1
|
Chen RJ, Chen MC, Tsai BCK, Roy R, Chang YR, Wang TF, Kuo WW, Kuo CH, Yao CH, Li CC, Huang CY. Ligustrazine improves the compensative effect of Akt survival signaling to protect liver Kupffer cells in trauma-hemorrhagic shock rats. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:1399-1408. [PMID: 37612133 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Trauma-hemorrhagic shock (THS) is a medical emergency that is encountered by physicians in the emergency department. Chuan Xiong is a traditional Chinese medicine and ligustrazine is a natural compound from it. Ligustrazine improves coronary blood flow and reduces cardiac ischemia in animals through Ca2+ and ATP-dependent vascular relaxation. It also decreases the platelets' bioactivity and reduces reactive oxygen species formation. We hypothesized that ligustrazine could protect liver by decreasing the inflammation response, protein production, and apoptosis in THS rats. Ligustrazine at doses of 100 and 1000 μg/mL was administrated in Kupffer cells isolated from THS rats. The protein expressions were detected via western blot. The THS showed increased inflammation response proteins, mitochondria-dependent apoptosis proteins, and had a compensation effect on the Akt pathway. After ligustrazine treatment, the hemorrhagic shock Kupffer cells decreased inflammatory response and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and promoted a more compensative effect of the Akt pathway. It suggests ligustrazine reduces inflammation response and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis induced by THS in liver Kupffer cells and promotes more survival effects by elevating the Akt pathway. These findings demonstrate the beneficial effects of ligustrazine against THS-induced hepatic injury, and ligustrazine could be a potential medication to treat the liver injury caused by THS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bruce Chi-Kang Tsai
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Rakesh Roy
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Chang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tso-Fu Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsu Yao
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Biomaterials Translational Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Li
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Center of Stem Cell & Precision Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Knorr J, Kaufmann B, Inzaugarat ME, Holtmann TM, Geisler L, Hundertmark J, Kohlhepp MS, Boosheri LM, Chilin‐Fuentes DR, Birmingham A, Fisch KM, Schilling JD, Loosen SH, Trautwein C, Roderburg C, Demir M, Tacke F, Hoffman HM, Feldstein AE, Wree A. Interleukin-18 signaling promotes activation of hepatic stellate cells in mouse liver fibrosis. Hepatology 2023; 77:1968-1982. [PMID: 36059147 PMCID: PMC9984672 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor-family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation has been shown to result in liver fibrosis. Mechanisms and downstream signaling remain incompletely understood. Here, we studied the role of IL-18 in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and its impact on liver fibrosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS We observed significantly increased serum levels of IL-18 (128.4 pg/ml vs. 74.9 pg/ml) and IL-18 binding protein (BP; 46.50 ng/ml vs. 15.35 ng/ml) in patients with liver cirrhosis compared with healthy controls. Single cell RNA sequencing data showed that an immunoregulatory subset of murine HSCs highly expresses Il18 and Il18r1 . Treatment of cultured primary murine HSC with recombinant mouse IL-18 accelerated their transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts. In vivo , IL-18 receptor-deficient mice had reduced liver fibrosis in a model of fibrosis induced by HSC-specific NLRP3 overactivation. Whole liver RNA sequencing analysis from a murine model of severe NASH-induced fibrosis by feeding a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high fat diet showed that genes related to IL-18 and its downstream signaling were significantly upregulated, and Il18-/- mice receiving this diet for 10 weeks showed protection from fibrotic changes with decreased number of alpha smooth muscle actin-positive cells and collagen deposition. HSC activation triggered by NLRP3 inflammasome activation was abrogated when IL-18 signaling was blocked by its naturally occurring antagonist IL-18BP. Accordingly, we observed that the severe inflammatory phenotype associated with myeloid cell-specific NLRP3 gain-of-function was rescued by IL-18BP. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the role of IL-18 in the development of liver fibrosis by its direct effect on HSC activation identifying IL-18 as a target to treat liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Knorr
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kaufmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego California, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Theresa Maria Holtmann
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Geisler
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Hundertmark
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marlene Sophia Kohlhepp
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laela M. Boosheri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Daisy R. Chilin‐Fuentes
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Amanda Birmingham
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Fisch
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Joel D. Schilling
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sven H. Loosen
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Münevver Demir
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hal M. Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ariel E. Feldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Alexander Wree
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego California, San Diego, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Beetz O, Cammann S, Weigle CA, Sieg L, Eismann H, Johanning K, Falk CS, Krech T, Oldhafer F, Vondran FWR. Interleukin-18 and High-Mobility-Group-Protein B1 are Early and Sensitive Indicators for Cell Damage During Normothermic Machine Perfusion after Prolonged Cold Ischemic Storage of Porcine Liver Grafts. Transpl Int 2022; 35:10712. [PMID: 36338535 PMCID: PMC9630326 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2022.10712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the era of organ machine perfusion, experimental models to optimize reconditioning of (marginal) liver grafts are needed. Although the relevance of cytokine signatures in liver transplantation has been analyzed previously, the significance of molecular monitoring during normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) remains elusive. Therefore, we developed a porcine model of cold ischemic liver graft injury after prolonged static cold storage (SCS) and subsequent NMP: Livers obtained from ten minipigs underwent NMP for 6 h directly after procurement (control group) or after 20 h of SCS. Grafts after prolonged SCS showed significantly elevated AST, ALT, GLDH and GGT perfusate concentrations, and reduced lactate clearance. Bile analyses revealed reduced bile production, reduced bicarbonate and elevated glucose concentrations after prolonged SCS. Cytokine analyses of graft perfusate simultaneously demonstrated an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin-1α, Interleukin-2, and particularly Interleukin-18. The latter was the only significantly elevated cytokine compared to controls, peaking as early as 2 h after reperfusion (11,012 ng/ml vs. 1,493 ng/ml; p = 0.029). Also, concentrations of High-Mobility-Group-Protein B1 were significantly elevated after 2 h of reperfusion (706.00 ng/ml vs. 148.20 ng/ml; p < 0.001) and showed positive correlations with AST (r2 = 0.846) and GLDH (r2 = 0.918) levels. Molecular analyses during reconditioning of liver grafts provide insights into the degree of inflammation and cell damage and could thereby facilitate future interventions during NMP reducing acute and chronic graft injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Beetz
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Cammann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Clara A. Weigle
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lion Sieg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hendrik Eismann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai Johanning
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine S. Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, DZIF, TTU-IICH Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research DZL, BREATH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Oldhafer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian W. R. Vondran
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Florian W. R. Vondran, , orcid.org/0000-0001-8355-5017
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu J, Wang Y, Pan Q, Chen X, Qu Y, Zhu H, Zheng L, Fan Y. [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] Enkephalin Attenuates Hepatic Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in Cirrhotic Rats. Front Surg 2022; 9:839296. [PMID: 35599785 PMCID: PMC9121017 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.839296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common phenomenon that occurs after liver transplantation and liver tumor surgery. It can cause liver dysfunction and recovery failure after liver surgery, even leading to acute liver failure. Our aim is to investigate the protective effect and related potential mechanism of [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE) treatment on hepatic IRI in cirrhotic livers of rats. Methods The models of liver cirrhosis and hepatic IRI were established with male Sprague–Dawley rats. DADLE at a dose series of 0.5, 1, or 5 mg·kg−1 was injected intravenously to rats 10 min prior hepatic ischemia, followed by a 6- h reperfusion. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), histological changes, and liver cell apoptosis were used to assess liver IRI. The optimal dose of DADLE was assessed by using the Suzuki score and ALT and AST levels. We repeated the hepatic IRI procedure on the optimal dose of the DADLE group and the delta opioid receptor (DOR) antagonist natrindole hydrochloride (NTD) injection group. Serum ALT and AST levels, histological staining, hepatic apoptosis, and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 β (IL-1β) were measured. The expression of protein kinase B (Akt) and its downstream proteins were evaluated by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain action (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. Results Compared with the control group, DADLE treatment at a dose of 5 mg·kg−1 reduced the Suzuki score (mean: 5.8, range: 5.0–6.6 vs. mean: 8.0, range: 7.0–8.9), the ALT level (134.3 ± 44.7 vs. 247.8 ± 104.6), and the AST (297.1 ± 112.7 vs. 660.8 ± 104.3) level. DOR antagonist NTD aggravated hepatic IRI. Compared with the control group, DADLE treatment decreased the number of apoptosis cells and microphages and neutrophils, increased the expression of Akt and its mRNA to much higher levels, and upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2-associated death promoter (BAD). Conclusion DADLE treatment at a dose of 5 mg·kg−1 injected intravenously 10 min prior hepatic ischemia could contain rats’ hepatic IRI by activating DOR in cirrhotic livers. The effects of DADLE could be offset by NTD. The potential molecular mechanism seems to be involved in the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway.
