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Provenzano L, Ciccarone S, Porciello G, Petrucci M, Cozzani B, Cotugno A, Bufalari I. Embodiment of underweight and normal-weight avatars affects bodily self-representations in anorexia nervosa. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32834. [PMID: 38988549 PMCID: PMC11233954 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Body image distortion (BID) is a crucial aspect of anorexia nervosa (AN), leading to body overestimation, dissatisfaction, and low self-esteem. BID significantly influences the onset, maintenance, and relapse of the pathology. We assessed whether a Full Body Illusion (FBI) using under and normal-weight avatars' bodies affects perceptual body image and body schema estimations in both individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and healthy controls (HC). After each embodiment procedure, we asked participants to estimate the width of their hips (Perceptual Body Image Task) and the minimum aperture width of a virtual door necessary to pass through it (Body Schema Task). Additionally, we asked participants to rate the avatars in terms of self-similarity, attractiveness, and implicit disgust (i.e., pleasant/unpleasant body odour). Whereas participants with AN (N = 26) showed changes in body schema estimations after embodying the normal-weight avatar, no changes were found in HC (N = 25), highlighting increased bodily self-plasticity in AN. Notably, individuals with AN rated the normal weight avatar as the most similar to their real body, which was also considered the least attractive and the most repulsive. These ratings correlated with BID severity. Furthermore, at the explicit level, all participants reported feeling thinner than usual after embodying the underweight avatar. Overall, our findings suggest that BID in AN engages multiple sensory channels (from visual to olfactory) and components (from perceptual to affective), offering potential targets for innovative non-invasive treatments aimed at modifying flexible aspects of body representation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofia Ciccarone
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Sapienza Università degli studi di Roma, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Porciello
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Sapienza Università degli studi di Roma, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Petrucci
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Cozzani
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry, ASL Roma1, Rome, Italy
| | - Armando Cotugno
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry, ASL Roma1, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bufalari
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza Università degli studi di Roma, Rome, Italy
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2
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Molteni L, Gosling CJ, Fagan HA, Hyde J, Benatti B, Dell'Osso B, Cortese S, Baldwin DS, Huneke NTM. Effects of mindfulness-based interventions on symptoms and interoception in trauma-related disorders and exposure to traumatic events: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2024; 336:115897. [PMID: 38636333 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Interoception is defined as the sense of the internal state of the body. Dysfunctions in interoception are found in several mental disorders, including trauma-related conditions. Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) have been shown to influence interoceptive processes. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated whether MBIs impact symptoms and interoception in patients with trauma-related disorders. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize these data. We included RCTs with an MBI arm which enrolled adult patients with trauma related-disorders or exposure to a traumatic experience, and addressed changes in interoception and trauma-related symptoms. A random-effects multivariate meta-analytic model was performed to quantify group differences in score change from baseline to follow-up. Twelve studies were included in the systematic review, and eleven in the meta-analysis. Overall, MBIs showed small to moderate positive effects on both interoception and symptoms. Despite a high heterogeneity in results, sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings. We conclude that the efficacy of MBIs on trauma-related symptoms and interoception is supported by randomised evidence. However, further research is needed to understand whether changes in interoception might underpin the effectiveness of MBIs in trauma-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Molteni
- University Department of Psychiatry, Academic Centre, College Keep, University of Southampton, UK; Southern Health National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - C J Gosling
- Center for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Université Paris Nanterre, DysCo Lab, Nanterre F-92000, France; Université de Paris, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Boulogne-Billancourt F-92100, France
| | - H A Fagan
- University Department of Psychiatry, Academic Centre, College Keep, University of Southampton, UK; Southern Health National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - J Hyde
- Center for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - B Benatti
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy; Aldo Ravelli" Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, Milan 20142, Italy
| | - B Dell'Osso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy; Aldo Ravelli" Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, Milan 20142, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, Bipolar Disorders Clinic, Stanford Medical School, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - S Cortese
- Center for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Solent National Health Service Trust, Southampton, UK; Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York City, New York, USA; DiMePRe-J-Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine-Jonic Area, University "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - D S Baldwin
- University Department of Psychiatry, Academic Centre, College Keep, University of Southampton, UK; Southern Health National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; University Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - N T M Huneke
- University Department of Psychiatry, Academic Centre, College Keep, University of Southampton, UK; Southern Health National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
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3
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Fouragnan EF, Hosking B, Cheung Y, Prakash B, Rushworth M, Sel A. Timing along the cardiac cycle modulates neural signals of reward-based learning. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2976. [PMID: 38582905 PMCID: PMC10998831 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46921-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural fluctuations in cardiac activity modulate brain activity associated with sensory stimuli, as well as perceptual decisions about low magnitude, near-threshold stimuli. However, little is known about the relationship between fluctuations in heart activity and other internal representations. Here we investigate whether the cardiac cycle relates to learning-related internal representations - absolute and signed prediction errors. We combined machine learning techniques with electroencephalography with both simple, direct indices of task performance and computational model-derived indices of learning. Our results demonstrate that just as people are more sensitive to low magnitude, near-threshold sensory stimuli in certain cardiac phases, so are they more sensitive to low magnitude absolute prediction errors in the same cycles. However, this occurs even when the low magnitude prediction errors are associated with clearly suprathreshold sensory events. In addition, participants exhibiting stronger differences in their prediction error representations between cardiac cycles exhibited higher learning rates and greater task accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa F Fouragnan
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK.
- Brain Research Imaging Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, UK.
