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Machaj W, Podgórski P, Maciaszek J, Piotrowski P, Szcześniak D, Korbecki A, Rymaszewska J, Zimny A. Evaluation of Intra- and Inter-Network Connectivity within Major Brain Networks in Drug-Resistant Depression Using rs-fMRI. J Clin Med 2024; 13:5507. [PMID: 39336994 PMCID: PMC11431996 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13185507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a significant challenge in modern medicine due to its unclear underlying causes. Brain network dysfunction is believed to play a key role in its pathophysiology. Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), a neuroimaging technique, enables the in vivo assessment of functional connectivity (FC) between brain regions, offering insights into these network dysfunctions. The aim of this study was to evaluate abnormalities in FC within major brain networks in patients with drug-resistant MDD. Methods: The study group consisted of 26 patients with drug-resistant MDD and an age-matched control group (CG) of 26 healthy subjects. The rs-fMRI studies were performed on a 3T MR scanner (Philips, Ingenia) using a 32-channel head and neck coil. Imaging data were statistically analyzed, focusing on the intra- and inter-network FC of the following networks: default mode (DMN), sensorimotor (SMN), visual (VN), salience (SN), cerebellar (CN), dorsal attention (DAN), language (LN), and frontoparietal (FPN). Results: In patients with MDD, the intra-network analysis showed significantly decreased FC between nodes within VN compared to CG. In contrast, the inter-network analysis showed significantly increased FC between nodes from VN and SN or VN and DAN compared to CG. Decreased FC was found between SN and CN or SN and FPN as well as VN and DAN nodes compared to CG. Conclusions: Patients with MDD showed significant abnormalities in resting-state cortical activity, mainly regarding inter-network functional connectivity. These results contribute to the knowledge on the pathomechanism of MDD and may also be useful for developing new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Machaj
- Department of General and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Podgórski
- Department of General and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julian Maciaszek
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Patryk Piotrowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Szcześniak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adrian Korbecki
- Department of General and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Rymaszewska
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, WUST Hoene-Wrońskiego 13c, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Zimny
- Department of General and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Fraccalini T, Ricci V, Tarozzo B, Cardinale L, Primerano G, Kowsaralsadat M, Piccininni G, Boccuzzi A, Maina G, Volpicelli G. Effects of seasonality in emergency admissions for mental disorders: two years of clinical experience. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2024; 28:45-52. [PMID: 38588530 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2024.2331481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This retrospective study, conducted in Turin, Italy, between January 2021 and February 2023, investigates the impact of seasonal heatwaves on emergency department (ED) admissions for mental disorders. METHODS Through the analysis of data from 2,854 patients, this research found a significant link between the occurrence of heatwaves, especially from June to August, and an elevated rate of ED admissions for psychiatric conditions. RESULTS The data indicate a clear seasonal pattern, with admissions peaking during the hot months and diminishing in the colder months. Particularly, the study delineates an enhanced correlation between heatwaves and admissions for severe psychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder, major depression, personality disorders, and schizophrenia, accounting for 1,868 of the cases examined. This correlation was most pronounced among individuals aged 50-59 years. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study highlight a critical association between the incidence of seasonal heatwaves and an uptick in ED visits for psychiatric disorders, with a distinct impact on severe cases. It underscores the urgency for healthcare systems to anticipate seasonal fluctuations in psychiatric ED admissions and to allocate resources effectively to support patients during peak periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fraccalini
- Department of Emergency Medicine, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Valerio Ricci
- Department of Psychiatry, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Luciano Cardinale
- Department of Oncology, Radiology Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Primerano
- Department of Aero-spatial Engineering, Politecnico of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Meraji Kowsaralsadat
- Graduation course, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giacomo Piccininni
- Graduation course, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Adriana Boccuzzi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maina
- Department of Psychiatry, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Turin, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Volpicelli
- Department of Emergency Medicine, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Nanni-Zepeda M, DeGutis J, Wu C, Rothlein D, Fan Y, Grimm S, Walter M, Esterman M, Zuberer A. Neural signatures of shared subjective affective engagement and disengagement during movie viewing. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26622. [PMID: 38488450 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
When watching a negative emotional movie, we differ from person to person in the ease with which we engage and the difficulty with which we disengage throughout a temporally evolving narrative. We investigated neural responses of emotional processing, by considering inter-individual synchronization in subjective emotional engagement and disengagement. The neural underpinnings of these shared responses are ideally studied in naturalistic scenarios like movie viewing, wherein individuals emotionally engage and disengage at their own time and pace throughout the course of a narrative. Despite the rich data that naturalistic designs can bring to the study, there is a challenge in determining time-resolved behavioral markers of subjective engagement and disengagement and their underlying neural responses. We used a within-subject cross-over design instructing 22 subjects to watch clips of either neutral or sad content while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants watched the same movies a second time while continuously annotating the perceived emotional intensity, thus enabling the mapping of brain activity and emotional experience. Our analyses revealed that between-participant similarity in waxing (engagement) and waning (disengagement) of emotional intensity was directly related to the between-participant similarity in spatiotemporal patterns of brain activation during the movie(s). Similar patterns of engagement reflected common activation in the bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortex, regions often involved in self-referenced evaluation and generation of negative emotions. Similar patterns of disengagement reflected common activation in central executive and default mode network regions often involved in top-down emotion regulation. Together this work helps to better understand cognitive and neural mechanisms underpinning engagement and disengagement from emotionally evocative narratives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanni Nanni-Zepeda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joseph DeGutis
- Boston Attention and Learning Laboratory, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charley Wu
- Human and Machine Cognition Lab, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Rothlein
- Boston Attention and Learning Laboratory, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yan Fan
- Department Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Simone Grimm
- Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Esterman
