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Li Y, Wang H, Li X, Shu H, Wang S, Luo S, Li X, Yu Y. Resting-state functional MRI investigation of the effect of long-term alcohol exposure on the brain function in rhesus monkey. Neurosci Lett 2023; 813:137438. [PMID: 37579869 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was aimed to investigate the effect of long-term exposure of alcohol on the resting-state brain functions in rhesus monkey by using the 3.0 T resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS The animal models were developed by exposing six male rhesus monkeys to alcohol for different time points: P0 (non-exposed), P1 (1 month), P2 (3 months), P3 (6 months), and P4 (36 months). A multi-period rsfMRI scan was performed before and after exposure of animals to alcohol. The collected data were analyzed by the fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and the regional homogeneity (ReHo) method, and the different brain regions were compared for their respective functions through differences in the fALFF and ReHo values. RESULTS The results showed statistical significances in different brain regions. The left superior parietal lobule and the left fusiform gyrus showed statistically different fALFF values (p < 0.01). Similarly, the left medial orbital gyrus and the right postcentral gyrus showed statistically different ReHo values (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The long-term exposure of rhesus monkeys to alcohol mainly induced changes in four parts of the brain, including the left superior parietal lobule, left fusiform gyrus, left medial orbital gyrus, and the right postcentral gyrus. These changes in different brain parts, over the study period, with most significant changes found within 6 months of exposure of rhesus monkeys to alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Haibao Wang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoshu Li
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongmin Shu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Shilei Luo
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaohu Li
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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2
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Wang J, Shan Y, Dai J, Cui B, Shang K, Yang H, Chen Z, Shan B, Zhao G, Lu J. Altered coupling between resting-state glucose metabolism and functional activity in epilepsy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:1831-1842. [PMID: 32860354 PMCID: PMC7545617 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Altered functional activities and hypometabolism have been found in medial temporal lobe epilepsy patients with hippocampal sclerosis (mTLE-HS). Hybrid PET/MR scanners provide opportunities to explore the relationship between resting-state energy consumption and functional activities, but whether repeated seizures disturb the bioenergetic coupling and its relationship with seizure outcomes remain unknown. METHODS 18 F-FDG PET and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) scans were performed with hybrid PET/MR in 26 patients with mTLE-HS and in healthy controls. Energy consumption was quantified by 18 F-FDG standardized uptake value ratio(SUVR) relative to cerebellum. Spontaneous neural activities were estimated using regional homogeneity (ReHo), fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF) from rs-fMRI. Between-group differences in SUVR and rs-fMRI derived metrics were evaluated by two-sample t test. Voxel-wise spatial correlations were explored between SUVR and ReHo, fALFF across gray matter and compared between groups. Furthermore, the relationships between altered fALFF/SUVR and ReHo/SUVR coupling and surgical outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS Both the patients and healthy controls showed significant positive correlations between SUVR and rs-fMRI metrics. Spatial correlations between SUVR and fMRI-derived metrics across gray matter were significantly higher in patients with mTLE-HS compared with healthy controls (fALFF/SUVR, P < 0.001; ReHo/SUVR, P = 0.022). Higher fALFF/SUVR couplings were found in patients who had Engel class IA after surgery than all other (P = 0.025), while altered ReHo/SUVR couplings (P = 0.097) were not. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated altered bioenergetic coupling across gray matter and its relationship with seizure outcomes, which may provide novel insights into pathogenesis of mTLE-HS and potential biomarkers for epilepsy surgery planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjuan Wang
- Department of Nuclear MedicineXuanwu Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yi Shan
- Department of RadiologyXuanwu Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain InformaticsBeijingChina
| | - Jindong Dai
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Haidian Section of Peking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Functional NeurosurgeryXuanwu Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Bixiao Cui
- Department of Nuclear MedicineXuanwu Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Kun Shang
- Department of Nuclear MedicineXuanwu Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Department of Nuclear MedicineXuanwu Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | | | - Baoci Shan
- Division of Nuclear Technology and ApplicationsInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and EquipmentBeijingChina
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligent TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Guoguang Zhao
- Department of NeurosurgeryXuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Nuclear MedicineXuanwu Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of RadiologyXuanwu Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain InformaticsBeijingChina
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3
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Wilcox CE, Adinoff B, Clifford J, Ling J, Witkiewitz K, Mayer AR, Boggs KM, Eck M, Bogenschutz M. Brain activation and subjective anxiety during an anticipatory anxiety task is related to clinical outcome during prazosin treatment for alcohol use disorder. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 26:102162. [PMID: 32037283 PMCID: PMC7229347 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher levels of anxiety, negative affect, and impaired emotion regulation are associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and contribute to relapse and worse treatment outcomes. Prazosin, while typically used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other anxiety disorders, has shown promise for treating AUD. In order to better understand these underlying neural processes in individuals with AUD, our aims in this study were to measure brain activation during an anticipatory anxiety task before treatment to determine whether observed patterns supported previous work. We then aimed to measure the effects of prazosin on patients with AUD and explore whether greater baseline anticipatory anxiety (as measured by subjective and neural measures) predicts better treatment outcomes. METHODS Thirty-four individuals seeking treatment for AUD participated in a six-week placebo-controlled study of prazosin and underwent an anticipatory anxiety task during fMRI scans at baseline and three weeks. Alcohol use over six weeks was measured. RESULTS Greater levels of subjective anxiety and deactivation in posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) were observed during high-threat stimuli compared to low-threat stimuli. Compared to placebo, prazosin reduced subjective anxiety to high-threat stimuli but there were no observed significant effects of prazosin on brain activation during the task. However, AUD patients with greater vmPFC deactivation during high threat relative to low threat and patients with low baseline anticipatory anxiety during the task had worse clinical outcomes on prazosin. CONCLUSIONS Deactivation in PCC and vmPFC to high-threat stimuli replicated previous work and shows promise for further study as a marker for AUD. Although prazosin did not affect brain activation in the regions of interest during the anticipatory anxiety task, subjective levels of anxiety and brain activation in vmPFC predicted treatment outcomes in individuals with AUD undergoing treatment with prazosin, highlighting individuals more likely to benefit from prazosin than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Wilcox
- Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Bryon Adinoff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA; VA North Texas Health Care System, 4500 S Lancaster Rd, Dallas, TX 75216, USA; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, 13001 E 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joshua Clifford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, 2400 Tucker NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Josef Ling
- Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Katie Witkiewitz
- Department of Psychology, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse & Addictions, University of New Mexico, 2650 Yale Blvd. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Andrew R Mayer
- Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Kylar M Boggs
- Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Matthew Eck
- Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; University of Southern California, USA
| | - Michael Bogenschutz
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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4
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Yu Y, Yan LF, Sun Q, Hu B, Zhang J, Yang Y, Dai YJ, Cui WX, Xiu SJ, Hu YC, Heng CN, Liu QQ, Hou JF, Pan YY, Zhai LH, Han TH, Cui GB, Wang W. Neurovascular decoupling in type 2 diabetes mellitus without mild cognitive impairment: Potential biomarker for early cognitive impairment. Neuroimage 2019; 200:644-658. [PMID: 31252056 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant risk factor for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and the acceleration of MCI to dementia. The high glucose level induce disturbance of neurovascular (NV) coupling is suggested to be one potential mechanism, however, the neuroimaging evidence is still lacking. To assess the NV decoupling pattern in early diabetic status, 33 T2DM without MCI patients and 33 healthy control subjects were prospectively enrolled. Then, they underwent resting state functional MRI and arterial spin labeling imaging to explore the hub-based networks and to estimate the coupling of voxel-wise cerebral blood flow (CBF)-degree centrality (DC), CBF-mean amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (mALFF) and CBF- mean regional homogeneity (mReHo). We further evaluated the relationship between NV coupling pattern and cognitive performance (false discovery rate corrected). T2DM without MCI patients displayed significant decrease in the absolute CBF-mALFF, CBF-mReHo coupling of CBFnetwork and in the CBF-DC coupling of DCnetwork. Besides, networks which involved CBF and DC hubs mainly located in the default mode network (DMN). Furthermore, less severe disease and better cognitive performance in T2DM patients were significantly correlated with higher coupling of CBF-DC, CBF-mALFF or CBF-mReHo, especially for the cognitive dimensions of general function and executive function. Thus, coupling of CBF-DC, CBF-mALFF and CBF-mReHo may serve as promising indicators to reflect NV coupling state and to explain the T2DM related early cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lin-Feng Yan
- Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yu-Jie Dai
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), 15 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wu-Xun Cui
- Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Si-Jie Xiu
- Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yu-Chuan Hu
- Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chun-Ni Heng
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qing-Quan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jun-Feng Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yu-Yun Pan
- Student Brigade, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), 169 Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Liang-Hao Zhai
- Student Brigade, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), 169 Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Teng-Hui Han
- Student Brigade, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), 169 Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Guang-Bin Cui
- Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
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5
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Moningka H, Lichenstein S, Worhunsky PD, DeVito EE, Scheinost D, Yip SW. Can neuroimaging help combat the opioid epidemic? A systematic review of clinical and pharmacological challenge fMRI studies with recommendations for future research. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:259-273. [PMID: 30283002 PMCID: PMC6300537 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The current opioid epidemic is an urgent public health problem, with enormous individual, societal, and healthcare costs. Despite effective, evidence-based treatments, there is significant individual variability in treatment responses and relapse rates are high. In addition, the neurobiology of opioid-use disorder (OUD) and its treatment is not well understood. This review synthesizes published fMRI literature relevant to OUD, with an emphasis on findings related to opioid medications and treatment, and proposes areas for further research. We conducted a systematic literature review of Medline and Psychinfo to identify (i) fMRI studies comparing OUD and control participants; (ii) studies related to medication, treatment, abstinence or withdrawal effects in OUD; and (iii) studies involving manipulation of the opioid system in healthy individuals. Following application of exclusionary criteria (e.g., insufficient sample size), 45 studies were retained comprising data from ~1400 individuals. We found convergent evidence that individuals with OUD display widespread heightened neural activation to heroin cues. This pattern is potentiated by heroin, attenuated by medication-assisted treatments for opioids, predicts treatment response, and is reduced following extended abstinence. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of literature examining neural characteristics of OUD and its treatment. We discuss limitations of extant research and identify critical areas for future neuroimaging studies, including the urgent need for studies examining prescription opioid users, assessing sex differences and utilizing a wider range of clinically relevant task-based fMRI paradigms across different stages of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hestia Moningka
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Sarah Lichenstein
- Yale School of Medicine, Radiology and Bioimaging Sciences, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Patrick D Worhunsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Elise E DeVito
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Dustin Scheinost
- Yale School of Medicine, Radiology and Bioimaging Sciences, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Sarah W Yip
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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6
