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Castillo-Escamilla J, Ruffo I, Carrasco-Poyatos M, Granero-Gallegos A, Cimadevilla JM. Heart rate variability modulates memory function in a virtual task. Physiol Behav 2024; 283:114620. [PMID: 38925434 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) is considered one of the most relevant indicators of physical well-being and relevant biomarker for preventing cardiovascular risks. More recently, a growing amount of research has tracked an association between HRV and cognitive functions (i.e., attention). Research is still scarce on spatial orientation, a basic capability in our daily lives. It is also an important indicator of memory performance, and its malfunctioning working as an early sign of dementia. In this study, a total of 43 female students (M Age = 18.76; SD = 2.02) were measured in their lnRMSSD using the photoplethysmography technique with the Welltory smartphone app. They were also tested in their spatial memory with The Boxes Room, a virtual navigation test. Measures of physical activity were obtained with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Correlation analyses and repeated measures ANOVA were performed, comparing participants with high / low lnRMSSD in their spatial performance. Results showed that, at an equal level of physical activity, participants with a higher lnRMSSD were more effective in the early trials of The Boxes Room, being more precise in estimating the correct position of the stimuli. Moreover, a subsequent simple linear regression showed that a higher lnRMSSD was related to a smaller number of errors at the beginning of the spatial task. Overly, these results outline the relationship between HRV and navigation performance in early stages of processing, where the environment is still unknown and the situation is more demanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Castillo-Escamilla
- Department of Psychology, University of Almeria, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120. Almeria, Andalucia, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Salud (Health Research Center), CEINSA-UAL, University of Almeria, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Andalucia, Spain
| | - Irene Ruffo
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - María Carrasco-Poyatos
- Department of Education, University of Almeria, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Andalucia, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Salud (Health Research Center), CEINSA-UAL, University of Almeria, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Andalucia, Spain
| | - Antonio Granero-Gallegos
- Department of Education, University of Almeria, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Andalucia, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Salud (Health Research Center), CEINSA-UAL, University of Almeria, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Andalucia, Spain
| | - José Manuel Cimadevilla
- Department of Psychology, University of Almeria, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120. Almeria, Andalucia, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Salud (Health Research Center), CEINSA-UAL, University of Almeria, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Andalucia, Spain.
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2
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Brilliant, Yaar-Soffer Y, Herrmann CS, Henkin Y, Kral A. Theta and alpha oscillatory signatures of auditory sensory and cognitive loads during complex listening. Neuroimage 2024; 289:120546. [PMID: 38387743 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The neuronal signatures of sensory and cognitive load provide access to brain activities related to complex listening situations. Sensory and cognitive loads are typically reflected in measures like response time (RT) and event-related potentials (ERPs) components. It's, however, strenuous to distinguish the underlying brain processes solely from these measures. In this study, along with RT- and ERP-analysis, we performed time-frequency analysis and source localization of oscillatory activity in participants performing two different auditory tasks with varying degrees of complexity and related them to sensory and cognitive load. We studied neuronal oscillatory activity in both periods before the behavioral response (pre-response) and after it (post-response). Robust oscillatory activities were found in both periods and were differentially affected by sensory and cognitive load. Oscillatory activity under sensory load was characterized by decrease in pre-response (early) theta activity and increased alpha activity. Oscillatory activity under cognitive load was characterized by increased theta activity, mainly in post-response (late) time. Furthermore, source localization revealed specific brain regions responsible for processing these loads, such as temporal and frontal lobe, cingulate cortex and precuneus. The results provide evidence that in complex listening situations, the brain processes sensory and cognitive loads differently. These neural processes have specific oscillatory signatures and are long lasting, extending beyond the behavioral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brilliant
- Department of Experimental Otology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Y Yaar-Soffer
- Department of Communication Disorder, Tel Aviv University, 5262657 Tel Aviv, Israel; Hearing, Speech and Language Center, Sheba Medical Center, 5265601 Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - C S Herrmann
- Experimental Psychology Division, University of Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Y Henkin
- Department of Communication Disorder, Tel Aviv University, 5262657 Tel Aviv, Israel; Hearing, Speech and Language Center, Sheba Medical Center, 5265601 Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - A Kral
- Department of Experimental Otology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Barber N, Valoumas I, Leger KR, Chang YL, Huang CM, Goh JOS, Gutchess A. Culture, prefrontal volume, and memory. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298235. [PMID: 38551909 PMCID: PMC10980194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Prior cross-cultural studies have demonstrated differences among Eastern and Western cultures in memory and cognition along with variation in neuroanatomy and functional engagement. We further probed cultural neuroanatomical variability in terms of its relationship with memory performance. Specifically, we investigated how memory performance related to gray matter volume in several prefrontal lobe structures, including across cultures. For 58 American and 57 Taiwanese young adults, memory performance was measured with the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) using performance on learning trial 1, on which Americans had higher scores than the Taiwanese, and the long delayed free recall task, on which groups performed similarly. MRI data were reconstructed using FreeSurfer. Across both cultures, we observed that larger volumes of the bilateral rostral anterior cingulate were associated with lower scores on both CVLT tasks. In terms of effects of culture, the relationship between learning trial 1 scores and gray matter volumes in the right superior frontal gyrus had a trend for a positive relationship in Taiwanese but not in Americans. In addition to the a priori analysis of select frontal volumes, an exploratory whole-brain analysis compared volumes-without considering CVLT performance-across the two cultural groups in order to assess convergence with prior research. Several cultural differences were found, such that Americans had larger volumes in the bilateral superior frontal and lateral occipital cortex, whereas Taiwanese had larger volumes in the bilateral rostral middle frontal and inferior temporal cortex, and the right precuneus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette Barber
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States of America
| | - Ioannis Valoumas
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States of America
| | - Krystal R. Leger
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States of America
| | - Yu-Ling Chang
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Robotics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States of America
| | - Chih-Mao Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Joshua Oon Soo Goh
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Robotics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Angela Gutchess
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States of America
- Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States of America
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Bordoni B, Escher AR. Motor Dysfunctions in Fibromyalgia Patients: The Importance of Breathing. Open Access Rheumatol 2024; 16:55-66. [PMID: 38476512 PMCID: PMC10929242 DOI: 10.2147/oarrr.s442327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The classification of fibromyalgia (FM) is not always immediate and simple, with the time from the first diagnosis, compared to the onset of symptoms, of a few years. Currently, we do not have instrumental or biochemical tests considered as gold standards; the clinician will make a diagnosis of FM based on the patient's medical history and subjective assessment. The symptoms can involve physical, cognitive and psychological disorders, with the presence of pain of different origins and classifications: nociplastic, nociceptive and neuropathic pain. Among the symptoms highlighted, postural disorders and neuromotor uncoordination emerge, whose functional dysfunctions can increase the mortality and morbidity rate. An alteration of the diaphragm muscle could generate such functional motor problems. Considering that the current literature underestimates the importance of breathing in FM, the article aims to highlight the relationship between motor and diaphragmatic difficulties in the patient, soliciting new points of view for the clinical and therapeutic framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bordoni
- Dipartimento di Cardiologia, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi IRCCS, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura, S Maria Nascente, Milano, 20100, Italia
| | - Allan R Escher
- Anesthesiology/Pain Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
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Yordanova J, Falkenstein M, Kolev V. Motor oscillations reveal new correlates of error processing in the human brain. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5624. [PMID: 38454108 PMCID: PMC10920772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56223-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that during motor responses, the activation of the motor cortical regions emerges in close association with the activation of the medial frontal cortex implicated with performance monitoring and cognitive control. The present study explored the oscillatory neurodynamics of response-related potentials during correct and error responses to test the hypothesis that such continuous communication would modify the characteristics of motor potentials during performance errors. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded at 64 electrodes in a four-choice reaction task and response-related potentials (RRPs) of correct and error responses were analysed. Oscillatory RRP components at extended motor areas were analysed in the theta (3.5-7 Hz) and delta (1-3 Hz) frequency bands with respect to power, temporal synchronization (phase-locking factor, PLF), and spatial synchronization (phase-locking value, PLV). Major results demonstrated that motor oscillations differed between correct and error responses. Error-related changes (1) were frequency-specific, engaging delta and theta frequency bands, (2) emerged already before response production, and (3) had specific regional topographies at posterior sensorimotor and anterior (premotor and medial frontal) areas. Specifically, the connectedness of motor and sensorimotor areas contra-lateral to the response supported by delta networks was substantially reduced during errors. Also, there was an error-related suppression of the phase stability of delta and theta oscillations at these areas. This synchronization reduction was accompanied by increased temporal synchronization of motor theta oscillations at bi-lateral premotor regions and by two distinctive error-related effects at medial frontal regions: (1) a focused fronto-central enhancement of theta power and (2) a separable enhancement of the temporal synchronization of delta oscillations with a localized medial frontal focus. Together, these observations indicate that the electrophysiological signatures of performance errors are not limited to the medial frontal signals, but they also involve the dynamics of oscillatory motor networks at extended cortical regions generating the movement. Also, they provide a more detailed picture of the medial frontal processes activated in relation to error processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Yordanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | | | - Vasil Kolev
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Yordanova J, Falkenstein M, Kolev V. Aging alters functional connectivity of motor theta networks during sensorimotor reactions. Clin Neurophysiol 2024; 158:137-148. [PMID: 38219403 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.12.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Both cognitive and primary motor networks alter with advancing age in humans. The networks activated in response to external environmental stimuli supported by theta oscillations remain less well explored. The present study aimed to characterize the effects of aging on the functional connectivity of response-related theta networks during sensorimotor tasks. METHODS Electroencephalographic signals were recorded in young and middle-to-older age adults during three tasks performed in two modalities, auditory and visual: a simple reaction task, a Go-NoGo task, and a choice-reaction task. Response-related theta oscillations were computed. The phase-locking value (PLV) was used to analyze the spatial synchronization of primary motor and motor control theta networks. RESULTS Performance was overall preserved in older adults. Independently of the task, aging was associated with reorganized connectivity of the contra-lateral primary motor cortex. In younger adults, it was synchronized with motor control regions (intra-hemispheric premotor/frontal and medial frontal). In older adults, it was only synchronized with intra-hemispheric sensorimotor regions. CONCLUSIONS Motor theta networks of older adults manifest a functional decoupling between the response-generating motor cortex and motor control regions, which was not modulated by task variables. The overall preserved performance in older adults suggests that the increased connectivity within the sensorimotor network is associated with an excessive reliance on sensorimotor feedback during movement execution compensating for a deficient cognitive regulation of motor regions during sensorimotor reactions. SIGNIFICANCE New evidence is provided for the reorganization of motor networks during sensorimotor reactions already at the transition from middle to old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Yordanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | | | - Vasil Kolev
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Catanzaro MJ, Rizzo S, Kopchick J, Chowdury A, Rosenberg DR, Bubenik P, Diwadkar VA. Topological Data Analysis Captures Task-Driven fMRI Profiles in Individual Participants: A Classification Pipeline Based on Persistence. Neuroinformatics 2024; 22:45-62. [PMID: 37924429 PMCID: PMC11268454 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-023-09645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
BOLD-based fMRI is the most widely used method for studying brain function. The BOLD signal while valuable, is beset with unique vulnerabilities. The most notable of these is the modest signal to noise ratio, and the relatively low temporal and spatial resolution. However, the high dimensional complexity of the BOLD signal also presents unique opportunities for functional discovery. Topological Data Analyses (TDA), a branch of mathematics optimized to search for specific classes of structure within high dimensional data may provide particularly valuable applications. In this investigation, we acquired fMRI data in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) using a basic motor control paradigm. Then, for each participant and each of three task conditions, fMRI signals in the ACC were summarized using two methods: a) TDA based methods of persistent homology and persistence landscapes and b) non-TDA based methods using a standard vectorization scheme. Finally, using machine learning (with support vector classifiers), classification accuracy of TDA and non-TDA vectorized data was tested across participants. In each participant, TDA-based classification out-performed the non-TDA based counterpart, suggesting that our TDA analytic pipeline better characterized task- and condition-induced structure in fMRI data in the ACC. Our results emphasize the value of TDA in characterizing task- and condition-induced structure in regional fMRI signals. In addition to providing our analytical tools for other users to emulate, we also discuss the unique role that TDA-based methods can play in the study of individual differences in the structure of functional brain signals in the healthy and the clinical brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Catanzaro
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
- Geometric Data Analytics, 343 West Main Street, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.