- Boston Attention and Learning Laboratory, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Agnieszka Zuberer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Boston Attention and Learning Laboratory, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Niroumand Sarvandani M, Sheikhi Koohsar J, Rafaiee R, Saeedi M, Seyedhosseini Tamijani SM, Ghazvini H, Sheibani H. COVID-19 and the Brain: A Psychological and Resting-state Functional Magnetic Resonance Imagin (fMRI) Study of the Whole-brain Functional Connectivity. Basic Clin Neurosci 2023; 14:753-771. [PMID: 39070192 PMCID: PMC11273205 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2021.1425.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) spreads rapidly worldwide and causes severe acute respiratory syndrome. The current study aims to evaluate the relationship between the whole-brain functional connections in a resting state and cognitive impairments in patients with COVID-19 compared to the healthy control group. Methods Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) data were obtained from 29 patients of the acute stage of COVID-19 on the third day of admission and 20 healthy controls. Cross-correlation of the mean resting-state signals was determined in the voxels of 23 independent components (IC) of brain neural circuits. To assess cognitive function and neuropsychological status, MoCA was performed on all participants. The relationship between rs-fMRI information, neuropsychological status, and paraclinical data was analyzed. Results The COVID-19 group got a lower mean MoCA score and showed a significant reduction in the functional connectivity of the IC14 (P<0.001) and IC38 (P<0.001) regions compared to the controls. The increase in functional connectivity was observed in the COVID-19 group compared to the controls at baseline in the default mode network (DMN) IC00 (P<0.001) and dorsal attention network (DAN) IC08 (P<0.001) regions. Furthermore, the alternation of functional connectivity in the mentioned ICs was significantly correlated with the mean MoCA scores and inflammatory parameters, i.e. erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Conclusion Functional connectivity abnormalities in four brain neural circuits are associated with cognitive impairment and increased inflammatory markers in patients with COVID-19. Highlights The patients with coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) got a lower mean Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) score.The patients with COVID-19 showed significant reduction in the functional connectivity of the IC14 and IC38 regions.The patients with COVID-19 showed significant increase of functional connectivity in the default mode network (DMN) IC00 and dorsal attention network (DAN) IC08 regions.Alternation of functional connectivity was significantly correlated with the mean MoCA scores and ESR and CRP. Plain Language Summary The researcher aimed at assessing cognitive impairments and investigating the whole-brain functional connectivity using resting state fMRI in patients with COVID-19 compared with healthy control group. The result showed That COVID-19 group got a lower mean cognitive score and showed a significant reduction in the functional connectivity of the IC14 and IC38 regions of brain compared with controls. Also, the increase of functional connectivity was observed in the COVID-19 group compared with controls at baseline in the default mode network (DMN) and dorsal attention network (DAN) regions of brain. Moreover, Functional connectivity abnormalities in four brain neural circuits associated with cognitive impairment and increased inflammatory markers in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Niroumand Sarvandani
- Department of Addiction Studies, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Javad Sheikhi Koohsar
- Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Raheleh Rafaiee
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Maryam Saeedi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Ghazvini
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hossein Sheibani
- Unit of Clinical Research Development, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Xu L, Choi S, Zhao Y, Li M, Rogers BP, Anderson A, Gore JC, Gao Y, Ding Z. Seasonal variations of functional connectivity of human brains. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16898. [PMID: 37803105 PMCID: PMC10558480 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43152-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal variations have long been observed in various aspects of human life. While there is an abundance of research that has characterized seasonality effects in, for example, cognition, mood, and behavior, including studies of underlying biophysical mechanisms, direct measurements of seasonal variations of brain functional activities have not gained wide attention. We have quantified seasonal effects on functional connectivity as derived from MRI scans. A cohort of healthy human subjects was divided into four groups based on the seasons of their scanning dates as documented in the image database of the Human Connectome Project. Sinusoidal functions were used as regressors to determine whether there were significant seasonal variations in measures of brain activities. We began with the analysis of seasonal variations of the fractional amplitudes of low frequency fluctuations of regional functional signals, followed by the seasonal variations of functional connectivity in both global- and network-level. Furthermore, relevant environmental factors, including average temperature and daylength, were found to be significantly associated with brain functional activities, which may explain how the observed seasonal fluctuations arise. Finally, topological properties of the brain functional network also showed significant variations across seasons. All the observations accumulated revealed seasonality effects of human brain activities in a resting-state, which may have important practical implications for neuroimaging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyuan Xu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Soyoung Choi
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yu Zhao
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Muwei Li
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Baxter P Rogers
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Adam Anderson
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John C Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yurui Gao
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zhaohua Ding
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Fabbro S, Piccolo D, Vescovi MC, Bagatto D, Tereshko Y, Belgrado E, Maieron M, De Colle MC, Skrap M, Tuniz F. Resting-state functional-MRI in iNPH: can default mode and motor networks changes improve patient selection and outcome? Preliminary report. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:7. [PMID: 36703181 PMCID: PMC9878781 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a progressive and partially reversible form of dementia, characterized by impaired interactions between multiple brain regions. Because of the presence of comorbidities and a lack of accurate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, only a minority of patients receives disease-specific treatment. Recently, resting-state functional-magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has demonstrated functional connectivity alterations in inter-hemispheric, frontal, occipital, default-mode (DMN) and motor network (MN) circuits. Herein, we report our experience in a cohort of iNPH patients that underwent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics evaluation and rs-fMRI. The study aimed to identify functional circuits related to iNPH and explore the relationship between DMN and MN recordings and clinical modifications before and after infusion and tap test, trying to understand iNPH pathophysiology and to predict the best responders to ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) implant. METHODS We prospectively collected data regarding clinical assessment, neuroradiological findings, lumbar infusion and tap test of thirty-two iNPH patients who underwent VPS implant. Rs-fMRI was performed using MELODIC-ICA both before and after the tap test. Rs-fMRI data of thirty healthy subjects were also recorded. RESULTS At the baseline, reduced z-DMN and z-MN scores were recorded in the iNPH cohort compared with controls. Higher z-scores were recorded in more impaired patients. Both z-scores significantly improved after the tap test except in subjects with a low resistance to outflow value and without a significant clinical improvement after the test. A statistically significant difference in mean MN connectivity scores for tap test responders and non-responders was demonstrated both before (p = 0.0236) and after the test (p = 0.00137). A statistically significant main effect of the tap test on DMN connectivity after CSF subtraction was recorded (p = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest the presence of a partially reversible plasticity functional mechanism in DMN and MN. Low values compensate for the initial stages of the disease, while higher values of z-DMN were recorded in older patients with a longer duration of symptoms, suggesting an exhausted plasticity compensation. The standardization of this technique could play a role as a non-invasive biomarker in iNPH disease, suggesting the right time for surgery. Trial Registration Prot. IRB 090/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fabbro
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASUFC “Santa Maria Della Misericordia”, Piazzale Santa Maria Della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Daniele Piccolo
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASUFC “Santa Maria Della Misericordia”, Piazzale Santa Maria Della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy ,grid.8982.b0000 0004 1762 5736Department of Clinical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Alessandro Brambilla 74, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Vescovi
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASUFC “Santa Maria Della Misericordia”, Piazzale Santa Maria Della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Daniele Bagatto
- Department of Neuroradiology, ASUFC “Santa Maria Della Misericordia”, Piazzale Santa Maria Della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Yan Tereshko
- Department of Neurology, ASUFC “Santa Maria Della Misericordia”, Piazzale Santa Maria Della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Enrico Belgrado