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Billy Hosking
- Brain Research Imaging Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, UK
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Yin Cheung
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Brooke Prakash
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Matthew Rushworth
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Alejandra Sel
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK
- Centre for Brain Science, Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
- Essex ESNEFT Psychological Research Unit for Behaviour, Health and Wellbeing, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
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4
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Ono K, Mizuochi R, Yamamoto K, Sasaoka T, Ymawaki S. Exploring the neural underpinnings of chord prediction uncertainty: an electroencephalography (EEG) study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4586. [PMID: 38403782 PMCID: PMC10894873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Predictive processing in the brain, involving interaction between interoceptive (bodily signal) and exteroceptive (sensory) processing, is essential for understanding music as it encompasses musical temporality dynamics and affective responses. This study explores the relationship between neural correlates and subjective certainty of chord prediction, focusing on the alignment between predicted and actual chord progressions in both musically appropriate chord sequences and random chord sequences. Participants were asked to predict the final chord in sequences while their brain activity was measured using electroencephalography (EEG). We found that the stimulus preceding negativity (SPN), an EEG component associated with predictive processing of sensory stimuli, was larger for non-harmonic chord sequences than for harmonic chord progressions. Additionally, the heartbeat evoked potential (HEP), an EEG component related to interoceptive processing, was larger for random chord sequences and correlated with prediction certainty ratings. HEP also correlated with the N5 component, found while listening to the final chord. Our findings suggest that HEP more directly reflects the subjective prediction certainty than SPN. These findings offer new insights into the neural mechanisms underlying music perception and prediction, emphasizing the importance of considering auditory prediction certainty when examining the neural basis of music cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ono
- Center for Brain, Mind and KANSEI Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Ryohei Mizuochi
- Center for Brain, Mind and KANSEI Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sasaoka
- Center for Brain, Mind and KANSEI Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shigeto Ymawaki
- Center for Brain, Mind and KANSEI Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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5
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Weijs ML, Daum MM, Lenggenhager B. Cardiac interoception in infants: Behavioral and neurophysiological measures in various emotional and self-related contexts. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14386. [PMID: 37421217 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Interoception, the perception of internal bodily signals, is fundamental to our sense of self. Even though theoretical accounts suggest an important role for interoception in the development of the self, empirical investigations are limited, particularly in infancy. Previous studies used preferential-looking paradigms to assess the detection of sensorimotor and multisensory contingencies in infancy, usually related to proprioception and touch. So far, only one recent study reported that infants discriminated between audiovisual stimuli presented synchronously or asynchronously with their heartbeat. This discrimination was related to the amplitude of the infant's heartbeat evoked potentials (HEP), a neural correlate of interoception. In the current study, we measured looking preferences between synchronous and asynchronous visuocardiac (bimodal), and audiovisuocardiac (trimodal) stimuli as well as the HEP in conditions of different emotional contexts and with different degrees of self-relatedness in a mirror-like setup. While the infants preferred trimodal to bimodal stimuli, we did not observe the predicted differences between synchronous and asynchronous stimulation. Furthermore, the HEP was not modulated by emotional context or self-relatedness. These findings do not support previously published results and highlight the need for further studies on the early development of interoception in relation to the development of the self.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke L Weijs
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Moritz M Daum
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bigna Lenggenhager
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
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6
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Engelen T, Solcà M, Tallon-Baudry C. Interoceptive rhythms in the brain. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1670-1684. [PMID: 37697110 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Sensing internal bodily signals, or interoception, is fundamental to maintain life. However, interoception should not be viewed as an isolated domain, as it interacts with exteroception, cognition and action to ensure the integrity of the organism. Focusing on cardiac, respiratory and gastric rhythms, we review evidence that interoception is anatomically and functionally intertwined with the processing of signals from the external environment. Interactions arise at all stages, from the peripheral transduction of interoceptive signals to sensory processing and cortical integration, in a network that extends beyond core interoceptive regions. Interoceptive rhythms contribute to functions ranging from perceptual detection up to sense of self, or conversely compete with external inputs. Renewed interest in interoception revives long-standing issues on how the brain integrates and coordinates information in distributed regions, by means of oscillatory synchrony, predictive coding or multisensory integration. Considering interoception and exteroception in the same framework paves the way for biological modes of information processing specific to living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahnée Engelen
- Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, Inserm, Ecole Normale Supérieure PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Marco Solcà
- Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, Inserm, Ecole Normale Supérieure PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Tallon-Baudry
- Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, Inserm, Ecole Normale Supérieure PSL University, Paris, France.
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7
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Callara AL, Fontanelli L, Belcari I, Rho G, Greco A, Zelič Ž, Sebastiani L, Santarcangelo EL. Modulation of the heartbeat evoked cortical potential by hypnotizability and hypnosis. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14309. [PMID: 37070749 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Hypnotizability is a psychophysiological trait measured by scales and associated with several differences, including interoceptive accuracy and the morpho-functional characteristics of interoception-related brain regions. The aim of the study was to assess whether the amplitude of the heartbeat evoked cortical potential (HEP), a correlate of interoceptive accuracy, differs in participants with low (lows) and high (highs) hypnotizability scores (assessed by the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form A) before and after the induction of hypnosis. ECG and EEG were monitored in 16 highs and 15 lows during an experimental session, including open eyes baseline (B), closed eyes relaxation (R), hypnotic induction (IND), neutral hypnosis (NH), and post session baseline (Post). No significant difference was observed between groups and conditions in autonomic variables. The HEP amplitude was lower in highs than in lows at the right parietal site, likely due to hypnotizability related differences in the functional connection between the right insula and parietal cortex. It increased in highs and decreased in lows across the session, possibly due to the highs' preeminently internally directed attention and to the lows' possible disengagement from the task. Since interoception is involved in several cognitive-emotional functions, its hypnotizability related differences may contribute to the variability of experience and behavior in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Luis Callara
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center "E. Piaggio", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fontanelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Iacopo Belcari
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Rho
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Greco
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center "E. Piaggio", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Žan Zelič
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Sebastiani
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrica L Santarcangelo
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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8
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Xie M, Ding N, Zhang Y, Qin P. Dual interaction between heartbeat-evoked responses and stimuli. Neuroimage 2023; 266:119817. [PMID: 36535320 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heartbeat-evoked responses (HERs) can interact with external stimuli and play a crucial role in shaping perception, self-related processes, and emotional processes. On the one hand, the external stimulus could modulate HERs. On the other hand, the HERs could affect cognitive processing of the external stimulus. Whether the same neural mechanism underlies these two processes, however, remains unclear. Here, we investigated this interactive mechanism by measuring HERs using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and two name perception tasks. Specifically, we tested (1) how hearing a subject's own name (SON) modulates HERs and (2) how the judgment of an SON is biased by prestimulus HERs. The results showed a dual interaction between HERs and SON. In particular, SON can modulate HERs for heartbeats occurring from 200 to 1200 ms after SON presentation. In addition, prestimulus HERs can bias the SON judgment when a stimulus is presented. Importantly, MEG activities from these two types of interactions differed in spatial and temporal patterns, suggesting that they may be associated with distinct neural pathways. These findings extend our understanding of brain-heart interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Musi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nai Ding
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences & Center for Neurobehavioral Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Pengmin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou, China.