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Hafkemeijer A, Möller C, Dopper EGP, Jiskoot LC, van den Berg-Huysmans AA, van Swieten JC, van der Flier WM, Vrenken H, Pijnenburg YAL, Barkhof F, Scheltens P, van der Grond J, Rombouts SARB. A Longitudinal Study on Resting State Functional Connectivity in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 55:521-537. [PMID: 27662284 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD) and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) are the most common types of early-onset dementia. We applied longitudinal resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to delineate functional brain connections relevant for disease progression and diagnostic accuracy. METHODS We used two-center resting state fMRI data of 20 AD patients (65.1±8.0 years), 12 bvFTD patients (64.7±5.4 years), and 22 control subjects (63.8±5.0 years) at baseline and 1.8-year follow-up. We used whole-network and voxel-based network-to-region analyses to study group differences in functional connectivity at baseline and follow-up, and longitudinal changes in connectivity within and between groups. RESULTS At baseline, connectivity between paracingulate gyrus and executive control network, between cuneal cortex and medial visual network, and between paracingulate gyrus and salience network was higher in AD compared with controls. These differences were also present after 1.8 years. At follow-up, connectivity between angular gyrus and right frontoparietal network, and between paracingulate gyrus and default mode network was lower in bvFTD compared with controls, and lower compared with AD between anterior cingulate gyrus and executive control network, and between lateral occipital cortex and medial visual network. Over time, connectivity decreased in AD between precuneus and right frontoparietal network and in bvFTD between inferior frontal gyrus and left frontoparietal network. Longitudinal changes in connectivity between supramarginal gyrus and right frontoparietal network differ between both patient groups and controls. CONCLUSION We found disease-specific brain regions with longitudinal connectivity changes. This suggests the potential of longitudinal resting state fMRI to delineate regions relevant for disease progression and for diagnostic accuracy, although no group differences in longitudinal changes in the direct comparison of AD and bvFTD were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Hafkemeijer
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christiane Möller
- Alzheimer Center & Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elise G P Dopper
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Alzheimer Center & Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Alzheimer Center & Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lize C Jiskoot
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Alzheimer Center & Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neuropsychology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - John C van Swieten
- Alzheimer Center & Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center & Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo Vrenken
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Physics and Medical Technology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yolande A L Pijnenburg
- Alzheimer Center & Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center & Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van der Grond
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Serge A R B Rombouts
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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7
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Carmichael O, Schwarz AJ, Chatham CH, Scott D, Turner JA, Upadhyay J, Coimbra A, Goodman JA, Baumgartner R, English BA, Apolzan JW, Shankapal P, Hawkins KR. The role of fMRI in drug development. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:333-348. [PMID: 29154758 PMCID: PMC5931333 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been known for over a decade to have the potential to greatly enhance the process of developing novel therapeutic drugs for prevalent health conditions. However, the use of fMRI in drug development continues to be relatively limited because of a variety of technical, biological, and strategic barriers that continue to limit progress. Here, we briefly review the roles that fMRI can have in the drug development process and the requirements it must meet to be useful in this setting. We then provide an update on our current understanding of the strengths and limitations of fMRI as a tool for drug developers and recommend activities to enhance its utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Carmichael
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | | | - Christopher H Chatham
- Translational Medicine Neuroscience and Biomarkers, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jessica A Turner
- Psychology Department & Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Richard Baumgartner
- Biostatistics and Research Decision Sciences (BARDS), Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | | | - John W Apolzan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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8
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Li CX, Zhang X. Evaluation of prolonged administration of isoflurane on cerebral blood flow and default mode network in macaque monkeys anesthetized with different maintenance doses. Neurosci Lett 2018; 662:402-408. [PMID: 29055725 PMCID: PMC5722273 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Isoflurane is a commonly used volatile anesthetic agent in clinical anesthesia and biomedical research. Prior study suggested the cerebral blood flow (CBF) and default mode network (DMN) could be changed after prolonged administration of isoflurane. The normal maintenance doses of isoflurane may vary from light (∼0.75%) to deep (∼1.5 or 2%) anesthesia. However, it is not clear how the duration effects are affected by the altered doses. The present study is aimed to examine if the duration effects are affected when isoflurane concentration is altered within normal maintenance doses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult rhesus monkeys (n=5, 8-12 years old, 8-10kg) were anesthetized and maintained at isoflurane levels 0.89±0.03%, 1.05±0.12%, or 1.19±0.08%. CBF and DMN of monkeys were examined using arterial spin-labeling perfusion and resting state functional MRI techniques. RESULTS the functional connectivity (FC) in the dominant DMN (posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) to anterior cingulated cortex (ACC) or media prefrontal cortex (MPFC)) decreased substantially and similarly during 4-h administration of isoflurane at any given maintenance dosage. CBF changes varied with isoflurane dosage. At the low dose (∼0.89%), CBF decreased in most brain regions. In contrast, no obvious changes was seen in those regions (except for the subcortex) when higher doses of isoflurane were applied. CONCLUSION FC in DMN was reduced substantially during prolonged administration of isoflurane. The FC reduction was not varying significantly with maintenance doses of isoflurane but the duration effect on CBF was dose-dependent. Such duration effects of isoflurane administration on DMN and CBF should be considered in the interpretation of the outcome in related neuroimaging studies of anesthetized subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xia Li
- Yerkes Imaging Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Yerkes Imaging Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States; Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, United States.