- Department of Neurology, ASUFC “Santa Maria Della Misericordia”, Piazzale Santa Maria Della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Marta Maieron
- Department of Physics, ASUFC “Santa Maria Della Misericordia”, Piazzale Santa Maria Della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina De Colle
- Department of Neuroradiology, ASUFC “Santa Maria Della Misericordia”, Piazzale Santa Maria Della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Miran Skrap
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASUFC “Santa Maria Della Misericordia”, Piazzale Santa Maria Della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Francesco Tuniz
- Department of Neurosurgery, ASUFC “Santa Maria Della Misericordia”, Piazzale Santa Maria Della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Di X, Woelfer M, Kühn S, Zhang Z, Biswal BB. Estimations of the weather effects on brain functions using functional MRI: A cautionary note. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:3346-3356. [PMID: 35586932 PMCID: PMC9248317 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The influences of environmental factors such as weather on the human brain are still largely unknown. A few neuroimaging studies have demonstrated seasonal effects, but were limited by their cross‐sectional design or sample sizes. Most importantly, the stability of the MRI scanner has not been taken into account, which may also be affected by environments. In the current study, we analyzed longitudinal resting‐state functional MRI (fMRI) data from eight individuals, where they were scanned over months to years. We applied machine learning regression to use different resting‐state parameters, including the amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and functional connectivity matrix, to predict different weather and environmental parameters. For careful control, the raw EPI and the anatomical images were also used for predictions. We first found that daylight length and air temperatures could be reliably predicted with cross‐validation using the resting‐state parameters. However, similar prediction accuracies could also be achieved by using one frame of EPI image, and even higher accuracies could be achieved by using the segmented or raw anatomical images. Finally, the signals outside of the brain in the anatomical images and signals in phantom scans could also achieve higher prediction accuracies, suggesting that the predictability may be due to the baseline signals of the MRI scanner. After all, we did not identify detectable influences of weather on brain functions other than the influences on the baseline signals of MRI scanners. The results highlight the difficulty of studying long‐term effects using MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Di
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Marie Woelfer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department for Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Simone Kühn
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.,Clinic and Polyclinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bharat B Biswal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Fu Z, Iraji A, Turner JA, Sui J, Miller R, Pearlson GD, Calhoun VD. Dynamic state with covarying brain activity-connectivity: On the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Neuroimage 2021; 224:117385. [PMID: 32950691 PMCID: PMC7781150 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain is a dynamic system that incorporates the evolution of local activities and the reconfiguration of brain interactions. Reoccurring brain patterns, regarded as "brain states", have revealed new insights into the pathophysiology of brain disorders, particularly schizophrenia. However, previous studies only focus on the dynamics of either brain activity or connectivity, ignoring the temporal co-evolution between them. In this work, we propose to capture dynamic brain states with covarying activity-connectivity and probe schizophrenia-related brain abnormalities. We find that the state-based activity and connectivity show high correspondence, where strong and antagonistic connectivity is accompanied with strong low-frequency fluctuations across the whole brain while weak and sparse connectivity co-occurs with weak low-frequency fluctuations. In addition, graphical analysis shows that connectivity network efficiency is associated with the fluctuation of brain activities and such associations are different across brain states. Compared with healthy controls, schizophrenia patients spend more time in weakly-connected and -activated brain states but less time in strongly-connected and -activated brain states. schizophrenia patients also show lower efficiency in thalamic regions within the "strong" states. Interestingly, the atypical fractional occupancy of one brain state is correlated with individual attention performance. Our findings are replicated in another independent dataset and validated using different brain parcellation schemes. These converging results suggest that the brain spontaneously reconfigures with covarying activity and connectivity and such co-evolutionary property might provide meaningful information on the mechanism of brain disorders which cannot be observed by investigating either of them alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zening Fu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | - Armin Iraji
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, GA, United States
| | - Jing Sui
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Centre for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Robyn Miller
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, the Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Wang D, Hu L, Xu X, Ma X, Li Y, Liu Y, Wang Q, Zhuo C. KIBRA and APOE Gene Variants Affect Brain Functional Network Connectivity in Healthy Older People. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74:1725-1733. [PMID: 30715155 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Genetic factors play a critical role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Kidney and brain expressed protein (KIBRA) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) are involved in episodic memory performance and AD. However, the interactions between KIBRA and APOE on brain functional network connectivity (FNC) remain unknown in healthy older people. Using independent component analysis, we systematically investigated additive and epistatic interactions of KIBRA rs1707045 and APOE on FNC in 170 healthy older Chinese people of Han ethnicity. We found significant additive KIBRA–APOE interactions on brain FNC in the right medial prefrontal cortex, the posterior cingulate cortex in the default-mode network, and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex in the salience network. We also found significant epistatic KIBRA–APOE interactions on brain FNC in the left superior frontal gyrus and left angular gyrus in default-mode network. No significant KIBRA–APOE interactions were detected in other brain resting-state networks. These findings suggest that healthy older people have additive and epistatic interactions of KIBRA and APOE gene variants, which modulate brain FNC and may partly elucidate their association with episodic memory performance and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shangdong University, China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shangdong University, China
| | - Xinghua Xu
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shangdong University, China
| | - Xiangxing Ma
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shangdong University, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shangdong University, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Brainnetome Center, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shangdong University, China
| | - Chuanjun Zhuo
- Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory (PNGC-Lab), Tianjin Anding Hospital, China
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10
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Borgsted C, Ozenne B, Mc Mahon B, Madsen MK, Hjordt LV, Hageman I, Baaré WFC, Knudsen GM, Fisher PM. Amygdala response to emotional faces in seasonal affective disorder. J Affect Disord 2018; 229:288-295. [PMID: 29329062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is characterized by seasonally recurring depression. Heightened amygdala activation to aversive stimuli is associated with major depressive disorder but its relation to SAD is unclear. We evaluated seasonal variation in amygdala activation in SAD and healthy controls (HC) using a longitudinal design targeting the asymptomatic/symptomatic phases of SAD. We hypothesized increased amygdala activation to aversive stimuli in the winter in SAD individuals (season-by-group interaction). METHODS Seventeen SAD individuals and 15 HCs completed an implicit emotional faces BOLD-fMRI paradigm during summer and winter. We computed amygdala activation (SPM5) to an aversive contrast (angry & fearful minus neutral) and angry, fearful and neutral faces, separately. Season-by-group and main effects were evaluated using Generalized Least Squares. In SAD individuals, we correlated change in symptom severity, assessed with The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression - Seasonal Affective Disorder version (SIGH-SAD), with change in amygdala activation. RESULTS We found no season-by-group, season or group effect on our aversive contrast. Independent of season, SAD individuals showed significantly lower amygdala activation to all faces compared to healthy controls, with no evidence for a season-by-group interaction. Seasonal change in amygdala activation was unrelated to change in SIGH-SAD. LIMITATIONS Small sample size, lack of positive valence stimuli. CONCLUSIONS Amygdala activation to aversive faces is not increased in symptomatic SAD individuals. Instead, we observed decreased amygdala activation across faces, independent of season. Our findings suggest that amygdala activation to angry, fearful and neutral faces is altered in SAD individuals, independent of the presence of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Borgsted