| | - Sam Rizzo
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John Kopchick
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Pscherer C, Wendiggensen P, Mückschel M, Bluschke A, Beste C. Alpha and theta band activity share information relevant to proactive and reactive control during conflict-modulated response inhibition. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:5936-5952. [PMID: 37728249 PMCID: PMC10619371 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Response inhibition is an important instance of cognitive control and can be complicated by perceptual conflict. The neurophysiological mechanisms underlying these processes are still not understood. Especially the relationship between neural processes directly preceding cognitive control (proactive control) and processes underlying cognitive control (reactive control) has not been examined although there should be close links. In the current study, we investigate these aspects in a sample of N = 50 healthy adults. Time-frequency and beamforming approaches were applied to analyze the interrelation of brain states before (pre-trial) and during (within-trial) cognitive control. The behavioral data replicate a perceptual conflict-dependent modulation of response inhibition. During the pre-trial period, insular, inferior frontal, superior temporal, and precentral alpha activity was positively correlated with theta activity in the same regions and the superior frontal gyrus. Additionally, participants with a stronger pre-trial alpha activity in the primary motor cortex showed a stronger (within-trial) conflict effect in the theta band in the primary motor cortex. This theta conflict effect was further related to a stronger theta conflict effect in the midcingulate cortex until the end of the trial. The temporal cascade of these processes suggests that successful proactive preparation (anticipatory information gating) entails a stronger reactive processing of the conflicting stimulus information likely resulting in a realization of the need to adapt the current action plan. The results indicate that theta and alpha band activity share and transfer aspects of information when it comes to the interrelationship between proactive and reactive control during conflict-modulated motor inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Pscherer
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryFaculty of Medicine of the TU DresdenDresdenGermany
- University Neuropsychology CenterFaculty of Medicine, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Paul Wendiggensen
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryFaculty of Medicine of the TU DresdenDresdenGermany
- University Neuropsychology CenterFaculty of Medicine, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Moritz Mückschel
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryFaculty of Medicine of the TU DresdenDresdenGermany
- University Neuropsychology CenterFaculty of Medicine, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Annet Bluschke
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryFaculty of Medicine of the TU DresdenDresdenGermany
- University Neuropsychology CenterFaculty of Medicine, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryFaculty of Medicine of the TU DresdenDresdenGermany
- University Neuropsychology CenterFaculty of Medicine, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
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Jünemann K, Engels A, Marie D, Worschech F, Scholz DS, Grouiller F, Kliegel M, Van De Ville D, Altenmüller E, Krüger THC, James CE, Sinke C. Increased functional connectivity in the right dorsal auditory stream after a full year of piano training in healthy older adults. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19993. [PMID: 37968500 PMCID: PMC10652022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46513-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Learning to play an instrument at an advanced age may help to counteract or slow down age-related cognitive decline. However, studies investigating the neural underpinnings of these effects are still scarce. One way to investigate the effects of brain plasticity is using resting-state functional connectivity (FC). The current study compared the effects of learning to play the piano (PP) against participating in music listening/musical culture (MC) lessons on FC in 109 healthy older adults. Participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging at three time points: at baseline, and after 6 and 12 months of interventions. Analyses revealed piano training-specific FC changes after 12 months of training. These include FC increase between right Heschl's gyrus (HG), and other right dorsal auditory stream regions. In addition, PP showed an increased anticorrelation between right HG and dorsal posterior cingulate cortex and FC increase between the right motor hand area and a bilateral network of predominantly motor-related brain regions, which positively correlated with fine motor dexterity improvements. We suggest to interpret those results as increased network efficiency for auditory-motor integration. The fact that functional neuroplasticity can be induced by piano training in healthy older adults opens new pathways to countervail age related decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Jünemann
- Division of Clinical Psychology & Sexual Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Engels
- Division of Clinical Psychology & Sexual Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Damien Marie
- Geneva Musical Minds Lab, Geneva School of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, MRI UNIGE, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florian Worschech
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine, Hannover University of Music, Drama and Media, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel S Scholz
- Institute of Medical Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Musicians' Health, University of Music Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Frédéric Grouiller
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, MRI UNIGE, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eckart Altenmüller
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine, Hannover University of Music, Drama and Media, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tillmann H C Krüger
- Division of Clinical Psychology & Sexual Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Clara E James
- Geneva Musical Minds Lab, Geneva School of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Sinke
- Division of Clinical Psychology & Sexual Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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10
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Bohnen NI, van der Zee S, Albin R. Cholinergic centro-cingulate network in Parkinson disease and normal aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:10817-10820. [PMID: 37899134 PMCID: PMC10637805 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Decreased cholinergic binding within the recently identified centro-cingulate brain network robustly has been shown to robustly correlate with the severity of cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease (PD). This network with key hubs within the cingulum, operculum and peri-central cortical regions also correlates with elements of parkinsonian motor impairments, including postural instability and gait difficulties, such as falls or freezing. MRI neuroimaging studies have shown that the anterior midcingulate cortex is a key node for cognitive aspects of movement generation, i.e., intentional motor control. Recent evidence also suggests a novel aspect of organization of primary motor cortex, describing "effector" regions for fine movement control intercalated with interlinked "inter-effector" regions devoted to whole-body control. A distinguishing feature of inter-effector regions is tight linkage to the cingular and opercular regions. Such inter-effector regions have been proposed to be part of a greater somato-cognitive action network necessary for integration of goals and movement. Recent evidence also points to vulnerabilities of cholinergic nerve terminals in the centro-cingulate network in older non-PD adults. These features of normal aging underscore that cortical cholinergic terminal losses in age-associated neurodegenerative disorders are likely not exclusively the result of disease-specific etiologies but also related to otherwise normal aging. Practical implications of this overlap are that addressing disease-specific and general aging etiologies involved in neurodegeneration, may be of benefit in age-associated neurodegenerative disorders where significant cholinergic systems degeneration is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas I. Bohnen
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Neurology Service and GRECC, Veterans Administration Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Parkinson’s Foundation Center of Excellence, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sygrid van der Zee
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roger Albin
- Neurology Service and GRECC, Veterans Administration Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Parkinson’s Foundation Center of Excellence, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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11
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Orlando I, Ricci C, Griffanti L, Filippini N. Neural correlates of successful emotion recognition in healthy elderly: a multimodal imaging study. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:nsad058. [PMID: 37837299 PMCID: PMC10612567 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ageing process is associated with reduced emotional recognition (ER) performance. The ER ability is an essential part of non-verbal communication, and its role is crucial for proper social functioning. Here, using the 'Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience cohort sample', we investigated when ER, measured using a facial emotion recognition test, begins to consistently decrease along the lifespan. Moreover, using structural and functional MRI data, we identified the neural correlates associated with ER maintenance in the age groups showing early signs of ER decline (N = 283; age range: 58-89 years). The ER performance was positively correlated with greater volume in the superior parietal lobule, higher white matter integrity in the corpus callosum and greater functional connectivity in the mid-cingulate area. Our results suggest that higher ER accuracy in older people is associated with preserved gray and white matter volumes in cognitive or interconnecting areas, subserving brain regions directly involved in emotional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Orlando
- Department of Psychology, Salesian Pontifical University of Rome, Rome 00139, Italy
| | - Carlo Ricci
- Department of Psychology, Salesian Pontifical University of Rome, Rome 00139, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Walden Institute of Rome, Rome 00186, Italy
| | - Ludovica Griffanti
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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12
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Garcea FE, Buxbaum LJ. Mechanisms and neuroanatomy of response selection in tool and non-tool action tasks: Evidence from left-hemisphere stroke. Cortex 2023; 167:335-350. [PMID: 37598647 PMCID: PMC10543550 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The ability to select between potential actions is central to the complex process of tool use. After left hemisphere stroke, individuals with limb apraxia make more hand action errors when gesturing the use of tools with conflicting hand actions for grasping-to-move and use (e.g., screwdriver) relative to tools that are grasped-to-move and used with the same hand action (e.g., hammer). Prior research indicates that this grasp-use interference effect is driven by abnormalities in the competitive action selection process. The goal of this project was to determine whether common mechanisms and neural substrates support the competitive selection of task-appropriate responses in both tool and non-tool domains. If so, the grasp-use interference effect in a tool use gesturing task should be correlated with response interference effects in the classic Eriksen flanker and Simon tasks, and at least partly overlapping neural regions should subserve the 3 tasks. Sixty-four left hemisphere stroke survivors (33 with apraxia) participated in the tool- and non-tool interference tasks and underwent T1 anatomical MRI. There were robust grasp-use interference effects (grasp-use conflict test) and response interference effects (Eriksen flanker and Simon tasks), but these effects were not correlated. Lesion-symptom mapping analyses showed that lesions to the left inferior parietal lobule, ventral premotor cortex, and insula were associated with grasp-use interference. Lesions to the left inferior parietal lobule, postcentral gyrus, insula, caudate, and putamen were associated with response interference in the Eriksen flanker task. Lesions to the left caudate and putamen were also associated with response interference in the Simon task. Our results suggest that the selection of hand posture for tool use is mediated by distinct cognitive mechanisms and partly distinct neuroanatomic substrates from those mapping a stimulus to an appropriate motor response in non-tool domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank E Garcea
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Laurel J Buxbaum
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, PA, USA; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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13
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Sznabel D, Land R, Kopp B, Kral A. The relation between implicit statistical learning and proactivity as revealed by EEG. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15787. [PMID: 37737452 PMCID: PMC10516964 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42116-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental events often occur on a probabilistic basis but can sometimes be predicted based on specific cues and thus approached proactively. Incidental statistical learning enables the acquisition of knowledge about probabilistic cue-target contingencies. However, the neural mechanisms of statistical learning about contingencies (SLC), the required conditions for successful learning, and the role of implicit processes in the resultant proactive behavior are still debated. We examined changes in behavior and cortical activity during an SLC task in which subjects responded to visual targets. Unbeknown to them, there were three types of target cues associated with high-, low-, and zero target probabilities. About half of the subjects spontaneously gained explicit knowledge about the contingencies (contingency-aware group), and only they showed evidence of proactivity: shortened response times to predictable targets and enhanced event-related brain responses (cue-evoked P300 and contingent negative variation, CNV) to high probability cues. The behavioral and brain responses were strictly associated on a single-trial basis. Source reconstruction of the brain responses revealed activation of fronto-parietal brain regions associated with cognitive control, particularly the anterior cingulate cortex and precuneus. We also found neural correlates of SLC in the contingency-unaware group, but these were restricted to post-target latencies and visual association areas. Our results document a qualitative difference between explicit and implicit learning processes and suggest that in certain conditions, proactivity may require explicit knowledge about contingencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Sznabel
- Department of Experimental Otology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Hannover, Germany.
