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Sun T, Xiao F, Liang PP, Luo J. The influence of perceptual and semantic chunking on the neural mechanism of remote association. Psych J 2023; 12:618-627. [PMID: 37487553 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Studies on remote association tests (RATs) have mainly focused on cognitive processes involved in searching for remote associations. However, factors affecting these search processes and remote associations remain unclear. In order to address this issue, this study compared non-chunking condition (e.g., "//") with perceptual chunking (two red color characters in the three-character item "//") and semantic chunking (high-frequency word-pair in the item; e.g., "//", "," literally "philosophy") conditions in the Chinese Remote Association Test (CRAT). The behavioral results on the CRAT found that the semantic ones resulted in significantly lower successful solving rates and longer response times than the other two conditions. The event-related potential (ERP) results showed that in contrast to the perceptual-chunking and the non-chunking condition, the semantic-chunking elicited enhanced P200, which might be related to the intuitive awareness of the mental fixation. However, relative to the non-chunking condition, the two chunking conditions evoked increased N400 and late positive component (LPC), indexing the late reflection and implementation of cognitive control. Our results suggest that it is the early awareness of the semantic chunk, rather than the general cognitive control process involved in representing and solving the semantically and perceptually chunk-induced interferences, that critically determines the final solving of RATs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie Sun
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Pei-Peng Liang
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Luo
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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2
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Laukkonen RE, Webb M, Salvi C, Tangen JM, Slagter HA, Schooler JW. Insight and the selection of ideas. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105363. [PMID: 37598874 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Perhaps it is no accident that insight moments accompany some of humanity's most important discoveries in science, medicine, and art. Here we propose that feelings of insight play a central role in (heuristically) selecting an idea from the stream of consciousness by capturing attention and eliciting a sense of intuitive confidence permitting fast action under uncertainty. The mechanisms underlying this Eureka heuristic are explained within an active inference framework. First, implicit restructuring via Bayesian reduction leads to a higher-order prediction error (i.e., the content of insight). Second, dopaminergic precision-weighting of the prediction error accounts for the intuitive confidence, pleasure, and attentional capture (i.e., the feeling of insight). This insight as precision account is consistent with the phenomenology, accuracy, and neural unfolding of insight, as well as its effects on belief and decision-making. We conclude by reflecting on dangers of the Eureka Heuristic, including the arising and entrenchment of false beliefs and the vulnerability of insights under psychoactive substances and misinformation.
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3
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Jia L, Tang S, Song Y, Ren J, Li F, Huang F. Cognitive control in creative discovery: The gap between ideal and reality. Biol Psychol 2023; 178:108522. [PMID: 36801357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Creative discovery involves discovering the additional values of existing things in the environment by identifying the novel associations between seemingly unrelated things; the judgment made in this process is expected to be accurate but not entirely correct. From the perspective of cognitive processing, what is the difference between the ideal and real states of creative discovery? This is largely unknown. In this study, a daily life scenario was presented, and a great number of seemingly unrelated tools were presented for participants to discover valuable tools. Electrophysiological activity was recorded when participants identified tools, and we then retrospectively analyzed the differences between responses. Compared with usual tools, unusual tools evoked greater N2, N400 and late sustained potential (LSP) amplitudes, which was likely associated with the monitoring and resolution of cognitive conflicts. Moreover, unusual tools evoked smaller N400 and greater LSP amplitudes when correctly identified as usable than when identified as unusable; this result suggested that creative discovery in the ideal state should depend on the cognitive control involved in resolving conflicts. However, in the comparison between subjectively rated usable and unusable tools, smaller N400 and greater LSP amplitudes were observed only when unusual tools could be identified by expanding the application scope but not by releasing functional fixedness; this outcome suggested that creative discovery in the real state was not always influenced by the cognitive control involved in resolving conflicts. The difference in cognitive control that should be exerted and that was actually exerted to identify novel associations was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Jia
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Shuang Tang
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan Song
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jingyuan Ren
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Rodboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525EN, The Netherlands
| | - Fuhong Li
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Furong Huang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
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4
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Expending effort may share neural responses with reward and evokes high subjective satisfaction. Biol Psychol 2023; 177:108480. [PMID: 36603735 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Throughout our daily lives, the levels of effort we invest in various tasks are influenced by reward processing. The subjective expectation after expending effort is a primary factor affecting reward processing. However, recent studies indicate that individual differences in reward anticipation influence this subjective valuation. To better understand the relationship between effort expenditure and the subjective valuation of rewards, in this study, we perform an experiment in which we manipulate effort, control reward expectation implicitly, and measure the subjective valuation of rewards using event-related potentials (ERPs) and physical effort through behavioral measures (number of keystrokes). In the reward-task paradigm, 30 subjects performed effort and control trials, with the reward probability comparable across the effort and control conditions. We also examined the ERPs associated with the valuation of subjective rewards, including reward positivity (RewP) and set reward expectation controlled as the baseline. The results showed that the ERP amplitudes, the number of keystrokes, and explicit satisfaction ratings were all significantly greater in the effort condition than in the control condition. The participants maintained high levels of effort throughout the sessions associated with the experiment. The results of this study suggest that when reward expectations are controlled, effort expenditure evokes neural responses similar to reward feedback being given, which is linked with increased subjective satisfaction.