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9
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Fedotchev AI. Correction of Stress-Induced States Using Sensory Stimulation Automatically Modulated by Endogenous Human Rhythms. NEUROSCIENCE AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 52:947-952. [PMID: 36373061 PMCID: PMC9638486 DOI: 10.1007/s11055-022-01322-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This article considers the dynamics of the development of a potential approach to correcting stress-induced states in humans, i.e., adaptive neurostimulation. The approach consists of presenting sensory stimulation automatically modulated by intrinsic rhythmic human processes such as the respiratory rhythm, the heartbeat rhythm, and electroencephalograph (EEG) rhythms. Many examples have shown that real-time self-adjustment of the stimulation parameters by these rhythms leads to a high level personalization of therapeutic stimulation and increases in its efficacy in suppressing stress-induced states. The publications reviewed here point to the advantages of this approach for developing innovatory technologies using complex feedback from endogenous human rhythms to correct a wide spectrum of functional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Fedotchev
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
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10
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Majeed U, Aftab MF, Baloch DM, Ahmed S, Yusuf IM, Hasan MA, Qureshi MS. Modulation of Heart and Brain Function by Surah Al-Rehman Recitation Among Distressed Diabetic Patients in Pakistan. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2022; 61:3852-3865. [PMID: 34554380 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Distress causes psychophysiological alterations that affect autonomic function. The current study explores psychophysiological modulation in diabetic distress in response to Surah Al-Rehman recitation. A single-group experimental study with before and after intervention assessments was conducted during April 2018 to February 2019 in which participants (n = 10) listened to Surah Al-Rehman recitation. Blood pressure, blood glucose, cortisol, ECG and EEG were recorded before and after recitation. Significant reduction in systolic blood pressure, increase in low frequency and absolute alpha power at Fp2 were observed. Heartbeat evoked potentials (HEP) were also significantly modulated at Fp1, Fp2 and F4. These findings suggest that Surah Al-Rehman modulated baroreflex activity thereby reducing sympathetic activity and improved heart brain coherence as reflected by HEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Majeed
- Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Rafiqui H.J. Shaheed Road, Karachi, Sindh, 75510, Pakistan
| | - Meha Fatima Aftab
- Dow Institute of Medical Technology, Dow University of Health Sciences, 111 Suparco Rd, Gulzar-e-Hijri Gulzar E Hijri Scheme 33, Karachi, Sindh, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Deedag Murad Baloch
- Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Rafiqui H.J. Shaheed Road, Karachi, Sindh, 75510, Pakistan
| | - Sana Ahmed
- Dow Institute of Medical Technology, Dow University of Health Sciences, 111 Suparco Rd, Gulzar-e-Hijri Gulzar E Hijri Scheme 33, Karachi, Sindh, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Imran M Yusuf
- Transformation International Society, SB-23 & 24، Main University Rd, Gulshan Block 13 C Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, 75300, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abul Hasan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Main University Rd, Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, 75270, Pakistan
- Neurocomputation Laboratory, National Center for Artificial Intelligence, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sameer Qureshi
- Dow Institute of Medical Technology, Dow University of Health Sciences, 111 Suparco Rd, Gulzar-e-Hijri Gulzar E Hijri Scheme 33, Karachi, Sindh, 75270, Pakistan
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11
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Kang SS, Sponheim SR, Lim KO. Interoception Underlies Therapeutic Effects of Mindfulness Meditation for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:793-804. [PMID: 34688923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness-based interventions have proven efficacy in treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the neurobiological mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects is unknown. As mindfulness meditation cultivates attention to the present moment and bodily sensations, neural functions related to interoception (i.e., central processes of bodily signals) might be such a mechanism. METHODS We conducted a clinical trial in which veterans with PTSD were randomly assigned to receive an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) intervention (n = 47) or an active control intervention (present-centered group therapy; n = 51). We assessed pre- and postintervention PTSD symptoms and electroencephalography measures of neural outcomes, including spontaneous brain activity, cognitive task-related brain responses, and interoceptive brain responses (heartbeat-evoked brain responses). We conducted statistical causal mediation analyses using treatment type as a predictor, pre- and postintervention measures of symptom severity as treatment response, and the neural outcomes as mediators. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the MBSR group had greater improvements in PTSD symptoms and increases in spontaneous alpha power (8-13 Hz), task-related frontal theta power (4-7 Hz in 140-220 ms after stimulus), and frontal theta heartbeat-evoked brain responses (3-5 Hz and 265-336 ms after R peak). The mediation analysis using latent difference score modeling revealed that only changes in frontal theta heartbeat-evoked brain responses mediated the MBSR treatment effect. CONCLUSIONS Mindfulness meditation improves brain functions of attentional control and resting brain states reflective of internally oriented relaxation. However, interoceptive neural functions enhanced by MBSR seem to be a primary cerebral mechanism that improves symptoms of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Suk Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri.
| | - Scott R Sponheim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kelvin O Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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12
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Hübner AM, Trempler I, Schubotz RI. Interindividual differences in interoception modulate behavior and brain responses in emotional inference. Neuroimage 2022; 261:119524. [PMID: 35907498 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional experiences are proposed to arise from contextualized perception of bodily responses, also referred to as interoceptive inferences. The recognition of emotions benefits from adequate access to one's own interoceptive information. However, direct empirical evidence of interoceptive inferences and their neural basis is still lacking. In the present fMRI study healthy volunteers performed a probabilistic emotion classification task with videotaped dynamically unfolding facial expressions. In a first step, we aimed to determine functional areas involved in the processing of dynamically unfolding emotional expressions. We then tested whether individuals with higher interoceptive accuracy (IAcc), as assessed by the Heartbeat detection task (HDT), or higher interoceptive sensitivity (IS), as assessed by the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness, Version 2 (MAIA-2), benefit more from the contextually given likelihood of emotional valence and whether brain regions reflecting individual IAcc and/or IS play a role in this. Individuals with higher IS benefitted more from the biased probability of emotional valence. Brain responses to more predictable emotions elicited a bilateral activity pattern comprising the inferior frontal gyrus and the posterior insula. Importantly, individual IAcc scores positively covaried with brain responses to more surprising and less predictable emotional expressions in the insula and caudate nucleus. We show for the first time that IAcc score is associated with enhanced processing of interoceptive prediction errors, particularly in the anterior insula. A higher IS score seems more likely to be associated with a stronger weighting of attention to interoceptive changes processed by the posterior insula and ventral prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ima Trempler
- Department of Psychology, University of Muenster, Germany; Otto-Creutzfeldt-Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Ricarda I Schubotz
- Department of Psychology, University of Muenster, Germany; Otto-Creutzfeldt-Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Germany
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13