Collapse
|
5
|
Franko JJ, Vu MM, Parsons ME, Conner JR, Lammers DT, Ieronimakis N, Reynolds GD, Eckert MJ, Bingham JR. Adenosine, lidocaine, and magnesium for attenuating ischemia reperfusion injury from resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in a porcine model. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2022; 92:631-639. [PMID: 34840271 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000003482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimally invasive resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) following noncompressible hemorrhage results in significant ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Adverse outcomes from IRI include organ dysfunction and can result in profound hemodynamic and molecular compromise. We hypothesized that adenosine, lidocaine, and magnesium (ALM) attenuates organ injury and inflammation responses following REBOA IRI in a porcine model of hemorrhage. METHODS Animals underwent a 20% controlled hemorrhage followed by 45 minutes of supraceliac balloon occlusion. They were randomized into two groups: control (n = 9) and ALM intervention (n = 9) to include a posthemorrhage, pre-REBOA bolus (200 mL of 3% NaCl ALM) followed by a continuous drip (2 mL/kg per hour of 0.9% NaCl ALM) during the 4-hour resuscitative period. Primary outcomes included hemodynamic parameters, gene expression of inflammatory signaling molecules, and plasma concentrations of select cytokines and chemokines. RESULTS The ALM cohort demonstrated a significant reduction in cardiac output and cardiac index. Plasma concentrations of interleukin 2 and interleukin 10 were significantly lower 3 hours post-REBOA in animals treated with ALM versus vehicle. Interleukin 4 levels in plasma were also lower with ALM at 3 and 4 hours post-REBOA (p < 0.05). Liver expression of IL1RN, MTOR, and LAMP3 messenger RNA was significantly lower with ALM as compared with the vehicle. No significant difference in large bowel gene expression was observed between treatments. CONCLUSION In a porcine model of hemorrhage, ALM treatment mitigated inflammatory responses early during post-REBOA resuscitation. Our findings suggest that ALM use with trauma may reduce inflammatory injury and improve outcomes related to REBOA utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jace J Franko
- From the Department of Surgery (J.J.F., M.M.V., M.E.P., J.R.C., D.T.L., N.I., G.D.R., J.R.B.), Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington; and Department of Surgery (M.J.E.), University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guan Y, Yao W, Yi K, Zheng C, Lv S, Tao Y, Hei Z, Li M. Nanotheranostics for the Management of Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007727. [PMID: 33852769 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), in which an insufficient oxygen supply followed by reperfusion leads to an inflammatory network and oxidative stress in disease tissue to cause cell death, always occurs after liver transplantations and sections. Although pharmacological treatments favorably prevent or protect the liver against experimental IRI, there have been few successes in clinical applications for patient benefits because of the incomprehension of complicated IRI-induced signaling events as well as short blood circulation time, poor solubility, and severe side reactions of most antioxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs. Nanomaterials can achieve targeted delivery and controllable release of contrast agents and therapeutic drugs in desired hepatic IRI regions for enhanced imaging sensitivity and improved therapeutic effects, emerging as novel alternative approaches for hepatic IRI diagnosis and therapy. In this review, the application of nanotechnology is summarized in the management of hepatic IRI, including nanomaterial-assisted hepatic IRI diagnosis, nanoparticulate systems-mediated remission of reactive oxygen species-induced tissue injury, and nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery systems for the alleviation of IRI-related inflammation. The current challenges and future perspectives of these nanoenabled strategies for hepatic IRI treatment are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guan
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Weifeng Yao
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ke Yi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Chunxiong Zheng
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Shixian Lv
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Yu Tao
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ziqing Hei
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhuang R, Chen M, Zhou Y, Cheng W, Zhang T, Ni Y, Guo C, Tu J, Jiang L. Virus-Mimicking Liposomal System Based on Dendritic Lipopeptides for Efficient Prevention Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in the Mouse Liver. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:215-222. [PMID: 35570790 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a pathophysiological and huge challenge during liver surgical procedures. Herein, virus-mimicking liposomal system based on dendritic lipopeptides for efficient prevention of IRI is reported. These virus-mimicking liposomes not only have virus-like nanostructures and components, but also possess virus-like infections to liver tissue, liver cells, and organelles. The distinguished features for prevention of IRI of viral mimics are as follows: (i) viral envelope-like structure to help avoid the host immune system; (ii) well-defined nanostructure and surface to improve the accumulated efficiency in liver tissue; (iii) viral capsids mimic to enhance liver cell uptake and achieve mitochondrial targeting. This type of virus-mimicking design makes prevention of IRI by drug-loading greatly exceed the control groups with high biocompatibility and facile manufacturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhuang
- Center for Research Development, Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mingqing Chen
- Center for Research Development, Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yinhui Zhou
- Center for Research Development, Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenjing Cheng
- Center for Research Development, Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tianhao Zhang
- Center for Research Development, Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yifei Ni
- Center for Research Development, Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chunhua Guo
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiasheng Tu
- Center for Research Development, Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Center for Research Development, Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu Y, Tang Y, Lu J, Zhang W, Zhu Y, Zhang S, Ma G, Jiang P, Zhang W. PINK1-mediated mitophagy protects against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by restraining NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:871-886. [PMID: 32947010 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Activation of nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in Kupffer cells (KCs) contributes significantly to hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, while the mechanism of how NLRP3 inflammasome is regulated remains less well defined. Recent evidence has showed that mitophagy acts as a central player for maintaining mitochondrial homeostatis through elimination of damaged mitochondria, leading to the prevention of hyperinflammation triggered by NLRP3 activation. In this study, we aimed at investigating the potential role of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)-mediated mitophagy in hepatic I/R injury. C57BL/6 mice subjected to partial warm hepatic I/R or primary KCs exposed to anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) was used as in vivo or in vitro model, respectively. Mitophagy was measured by protein levels of PINK1, Parkin, LC3B-II, TOMM20 and p62. NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β at mRNA and/or protein levels were used as indicators of inflammasome activation. Our results demonstrated remarkable hepatic inflammation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation during hepatic I/R, along with increased PINK1-mediated mitophagy. Notably, overexpression of PINK1 in vivo attenuated hepatic I/R injury, ROS production, NLRP3 activation and hepatic inflammation. In parallel, A/R challenge in vitro also triggered NLRP3 activation in KCs accompanied by increase in mitophagy. Enhanced mitophagy mediated by PINK1 overexpression further inhibited NLRP3 activation and reversed the KC-mediated inflammatory injury to hepatocytes. Kinase-dead mutation of PINK1 completely abolished the above protective effects by PINK1. Blocking of mitophagy/autophagy by silencing of PINK1/Parkin, ATG5, NDP52 or OPTN showed the totally opposite effects, respectively. Treatment with different autophagic inhibitors also consistently reversed the PINK1-mediated effects, suggesting that an intact PINK1-mediated mitophagy signaling was crucial for ablation of NLRP3 signaling in the presence of A/R. Together, these results support a critical role of PINK1-mediated mitophagy in mitochondrial quality control for KC activation and function in hepatic I/R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Department of Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yinbing Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jiawei Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Weiya Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Respiration, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shouliang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Gui Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Pengcheng Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang X, Liu Z, Shen L. [Isoflurane preconditioning inhibits caspase-11-related noncanonical pyroptosis pathway to alleviate hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:670-675. [PMID: 32897214 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.05.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the protective effect of isoflurane preconditioning on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury mediated by the noncanonical pyroptosis pathway. METHODS Thirty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group, isoflurane group and I/R group, and in the latter two groups, hepatic I/R injury was induced by clamping the portal vein for 30 min. In isoflurane group, the mice were pretreated with 1.4% isoflurane 30 min before the surgery. The protective effect of isoflurane preconditioning against hepatic I/R injury was evaluated by assessing the pathological score of HE staining of the liver tissue and serum ALT and AST levels. Serum IL-1β and IL-18 levels and the protein expression of GSDMS were detected by ELISA and Western blotting to evaluate the inhibitory effect of isoflurane preconditioning on pyroptosis. Western blotting and immunofluroescence were used to detect the protein expression of caspase-11 in the liver tissues to evaluate the inhibitory effect of isoflurane preconditioning on noncanonical pyroptosis pathway. RESULTS The Suzuki's score of the liver tissue was significantly higher in I/R group than in the sham group (P < 0.05), while the score in the isoflurane group was significantly lower than that in the I/R group (P < 0.05). Serum ALT and AST levels significantly increased in the sham group (P < 0.05), and were significantly lower in isoflurane group than in I/R group (P < 0.05). The serum levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly higher in I/R group than in sham group (P < 0.05), and were significantly lower in isoflurane group than in I/R group (P < 0.05). The expression of GSDMD in the I/R group was significantly higher than that in sham group, and was significantly lower in isoflurane group than in I/R group (P < 0.05). The hepatic expression of caspase-11 was significantly higher in I/R group than in sham group (P < 0.05), and was significantly lower in isoflurane group than in I/R group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Isoflurane preconditioning has protective effect against hepatic I/R injury, which is related to the inhibition of the noncanonical pyroptosis pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zuojin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Lijuan Shen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Al Mamun A, Akter A, Hossain S, Sarker T, Safa SA, Mustafa QG, Muhammad SA, Munir F. Role of NLRP3 inflammasome in liver disease. J Dig Dis 2020; 21:430-436. [PMID: 32585073 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes have become an important natural sensor of host immunity, and can protect various organs against pathogenic infections, metabolic syndromes, cellular stress and cancer metastasis. Inflammasomes are intracellular multi-protein complexes found in both parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells, stimulating the initiation of caspase-1 and interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 in response to cell danger signals. Inflammasomes induce cell death mechanisms. The potential role of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatitis, nanoparticle-induced liver injury and other liver diseases has recently attracted widespread attention from clinicians and researchers. In this review we summarize the role played by the NLRP3 inflammasome in molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms in the pathogenesis and progression of liver disease. This article aims to establish that targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome and other inflammasome components may make a significant therapeutic approach to the treatment of liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Afroza Akter
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Sukria Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tamanna Sarker
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Quazi G Mustafa
- School of International Studies, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Syed A Muhammad