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Section 6931, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Ozenne
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Section 6931, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brenda Mc Mahon
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Section 6931, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin K Madsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Section 6931, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liv V Hjordt
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Section 6931, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Hageman
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - William F C Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Section 6931, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick M Fisher
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Section 6931, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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11
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Petracca M, Saiote C, Bender HA, Arias F, Farrell C, Magioncalda P, Martino M, Miller A, Northoff G, Lublin F, Inglese M. Synchronization and variability imbalance underlie cognitive impairment in primary-progressive multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46411. [PMID: 28429774 PMCID: PMC5399449 DOI: 10.1038/srep46411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate functional connectivity and variability across multiple frequency bands in brain networks underlying cognitive deficits in primary-progressive multiple sclerosis (PP-MS) and to explore how they are affected by the presence of cortical lesions (CLs). We analyzed functional connectivity and variability (measured as the standard deviation of BOLD signal amplitude) in resting state networks (RSNs) associated with cognitive deficits in different frequency bands in 25 PP-MS patients (12 M, mean age 50.9 ± 10.5 years) and 20 healthy subjects (9 M, mean age 51.0 ± 9.8 years). We confirmed the presence of a widespread cognitive deterioration in PP-MS patients, with main involvement of visuo-spatial and executive domains. Cognitively impaired patients showed increased variability, reduced synchronicity between networks involved in the control of cognitive macro-domains and hyper-synchronicity limited to the connections between networks functionally more segregated. CL volume was higher in patients with cognitive impairment and was correlated with functional connectivity and variability. We demonstrate, for the first time, that a functional reorganization characterized by hypo-synchronicity of functionally-related/hyper-synchronicity of functionally-segregated large scale networks and an abnormal pattern of neural activity underlie cognitive dysfunction in PP-MS, and that CLs possibly play a role in variability and functional connectivity abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Petracca
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Catarina Saiote
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Heidi A. Bender
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Franchesca Arias
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Colleen Farrell
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Paola Magioncalda
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Mother-Child health, University of Genoa, Genoa, 16132, Italy
| | - Matteo Martino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Mother-Child health, University of Genoa, Genoa, 16132, Italy
| | - Aaron Miller
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Georg Northoff
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Fred Lublin
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Matilde Inglese
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Mother-Child health, University of Genoa, Genoa, 16132, Italy
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029, NY, USA
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12
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Nissilä JS, Mänttäri SK, Särkioja TT, Tuominen HJ, Takala TE, Kiviniemi VJ, Sormunen RT, Saarela SYO, Timonen MJ. The distribution of melanopsin (OPN4) protein in the human brain. Chronobiol Int 2016; 34:37-44. [PMID: 27690288 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2016.1232269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Until now, melanopsin (OPN4) - a specialized photopigment being responsive especially to blue light wavelengths - has not been found in the human brain at protein level outside the retina. More specifically, OPN4 has only been found in about 2% of retinal ganglion cells (i.e. in intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells), and in a subtype of retinal cone-cells. Given that Allen Institute for Brain Science has described a wide distribution of OPN4 mRNA in two human brains, we aimed to investigate whether OPN4 is present in the human brain also at protein level. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, as well as immunoelectron microscopy, were used to analyse the existence and distribution of OPN4 protein in 18 investigated areas of the human brain in samples obtained in forensic autopsies from 10 male subjects (54 ± 3.5 years). OPN4 protein expression was found in all subjects, and, furthermore, in 5 out of 10 subjects in all investigated brain areas localized in membranous compartments and cytoplasmic vesicles of neurons. To our opinion, the wide distribution of OPN4 in central areas of the human brain evokes a question whether ambient light has important straight targets in the human brain outside the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT). Further studies are, however, needed to investigate the putative physiological phototransductive actions of inborn OPN4 protein outside the RHT in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juuso S Nissilä
- a University of Oulu, Center for Life Course Health Research , Oulu , Finland.,b Department of Biology, University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Satu K Mänttäri
- b Department of Biology, University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Terttu T Särkioja
- c University of Oulu , Institute of Diagnostics, Forensic Medicine , Oulu , Finland
| | - Hannu J Tuominen
- d University of Oulu , Institute of Diagnostics, Pathology , Oulu , Finland.,e Department of Pathology , Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland
| | | | - Vesa J Kiviniemi
- g Department of Diagnostic Radiology , Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland
| | - Raija T Sormunen
- d University of Oulu , Institute of Diagnostics, Pathology , Oulu , Finland.,e Department of Pathology , Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland.,h Biocenter Oulu , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | | | - Markku J Timonen
- a University of Oulu, Center for Life Course Health Research , Oulu , Finland
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13
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Chen Y, Juhás M, Greenshaw AJ, Hu Q, Meng X, Cui H, Ding Y, Kang L, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Cui G, Li P. Abnormal resting-state functional connectivity of the left caudate nucleus in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neurosci Lett 2016; 623:57-62. [PMID: 27143323 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Altered brain activities in the cortico-striato-thalamocortical (CSTC) circuitry are implicated in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, whether the underlying changes occur only within this circuitry or in large-scale networks is still not thoroughly understood. This study performed voxel-based functional connectivity analysis on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from thirty OCD patients and thirty healthy controls to investigate whole-brain intrinsic functional connectivity patterns in OCD. Relative to the healthy controls, OCD patients showed decreased functional connectivity within the CSTC circuitry but increased functional connectivity in other brain regions. Furthermore, decreased left caudate nucleus-thalamus connectivity within the CSTC circuitry was positively correlated with the illness duration of OCD. This study provides additional evidence that CSTC circuitry may play an essential role and alteration of large-scale brain networks may be involved in the pathophysiology of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Michal Juhás
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew J Greenshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Qiqihar Mental Health Center, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hongsheng Cui