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9
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Alcohol affects brain functional connectivity and its coupling with behavior: greater effects in male heavy drinkers. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1185-1195. [PMID: 27021821 PMCID: PMC5138152 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Acute and chronic alcohol exposure significantly affect behavior but the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here, we used functional connectivity density (FCD) mapping to study alcohol-related changes in resting brain activity and their association with behavior. Heavy drinkers (HD, N=16, 16 males) and normal controls (NM, N=24, 14 males) were tested after placebo and after acute alcohol administration. Group comparisons showed that NM had higher FCD in visual and prefrontal cortices, default mode network regions and thalamus, while HD had higher FCD in cerebellum. Acute alcohol significantly increased FCD within the thalamus, impaired cognitive and motor functions, and affected self-reports of mood/drug effects in both groups. Partial least squares regression showed that alcohol-induced changes in mood/drug effects were associated with changes in thalamic FCD in both groups. Disruptions in motor function were associated with increases in cerebellar FCD in NM and thalamus FCD in HD. Alcohol-induced declines in cognitive performance were associated with connectivity increases in visual cortex and thalamus in NM, but in HD, increases in precuneus FCD were associated with improved cognitive performance. Acute alcohol reduced 'neurocognitive coupling', the association between behavioral performance and FCD (indexing brain activity), an effect that was accentuated in HD compared with NM. Findings suggest that reduced cortical connectivity in HD contribute to decline in cognitive abilities associated with heavy alcohol consumption, whereas increased cerebellar connectivity in HD may have compensatory effects on behavioral performance. The results reveal how drinking history alters the association between brain FCD and individual differences in behavioral performance.
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10
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Song X, Qian S, Liu K, Zhou S, Zhu H, Zou Q, Liu Y, Sun G, Gao JH. Resting-state BOLD oscillation frequency predicts vigilance task performance at both normal and high environmental temperatures. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:4065-4077. [PMID: 28600679 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyperthermia may impair vigilance functions and lead to slower reaction times (RTs) in the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and possibly disturbing cerebral hemodynamic rhythms. To test these hypotheses, we acquired the resting-state BOLD and cerebral blood flow (CBF) data, as well as PVTRTs from 15 participants in two simulated environmental thermal conditions (50 °C/25 °C). We adopted a data-driven method, frequency component analysis, to quantify the mean frequency of the BOLD series of each voxel. Across-subject correlation analysis was employed to detect the brain areas whose BOLD oscillation frequency was correlated with the RTs. Significant changes of BOLD frequency and CBF within these areas were compared between hyperthermia and normothermia conditions. Spatial correlations between BOLD frequency and CBF were calculated within different brain areas for each subject under both thermal conditions. Results showed that, under both thermal conditions, the RTs correlated with the BOLD frequency positively in the default mode network (DMN) and negatively in the sensorimotor network (SMN). The increase of BOLD frequency in the thalamus and ventral medial prefrontal cortex was correlated with the increase of RTs in hyperthermia compared with normothermia. Hyperthermia decreased BOLD frequency and CBF in the SMN, while it increased CBF in the thalamus and posterior cingulate. In both thermal conditions, the spatial distribution of CBF negatively correlated with the spatial distribution of BOLD oscillation frequency in most cortical areas, especially in cingulate cortices, precuneus, and primary visual cortex. These results suggest that hyperthermia might deteriorate task performance by interfering with the resting-state CBF, and with BOLD rhythms. The overlapping of the thermoregulatory and vigilance functions in the SMN and DMN might underlie the neural mechanisms of the cognitive-behavioral impairments induced by hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shaowen Qian
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinan Military General Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinan Military General Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Shuqin Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huaiqiu Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qihong Zou
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Gang Sun
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinan Military General Hospital, Shandong, China.
| | - Jia-Hong Gao
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institution of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China.
