability to the blockade of mitochondrial complex IV, a crucial component for mitochondrial activity responsible of about 90% of total cellular oxygen consumption. We showed that during the acute relapsing phase of EAE, neuronal susceptibility to mitochondrial complex IV inhibition is markedly enhanced. This detrimental effect was counteracted by the pharmacological inhibition of microglia, of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and its intracellular pathway (involving soluble guanylyl cyclase, sGC, and protein kinase G, PKG). The obtained results suggest that mitochondrial complex IV exerts an important role in maintaining neuronal energetic homeostasis during EAE. The pathological processes associated with experimental MS, and in particular the activation of microglia and of the NO pathway, lead to an increased neuronal vulnerability to mitochondrial complex IV inhibition, representing promising pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mancini
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Michela Tantucci
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Petra Mazzocchetti
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio de Iure
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Valentina Durante
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Lara Macchioni
- Sezione di Fisiologia e Biochimica, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmela Giampà
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Anatomia Umana e Biologia Cellulare, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Alvino
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Anatomia Umana e Biologia Cellulare, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gaetani
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Costa
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tozzi
- Sezione di Fisiologia e Biochimica, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy; IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy; IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Di Filippo
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
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Adiele RC, Adiele CA. Metabolic defects in multiple sclerosis. Mitochondrion 2017; 44:7-14. [PMID: 29246870 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brain injuries in multiple sclerosis (MS) involve immunopathological, structural and metabolic defects on myelin sheath, oligodendrocytes (OLs), axons and neurons suggesting that different cellular mechanisms ultimately result in the formation of MS plaques, demyelination, inflammation and brain damage. Bioenergetics, oxygen and ion metabolism dominate the metabolic and biochemical pathways that maintain neuronal viability and impulse transmission which directly or indirectly point to mitochondrial integrity and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) availability indicating the involvement of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of MS. Loss of myelin proteins including myelin basic protein (MBP), proteolipid protein (PLP), myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoproetin (MOG), 2, 3,-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiestarase (CNPase); microglia and microphage activation, oligodendrocyte apoptosis as well as expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS) and myeloperoxidase activities have been implicated in a subset of Balo's type and relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) lesions indicating the involvement of metabolic defects and oxidative stress in MS. Here, we provide an insighting review of defects in cellular metabolism including energy, oxygen and metal metabolism in MS as well as the relevance of animal models of MS in understanding the molecular, biochemical and cellular mechanisms of MS pathogenesis. Additionally, we also discussed the potential for mitochondrial targets and antioxidant protection for therapeutic benefits in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald C Adiele
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center, Saskatoon City Hospital, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Public Health, Concordia University of Edmonton, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Chiedukam A Adiele
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Minchenberg SB, Massa PT. The control of oligodendrocyte bioenergetics by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1). J Neuroimmunol 2017; 331:46-57. [PMID: 29113698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration are essential for oligodendrocyte metabolism in both the developing and adult CNS. Based on recent reports on the effects of the proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ on metabolism and on oligodendrocytes, we addressed whether IFN-γ may affect oligodendrocyte bioenergetics in ways relevant to CNS disease. Oligodendrocytes of mice treated with IFN-γ showed significant reductions in aerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. As expected, IFN-γ treatment led to the induction of STAT1 in oligodendrocytes indicating active signaling into these cells. To determine the direct effects of IFN-γ on oligodendrocyte metabolism, cultured oligodendrocytes were treated with IFN-γ in vitro, which resulted in suppression of glycolysis similar to oligodendrocytes of animals treated with IFN-γ in vivo. Mice lacking SHP-1, a key regulator of IFN-γ and STAT1 signaling in CNS glia, had high constitutive levels of STAT1 and decreased aerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration rates relative to wild type mouse oligodendrocytes. Together, these data show that IFN-γ and SHP-1 control oligodendrocyte bioenergetics in ways that may relate to the role of this cytokine in CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott B Minchenberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Paul T Massa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, United States; Department of Neurology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, United States.