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yongzhuo Ding
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lu Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yubo Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Guangcheng Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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14
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Winkler AM, Webster MA, Brooks JC, Tracey I, Smith SM, Nichols TE. Non-parametric combination and related permutation tests for neuroimaging. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:1486-511. [PMID: 26848101 PMCID: PMC4783210 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we show how permutation methods can be applied to combination analyses such as those that include multiple imaging modalities, multiple data acquisitions of the same modality, or simply multiple hypotheses on the same data. Using the well-known definition of union-intersection tests and closed testing procedures, we use synchronized permutations to correct for such multiplicity of tests, allowing flexibility to integrate imaging data with different spatial resolutions, surface and/or volume-based representations of the brain, including non-imaging data. For the problem of joint inference, we propose and evaluate a modification of the recently introduced non-parametric combination (NPC) methodology, such that instead of a two-phase algorithm and large data storage requirements, the inference can be performed in a single phase, with reasonable computational demands. The method compares favorably to classical multivariate tests (such as MANCOVA), even when the latter is assessed using permutations. We also evaluate, in the context of permutation tests, various combining methods that have been proposed in the past decades, and identify those that provide the best control over error rate and power across a range of situations. We show that one of these, the method of Tippett, provides a link between correction for the multiplicity of tests and their combination. Finally, we discuss how the correction can solve certain problems of multiple comparisons in one-way ANOVA designs, and how the combination is distinguished from conjunctions, even though both can be assessed using permutation tests. We also provide a common algorithm that accommodates combination and correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson M Winkler
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A Webster
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan C Brooks
- Clinical Research and Imaging Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Tracey
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M Smith
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Statistics & Warwick Manufacturing Group, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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15
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Northoff G. Spatiotemporal psychopathology I: No rest for the brain's resting state activity in depression? Spatiotemporal psychopathology of depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord 2016; 190:854-866. [PMID: 26048657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite intense neurobiological investigation in psychiatric disorders like major depressive disorder (MDD), the basic disturbance that underlies the psychopathological symptoms of MDD remains, nevertheless, unclear. Neuroimaging has focused mainly on the brain's extrinsic activity, specifically task-evoked or stimulus-induced activity, as related to the various sensorimotor, affective, cognitive, and social functions. Recently, the focus has shifted to the brain's intrinsic activity, otherwise known as its resting state activity. While various abnormalities have been observed during this activity, their meaning and significance for depression, along with its various psychopathological symptoms, are yet to be defined. Based on findings in healthy brain resting state activity and its particular spatial and temporal structure - defined in a functional and physiological sense rather than anatomical and structural - I claim that the various depressive symptoms are spatiotemporal disturbances of the resting state activity and its spatiotemporal structure. This is supported by recent findings that link ruminations and increased self-focus in depression to abnormal spatial organization of resting state activity. Analogously, affective and cognitive symptoms like anhedonia, suicidal ideation, and thought disorder can be traced to an increased focus on the past, increased past-focus as basic temporal disturbance o the resting state. Based on these findings, I conclude that the various depressive symptoms must be conceived as spatiotemporal disturbances of the brain's resting state's activity and its spatiotemporal structure. Importantly, this entails a new form of psychopathology, "Spatiotemporal Psychopathology" that directly links the brain and psyche, therefore having major diagnostic and therapeutic implications for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Northoff
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China; Center for Brain and Consciousness, Taipeh Medical University (TMU), Taipeh, Taiwan; College for Humanities and Medicine, Taipeh Medical University (TMU), Taipeh, Taiwan; ITAB, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
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16
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Decoupled temporal variability and signal synchronization of spontaneous brain activity in loss of consciousness: An fMRI study in anesthesia. Neuroimage 2015; 124:693-703. [PMID: 26343319 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Two aspects of the low frequency fluctuations of spontaneous brain activity have been proposed which reflect the complex and dynamic features of resting-state activity, namely temporal variability and signal synchronization. The relationship between them, especially its role in consciousness, nevertheless remains unclear. Our study examined the temporal variability and signal synchronization of spontaneous brain activity, as well as their relationship during loss of consciousness. We applied an intra-subject design of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in two conditions: during wakefulness, and under anesthesia with clinical unconsciousness. In addition, an independent group of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) was included in order to test the reliability of our findings. We observed a global reduction in the temporal variability, local and distant brain signal synchronization for subjects during anesthesia. Importantly, we found a link between temporal variability and both local and distant signal synchronizations during wakefulness: the higher the degree of temporal variability, the higher its intra-regional homogeneity and inter-regional functional connectivity. In contrast, this link was broken down under anesthesia, implying a decoupling between temporal variability and signal synchronization; this decoupling was reproduced in patients with DOC. Our results suggest that there exist some as yet unclear physiological mechanisms of consciousness which "couple" the two mathematically independent measures, temporal variability and signal synchronization of spontaneous brain activity. Our findings not only extend our current knowledge of the neural correlates of anesthetic-induced unconsciousness, but have implications for both computational neural modeling and clinical practice, such as in the diagnosis of loss of consciousness in patients with DOC.
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17
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Altered regional activity and inter-regional functional connectivity in psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11635. [PMID: 26109123 PMCID: PMC4480007 DOI: 10.1038/srep11635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although various imaging studies have focused on detecting the cerebral function underlying psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES), the nature of PNES remains poorly understood. In this study, we combined the resting state fMRI with fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and functional connectivity based on the seed voxel linear correlation approach to examine the alterations of regional and inter-regional network cerebral functions in PNES. A total of 20 healthy controls and 18 patients were enrolled. The PNES patients showed significantly increased fALFF mainly in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), parietal cortices, and motor areas, as well as decreased fALFF in the triangular inferior frontal gyrus. Thus, our results add to literature suggesting abnormalities of neural synchrony in PNES. Moreover, PNES exhibited widespread inter-regional neural network deficits, including increased (DLPFC, sensorimotor, and limbic system) and decreased (ventrolateral prefrontal cortex) connectivity, indicating that changes in the regional cerebral function are related to remote inter-regional network deficits. Correlation analysis results revealed that the connectivity between supplementary motor area and anterior cingulate cortex correlated with the PNES frequency, further suggesting the skewed integration of synchronous activity could predispose to the occurrence of PNES. Our findings provided novel evidence to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of PNES.