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Mishra S, Srinivasan N, Tiwary US. Cardiac-Brain Dynamics Depend on Context Familiarity and Their Interaction Predicts Experience of Emotional Arousal. Brain Sci 2022; 12:702. [PMID: 35741588 PMCID: PMC9220998 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Our brain continuously interacts with the body as we engage with the world. Although we are mostly unaware of internal bodily processes, such as our heartbeats, they may be influenced by and in turn influence our perception and emotional feelings. Although there is a recent focus on understanding cardiac interoceptive activity and interaction with brain activity during emotion processing, the investigation of cardiac-brain interactions with more ecologically valid naturalistic emotional stimuli is still very limited. We also do not understand how an essential aspect of emotions, such as context familiarity, influences affective feelings and is linked to statistical interaction between cardiac and brain activity. Hence, to answer these questions, we designed an exploratory study by recording ECG and EEG signals for the emotional events while participants were watching emotional movie clips. Participants also rated their familiarity with the stimulus on the familiarity scale. Linear mixed effect modelling was performed in which the ECG power and familiarity were considered as predictors of EEG power. We focused on three brain regions, including prefrontal (PF), frontocentral (FC) and parietooccipital (PO). The analyses showed that the interaction between the power of cardiac activity in the mid-frequency range and the power in specific EEG bands is dependent on familiarity, such that the interaction is stronger with high familiarity. In addition, the results indicate that arousal is predicted by cardiac-brain interaction, which also depends on familiarity. The results support emotional theories that emphasize context dependency and interoception. Multimodal studies with more realistic stimuli would further enable us to understand and predict different aspects of emotional experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Mishra
- Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211012, India;
| | | | - Uma Shanker Tiwary
- Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211012, India;
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14
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Zhou H, Zou H, Dai Z, Zhao S, Hua L, Xia Y, Han Y, Yan R, Tang H, Huang Y, Du Y, Wang X, Yao Z, Lu Q. Interoception Dysfunction Contributes to the Negative Emotional Bias in Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:874859. [PMID: 35479498 PMCID: PMC9035634 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.874859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research studies have demonstrated that impaired interoception is involved in emotional information processing in major depressive disorder (MDD). Heartbeat-evoked potential (HEP) amplitudes, an index for interoception, could be manipulated by emotional faces in healthy people. Considering negative emotional bias is the core characteristic in MDD, we hypothesized that interoception dysfunction was associated with the negative emotional bias in MDD. Methods An electroencephalogram (EEG) study under an emotional faces task was applied to explore the relationship between interoception and emotional bias. HEPs before emotional faces stimuli were used to predict the late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes and it worked as an index of emotional bias. Twenty-seven patients with MDD and 27 healthy controls (HCs) participated in this study. Source analysis gave an auxiliary description for results in sensory level. Results Major depressive disorders (MDDs) had poor performance in the heartbeat count task (HCT) and attenuate HEP average amplitudes (455-550 ms). Compared with HCs, cluster-based permutation t-tests revealed that MDDs had attenuated LPP amplitudes (300-1,000 ms) over centroparietal regions and enhanced LPP amplitudes over frontocentral regions. Furthermore, abnormal attenuated HEPs could predict aberrant LPPs under sad face stimuli in MDDs, which could be associated with the dysfunction of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and right insula. Conclusion Mediated by ACC and insula, interoception dysfunction contributes to the negative emotional bias of MDD, highlighting the importance of interoception in the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haowen Zou
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongpeng Dai
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingling Hua
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingling Han
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinghong Huang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yishan Du
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijian Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Lu
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
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15
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Gatus A, Jamieson G, Stevenson B. Past and Future Explanations for Depersonalization and Derealization Disorder: A Role for Predictive Coding. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:744487. [PMID: 35321264 PMCID: PMC8934883 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.744487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Depersonalization (DP) and derealization (DR) refer to states of dissociation in which one feels a sense of alienation in relation to one's self and environment, respectively. Whilst transient episodes often diminish without treatment, chronic experiences of DP and DR may last for years, with common treatments lacking a strong evidence base for their efficacy. We propose a theoretical explanation of DP and DR based on interoceptive predictive coding, and discuss how transient experiences of DP and DR may be induced in the non-clinical population using virtual reality. Further, we review the use of heartbeat evoked potentials in detecting the neural correlates of DP and DR allowing for an objective measure of these experiences in the non-clinical population. Finally, we discuss how the induction and detection of transient experiences of DP and DR in the non-clinical population could shed light on how the brain constructs one's sense of self and reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Gatus
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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16
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Ren Q, Marshall AC, Schütz-Bosbach S. Response Inhibition is Disrupted by Interoceptive Processing at Cardiac Systole. Biol Psychol 2022; 170:108323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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17
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Marshall AC, Gentsch-Ebrahimzadeh A, Schütz-Bosbach S. From the inside out: Interoceptive feedback facilitates the integration of visceral signals for efficient sensory processing. Neuroimage 2022; 251:119011. [PMID: 35182753 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroscientific studies have mainly focused on the way humans perceive and interact with the external world. Recent work in the interoceptive domain indicates that the brain predictively models information from inside the body such as the heartbeat and that the efficiency with which this is executed can have implications for exteroceptive processing. However, to date direct evidence underpinning these hypotheses is lacking. Here, we show how the brain predictively refines neural resources to process afferent cardiac feedback and uses these interoceptive cues to enable more efficient processing of external sensory information. Participants completed a repetition-suppression paradigm consisting of a neutral repeating face. During the first face presentation, they heard auditory feedback of their heartbeat which either coincided with the systole of the cardiac cycle, the time at which cardiac events are registered by the brain or the diastole during which the brain receives no internal cardiac feedback. We used electroencephalography to measure the heartbeat evoked potential (HEP) as well as auditory (AEP) and visual evoked potentials (VEP). Exteroceptive cardiac feedback which coincided with the systole produced significantly higher HEP amplitudes relative to feedback timed to the diastole. Elevation of the HEP in this condition was followed by significant suppression of the VEP in response to the repeated neutral face and a stepwise decrease of AEP amplitude to repeated heartbeat feedback. Our results hereby show that exteroceptive heartbeat feedback coinciding with interoceptive signals at systole enhanced interoceptive cardiac processing. Furthermore, the same cue facilitating interoceptive integration enabled efficient suppression of a visual stimulus, as well as repetition suppression of the AEP across successive auditory heartbeat feedback. Our findings provide evidence that the alignment of external to internal signals can enhance the efficiency of interoceptive processing and that cues facilitating this process in either domain have beneficial effects for internal as well as external sensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Marshall
- Department of Psychology, General and Experimental Psychology Unit, LMU Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Simone Schütz-Bosbach
- Department of Psychology, General and Experimental Psychology Unit, LMU Munich, Germany
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18