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5
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Chen J, Zhang K, Du X, Pan J, Luo J. The Neural Mechanisms of the Effect of Spontaneous Insight on Re-Solution: An ERP Study. J Intell 2023; 11:jintelligence11010010. [PMID: 36662140 PMCID: PMC9862666 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The insight memory advantage refers to the situation in which memory performance could be improved by solving a problem with an Aha experience. In re-solution tests and recognition tests, studies demonstrate an insight memory advantage by spontaneous insight or induced insight. For the re-solution test, the neural mechanisms of the effect of induced insight were studied by the fMRI technique. However, the neural mechanisms of the effect of insight on re-solution in the temporal dimension were not known. The neural mechanisms of the effect of spontaneous insight on re-solution were not known. In the present study, we use the compound remote-associated (CRA) task to reveal the neural mechanisms of the effect of spontaneous insight on re-solution by the event-related potentials (ERPs) technique. The 25 participants were asked to solve a series of Chinese verbal CRA tasks and then perform a re-solution test 1 day later. Our results indicated that the solution with the Aha experience evoked a larger N400 in the early solution phase and a more negative wave in the late solution phase than the solution with no Aha experience. In the re-solution phase, items with an Aha during the solution phase were re-solved better with higher Aha rates than items with no Aha. In the re-solution phase, compared with items with no Aha, items with an Aha during the solution phase evoked a larger positive ERP in the 250 to 350 ms time window in the early phase, and a more negative deflection before the response (-900 to -800 ms) in the later phase. In one word, spontaneous insight during the solution phase could promote re-solution and elicit ERP deflection in the re-solution phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- College of Education, Hebei University, No. 180 of Wusi East Road, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- College of Education, Hebei University, No. 180 of Wusi East Road, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiumin Du
- College of Education, Hebei University, No. 180 of Wusi East Road, Baoding 071002, China
- Correspondence: (X.D.); (J.L.)
| | - Junmiao Pan
- College of Education, Hebei University, No. 180 of Wusi East Road, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- Correspondence: (X.D.); (J.L.)
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6
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Öllinger M, Szathmáry E, Fedor A. Search and insight processes in card sorting games. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1118976. [PMID: 37213381 PMCID: PMC10196050 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1118976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Insight problems are particularly interesting, because problems which require restructuring allow researchers to investigate the underpinnings of the Aha-experience, creativity and out of the box thinking. There is a need for new insight tasks to probe and extend the limits of existing theories and cognitive frameworks. To shed more light on this fascinating issue, we addressed the question: Is it possible to convey a well-known card sorting game into an insight task? We introduced different conditions and tested them via two online experiments (N = 546). Between the conditions we systematically varied the available perceptual features, and the existence of non-obvious rules. We found that our card sorting game elicited insight experience. In the first experiment, our data revealed that solution strategies and insight experience varied by the availability and saliency of perceptual features. The discovery of a non-obvious rule, which is not hinted at by perceptual features, was most difficult. With our new paradigm, we were able to construe ambiguous problems which allowed participants to find more than one solution strategy. Interestingly, we realized interindividual preferences for different strategies. The same problem drove strategies which either relied on feature integration or on more deliberate strategies. The second experiment varied the degree of independence of a sorting rule from the standard rules which were in accordance with prior knowledge. It was shown that the more independent the hidden rule was, the more difficult the task became. In sum, we demonstrated a new insight task which extended the available task domains and shed light on sequential and multi-step rule learning problems. Finally, we provided a first sketch of a cognitive model that should help to integrate the data within the existing literature on cognitive models and speculated about the generalizability of the interplay of prior knowledge modification and variation for problem solving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Öllinger
- Parmenides Center for the Study of Thinking, Pöcking, Germany
- Psychological Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Michael Öllinger
| | - Eörs Szathmáry
- Parmenides Center for the Conceptual Foundations of Science, Pöcking, Germany
- Institute of Evolution, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Fedor
- Institute of Evolution, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
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7
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Feng P, Wang J, Ding X, Li C, Guo F, Ding X. How do extrinsic cues influence consumers’ online hotel booking decisions? An event-related potential experiment. Front Psychol 2022; 13:990640. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.990640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Booking decision is a typical decision-making behavior in hospitality, while the neural processing of it is still unclear. To address this issue, with the help of event-related potential (ERP), this work uncovered the neural mechanism of the influence of two extrinsic cues, namely, brand familiarity (familiar vs. unfamiliar) and online reviews (positive vs. negative) on online hotel booking decisions. Behavioral results indicated that the booking rate under the condition of positive reviews was higher than that of negative reviews. In addition, the response time in the case of familiar brands was longer than that of unfamiliar brands. ERP results showed that the P200 amplitude of familiar brands was smaller than that of unfamiliar brands, while for the late positive potential amplitude, the opposite was the case. It is suggested that in the early stage of cognitive processing, unfamiliar brands evoke more automatic and unconscious attention while in the later stage, familiar brands attract more conscious attention. This study also found that the N400 amplitude of negative online reviews was larger than that of positive online reviews, indicating that negative stimuli can result in a larger emotional conflicts than that of positive stimuli. This study provides new insights into the neural mechanism of online booking decisions in the hospitality.
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8
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Structure learning enhances concept formation in synthetic Active Inference agents. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277199. [PMID: 36374909 PMCID: PMC9662737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans display astonishing skill in learning about the environment in which they operate. They assimilate a rich set of affordances and interrelations among different elements in particular contexts, and form flexible abstractions (i.e., concepts) that can be generalised and leveraged with ease. To capture these abilities, we present a deep hierarchical Active Inference model of goal-directed behaviour, and the accompanying belief update schemes implied by maximising model evidence. Using simulations, we elucidate the potential mechanisms that underlie and influence concept learning in a spatial foraging task. We show that the representations formed–as a result of foraging–reflect environmental structure in a way that is enhanced and nuanced by Bayesian model reduction, a special case of structure learning that typifies learning in the absence of new evidence. Synthetic agents learn associations and form concepts about environmental context and configuration as a result of inferential, parametric learning, and structure learning processes–three processes that can produce a diversity of beliefs and belief structures. Furthermore, the ensuing representations reflect symmetries for environments with identical configurations.