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Understanding a role for hypoxia in lesion formation and location in the deep and periventricular white matter in small vessel disease and multiple sclerosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2503-2524. [PMID: 29026001 DOI: 10.1042/cs20170981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The deep and periventricular white matter is preferentially affected in several neurological disorders, including cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting that common pathogenic mechanisms may be involved in this injury. Here we consider the potential pathogenic role of tissue hypoxia in lesion development, arising partly from the vascular anatomy of the affected white matter. Specifically, these regions are supplied by a sparse vasculature fed by long, narrow end arteries/arterioles that are vulnerable to oxygen desaturation if perfusion is reduced (as in SVD, MS and diabetes) or if the surrounding tissue is hypoxic (as in MS, at least). The oxygen crisis is exacerbated by a local preponderance of veins, as these can become highly desaturated 'sinks' for oxygen that deplete it from surrounding tissues. Additional haemodynamic deficiencies, including sluggish flow and impaired vasomotor reactivity and vessel compliance, further exacerbate oxygen insufficiency. The cells most vulnerable to hypoxic damage, including oligodendrocytes, die first, resulting in demyelination. Indeed, in preclinical models, demyelination is prevented if adequate oxygenation is maintained by raising inspired oxygen concentrations. In agreement with this interpretation, there is a predilection of lesions for the anterior and occipital horns of the lateral ventricles, namely regions located at arterial watersheds, or border zones, known to be especially susceptible to hypoperfusion and hypoxia. Finally, mitochondrial dysfunction due to genetic causes, as occurs in leucodystrophies or due to free radical damage, as occurs in MS, will compound any energy insufficiency resulting from hypoxia. Viewing lesion formation from the standpoint of tissue oxygenation not only reveals that lesion distribution is partly predictable, but may also inform new therapeutic strategies.
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Wang M, Wang L, Han L, Zhang X, Feng J. The effect of carabrone on mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes inGaeumannomyces graminis. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 123:1100-1110. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Wang
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticide; Northwest A&F University; Yangling 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - L. Wang
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticide; Northwest A&F University; Yangling 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - L. Han
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticide; Northwest A&F University; Yangling 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - X. Zhang
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticide; Northwest A&F University; Yangling 712100 Shaanxi China
- Engineering and Research Center of Biological Pesticide of Shaanxi Province; Yangling 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - J. Feng
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticide; Northwest A&F University; Yangling 712100 Shaanxi China
- Engineering and Research Center of Biological Pesticide of Shaanxi Province; Yangling 712100 Shaanxi China
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Mitochondrial DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Oligodendrocytes Cause Demyelination, Axonal Injury, and CNS Inflammation. J Neurosci 2017; 37:10185-10199. [PMID: 28931570 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1378-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). To date, the investigation of mitochondrial dysfunction in MS has focused exclusively on neurons, with no studies exploring whether dysregulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics and/or genetics in oligodendrocytes might be associated with the etiopathogenesis of MS and other demyelinating syndromes. To address this question, we established a mouse model where mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) double-strand breaks (DSBs) were specifically induced in myelinating oligodendrocytes (PLP:mtPstI mice) by expressing a mitochondrial-targeted endonuclease, mtPstI, starting at 3 weeks of age. In both female and male mice, DSBs of oligodendroglial mtDNA caused impairment of locomotor function, chronic demyelination, glial activation, and axonal degeneration, which became more severe with time of induction. In addition, after short transient induction of mtDNA DSBs, PLP:mtPstI mice showed an exacerbated response to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Together, our data demonstrate that mtDNA damage can cause primary oligodendropathy, which in turn triggers demyelination, proving PLP:mtPstI mice to be a useful tool to study the pathological consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction in oligodendrocytes. In addition, the demyelination and axonal loss displayed by PLP:mtPstI mice recapitulate some of the key features of chronic demyelinating syndromes, including progressive MS forms, which are not accurately reproduced in the models currently available. For this reason, the PLP:mtPstI mouse represents a unique and much needed platform for testing remyelinating therapies.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In this study, we show that oligodendrocyte-specific mitochondrial DNA double-strand breaks in PLP:mtPstI mice cause oligodendrocyte death and demyelination associated with axonal damage and glial activation. Hence, PLP:mtPstI mice represent a unique tool to study the pathological consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction in oligodendrocytes, as well as an ideal platform to test remyelinating and neuroprotective agents.