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahaudin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Munir
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Oxidative stress in alcohol-related liver disease. World J Hepatol 2020. [DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i7.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
12
|
Tan HK, Yates E, Lilly K, Dhanda AD. Oxidative stress in alcohol-related liver disease. World J Hepatol 2020; 12:332-349. [PMID: 32821333 PMCID: PMC7407918 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i7.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is one of the leading causes of the global burden of disease and results in high healthcare and economic costs. Heavy alcohol misuse leads to alcohol-related liver disease, which is responsible for a significant proportion of alcohol-attributable deaths globally. Other than reducing alcohol consumption, there are currently no effective treatments for alcohol-related liver disease. Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance in the production and elimination of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants. It plays important roles in several aspects of alcohol-related liver disease pathogenesis. Here, we review how chronic alcohol use results in oxidative stress through increased metabolism via the cytochrome P450 2E1 system producing reactive oxygen species, acetaldehyde and protein and DNA adducts. These trigger inflammatory signaling pathways within the liver leading to expression of pro-inflammatory mediators causing hepatocyte apoptosis and necrosis. Reactive oxygen species exposure also results in mitochondrial stress within hepatocytes causing structural and functional dysregulation of mitochondria and upregulating apoptotic signaling. There is also evidence that oxidative stress as well as the direct effect of alcohol influences epigenetic regulation. Increased global histone methylation and acetylation and specific histone acetylation inhibits antioxidant responses and promotes expression of key pro-inflammatory genes. This review highlights aspects of the role of oxidative stress in disease pathogenesis that warrant further study including mitochondrial stress and epigenetic regulation. Improved understanding of these processes may identify novel targets for therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huey K Tan
- Hepatology Research Group, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL6 8BU, United Kingdom
- South West Liver Unit, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth PL6 8DH, United Kingdom
| | - Euan Yates
- Hepatology Research Group, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL6 8BU, United Kingdom
| | - Kristen Lilly
- Hepatology Research Group, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL6 8BU, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth PL6 8DH, United Kingdom
| | - Ashwin D Dhanda
- Hepatology Research Group, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL6 8BU, United Kingdom
- South West Liver Unit, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth PL6 8DH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Al Mamun A, Wu Y, Jia C, Munir F, Sathy KJ, Sarker T, Monalisa I, Zhou K, Xiao J. Role of pyroptosis in liver diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106489. [PMID: 32304992 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is known as a novel form of pro-inflammatory cell death program, which is exceptional from other types of cell death programs. Particularly, pyroptosis is characterized by Gasdermin family-mediated pore formation and subsequently cellular lysis, also release of several pro-inflammatory intracellular cytokines. In terms of mechanism, there are two signaling pathways involved in pyroptosis, including caspase-1, and caspase-4/5/11 mediated pathways. However, pyroptosis plays important roles in immune defense mechanisms. Recent studies have demonstrated that pyroptosis plays significant roles in the development of liver diseases. In our review, we have focused on the role of pyroptosis based on the molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms in the development of liver diseases. We have also highlighted targeting of pyroptosis for the therapeutic implications in liver diseases in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chang Jia
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fahad Munir
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kasfia Jahan Sathy
- Department of Pharmacy, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Tamanna Sarker
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Ilma Monalisa
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Kailiang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nakajima D, Watanabe Y, Ohsumi A, Pipkin M, Chen M, Mordant P, Kanou T, Saito T, Lam R, Coutinho R, Caldarone L, Juvet S, Martinu T, Iyer RK, Davies JE, Hwang DM, Waddell TK, Cypel M, Liu M, Keshavjee S. Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy during ex vivo lung perfusion ameliorates ischemia-reperfusion injury in lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019; 38:1214-1223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
15
|
Inflammasome-Mediated Inflammation in Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101131. [PMID: 31547621 PMCID: PMC6829519 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is an important cause of liver damage occurring during surgical procedures including hepatic resection and liver transplantation, and represents the main underlying cause of graft dysfunction and liver failure post-transplantation. To date, ischemia-reperfusion injury is an unsolved problem in clinical practice. In this context, inflammasome activation, recently described during ischemia-reperfusion injury, might be a potential therapeutic target to mitigate the clinical problems associated with liver transplantation and hepatic resections. The present review aims to summarize the current knowledge in inflammasome-mediated inflammation, describing the experimental models used to understand the molecular mechanisms of inflammasome in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, a clear distinction between steatotic and non-steatotic livers and between warm and cold ischemia-reperfusion injury will be discussed. Finally, the most updated therapeutic strategies, as well as some of the scientific controversies in the field will be described. Such information may be useful to guide the design of better experimental models, as well as the effective therapeutic strategies in liver surgery and transplantation that can succeed in achieving its clinical application.
Collapse
|
16
|
Victor AR, Nalin AP, Dong W, McClory S, Wei M, Mao C, Kladney RD, Youssef Y, Chan WK, Briercheck EL, Hughes T, Scoville SD, Pitarresi JR, Chen C, Manz S, Wu LC, Zhang J, Ostrowski MC, Freud AG, Leone GW, Caligiuri MA, Yu J. IL-18 Drives ILC3 Proliferation and Promotes IL-22 Production via NF-κB. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2017; 199:2333-2342. [PMID: 28842466 PMCID: PMC5624342 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are important regulators of the immune system, maintaining homeostasis in the presence of commensal bacteria, but activating immune defenses in response to microbial pathogens. ILC3s are a robust source of IL-22, a cytokine critical for stimulating the antimicrobial response. We sought to identify cytokines that can promote proliferation and induce or maintain IL-22 production by ILC3s and determine a molecular mechanism for this process. We identified IL-18 as a cytokine that cooperates with an ILC3 survival factor, IL-15, to induce proliferation of human ILC3s, as well as induce and maintain IL-22 production. To determine a mechanism of action, we examined the NF-κB pathway, which is activated by IL-18 signaling. We found that the NF-κB complex signaling component, p65, binds to the proximal region of the IL22 promoter and promotes transcriptional activity. Finally, we observed that CD11c+ dendritic cells expressing IL-18 are found in close proximity to ILC3s in human tonsils in situ. Therefore, we identify a new mechanism by which human ILC3s proliferate and produce IL-22, and identify NF-κB as a potential therapeutic target to be considered in pathologic states characterized by overproduction of IL-18 and/or IL-22.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R Victor
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Ansel P Nalin
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Wenjuan Dong
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Susan McClory
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Min Wei
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Charlene Mao
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Raleigh D Kladney
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Youssef Youssef
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Wing Keung Chan
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Edward L Briercheck
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Tiffany Hughes
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Steven D Scoville
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jason R Pitarresi
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Charlie Chen
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Sarah Manz
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Lai-Chu Wu
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Bioinformatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; and
| | - Michael C Ostrowski
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Aharon G Freud
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Gustavo W Leone
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210;
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jianhua Yu
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210;
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xu Y, Yao J, Zou C, Zhang H, Zhang S, Liu J, Ma G, Jiang P, Zhang W. Asiatic acid protects against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by inactivation of Kupffer cells via PPARγ/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:86339-86355. [PMID: 29156799 PMCID: PMC5689689 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) contributes to major complications in clinical practice affecting perioperative morbidity and mortality. Recent evidence suggests the key role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammaosme activation on the pathogenesis of I/R injury. Asiatic acid (AA) is a pentacyclic triterpene derivative presented with versatile activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammation and hepatoprotective effects. This study was designed to determine whether AA had potential hepatoprotective benefits against hepatic I/R injury, as well as to unveil the underlying mechanisms involved in the putative effects. Mice subjected to warm hepatic I/R, and Kupffer cells (KCs) or RAW264.7 cells challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/H2O2, were pretreated with AA. Administration of AA significantly attenuated hepatic histopathological damage, global inflammatory level, apoptotic signaling level, as well as NLRP3 inflammasome activation. These effects were correlated with increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Conversely, pharmacological inhibition of PPARγ by GW9662 abolished the protective effects of AA on hepatic I/R injury and in turn aggravated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome was most significant in nonparenchymal cells (NPCs). Depletion of KCs by gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) further attenuated the detrimental effects of GW9662 on hepatic I/R as well as NLRP3 activation. In vitro, AA concentration-dependently inhibited LPS/H2O2-induced NLRP3 inflammaosome activation in KCs and RAW264.7 cells. Either GW9662 or genetic knockdown of PPARγ abolished the AA-mediated inactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Mechanistically, AA attenuated I/R or LPS/H2O2-induced ROS production and phosphorylation level of JNK, p38 MAPK and IκBα but not ERK, a mechanism dependent on PPARγ. Finally, AA blocked the deleterious effects of LPS/H2O2-induced macrophage activation on hepatocyte viability in vitro, and improved survival in a lethal hepatic I/R injury model in vivo. Collectively, these data suggest that AA is effective in mitigating hepatic I/R injury through attenuation of KCs activation via PPARγ/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Department of Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chen Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shouliang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Gui Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Pengcheng Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Liver ischemia reperfusion activates innate immune system to drive the full development of inflammatory hepatocellular injury. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) stimulate myeloid and dendritic cells via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to initiate the immune response. Complex intracellular signaling network transduces inflammatory signaling to regulate both innate immune cell activation and parenchymal cell death. Recent studies have revealed that DAMPs may trigger not only proinflammatory but also immune regulatory responses by activating different PRRs or distinctive intracellular signaling pathways or in special cell populations. Additionally, tissue injury milieu activates PRR-independent receptors which also regulate inflammatory disease processes. Thus, the innate immune mechanism of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury involves diverse molecular and cellular interactions, subjected to both endogenous and exogenous regulation in different cells. A better understanding of these complicated regulatory pathways/network is imperative for us in designing safe and effective therapeutic strategy to ameliorate liver ischemia-reperfusion injury in patients.