| | - Rüdiger Land
- Department of Experimental Otology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bruno Kopp
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrej Kral
- Department of Experimental Otology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Hannover, Germany
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14
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Tuncer MS, Fekonja LS, Ott S, Pfnür A, Karbe AG, Engelhardt M, Faust K, Picht T, Coburger J, Dührsen L, Vajkoczy P, Onken J. Role of interhemispheric connectivity in recovery from postoperative supplementary motor area syndrome in glioma patients. J Neurosurg 2023; 139:324-333. [PMID: 36461815 DOI: 10.3171/2022.10.jns221303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Surgical resection of gliomas involving the supplementary motor area (SMA) frequently results in SMA syndrome, a symptom complex characterized by transient akinesia and mutism. Because the factors influencing patient functional outcomes after surgery remain elusive, the authors investigated network-based predictors in a multicentric cohort of glioma patients. METHODS The participants were 50 patients treated for glioma located in the SMA at one of the three centers participating in the study. Postoperative functional outcomes (motor deficits, mutism) and duration of symptoms were assessed during hospitalization. Long-term outcome was assessed 3 months after surgery. MRI-based lesion-symptom mapping was performed to estimate the severity of gray matter damage and white matter disconnection. RESULTS The median duration of acute symptoms was 3 days (range 1-42 days). Long-term deficits involving fine motor movements and speech were found at follow-up in 27 patients (54%). Disconnection of the central callosal fibers was associated with prolonged acute symptoms (p < 0.05). Postoperative mutism was significantly related to disconnection severity of the left frontopontine tract, frontal aslant tract, cingulum, and corticostriatal tract (p < 0.05). Disconnection of midposterior callosal fibers and lesion loads within the left medial Brodmann area 4 were associated with long-term motor deficits (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for the pathophysiology and predictive factors of postoperative SMA syndrome by demonstrating the relation of the disconnection of callosal fibers with prolonged symptom duration (central segment) and long-term motor deficits (midposterior segment). These data may be useful for presurgical risk assessment and adequate consultation for patients prior to undergoing resection of glioma located within the SMA region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Salih Tuncer
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin
| | - Lucius S Fekonja
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin
- 2Cluster of Excellence: "Matters of Activity. Image Space Material," Humboldt University, Berlin
| | - Stefanie Ott
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Andreas Pfnür
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Günzburg
| | - Anna-Gila Karbe
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin
| | - Melina Engelhardt
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin
- 5Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin; and
| | - Katharina Faust
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin
| | - Thomas Picht
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin
- 2Cluster of Excellence: "Matters of Activity. Image Space Material," Humboldt University, Berlin
- 5Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin; and
| | - Jan Coburger
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Günzburg
| | - Lasse Dührsen
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin
| | - Julia Onken
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin
- 6German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
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15
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Schill J, Simonyan K, Lang S, Mathys C, Thiel C, Witt K. Parkinson's disease speech production network as determined by graph-theoretical network analysis. Netw Neurosci 2023; 7:712-730. [PMID: 37397896 PMCID: PMC10312286 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) can affect speech as well as emotion processing. We employ whole-brain graph-theoretical network analysis to determine how the speech-processing network (SPN) changes in PD, and assess its susceptibility to emotional distraction. Functional magnetic resonance images of 14 patients (aged 59.6 ± 10.1 years, 5 female) and 23 healthy controls (aged 64.1 ± 6.5 years, 12 female) were obtained during a picture-naming task. Pictures were supraliminally primed by face pictures showing either a neutral or an emotional expression. PD network metrics were significantly decreased (mean nodal degree, p < 0.0001; mean nodal strength, p < 0.0001; global network efficiency, p < 0.002; mean clustering coefficient, p < 0.0001), indicating an impairment of network integration and segregation. There was an absence of connector hubs in PD. Controls exhibited key network hubs located in the associative cortices, of which most were insusceptible to emotional distraction. The PD SPN had more key network hubs, which were more disorganized and shifted into auditory, sensory, and motor cortices after emotional distraction. The whole-brain SPN in PD undergoes changes that result in (a) decreased network integration and segregation, (b) a modularization of information flow within the network, and (c) the inclusion of primary and secondary cortical areas after emotional distraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schill
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Simonyan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon Lang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christian Mathys
- Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christiane Thiel
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Witt
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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16
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Chai KXY, Marie Goodwill A, Leuk JSP, Teo WP. Treadmill Walking Maintains Dual-task Gait Performance and Reduces Frontopolar Cortex Activation in Healthy Adults. Neuroscience 2023; 521:148-156. [PMID: 37105393 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Studies examining dual-task gait (DTG) have used varying conditions such as overground or treadmill walking, however it is not known whether brain activation patterns differ during these conditions. Therefore, this study compared oxyhaemoglobin (O2Hb) responses of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during overground and treadmill walking. A total of 30 participants (14M/16F) were recruited in a randomized crossover study comparing overground and treadmill walking under single- and dual-task (STG and DTG) conditions. The DTG consisted of performing walking and cognitive (serial subtraction by 7's) tasks concurrently. A portable 24-channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy system was placed over the PFC, corresponding the left and right dorsolateral PFC and frontopolar cortices (DLPFC and FPC) during overground and treadmill STG and DTG. Results showed a reduction in gait speed during DTG compared to STG on overground but not treadmill walking, while cognitive performance was maintained during DTG on both overground and treadmill walking. A reduction in O2Hb was seen in the FPC during DTG compared to a cognitive task only, and on the treadmill compared to overground walking. Increased activation was seen in the left and right DLPFC during DTG but did not differ between treadmill and overground walking. Our results support the concept of improved gait efficiency during treadmill walking, indicated by the lack of change in STG and DTG performance and concomitant with a reduction in FPC activation. These findings suggest different neural strategies underpinning treadmill and overground walking, which should be considered when designing gait assessment and rehabilitation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keller Xin-Yu Chai
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Alicia Marie Goodwill
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jessie Siew-Pin Leuk
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Wei-Peng Teo
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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17
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Thirioux B, Langbour N, Bokam P, Renaudin L, Wassouf I, Harika-Germaneau G, Jaafari N. Microstates imbalance is associated with a functional dysregulation of the resting-state networks in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a high-density electrical neuroimaging study using the TESS method. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2593-2611. [PMID: 35739579 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysfunctional patterns of microstates dynamics in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) remain uncertain. Using high-density electrical neuroimaging (EEG) at rest, we explored microstates deterioration in OCD and whether abnormal microstates patterns are associated with a dysregulation of the resting-state networks interplay. We used EEG microstates analyses, TESS method for sources reconstruction, and General Linear Models to test for the effect of disease severity on neural responses. OCD patients exhibited an increased contribution and decreased duration of microstates C and D, respectively. Activity was decreased in the Salience Network (SN), associated with microstate C, but increased in the Default Mode Network (DMN) and Executive Control Network (ECN), respectively, associated with microstates E and D. The hyperactivity of the right angular gyrus in the ECN correlated with the symptoms severity. The imbalance between microstates C and D invalidates the hypothesis that this electrophysiological pattern is specific to psychosis. Demonstrating that the SN-ECN dysregulation manifests as abnormalities in microstates C and D, we confirm that the SN deterioration in OCD is accompanied by a failure of the DMN to deactivate and aberrant compensatory activation mechanisms in the ECN. These abnormalities explain typical OCD clinical features but also detachment from reality, shared with psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérangère Thirioux
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Pierre Deniker, Centre Hospitalier Henri Laborit, 86021 Poitiers, France
- CNRS 7295, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage, Université de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Nicolas Langbour
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Pierre Deniker, Centre Hospitalier Henri Laborit, 86021 Poitiers, France
- CNRS 7295, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage, Université de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Prasanth Bokam
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Pierre Deniker, Centre Hospitalier Henri Laborit, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Léa Renaudin
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Pierre Deniker, Centre Hospitalier Henri Laborit, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Issa Wassouf
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Pierre Deniker, Centre Hospitalier Henri Laborit, 86021 Poitiers, France
- CNRS 7295, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage, Université de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Ghina Harika-Germaneau
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Pierre Deniker, Centre Hospitalier Henri Laborit, 86021 Poitiers, France
- CNRS 7295, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage, Université de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Nematollah Jaafari
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Pierre Deniker, Centre Hospitalier Henri Laborit, 86021 Poitiers, France
- CNRS 7295, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage, Université de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
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18
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Schill J, Simonyan K, Corsten M, Mathys C, Thiel C, Witt K. Graph-theoretical insights into the effects of aging on the speech production network. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2162-2173. [PMID: 35584784 PMCID: PMC9977355 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Speech production relies on the interplay of different brain regions. Healthy aging leads to complex changes in speech processing and production. Here, we investigated how the whole-brain functional connectivity of healthy elderly individuals differs from that of young individuals. In total, 23 young (aged 24.6 ± 2.2 years) and 23 elderly (aged 64.1 ± 6.5 years) individuals performed a picture naming task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We determined whole-brain functional connectivity matrices and used them to compute group averaged speech production networks. By including an emotionally neutral and an emotionally charged condition in the task, we characterized the speech production network during normal and emotionally challenged processing. Our data suggest that the speech production network of elderly healthy individuals is as efficient as that of young participants, but that it is more functionally segregated and more modularized. By determining key network regions, we showed that although complex network changes take place during healthy aging, the most important network regions remain stable. Furthermore, emotional distraction had a larger influence on the young group's network than on the elderly's. We demonstrated that, from the neural network perspective, elderly individuals have a higher capacity for emotion regulation based on their age-related network re-organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schill
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Heiligengeisthöfe 4, 26121 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Simonyan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Maximilian Corsten
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Heiligengeisthöfe 4, 26121 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christian Mathys
- Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, University of Oldenburg, Steinweg 13-17, 26122 Oldenburg, Germany.,Research Center Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straβe 9, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstraβe 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christiane Thiel
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straβe 9, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.,Department of Psychology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraβe 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Witt
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Heiligengeisthöfe 4, 26121 Oldenburg, Germany.,Research Center Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straβe 9, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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Wang L, Gan C, Sun H, Ji M, Zhang H, Cao X, Wang M, Yuan Y, Zhang K. Impaired structural and reserved functional topological organizations of brain networks in Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2023; 13:66-79. [PMID: 36620158 PMCID: PMC9816763 DOI: 10.21037/qims-22-351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Freezing of gait (FOG) is a common disabling motor disturbance in Parkinson's disease (PD). Our study aimed to probe the topological organizations of structural and functional brain networks and their coupling in FOG. Methods In this cross-sectional retrospective study, a total of 30 PD patients with FOG (PD-FOG), 40 patients without FOG, and 25 healthy controls (HCs) underwent clinical assessments and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning. Large-scale structural and functional brain networks were constructed. Subsequently, global and nodal graph theoretical properties and functional-structural coupling were investigated. Finally, correlations between the altered brain topological properties and freezing severity were analyzed in PD-FOG. Results For structural networks, at the global level, PD-FOG exhibited increased normalized characteristic path length (P=0.040, Bonferroni-corrected) and decreased global efficiency (P=0.005, Bonferroni-corrected) compared with controls, and showed reduced global (P=0.001, Bonferroni-corrected) and local (P=0.032, Bonferroni-corrected) efficiency relative to patients without FOG. At the nodal level, nodal efficiency of structural networks was reduced in PD-FOG compared with PD patients without FOG, located in the left supplementary motor area (SMA), gyrus rectus, and middle cingulate cortex (MCC) (all P<0.05, Bonferroni-corrected). Notably, altered global and nodal properties of structural networks were significantly correlated with Freezing of Gait Questionnaire scores [all P<0.05, false discovery rate (FDR)-corrected]. However, only an increase in local efficiency (P=0.003, Bonferroni-corrected) of functional networks was identified in PD-FOG compared with those without FOG. No significant structural-functional coupling was detected among the 3 groups. Conclusions This study demonstrates the extensively impaired structural and relatively reserved functional network topological organizations in PD-FOG. Our results also provide evidence that the pathogenesis of PD-FOG is primarily attributable to network vulnerability established by crucial structural damage, especially in the left SMA, gyrus rectus, and MCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiting Gan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Ji