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Poppa T, Benschop L, Horczak P, Vanderhasselt MA, Carrette E, Bechara A, Baeken C, Vonck K. Auricular transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation modulates the heart-evoked potential. Brain Stimul 2021; 15:260-269. [PMID: 34933143 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is active interest in biomarker discovery for transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS). However, greater understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms is needed to identify candidate markers. Accumulating evidence suggests that taVNS influences activity in solitary and parabrachial nuclei, the primary brainstem relays for the transmission of visceral sensory afferents to the insula. The insula mediates interoception, which concerns the representation and regulation of homeostatic bodily states. Consequently, interoceptive pathways may be relevant to taVNS mechanisms of action. HYPOTHESES We hypothesized that taVNS would modulate an EEG-derived marker of interoceptive processing known as the heart-evoked potential (HEP). We also hypothesized that taVNS-induced HEP effects would be localizable to the insula. METHODS Using a within-subject, sham-controlled design in 43 healthy adults, we recorded EEG and ECG concurrent to taVNS. Using ECG and EEG data, we extracted HEPs. Estimation of the cortical sources of the taVNS-dependent HEP responses observed at the scalp were computed using the Boundary Element Method and weighted Minimum Norm Estimation. Statistics were calculated using cluster-based permutation methods. RESULTS taVNS altered HEP amplitudes at frontocentral and centroparietal electrode sites at various latencies. The taVNS-dependent HEP effect was localized to the insula, operculum, somatosensory cortex, and orbital and ventromedial prefrontal regions. CONCLUSION The results support the hypothesis that taVNS can access the insula as well as functionally and anatomically connected ventral prefrontal regions. HEPs may serve as an objective, non-invasive outcome parameter for the cortical effects of taVNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha Poppa
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry Lab, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Lars Benschop
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry Lab, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Paula Horczak
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry Lab, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry Lab, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Evelien Carrette
- 4Brain, Neurology, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Antoine Bechara
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chris Baeken
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry Lab, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, Brussels University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands
| | - Kristl Vonck
- 4Brain, Neurology, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
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19
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Hübner AM, Trempler I, Gietmann C, Schubotz RI. Interoceptive sensibility predicts the ability to infer others' emotional states. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258089. [PMID: 34613976 PMCID: PMC8494315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotional sensations and inferring another's emotional states have been suggested to depend on predictive models of the causes of bodily sensations, so-called interoceptive inferences. In this framework, higher sensibility for interoceptive changes (IS) reflects higher precision of interoceptive signals. The present study examined the link between IS and emotion recognition, testing whether individuals with higher IS recognize others' emotions more easily and are more sensitive to learn from biased probabilities of emotional expressions. We recorded skin conductance responses (SCRs) from forty-six healthy volunteers performing a speeded-response task, which required them to indicate whether a neutral facial expression dynamically turned into a happy or fearful expression. Moreover, varying probabilities of emotional expressions by their block-wise base rate aimed to generate a bias for the more frequently encountered emotion. As a result, we found that individuals with higher IS showed lower thresholds for emotion recognition, reflected in decreased reaction times for emotional expressions especially of high intensity. Moreover, individuals with increased IS benefited more from a biased probability of an emotion, reflected in decreased reaction times for expected emotions. Lastly, weak evidence supporting a differential modulation of SCR by IS as a function of varying probabilities was found. Our results indicate that higher interoceptive sensibility facilitates the recognition of emotional changes and is accompanied by a more precise adaptation to emotion probabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie M. Hübner
- Department of Psychology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Ima Trempler
- Department of Psychology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Otto-Creutzfeldt-Center for Cognitive and Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Corinna Gietmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Ricarda I. Schubotz
- Department of Psychology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Otto-Creutzfeldt-Center for Cognitive and Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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20
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Simor P, Bogdány T, Bódizs R, Perakakis P. Cortical monitoring of cardiac activity during rapid eye movement sleep: the heartbeat evoked potential in phasic and tonic rapid-eye-movement microstates. Sleep 2021; 44:zsab100. [PMID: 33870427 PMCID: PMC8633618 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a fundamental physiological state that facilitates neural recovery during periods of attenuated sensory processing. On the other hand, mammalian sleep is also characterized by the interplay between periods of increased sleep depth and environmental alertness. Whereas the heterogeneity of microstates during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep was extensively studied in the last decades, transient microstates during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep received less attention. REM sleep features two distinct microstates: phasic and tonic. Previous studies indicate that sensory processing is largely diminished during phasic REM periods, whereas environmental alertness is partially reinstated when the brain switches into tonic REM sleep. Here, we investigated interoceptive processing as quantified by the heartbeat evoked potential (HEP) during REM microstates. We contrasted the HEPs of phasic and tonic REM periods using two separate databases that included the nighttime polysomnographic recordings of healthy young individuals (N = 20 and N = 19). We find a differential HEP modulation of a late HEP component (after 500 ms post-R-peak) between tonic and phasic REM. Moreover, the late tonic HEP component resembled the HEP found in resting wakefulness. Our results indicate that interoception with respect to cardiac signals is not uniform across REM microstates, and suggest that interoceptive processing is partially reinstated during tonic REM periods. The analyses of the HEP during REM sleep may shed new light on the organization and putative function of REM microstates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Simor
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- UR2NF, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN – Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI – ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tamás Bogdány
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Bódizs
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pandelis Perakakis
- Department of Social, Organisational, and Differential Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Brain, Mind, & Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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21
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Cervetto S, Díaz-Rivera M, Petroni A, Birba A, Caro MM, Sedeño L, Ibáñez A, García AM. The Neural Blending of Words and Movement: Event-Related Potential Signatures of Semantic and Action Processes during Motor-Language Coupling. J Cogn Neurosci 2021; 33:1413-1427. [PMID: 34496378 PMCID: PMC11115968 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral embodied research shows that words evoking limb-specific meanings can affect responses performed with the corresponding body part. However, no study has explored this phenomenon's neural dynamics under implicit processing conditions, let alone by disentangling its conceptual and motoric stages. Here, we examined whether the blending of hand actions and manual action verbs, relative to nonmanual action verbs and nonaction verbs, modulates electrophysiological markers of semantic integration (N400) and motor-related cortical potentials during a lexical decision task. Relative to both other categories, manual action verbs involved reduced posterior N400 amplitude and greater modulations of frontal motor-related cortical potentials. Such effects overlapped in a window of ∼380-440 msec after word presentation and ∼180 msec before response execution, revealing the possible time span in which both semantic and action-related stages reach maximal convergence. These results allow refining current models of motor-language coupling while affording new insights on embodied dynamics at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Cervetto