Collapse
|
19
|
Witort E, Capaccioli S, Becatti M, Fiorillo C, Batignani G, Pavoni V, Piccini M, Orioli M, Carini M, Aldini G, Lulli M. Albumin Cys34 adducted by acrolein as a marker of oxidative stress in ischemia-reperfusion injury during hepatectomy. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:831-9. [PMID: 27089934 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1179736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to measure and identify the reactive carbonyl species (RCSs) released in the blood of humans subjected to hepatic resection. Pre-anesthesia malondialdehyde (MDA) plasma content (0.36 ± 0.11 nmol/mg protein) remained almost unchanged immediately after anaesthesia, before clamping and at the 10th min after ischemia, while markedly increased (to 0.59 ± 0.07 nmol/mg; p < 0.01, Tukey's post test) at the 10th min of reperfusion. A similar trend was observed for the protein carbonyls (PCs), whose pre-anesthesia levels (0.17 ± 0.13 nmol/mg) did not significantly change during ischemia, while increased more than fourfold at the 10th min of reperfusion (0.75 ± 0.17 nmol/mg; p < 0.01, Tukey's post test). RCSs were then identified as covalent adducts to the albumin Cys34, which we previously found as the most reactive protein nucleophilic site in plasma. By using a mass spectrometry (MS) approach based on precursor ion scanning, we found that acrolein (ACR) is the main RCS adducted to albumin Cys34. In basal conditions, the adducted albumin was 0.6 ± 0.4% of the native form but it increased by almost fourfold at the 10th min of reperfusion (2.3 ± 0.7%; p < 0.01, t-test analysis). Since RCSs are damaging molecules, we propose that RCSs, and ACR in particular, are new targets for novel molecular treatments aimed at reducing the ischemia/reperfusion damage by the use of RCS sequestering agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Witort
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Sergio Capaccioli
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Matteo Becatti
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Claudia Fiorillo
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Giacomo Batignani
- b Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Vittorio Pavoni
- c Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care , University-Hospital Careggi , Florence , Italy
| | - Matteo Piccini
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Marica Orioli
- d Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Marina Carini
- d Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- d Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Matteo Lulli
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ouzounidis N, Giakoustidis A, Poutahidis T, Angelopoulou K, Iliadis S, Chatzigiagkos A, Zacharioudaki A, Angelopoulos S, Papalois A, Papanikolaou V, Giakoustidis D. Interleukin 18 binding protein ameliorates ischemia/reperfusion-induced hepatic injury in mice. Liver Transpl 2016; 22:237-46. [PMID: 26479304 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation-associated oxidative stress contributes to hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Detrimental inflammatory event cascades largely depend on activated Kupffer cells (KCs) and neutrophils, as well as proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL) 18. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of IL 18 binding protein (IL 18Bp) in hepatic IRI of mice. Thirty C57BL/6 mice were allocated into 3 groups: sham operation, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), and I/R with intravenous administration of IL 18Bp. Hepatic ischemia was induced for 30 minutes by Pringle's maneuver. After 120 minutes of reperfusion, mice were euthanized, and the liver and blood samples were collected for histological, immunohistochemical, molecular, and biochemical analyses. I/R injury induced the typical liver pathology and upregulated IL-18 expression in the liver of mice. Binding of IL 18 with IL 18Bp significantly reduced the histopathological indices of I/R liver injury and KC apoptosis. The I/R-induced increase of TNF-α, malondialdehyde, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels was prevented in statistically significant levels because of the pretreatment with IL 18Bp. Likewise, blocking of IL 18 ablated the I/R-associated elevation of nuclear factor kappa B, c-Jun, myeloperoxidase, and IL 32 and the up-regulation of neutrophils and T-helper lymphocytes. Administration of IL 18Bp protects the mice liver from I/R injury by intervening in critical inflammation-associated pathways and KC apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Ouzounidis
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandros Giakoustidis
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theofilos Poutahidis
- Laboratory of Pathology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Angelopoulou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stavros Iliadis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Stamatis Angelopoulos
- 4th Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Vasilios Papanikolaou
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Giakoustidis
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Remifentanil Ameliorates Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Inhibition of Interleukin-18 Signaling. Transplantation 2016; 99:2109-17. [PMID: 25919765 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) after transplantation or lobectomy is a major clinical problem. The potential benefit of remifentanil in these hepatic surgeries remains unknown. The current study investigated whether remifentanil protects the liver against I/R injury in a rat model and whether the underlying mechanism involves the modulation of interleukin (IL)-18 signaling. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 45 minutes of partial hepatic ischemia followed by 6 hours of reperfusion. Then, they received an intravenous saline or remifentanil (0.4, 2, or 10 μg/kg per minute) infusion from 30 minutes before ischemia until the end of ischemia with or without previous administration of naloxone, a nonselective opioid receptor antagonist. Serum aminotransferase, hepatic morphology, and hepatic neutrophil infiltration were analyzed. The expression of hepatic IL-18; IL-18-binding protein (BP); and key cytokines downstream of IL-18 signaling were measured. RESULTS Remifentanil significantly decreased serum aminotransferase levels and profoundly attenuated the liver histologic damages. Liver I/R injury increased the expression of both hepatic IL-18 and IL-18BP. Although remifentanil pretreatment significantly decreased I/R-induced IL-18 expression, it further upregulated IL-18BP levels in liver tissues. The I/R-induced increases of hepatic interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-1β expression, and neutrophil infiltration were also significantly reduced by remifentanil. Naloxone inhibited the remifentanil-induced downregulation of IL-18, but not the elevation of IL-18BP, and significantly attenuated its protective effects on liver I/R injury. CONCLUSIONS Remifentanil protects the liver against I/R injury. Modulating the hepatic IL-18/IL-18BP balance and inhibiting IL-18 signaling mediate, at least in part, the hepatoprotective effects of remifentanil.