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11
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Qiu M, Scheinost D, Ramani R, Constable RT. Multi-modal analysis of functional connectivity and cerebral blood flow reveals shared and unique effects of propofol in large-scale brain networks. Neuroimage 2017; 148:130-140. [PMID: 28069540 PMCID: PMC5410383 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Anesthesia-induced changes in functional connectivity and cerebral blow flow (CBF) in large-scale brain networks have emerged as key markers of reduced consciousness. However, studies of functional connectivity disagree on which large-scale networks are altered or preserved during anesthesia, making it difficult to find a consensus amount studies. Additionally, pharmacological alterations in CBF could amplify or occlude changes in connectivity due to the shared variance between CBF and connectivity. Here, we used data-driven connectivity methods and multi-modal imaging to investigate shared and unique neural correlates of reduced consciousness for connectivity in large-scale brain networks. Rs-fMRI and CBF data were collected from the same subjects during an awake and deep sedation condition induced by propofol. We measured whole-brain connectivity using the intrinsic connectivity distribution (ICD), a method not reliant on pre-defined seed regions, networks of interest, or connectivity thresholds. The shared and unique variance between connectivity and CBF were investigated. Finally, to account for shared variance, we present a novel extension to ICD that incorporates cerebral blood flow (CBF) as a scaling factor in the calculation of global connectivity, labeled CBF-adjusted ICD). We observed altered connectivity in multiple large-scale brain networks including the default mode (DMN), salience, visual, and motor networks and reduced CBF in the DMN, frontoparietal network, and thalamus. Regional connectivity and CBF were significantly correlated during both the awake and propofol condition. Nevertheless changes in connectivity and CBF between the awake and deep sedation condition were only significantly correlated in a subsystem of the DMN, suggesting that, while there is significant shared variance between the modalities, changes due to propofol are relatively unique. Similar, but less significant, results were observed in the CBF-adjusted ICD analysis, providing additional evidence that connectivity differences were not fully explained by CBF. In conclusion, these results provide further evidence of alterations in large-scale brain networks are associated with reduced consciousness and suggest that different modalities capture unique aspects of these large scale changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Qiu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Dustin Scheinost
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | - R Todd Constable
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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12
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Khalili-Mahani N, Rombouts SARB, van Osch MJP, Duff EP, Carbonell F, Nickerson LD, Becerra L, Dahan A, Evans AC, Soucy JP, Wise R, Zijdenbos AP, van Gerven JM. Biomarkers, designs, and interpretations of resting-state fMRI in translational pharmacological research: A review of state-of-the-Art, challenges, and opportunities for studying brain chemistry. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:2276-2325. [PMID: 28145075 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A decade of research and development in resting-state functional MRI (RSfMRI) has opened new translational and clinical research frontiers. This review aims to bridge between technical and clinical researchers who seek reliable neuroimaging biomarkers for studying drug interactions with the brain. About 85 pharma-RSfMRI studies using BOLD signal (75% of all) or arterial spin labeling (ASL) were surveyed to investigate the acute effects of psychoactive drugs. Experimental designs and objectives include drug fingerprinting dose-response evaluation, biomarker validation and calibration, and translational studies. Common biomarkers in these studies include functional connectivity, graph metrics, cerebral blood flow and the amplitude and spectrum of BOLD fluctuations. Overall, RSfMRI-derived biomarkers seem to be sensitive to spatiotemporal dynamics of drug interactions with the brain. However, drugs cause both central and peripheral effects, thus exacerbate difficulties related to biological confounds, structured noise from motion and physiological confounds, as well as modeling and inference testing. Currently, these issues are not well explored, and heterogeneities in experimental design, data acquisition and preprocessing make comparative or meta-analysis of existing reports impossible. A unifying collaborative framework for data-sharing and data-mining is thus necessary for investigating the commonalities and differences in biomarker sensitivity and specificity, and establishing guidelines. Multimodal datasets including sham-placebo or active control sessions and repeated measurements of various psychometric, physiological, metabolic and neuroimaging phenotypes are essential for pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling and interpretation of the findings. We provide a list of basic minimum and advanced options that can be considered in design and analyses of future pharma-RSfMRI studies. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2276-2325, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Khalili-Mahani
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Serge A R B Rombouts
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Institute of Psychology and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Eugene P Duff
- Institute of Psychology and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lisa D Nickerson
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lino Becerra
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Harvard Medical School & Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Albert Dahan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alan C Evans
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Soucy
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Richard Wise
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alex P Zijdenbos
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Biospective Inc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joop M van Gerven
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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13
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Klaassens BL, Rombouts SARB, Winkler AM, van Gorsel HC, van der Grond J, van Gerven JMA. Time related effects on functional brain connectivity after serotonergic and cholinergic neuromodulation. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 38:308-325. [PMID: 27622387 PMCID: PMC5215384 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychopharmacological research, if properly designed, may offer insight into both timing and area of effect, increasing our understanding of the brain's neurotransmitter systems. For that purpose, the acute influence of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram (30 mg) and the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galantamine (8 mg) was repeatedly measured in 12 healthy young volunteers with resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS‐fMRI). Eighteen RS‐fMRI scans were acquired per subject during this randomized, double blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study. Within‐group comparisons of voxelwise functional connectivity with 10 functional networks were examined (P < 0.05, FWE‐corrected) using a non‐parametric multivariate approach with cerebrospinal fluid, white matter, heart rate, and baseline measurements as covariates. Although both compounds did not change cognitive performance on several tests, significant effects were found on connectivity with multiple resting state networks. Serotonergic stimulation primarily reduced connectivity with the sensorimotor network and structures that are related to self‐referential mechanisms, whereas galantamine affected networks and regions that are more involved in learning, memory, and visual perception and processing. These results are consistent with the serotonergic and cholinergic trajectories and their functional relevance. In addition, this study demonstrates the power of using repeated measures after drug administration, which offers the chance to explore both combined and time specific effects. Hum Brain Mapp 38:308–325, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadet L Klaassens
- Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden University, Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Serge A R B Rombouts
- Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden University, Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anderson M Winkler
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Helene C van Gorsel
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden University, Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van der Grond
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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14
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Influence of Vascular Variant of the Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) on Cerebral Blood Flow, Vascular Response to CO2 and Static Functional Connectivity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161121. [PMID: 27532633 PMCID: PMC4988665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The fetal origin of the posterior cerebral artery (fPCA) is a frequent vascular variant in 11–29% of the population. For the fPCA, blood flow in the PCA originates from the anterior instead of the posterior circulation. We tested whether this blood supply variant impacts the cerebral blood flow assessed by arterial spin labeling (ASL), cerebrovascular reserve as well as resting-state static functional connectivity (sFC) in the sense of a systematic confound. Methods The study included 385 healthy, elderly subjects (mean age: 74.18 years [range: 68.9–90.4]; 243 female). Participants were classified into normal vascular supply (n = 296, 76.88%), right fetal origin (n = 23, 5.97%), left fetal origin (n = 16, 4.16%), bilateral fetal origin (n = 4, 1.04%), and intermediate (n = 46, 11.95%, excluded from further analysis) groups. ASL-derived relative cerebral blood flow (relCBF) maps and cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) maps derived from a CO2 challenge with blocks of 7% CO2 were compared. Additionally, sFC between 90 regions of interest (ROIs) was compared between the groups. Results CVR was significantly reduced in subjects with ipsilateral fPCA, most prominently in the temporal lobe. ASL yielded a non-significant trend towards reduced relCBF in bilateral posterior watershed areas. In contrast, conventional atlas-based sFC did not differ between groups. Conclusions In conclusion, fPCA presence may bias the assessment of cerebrovascular reserve by reducing the response to CO2. In contrast, its effect on ASL-assessed baseline perfusion was marginal. Moreover, fPCA presence did not systematically impact resting-state sFC. Taken together, this data implies that perfusion variables should take into account the vascularization patterns.