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingyue Cao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongsheng Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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20
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Long J, Song X, Wang Y, Wang C, Huang R, Zhang R. Distinct neural activation patterns of age in subcomponents of inhibitory control: A fMRI meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:938789. [PMID: 35992590 PMCID: PMC9389163 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.938789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory control (IC) is a fundamental cognitive function showing age-related change across the healthy lifespan. Since different cognitive resources are needed in the two subcomponents of IC (cognitive inhibition and response inhibition), regions of the brain are differentially activated. In this study, we aimed to determine whether there is a distinct age-related activation pattern in these two subcomponents. A total of 278 fMRI articles were included in the current analysis. Multilevel kernel density analysis was used to provide data on brain activation under each subcomponent of IC. Contrast analyses were conducted to capture the distinct activated brain regions for the two subcomponents, whereas meta-regression analyses were performed to identify brain regions with distinct age-related activation patterns in the two subcomponents of IC. The results showed that the right inferior frontal gyrus and the bilateral insula were activated during the two IC subcomponents. Contrast analyses revealed stronger activation in the superior parietal lobule during cognitive inhibition, whereas stronger activation during response inhibition was observed primarily in the right inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral insula, and angular gyrus. Furthermore, regression analyses showed that activation of the left anterior cingulate cortex, left inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral insula, and left superior parietal lobule increased and decreased with age during cognitive inhibition and response inhibition, respectively. The results showed distinct activation patterns of aging for the two subcomponents of IC, which may be related to the differential cognitive resources recruited. These findings may help to enhance knowledge of age-related changes in the activation patterns of IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixin Long
- Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqi Song
- Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - You Wang
- Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chanyu Wang
- Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiwang Huang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruibin Zhang
- Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Jiang X, Dahmani S, Bronshteyn M, Yang FN, Ryan JP, Gallagher RC, Damera SR, Kumar PN, Moore DJ, Ellis RJ, Turkeltaub PE. Cingulate transcranial direct current stimulation in adults with HIV. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269491. [PMID: 35658059 PMCID: PMC9165807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal dysfunction plays an important role in the high prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in people with HIV (PWH). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)-with its capability to improve neuronal function-may have the potential to serve as an alternative therapeutic approach for HAND. Brain imaging and neurobehavioral studies provide converging evidence that injury to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is highly prevalent and contributes to HAND in PWH, suggesting that ACC may serve as a potential neuromodulation target for HAND. Here we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, partial crossover pilot study to test the safety, tolerability, and potential efficacy of anodal tDCS over cingulate cortex in adults with HIV, with a focus on the dorsal ACC (dACC). METHODS Eleven PWH (47-69 years old, 2 females, 100% African Americans, disease duration 16-36 years) participated in the study, which had two phases, Phase 1 and Phase 2. During Phase 1, participants were randomized to receive ten sessions of sham (n = 4) or cingulate tDCS (n = 7) over the course of 2-3 weeks. Treatment assignments were unknown to the participants and the technicians. Neuropsychology and MRI data were collected from four additional study visits to assess treatment effects, including one baseline visit (BL, prior to treatment) and three follow-up visits (FU1, FU2, and FU3, approximately 1 week, 3 weeks, and 3 months after treatment, respectively). Treatment assignment was unblinded after FU3. Participants in the sham group repeated the study with open-label cingulate tDCS during Phase 2. Statistical analysis was limited to data from Phase 1. RESULTS Compared to sham tDCS, cingulate tDCS led to a decrease in Perseverative Errors in Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), but not Non-Perseverative Errors, as well as a decrease in the ratio score of Trail Making Test-Part B (TMT-B) to TMT-Part A (TMT-A). Seed-to-voxel analysis with resting state functional MRI data revealed an increase in functional connectivity between the bilateral dACC and a cluster in the right dorsal striatum after cingulate tDCS. There were no differences in self-reported discomfort ratings between sham and cingulate tDCS. CONCLUSIONS Cingulate tDCS is safe and well-tolerated in PWH, and may have the potential to improve cognitive performance and brain function. A future study with a larger sample is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Sophia Dahmani
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Margarita Bronshteyn
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Fan Nils Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - John Paul Ryan
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - R. Craig Gallagher
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Srikanth R. Damera
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Princy N. Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - David J. Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Ronald J. Ellis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Peter E. Turkeltaub
- Department of Neurology and Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
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22
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Koppel L, Novembre G, Kämpe R, Savallampi M, Morrison I. Prediction and action in cortical pain processing. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:794-810. [PMID: 35289367 PMCID: PMC9890457 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Predicting that a stimulus is painful facilitates action to avoid harm. But how distinct are the neural processes underlying the prediction of upcoming painful events vis-à-vis those taking action to avoid them? Here, we investigated brain activity as a function of current and predicted painful or nonpainful thermal stimulation, as well as the ability of voluntary action to affect the duration of upcoming stimulation. Participants performed a task which involved the administration of a painful or nonpainful stimulus (S1), which predicted an immediately subsequent very painful or nonpainful stimulus (S2). Pressing a response button within a specified time window during S1 either reduced or did not reduce the duration of the upcoming stimulation. Predicted pain increased activation in several regions, including anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), midcingulate cortex (MCC), and insula; however, activation in ACC and MCC depended on whether a meaningful action was performed, with MCC activation showing a direct relationship with motor output. Insula's responses for predicted pain were also modulated by potential action consequences, albeit without a direct relationship with motor output. These findings suggest that cortical pain processing is not specifically tied to the sensory stimulus, but instead, depends on the consequences of that stimulus for sensorimotor control of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Koppel
- Corresponding author: Department of Management and Engineering, Division of Economics, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Giovanni Novembre
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden,Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University Hospital, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Robin Kämpe
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden,Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University Hospital, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mattias Savallampi
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - India Morrison
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden,Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University Hospital, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
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23
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Gärtner M, Weigand A, Scheidegger M, Lehmann M, Wyss PO, Wunder A, Henning A, Grimm S. Acute effects of ketamine on the pregenual anterior cingulate: linking spontaneous activation, functional connectivity, and glutamate metabolism. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:703-714. [PMID: 35020021 PMCID: PMC9095553 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine exerts its rapid antidepressant effects via modulation of the glutamatergic system. While numerous imaging studies have investigated the effects of ketamine on a functional macroscopic brain level, it remains unclear how altered glutamate metabolism and changes in brain function are linked. To shed light on this topic we here conducted a multimodal imaging study in healthy volunteers (N = 23) using resting state fMRI and proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to investigate linkage between metabolic and functional brain changes induced by ketamine. Subjects were investigated before and during an intravenous ketamine infusion. The MRS voxel was placed in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC), as this region has been repeatedly shown to be involved in ketamine's effects. Our results showed functional connectivity changes from the pgACC to the right frontal pole and anterior mid cingulate cortex (aMCC). Absolute glutamate and glutamine concentrations in the pgACC did not differ significantly from baseline. However, we found that stronger pgACC activation during ketamine was linked to lower glutamine concentration in this region. Furthermore, reduced functional connectivity between pgACC and aMCC was related to increased pgACC activation and reduced glutamine. Our results thereby demonstrate how multimodal investigations in a single brain region could help to advance our understanding of the association between metabolic and functional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Gärtner
- MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Anne Weigand
- grid.466457.20000 0004 1794 7698MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| | - Milan Scheidegger
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mick Lehmann
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrik O. Wyss
- grid.419769.40000 0004 0627 6016Department of Radiology, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Wunder
- grid.420061.10000 0001 2171 7500Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Anke Henning
- grid.267313.20000 0000 9482 7121Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Simone Grimm
- grid.466457.20000 0004 1794 7698MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197 Berlin, Germany ,grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany ,grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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24
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Keogh C, Deli A, Zand APD, Zorman MJ, Boccard-Binet SG, Parrott M, Sigalas C, Weiss AR, Stein JF, FitzGerald JJ, Aziz TZ, Green AL, Gillies MJ. Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Information Processing in the Human Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:780047. [PMID: 35370577 PMCID: PMC8973009 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.780047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is a key node in the human salience network. It has been ascribed motor, pain-processing and affective functions. However, the dynamics of information flow in this complex region and how it responds to inputs remain unclear and are difficult to study using non-invasive electrophysiology. The area is targeted by neurosurgery to treat neuropathic pain. During deep brain stimulation surgery, we recorded local field potentials from this region in humans during a decision-making task requiring motor output. We investigated the spatial and temporal distribution of information flow within the dACC. We demonstrate the existence of a distributed network within the anterior cingulate cortex where discrete nodes demonstrate directed communication following inputs. We show that this network anticipates and responds to the valence of feedback to actions. We further show that these network dynamics adapt following learning. Our results provide evidence for the integration of learning and the response to feedback in a key cognitive region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Keogh
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alceste Deli
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark Jernej Zorman
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Matthew Parrott
- St Hilda’s College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alexander R. Weiss
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - John Frederick Stein
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James J. FitzGerald
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tipu Z. Aziz
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander L. Green
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martin John Gillies
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Martin John Gillies,
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25
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Going beyond primary motor cortex to improve brain–computer interfaces. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:176-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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26
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Task effects on functional connectivity measures after stroke. Exp Brain Res 2021; 240:575-590. [PMID: 34860257 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06261-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the effect of task compared to rest on detecting stroke-related network abnormalities will inform efforts to optimize detection of such abnormalities. The goal of this work was to determine whether connectivity measures obtained during an overt task are more effective than connectivity obtained during a "resting" state for detecting stroke-related changes in network function of the brain. This study examined working memory, discrete pedaling, continuous pedaling and language tasks. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine regional and inter-regional brain network function in 14 stroke and 16 control participants. Independent component analysis was used to identify 149 regions of interest (ROI). Using the inter-regional connectivity measurements, the weighted sum was calculated across only regions associated with a given task. Both inter-regional connectivity and regional connectivity were greater during each of the tasks as compared to the resting state. The working memory and discrete pedaling tasks allowed for detection of stroke-related decreases in inter-regional connectivity, while the continuous pedaling and language tasks allowed for detection of stroke-related enhancements in regional connectivity. These observations illustrate that task-based functional connectivity allows for detection of stroke-related changes not seen during resting states. In addition, this work provides evidence that tasks emphasizing different cognitive domains reveal different aspects of stroke-related reorganization. We also illustrate that within the motor domain, different tasks can reveal inter-regional or regional stroke-related changes, in this case suggesting that discrete pedaling required more central drive than continuous pedaling.