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9
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Kuang C, Chen J, Chen J, Shi Y, Huang H, Jiao B, Lin Q, Rao Y, Liu W, Zhu Y, Mo L, Ma L, Lin J. Uncovering neural distinctions and commodities between two creativity subsets: A meta-analysis of fMRI studies in divergent thinking and insight using activation likelihood estimation. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4864-4885. [PMID: 35906880 PMCID: PMC9582370 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The dual‐process theory that two different systems of thought coexist in creative thinking has attracted considerable attention. In the field of creative thinking, divergent thinking (DT) is the ability to produce multiple solutions to open‐ended problems in a short time. It is mainly considered an associative and fast process. Meanwhile, insight, the new and unexpected comprehension of close‐ended problems, is frequently marked as a deliberate and time‐consuming thinking process requiring concentrated effort. Previous research has been dedicated to revealing their separate neural mechanisms, while few studies have compared their differences and similarities at the brain level. Therefore, the current study applied Activation Likelihood Estimation to decipher common and distinctive neural pathways that potentially underlie DT and insight. We selected 27 DT studies and 30 insight studies for retrospective meta‐analyses. Initially, two single analyses with follow‐up contrast and conjunction analyses were performed. The single analyses showed that DT mainly involved the inferior parietal lobe (IPL), cuneus, and middle frontal gyrus (MFG), while the precentral gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), parahippocampal gyrus (PG), amygdala (AMG), and superior parietal lobe were engaged in insight. Compared to insight, DT mainly led to greater activation in the IPL, the crucial part of the default mode network. However, insight caused more significant activation in regions related to executive control functions and emotional responses, such as the IFG, MFG, PG, and AMG. Notably, the conjunction analysis detected no overlapped areas between DT and insight. These neural findings implicate that various neurocognitive circuits may support DT and insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyi Kuang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yafei Shi
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiyuan Huang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingqing Jiao
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiwen Lin
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyang Rao
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenting Liu
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhu
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Mo
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Ma
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiabao Lin
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,UMR 5229, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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10
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Expectations attenuate the negative influence of neural adaptation on the processing of novel stimuli: ERP evidence. Neuroscience 2022; 492:58-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Tang S, Jia L, Ren J, Li F, Luo J, Huang F. Reactive control in evaluating appropriately or inappropriately novel ideas: Evidence from electrophysiological measures. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14010. [PMID: 35114025 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Novelty and appropriateness have been considered two necessary criteria to distinguish creative ideas, but little is known about what kind of reactive control people will make when they evaluate appropriately or inappropriately novel ideas. To study this issue, high-density technology was used to record electroencephalography (EEG) signals when participants were evaluating ideas in novel & appropriate, novel & inappropriate, ordinary & appropriate, and ordinary & inappropriate conditions. An analysis of event-related potentials (ERPs) revealed that greater conflict detection-related N2 and N400-like components over the anterior scalp appeared in novel conditions than in ordinary conditions, suggesting that people are able to rapidly monitor novel ideas. Afterward, the mean amplitudes of the LPC over the left anterior scalp were greater in novel & appropriate condition than ordinary & appropriate condition, but no difference was found between novel & appropriate and novel & inappropriate conditions, which likely displayed much more reactive control was recruited to handle novel ideas and no additional control was recruited when the novel ideas were inappropriate. In addition, the mean amplitudes of the LPC/LNC over the posterior scalp were greater in novel than ordinary conditions and were also greater in inappropriate than appropriate conditions, which likely reflected the processing difficulties of conceptual understanding. These findings revealed the early rise monitoring, conceptual understanding, and reactive control mechanism underlying the evaluation of novel ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Tang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lujia Jia
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingyuan Ren
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Rodboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Fuhong Li
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Luo
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Furong Huang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
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12
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Tang S, Jia L, Liu M, Ren J, Li F, Luo J, Huang F. The dynamic monitoring and control mechanism in problem solving: Evidence from theta and alpha oscillations. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 170:112-120. [PMID: 34699862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although both originality and value are considered necessary criteria to identify creative ideas, little is known about how original and valuable ideas are generated in the human brain. To reveal how people monitor and control ongoing processing in the pursuit of original and valuable ideas, high-density electroencephalography (EEG) was used to record electrophysiological signals when participants were performing chunk decomposition tasks via novel-appropriate, novel-inappropriate, ordinary-appropriate and ordinary-inappropriate pathways. The results showed that approximately 100 ms after the problem was presented, novel pathways showed increased theta synchronization in the frontal sites compared to ordinary pathways. Novel pathways were associated with increased alpha desynchronization over the entire brain scale. These theta and alpha oscillations likely indicated rapid monitoring and effective control of novel processing in thinking. In the latter stages of problem solving, particularly during the 2000-2600-ms intervals, increased theta synchronization with decreased alpha desynchronization was found between novel-inappropriate and novel-appropriate pathways, which likely indicated slow monitoring and less control of inappropriate processing in novel thinking. The findings demonstrated the dynamic monitoring and control mechanism in the pursuit of original and valuable ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Tang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Lujia Jia
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Mingzhu Liu
- Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330044, China
| | - Jingyuan Ren
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Rodboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525EN, Netherlands
| | - Fuhong Li
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jing Luo
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Furong Huang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
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13
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Huang F, Song Y, Jiang Y, Zhao Q, Luo J. Where and How Are Original and Valuable Ideas Generated? tDCS of the Generation-Related Posterior Temporal Lobe and the Executive Control-Related Prefrontal Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:1004-1013. [PMID: 34379744 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Creativity is generally defined as the ability to generate innovative thoughts that are both original and valuable. Previous studies have suggested that the temporal lobe, related to memory extraction and construction, is responsible for generating creative ideas and that the executive system supports the generation of creative ideas. However, the causal relationships between these structures and the novelty index as well as the appropriateness index of generated ideas have not been revealed. It is still largely unknown where and how original and valuable ideas are generated. In this study, the transcranial direct current stimulation technique was used to selectively manipulate the activity of the generation-related right temporoparietal junction (TPJ) (experiment 1) and the executive control-related left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (experiment 2). Then, both the novelty and appropriateness indexes of generated ideas were analyzed during insight problem-solving. The results showed that anodal stimulation of the right TPJ increased both the novelty and appropriateness indexes of creative ideas, whereas anodal stimulation of the left DLPFC increased the novelty index but not the appropriateness index of creative ideas. These findings suggest that the posterior temporal lobe takes both the novelty and appropriateness attributes into account to generate ideas, while the executive control system can effectively regulate the novelty attribute of generated ideas but ineffectively addresses the inappropriateness attribute. The current study indicates complementary mechanisms in the process of generating original and valuable ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Huang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yan Song
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Qingbai Zhao
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jing Luo
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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14
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Differential modulation of creative problem solving by monetary rewards: Electrophysiological evidence. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Du X, Cui C, Hu Z, Zhang K, Song Y. The mnemonic effects of insight on false memory in the DRM paradigm. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021; 86:558-570. [PMID: 33844066 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Insight accompanied by an 'aha!' experience has a mnemonic effect. Previous studies of insight have often focused on the mnemonic effect of insight on veridical memories, while the effect of insight on false memories is not known. More understanding of the mnemonic effect of insight on false memories could have implications for the mechanism of insightful mnemonic effects. The present research examined whether insight has a mnemonic effect on false memories. Participants were asked to perform Chinese verbal compound remote associate (CRA) tasks and then complete the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) task, the critical lure of which was also the solution to the Chinese CRA problem. Compared to non-insight, insight was associated with a lower critical lures rate in Experiment 1 and with lower critical lures and unrelated words rates in Experiment 2 when the presentation of DRM list words was random. Giving a warning before DRM tasks could reduce the critical lures rate of non-insight but had little effect on insightful solutions in Experiment 3. These findings indicate that insight can reduce false memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Du
- College of Education, Hebei University, No. 180 of Wusi East Road, Baoding, China
| | - Can Cui
- College of Education, Hebei University, No. 180 of Wusi East Road, Baoding, China
| | - Zhaohui Hu
- College of Education, Hebei University, No. 180 of Wusi East Road, Baoding, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- College of Education, Hebei University, No. 180 of Wusi East Road, Baoding, China.