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Oligodendrogliopathy in Multiple Sclerosis: Low Glycolytic Metabolic Rate Promotes Oligodendrocyte Survival. J Neurosci 2017; 36:4698-707. [PMID: 27122029 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4077-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions feature demyelination with limited remyelination. A distinct injury phenotype of MS lesions features dying back of oligodendrocyte (OL) terminal processes, a response that destabilizes myelin/axon interactions. This oligodendrogliopathy has been linked with local metabolic stress, similar to the penumbra of ischemic/hypoxic states. Here, we developed an in vitro oligodendrogliopathy model using human CNS-derived OLs and related this injury response to their distinct bioenergetic properties. We determined the energy utilization properties of adult human surgically derived OLs cultured under either optimal or metabolic stress conditions, deprivation of growth factors, and glucose and/or hypoxia using a Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer. Baseline studies were also performed on OL progenitor cells derived from the same tissue and postnatal rat-derived cells. Under basal conditions, adult human OLs were less metabolically active than their progenitors and both were less active than the rat cells. Human OLs and progenitors both used aerobic glycolysis for the majority of ATP production, a process that contributes to protein and lipid production necessary for myelin biosynthesis. Under stress conditions that induce significant process retraction with only marginal cell death, human OLs exhibited a significant reduction in overall energy utilization, particularly in glycolytic ATP production. The stress-induced reduction of glycolytic ATP production by the human OLs would exacerbate myelin process withdrawal while favoring cell survival, providing a potential basis for the oligodendrogliopathy observed in MS. The glycolytic pathway is a potential therapeutic target to promote myelin maintenance and enhance repair in MS. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The neurologic deficits that characterize multiple sclerosis (MS) reflect disruption of myelin (demyelination) within the CNS and failure of repair (remyelination). We define distinct energy utilization properties of human adult brain-derived oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells under conditions of metabolic stress that model the initial relapsing and subsequent progressive phases of MS. The observed changes in energy utilization affect both cell survival and myelination capacity. These processes may be amenable to therapeutic interventions to limit the extent of cumulative tissue injury and to promote repair in MS.
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Respiration-Deficient Astrocytes Survive As Glycolytic Cells In Vivo. J Neurosci 2017; 37:4231-4242. [PMID: 28314814 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0756-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons and glial cells exchange energy-rich metabolites and it has been suggested, originally based on in vitro data, that astrocytes provide lactate to glutamatergic synapses ("lactate shuttle"). Here, we have studied astrocytes that lack mitochondrial respiration in vitro and in vivo A novel mouse mutant (GLASTCreERT2::Cox10flox/flox) was generated, in which the administration of tamoxifen causes mutant astrocytes to fail in the assembly of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX). Focusing on cerebellar Bergmann glia (BG) cells, which exhibit the highest rate of Cre-mediated recombination, we found a normal density of viable astrocytes even 1 year after tamoxifen-induced Cox10 gene targeting. Our data show that BG cells, and presumably all astrocytes, can survive by aerobic glycolysis for an extended period of time in the absence of glial pathology or unspecific signs of neurodegeneration.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT When astrocytes are placed into culture, they import glucose and release lactate, an energy-rich metabolite readily metabolized by neurons. This observation led to the "glia-to-neuron lactate shuttle hypothesis," but in vivo evidence for this hypothesis is weak. To study astroglial energy metabolism and the directionality of lactate flux, we generated conditional Cox10 mouse mutants lacking mitochondrial respiration in astrocytes, which forces these cells to survive by aerobic glycolysis. Here, we report that these mice are fully viable in the absence of any signs of glial or neuronal loss, suggesting that astrocytes are naturally glycolytic cells.