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18
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Gao L, Bai L, Zhang Y, Dai XJ, Netra R, Min Y, Zhou F, Niu C, Dun W, Gong H, Zhang M. Frequency-dependent changes of local resting oscillations in sleep-deprived brain. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120323. [PMID: 25798918 PMCID: PMC4370559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) adversely affects brain function and is accompanied by frequency dependent changes in EEG. Recent studies have suggested that BOLD fluctuations pertain to a spatiotemporal organization with different frequencies. The present study aimed to investigate the frequency-dependent SD-related brain oscillatory activity by using the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) analysis. The ALFF changes were measured across different frequencies (Slow-4: 0.027–0.073 Hz; Slow-5: 0.01–0.027 Hz; and Typical band: 0.01–0.08 Hz) in 24 h SD as compared to rested wakeful during resting-state fMRI. Sixteen volunteers underwent two fMRI sessions, once during rested wakefulness and once after 24 h of SD. SD showed prominently decreased ALFF in the right inferior parietal lobule (IPL), bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), while increased ALFF in the visual cortex, left sensorimotor cortex and fusiform gyrus. Across the Slow-4 and Slow-5, results differed significantly in the OFC, DLPFC, thalamus and caudate in comparison to typical frequency band; and Slow-4 showed greater differences. In addition, negative correlations of behavior performance and ALFF patterns were found mainly in the right IPL across the typical frequency band. These observations provided novel insights about the physiological responses of SD, identified how it disturbs the brain rhythms, and linked SD with frequency-dependent alterations in amplitude patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Lijun Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Zonglian Experimental Class, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xi-jian Dai
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Rana Netra
- Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Youjiang Min
- Acupuncture & Rehabilitation Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fuqing Zhou
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Chen Niu
- Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wanghuan Dun
- Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Honghan Gong
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- * E-mail: (MZ); (HG)
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (MZ); (HG)
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Borchardt V, Krause AL, Starck T, Nissilä J, Timonen M, Kiviniemi V, Walter M. Graph theory reveals hyper-functionality in visual cortices of Seasonal Affective Disorder patients. World J Biol Psychiatry 2015; 16:123-34. [PMID: 25363311 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2014.966144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a subtype of recurrent unipolar or bipolar depressive disorder with a higher prevalence in winter than in summer. The biological underpinnings of SAD are so far poorly understood. Studies examining SAD have found disturbances between the molecular and connectivity scales. The aim of the study was to explore changes in functional connectivity typical for SAD. METHODS We investigated unmedicated, untreated SAD patients and healthy controls using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) utilizing graph theory, a data driven and hypothesis free approach, to model functional networks of the brain. RESULTS Comparing whole brain network properties using graph theory we observed globally affected network topologies with increasing pathlength in SAD. Nodal changes, however, were highly restricted to bilateral inferior occipital cortex. Interestingly, we found a lateralization where hyper-connectedness was restricted to right inferior occipital cortex and hyper-efficiency was found in the left inferior occipital cortex. Furthermore, we found these nodes became more "hub like" in patients, suggesting a greater functional role. CONCLUSIONS Our work stresses the importance of abnormal intrinsic processing during rest, primarily affecting visual areas and subsequently changing whole brain networks, and thus providing an important hint towards potential future therapeutic approaches.
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Littow H, Huossa V, Karjalainen S, Jääskeläinen E, Haapea M, Miettunen J, Tervonen O, Isohanni M, Nikkinen J, Veijola J, Murray G, Kiviniemi VJ. Aberrant Functional Connectivity in the Default Mode and Central Executive Networks in Subjects with Schizophrenia - A Whole-Brain Resting-State ICA Study. Front Psychiatry 2015; 6:26. [PMID: 25767449 PMCID: PMC4341512 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurophysiological changes of schizophrenia are currently linked to disturbances in connectivity between functional brain networks. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies on schizophrenia have focused on a few selected networks. Also previously, it has not been possible to discern whether the functional alterations in schizophrenia originate from spatial shifting or amplitude alterations of functional connectivity. In this study, we aim to discern the differences in schizophrenia patients with respect to spatial shifting vs. signal amplitude changes in functional connectivity in the whole-brain connectome. We used high model order-independent component analysis to study some 40 resting-state networks (RSN) covering the whole cortex. Group differences were analyzed with dual regression coupled with y-concat correction for multiple comparisons. We investigated the RSNs with and without variance normalization in order to discern spatial shifting from signal amplitude changes in 43 schizophrenia patients and matched controls from the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort. Voxel-level correction for multiple comparisons revealed 18 RSNs with altered functional connectivity, 6 of which had both spatial and signal amplitude changes. After adding the multiple comparison, y-concat correction to the analysis for including the 40 RSNs as well, we found that four RSNs showed still changes. These robust changes actually seem encompass parcellations of the default mode network and central executive networks. These networks both have spatially shifted connectivity and abnormal signal amplitudes. Interestingly the networks seem to mix their functional representations in areas like left caudate nucleus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. These changes overlapped with areas that have been related to dopaminergic alterations in patients with schizophrenia compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harri Littow
- Department of Radiology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland
| | - Ville Huossa
- Department of Radiology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland
| | - Sami Karjalainen
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland
| | - Erika Jääskeläinen
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland
| | - Marianne Haapea
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland
| | - Osmo Tervonen
- Department of Radiology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland
| | - Matti Isohanni
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland
| | - Juha Nikkinen
- Department of Oncology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland
| | - Juha Veijola
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland
| | - Graham Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - Vesa J Kiviniemi
- Department of Radiology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland
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21
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Buchanan A, Wang X, Gollan JK. Resting-state functional connectivity in women with Major Depressive Disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2014; 59:38-44. [PMID: 25277274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limited research has focused on whole-brain functional connectivity in a well-characterized sample of subjects with current Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). We aimed to investigate resting-state functional connectivity and the extent to which this is correlated with depression severity in unmedicated depressed subjects without comorbidities. METHODS We utilized Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to investigate whole-brain functional connectivity in a sample of healthy controls (n = 26) and unmedicated subjects diagnosed only with current MDD (n = 20). Correlations were calculated between network connectivity strength and depression severity. RESULTS Depressed subjects demonstrated significantly decreased connectivity in the right frontoparietal (p = 0.03), left frontoparietal (p = 0.01), and language (p = 0.02) networks compared to healthy control subjects. CONCLUSION We found abnormal resting-state functional connectivity not previously reported in MDD. Decreased connectivity in the frontoparietal and language networks may represent depression-related difficulties in attention, cognitive control, goal-directed cognition, and language. Findings from this study may further elucidate functional connectivity as a diagnostic marker of depression severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Buchanan