| | - Yaowu Song
- College of Education, Hebei University, No. 180 of Wusi East Road, Baoding, China.
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16
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Abstract
Insight is described as the sudden solution of a problem and is contrasted with an analytical, step-by-step approach. Traditionally, insight is thought to be associated with activity of the right hemisphere, whereas analytical solutions are thought to be associated with activity of the left hemisphere. However, empirical evidence as to the localization of insight-related brain activity is mixed and inconclusive. Some studies seem to confirm the traditional view, whereas others do not. Moreover, results of EEG and fMRI studies frequently contradict each other. In this study, EEG and fMRI data were recorded while subjects performed the remote association test and for each solved problem were asked to report whether the solution was reached analytically or insightfully. The data were analyzed in a 16-second fragment preceding the subject’s response. Source localization techniques were used in the analysis of EEG data. Based on EEG data, insightful as compared to analytical problem solving was accompanied by high-frequency synchronization in semantic cortical areas of the left hemisphere 10–12 s before the subject’s response. Based on fMRI data, however, insightful solutions were accompanied by increased activity in frontal and temporal regions of the right hemisphere. The results are interpreted in terms of different cognitive processes involved in insightful problem solving, which could be differently reflected in EEG and fMRI data.
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17
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Zhang Z, Lei Y, Xing Q, Li H. Left-hemispheric predominance on appropriateness evaluation of restructuring during chunk decomposition problem solving. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13778. [PMID: 33543773 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Restructuring refers to achieving satisfactory solutions by breaking obstacles or forming novel associations in problem-solving. One critical question arises regarding how an appropriate solution is processed in our brain during the restructuring of problem representations. This study aims to explore the electrophysiological correlates of appropriateness evaluation of restructuring by employing a chunk decomposition task. During loose or tight chunk decomposition, participants needed to assess whether they could get a valid solution after probe removal from a source character chunk. As reflected by the late positive complex, the processing of appropriateness exhibited the greatest effect (appropriate vs. inappropriate) in left parietal regions for tight chunk decomposition, but exhibited insignificant differences across most brain regions for loose chunk decomposition. This study provides the first primary electrophysiological evidence that both hemispheres contribute to and the left hemisphere plays a predominant role in evaluating the appropriateness of restructuring in problem solving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglu Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Lei
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiang Xing
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Charalambous E, Hanna S, Penn A. Aha! I know where I am: the contribution of visuospatial cues to reorientation in urban environments. SPATIAL COGNITION AND COMPUTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13875868.2020.1865359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Efrosini Charalambous
- Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London Bartlett Faculty of the Built Environment, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Sean Hanna
- Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London Bartlett Faculty of the Built Environment, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Alan Penn
- Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London Bartlett Faculty of the Built Environment, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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19
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Zhou S, Luo J, Yu T, Li D, Yin Y, Tang X. Towards a neural model of creative evaluation in advertising: an electrophysiological study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21958. [PMID: 33319861 PMCID: PMC7738497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79044-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is increasingly recognized that evaluation is a key phase for a two-fold creativity model, the neural model is not yet well understood. To this end, we constructed a theoretical model of creative evaluation and supported it with neural evidence through event-related potentials (ERPs) technology during a creative advertising task. Participants were required to evaluate the relationship between target words and advertising that systematically varied in novelty and usefulness. The ERPs results showed that (a) the novelty-usefulness and novelty-only conditions evoked a larger N1-P2 amplitude, reflecting an automatic attentional bias to novelty, and (b) these two novelty conditions elicited a larger N200-500 amplitude, reflecting an effort to process the novel content; (c) the novelty-usefulness and usefulness-only conditions induced a larger LPC amplitude, reflecting that valuable associations were formed through retrieval of relevant memories. These results propose a neural model of creative evaluation in advertising: the N1-P2, N200-500, and LPC should be the key indices to define three sub-processes of novelty perception, conception expansion, and value selection, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujin Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Junlong Luo
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Psychology, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, 3663, North Zhong Shan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Psychology, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, 3663, North Zhong Shan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiaochen Tang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 600 Wanping South Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China
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20
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Event-related potentials support the mnemonic effect of spontaneous insight solution. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 85:2518-2529. [PMID: 32995910 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-020-01421-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The mnemonic effect of insight refers to the situation in which experiencing an "aha" moment when solving problems could improve memory performance for both the question and its solution. The aha experience can be triggered either by external stimuli or by internal solution attempts, namely "induced" or "spontaneous" insight, respectively. Tests of the neural correlates of the insightful memory effect are typically conducted in induced insight paradigms. The neural mechanism of the mnemonic effect of spontaneous insight is unclear. In the present study, the mnemonic effect for spontaneous insight was examined by the event-related potentials (ERPs) technique and behavioral measures. Subjects were required to solve a set of Chinese verbal compound remote-associated tasks (CRA), and performed a recognition test 10 min later. The results showed that the spontaneous insight solution elicited a more negative deflection than did the non-insight solution before the button reaction (- 800 to - 400 ms) in the study phase. In the recognition test phase, items which elicited insight during study were recognized faster, compared with non-insight study items. And spontaneous insight solution elicited a more positive deflection than did non-insight solution in the time window from 400 to 700 ms after onset of the answer. Moreover, brain-behavior correlations revealed a relationship between N400 amplitude during study and later memory performance which revealed a double-dissociation between items solved with and without insight during study. The different predictions for recognition indicate that the encoding of spontaneous insight may differ from that of non-insight, suggesting that different encoding mechanisms may mediate the encoding of items and solutions found by insight versus non-insight.