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Ten VS. Mitochondrial dysfunction in alveolar and white matter developmental failure in premature infants. Pediatr Res 2017; 81:286-292. [PMID: 27901512 PMCID: PMC5671686 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
At birth, some organs in premature infants are not developed enough to meet challenges of the extra-uterine life. Although growth and maturation continues after premature birth, postnatal organ development may become sluggish or even arrested, leading to organ dysfunction. There is no clear mechanistic concept of this postnatal organ developmental failure in premature neonates. This review introduces a concept-forming hypothesis: Mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction is a fundamental mechanism of organs maturation failure in premature infants. Data collected in support of this hypothesis are relevant to two major diseases of prematurity: white matter injury and broncho-pulmonary dysplasia. In these diseases, totally different clinical manifestations are defined by the same biological process, developmental failure of the main functional units-alveoli in the lungs and axonal myelination in the brain. Although molecular pathways regulating alveolar and white matter maturation differ, proper bioenergetic support of growth and maturation remains critical biological requirement for any actively developing organ. Literature analysis suggests that successful postnatal pulmonary and white matter development highly depends on mitochondrial function which can be inhibited by sublethal postnatal stress. In premature infants, sublethal stress results mostly in organ maturation failure without excessive cellular demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim S. Ten
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Resveratrol Promotes Remyelination in Cuprizone Model of Multiple Sclerosis: Biochemical and Histological Study. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3219-3229. [PMID: 27067589 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9891-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating neurodegenerative disease, representing a major cause of neurological disability in young adults. Resveratrol is a stilbenoid polyphenol, known to pass blood brain barrier and exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects in several brain injuries. Cuprizone model of MS is particularly beneficial in studying demyelination/remyelination. Our study examined the potential neuroprotective and pro-remyelination effects of resveratrol in cuprizone-intoxicated C57Bl/6 mice. Mice were fed with chow containing 0.7 % cuprizone for 7 days, followed by 3 weeks on 0.2 % cuprizone diet. Resveratrol (250 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was given for 3 weeks starting from the second week. At the end of the experiment, animals were tested on rotarod to evaluate changes in balance and motor coordination. Mice were then sacrificed to measure the brain content of glutathione, lipid peroxidation products, adenosine triphosphate, and phospho-inhibitory subunit of nuclear factor κB-α. The activities of cytochrome oxidase and superoxide dismutase were also assessed. The gene expression of myelin basic protein, 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase, oligodendrocyte transcription factor-1 (Olig1), NF-κB p65 subunit, and tumor necrosis factor-α was also estimated. Luxol fast blue/periodic acid-Schiff stained brain sections were blindly scored to assess the myelin status. Resveratrol effectively enhanced motor coordination and balance, reversed cuprizone-induced demyelination, improved mitochondrial function, alleviated oxidative stress, and inhibited NF-κB signaling. Interestingly, resveratrol increased Olig1 expression that is positively correlated to active remyelination. The present study may be the first to indicate a pro-remyelinative effect for resveratrol which might represent a potential additive benefit in treating MS.
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Niu J, Li T, Yi C, Huang N, Koulakoff A, Weng C, Li C, Zhao CJ, Giaume C, Xiao L. Connexin-based channels contribute to metabolic pathways in the oligodendroglial lineage. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:1902-14. [PMID: 27006115 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.178731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) undergo a series of energy-consuming developmental events; however, the uptake and trafficking pathways for their energy metabolites remain unknown. In the present study, we found that 2-NBDG, a fluorescent glucose analog, can be delivered between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes through connexin-based gap junction channels but cannot be transferred between astrocytes and OPCs. Instead, connexin hemichannel-mediated glucose uptake supports OPC proliferation, and ethidium bromide uptake or increase of 2-NBDG uptake rate is correlated with intracellular Ca(2+) elevation in OPCs, indicating a Ca(2+)-dependent activation of connexin hemichannels. Interestingly, deletion of connexin 43 (Cx43, also known as GJA1) in astrocytes inhibits OPC proliferation by decreasing matrix glucose levels without impacting on OPC hemichannel properties, a process that also occurs in corpus callosum from acute brain slices. Thus, dual functions of connexin-based channels contribute to glucose supply in oligodendroglial lineage, which might pave a new way for energy-metabolism-directed oligodendroglial-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqin Niu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chenju Yi
- Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB)/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1050, Paris 75231, Cedex 05, France