- Departamento de Educación Física y Salud, Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Mariano Díaz-Rivera
- Centro de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Petroni
- Instituto de Ingeniería Biomédica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Inteligencia Artificial Aplicada, Departamento de Computación, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, ICC-CONICET, Argentina
| | - Agustina Birba
- Centro de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miguel Martorell Caro
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas Sedeño
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Centro de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, United States, and Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Chile
| | - Adolfo M García
- Centro de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, United States, and Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Faculty of Education, National University of Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina
- Departamento de Lingüística y Literatura, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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22
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Fedotchev A, Parin S, Polevaya S, Zemlianaia A. Human Body Rhythms in the Development of Non-Invasive Methods of Closed-Loop Adaptive Neurostimulation. J Pers Med 2021; 11:437. [PMID: 34065196 PMCID: PMC8161182 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11050437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The creation and improvement of non-invasive closed-loop brain stimulation technologies represent an exciting and rapidly expanding field of neuroscience. To identify the appropriate way to close the feedback loop in adaptive neurostimulation procedures, it was previously proposed to use on-line automatic sensory stimulation with the parameters modulated by the patient's own rhythmical processes, such as respiratory rate, heart rate, and electroencephalogram (EEG) rhythms. The current paper aims to analyze several recent studies demonstrating further development in this line of research. The advantages of using automatic closed-loop feedback from human endogenous rhythms in non-invasive adaptive neurostimulation procedures have been demonstrated for relaxation assistance, for the correction of stress-induced functional disturbances, for anxiety management, and for the cognitive rehabilitation of an individual. Several distinctive features of the approach are noted to delineate its further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Fedotchev
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Institutskaya St., Pushchino, 142290 Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Sergey Parin
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, 23 Prospekt Gagarina, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Sofia Polevaya
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, 23 Prospekt Gagarina, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Anna Zemlianaia
- Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Branch of the Serbsky’ National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, Russian Ministry of Health, 3 Poteshnaya St., 107076 Moscow, Russia;
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23
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Richter F, García AM, Rodriguez Arriagada N, Yoris A, Birba A, Huepe D, Zimmer H, Ibáñez A, Sedeño L. Behavioral and neurophysiological signatures of interoceptive enhancements following vagus nerve stimulation. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:1227-1242. [PMID: 33325575 PMCID: PMC7927286 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
An accruing body of research has shown that interoception (the sensing of signals from the body's internal milieu) relies on both a direct route (afforded by the vagus nerve) and a secondary route (supported by somatosensory mechanisms). However, no study has causally tested the differential role of these pathways, let alone via direct stimulation. To bridge this gap, we tested whether multidimensional signatures of interoception are modulated by noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS). Sixty-three participants were divided into an nVNS and a sham-stimulation group. Before and after stimulation, both groups performed a validated heartbeat detection (HBD) task including a genuinely interoceptive condition (monitoring one's own heartbeat) and a control exteroceptive condition (tracking an aurally presented heartbeat). Electroencephalographic signals were obtained during both conditions to examine modulations of the heartbeat-evoked potential (HEP). Moreover, before and after stimulation, participants were asked to complete a somatosensory heartbeat localization task. Results from the interoceptive condition revealed that, after treatment, only the nVNS group exhibited improved performance and greater HEP modulations. No behavioral differences were found for the exteroceptive control condition, which was nonetheless associated with significant HEP modulations. Finally, no between-group differences were observed regarding the localization of the heartbeat sensations or relevant cardiodynamic variables (heart rate and or heart rate variability). Taken together, these results constitute unprecedented evidence that the vagus nerve plays a direct role in neurovisceral integration during interoception. This finding can constrain mechanistic models of the domain while informing a promising transdiagnostic agenda for interoceptive impairments across neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Richter
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Adolfo M. García
- Universidad de San AndrésBuenos AiresArgentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)Buenos AiresArgentina
- Faculty of EducationNational University of Cuyo (UNCuyo)MendozaArgentina
- Global Brain Health InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nicolas Rodriguez Arriagada
- Universidad de San AndrésBuenos AiresArgentina
- Faculty of PsychologyUniversity of Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Adrian Yoris
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)Buenos AiresArgentina
- Institute of Translational and Cognitive Neuroscience (INECO Foundation Favaloro‐University‐CONICET)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Agustina Birba
- Universidad de San AndrésBuenos AiresArgentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - David Huepe
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of PsychologyUniversidad Adolfo IbáñezSantiagoChile
| | - Heinz Zimmer
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Universidad de San AndrésBuenos AiresArgentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)Buenos AiresArgentina
- Global Brain Health InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of PsychologyUniversidad Adolfo IbáñezSantiagoChile
- Universidad Autónoma del CaribeBarranquillaColombia
| | - Lucas Sedeño
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)Buenos AiresArgentina
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24
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Coll MP, Hobson H, Bird G, Murphy J. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between the heartbeat-evoked potential and interoception. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 122:190-200. [PMID: 33450331 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Heartbeat Evoked Potential (HEP) has been proposed as a neurophysiological marker of interoceptive processing. Despite its use to validate interoceptive measures and to assess interoceptive functioning in clinical groups, the empirical evidence for a relationship between HEP amplitude and interoceptive processing, including measures of such processing, is scattered across several studies with varied designs. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the body of HEP-interoception research, and consider the associations the HEP shows with various direct and indirect measures of interoception, and how it is affected by manipulations of interoceptive processing. Specifically, we assessed the effect on HEP amplitude of manipulating attention to the heartbeat; manipulating participants' arousal; the association between the HEP and behavioural measures of cardiac interoception; and comparisons between healthy and clinical groups. Following database searches and screening, 45 studies were included in the systematic review and 42 in the meta-analyses. We noted variations in the ways individual studies have attempted to address key confounds, particularly the cardiac field artefact. Meta-analytic summaries indicated there were moderate to large effects of attention, arousal, and clinical status on the HEP, and a moderate association between HEP amplitude and behavioural measures of interoception. Problematically, the reliability of the meta-analytic effects documented here remain unknown, given the lack of standardised protocols for measuring the HEP. Thus, it is possible effects are driven by confounds such as cardiac factors or somatosensory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel-Pierre Coll
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College, Montreal, H3A1G1, Canada.
| | - Hannah Hobson
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Geoffrey Bird
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2, UK.
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK.