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21
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Smith AM, Elliott G, Hughes GI, Feinn RS, Brunyé TT. Acute stress improves analogical reasoning: examining the roles of stress hormones and long-term memory. THINKING & REASONING 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13546783.2020.1819416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Smith
- Department of Psychology, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT, USA
| | - Grace Elliott
- Center for Applied Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Gregory I. Hughes
- Center for Applied Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Medford, MA, USA
- Tufts University, Department of Psychology, Medford, MA, USA
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, Natick, MA, USA
| | | | - Tad T. Brunyé
- Center for Applied Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Medford, MA, USA
- Tufts University, Department of Psychology, Medford, MA, USA
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, Natick, MA, USA
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22
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Zhang Z, Liu L, Li Y, Tan T, Niki K, Luo J. The function of medial temporal lobe and posterior middle temporal gyrus in forming creative associations. Hippocampus 2020; 30:1257-1267. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University Beijing China
| | - Lulu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University Beijing China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University Beijing China
| | - Tengteng Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University Beijing China
| | - Kazuhisa Niki
- Human Informatics Research Institute, Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Japan
- Keio University Graduate School of Human Relations Keio University Tokyo Japan
| | - Jing Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University Beijing China
- Department of Psychology Shaoxing University Shaoxing China
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23
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Wu X, Guo T, Tan T, Zhang W, Qin S, Fan J, Luo J. Superior emotional regulating effects of creative cognitive reappraisal. Neuroimage 2019; 200:540-551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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24
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The language context effect in facial expressions processing and its mandatory characteristic. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11045. [PMID: 31363107 PMCID: PMC6667436 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background visual scenes in which faces are perceived provide contextual information for facial expression processing. One type of background information, the language context, has a vital influence on facial expression processing. The current study is aimed to investigate the effect of the language context on facial expression processing by recording event-related potentials (ERPs). Experiment one adopted the facial expression categorization task to investigate the effects of different language contexts on emotional and non-emotional facial processing. Experiment two adopted the task-irrelevant paradigm to investigate whether the language context effect on facial expression processing was mandatory. The results found that (1) the language context affected facial expression processing. Facial expression processing was promoted when the language context was emotionally congruent with faces. Moreover, the language context had an evoking effect on neutral faces. To be detailed, neutral facial expressions were evoked to be judged as positive in the positive language context while as negative in the negative language context. (2) The language context effect still affected facial expression processing in a task-irrelevant paradigm. When the language context was emotionally incongruent with facial expressions, larger N170 and LPP amplitudes were elicited, indicating the inhibition of incongruent emotions. These findings prove that the language context effect on facial expression processing is mandatory.
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25
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Identification and transformation difficulty in problem solving: Electrophysiological evidence from chunk decomposition. Biol Psychol 2019; 143:10-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Webb ME, Cropper SJ, Little DR. “Aha!” is stronger when preceded by a “huh?”: presentation of a solution affects ratings of aha experience conditional on accuracy. THINKING & REASONING 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13546783.2018.1523807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E. Webb
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Simon J. Cropper
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Daniel R. Little
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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27
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Tik M, Sladky R, Luft CDB, Willinger D, Hoffmann A, Banissy MJ, Bhattacharya J, Windischberger C. Ultra-high-field fMRI insights on insight: Neural correlates of the Aha!-moment. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:3241-3252. [PMID: 29665228 PMCID: PMC6055807 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Finding creative solutions to difficult problems is a fundamental aspect of human culture and a skill highly needed. However, the exact neural processes underlying creative problem solving remain unclear. Insightful problem solving tasks were shown to be a valid method for investigating one subcomponent of creativity: the Aha!-moment. Finding insightful solutions during a remote associates task (RAT) was found to elicit specific cortical activity changes. Considering the strong affective components of Aha!-moments, as manifested in the subjectively experienced feeling of relief following the sudden emergence of the solution of the problem without any conscious forewarning, we hypothesized the subcortical dopaminergic reward network to be critically engaged during Aha. To investigate those subcortical contributions to insight, we employed ultra-high-field 7 T fMRI during a German Version of the RAT. During this task, subjects were exposed to word triplets and instructed to find a solution word being associated with all the three given words. They were supposed to press a button as soon as they felt confident about their solution without further revision, allowing us to capture the exact event of Aha!-moment. Besides the finding on cortical involvement of the left anterior middle temporal gyrus (aMTG), here we showed for the first time robust subcortical activity changes related to insightful problem solving in the bilateral thalamus, hippocampus, and the dopaminergic midbrain comprising ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAcc), and caudate nucleus. These results shed new light on the affective neural mechanisms underlying insightful problem solving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tik
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of ViennaWienAustria
| | - Ronald Sladky
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of ViennaWienAustria
| | - Caroline Di Bernardi Luft
- Queen Mary University of LondonSchool of Biological and Chemical SciencesLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of PsychologyGoldsmiths University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - David Willinger
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of ViennaWienAustria
| | - André Hoffmann
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of ViennaWienAustria
| | - Michael J Banissy
- Queen Mary University of LondonSchool of Biological and Chemical SciencesLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Christian Windischberger
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of ViennaWienAustria
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28
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Shen W, Yuan Y, Tang C, Shi C, Liu C, Luo J, Zhang X. In Search of Somatic Precursors of Spontaneous Insight. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. A considerable number of behavioral and neuroscientific studies on insight problem solving have revealed behavioral and neural correlates of the dynamic insight process; however, somatic correlates, particularly somatic precursors of creative insight, remain undetermined. To characterize the somatic precursor of spontaneous insight, 22 healthy volunteers were recruited to solve the compound remote associate (CRA) task in which a problem can be solved by either an insight or an analytic strategy. The participants’ peripheral nervous activities, particularly electrodermal and cardiovascular responses, were continuously monitored and separately measured. The results revealed a greater skin conductance magnitude for insight trials than for non-insight trials in the 4-s time span prior to problem solutions and two marginally significant correlations between pre-solution heart rate variability (HRV) and the solution time of insight trials. Our findings provide the first direct evidence that spontaneous insight in problem solving is a somatically peculiar process that is distinct from the stepwise process of analytic problem solving and can be represented by a special somatic precursor, which is a stronger pre-solution electrodermal activity and a correlation between problem solution time and certain HRV indicators such as the root mean square successive difference (RMSSD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangbing Shen