Collapse
|
22
|
Bal A, Gonul Y, Hazman O, Kocak A, Bozkurt MF, Yilmaz S, Kokulu S, Oruc O, Demir K. Interleukin 18--binding protein ameliorates liver ischemia--reperfusion injury. J Surg Res 2015; 201:13-21. [PMID: 26850179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effect of interleukin 18-binding protein (IL-18BP) on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced liver injury in experimental rat models. Liver is one of the most affected organs from I/R process. IL-18 is an important proinflammatory cytokine, which may induce some events such as production of reactive oxygen substances and release of various cytokines. IL-18BP acts as an inhibitor of IL-18. The relationship between IL-18 and IL-18BP has an important place in inflammatory process. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were equally divided into three groups as follows: sham: Hepatic pedicle dissection was done, but hepatic pedicle clamping was not used. I/R: Sixty minutes of ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion were applied. IR + IL-18BP: Recombinant human IL-18BP (100 μg/kg) was administered 30 min before the surgery. Hepatic pedicle was clamped during 60 min of ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion was achieved. RESULTS Liver enzyme levels were significantly lower in the IR + IL-18BP group, when compared with the I/R group. Serum and tissue levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and IL-18 were considerably lower in the IR + IL-18BP group, when compared with the I/R group, but hepatic interferon-γ and IL1β levels were not significant. Serum oxidative stress index level was significantly higher in the I/R group, when compared with the IR + IL-18BP group. In immunostaining, it was observed that pathologic changes were lower in IR + IL-18BP group than the I/R group. CONCLUSIONS IL-18BP exhibited anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and protective effects in I/R-mediated hepatic injury via regulating some liver enzyme activities and cytokine levels. Additionally, these effects have been verified by histomorphologic examination and oxidative stress markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Bal
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
| | - Yucel Gonul
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Omer Hazman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kocak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Dumlupinar University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Fatih Bozkurt
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Yilmaz
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Serdar Kokulu
- Department of Anesthesia and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Oya Oruc
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Kasim Demir
- Department of Gastroenterology, Samsun Training and Education Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of most acute and chronic liver diseases. Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that can sense danger signals from damaged cells and pathogens and assemble to mediate caspase-1 activation, which proteolytically activates the cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. In contrast to other inflammatory responses, inflammasome activation uniquely requires two signals to induce inflammation, therefore setting an increased threshold. IL-1β, generated upon caspase-1 activation, provides positive feed-forward stimulation for inflammatory cytokines, thereby amplifying inflammation. Inflammasome activation has been studied in different human and experimental liver diseases and has been identified as a major contributor to hepatocyte damage, immune cell activation and amplification of liver inflammation. In this Review, we discuss the different types of inflammasomes, their activation and biological functions in the context of liver injury and disease progression. Specifically, we focus on the triggers of inflammasome activation in alcoholic steatohepatitis and NASH, chronic HCV infection, ischaemia-reperfusion injury and paracetamol-induced liver injury. The application and translation of these discoveries into therapies promises novel approaches in the treatment of inflammation in liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, LRB 215, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jan Petrasek
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, LRB 215, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fan J, Zhang X, Ren L, Chen D, Wu S, Guo F, Qin S, Wang Z, Lin Z, Xing T, Sun X, Peng Z. Donor IL-18 rs5744247 polymorphism as a new biomarker of tacrolimus elimination in Chinese liver transplant patients during the early post-transplantation period: results from two cohort studies. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:239-50. [PMID: 25712187 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.14.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study evaluated the relationships between IL-18 polymorphisms and tacrolimus elimination in Chinese liver transplant patients. Patients & methods: Eighty-four liver transplant patients from Shanghai (training set) and 50 patients from Shandong (validating set) were inculded. IL-18 polymorphisms (rs5744247, rs7106524, rs549908, rs187238 and rs1946518) and CYP3A5 rs776746 were genotyped. Results: In training set, daily drug dose, total bilirubin, donor CYP3A5 rs776746 and IL-18 rs5744247 genotypes were screened to construct prediction model for tacrolimus elimination. This model was confirmed in validating set (p < 0.001). Donor IL-18 rs5744247 polymorphism was an independent predictor of tacrolimus elimination in the first week after transplantation in both training (p = 0.008) and validating cohorts (p = 0.033). Conclusion: Donor IL-18 rs5744247 polymorphism may influence on tacrolimus elimination. Original submitted 16 July 2014; Revision submitted 12 November 2014
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaohan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengying Qin
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaowen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tonghai Xing
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ozsoy M, Gonul Y, Bal A, Ozkececi ZT, Celep RB, Adali F, Hazman O, Koçak A, Tosun M. Effect of IL-18 binding protein on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by infrarenal aortic occlusion. Ann Surg Treat Res 2015; 88:92-9. [PMID: 25692120 PMCID: PMC4325650 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2015.88.2.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Severe local and systemic tissue damage called ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury occurs during the period of reperfusion. Free oxygen radicals and proinflammatory cytokines are responsible for reperfusion injury. IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) is a natural inhibitor of IL-18. The balance between IL-18 and IL-18BP has an important role in the inflammatory setting. The present study aimed to investigate whether IL-18BP had a protective role in remote organ hepatic IR injury. METHODS Wistar-Albino rats were divided into three groups that contained seven rats. Group I (sham): Laparotomy and infrarenal abdominal aorta (AA) dissection were done but no clamping was done. Group II (I/R): The infrarenal AA was clamped by atraumatic microvascular clamp for 30 minutes and then was exposed to 90 minutes of reperfusion. Group III (IR + IL-18BP): 75 µg/kg of IL-18BP in 0.9% saline (1 mL) was administered 30 minutes before infrarenal AA dissection and clamping; 30 minutes of ischemia was applied and then was exposed to 90 minutes of reperfusion. RESULTS Serum AST, ALT, and LDH levels were remarkably higher in IR group and returned to normal levels in treatment group. The proinflammatory cytokine levels had decreased in treatment group, and was statistically significant compared with the IR group. Serum levels of total oxidant status and oxidative stress index decreased and levels of total antioxidant status increased by IL-18BP. CONCLUSION This study suggested that IL-18BP has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects in cases of IR with infrarenal AA induced liver oxidative damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ozsoy
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Yucel Gonul
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Bal
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Ziya Taner Ozkececi
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Ruchan Bahadir Celep
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Fahri Adali
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Omer Hazman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts And Sciences, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Koçak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Murat Tosun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Doorschodt B, Teubner A, Kobayashi E, Tolba R. Promising future for the transgenic rat in transplantation research. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2014; 28:155-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
27
|
Xiao J, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Tipoe GL, Xing F, So KF. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide attenuates alcoholic cellular injury through TXNIP-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 69:73-8. [PMID: 24858535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lycium barbarum has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to nourish liver, kidneys and the eyes. However, the underlying mechanisms of its hepatic-protective properties remain uncertain. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome mediated the attenuation of ethanol-induced hepatic injury by Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP). Rat normal hepatocyte line BRL-3A was pre-treated with LBP prior to ethanol incubation. Hepatic damages, including apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, were measured. Then the inhibition of endogenous TXNIP expression was achieved by using its specific siRNA to test its possible involvement in the injury attenuation. We found that 50μg/ml LBP pre-treatment significantly alleviated 24-h ethanol exposure-induced overexpression of TXNIP, increased cellular apoptosis, secretion of inflammatory cytokines, activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, production of ROS, and reduced antioxidant enzyme expression. Silence of TXNIP suppressed the activated NLRP3 inflammasome, increased oxidative stress and worsened apoptosis in the cells. Further addition of LBP did not influence the effects of TXNIP inhibition on the cells. In conclusion, inhibition of hepatic TXNIP by LBP contributes to the reduction of cellular apoptosis, oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xiao
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Yinghui Zhu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingxia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - George L Tipoe
- Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feiyue Xing
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- GMH Institute of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li X, Deroide N, Mallat Z. The role of the inflammasome in cardiovascular diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:307-19. [PMID: 24638861 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasome is a very important signaling platform sensing a variety of triggers of the innate immune system. Inflammasome promotes the production of important pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18. Tight control of inflammasome activity is, therefore, essential and occurs at multiple levels. The activation of inflammasome pathways is linked to the pathogenesis of various prevalent disorders including cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis, ischemic injury, cardiomyopathy, and Kawasaki disease. The study of the inflammasome in the cardiovascular system has led to the identification of important triggers and endogenous modulators, and to the exploration of new treatment strategies based on the inhibition of inflammasome activation or its end products, i.e., IL-1β and IL-18. In summary, the discovery of the inflammasome has greatly advanced our understanding of how the innate immune system interferes with cardiovascular disease development and progression, and targeting inflammasome provides new avenues for the treatment and management of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dinarello CA, Kaplanski G. Interleukin-18 treatment options for inflammatory diseases. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 1:619-32. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.1.4.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
30
|
Abstract
Together with IL-12 or IL-15, interleukin-18 (IL-18) plays a major role in the production of interferon-γ from T-cells and natural killer cells; thus, IL-18 is considered to have a major role in the Th1 response. However, without IL-12, IL-18 is proinflammatory in an IFNγ independent manner. IL-18 is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines and similar to IL-1β, the cytokine is synthesized as an inactive precursor requiring processing by caspase-1 into an active cytokine. IL-18 is also present as an integral membrane protein but requires caspase-1 for full activity in order to induce IFNγ. Uniquely, unlike IL-1β, the IL-18 precursor is constitutively present in nearly all cells in healthy humans and animals. The activity of IL-18 is balanced by the presence of a high-affinity, naturally occurring IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP). In humans, increased disease severity can be associated with an imbalance of IL-18 to IL-18BP such that the levels of free IL-18 are elevated in the circulation. Increasing number of studies have expanded the role of IL-18 in mediating inflammation in animal models of disease using the IL-18BP, IL-18 deficient mice, neutralization of IL-18 or deficiency in the IL-18 receptor alpha chain. A role for IL-18 has been implicated in several autoimmune diseases, myocardial function, emphysema, metabolic syndromes, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, macrophage activation syndrome, sepsis and acute kidney injury, although paradoxically, in some models of disease, IL-18 is protective. The IL-18BP has been used safely in humans and clinical trials of IL-18BP as well as neutralizing anti-IL-18 antibodies are being tested in various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Novick
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gilles Kaplanski
- UMR-S1076, Aix Marseille Université, Campus Timone, Marseille, France; Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States; Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fann DYW, Lee SY, Manzanero S, Chunduri P, Sobey CG, Arumugam TV. Pathogenesis of acute stroke and the role of inflammasomes. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:941-66. [PMID: 24103368 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is an innate immune response to infection or tissue damage that is designed to limit harm to the host, but contributes significantly to ischemic brain injury following stroke. The inflammatory response is initiated by the detection of acute damage via extracellular and intracellular pattern recognition receptors, which respond to conserved microbial structures, termed pathogen-associated molecular patterns or host-derived danger signals termed damage-associated molecular patterns. Multi-protein complexes known as inflammasomes (e.g. containing NLRP1, NLRP2, NLRP3, NLRP6, NLRP7, NLRP12, NLRC4, AIM2 and/or Pyrin), then process these signals to trigger an effector response. Briefly, signaling through NLRP1 and NLRP3 inflammasomes produces cleaved caspase-1, which cleaves both pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 into their biologically active mature pro-inflammatory cytokines that are released into the extracellular environment. This review will describe the molecular structure, cellular signaling pathways and current evidence for inflammasome activation following cerebral ischemia, and the potential for future treatments for stroke that may involve targeting inflammasome formation or its products in the ischemic brain.