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25
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Kaiser J, Belenya R, Chung WY, Gentsch A, Schütz-Bosbach S. Learning something new versus changing your ways: Distinct effects on midfrontal oscillations and cardiac activity for learning and flexible adjustments. Neuroimage 2020; 226:117550. [PMID: 33186724 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We need to be able to learn new behaviour, but also be capable of changing existing routines, when they start conflicting with our long-term goals. Little is known about to what extent blank-slate learning of new and adjustment of existing behavioural routines rely on different neural and bodily mechanisms. In the current study, participants first acquired novel stimulus-response contingencies, which were subsequently randomly changed to create the need for flexible adjustments. We measured midfrontal theta oscillations via EEG as an indicator of neural conflict processing, as well as heart rate as a proxy of autonomic activity. Participants' trial-wise learning progress was estimated via computation modelling. Theta power and heart rate significantly differed between correct and incorrect trials. Differences between correct and incorrect trials in both neural and cardiac feedback processing were more pronounced for adjustments compared to blank-slate learning. This indicates that both midfrontal and cardiac processing are sensitive to changes in stimulus-response contingencies. Increases in individual learning rates predicted lower impact of performance feedback on midfrontal theta power, but higher impact on heart rate. This suggests that cardiac and midfrontal reactivity are partially reflective of different mechanisms related to feedback learning. Our results shed new light on the role of neural and autonomic mechanisms for learning and behavioural adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Kaiser
- Ludwig-Maximilian-University, General and Experimental Psychology, Leopoldstr. 13, D-80802 Munich, Germany.
| | - Roman Belenya
- Ludwig-Maximilian-University, General and Experimental Psychology, Leopoldstr. 13, D-80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Wai-Ying Chung
- Ludwig-Maximilian-University, General and Experimental Psychology, Leopoldstr. 13, D-80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Antje Gentsch
- Ludwig-Maximilian-University, General and Experimental Psychology, Leopoldstr. 13, D-80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Schütz-Bosbach
- Ludwig-Maximilian-University, General and Experimental Psychology, Leopoldstr. 13, D-80802 Munich, Germany
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26
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Mai-Lippold SA, Dettlinger CM, Khalsa SS, Pollatos O. A Pilot Study on the Effect of an Energy Drink on Interoception in High vs. Low Anxiety Sensitivity Individuals. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Background: The market for energy drinks has grown quickly over the past 20 years. While the physiological and psychological effects of different ingredients have been studied, the influence of energy drinks on interoceptive processes is unclear. Anxiety has been associated with amplified interoceptive functioning, suggesting potentially exaggerated reactions to energy drinks. Aims: Investigate the effect of energy drink consumption and anxiety sensitivity (AS) as well as their possible interactions on cardiorespiratory dimensions of interoception. Method: Thirty-nine healthy students consumed an energy drink via a placebo-controlled, counterbalanced, crossover design. Cardiac and respiratory interoceptive accuracy (IAcc), interoceptive sensibility (IS), and interoceptive evaluation (IE) were assessed. Heartbeat-evoked potentials (HEPs) were analyzed to evaluate neural processing of the heartbeat. Results: Consumption of one energy drink did not influence IAcc, IS, or IE. However, high AS subjects reported reduced interoceptive confidence after energy drink intake. While HEP amplitudes did not differ depending on the type of drink, high AS subjects showed reduced HEPs overall compared to low AS subjects. Heart rate was significantly lower following energy drink consumption as compared to the placebo condition. Limitations: The sample size was small, energy dosages low, and physiological parameters should be assessed in more detail. Conclusion: Energy drink consumption was associated with an interoceptive bias in high AS individuals suggesting possible interaction effects between changes in physical state, interoception, and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sahib S. Khalsa
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, University of Tulsa, OK, USA
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Olga Pollatos
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Ulm University, Germany
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27
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Yoris A, Legaz A, Abrevaya S, Alarco S, López Peláez J, Sánchez R, García AM, Ibáñez A, Sedeño L. Multicentric evidence of emotional impairments in hypertensive heart disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14131. [PMID: 32839479 PMCID: PMC7445248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying emotional alterations constitute a key research target in neuroscience. Emerging evidence indicates that these disruptions can be related to abnormal interoception (i.e., the sensing of visceral feelings), as observed in patients with cardiodynamic deficits. To directly assess these links, we performed the first multicenter study on emotion recognition and interoception in patients with hypertensive heart disease (HHD). Participants from two countries completed a facial emotion recognition test, and a subsample additionally underwent an interoception protocol based on a validated heartbeat detection task. HHD patients from both countries presented deficits in the recognition of overall and negative emotions. Moreover, interoceptive performance was impaired in the HHD group. In addition, a significant association between interoceptive performance and emotion recognition was observed in the control group, but this relation was abolished in the HHD group. All results survived after covariance with cognitive status measures, suggesting they were not biased by general cognitive deficits in the patients. Taken together, these findings suggest that emotional recognition alterations could represent a sui generis deficit in HHD, and that it may be partially explained by the disruption of mechanisms subserving the integration of neuro-visceral signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Yoris
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Pacheco de Melo 1860, C1126AAB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Legaz
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Pacheco de Melo 1860, C1126AAB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofía Abrevaya
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Pacheco de Melo 1860, C1126AAB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofía Alarco
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Ramiro Sánchez
- Metabolic and Arterial Hypertension Unit, Favaloro Foundation Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adolfo M García
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Pacheco de Melo 1860, C1126AAB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Faculty of Education, National University of Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina
- Departamento de Lingüística y Literatura, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Pacheco de Melo 1860, C1126AAB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Barranquilla, Colombia
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lucas Sedeño
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Pacheco de Melo 1860, C1126AAB, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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28
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Paciorek A, Skora L. Vagus Nerve Stimulation as a Gateway to Interoception. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1659. [PMID: 32849014 PMCID: PMC7403209 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The last two decades have seen a growing interest in the study of interoception. Interoception can be understood as a hierarchical phenomenon, referring to the body-to-brain communication of internal signals, their sensing, encoding, and representation in the brain, influence on other cognitive and affective processes, and their conscious perception. Interoceptive signals have been notoriously challenging to manipulate in experimental settings. Here, we propose that this can be achieved through electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve (either in an invasive or non-invasive fashion). The vagus nerve is the main pathway for conveying information about the internal condition of the body to the brain. Despite its intrinsic involvement in interoception, surprisingly little research in the field has used Vagus Nerve Stimulation to explicitly modulate bodily signals. Here, we review a range of cognitive, affective and clinical research using Vagus Nerve Stimulation, showing that it can be applied to the study of interoception at each level of its hierarchy. This could have considerable implications for our understanding of the interoceptive dimension of cognition and affect in both health and disease, and lead to development of new therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lina Skora
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom.,School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
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29