| | - Nanxin Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Annette Koulakoff
- Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB)/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1050, Paris 75231, Cedex 05, France
| | - Chuanhuang Weng
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chengren Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Cong-Jian Zhao
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Christian Giaume
- Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB)/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1050, Paris 75231, Cedex 05, France
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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Amaral AI, Hadera MG, Tavares JM, Kotter MRN, Sonnewald U. Characterization of glucose-related metabolic pathways in differentiated rat oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Glia 2016; 64:21-34. [PMID: 26352325 PMCID: PMC4832329 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although oligodendrocytes constitute a significant proportion of cells in the central nervous system (CNS), little is known about their intermediary metabolism. We have, therefore, characterized metabolic functions of primary oligodendrocyte precursor cell cultures at late stages of differentiation using isotope-labelled metabolites. We report that differentiated oligodendrocyte lineage cells avidly metabolize glucose in the cytosol and pyruvate derived from glucose in the mitochondria. The labelling patterns of metabolites obtained after incubation with [1,2-(13)C]glucose demonstrated that the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is highly active in oligodendrocytes (approximately 10% of glucose is metabolized via the PPP as indicated by labelling patterns in phosphoenolpyruvate). Mass spectrometry and magnetic resonance spectroscopy analyses of metabolites after incubation of cells with [1-(13)C]lactate or [1,2-(13)C]glucose, respectively, demonstrated that anaplerotic pyruvate carboxylation, which was thought to be exclusive to astrocytes, is also active in oligodendrocytes. Using [1,2-(13)C]acetate, we show that oligodendrocytes convert acetate into acetyl CoA which is metabolized in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Analysis of labelling patterns of alanine after incubation of cells with [1,2-(13)C]acetate and [1,2-(13)C]glucose showed catabolic oxidation of malate or oxaloacetate. In conclusion, we report that oligodendrocyte lineage cells at late differentiation stages are metabolically highly active cells that are likely to contribute considerably to the metabolic activity of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. Amaral
- Anne McLaren LaboratoryWellcome Trust‐Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0SZUnited Kingdom
| | - Mussie G. Hadera
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of MedicineNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim7491Norway
| | - Joana M. Tavares
- Anne McLaren LaboratoryWellcome Trust‐Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0SZUnited Kingdom
| | - Mark R. N. Kotter
- Anne McLaren LaboratoryWellcome Trust‐Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0SZUnited Kingdom
| | - Ursula Sonnewald
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of MedicineNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim7491Norway
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen2100Denmark
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Oxidative stress and its impact on neurons and glia in multiple sclerosis lesions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1862:506-10. [PMID: 26432481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ agonists protect oligodendrocyte progenitors against tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced damage: Effects on mitochondrial functions and differentiation. Exp Neurol 2015. [PMID: 26210873 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The activation of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) is known to exert anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects and PPAR-γ agonists are considered potential therapeutic agents in brain diseases including those affecting myelin. In demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammation is one of the causes of myelin and axonal damage. Oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation is highly dependent on mitochondria, which are major targets of inflammatory insult. Here we show that PPAR-γ agonists protect OL progenitors against the maturational arrest induced by the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α by affecting mitochondrial functions. We demonstrate that the inhibition of OL differentiation by TNF-α is associated with i) increased mitochondrial superoxide production; ii) decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (mMP); and iii) decreased ADP-induced Ca(2+) oscillations, which we previously showed to be dependent on efficient mitochondria. The TNF-α effects were comparable to those of the mitochondrial toxin rotenone, further suggesting that TNF-α damage is mediated by mitochondrial function impairment. PPAR-γ agonists protected OL progenitors against the inhibitory activities of both TNF-α and rotenone on mMP, mitochondrial ROS production, Ca(2+) oscillations and OL differentiation. Finally, the PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone increased the expression of PGC-1α (a mitochondrial biogenesis master regulator), UCP2 (a mitochondrial protein known to reduce ROS production), and cytochrome oxidase subunit COX1. These findings confirm the central role of mitochondria in OL differentiation and point to mitochondria as major targets of PPAR-γ agonist protection against TNF-α damage.
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