- Asher Center for the Study and Treatment of Depressive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St., Suite 1000, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, 737 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jackie K Gollan
- Asher Center for the Study and Treatment of Depressive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St., Suite 1000, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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22
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Korhonen V, Hiltunen T, Myllylä T, Wang X, Kantola J, Nikkinen J, Zang YF, LeVan P, Kiviniemi V. Synchronous multiscale neuroimaging environment for critically sampled physiological analysis of brain function: hepta-scan concept. Brain Connect 2014; 4:677-89. [PMID: 25131996 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2014.0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional connectivity of the resting-state networks of the brain is thought to be mediated by very-low-frequency fluctuations (VLFFs <0.1 Hz) in neuronal activity. However, vasomotor waves and cardiorespiratory pulsations influence indirect measures of brain function, such as the functional magnetic resonance imaging blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal. How strongly physiological oscillations correlate with spontaneous BOLD signals is not known, partially due to differences in the data-sampling rates of different methods. Recent ultrafast inverse imaging sequences, including magnetic resonance encephalography (MREG), enable critical sampling of these signals. In this study, we describe a multimodal concept, referred to as Hepta-scan, which incorporates synchronous MREG with scalp electroencephalography, near-infrared spectroscopy, noninvasive blood pressure, and anesthesia monitoring. Our preliminary results support the idea that, in the absence of aliased cardiorespiratory signals, VLFFs in the BOLD signal are affected by vasomotor and electrophysiological sources. Further, MREG signals showed a high correlation coefficient between the ventromedial default mode network (DMNvmpf) and electrophysiological signals, especially in the VLF range. Also, oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin and vasomotor waves were found to correlate with DMNvmpf. Intriguingly, usage of shorter time windows in these correlation measurements produced significantly (p<0.05) higher positive and negative correlation coefficients, suggesting temporal nonstationary behavior between the measurements. Focus on the VLF range strongly increased correlation strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesa Korhonen
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Institute of Diagnostics , Medical Research Center of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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23
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Weiler M, Teixeira CVL, Nogueira MH, de Campos BM, Damasceno BP, Cendes F, Balthazar MLF. Differences and the relationship in default mode network intrinsic activity and functional connectivity in mild Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Brain Connect 2014; 4:567-74. [PMID: 25026537 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2014.0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that the default mode network (DMN) functional connectivity is impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and few studies also reported a decrease in DMN intrinsic activity, measured by the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFFs). In this study, we analyzed the relationship between DMN intrinsic activity and functional connectivity, as well as their possible implications on cognition in patients with mild AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and healthy controls. In addition, we evaluated the differences both in connectivity and ALFF values between these groups. We recruited 29 controls, 20 aMCI, and 32 mild AD patients. To identify the DMN, functional connectivity was calculated by placing a seed in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Within the DMN mask obtained, we calculated regional average ALFFs. Compared with controls, aMCI patients showed decreased ALFFs in the temporal region; compared with AD, aMCI showed higher values in the PCC but lower in the temporal area. The mild AD group had lower ALFFs in the PCC compared with controls. There was no difference between the connectivity in the aMCI group compared with the other groups, but AD patients showed decreased connectivity in the frontal, parietal, and PCC. Also, PCC ALFFs correlated to functional connectivity in nearly all subregions. Cognitive tests correlated to connectivity values but not to ALFFs. In conclusion, we found that DMN connectivity and ALFFs are correlated in these groups. Decreased PCC ALFFs disrupt the DMN functional organization, leading to cognitive problems in the AD spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Weiler
- 1 Laboratory of Neuroimaging, University of Campinas , Campinas, Brazil
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24
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Huang Z, Wang Z, Zhang J, Dai R, Wu J, Li Y, Liang W, Mao Y, Yang Z, Holland G, Zhang J, Northoff G. Altered temporal variance and neural synchronization of spontaneous brain activity in anesthesia. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 35:5368-78. [PMID: 24867379 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies at the cellular and regional levels have pointed out the multifaceted importance of neural synchronization and temporal variance of neural activity. For example, neural synchronization and temporal variance has been shown by us to be altered in patients in the vegetative state (VS). This finding nonetheless leaves open the question of whether these abnormalities are specific to VS or rather more generally related to the absence of consciousness. The aim of our study was to investigate the changes of inter- and intra-regional neural synchronization and temporal variance of resting state activity in anesthetic-induced unconsciousness state. Applying an intra-subject design, we compared resting state activity in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) between awake versus anesthetized states in the same subjects. Replicating previous studies, we observed reduced functional connectivity within the default mode network (DMN) and thalamocortical network in the anesthetized state. Importantly, intra-regional synchronization as measured by regional homogeneity (ReHo) and temporal variance as measured by standard deviation (SD) of the BOLD signal were significantly reduced in especially the cortical midline regions, while increased in the lateral cortical areas in the anesthetized state. We further found significant frequency-dependent effects of SD in the thalamus, which showed abnormally high SD in Slow-5 (0.01-0.027 Hz) in the anesthetized state. Our results show for the first time of altered temporal variance of resting state activity in anesthesia. Combined with our findings in the vegetative state, these findings suggest a close relationship between temporal variance, neural synchronization and consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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25
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Tulppo MP, Jurvelin H, Roivainen E, Nissilä J, Hautala AJ, Kiviniemi AM, Kiviniemi VJ, Takala T. Effects of bright light treatment on psychomotor speed in athletes. Front Physiol 2014; 5:184. [PMID: 24860513 PMCID: PMC4026757 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: A recent study suggests that transcranial brain targeted light treatment via ear canals may have physiological effects on brain function studied by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques in humans. We tested the hypothesis that bright light treatment could improve psychomotor speed in professional ice hockey players. Methods: Psychomotor speed tests with audio and visual warning signals were administered to a Finnish National Ice Hockey League team before and after 24 days of transcranial bright light or sham treatment. The treatments were given during seasonal darkness in the Oulu region (latitude 65 degrees north) when the strain on the players was also very high (10 matches during 24 days). A daily 12-min dose of bright light or sham (n = 11 for both) treatment was given every morning between 8 and 12 am at home with a transcranial bright light device. Mean reaction time and motor time were analyzed separately for both psychomotor tests. Analysis of variance for repeated measures adjusted for age was performed. Results: Time × group interaction for motor time with a visual warning signal was p = 0.024 after adjustment for age. In Bonferroni post-hoc analysis, motor time with a visual warning signal decreased in the bright light treatment group from 127 ± 43 to 94 ± 26 ms (p = 0.024) but did not change significantly in the sham group 121 ± 23 vs. 110 ± 32 ms (p = 0.308). Reaction time with a visual signal did not change in either group. Reaction or motor time with an audio warning signal did not change in either the treatment or sham group. Conclusion: Psychomotor speed, particularly motor time with a visual warning signal, improves after transcranial bright light treatment in professional ice-hockey players during the competition season in the dark time of the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko P Tulppo
