1
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Li P, Ma X, Huang D, Gu X. Exploring the roles of non-coding RNAs in liver regeneration. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:945-953. [PMID: 38680418 PMCID: PMC11046251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver regeneration (LR) is a complex process encompassing three distinct phases: priming, proliferation phase and restoration, all influenced by various regulatory factors. After liver damage or partial resection, the liver tissue demonstrates remarkable restorative capacity, driven by cellular proliferation and repair mechanisms. The essential roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), predominantly microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNA (circRNA), in regulating LR have been vastly studied. Additionally, the impact of ncRNAs on LR and their abnormal expression profiles during this process have been extensively documented. Mechanistic investigations have revealed that ncRNAs interact with genes involved in proliferation to regulate hepatocyte proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation, along with liver progenitor cell proliferation and migration. Given the significant role of ncRNAs in LR, an in-depth exploration of their involvement in the liver's self-repair capacity can reveal promising therapeutic strategies for LR and liver-related diseases. Moreover, understanding the unique regenerative potential of the adult liver and the mechanisms and regulatory factors of ncRNAs in LR are crucial for improving current treatment strategies and exploring new therapeutic approaches for various liver-related diseases. This review provides a brief overview of the LR process and the ncRNA expression profiles during this process. Furthermore, we also elaborate on the specific molecular mechanisms through which multiple key ncRNAs regulate the LR process. Finally, based on the expression characteristics of ncRNAs and their interactions with proliferation-associated genes, we explore their potential clinical application, such as developing predictive indicators reflecting liver regenerative activity and manipulating LR processes for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Child Health Care, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
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2
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Roudaut M, Caillaud A, Souguir Z, Bray L, Girardeau A, Rimbert A, Croyal M, Lambert G, Patitucci M, Delpouve G, Vandenhaute É, Le May C, Maubon N, Cariou B, Si‐Tayeb K. Human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived liver organoids grown on a Biomimesys® hyaluronic acid-based hydroscaffold as a new model for studying human lipoprotein metabolism. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10659. [PMID: 39036087 PMCID: PMC11256179 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a key role in the metabolism of lipoproteins, controlling both production and catabolism. To accelerate the development of new lipid-lowering therapies in humans, it is essential to have a relevant in vitro study model available. The current hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) models derived from hiPSC can be used to model many genetically driven diseases but require further improvement to better recapitulate the complexity of liver functions. Here, we aimed to improve the maturation of HLCs using a three-dimensional (3D) approach using Biomimesys®, a hyaluronic acid-based hydroscaffold in which hiPSCs may directly form aggregates and differentiate toward a functional liver organoid model. After a 28-day differentiation 3D protocol, we showed that many hepatic genes were upregulated in the 3D model (liver organoids) in comparison with the 2D model (HLCs). Liver organoids, grown on Biomimesys®, exhibited an autonomous cell organization, were composed of different cell types and displayed enhanced cytochromes P450 activities compared to HLCs. Regarding the functional capacities of these organoids, we showed that they were able to accumulate lipids (hepatic steatosis), internalize low-density lipoprotein and secrete apolipoprotein B. Interestingly, we showed for the first time that this model was also able to produce apolipoprotein (a), the apolipoprotein (a) specific of Lp(a). This innovative hiPSC-derived liver organoid model may serve as a relevant model for studying human lipopoprotein metabolism, including Lp(a).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryl Roudaut
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, l'institut du thoraxNantesFrance
- HCS PharmaLilleFrance
| | - Amandine Caillaud
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, l'institut du thoraxNantesFrance
| | | | - Lise Bray
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, l'institut du thoraxNantesFrance
| | - Aurore Girardeau
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, l'institut du thoraxNantesFrance
| | - Antoine Rimbert
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, l'institut du thoraxNantesFrance
| | - Mikaël Croyal
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, l'institut du thoraxNantesFrance
- CRNH‐Ouest Mass Spectrometry Core FacilityNantesFrance
| | - Gilles Lambert
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI)Université de La RéunionSaint‐Denisde La RéunionFrance
| | - Murielle Patitucci
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, l'institut du thoraxNantesFrance
| | | | | | - Cédric Le May
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, l'institut du thoraxNantesFrance
| | | | - Bertrand Cariou
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, l'institut du thoraxNantesFrance
| | - Karim Si‐Tayeb
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, l'institut du thoraxNantesFrance
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3