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Schmitz M, Müller LE, Schulz A, Kleindienst N, Herpertz SC, Bertsch K. Heart and brain: Cortical representation of cardiac signals is disturbed in borderline personality disorder, but unaffected by oxytocin administration. J Affect Disord 2020; 264:24-28. [PMID: 31846808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional dysregulation, a core feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD) has recently been linked to deficits in the cortical representation of bodily signals. Oxytocin modulates the salience of external social cues. However, its role in interoception is still not fully understood. The aim of the current study was to replicate reduced heartbeat-evoked potentials (HEPs) as a marker for the cortical representation of cardiac signals in BPD and to explore potential effects of oxytocin on HEP amplitude. METHODS Fifty-three medication-free women with a DSM-IV diagnosis of BPD and sixty healthy female controls (HCs) participated in the study. In a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial, participants self-administered either 24 I.U. of oxytocin or placebo and took part in a 5-minute resting-state electrocardiogram (ECG) with parallel electroencephalogram (EEG) measurement. In addition, emotional dysregulation and BPD symptomatology were assessed with self-report questionnaires. RESULTS Patients with BPD had significantly lower mean HEP amplitudes than HCs. Furthermore, HEP amplitudes were negatively correlated with emotional dysregulation in the whole sample. However, oxytocin had no significant effect on HEP amplitude. LIMITATIONS Only female participants were investigated and no clinicial controls were included. CONCLUSIONS This is the first replication from an independent sample showing a reduced cortical representation of cardiac signals in BPD patients. This, together with other body-related symptoms, suggests deficits in the processing of bodily signals, which seem to be associated with emotional dysregulation. Whether oxytocin influences HEP during emotion regulation tasks needs to be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Schmitz
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura E Müller
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - André Schulz
- Institute for Health and Behavior, Research Unit INSIDE, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Nikolaus Kleindienst
- Institute of Psychiatric and Psychosomatic Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Sabine C Herpertz
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Bertsch
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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30
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Whitehead K, Jones L, Laudiano-Dray MP, Meek J, Fabrizi L. Event-related potentials following contraction of respiratory muscles in pre-term and full-term infants. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:2216-2221. [PMID: 31677560 PMCID: PMC6907098 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Involuntary isolated body movements are prominent in pre-term and full-term infants. Proprioceptive and tactile afferent feedback following limb muscle contractions is associated with somatotopic EEG responses. Involuntary contractions of respiratory muscles, primarily the diaphragm - hiccups - are also frequent throughout the human perinatal period during active behavioural states. Here we tested whether diaphragm contraction provides afferent input to the developing brain, as following limb muscle contraction. METHODS In 13 infants on the neonatal ward (30-42 weeks corrected gestational age), we analysed EEG activity (18-electrode recordings in six subjects; 17-electrode recordings in five subjects; 16-electrode recordings in two subjects), time-locked to diaphragm contractions (n = 1316) recorded with a movement transducer affixed to the trunk. RESULTS All bouts of hiccups occurred during wakefulness or active sleep. Each diaphragm contraction evoked two initial event-related potentials with negativity predominantly across the central region, and a third event-related potential with positivity maximal across the central region. CONCLUSIONS Involuntary contraction of the diaphragm can be encoded by the brain from as early as ten weeks prior to the average time of birth. SIGNIFICANCE Hiccups - frequently observed in neonates - can provide afferent input to developing sensory cortices in pre-term and full-term infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Whitehead
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| | - Laura Jones
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| | - Maria Pureza Laudiano-Dray
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| | - Judith Meek
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Obstetric Wing, University College London Hospitals, London WC1E 6DB, United Kingdom.
| | - Lorenzo Fabrizi
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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31
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Heartbeat-evoked cortical responses: Underlying mechanisms, functional roles, and methodological considerations. Neuroimage 2019; 197:502-511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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32
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Gu X, FitzGerald THB, Friston KJ. Modeling subjective belief states in computational psychiatry: interoceptive inference as a candidate framework. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2405-2412. [PMID: 31230144 PMCID: PMC6697568 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05300-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The nascent field computational psychiatry has undergone exponential growth since its inception. To date, much of the published work has focused on choice behaviors, which are primarily modeled within a reinforcement learning framework. While this initial normative effort represents a milestone in psychiatry research, the reality is that many psychiatric disorders are defined by disturbances in subjective states (e.g., depression, anxiety) and associated beliefs (e.g., dysmorphophobia, paranoid ideation), which are not considered in normative models. In this paper, we present interoceptive inference as a candidate framework for modeling subjective-and associated belief-states in computational psychiatry. We first introduce the notion and significance of modeling subjective states in computational psychiatry. Next, we present the interoceptive inference framework, and in particular focus on the relationship between interoceptive inference (i.e., belief updating) and emotions. Lastly, we will use drug craving as an example of subjective states to demonstrate the feasibility of using interoceptive inference to model the psychopathology of subjective states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosi Gu
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC VISN 2) at the James J. Peter Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Thomas H B FitzGerald
- School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, England
- Max Planck-UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Russell Square House, London, WC1B 5EH, UK
| | - Karl J Friston
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, England
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33
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Visceral Signals Shape Brain Dynamics and Cognition. Trends Cogn Sci 2019; 23:488-509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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34
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Gentsch A, Sel A, Marshall AC, Schütz-Bosbach S. Affective interoceptive inference: Evidence from heart-beat evoked brain potentials. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:20-33. [PMID: 30159945 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The perception of internal bodily signals (interoception) is central to many theories of emotion and embodied cognition. According to recent theoretical views, the sensory processing of visceral signals such as one's own heartbeat is determined by top-down predictions about the expected interoceptive state of the body (interoceptive inference). In this EEG study we examined neural responses to heartbeats following expected and unexpected emotional stimuli. We used a modified stimulus repetition task in which pairs of facial expressions were presented with repeating or alternating emotional content, and we manipulated the emotional valence and the likelihood of stimulus repetition. We found that affective predictions of external socially relevant information modulated the heartbeat-evoked potential, a marker of cardiac interoception. Crucially, the HEP changes highly relied on the expected emotional content of the facial expression. Thus, expected negative faces led to a decreased HEP amplitude, whereas such an effect was not observed after an expected neutral face. These results suggest that valence-specific affective predictions, and their uniquely associated predicted bodily sensory state, can reduce or amplify cardiac interoceptive responses. In addition, the affective repetition effects were dependent on repetition probability, highlighting the influence of top-down exteroceptive predictions on interoception. Our results are in line with recent models of interoception supporting the idea that predicted bodily states influence sensory processing of salient external information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Gentsch
- Department of Psychology, General and Experimental Psychology Unit, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Alejandra Sel
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda C Marshall
- Department of Psychology, General and Experimental Psychology Unit, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Schütz-Bosbach
- Department of Psychology, General and Experimental Psychology Unit, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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