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27
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Tomiyama H, Murayama K, Nemoto K, Tomita M, Hasuzawa S, Mizobe T, Kato K, Ohno A, Tsuruta S, Togao O, Hiwatashi A, Nakao T. Increased functional connectivity between presupplementary motor area and inferior frontal gyrus associated with the ability of motor response inhibition in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 43:974-984. [PMID: 34816523 PMCID: PMC8764470 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that presupplementary motor area (pre‐SMA) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) play an important role in response inhibition. However, no study has investigated the relationship between these brain networks at resting‐state and response inhibition in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). We performed resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans and then measured the response inhibition of 41 medication‐free OCD patients and 49 healthy control (HC) participants by using the stop‐signal task outside the scanner. We explored the differences between OCD and HC groups in the functional connectivity of pre‐SMA and IFG associated with the ability of motor response inhibition. OCD patients showed a longer stop‐signal reaction time (SSRT). Compared to HC, OCD patients exhibit different associations between the ability of motor response inhibition and the functional connectivity between pre‐SMA and IFG, inferior parietal lobule, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, insula, and anterior prefrontal cortex. Additional analysis to investigate the functional connectivity difference from the seed ROIs to the whole brain voxels revealed that, compared to HC, OCD exhibited greater functional connectivity between pre‐SMA and IFG. Also, this functional connectivity was positively correlated with the SSRT score. These results provide additional insight into the characteristics of the resting‐state functional connectivity of the regions belonging to the cortico‐striato‐thalamo‐cortical circuit and the cingulo‐opercular salience network, underlying the impaired motor response inhibition of OCD. In particular, we emphasize the importance of altered functional connectivity between pre‐SMA and IFG for the pathophysiology of motor response inhibition in OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Tomiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keitaro Murayama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mayumi Tomita
- Department of Psychology, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Suguru Hasuzawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taro Mizobe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenta Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Aikana Ohno
- Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sae Tsuruta
- Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Osamu Togao
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akio Hiwatashi
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakao
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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28
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Li ZY, Si LH, Shen B, Yang X. Altered brain network functional connectivity patterns in patients with vestibular migraine diagnosed according to the diagnostic criteria of the Bárány Society and the International Headache Society. J Neurol 2021; 269:3026-3036. [PMID: 34792633 PMCID: PMC9119883 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10868-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Vestibular migraine (VM) is considered one of the most common causes of episodic central vestibular disorders, the mechanism of VM is currently still unclear. The development of functional nuclear magnetic resonance (fMRI) in recent years offers the possibility to explore the altered functional connectivity patterns in patients with VM in depth. The study aimed to investigate altered patterns of brain network functional connectivity in patients with VM diagnosed based on the diagnostic criteria of the Bárány Society and the International Headache Society, and hope to provide a scientific theoretical basis for understanding whether VM is a no-structural central vestibular disease, i.e., functional central vestibular disease with altered brain function. Methods Seventeen patients with VM who received treatment in our hospital from December 2018 to December 2020 were enrolled. Eight patients with migraine and 17 health controls (HCs) were also included. Clinical data of all patients were collected. Blood pressure, blood routine tests and electrocardiography were conducted to exclude other diseases associated with chronic dizziness. Videonystagmography, the vestibular caloric test, the video head impulse test and vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials were measured to exclude peripheral vestibular lesions. MRI was utilized to exclude focal lesions and other neurological diseases. All subjects underwent fMRI. The independent component analysis was performed to explore changes in intra- and inter-network functional connectivity in patients with VM. Results Among 17 patients with VM, there were 7 males and 10 females with an average age of 39.47 ± 9.78 years old. All patients had a history of migraine. Twelve (70.6%) patients had recurrent spontaneous vertigo, 2 (11.7%) patients had visually induced vertigo, and 3 (17.6%) patients had head motion-induced vertigo. All 17 patients with VM reported worsening of dizziness vertigo during visual stimulation. The migraine-like symptoms were photophobia or phonophobia (n = 15, 88.2%), migraine-like headache (n = 8, 47.1%), visual aura during VM onset (n = 7, 41.2%). 5 (29.4%) patients with VM had hyperactive response during the caloric test, and 12 (70.6%) patients had caloric test intolerance. Eleven (64.7%) patients had a history of motion sickness. Totally 13 independent components were identified. Patients with VM showed decreased functional connectivity in the bilateral medial cingulate gyrus and paracingulate gyrus within sensorimotor network (SMN) compared with HCs. They also showed weakened functional connectivity between auditory network (AN) and anterior default mode network (aDMN) compared with HCs, and enhanced functional connectivity between AN and the salience network (SN) compared with patients with migraine. Conclusion Patients with vestibular migraine showed obvious altered functional connectivity in the bilateral medial cingulate gyrus and paracingulate gyrus within the SMN. The median cingulate and paracingulate gyri may be impaired, the disinhibition of sensorimotor network and vestibular cortical network may result in a hypersensitivity state (photophobia/phonophobia). Altered functional connectivity between AN and DMN, SN may lead to increased sensitivity to vestibular sensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Yuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hong Si
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Is Instructional Scaffolding a Better Strategy for Teaching Writing to EFL Learners? A Functional MRI Study in Healthy Young Adults. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11111378. [PMID: 34827377 PMCID: PMC8615726 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To test the scaffolding theory when applied to the teaching and learning of writing English as a foreign language, this cross-sectional study was conducted to collect physiological data. A total of 53 participants were randomly assigned into two groups, and brain activity was investigated during a guided-writing task using storytelling pictures. The writing task was further divided into four parts using graded levels of difficulty. The experimental group performed tasks in sequence from easy to difficult, whereas the comparison group performed the tasks at random. Outcomes included handwriting assessments and fMRI measurements. Writing outcome assessments were analyzed using SPSS, and scanned images were analyzed using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) software. The results revealed a positive learning effect associated with scaffolding instruction. The experimental group performed better during the writing tasks, and the fMRI images showed less intense and weaker reactions in the language processing region than were observed in the comparison group. The fMRI results also presented the experimental group with reduced motor and cognitive functions when writing in English. This study provides insight regarding brain activity during writing tasks in humans and may have implications for English-language instruction.
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30
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A Method for More Accurate Determination of Resonance Frequency of the Cardiovascular System, and Evaluation of a Program to Perform It. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2021; 47:17-26. [PMID: 34655366 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-021-09524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study validated a more exact automated method of determining cardiovascular resonance frequency (RF) against the "stepped" protocol described by Lehrer et al. (Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 25(3):177-191, https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009554825745 , 2000; in Foundations of heart rate variability biofeedback: A book of readings, The Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, pp 9-19, 2016). Thirteen participants completed a 15-min RF determination session by each method. The "stepped" protocol assesses HRV in five 3-min stationary windows from 4.5 to 6.5 breaths per minute (bpm), decreasing in 0.5 bpm steps. Multiple criteria, subjectively weighted by the clinician, determines RF. For this study, the proposed method used a sliding window with a fixed rate of change (67.04 ms per breath) at each of 78 breath cycles ranging from 4.25 to 6.75 bpm. Its algorithm analyzes IBI to locate the midpoint of the 1-min region of stable maximum peak-trough variability. RF is quantified from breath duration at that point. The software generates a visual display of superimposed HR and breathing data. Thus, the new method fully automates RF determination. Eleven of the 13 matched pairs fell within the 0.5 bpm resolution of the stepped method. Comparisons of LF power generated by the autoregressive (AR) spectral method showed a strong correlation in LF power production by the stepped and sliding methods (R = 0.751, p = 0.000). The "sliding" pacing protocol was favored by 69% of participants (p < 0.02). The new, fully-automated, method may facilitate both in-person and remote HRV biofeedback training. Software is available open-source.
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31
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Aracil-Bolaños I, Sampedro F, Marín-Lahoz J, Horta-Barba A, Martínez-Horta S, Gónzalez-de-Echávarri JM, Pérez-Pérez J, Bejr-Kasem H, Pascual-Sedano B, Botí M, Campolongo A, Izquierdo C, Gironell A, Gómez-Ansón B, Kulisevsky J, Pagonabarraga J. Tipping the scales: how clinical assessment shapes the neural correlates of Parkinson's disease mild cognitive impairment. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 16:761-772. [PMID: 34553331 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00543-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD-MCI) is associated with consistent structural and functional brain changes. Whether different approaches for diagnosing PD-MCI are equivalent in their neural correlates is presently unknown. We aimed to profile the neuroimaging changes associated with the two endorsed methods of diagnosing PD-MCI. We recruited 53 consecutive non-demented PD patients and classified them as PD-MCI according to comprehensive neuropsychological examination as operationalized by the Movement Disorders Task Force. Voxel-based morphometry, cortical thickness, functional connectivity and graph theoretical measures were obtained on a 3-Tesla MRI scanner. 18 patients (32%) were classified as PD-MCI with Level-II criteria, 19 (33%) with the Parkinson's disease Cognitive Rating Scale (PD-CRS) and 32 (60%) with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale. Though regions of atrophy differed across classifications, reduced gray matter in the precuneus was found using both Level-II and PD-CRS classifications in PD-MCI patients. Patients diagnosed with the PD-CRS also showed extensive changes in cortical thickness, concurring with the MoCA in regions of the cingulate cortex, and again with Level-II regarding cortical thinning in the precuneus. Functional connectivity analysis found higher coherence within salience network regions of interest, and decreased anticorrelations between salience/central executive and default-mode networks in the PD-CRS classification for PD-MCI patients. Graph theoretical metrics showed a widespread decrease in node degree for the three classifications in PD-MCI, whereas betweenness centrality was increased in select nodes of the default mode network (DMN). Clinical and neuroimaging commonalities between the endorsed methods of cognitive assessment suggest a corresponding set of neural correlates in PD-MCI: loss of structural integrity in DMN structures, mainly the precuneus, and a loss of weighted connections in the salience network that might be counterbalanced by increased centrality in the DMN. Furthermore, the similarity of the results between exhaustive Level-II and screening Level-I tools might have practical implications in the search for neuroimaging biomarkers of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Aracil-Bolaños
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Mas Casanovas 90-08041, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (U.A.B.), Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques- Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Frederic Sampedro
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques- Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Marín-Lahoz
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Mas Casanovas 90-08041, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (U.A.B.), Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques- Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Horta-Barba
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Mas Casanovas 90-08041, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques- Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Saül Martínez-Horta
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Mas Casanovas 90-08041, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques- Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Pérez-Pérez
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Mas Casanovas 90-08041, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques- Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Helena Bejr-Kasem
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Mas Casanovas 90-08041, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques- Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Berta Pascual-Sedano
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Mas Casanovas 90-08041, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (U.A.B.), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariángeles Botí
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Mas Casanovas 90-08041, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques- Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Campolongo
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Mas Casanovas 90-08041, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques- Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Izquierdo
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Mas Casanovas 90-08041, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques- Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandre Gironell
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Mas Casanovas 90-08041, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques- Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gómez-Ansón
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (U.A.B.), Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques- Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Neuroradiology Unit, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime Kulisevsky
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Mas Casanovas 90-08041, Barcelona, Spain. .,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (U.A.B.), Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques- Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Pagonabarraga
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Mas Casanovas 90-08041, Barcelona, Spain. .,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (U.A.B.), Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques- Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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Churchill NW, Hutchison MG, Graham SJ, Schweizer TA. Acute and Chronic Effects of Multiple Concussions on Midline Brain Structures. Neurology 2021; 97:e1170-e1181. [PMID: 34433678 PMCID: PMC8480483 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that a history of concussion (HOC) causes greater disturbances in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and white matter microstructure of midline brain structures after subsequent concussions, during the acute and chronic phases of recovery. METHODS In this longitudinal MRI study, 61 athletes with uncomplicated concussion (36 with HOC) were imaged at the acute phase of injury (1-7 days after injury), the subacute phase (8-14 days), medical clearance to return to play (RTP), 1 month after RTP, and 1 year after RTP. A normative group of 167 controls (73 with HOC) were also imaged. Each session assessed CBF of the cingulate cortex, along with fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) of the corpus callosum. Linear mixed models tested for interactions of HOC with time since injury. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) was also used to evaluate effects of HOC on symptoms, cognition, and balance. RESULTS Athletes with HOC had significantly greater declines in midcingulate CBF subacutely (z = -3.29, p = 0.002) and greater declines in posterior cingulate CBF at 1 year after RTP (z = -2.42, p = 0.007). No significant effects of HOC were seen for FA, whereas athletes with HOC had higher MD of the splenium at RTP (z = 2.54, p = 0.008). These effects were seen in the absence of significant differences in SCAT domains (|z| ≤ 1.14, p ≥ 0.256) or time to RTP (z = 0.23, p = 0.818). DISCUSSION Results indicate subacute and chronic effects of HOC on cingulate CBF and callosal microstructure in the absence of differences in clinical indices. These findings provide new insights into physiologic brain recovery after concussion, with cumulative effects of repeated injury detected among young, healthy athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W Churchill
- From the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science (N.W.C., M.G.H., T.A.S.) and Neuroscience Research Program (N.W.C., T.A.S.), St. Michael's Hospital; Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education (M.G.H.), Department of Medical Biophysics (S.J.G.), Faculty of Medicine (Neurosurgery) (T.A.S.), and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (T.A.S.), University of Toronto; and Physical Sciences Platform (S.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael G Hutchison
- From the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science (N.W.C., M.G.H., T.A.S.) and Neuroscience Research Program (N.W.C., T.A.S.), St. Michael's Hospital; Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education (M.G.H.), Department of Medical Biophysics (S.J.G.), Faculty of Medicine (Neurosurgery) (T.A.S.), and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (T.A.S.), University of Toronto; and Physical Sciences Platform (S.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon J Graham
- From the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science (N.W.C., M.G.H., T.A.S.) and Neuroscience Research Program (N.W.C., T.A.S.), St. Michael's Hospital; Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education (M.G.H.), Department of Medical Biophysics (S.J.G.), Faculty of Medicine (Neurosurgery) (T.A.S.), and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (T.A.S.), University of Toronto; and Physical Sciences Platform (S.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tom A Schweizer