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15
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Bisdas S, Charyasz-Leks E, Roder C, Tatagiba MS, Ernemann U, Klose U. Evidence of Resting-state Activity in Propofol-anesthetized Patients with Intracranial Tumors. Acad Radiol 2016; 23:192-9. [PMID: 26625707 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Resting-state (RS) networks, revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in healthy volunteers, have never been evaluated in anesthetized patients with brain tumors. Our purpose was to examine the presence of residual brain activity on the auditory network during propofol-induced loss of consciousness in patients with brain tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty subjects with intracranial masses were prospectively studied by means of intraoperative RS-fMRI acquisitions before any craniectomy. After performing single-subject independent component analysis, spatial maps and time courses were assigned to an auditory RS network template from the literature and compared via spatial regression coefficients. RESULTS All fMRI data were of sufficient quality for further postprocessing. In all but two patients, the RS functional activity of the auditory network could be successfully mapped. In almost all patients, contralateral activation of the auditory network was present. No significant difference was found between the mean distance of the RS activity clusters and the lesion periphery for tumors located in the temporal gyri vs. those in other brain regions. The spatial deviation between the activated cluster in our experiment and the template was significantly (P = 0.04) higher in patients with tumors located in the temporal gyri than in patients with tumors located in other regions. CONCLUSIONS Propofol-induced anesthesia in patients with intracranial lesions does not alter the blood-oxygenation level-depended signal, and independent component analysis of intraoperative RS-fMRI may allow assessment of the auditory network in a clinical setting.
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16
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Abstract
Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is an increasingly established magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that is finding broader applications in studying the healthy and diseased brain. This review addresses the use of ASL to assess brain function in the resting state. Following a brief technical description, we discuss the use of ASL in the following main categories: (1) resting-state functional connectivity (FC) measurement: the use of ASL-based cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements as an alternative to the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) technique to assess resting-state FC; (2) the link between network CBF and FC measurements: the use of network CBF as a surrogate of the metabolic activity within corresponding networks; and (3) the study of resting-state dynamic CBF-BOLD coupling and cerebral metabolism: the use of dynamic CBF information obtained using ASL to assess dynamic CBF-BOLD coupling and oxidative metabolism in the resting state. In addition, we summarize some future challenges and interesting research directions for ASL, including slice-accelerated (multiband) imaging as well as the effects of motion and other physiological confounds on perfusion-based FC measurement. In summary, this work reviews the state-of-the-art of ASL and establishes it as an increasingly viable MRI technique with high translational value in studying resting-state brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Jean Chen
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kay Jann
- Laboratory of Functional MRI Technology, Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Danny J.J. Wang
- Laboratory of Functional MRI Technology, Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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17
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Hafkemeijer A, Möller C, Dopper EGP, Jiskoot LC, Schouten TM, van Swieten JC, van der Flier WM, Vrenken H, Pijnenburg YAL, Barkhof F, Scheltens P, van der Grond J, Rombouts SARB. Resting state functional connectivity differences between behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:474. [PMID: 26441584 PMCID: PMC4561903 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) are the most common types of early-onset dementia. Early differentiation between both types of dementia may be challenging due to heterogeneity and overlap of symptoms. Here, we apply resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study functional brain connectivity differences between AD and bvFTD. METHODS We used resting state fMRI data of 31 AD patients, 25 bvFTD patients, and 29 controls from two centers specialized in dementia. We studied functional connectivity throughout the entire brain, applying two different analysis techniques, studying network-to-region and region-to-region connectivity. A general linear model approach was used to study group differences, while controlling for physiological noise, age, gender, study center, and regional gray matter volume. RESULTS Given gray matter differences, we observed decreased network-to-region connectivity in bvFTD between (a) lateral visual cortical network and lateral occipital and cuneal cortex, and (b) auditory system network and angular gyrus. In AD, we found decreased network-to-region connectivity between the dorsal visual stream network and lateral occipital and parietal opercular cortex. Region-to-region connectivity was decreased in bvFTD between superior temporal gyrus and cuneal, supracalcarine, intracalcarine cortex, and lingual gyrus. CONCLUSION We showed that the pathophysiology of functional brain connectivity is different between AD and bvFTD. Our findings support the hypothesis that resting state fMRI shows disease-specific functional connectivity differences and is useful to elucidate the pathophysiology of AD and bvFTD. However, the group differences in functional connectivity are less abundant than has been shown in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Hafkemeijer
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Institute of Psychology, Leiden UniversityLeiden, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden UniversityLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Christiane Möller
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, VU University Medical CenterAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elise G. P. Dopper
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, VU University Medical CenterAmsterdam, Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical CenterRotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lize C. Jiskoot
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical CenterRotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Neuropsychology, Erasmus Medical CenterRotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tijn M. Schouten
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Institute of Psychology, Leiden UniversityLeiden, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden UniversityLeiden, Netherlands
| | - John C. van Swieten
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical CenterRotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical CenterAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M. van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, VU University Medical CenterAmsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical CenterAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hugo Vrenken