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Okumura A, Aoshima K, Tanimizu N. Generation of in vivo-like multicellular liver organoids by mimicking developmental processes: A review. Regen Ther 2024; 26:219-234. [PMID: 38903867 PMCID: PMC11186971 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver is involved in metabolic reactions, ammonia detoxification, and immunity. Multicellular liver tissue cultures are more desirable for drug screening, disease modeling, and researching transplantation therapy, than hepatocytes monocultures. Hepatocytes monocultures are not stable for long. Further, hepatocyte-like cells induced from pluripotent stem cells and in vivo hepatocytes are functionally dissimilar. Organoid technology circumvents these issues by generating functional ex vivo liver tissue from intrinsic liver progenitor cells and extrinsic stem cells, including pluripotent stem cells. To function as in vivo liver tissue, the liver organoid cells must be arranged precisely in the 3-dimensional space, closely mimicking in vivo liver tissue. Moreover, for long term functioning, liver organoids must be appropriately vascularized and in contact with neighboring epithelial tissues (e.g., bile canaliculi and intrahepatic bile duct, or intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts). Recent discoveries in liver developmental biology allows one to successfully induce liver component cells and generate organoids. Thus, here, in this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on liver development with a focus on its application in generating different liver organoids. We also cover the future prospects in creating (functionally and structurally) in vivo-like liver organoids using the current knowledge on liver development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Okumura
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
| | - Kenji Aoshima
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
| | - Naoki Tanimizu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
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4
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Michalopoulos GK. Hepatocytes of mice and men: Different regenerative signals? Hepatology 2024; 79:1246-1248. [PMID: 37972957 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- George K Michalopoulos
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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5
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Matsumoto S, Kikuchi A. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in liver biology and tumorigenesis. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:466-481. [PMID: 38379098 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that controls fundamental physiological and pathological processes by regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway enables liver homeostasis by inducing differentiation and contributes to liver-specific features such as metabolic zonation and regeneration. In contrast, abnormalities in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway promote the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Similarly, hepatoblastoma, the most common childhood liver cancer, is frequently associated with β-catenin mutations, which activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling. HCCs with activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway have unique gene expression patterns and pathological and clinical features. Accordingly, they are highly differentiated with retaining hepatocyte-like characteristics and tumorigenic. Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in HCC also alters the state of immune cells, causing "immune evasion" with inducing resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors, which have recently become widely used to treat HCC. Activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling exhibits these phenomena in liver tumorigenesis through the expression of downstream target genes, and the molecular basis is still poorly understood. In this review, we describe the physiological roles of Wnt/b-catenin signaling and then discuss their characteristic changes by the abnormal activation of Wnt/b-catenin signaling. Clarification of the mechanism would contribute to the development of therapeutic agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Matsumoto
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Center of Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, 2-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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6
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Zuo B, Yang F, Huang L, Han J, Li T, Ma Z, Cao L, Li Y, Bai X, Jiang M, He Y, Xia L. Endothelial Slc35a1 Deficiency Causes Loss of LSEC Identity and Exacerbates Neonatal Lipid Deposition in the Liver in Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 17:1039-1061. [PMID: 38467191 PMCID: PMC11061248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The functional maturation of the liver largely occurs after birth. In the early stages of life, the liver of a newborn encounters enormous high-fat metabolic stress caused by the consumption of breast milk. It is unclear how the maturing liver adapts to high lipid metabolism. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) play a fundamental role in establishing liver vasculature and are decorated with many glycoproteins on their surface. The Slc35a1 gene encodes a cytidine-5'-monophosphate (CMP)-sialic acid transporter responsible for transporting CMP-sialic acids between the cytoplasm and the Golgi apparatus for protein sialylation. This study aimed to determine whether endothelial sialylation plays a role in hepatic vasculogenesis and functional maturation. METHODS Endothelial-specific Slc35a1 knockout mice were generated. Liver tissues were collected for histologic analysis, lipidomic profiling, RNA sequencing, confocal immunofluorescence, and immunoblot analyses. RESULTS Endothelial Slc35a1-deficient mice exhibited excessive neonatal hepatic lipid deposition, severe liver damage, and high mortality. Endothelial deletion of Slc35a1 led to sinusoidal capillarization and disrupted hepatic zonation. Mechanistically, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in LSECs was desialylated and VEGFR2 signaling was enhanced in Slc35a1-deficient mice. Inhibition of VEGFR2 signaling by SU5416 alleviated lipid deposition and restored hepatic vasculature in Slc35a1-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that sialylation of LSECs is critical for maintaining hepatic vascular development and lipid homeostasis. Targeting VEGFR2 signaling may be a new strategy to prevent liver disorders associated with abnormal vasculature and lipid deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zuo