- From the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science (N.W.C., M.G.H., T.A.S.) and Neuroscience Research Program (N.W.C., T.A.S.), St. Michael's Hospital; Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education (M.G.H.), Department of Medical Biophysics (S.J.G.), Faculty of Medicine (Neurosurgery) (T.A.S.), and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (T.A.S.), University of Toronto; and Physical Sciences Platform (S.J.G.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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33
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Van Dyck D, Deconinck N, Aeby A, Baijot S, Coquelet N, Trotta N, Rovai A, Goldman S, Urbain C, Wens V, De Tiège X. Resting-state functional brain connectivity is related to subsequent procedural learning skills in school-aged children. Neuroimage 2021; 240:118368. [PMID: 34242786 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This magnetoencephalography (MEG) study investigates how procedural sequence learning performance is related to prior brain resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), and to what extent sequence learning induces rapid changes in brain rsFC in school-aged children. Procedural learning was assessed in 30 typically developing children (mean age ± SD: 9.99 years ± 1.35) using a serial reaction time task (SRTT). During SRTT, participants touched as quickly and accurately as possible a stimulus sequentially or randomly appearing in one of the quadrants of a touchscreen. Band-limited power envelope correlation (brain rsFC) was applied to MEG data acquired at rest pre- and post-learning. Correlation analyses were performed between brain rsFC and sequence-specific learning or response time indices. Stronger pre-learning interhemispheric rsFC between inferior parietal and primary somatosensory/motor areas correlated with better subsequent sequence learning performance and faster visuomotor response time. Faster response time was associated with post-learning decreased rsFC within the dorsal extra-striate visual stream and increased rsFC between temporo-cerebellar regions. In school-aged children, variations in functional brain architecture at rest within the sensorimotor network account for interindividual differences in sequence learning and visuomotor performance. After learning, rapid adjustments in functional brain architecture are associated with visuomotor performance but not sequence learning skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorine Van Dyck
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Nicolas Deconinck
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alec Aeby
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit (UR2NF), Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN) and ULB Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simon Baijot
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit (UR2NF), Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN) and ULB Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Coquelet
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicola Trotta
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Department of Functional Neuroimaging, Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antonin Rovai
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Department of Functional Neuroimaging, Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serge Goldman
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Department of Functional Neuroimaging, Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charline Urbain
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit (UR2NF), Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN) and ULB Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Wens
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Department of Functional Neuroimaging, Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier De Tiège
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Department of Functional Neuroimaging, Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Michelet T, Badets A. The anterior midcingulate cortex might be a neuronal substrate for the ideomotor mechanism. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:2345-2355. [PMID: 34185100 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The way the brain controls voluntary movements for normal and pathological subject remains puzzling. In this selective review, we provide unreported harmonies between the anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) activities and the ideomotor mechanism postulating that voluntary movements are controlled by the anticipation of the expected perceptual consequences of an action, critically involving bidirectional interplay of a given motor activity and corresponding sensory feedback. Among other evidence, we found that the required asymmetry in the bidirectional interplay between a given motor command and its expected sensory effect could rely on the specific activity of aMCC neurons when observing errors and successes. We confirm this hypothesis by presenting a pathological perspective, studying obsessive-compulsive and other related disorders in which hyperactivated and uniform aMCC activities should lead to a circular-reflex process that results in persistent ideas and repeated actions. By evaluating normal and pathological data, we propose considering the aMCC at a central position within the cerebral network involved in the ideomotor mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Michelet
- CNRS, EPHE, INCIA, UMR 5287, University of Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - A Badets
- CNRS, EPHE, INCIA, UMR 5287, University of Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
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35
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Le TM, Wang W, Zhornitsky S, Dhingra I, Zhang S, Li CSR. Interdependent Neural Correlates of Reward and Punishment Sensitivity During Rewarded Action and Inhibition of Action. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:1662-1676. [PMID: 31667492 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging studies have distinguished the brain correlates of approach and avoidance behaviors and suggested the influence of individual differences in trait sensitivity to reward (SR) and punishment (SP) on these neural processes. Theoretical work of reinforcement sensitivity postulates that SR and SP may interdependently regulate behavior. Here, we examined the distinct and interrelated neural substrates underlying rewarded action versus inhibition of action in relation to SR and SP as evaluated by the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire. Forty-nine healthy adults performed a reward go/no-go task with approximately 2/3 go and 1/3 no-go trials. Correct go and no-go responses were rewarded and incorrect responses were penalized. The results showed that SR and SP modulated rewarded go and no-go, respectively, both by recruiting the rostral anterior cingulate cortex and left middle frontal gyrus (rACC/left MFG). Importantly, SR and SP influenced these regional activations in opposite directions, thus exhibiting an antagonistic relationship as suggested by the reinforcement sensitivity theory. Furthermore, mediation analysis revealed that heightened SR contributed to higher rewarded go success rate via enhanced rACC/left MFG activity. The findings demonstrate interrelated neural correlates of SR and SP to support the diametric processes of behavioral approach and avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thang M Le
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Wuyi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Simon Zhornitsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Isha Dhingra
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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36
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Fournier JC, Bertocci M, Ladouceur CD, Bonar L, Monk K, Abdul-Waalee H, Versace A, Santos JPL, Iyengar S, Birmaher B, Phillips ML. Neural function during emotion regulation and future depressive symptoms in youth at risk for affective disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1340-1347. [PMID: 33782511 PMCID: PMC8134479 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01001-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Affective disorders (AD, including bipolar disorder, BD, and major depressive disorder) are severe recurrent illnesses. Identifying neural markers of processes underlying AD development in at-risk youth can provide objective, "early-warning" signs that may predate onset or worsening of symptoms. Using data (n = 34) from the Bipolar Offspring Study, we examined relationships between neural response in regions supporting executive function, and those supporting self-monitoring, during an emotional n-back task (focusing on the 2-back face distractor versus the 0-back no-face control conditions) and future depressive and hypo/manic symptoms across two groups of youth at familial risk for AD: Offspring of parents with BD (n = 15, age = 14.15) and offspring of parents with non-BD psychopathology (n = 19, age = 13.62). Participants were scanned and assessed twice, approximately 4 years apart. Across groups, less deactivation in the mid-cingulate cortex during emotional regulation (Rate Ratio = 3.07(95% CI:1.09-8.66), χ2(1) = 4.48, p = 0.03) at Time-1, and increases in functional connectivity from Time-1 to 2 (Rate Ratio = 1.45(95% CI:1.15-1.84), χ2(1) = 8.69, p = 0.003) between regions that showed deactivation during emotional regulation and the right caudate, predicted higher depression severity at Time-2. Both effects were robust to sensitivity analyses controlling for clinical characteristics. Decreases in deactivation between Times 1 and 2 in the right putamen tail were associated with increases in hypo/mania at Time-2, but this effect was not robust to sensitivity analyses. Our findings reflect neural mechanisms of risk for worsening affective symptoms, particularly depression, in youth across a range of familial risk for affective disorders. They may serve as potential objective, early-warning signs of AD in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay C. Fournier
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Michele Bertocci
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Cecile D. Ladouceur
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Lisa Bonar
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Kelly Monk
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Halimah Abdul-Waalee
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Amelia Versace
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - João Paulo Lima Santos
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Satish Iyengar
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Boris Birmaher
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Mary L. Phillips
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
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37
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Churchill NW, Hutchison MG, Graham SJ, Schweizer TA. Insular Connectivity Is Associated With Self-Appraisal of Cognitive Function After a Concussion. Front Neurol 2021; 12:653442. [PMID: 34093401 PMCID: PMC8175663 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.653442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Concussion is associated with acute cognitive impairments, with declines in processing speed and reaction time being common. In the clinical setting, these issues are identified via symptom assessments and neurocognitive test (NCT) batteries. Practice guidelines recommend integrating both symptoms and NCTs into clinical decision-making, but correlations between these measures are often poor. This suggests that many patients experience difficulties in the self-appraisal of cognitive issues. It is presently unclear what neural mechanisms give rise to appraisal mismatch after a concussion. One promising target is the insula, which regulates aspects of cognition, particularly interoception and self-monitoring. The present study tested the hypothesis that appraisal mismatch is due to altered functional connectivity of the insula to frontal and midline structures, with hypo-connectivity leading to under-reporting of cognitive issues and hyper-connectivity leading to over-reporting. Data were collected from 59 acutely concussed individuals and 136 normative controls, including symptom assessments, NCTs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Analysis of resting-state functional MRI supported the hypothesis, identifying insular networks that were associated with appraisal mismatch in concussed athletes that included frontal, sensorimotor, and cingulate connections. Subsequent analysis of diffusion tensor imaging also determined that symptom over-reporting was associated with reduced fractional anisotropy and increased mean diffusivity of posterior white matter. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of cognitive appraisal mismatch after a concussion. They are of particular interest given the central role of symptom assessments in the diagnosis and clinical management of concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W Churchill
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Neuroscience Research Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G Hutchison
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Simon J Graham
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tom A Schweizer
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Neuroscience Research Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine (Neurosurgery), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,The Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (IBBME) at the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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38
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Szczepaniak M, Chowdury A, Soloff PH, Diwadkar VA. Stimulus valence, episodic memory, and the priming of brain activation profiles in borderline personality disorder. Psychol Med 2021; 52:1-11. [PMID: 33858552 PMCID: PMC9275123 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721001136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by instability in affective regulation that can result in a loss of cognitive control. Triggers may be neuronal responses to emotionally valenced context and/or stimuli. 'Neuronal priming' indexes the familiarity of stimuli, and may capture the obligatory effects of affective valence on the brain's processing system, and how such valence mediates responses to the repeated presentation of stimuli. We investigated the effects of affective valence of stimuli on neuronal priming (i.e. changes in activation to repeated presentation of stimuli), and if these effects distinguished BPD patients from controls. METHODS Forty BPD subjects and 25 control subjects (age range: 18-44) participated in an episodic memory task during fMRI. Stimuli were presented in alternating epochs of encoding (six images of positive, negative, and neutral valence) and recognition (six images for 'old' v. 'new' recognition). Analyses focused on inter-group differences in the change in activation to repeated stimuli (presented during Encoding and Recognition). RESULTS Relative to controls, BPD showed greater priming (generally greater decrease from encoding to recognition) for negatively valenced stimuli. Conversely, BPD showed less priming for positively valenced stimuli (generally greater increase from encoding to recognition). CONCLUSION Plausibly, the relative familiarity of negative valence to patients with BPD exerts an influence on obligatory responses to repeated stimuli leading to repetition priming of neuronal profiles. The specific effects of valence on memory and/or attention, and consequently on priming can inform the understanding of mechanisms of altered salience for affective stimuli in BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Szczepaniak
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | - Asadur Chowdury
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | - Paul H. Soloff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Vaibhav A. Diwadkar
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
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39
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Strick PL, Dum RP, Rathelot JA. The Cortical Motor Areas and the Emergence of Motor Skills: A Neuroanatomical Perspective. Annu Rev Neurosci 2021; 44:425-447. [PMID: 33863253 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-070918-050216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
What changes in neural architecture account for the emergence and expansion of dexterity in primates? Dexterity, or skill in performing motor tasks, depends on the ability to generate highly fractionated patterns of muscle activity. It also involves the spatiotemporal coordination of activity in proximal and distal muscles across multiple joints. Many motor skills require the generation of complex movement sequences that are only acquired and refined through extensive practice. Improvements in dexterity have enabled primates to manufacture and use tools and humans to engage in skilled motor behaviors such as typing, dance, musical performance, and sports. Our analysis leads to the following synthesis: The neural substrate that endows primates with their enhanced motor capabilities is due, in part, to (a) major organizational changes in the primary motor cortex and (b) the proliferation of output pathways from other areas of the cerebral cortex, especially from the motor areas on the medial wall of the hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Strick
- Department of Neurobiology, Systems Neuroscience Center, and Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA;
| | - Richard P Dum
- Department of Neurobiology, Systems Neuroscience Center, and Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA;
| | - Jean-Alban Rathelot
- Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone, CNRS, and Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
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40
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Dynamic reconfiguration of functional brain networks supporting response inhibition in a stop-signal task. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:2500-2511. [PMID: 32761563 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Response inhibition is the ability to suppress automatic actions or behaviors that are not appropriate or are no longer adaptive to the situation. Although many studies have suggested regional brain activation, the nature of the reconfiguration of functional brain networks involved in response inhibition remains unknown. Here, we assessed brain changes associated with response inhibition using graph theoretical analysis applied to functional connectivity data acquired while subjects performed a simple stop-signal task. We identified several ways in which global network organization shifted to meet the demand for response inhibition. Increased demand for response inhibition was associated with a global network configuration with more efficient communication across the network (functional integration) and more specialized processing (functional segregation). Regions distributed in the frontoparietal network and attention networks were found to be highly efficient in the stop condition. Nodal efficiency was significantly associated with reaction time and showed a different pattern between the go and stop conditions. In addition, the conditional differences (stop vs. go) in nodal efficiency and regional task activation were common in the postcentral gyrus (PoCG) and superior temporal lobe gyrus (STG), and a negative correlation between these differences was found in the frontal and parietal lobes. These results provide compelling evidence that response inhibition is associated with truly global changes in brain functional connectivity and additional insights into how defects in response inhibition are associated with neurological or psychiatric difficulties.