- School of Public Administration and Institute of Applied Psychology, Hohai University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, Nanjing, PR China
- School of Psychology and Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chaoying Tang
- School of Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chunhua Shi
- School of Public Administration and Institute of Applied Psychology, Hohai University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Psychology and Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jing Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Capital Normal University, Beijing, PR China
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaojiang Zhang
- School of Psychology and Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
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29
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Zhou S, Yin Y, Yu T, Stupple EJN, Luo J. Exploring the Experience of Novelty When Viewing Creative Adverts: An ERP Study. Front Psychol 2018; 9:471. [PMID: 29686637 PMCID: PMC5900800 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrophysiological correlates of experiencing novelty in creative advertising were studied in 28 healthy subjects using event-related potentials. Participants viewed images that were difficult to interpret until a description was presented providing either a creative description (CD) featuring an unexpected description of the image based on the original advertisement, or a normal description (ND), which was a literal description of the image (and served as a baseline condition). Participants evaluated the level of creativity of the description. The results showed that the N2 amplitude was higher for CDs than for NDs across middle and right scalp regions between 240 and 270 ms, most likely reflecting conflict detection. Moreover, CDs demonstrated greater N400 than NDs in a time window between 380 and 500 ms, it is argued that this reflects semantic integration. The present study investigates the electrophysiological correlates of experiencing novelty in advertising with ecologically valid stimuli. This substantially extends the findings of earlier laboratory studies with more artificial stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujin Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Edward J N Stupple
- Centre for Psychological Research, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Junlong Luo
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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30
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Huang F, Tang S, Sun P, Luo J. Neural correlates of novelty and appropriateness processing in externally induced constraint relaxation. Neuroimage 2018; 172:381-389. [PMID: 29408576 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Novelty and appropriateness are considered the two fundamental features of creative thinking, including insight problem solving, which can be performed through chunk decomposition and constraint relaxation. Based on a previous study that separated the neural bases of novelty and appropriateness in chunk decomposition, in this study, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to further dissociate these mechanisms in constraint relaxation. Participants were guided to mentally represent the method of problem solving according to the externally provided solutions that were elaborately prepared in advance and systematically varied in their novelty and appropriateness for the given problem situation. The results showed that novelty processing was completed by the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and regions in the executive system (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [DLPFC]), whereas appropriateness processing was completed by the TPJ and regions in the episodic memory (hippocampus), emotion (amygdala), and reward systems (orbitofrontal cortex [OFC]). These results likely indicate that appropriateness processing can result in a more memorable and richer experience than novelty processing in constraint relaxation. The shared and distinct neural mechanisms of the features of novelty and appropriateness in constraint relaxation are discussed, enriching the representation of the change theory of insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Huang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Shuang Tang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Pei Sun
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Luo
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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31
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Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Neural Activity Associated with Information Selection in Open-ended Creativity. Neuroscience 2017; 371:268-276. [PMID: 29247775 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Novel information selection is a crucial process in creativity and was found to be associated with frontal-temporal functional connectivity in the right brain in closed-ended creativity. Since it has distinct cognitive processing from closed-ended creativity, the information selection in open-ended creativity might be underlain by different neural activity. To address this issue, a creative generation task of Chinese two-part allegorical sayings was adopted, and the trials were classified into novel and normal solutions according to participants' self-ratings. The results showed that (1) novel solutions induced a higher lower alpha power in the temporal area, which might be associated with the automatic, unconscious mental process of retrieving extensive semantic information, and (2) upper alpha power in both frontal and temporal areas and frontal-temporal alpha coherence were higher in novel solutions than in normal solutions, which might reflect the selective inhibition of semantic information. Furthermore, lower alpha power in the temporal area showed a reduction with time, while the frontal-temporal and temporal-temporal coherence in the upper alpha band appeared to increase from the early to the middle phase. These dynamic changes in neural activity might reflect the transformation from divergent thinking to convergent thinking in the creative progress. The advantage of the right brain in frontal-temporal connectivity was not found in the present work, which might result from the diversity of solutions in open-ended creativity.
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32
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Friston KJ, Lin M, Frith CD, Pezzulo G, Hobson JA, Ondobaka S. Active Inference, Curiosity and Insight. Neural Comput 2017; 29:2633-2683. [PMID: 28777724 DOI: 10.1162/neco_a_00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This article offers a formal account of curiosity and insight in terms of active (Bayesian) inference. It deals with the dual problem of inferring states of the world and learning its statistical structure. In contrast to current trends in machine learning (e.g., deep learning), we focus on how people attain insight and understanding using just a handful of observations, which are solicited through curious behavior. We use simulations of abstract rule learning and approximate Bayesian inference to show that minimizing (expected) variational free energy leads to active sampling of novel contingencies. This epistemic behavior closes explanatory gaps in generative models of the world, thereby reducing uncertainty and satisfying curiosity. We then move from epistemic learning to model selection or structure learning to show how abductive processes emerge when agents test plausible hypotheses about symmetries (i.e., invariances or rules) in their generative models. The ensuing Bayesian model reduction evinces mechanisms associated with sleep and has all the hallmarks of "aha" moments. This formulation moves toward a computational account of consciousness in the pre-Cartesian sense of sharable knowledge (i.e., con: "together"; scire: "to know").
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl J Friston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London WC1N 3BG, U.K.
| | - Marco Lin
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London WC1N 3BG, U.K.
| | - Christopher D Frith
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London WC1N 3BG, and Institute of Philosophy, School of Advanced Studies, University of London EC1E 7HU, U.K.
| | - Giovanni Pezzulo
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, 7-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - J Allan Hobson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London WC1N 3BG, U.K., and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, U.S.A.
| | - Sasha Ondobaka
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London WC1N 3BG, U.K.