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of National Health Commission, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Engineering Center of Hematological Disease of Ministry of Education, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of National Health Commission, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lulu Huang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of National Health Commission, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Han
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of National Health Commission, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tianyi Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of National Health Commission, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenni Ma
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of National Health Commission, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Cao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of National Health Commission, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of National Health Commission, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xia Bai
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of National Health Commission, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of National Health Commission, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang He
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of National Health Commission, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Engineering Center of Hematological Disease of Ministry of Education, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Lijun Xia
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of National Health Commission, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
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7
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Harrison SP, Siller R, Tanaka Y, Chollet ME, de la Morena-Barrio ME, Xiang Y, Patterson B, Andersen E, Bravo-Pérez C, Kempf H, Åsrud KS, Lunov O, Dejneka A, Mowinckel MC, Stavik B, Sandset PM, Melum E, Baumgarten S, Bonanini F, Kurek D, Mathapati S, Almaas R, Sharma K, Wilson SR, Skottvoll FS, Boger IC, Bogen IL, Nyman TA, Wu JJ, Bezrouk A, Cizkova D, Corral J, Mokry J, Zweigerdt R, Park IH, Sullivan GJ. Scalable production of tissue-like vascularized liver organoids from human PSCs. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2005-2024. [PMID: 37653039 PMCID: PMC10545717 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of physiological parity between 2D cell culture and in vivo culture has led to the development of more organotypic models, such as organoids. Organoid models have been developed for a number of tissues, including the liver. Current organoid protocols are characterized by a reliance on extracellular matrices (ECMs), patterning in 2D culture, costly growth factors and a lack of cellular diversity, structure, and organization. Current hepatic organoid models are generally simplistic and composed of hepatocytes or cholangiocytes, rendering them less physiologically relevant compared to native tissue. We have developed an approach that does not require 2D patterning, is ECM independent, and employs small molecules to mimic embryonic liver development that produces large quantities of liver-like organoids. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and immunofluorescence, we demonstrate a liver-like cellular repertoire, a higher order cellular complexity, presenting with vascular luminal structures, and a population of resident macrophages: Kupffer cells. The organoids exhibit key liver functions, including drug metabolism, serum protein production, urea synthesis and coagulation factor production, with preserved post-translational modifications such as N-glycosylation and functionality. The organoids can be transplanted and maintained long term in mice producing human albumin. The organoids exhibit a complex cellular repertoire reflective of the organ and have de novo vascularization and liver-like function. These characteristics are a prerequisite for many applications from cellular therapy, tissue engineering, drug toxicity assessment, and disease modeling to basic developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Harrison
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Richard Siller
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center (CRHMR), University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Maria Eugenia Chollet
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - María Eugenia de la Morena-Barrio
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB, CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - Yangfei Xiang
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Benjamin Patterson
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Elisabeth Andersen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carlos Bravo-Pérez
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB, CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - Henning Kempf
- Department: Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrine S Åsrud
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oleg Lunov
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandr Dejneka
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie-Christine Mowinckel
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benedicte Stavik
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Morten Sandset
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Melum
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- European Reference Network RARE-LIVER, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Saphira Baumgarten
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Santosh Mathapati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Runar Almaas
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- European Reference Network RARE-LIVER, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kulbhushan Sharma
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Steven R Wilson
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, NO-0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frøydis S Skottvoll
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, NO-0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida C Boger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, NO-0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Lise Bogen
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jun Jie Wu
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Ales Bezrouk