Collapse
|
32
|
van Golen RF, Reiniers MJ, Olthof PB, van Gulik TM, Heger M. Sterile inflammation in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury: present concepts and potential therapeutics. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28:394-400. [PMID: 23216461 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury is an often unavoidable consequence of major liver surgery and is characterized by a sterile inflammatory response that jeopardizes the viability of the organ. The inflammatory response results from acute oxidative and nitrosative stress and consequent hepatocellular death during the early reperfusion phase, which causes the release of endogenous self-antigens known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs, in turn, are indirectly responsible for a second wave of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) production by driving the chemoattraction of various leukocyte subsets that exacerbate oxidative liver damage during the later stages of reperfusion. In this review, the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatic I/R injury are outlined, with emphasis on the interplay between ROS/RNS, DAMPs, and the cell types that either produce ROS/RNS and DAMPs or respond to them. This theoretical background is subsequently used to explain why current interventions for hepatic I/R injury have not been very successful. Moreover, novel therapeutic modalities are addressed, including MitoSNO and nilotinib, and metalloporphyrins on the basis of the updated paradigm of hepatic I/R injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rowan F van Golen
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sakai N, Van Sweringen HL, Quillin RC, Schuster R, Blanchard J, Burns JM, Tevar AD, Edwards MJ, Lentsch AB. Interleukin-33 is hepatoprotective during liver ischemia/reperfusion in mice. Hepatology 2012; 56:1468-78. [PMID: 22782692 PMCID: PMC3465516 DOI: 10.1002/hep.25768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Interleukin (IL)-33 is a recently identified member of the IL-1 family that binds to the receptor, ST2L. In the current study, we sought to determine whether IL-33 is an important regulator in the hepatic response to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 90 minutes of partial hepatic ischemia, followed by up to 8 hours of reperfusion. Some mice received recombinant IL-33 (IL-33) intraperitoneally (IP) before surgery or anti-ST2 antibody IP at the time of reperfusion. Primary hepatocytes and Kupffer cells were isolated and treated with IL-33 to assess the effects of IL-33 on inflammatory cytokine production. Primary hepatocytes were treated with IL-33 to assess the effects of IL-33 on mediators of cell survival in hepatocytes. IL-33 protein expression increased within 4 hours after reperfusion and remained elevated for up to 8 hours. ST2L protein expression was detected in healthy liver and was up-regulated within 1 hour and peaked at 4 hours after I/R. ST2L was primarily expressed by hepatocytes, with little to no expression by Kupffer cells. IL-33 significantly reduced hepatocellular injury and liver neutrophil accumulation at 1 and 8 hours after reperfusion. In addition, IL-33 treatment increased liver activation of nuclear factor kappa light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), cyclin D1, and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), but reduced serum levels of CXC chemokines. In vitro experiments demonstrated that IL-33 significantly reduced hepatocyte cell death as a result of increased NF-κB activation and Bcl-2 expression in hepatocytes. CONCLUSION The data suggest that IL-33 is an important endogenous regulator of hepatic I/R injury. It appears that IL-33 has direct protective effects on hepatocytes, associated with the activation of NF-κB, p38 MAPK, cyclin D1, and Bcl-2 that limits liver injury and reduces the stimulus for inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Sakai
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0558, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lentsch AB. Regulatory mechanisms of injury and repair after hepatic ischemia/reperfusion. SCIENTIFICA 2012; 2012:513192. [PMID: 24278708 PMCID: PMC3820555 DOI: 10.6064/2012/513192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury is an important complication of liver surgery and transplantation. The mechanisms of this injury as well as the subsequent reparative and regenerative processes have been the subject of thorough study. In this paper, we discuss the complex and coordinated responses leading to parenchymal damage after liver ischemia/reperfusion as well as the manner in which the liver clears damaged cells and regenerates functional mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex B. Lentsch
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML 0558, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0558, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Inflammation is a common element in the pathogenesis of most chronic liver diseases that lead to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Inflammation is characterized by activation of innate immune cells and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNFα. Inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes expressed in both parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells of the liver that in response to cellular danger signals activate caspase-1, and release IL-1β and IL-18. The importance of inflammasome activation in various forms of liver diseases in relation to liver damage, steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis is discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tamura T, Kondo T, Pak S, Nakano Y, Murata S, Fukunaga K, Ohkohchi N. Interaction between Kupffer cells and platelets in the early period of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury--an in vivo study. J Surg Res 2012; 178:443-51. [PMID: 22480836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) leads to activation of Kupffer cells (KCs). The activated KCs cause platelet and leukocyte adhesion to the sinusoidal endothelium. Previously, we reported that platelet-endothelium interactions occur earlier than leukocyte responses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction between platelets and KCs in the hepatic microcirculation after I/R. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: the no-ischemia group (control group; n = 6); the 20-min ischemia group (I/R group; n = 6); and the 20-min ischemia + anti-rat platelet serum group (APS group; n = 6). KCs were labeled using the liposome entrapment method. The number of adherent platelets was observed for up to 120 min after reperfusion by intravital microscopy. To investigate the effects of platelets on I/R injury, rats were injected intravenously with rabbit APS for platelet depletion. RESULTS In the I/R group, the number of adherent platelets increased significantly after I/R. More than 50% of the adherent platelets adhered to KCs. Electron microscopy indicated that the platelets attached to the KCs after hepatic ischemia. The histologic findings indicated liver damage and apoptosis of hepatocytes in zone 1. In the I/R group, but not in the control and APS groups, serum ALT increased immediately after reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS We succeeded in visualizing the dynamics of both KCs and platelets in the hepatic sinusoids. Liver ischemia induced the adhesion of platelets to KCs in the early period, which could play a key role in reperfusion injury of the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Tamura
- Department of Surgery, Doctoral Program in Clinical Science, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in response to a variety of signals that are indicative of damage to the host including tissue damage, metabolic stress, and infection. Upon activation, the NLRP3 inflammasome serves as a platform for activation of the cysteine protease caspase-1, which leads to the processing and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. Dysregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation is associated with both heritable and acquired inflammatory diseases. Here, we review new insights into the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and its role in disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaklien C Leemans
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Clària J, González-Périz A, López-Vicario C, Rius B, Titos E. New insights into the role of macrophages in adipose tissue inflammation and Fatty liver disease: modulation by endogenous omega-3 Fatty Acid-derived lipid mediators. Front Immunol 2011; 2:49. [PMID: 22566839 PMCID: PMC3342277 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2011.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is causally linked to a chronic state of “low-grade” inflammation in adipose tissue. Prolonged, unremitting inflammation in this tissue has a direct impact on insulin-sensitive tissues (i.e., liver) and its timely resolution is a critical step toward reducing the prevalence of related co-morbidities such as insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This article describes the current state-of-the-art knowledge and novel insights into the role of macrophages in adipose tissue inflammation, with special emphasis on the progressive changes in macrophage polarization observed over the course of obesity. In addition, this article extends the discussion to the contribution of Kupffer cells, the liver resident macrophages, to metabolic liver disease. Special attention is given to the modulation of macrophage responses by omega-3-PUFAs, and more importantly by resolvins, which are potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving autacoids generated from docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids. In fact, resolvins have been shown to work as endogenous “stop signals” in inflamed adipose tissue and to return this tissue to homeostasis by inducing a phenotypic switch in macrophage polarization toward a pro-resolving phenotype. Collectively, this article offers new views on the role of macrophages in metabolic disease and their modulation by endogenously generated omega-3-PUFA-derived lipid mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Clària
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, Centre Esther Koplowitz, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ono S, Obara H, Takayanagi A, Tanabe M, Kawachi S, Itano O, Shinoda M, Kitago M, Hibi T, Chiba T, Du W, Matsumoto K, Tilles AW, Yarmush ML, Aiso S, Shimizu N, Sakamoto M, Kitagawa Y. Suppressive effects of interleukin-18 on liver function in rat liver allografts. J Surg Res 2011; 176:293-300. [PMID: 21962809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a potent proinflammatory cytokine that augments both innate and acquired immune responses. It is also a crucial regulator of lymphocyte production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), which can promote acute cellular rejection of transplanted solid organs. METHODS To evaluate the role of IL-18 in liver transplantation, we constructed an adenoviral vector encoding IL-18 binding protein (Adex-IL18bp), which specifically suppressed the biologic activity of IL-18, and examined the effect of this suppression on liver allografts by using a high-responder rat model (ACI to Lewis) of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx). Donor rats were given one intravenous injection of Adex-IL18bp or Adex-LacZ (control vector) 2 d before OLTx. RESULTS Seven days after OLTx, overexpression of IL-18bp resulting from the adenovirus gene transfer was associated with significantly decreased serum alanine aminotransferase levels and less histologic hepatic injury in recipient rats with Adex-IL18bp-pretreated donors compared with Adex-LacZ controls. Adex-IL18bp pretreatment also significantly prolonged rat/allograft survival, inhibited expression of IFN-γ, and reduced levels (versus control values) of both CXCL10 and CX3CL1, which can be induced by IFN-γ. CONCLUSION These results suggest that IL-18 has an important role in liver allograft rejection through IFN-γ and chemokines and that specific suppression of IL-18 may improve liver function early after transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeshi Ono