- Department of Exercise and Medical Physiology Verve, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heidi Jurvelin
- Department of General Practice, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu Oulu, Finland
| | - Eka Roivainen
- Department of Exercise and Medical Physiology Verve, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juuso Nissilä
- Department of Biology, University of Oulu Oulu, Finland
| | - Arto J Hautala
- Department of Exercise and Medical Physiology Verve, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Vesa J Kiviniemi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Oulu Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo Takala
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Oulu, Finland
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26
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Oldehinkel M, Francx W, Beckmann CF, Buitelaar JK, Mennes M. Resting state FMRI research in child psychiatric disorders. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2013; 22:757-70. [PMID: 24297675 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-013-0480-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Concurring with the shift from linking functions to specific brain areas towards studying network integration, resting state FMRI (R-FMRI) has become an important tool for delineating the functional network architecture of the brain. Fueled by straightforward data collection, R-FMRI analysis methods as well as studies reporting on R-FMRI have flourished, and already impact research on child- and adolescent psychiatric disorders. Here, we review R-FMRI analysis techniques and outline current methodological debates. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the main R-FMRI findings related to child- and adolescent psychiatric disorders. R-FMRI research has contributed significantly to our understanding of brain function in child and adolescent psychiatry: existing hypotheses based on task-based FMRI were confirmed and new insights into the brain's functional architecture of disorders were established. However, results were not always consistent. While resting state networks are robust and reproducible, neuroimaging research in psychiatric disorders is especially complicated by tremendous phenotypic heterogeneity. It is imperative that we overcome this heterogeneity when integrating neuroimaging into the diagnostic and treatment process. As R-FMRI allows investigating the richness of the human functional connectome and can be easily collected and aggregated into large-scale datasets, it is clear that R-FMRI can be a powerful tool in our quest to understand psychiatric pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Oldehinkel
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,
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27
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Functional connectivity in the developing brain: a longitudinal study from 4 to 9months of age. Neuroimage 2013; 84:169-80. [PMID: 23994454 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterize the development of intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) from 4 to 9months of age with resting state magnetic resonance imaging performed on sleeping infants without sedative medication. Data is analyzed with independent component analysis (ICA). Using both low (30 components) and high (100 components) ICA model order decompositions, we find that the functional network connectivity (FNC) map is largely similar at both 4 and 9months. However at 9months the connectivity strength decreases within local networks and increases between more distant networks. The connectivity within the default-mode network, which contains both local and more distant nodes, also increases in strength with age. The low frequency power spectrum increases with age only in the posterior cingulate cortex and posterior default mode network. These findings are consistent with a general developmental pattern of increasing longer distance functional connectivity over the first year of life and raise questions regarding the developmental importance of the posterior cingulate at this age.
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28
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Rytty R, Nikkinen J, Paavola L, Abou Elseoud A, Moilanen V, Visuri A, Tervonen O, Renton AE, Traynor BJ, Kiviniemi V, Remes AM. GroupICA dual regression analysis of resting state networks in a behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:461. [PMID: 23986673 PMCID: PMC3752460 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional MRI studies have revealed changes in default-mode and salience networks in neurodegenerative dementias, especially in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose of this study was to analyze the whole brain cortex resting state networks (RSNs) in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) by using resting state functional MRI (rfMRI). The group specific RSNs were identified by high model order independent component analysis (ICA) and a dual regression technique was used to detect between-group differences in the RSNs with p < 0.05 threshold corrected for multiple comparisons. A y-concatenation method was used to correct for multiple comparisons for multiple independent components, gray matter differences as well as the voxel level. We found increased connectivity in several networks within patients with bvFTD compared to the control group. The most prominent enhancement was seen in the right frontotemporal area and insula. A significant increase in functional connectivity was also detected in the left dorsal attention network (DAN), in anterior paracingulate—a default mode sub-network as well as in the anterior parts of the frontal pole. Notably the increased patterns of connectivity were seen in areas around atrophic regions. The present results demonstrate abnormal increased connectivity in several important brain networks including the DAN and default-mode network (DMN) in patients with bvFTD. These changes may be associated with decline in executive functions and attention as well as apathy, which are the major cognitive and neuropsychiatric defects in patients with frontotemporal dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Rytty
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu Oulu, Finland ; Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital Oulu, Finland
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29
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Di X, Kim EH, Huang CC, Tsai SJ, Lin CP, Biswal BB. The influence of the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations on resting-state functional connectivity. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:118. [PMID: 23565090 PMCID: PMC3613753 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of brain functional connectivity have provided a better understanding of organization and integration of large-scale brain networks. Functional connectivity using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is typically based upon the correlations of the low-frequency fluctuation of fMRI signals. Reproducible spatial maps in the brain have also been observed using the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) in resting-state. However, little is known about the influence of the ALFF on the functional connectivity measures. In the present study, we analyzed resting-state fMRI data on 79 healthy old individuals. Spatial independent component analysis and regions of interest (ROIs) based connectivity analysis were performed to obtain measures of functional connectivity. ALFF maps were also calculated. First, voxel-matched inter-subject correlations were computed between back-reconstructed IC and ALFF maps. For all the resting-state networks, there was a consistent correlation between ALFF variability and network strengths (within regions that had high IC strengths). Next, inter-subject variance of correlations across 160 functionally defined ROIs were correlated with the corresponding ALFF variance. The connectivity of several ROIs to other regions were more likely to correlate with its own regional ALFF. These regions were mainly located in the anterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, precuneus, insula, basal ganglia, and thalamus. These associations may suggest a functional significance of functional connectivity modulations. Alternatively, the fluctuation amplitudes may arise from physiological noises, and therefore, need to be controlled when studying resting-state functional connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Di
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark, NJ, USA
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