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical CenterAmsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Physics and Medical Technology, VU University Medical CenterAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yolande A. L. Pijnenburg
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, VU University Medical CenterAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical CenterAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, VU University Medical CenterAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Serge A. R. B. Rombouts
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Institute of Psychology, Leiden UniversityLeiden, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden UniversityLeiden, Netherlands
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18
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Tchistiakova E, Crane DE, Mikulis DJ, Anderson ND, Greenwood CE, Black SE, MacIntosh BJ. Vascular risk factor burden correlates with cerebrovascular reactivity but not resting state coactivation in the default mode network. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 42:1369-76. [PMID: 25884110 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are prevalent among older adults and are often associated with cognitive decline and increased risk of stroke and dementia. Vascular risk factors (VRFs) are linked to WMH, yet the impact of multiple VRFs on gray matter function is still unclear. The goal of this study was to test for associations between the number of VRFs and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and resting state (RS) coactivation among individuals with WMH. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-nine participants with suspected WMH were grouped based on the number of VRFs (subgroups: 0, 1, or ≥2). CVR and RS coactivation were measured with blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) imaging on a 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system during hypercapnia and rest, respectively. Default-mode (DMN), sensory-motor, and medial-visual networks, generated using independent component analysis of RS-BOLD, were selected as networks of interest (NOIs). CVR-BOLD was analyzed using two methods: 1) a model-based approach using CO2 traces, and 2) a dual-regression (DR) approach using NOIs as spatial inputs. Average CVR and RS coactivations within NOIs were compared between VRF subgroups. A secondary analysis investigated the correlation between CVR and RS coactivation. RESULTS VRF subgroup differences were detected using DR-based CVR in the DMN (F20,2 = 5.17, P = 0.015) but not the model-based CVR nor RS coactivation. DR-based CVR was correlated with RS coactivation in the DMN (r(2) = 0.28, P = 0.006) but not the sensory-motor nor medial-visual NOIs. CONCLUSION In individuals with WMH, CVR in the DMN was inversely associated with the number of VRFs and correlated with RS coactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Tchistiakova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Brain Sciences Research Program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David E Crane
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Brain Sciences Research Program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J Mikulis
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole D Anderson
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Psychiatry), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carol E Greenwood
- Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra E Black
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Brain Sciences Research Program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Neurology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Brain Sciences Research Program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Ramage AE, Lin AL, Olvera RL, Fox PT, Williamson DE. Resting-state regional cerebral blood flow during adolescence: associations with initiation of substance use and prediction of future use disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 149:40-8. [PMID: 25682478 PMCID: PMC4361292 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a period of developmental flux when brain systems are vulnerable to influences of early substance use, which in turn relays increased risk for substance use disorders. Our study intent was to assess adolescent regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) as it relates to current and future alcohol use. The aim was to identify brain-based predictors for initiation of alcohol use and onset of future substance use disorders. METHODS Quantitative rCBF was assessed in 100 adolescents (age 12-15). Prospective behavioral assessments were conducted annually over a three-year follow-up period to characterize onset of alcohol initiation, future drinking patterns and use disorders. Comparisons amongst use groups (i.e., current-, future-, and non-alcohol using adolescents) identified rCBF associated with initiation of alcohol use. Regression by future drinking patterns identified rCBF predictive of heavier drinking. Survival analysis determined whether or not baseline rCBF predicted later development of use disorders. RESULTS Baseline rCBF was decreased to the parietal cortex and increased to mesolimbic regions in adolescents currently using alcohol as well as those who would use alcohol in the future. Higher baseline rCBF to the left fusiform gyrus and lower rCBF to the right inferior parietal cortex and left cerebellum was associated with future drinking patterns as well as predicted the onset of alcohol and substance use disorders in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS Variations in resting rCBF to regions within reward and default mode or control networks appear to represent trait markers of alcohol use initiation and are predictive of future development of use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Ramage
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio,Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - Ai-Ling Lin
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio,Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio,Cellular & Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - Rene L. Olvera
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio,Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - Peter T. Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio,Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio,Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - Douglas E. Williamson
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio,Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio,Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
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20