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hu L, Yang C, Zhao T, Xu M, Tang Q, Yang B, Rong R, Zhu T. Erythropoietin ameliorates renal ischemia and reperfusion injury via inhibiting tubulointerstitial inflammation. J Surg Res 2011; 176:260-6. [PMID: 21816412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tubulointerstitial inflammation is the characteristics of renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) that is inevitable in kidney transplantation. Erythropoietin (EPO) has recently been shown to have protective effects on renal IRI by anti-apoptosis and anti-oxidation. Here, the effect and mechanism of EPO on renal IRI were further investigated, with a focus on tubulointerstitial inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administrated with saline or EPO prior to IRI induced by bilateral renal pedicle clamping. Twenty-four hours following reperfusion, the effects of EPO on renal IRI were assessed by renal function and structure, tubulointerstitial myeloperoxidase (MPO) positive neutrophils, and proinflammatory mediator gene expression. The translocation and activity of NF-κB in renal tissues were also evaluated. RESULTS Compared with control groups, the EPO treated group exhibited lower serum urea and creatinine levels, limited tubular necrosis with a lower score of renal histological lesion. MPO positive cells in the tubulointerstitial area were greatly increased by IRI, but significantly reduced by the treatment of EPO. The gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) and chemokine (MCP-1) was also significantly decreased by EPO. In addition, less activation and nuclear-translocation of NF-κB was observed in the kidney treated by EPO as well. CONCLUSION EPO improved renal function and structure in IRI rats via reducing neutrophils in the tubulointerstitium, the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokine, as well as the activation and nuclear-translocation of NF-κB. EPO may have potential clinical applications as an anti-inflammation agent clinically for a wide range of injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linkun Hu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gene Silencing of NALP3 Protects Against Liver Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in Mice. Hum Gene Ther 2011; 22:853-64. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2010.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
42
|
Suzuki T, Yoshidome H, Kimura F, Shimizu H, Ohtsuka M, Takeuchi D, Kato A, Furukawa K, Yoshitomi H, Iida A, Dochi T, Miyazaki M. Hepatocyte apoptosis is enhanced after ischemia/reperfusion in the steatotic liver. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 48:142-8. [PMID: 21373267 PMCID: PMC3045687 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.10-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver steatosis is associated with organ dysfunction after hepatic resection and transplantation which may be caused by hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. The aim of the current study was to determine the precise mechanism leading to hepatocyte apoptosis after steatotic liver ischemia/reperfusion. Using a murine model of partial hepatic ischemia for 90 min, we examined the levels and pathway of apoptosis, and the peroxynitrite expression, serum alanine aminotransferase levels, and liver histology 1 and 4 h after reperfusion. In the steatotic liver, the peroxynitrite expression increased after ischemia/reperfusion. Significant hepatocyte apoptosis in the steatotic liver was seen after reperfusion, caused by upregulation of cleaved caspases 9 and 3, but not caspase 8. Serum alanine aminotransferase levels were elevated and histological examination revealed severe liver injury in the steatotic liver 4 h after reperfusion. In mice treated with aminoguanidine, ischemia/reperfusion-induced increases in serum alanine aminotransferase levels and apoptosis were significantly reduced in steatotic liver compared with mice treated with phosphate buffered saline. Survival of mice with steatotic livers significantly improved by treatment with aminoguanidine. Our data suggested that the steatotic liver is vulnerable to hepatic ischemia/reperfusion, leading to significant hepatocyte apoptosis by the mitochondrial permeability transition, and thereby resulting in organ dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Suzuki
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0856, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Warm hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury is a significant medical problem in many clinical conditions such as liver transplantation, hepatic surgery for tumor excision, trauma and hepatic failure after hemorrhagic shock. Partial or, mostly, total interruption of hepatic blood flow is often necessary when liver surgery is performed. This interruption of blood flow is termed "warm ischemia" and upon revascularization, when molecular oxygen is reintroduced, the organ undergoes a process called "reperfusion injury" that causes deterioration of organ function. Ischemia reperfusion results in cellular damage and tissue injury associated with a complex series of events. Pathophysiological mechanisms leading to tissue injury following ischemia-reperfusion will be discussed and therapies targeted to reduce liver damage will be summarized within this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Dogan
- Department of Biochemistry, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abu-Amara M, Yang SY, Tapuria N, Fuller B, Davidson B, Seifalian A. Liver ischemia/reperfusion injury: processes in inflammatory networks--a review. Liver Transpl 2010; 16:1016-32. [PMID: 20818739 DOI: 10.1002/lt.22117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is typified by an inflammatory response. Understanding the cellular and molecular events underpinning this inflammation is fundamental to developing therapeutic strategies. Great strides have been made in this respect recently. Liver IR involves a complex web of interactions between the various cellular and humoral contributors to the inflammatory response. Kupffer cells, CD4+ lymphocytes, neutrophils, and hepatocytes are central cellular players. Various cytokines, chemokines, and complement proteins form the communication system between the cellular components. The contribution of the danger-associated molecular patterns and pattern recognition receptors to the pathophysiology of liver IR injury are slowly being elucidated. Our knowledge on the role of mitochondria in generating reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, in contributing to ionic disturbances, and in initiating the mitochondrial permeability transition with subsequent cellular death in liver IR injury is continuously being expanded. Here, we discuss recent findings pertaining to the aforementioned factors of liver IR, and we highlight areas with gaps in our knowledge, necessitating further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abu-Amara
- Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Unit, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Beldi G, Banz Y, Kroemer A, Sun X, Wu Y, Graubardt N, Rellstab A, Nowak M, Enjyoji K, Li X, Junger WG, Candinas D, Robson SC. Deletion of CD39 on natural killer cells attenuates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. Hepatology 2010; 51:1702-11. [PMID: 20146261 PMCID: PMC2903010 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Natural killer (NK) cells play crucial roles in innate immunity and express CD39 (Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 [E-NTPD1]), a rate-limiting ectonucleotidase in the phosphohydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides to adenosine. We have studied the effects of CD39 gene deletion on NK cells in dictating outcomes after partial hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). We show in mice that gene deletion of CD39 is associated with marked decreases in phosphohydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate to adenosine monophosphate on NK cells, thereby modulating the type-2 purinergic (P2) receptors demonstrated on these cells. We note that CD39-null mice are protected from acute vascular injury after single-lobe warm IRI, and, relative to control wild-type mice, display significantly less elevation of aminotransferases with less pronounced histopathological changes associated with IRI. Selective adoptive transfers of immune cells into Rag2/common gamma null mice (deficient in T cells, B cells, and NK/NKT cells) suggest that it is CD39 deletion on NK cells that provides end-organ protection, which is comparable to that seen in the absence of interferon gamma. Indeed, NK effector mechanisms such as interferon gamma secretion are inhibited by P2 receptor activation in vitro. Specifically, ATPgammaS (a nonhydrolyzable ATP analog) inhibits secretion of interferon gamma by NK cells in response to interleukin-12 and interleukin-18, providing a mechanistic link between CD39 deletion and altered cytokine secretion. CONCLUSION We propose that CD39 deficiency and changes in P2 receptor activation abrogate secretion of interferon gamma by NK cells in response to inflammatory mediators, thereby limiting tissue damage mediated by these innate immune cells during IRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Beldi
- Liver Center and Transplantation Institute, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Inselspital, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yara Banz
- Liver Center and Transplantation Institute, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Kroemer
- Liver Center and Transplantation Institute, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Xiaofeng Sun
- Liver Center and Transplantation Institute, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yan Wu
- Liver Center and Transplantation Institute, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nadine Graubardt
- Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Inselspital, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alyssa Rellstab
- Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Inselspital, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martina Nowak
- Liver Center and Transplantation Institute, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Keiichi Enjyoji
- Liver Center and Transplantation Institute, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Xian Li
- Liver Center and Transplantation Institute, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Wolfgang G. Junger
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel Candinas
- Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Inselspital, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon C. Robson