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41
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Kornisch M. Bilinguals who stutter: A cognitive perspective. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2021; 67:105819. [PMID: 33296800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2020.105819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Brain differences, both in structure and executive functioning, have been found in both developmental stuttering and bilingualism. However, the etiology of stuttering remains unknown. The early suggestion that stuttering is a result of brain dysfunction has since received support from various behavioral and neuroimaging studies that have revealed functional and structural brain changes in monolinguals who stutter (MWS). In addition, MWS appear to show deficits in executive control. However, there is a lack of data on bilinguals who stutter (BWS). This literature review is intended to provide an overview of both stuttering and bilingualism as well as synthesize areas of overlap among both lines of research and highlight knowledge gaps in the current literature. METHODS A systematic literature review on both stuttering and bilingualism studies was conducted, searching for articles containing "stuttering" and/or "bilingualism" and either "brain", "executive functions", "executive control", "motor control", "cognitive reserve", or "brain reserve" in the PubMed database. Additional studies were found by examining the reference list of studies that met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS A total of 148 references that met the criteria for inclusion in this paper were used in the review. A comparison of the impact of stuttering or bilingualism on the brain are discussed. CONCLUSION Previous research examining a potential bilingual advantage for BWS is mixed. However, if such an advantage does exist, it appears to offset potential deficits in executive functioning that may be associated with stuttering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Kornisch
- The University of Mississippi, School of Applied Sciences, Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, 2301 South Lamar Blvd, Oxford, MS 38655, United States.
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42
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Uddin LQ. Brain Mechanisms Supporting Flexible Cognition and Behavior in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:172-183. [PMID: 32709415 PMCID: PMC7677208 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive flexibility enables appropriate responses to a changing environment and is associated with positive life outcomes. Adolescence, with its increased focus on transitioning to independent living, presents particular challenges for youths with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who often struggle to behave in a flexible way when faced with challenges. This review focuses on brain mechanisms underlying the development of flexible cognition during adolescence and how these neural systems are affected in ASD. Neuroimaging studies of task switching and set-shifting provide evidence for atypical lateral frontoparietal and midcingulo-insular network activation during cognitive flexibility task performance in individuals with ASD. Recent work also examines how intrinsic brain network dynamics support flexible cognition. These dynamic functional connectivity studies provide evidence for alterations in the number of transitions between brain states, as well as hypervariability of functional connections in adolescents with ASD. Future directions for the field include addressing issues related to measurement of cognitive flexibility using a combination of metrics with ecological and construct validity. Heterogeneity of executive function ability in ASD must also be parsed to determine which individuals will benefit most from targeted training to improve flexibility. The influence of pubertal hormones on brain network development and cognitive maturation in adolescents with ASD is another area requiring further exploration. Finally, the intriguing possibility that bilingualism might be associated with preserved cognitive flexibility in ASD should be further examined. Addressing these open questions will be critical for future translational neuroscience investigations of cognitive and behavioral flexibility in adolescents with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucina Q Uddin
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, and the Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
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43
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Eglit GM, Lopez F, Schiehser DM, Pirogovsky‐Turk E, Litvan I, Lessig S, Filoteo JV. Delineation of Apathy Subgroups in Parkinson's Disease: Differences in Clinical Presentation, Functional Ability, Health-related Quality of Life, and Caregiver Burden. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2021; 8:92-99. [PMID: 33426163 PMCID: PMC7780962 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apathy is a prevalent, multidimensional neuropsychiatric condition in Parkinson's disease (PD). Several authors have proposed apathy subtypes in PD, but no study has examined the classification of PD patients into distinct apathy subtypes, nor has any study examined the clinical utility of doing so. OBJECTIVES The current study used a data-driven approach to explore the existence and associated clinical characteristics of apathy subtypes in PD. METHOD The Apathy Scale (AS) was administered to 157 non-demented individuals with PD. Participants were classified into apathy subgroups through cluster analysis. Differences among apathy subtypes on external clinical indicators were explored across apathy subgroups. RESULTS Individuals with PD were classified into three subgroups: a Non-Apathetic group with low levels of apathy symptoms, a Low Interest/Energy group, characterized by elevated symptoms of low interest/energy and minimal low initiation/emotional indifference symptoms, and a Low Initiation group, characterized by an absence of low interest/energy symptoms and elevated levels of low initiation/emotional indifference symptoms. Both Low Interest/Energy and Low Initiation groups exhibited worse depression, fatigue, anxiety, health-related quality of life, and caregiver burden than the Non-Apathetic subgroup. The Low Initiation group exhibited worse overall cognition, emotional well-being, state anxiety, communicative ability, and functional ability than the Low Interest/Energy group. Importantly, disease-related characteristics did not differ across apathy symptom subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Non-demented PD patients can be separated into distinct apathy symptom subgroups, which are differentially associated with important clinical variables. Apathy subgroup membership may reflect disruption to different neural systems independent of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham M.L. Eglit
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on AgingUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Francesca Lopez
- Psychology and Research ServicesVeterans Administration San Diego Health Care SystemSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Dawn M. Schiehser
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Psychology and Research ServicesVeterans Administration San Diego Health Care SystemSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Eva Pirogovsky‐Turk
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Irene Litvan
- Department of Neurosciences, Movement Disorder CenterUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Stephanie Lessig
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Neurosciences, Movement Disorder CenterUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - J. Vincent Filoteo
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Psychology and Research ServicesVeterans Administration San Diego Health Care SystemSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Neurosciences, Movement Disorder CenterUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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44
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Liu CY, Lai WS. Functional neuroanatomy and neural oscillations during social eavesdropping in male golden hamsters. Horm Behav 2021; 127:104881. [PMID: 33127368 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Social eavesdropping is a low-cost learning mechanism by which individuals extract relevant social information from social interactions between conspecifics, thereby gaining subsequent advantages in information gathering and usage. The aim of this study was to take advantage of a new hamster model of social eavesdropping to investigate behavioral consequences and neural activity in male hamsters during social eavesdropping. Bystander hamsters with a defeat experience were exposed to either a fighting interaction, a neutral encounter, or control conditions for 3 days of social eavesdropping. In Experiment 1, bystanders in the fight and neutral groups displayed more information gathering behaviors and less nonsocial behavior than control hamsters. The fight group displayed significant increases in c-Fos-positive neurons in the anterior mid-cingulate cortex (aMCC) and the piriform cortex. A slight but not significant group difference was found in their serum cortisol levels. In vivo local field potential oscillation recordings in Experiment 2 revealed that bystanders in the fight group had more delta oscillations in the aMCC during information gathering across 3-day social eavesdropping than those in the other 2 groups. Experiment 3 confirmed that 20 min of social eavesdropping on Day 1 was sufficient to evoke differential behavioral outcomes, and the behavioral responses became more prominent after 3 days of social eavesdropping. Collectively, our study confirmed that male golden hamsters are capable of social eavesdropping and indicated the involvement of aMCC delta oscillations in social eavesdropping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Liu
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sung Lai
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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45
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Wang Y, Jiang Y, Su W, Xu L, Wei Y, Tang Y, Zhang T, Tang X, Hu Y, Cui H, Wang J, Yao D, Luo C, Wang J. Temporal Dynamics in Degree Centrality of Brain Functional Connectome in First-Episode Schizophrenia with Different Short-Term Treatment Responses: A Longitudinal Study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:1505-1516. [PMID: 34079256 PMCID: PMC8166279 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s305117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated temporal dynamics in degree centrality (DC) of the brain functional connectome in first-episode schizophrenia with different short-term treatment responses. METHODS A total of 127 first-episode patients (FEPs) with schizophrenia and 133 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited in this study. All subjects underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. FEPs were scanned at baseline (pretreatment) and at follow-up (posttreatment), while HCs were scanned only at baseline. The patients were exposed to naturalistic antipsychotic treatment for 12 weeks, and classified as schizophrenia responders (SRs) or nonresponders (NRs). Voxel-wise dynamic DC analyses were conducted among the SRs (n=75), NRs (n=52), and HCs (n=133) to assess temporal variability in functional connectivity across the entire neuronal network. RESULTS The SRs and NRs showed dissimilar dynamic DC at baseline, with differences mainly involving the temporal lobe. Different DC alteration was observed in the left fusiform gyrus, right fusiform gyrus, left middle cingulate cortex, and left superior parietal gyrus in the SRs and NRs pre- and posttreatment. SRs group and NRs presented opposite changing patterns of dynamic DC in particular regions of the brain. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that dynamic DC abnormalities exist in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia. The NRs differed from the SRs in dynamic DC not only at baseline but in the characteristics of changes before and after treatment as well. Our study may contribute to understanding pathophysiology in schizophrenia with different treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchao Jiang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of life Science and technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yegang Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiru Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of life Science and technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Luo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of life Science and technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
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46
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Lee D, Namkoong K, Lee J, Jung Y. Dorsal striatal functional connectivity changes in Internet gaming disorder: A longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12868. [PMID: 31886611 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is a behavioral addiction involving excessive online game use despite negative psychosocial consequences. Unrestricted online gaming may lead to changes in striatal activity and the relationship between the striatum and other cortical regions. This study investigated structural and functional abnormalities involving the striatum through longitudinal follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessments. Eighteen young males with IGD (mean age: 23.8 ± 2.0 years) and 18 controls (mean age: 23.9 ± 2.7 years) were evaluated. Subjects were reassessed ≥1 year after the first visit (mean follow-up duration: 22.8 ± 6.7 months), using voxel-based morphometry and seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (FC) analyses in seed regions of the dorsal and ventral striatum. Subjects with IGD had smaller gray matter volume (GMV) in the anterior/middle cingulate cortex compared with controls during initial and follow-up assessments. They exhibited decreased FC between the left dorsal putamen and left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) compared with controls. They exhibited increased FC strength between the right dorsal putamen and right middle occipital gyrus (MOG) during follow-up. Subjects with IGD showed a significant correlation between changes in the dorsal putamen-MOG FC and gaming time per day. Young males with IGD showed an altered FC pattern in the dorsal striatum during follow-up. FC of the dorsal striatum in IGD increased in the mPFC and decreased in the MOG. These findings showed that IGD was accompanied by weakening of prefrontal control and strengthening of the sensorimotor network, suggesting that uncontrolled gaming may be related with functional neural changes in the dorsal striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deokjong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yongin Severance Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine Yongin South Korea