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33
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Sprugnoli G, Rossi S, Emmendorfer A, Rossi A, Liew SL, Tatti E, di Lorenzo G, Pascual-Leone A, Santarnecchi E. Neural correlates of Eureka moment. INTELLIGENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Shen W, Yuan Y, Liu C, Luo J. The roles of the temporal lobe in creative insight: an integrated review. THINKING & REASONING 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13546783.2017.1308885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wangbing Shen
- School of Public Administration and Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- School of Psychology and Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Psychology and Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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35
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Hetereogeneity in Neuronal Intrinsic Properties: A Possible Mechanism for Hub-Like Properties of the Rat Anterior Cingulate Cortex during Network Activity. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-NWR-0313-16. [PMID: 28275720 PMCID: PMC5340498 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0313-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is vital for a range of brain functions requiring cognitive control and has highly divergent inputs and outputs, thus manifesting as a hub in connectomic analyses. Studies show diverse functional interactions within the ACC are associated with network oscillations in the β (20–30 Hz) and γ (30-80 Hz) frequency range. Oscillations permit dynamic routing of information within cortex, a function that depends on bandpass filter–like behavior to selectively respond to specific inputs. However, a putative hub region such as ACC needs to be able to combine inputs from multiple sources rather than select a single input at the expense of others. To address this potential functional dichotomy, we modeled local ACC network dynamics in the rat in vitro. Modal peak oscillation frequencies in the β- and γ-frequency band corresponded to GABAAergic synaptic kinetics as seen in other regions; however, the intrinsic properties of ACC principal neurons were highly diverse. Computational modeling predicted that this neuronal response diversity broadened the bandwidth for filtering rhythmic inputs and supported combination—rather than selection—of different frequencies within the canonical γ and β electroencephalograph bands. These findings suggest that oscillating neuronal populations can support either response selection (routing) or combination, depending on the interplay between the kinetics of synaptic inhibition and the degree of heterogeneity of principal cell intrinsic conductances.
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Rothmaler K, Nigbur R, Ivanova G. New insights into insight: Neurophysiological correlates of the difference between the intrinsic “aha” and the extrinsic “oh yes” moment. Neuropsychologia 2017; 95:204-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Shen W, Yuan Y, Liu C, Zhang X, Luo J, Gong Z. Is creative insight task-specific? A coordinate-based meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies on insightful problem solving. Int J Psychophysiol 2016; 110:81-90. [PMID: 27720998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The question of whether creative insight varies across problem types has recently come to the forefront of studies of creative cognition. In the present study, to address the nature of creative insight, the coordinate-based activation likelihood estimation (ALE) technique was utilized to individually conduct three quantitative meta-analyses of neuroimaging experiments that used the compound remote associate (CRA) task, the prototype heuristic (PH) task and the Chinese character chunk decomposition (CCD) task. These tasks were chosen because they are frequently used to uncover the neurocognitive correlates of insight. Our results demonstrated that creative insight reliably activates largely non-overlapping brain regions across task types, with the exception of some shared regions: the CRA task mainly relied on the right parahippocampal gyrus, the superior frontal gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus; the PH task primarily depended on the right middle occipital gyrus (MOG), the bilateral superior parietal lobule/precuneus, the left inferior parietal lobule, the left lingual gyrus and the left middle frontal gyrus; and the CCD task activated a broad cerebral network consisting of most dorsolateral and medial prefrontal regions, frontoparietal regions and the right MOG. These results provide the first neural evidence of the task dependence of creative insight. The implications of these findings for resolving conflict surrounding the different theories of creative cognition and for defining insight as a set of heterogeneous processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangbing Shen
- School of Public Administration and Institute of Applied Psychology, Hohai University, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, China; School of Psychology and Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nanjing Normal University, China.
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Psychology and Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nanjing Normal University, China.
| | - Xiaojiang Zhang
- School of Psychology and Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Capital Normal University, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Zhe Gong
- School of Psychology and Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nanjing Normal University, China
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Ragan ED, Endert A, Sanyal J, Chen J. Characterizing Provenance in Visualization and Data Analysis: An Organizational Framework of Provenance Types and Purposes. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2016; 22:31-40. [PMID: 26340779 DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2015.2467551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
While the primary goal of visual analytics research is to improve the quality of insights and findings, a substantial amount of research in provenance has focused on the history of changes and advances throughout the analysis process. The term, provenance, has been used in a variety of ways to describe different types of records and histories related to visualization. The existing body of provenance research has grown to a point where the consolidation of design knowledge requires cross-referencing a variety of projects and studies spanning multiple domain areas. We present an organizational framework of the different types of provenance information and purposes for why they are desired in the field of visual analytics. Our organization is intended to serve as a framework to help researchers specify types of provenance and coordinate design knowledge across projects. We also discuss the relationships between these factors and the methods used to capture provenance information. In addition, our organization can be used to guide the selection of evaluation methodology and the comparison of study outcomes in provenance research.