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Khalili-Mahani N, Niesters M, van Osch MJ, Oitzl M, Veer I, de Rooij M, van Gerven J, van Buchem MA, Beckmann CF, Rombouts SARB, Dahan A. Ketamine interactions with biomarkers of stress: a randomized placebo-controlled repeated measures resting-state fMRI and PCASL pilot study in healthy men. Neuroimage 2014; 108:396-409. [PMID: 25554429 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, is increasingly used to study the link between glutamatergic signaling dysregulation and mood and chronic pain disorders. Glutamatergic neurotransmission and stress corticosteroids (cortisol in human) are critical for Ca(2+) mediated neuroplasticity and behavioral adaptation. The mechanisms of action of glutamatergic neurotransmission and stress corticosteroids on the NMDA-receptors of the hippocampus have been long investigated in animals, but given little attention in human studies. In this randomized single-blinded placebo-controlled crossover study (12 healthy young men), five sets of resting-state fMRI (RSFMRI), pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL), and corresponding salivary cortisol samples were acquired over 4h, at given intervals under pharmacokinetically-controlled infusion of subanesthetic ketamine (20 & 40mg/70kg/h). An identical procedure was repeated under a sham placebo condition. Differences in the profile of ketamine versus placebo effect over time were examined. Compared to placebo, ketamine mimicked a stress-like response (increased cortisol, reduced calmness and alertness, and impaired working memory). Ketamine effects on the brain included a transient prefrontal hyperperfusion and a dose-related reduction of relative hippocampal perfusion, plus emerging hyperconnectivity between the hippocampus and the occipital, cingulate, precuneal, cerebellar and basal ganglia regions. The spatiotemporal profiles of ketamine effects on different hippocampal subnetworks suggest a topographically dissociable change in corticohippocampal functional connectivity. We discuss our findings in the context of the negative feedback inhibition theory of the hippocampal stress-control. This pilot study provides a methodological framework for multimodal functional neuroimaging under resting-state conditions, which may be generalized for translational studies of glutamatergic- or stress-related etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Khalili-Mahani
- Department of Anesthesiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Marieke Niesters
- Department of Anesthesiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias J van Osch
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Melly Oitzl
- SILS-CNS, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilya Veer
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark de Rooij
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joop van Gerven
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A van Buchem
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christian F Beckmann
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Serge A R B Rombouts
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Dahan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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21
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Vidal-Piñeiro D, Valls-Pedret C, Fernández-Cabello S, Arenaza-Urquijo EM, Sala-Llonch R, Solana E, Bargalló N, Junqué C, Ros E, Bartrés-Faz D. Decreased Default Mode Network connectivity correlates with age-associated structural and cognitive changes. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:256. [PMID: 25309433 PMCID: PMC4174767 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing entails cognitive and motor decline as well as brain changes such as loss of gray (GM) and white matter (WM) integrity, neurovascular and functional connectivity alterations. Regarding connectivity, reduced resting-state fMRI connectivity between anterior and posterior nodes of the Default Mode Network (DMN) relates to cognitive function and has been postulated to be a hallmark of ageing. However, the relationship between age-related connectivity changes and other neuroimaging-based measures in ageing is fragmentarily investigated. In a sample of 116 healthy elders we aimed to study the relationship between antero-posterior DMN connectivity and measures of WM integrity, GM integrity and cerebral blood flow (CBF), assessed with an arterial spin labeling sequence. First, we replicated previous findings demonstrating DMN connectivity decreases in ageing and an association between antero-posterior DMN connectivity and memory scores. The results showed that the functional connectivity between posterior midline structures and the medial prefrontal cortex was related to measures of WM and GM integrity but not to CBF. Gray and WM correlates of anterio-posterior DMN connectivity included, but were not limited to, DMN areas and cingulum bundle. These results resembled patterns of age-related vulnerability which was studied by comparing the correlates of antero-posterior DMN with age-effect maps. These age-effect maps were obtained after performing an independent analysis with a second sample including both young and old subjects. We argue that antero-posterior connectivity might be a sensitive measure of brain ageing over the brain. By using a comprehensive approach, the results provide valuable knowledge that may shed further light on DMN connectivity dysfunctions in ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didac Vidal-Piñeiro
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologica Clinica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cinta Valls-Pedret
- Unitat de Lípids, Servei Endicronologia i Nutrició, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Fernández-Cabello
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologica Clinica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eider M Arenaza-Urquijo
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologica Clinica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain ; Laboratoire de neuropsychologie, INSERM U1077 Caen, France
| | - Roser Sala-Llonch
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologica Clinica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain ; Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Solana
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologica Clinica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Bargalló
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona, Spain ; Servei de Radiologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Junqué
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologica Clinica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain ; Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Unitat de Lípids, Servei Endicronologia i Nutrició, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologica Clinica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain ; Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona, Spain
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Circadian and homeostatic modulation of functional connectivity and regional cerebral blood flow in humans under normal entrained conditions. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2014; 34:1493-9. [PMID: 24938404 PMCID: PMC4158665 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Diurnal rhythms have been observed in human behaviors as diverse as sleep, olfaction, and learning. Despite its potential impact, time of day is rarely considered when brain responses are studied by neuroimaging techniques. To address this issue, we explicitly examined the effects of circadian and homeostatic regulation on functional connectivity (FC) and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in healthy human volunteers, using whole-brain resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and arterial spin labeling (ASL). In common with many circadian studies, we collected salivary cortisol to represent the normal circadian activity and functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Intriguingly, the changes in FC and rCBF we observed indicated fundamental decreases in the functional integration of the default mode network (DMN) moving from morning to afternoon. Within the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), our results indicate that morning cortisol levels are negatively correlated with rCBF. We hypothesize that the homeostatic mechanisms of the HPA axis has a role in modulating the functional integrity of the DMN (specifically, the ACC), and for the purposes of using fMRI as a tool to measure changes in disease processes or in response to treatment, we demonstrate that time of the day is important when interpreting resting-state data.
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