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
| | - Kee Namkoong
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Severance Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
| | - Junghan Lee
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Severance Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
| | - Young‐Chul Jung
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Severance Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
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Ota S, Kanno S, Morita A, Narita W, Kawakami N, Kakinuma K, Saito Y, Kobayashi E, Baba T, Iizuka O, Nishio Y, Matsuda M, Odagiri H, Endo K, Takanami K, Mori E, Suzuki K. Echolalia in patients with primary progressive aphasia. Eur J Neurol 2020; 28:1113-1122. [PMID: 33305428 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine echolalia and its related symptoms and brain lesions in primary progressive aphasia (PPA). METHODS Forty-five patients with PPA were included: 19 nonfluent/agrammatic variant PPA (nfvPPA), 5 semantic variant PPA, 7 logopenic variant PPA, and 14 unclassified PPA patients. We detected echolalia in unstructured conversations. An evaluation of language function and the presence of parkinsonism, grasp reflex, imitation behaviour, and disinhibition were assessed. We also measured regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) using single-photon emission computed tomography. RESULTS Echolalia was observed in 12 nfvPPA and 2 unclassified PPA patients. All patients showed mitigated echolalia. We compared nfvPPA patients with echolalia (echolalia group) to those without echolalia (non-echolalia group). The median age of the echolalia group was significantly lower than that of the non-echolalia group, and the echolalia group showed a significantly worse auditory comprehension performance than the non-echolalia group. In contrast, the performance of repetition tasks was not different between the two groups. The prevalence of imitation behaviour in the echolalia group was significantly higher than that in the non-echolalia group. The rCBFs in the bilateral pre-supplementary motor area and bilateral middle cingulate cortex in the echolalia group were significantly lower than those in the non-echolalia group. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that echolalia is characteristic of nfvPPA patients with impaired comprehension. Reduced inhibition of the medial frontal cortex with release activity of the anterior perisylvian area account for the emergence of echolalia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Ota
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigenori Kanno
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ayumi Morita
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Wataru Narita
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuko Kawakami
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kakinuma
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saito
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Erena Kobayashi
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toru Baba
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Sendai Nishitaga Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Osamu Iizuka
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Nishio
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of General Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Setagaya, Japan
| | - Minoru Matsuda
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Seizankai Group, Izuminomori Clinic, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hayato Odagiri
- Department of Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Endo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kentaro Takanami
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Etsuro Mori
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Osaka University United Graduate School of Child Development, Suita, Japan
| | - Kyoko Suzuki
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Bellucci G, Camilleri JA, Eickhoff SB, Krueger F. Neural signatures of prosocial behaviors. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 118:186-195. [PMID: 32707344 PMCID: PMC7958651 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prosocial behaviors are hypothesized to require socio-cognitive and empathic abilities-engaging brain regions attributed to the mentalizing and empathy brain networks. Here, we tested this hypothesis with a coordinate-based meta-analysis of 600 neuroimaging studies on prosociality, mentalizing and empathy (∼12,000 individuals). We showed that brain areas recruited by prosocial behaviors only partially overlap with the mentalizing (dorsal posterior cingulate cortex) and empathy networks (middle cingulate cortex). Additionally, the dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortices were preferentially activated by prosocial behaviors. Analyses on the functional connectivity profile and functional roles of the neural patterns underlying prosociality revealed that in addition to socio-cognitive and empathic processes, prosocial behaviors further involve evaluation processes and action planning, likely to select the action sequence that best satisfies another person's needs. By characterizing the multidimensional construct of prosociality at the neural level, we provide insights that may support a better understanding of normal and abnormal social cognition (e.g., psychopathy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Bellucci
- Department of Computational Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Julia A Camilleri
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Germany; Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Germany; Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Frank Krueger
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA; Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
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Wong TY, Radua J, Pomarol-Clotet E, Salvador R, Albajes-Eizagirre A, Solanes A, Canales-Rodriguez EJ, Guerrero-Pedraza A, Sarro S, Kircher T, Nenadic I, Krug A, Grotegerd D, Dannlowski U, Borgwardt S, Riecher-Rössler A, Schmidt A, Andreou C, Huber CG, Turner J, Calhoun V, Jiang W, Clark S, Walton E, Spalletta G, Banaj N, Piras F, Ciullo V, Vecchio D, Lebedeva I, Tomyshev AS, Kaleda V, Klushnik T, Filho GB, Zanetti MV, Serpa MH, Penteado Rosa PG, Hashimoto R, Fukunaga M, Richter A, Krämer B, Gruber O, Voineskos AN, Dickie EW, Tomecek D, Skoch A, Spaniel F, Hoschl C, Bertolino A, Bonvino A, Di Giorgio A, Holleran L, Ciufolini S, Marques TR, Dazzan P, Murray R, Lamsma J, Cahn W, van Haren N, Díaz-Zuluaga AM, Pineda-Zapata JA, Vargas C, López-Jaramillo C, van Erp TGM, Gur RC, Nickl-Jockschat T. An overlapping pattern of cerebral cortical thinning is associated with both positive symptoms and aggression in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium. Psychol Med 2020; 50:2034-2045. [PMID: 31615588 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719002149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive symptoms are a useful predictor of aggression in schizophrenia. Although a similar pattern of abnormal brain structures related to both positive symptoms and aggression has been reported, this observation has not yet been confirmed in a single sample. METHOD To study the association between positive symptoms and aggression in schizophrenia on a neurobiological level, a prospective meta-analytic approach was employed to analyze harmonized structural neuroimaging data from 10 research centers worldwide. We analyzed brain MRI scans from 902 individuals with a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia and 952 healthy controls. RESULTS The result identified a widespread cortical thickness reduction in schizophrenia compared to their controls. Two separate meta-regression analyses revealed that a common pattern of reduced cortical gray matter thickness within the left lateral temporal lobe and right midcingulate cortex was significantly associated with both positive symptoms and aggression. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that positive symptoms such as formal thought disorder and auditory misperception, combined with cognitive impairments reflecting difficulties in deploying an adaptive control toward perceived threats, could escalate the likelihood of aggression in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yat Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain and Behavioral Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain and Behavioral Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Nickl-Jockschat
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Kanno S, Shinohara M, Kanno K, Gomi Y, Uchiyama M, Nishio Y, Baba T, Hosokai Y, Takeda A, Fukuda H, Mori E, Suzuki K. Neural substrates underlying progressive micrographia in Parkinson's disease. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01669. [PMID: 32558361 PMCID: PMC7428504 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The neural substrates associated with the development of micrographia remain unknown. We aimed to elucidate the neural substrates underlying micrographia in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. METHODS Forty PD patients and 20 healthy controls underwent handwriting tests that involved free writing and copying. We measured the size of each letter and the resting cerebral glucose metabolic rate of the PD patients and another group of age- and sex-matched 14 healthy controls (HCs), who had not participated in the writing tests, using resting-state 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. RESULTS In the PD patients, the prevalence of consistent micrographia (CM) associated with free writing was 2.5% for both tasks. Alternatively, the prevalence of progressive micrographia (PM) was 15% for free writing and 17.5% for copying. In the PD patients, there was no significant difference in the letter sizes between these tasks, whereas the variability of the letter sizes for copying was significantly different from that for free writing. The means and decrements in letter sizes in either task were not significantly correlated with the severity of brady/hypokinesia in the PD patients. For free writing, the PD patients with PM showed glucose hypometabolism in the anterior part of the right middle cingulate cortex, including the rostral cingulate motor area, compared with those without PM. For copying, the PD patients with PM showed glucose hypometabolism in the right superior occipital gyrus, including V3A, compared with those without PM. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that PM in free writing in PD patients is caused by the difficulty of monitoring whether the actual handwriting movements are desirable for maintaining letter size during self-paced handwriting. By contrast, PM in copying in PD patients is evoked by a lack of visual information about the personal handwriting and hand motions that are used as cues for maintaining letter sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigenori Kanno
- Department of Behavioural Neurology and Cognitive NeuroscienceTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Mayumi Shinohara
- Department of Behavioural Neurology and Cognitive NeuroscienceTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Kasumi Kanno
- Department of Behavioural Neurology and Cognitive NeuroscienceTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Yukihiro Gomi
- Department of Behavioural Neurology and Cognitive NeuroscienceTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
- Department of Occupational TherapyInternational University of Health and WelfareNaritaJapan
| | - Makoto Uchiyama
- Department of Behavioural Neurology and Cognitive NeuroscienceTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing SciencesNiigata University of Health and WelfareNiigataJapan
| | - Yoshiyuki Nishio
- Department of Behavioural Neurology and Cognitive NeuroscienceTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
- Department of General PsychiatryTokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa HospitalSetagayaJapan
| | - Toru Baba
- Department of Behavioural Neurology and Cognitive NeuroscienceTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
- Department of NeurologySendai Nishitaga HospitalSendaiJapan
| | - Yoshiyuki Hosokai
- Department of Behavioural Neurology and Cognitive NeuroscienceTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
- Department of Radiological ScienceInternational University of Health and WelfareOtawaraJapan
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- Department of NeurologySendai Nishitaga HospitalSendaiJapan
| | - Hiroshi Fukuda
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and RadiologyInstitute of Development, Aging and CancerTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
- Division of RadiologyTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Etsuro Mori
- Department of Behavioural Neurology and Cognitive NeuroscienceTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
- Department of Behavioural Neurology and Cognitive NeuropsychiatryOsaka University United Graduate School of Child DevelopmentSuitaJapan
| | - Kyoko Suzuki
- Department of Behavioural Neurology and Cognitive NeuroscienceTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
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