- Liver Center and Transplantation Institute, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Iida A, Yoshidome H, Shida T, Takano S, Takeuchi D, Kimura F, Shimizu H, Ohtsuka M, Miyazaki M. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-kappaB) activation is protective but is decreased in the cholestatic liver with endotoxemia. Surgery 2010; 148:477-89. [PMID: 20227101 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2010.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive jaundice (OJ) is an important clinical consideration associated with a high risk of bacteremia. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation confers an antiapoptotic function. Although the occurrence of hepatocyte apoptosis has been shown in OJ, the activation and role of NF-kappaB over the time course of OJ in conjunction with endotoxemia have not yet been well defined. We hypothesized that NF-kappaB activation may be decreased over the time course of OJ and endotoxemia, which leads to severe liver injury. The aim of the current study was to examine whether NF-kappaB activation can decrease hepatocyte apoptosis and liver injury over the time course of OJ in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to bile duct ligation and were administered LPS intravenously at 3 days (OJ3) or 14 days (OJ14) after bile duct ligation. NF-kappaB activation; protein expressions of NF-kappaB p65, IkappaB-alpha, Ikappabeta-b, and Pin1; immunohistochemistry of poly adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose polymerase p85 fragment (PARP); and serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels were examined. RESULTS Hepatocyte NF-kappaB activation was observed during OJ. After LPS administration, the hepatic NF-kappaB activation defined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay was decreased in the OJ14 group compared with the OJ3 group, which is consistent with a decrease in NF-kappaB p65 protein expression. Changes in phosphorylated Ikappa-B-beta but not phosphorylated IkappaB-alpha mirrored these results. Significant hepatocyte apoptosis defined by PARP immunohistochemistry was observed in the LPS-treated OJ14 relative to the LPS-treated OJ3. Hepatic expressions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the LPS OJ14 mice were upregulated relative to those in the LPS OJ3. Serum ALT levels increased significantly in the LPS OJ14 relative to other mice. The survival rate was significantly less in the LPS OJ14 relative to other mice. CONCLUSION After prolonged OJ, exposure to endotoxemia was associated with a decrease in hepatocyte NF-kappaB activation and an increase in hepatocyte apoptosis and secondary necrosis, thus resulting in liver dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Iida
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bamboat ZM, Ocuin LM, Balachandran VP, Obaid H, Plitas G, DeMatteo RP. Conventional DCs reduce liver ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice via IL-10 secretion. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:559-69. [PMID: 20093775 DOI: 10.1172/jci40008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TLRs are recognized as promoters of tissue damage, even in the absence of pathogens. TLR binding to damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released by injured host cells unleashes an inflammatory cascade that amplifies tissue destruction. However, whether TLRs possess the reciprocal ability to curtail the extent of sterile inflammation is uncertain. Here, we investigated this possibility in mice by studying the role of conventional DCs (cDCs) in liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, a model of sterile inflammation. Targeted depletion of mouse cDCs increased liver injury after I/R, as assessed by serum alanine aminotransferase and histologic analysis. In vitro, we identified hepatocyte DNA as an endogenous ligand to TLR9 that promoted cDCs to secrete IL-10. In vivo, cDC production of IL-10 required TLR9 and reduced liver injury. In addition, we found that inflammatory monocytes recruited to the liver via chemokine receptor 2 were downstream targets of cDC IL-10. IL-10 from cDCs reduced production of TNF, IL-6, and ROS by inflammatory monocytes. Our results implicate inflammatory monocytes as mediators of liver I/R injury and reveal that cDCs respond to DAMPS during sterile inflammation, providing the host with protection from progressive tissue damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zubin M Bamboat
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York 10065, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Takeuchi D, Yoshidome H, Kurosawa H, Kimura F, Shimizu H, Ohtsuka M, Kato A, Yoshitomi H, Furukawa K, Miyazaki M. Interleukin-18 exacerbates pulmonary injury after hepatic ischemia/reperfusion in mice. J Surg Res 2010; 158:87-93. [PMID: 19394645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2008] [Revised: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 08/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion has been shown to cause both local hepatic and distant organ (such as lung) injury caused by accumulation of neutrophils in the local and distant organs, leading to neutrophil-dependent organ injury. Interleukin (IL) -18 is required for facilitating neutrophil-dependent local hepatic injury by suppressing anti-inflammatory cytokine expression, but less is known about the involvement of this cytokine in distant organ injury. The objective of this study was to determine whether IL-18 contributes to pulmonary injury induced by hepatic ischemia/reperfusion. METHODS C57BL/6 mice and IL-18 knockout mice (C57BL/6 background) were subjected to 90 min of partial hepatic ischemia and subsequent reperfusion. Neutrophil accumulation in the lung was assessed by pulmonary myeloperoxidase contents. Pulmonary expressions of keratinocyte derived chemokine (KC, CXCL1), macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, CCL2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 were measured by tissue enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Lung edema was quantified by the pulmonary wet to dry weight ratios. RESULTS Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion caused significant increases in pulmonary neutrophil recruitment and lung edema. Also, pulmonary expression of KC and MCP-1 were up-regulated. In the IL-18 knockout mice, hepatic ischemia/reperfusion-induced increases in pulmonary neutrophil recruitment, lung injury defined by lung edema, and pulmonary chemokine expression were attenuated. Furthermore, pulmonary expression of an anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 and systemic IL-10 expression were significantly up-regulated in the IL-18 knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS The data suggested that IL-18 plays an important role in the development of pulmonary injury after hepatic ischemia/reperfusion by up-regulating proinflammatory mediators and possibly suppressing anti-inflammatory cytokine expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Takeuchi
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba-Shi, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Vollmar B, Menger MD. The hepatic microcirculation: mechanistic contributions and therapeutic targets in liver injury and repair. Physiol Rev 2009; 89:1269-339. [PMID: 19789382 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00027.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex functions of the liver in biosynthesis, metabolism, clearance, and host defense are tightly dependent on an adequate microcirculation. To guarantee hepatic homeostasis, this requires not only a sufficient nutritive perfusion and oxygen supply, but also a balanced vasomotor control and an appropriate cell-cell communication. Deteriorations of the hepatic homeostasis, as observed in ischemia/reperfusion, cold preservation and transplantation, septic organ failure, and hepatic resection-induced hyperperfusion, are associated with a high morbidity and mortality. During the last two decades, experimental studies have demonstrated that microcirculatory disorders are determinants for organ failure in these disease states. Disorders include 1) a dysregulation of the vasomotor control with a deterioration of the endothelin-nitric oxide balance, an arterial and sinusoidal constriction, and a shutdown of the microcirculation as well as 2) an overwhelming inflammatory response with microvascular leukocyte accumulation, platelet adherence, and Kupffer cell activation. Within the sequelae of events, proinflammatory mediators, such as reactive oxygen species and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, are the key players, causing the microvascular dysfunction and perfusion failure. This review covers the morphological and functional characterization of the hepatic microcirculation, the mechanistic contributions in surgical disease states, and the therapeutic targets to attenuate tissue injury and organ dysfunction. It also indicates future directions to translate the knowledge achieved from experimental studies into clinical practice. By this, the use of the recently introduced techniques to monitor the hepatic microcirculation in humans, such as near-infrared spectroscopy or orthogonal polarized spectral imaging, may allow an early initiation of treatment, which should benefit the final outcome of these critically ill patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Vollmar
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Toledo-Pereyra LH, Lopez-Neblina F, Lentsch AB, Anaya-Prado R, Romano SJ, Ward PA. Selectin Inhibition Modulates NF-κ B and AP-1 Signaling After Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion. J INVEST SURG 2009; 19:313-22. [PMID: 16966210 DOI: 10.1080/08941930600889474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The infiltration of neutrophils after ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) is facilitated by the expression of adhesion molecules on the surface of both leukocytes and endothelial cells. Adhesion molecules of the selectin family are of particular importance at the onset of neutrophil mediated injury, as demonstrated by the occurrence of many cellular interactions with the final extravasation of inflammatory leukocytes at the site of I/R damage. Previous studies demonstrated a prevention of neutrophil extravasation and protection of ischemic damage when a small anti-selectin molecule was used. In this study, we tested a new small anti-selectin compound (OC-229) in a murine model of partial hepatic I/R. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of OC-229 on liver function and histology after I/R and to evaluate its role in the modulation of the inflammatory molecular signaling pathways of NF-kappa B and AP-1 under the same experimental condition. Mice subjected to 90 min of partial (70-80%) hepatic ischemia and 3 h of reperfusion were divided into three groups (n = 9/group): sham, ischemic control, and treated group, which received 25 mg/kg of the anti-selectin small molecule OC-229. These groups were studied when the treatment was given at the time of reperfusion (no pretreatment was given). The parameters measured at 3 h of reperfusion included liver function tests (ALT and AST), liver histology, and liver tissue electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) for NF-kappa B and AP-1. It was demonstrated that the multiselectin inhibitor OC-229 offered significant protection for the ischemic liver when given at 25 mg/kg at the time of reperfusion. ALT and AST serum levels significantly decreased when the ischemic control and the group receiving OC-229 were compared (p = .01). Treated animals demonstrated better histological findings as well. The EMSA showed dissociation of NF-kappa B and AP-1 activity in the liver nuclear extracts after selectin inhibition treatment. A reduction in the activity of AP-1 and an increment in NF-kappa B activation was seen. In this work, we obtained evidence that the small-molecule selectin inhibitor OC-229 offered functional and histological protection of the ischemic liver when given at 25 mg/kg at the time for reperfusion. There was dissociation in the activation signals of NF-kappa B and AP-1. Increase in NF-kappa B and reduction of the activation of AP-1 were noted at 3 h of reperfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis H Toledo-Pereyra
- Borgess Research Institute, Trauma, Surgery Research Sciences, and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|