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Yu F, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Luo J. Insights triggered by textual micro-counseling dialogues of restructuring orientation in experts and students. Psych J 2015; 5:57-68. [DOI: 10.1002/pchj.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Beijing China
- Institute of Psychology; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- Education College; Hebei Normal University; Hebei China
| | - Wencai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Beijing China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Education College; Hebei Normal University; Hebei China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Beijing China
| | - Jing Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology; Capital Normal University; Beijing China
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Shen W, Yuan Y, Liu C, Luo J. In search of the ‘Aha!’ experience: Elucidating the emotionality of insight problem-solving. Br J Psychol 2015; 107:281-98. [DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wangbing Shen
- School of Public Administration and Institute of Applied Psychology; Hohai University; Nanjing China
- School of Psychology; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Psychology; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Psychology; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing China
| | - Jing Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition; Capital Normal University; Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health; Institute of Psychology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
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Cao Z, Li Y, Hitchman G, Qiu J, Zhang Q. Neural correlates underlying insight problem solving: Evidence from EEG alpha oscillations. Exp Brain Res 2015; 233:2497-506. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Huang F, Fan J, Luo J. The neural basis of novelty and appropriateness in processing of creative chunk decomposition. Neuroimage 2015; 113:122-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Zhang Z, Xing Q, Li H, Warren CM, Tang Z, Che J. Chunk decomposition contributes to forming new mental representations: An ERP study. Neurosci Lett 2015; 598:12-7. [PMID: 25957557 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglu Zhang
- College of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, PR China; Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Qiang Xing
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Hong Li
- Research Centre for Brain Function and Psychological Science, Shenzhen University, PR China
| | | | - Zhiwen Tang
- Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Jingshang Che
- Guangdong Nanfang Vocational College, Jiangmen 529000, PR China
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Abstract
The brain did not develop a dedicated device for reasoning. This fact bears dramatic consequences. While for perceptuo-motor functions neural activity is shaped by the input's statistical properties, and processing is carried out at high speed in hardwired spatially segregated modules, in reasoning, neural activity is driven by internal dynamics and processing times, stages, and functional brain geometry are largely unconstrained a priori. Here, it is shown that the complex properties of spontaneous activity, which can be ignored in a short-lived event-related world, become prominent at the long time scales of certain forms of reasoning. It is argued that the neural correlates of reasoning should in fact be defined in terms of non-trivial generic properties of spontaneous brain activity, and that this implies resorting to concepts, analytical tools, and ways of designing experiments that are as yet non-standard in cognitive neuroscience. The implications in terms of models of brain activity, shape of the neural correlates, methods of data analysis, observability of the phenomenon, and experimental designs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Papo
- GISC and Laboratory of Biological Networks, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid, Spain
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45
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Social conflicts elicit an N400-like component. Neuropsychologia 2014; 65:211-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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46
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Uniformity and nonuniformity of neural activities correlated to different insight problem solving. Neuroscience 2014; 270:203-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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47
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Du X, Hitchman G, Zhang QL, Qiu J. An ERP Study of Expectation Violation in a Social Comparison Context. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies pay more attention to the cognitive control in classical cognitive conflict task but the time-course of the expectation violation in a social comparison context remains unknown. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to explore the electrophysiological correlates of expectation violation by using a reward feedback paradigm in a social comparison context. Results showed that: Expectation incongruent stimuli (EIS) elicited a more positive ERP deflection (P400-700) than did expectation congruent stimuli (ECS) between 400 and 700 ms. Furthermore, dipole source analysis revealed that the generator of P400-700 was localized near the posterior cingulate gyrus (PCC), which might be involved in the monitoring and controlling of reward expectation conflict (expectation violation). EIS also elicited a more negative ERP deflection (N1000-1500) than did ECS between 1,000 and 1,500 ms. The generator of N1000-1500 was localized near the parahippocampal gyrus, which might be related to unpleasant emotions induced by a lack of reward feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Du
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Glenn Hitchman
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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Ding X, Tang YY, Cao C, Deng Y, Wang Y, Xin X, Posner MI. Short-term meditation modulates brain activity of insight evoked with solution cue. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2014; 10:43-9. [PMID: 24532700 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsu032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Meditation has been shown to improve creativity in some situation. However, little is known about the brain systems underling insight into a problem when the person fails to solve the problem. Here, we examined the neural correlation using Chinese Remote Association Test, as a measure of creativity. We provide a solution following the failure of the participant to provide one. We examine how meditation in comparison with relaxation influences the reaction of the participant to a correct solution. The event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging showed greater activity, mainly distributed in the right cingulate gyrus (CG), insula, putamen, inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and the bilateral middle frontal gyrus (MFG), the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and the superior temporal gyrus (STG). This pattern of activation was greater following 5 h of meditation training than the same amount of relaxation. Based on prior research, we speculate on the function of this pattern of brain activity: (i) CG may be involved in detecting conflict and breaking mental set, (ii) MFG/IFG may play an important role in restructuring of the problem representation, (iii) insula, IPL and STG may be associated with error detection, problem understanding or general attentive control and (iv) putamen may be activated by 'Aha' feeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Ding
- Institute of Neuroinformatics and Laboratory for Body and Mind, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China, Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA, and Department of Psychology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Yi-Yuan Tang
- Institute of Neuroinformatics and Laboratory for Body and Mind, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China, Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA, and Department of Psychology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA Institute of Neuroinformatics and Laboratory for Body and Mind, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China, Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA, and Department of Psychology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Chen Cao
- Institute of Neuroinformatics and Laboratory for Body and Mind, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China, Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA, and Department of Psychology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Yuqin Deng
- Institute of Neuroinformatics and Laboratory for Body and Mind, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China, Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA, and Department of Psychology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Neuroinformatics and Laboratory for Body and Mind, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China, Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA, and Department of Psychology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Xiu Xin
- Institute of Neuroinformatics and Laboratory for Body and Mind, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China, Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA, and Department of Psychology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Michael I Posner
- Institute of Neuroinformatics and Laboratory for Body and Mind, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China, Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA, and Department of Psychology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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49
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Neural pathway in the right hemisphere underlies verbal insight problem solving. Neuroscience 2014; 256:334-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Li Y, Xiao X, Ma W, Jiang J, Qiu J, Zhang Q. Electrophysiological evidence for emotional valence and competitive arousal effects on insight problem solving. Brain Res 2013; 1538:61-72. [PMID: 24076208 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that insight can be substantially influenced by task-irrelevant emotion stimuli and interpersonal competitive situation, and a close link might exist between them. Using a learning-testing paradigm and Event-Related Potentials (ERPs), the present study investigated the independent and joint effects of emotional and competitive information on insight problem solving especially their neural mechanisms. Subjects situated in either competitive or non-competitive condition learned heuristic logogriphs first and then viewed task-irrelevant positive or negative emotional pictures, which were followed by test logogriphs to solve. Both behavioral and ERP findings showed a more evident insight boost following negative emotional pictures in competitive context. Results demonstrated that negative emotion and competitive situation might promote insight by a defocused mode of attention (as indicated by N1 and P2), the enhanced semantic integration and breaking mental set (as indicated by N450), and the increased forming of novel associations activated by motivational arousal originating from competition (as indicated by P800-1600 and P1600-2500). These results indicate that the dynamic interactions between emotional valence and competitive arousal effects on insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadan Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, China
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