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Cizkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Javier Corral
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB, CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jaroslav Mokry
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Department: Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - In-Hyun Park
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Gareth J Sullivan
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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8
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Wang C, Lin R, Qi X, Xu Q, Sun X, Zhao Y, Jiang T, Jiang J, Sun Y, Deng Y, Wen J. Alternative glucose uptake mediated by β-catenin/RSK1 axis under stress stimuli in mammalian cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115645. [PMID: 37321415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cells adapt to stress conditions by increasing glucose uptake as cytoprotective strategy. The efficiency of glucose uptake is determined by the translocation of glucose transporters (GLUTs) from cytosolic vesicles to cellular membranes in many tissues and cells. GLUT translocation is tightly controlled by the activation of Tre-2/BUB2/CDC16 1 domain family 4 (TBC1D4) via its phosphorylation. The mechanisms of glucose uptake under stress conditions remain to be clarified. In this study, we surprisingly found that glucose uptake is apparently increased for the early response to three stress stimuli, glucose starvation and the exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or deoxynivalenol (DON). The stress-induced glucose uptake was mainly controlled by the increment of β-catenin level and the activation of RSK1. Mechanistically, β-catenin directly interacted with RSK1 and TBC1D4, acting as the scaffold protein to recruit activated RSK1 to promote the phosphorylation of TBC1D4. In addition, β-catenin was further stabilized due to the inhibition of GSK3β kinase activity which is caused by activated RSK1 phosphorylating GSK3β at Ser9. In general, this triple protein complex consisting of β-catenin, phosphorylated RSK1, and TBC1D4 were increased in the early response to these stress signals, and consequently, further promoted the phosphorylation of TBC1D4 to facilitate the translocation of GLUT4 to the cell membrane. Our study revealed that the β-catenin/RSK1 axis contributed to the increment of glucose uptake for cellular adaption to these stress conditions, shedding new insights into cellular energy utilization under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caizhu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ruqin Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xueying Qi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xingsheng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yurong Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Tianqing Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yu Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yiqun Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Jikai Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
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9
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Sharma S, Behl T, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Bhatia S, Al-Harassi A, Bungau S, Mostafavi E. Possible Role of Wnt Signaling Pathway in Diabetic Retinopathy. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:1372-1380. [PMID: 35232336 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220301110140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The core of impaired vision in working people suffering from insulin-dependent and noninsulin- dependent diabetes mellitus is diabetic retinopathy (DR). The Wnt Protein Ligands family influences various processes; this ensures the cells are able to interact and co-ordinate various mobile functions, including cell growth, division, survival, apoptosis, migration, and cell destiny. The extracellular Wnt signal activates other signals. It is seen that Wnt pathways play an important role in inflammation, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis. It has been illustrated that the canonically preserved Wnt signaling system has a vital role in the homeostasis of adulthood. Developmental disorders in each of these stages will lead to serious eye problems and eventually blindness. There is, therefore, a need to specifically organize and regulate the growth of ocular tissues. In tissue specification and polarities, axonal exhaust, and maintenance of cells, especially in the central nervous system, Wnt/frizzled pathways play an important role. Thus, Wnt route antagonists may act as have been possible therapeutic options in DR by inhibiting aberrant Wnt signals. Elaborative and continued research in this area will help in the advancement of current knowledge in the field of DR, and eventually, this can lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetu Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- GHG Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harassi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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10
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Yang L, Wang ZA, Zuo H, Guo Z, Weng S, He J, Xu X. Wnt5b plays a negative role in antibacterial response in Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 133:104411. [PMID: 35447159 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt family genes are essentially implicated in development and growth in animals. Accumulating clues have pointed to the importance of Wnts in invertebrate immunity, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear to date. The Wnt5b has been known to promote white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in shrimp but its role in antibacterial response remains unclear. In the current study, we focused on the involvement of Wnt5b in Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei. We demonstrated that the expression of Wnt5b was regulated by the IMD-Relish and JAK-STAT pathways but not the Dorsal pathway and was suppressed upon bacterial infection. Although Wnt5b did not affect the cellular immunity in shrimp, it was involved in regulation of humoral immunity. Silencing of Wnt5b in vivo significantly increased expression of several antimicrobial peptides but decreased that of many immune functional proteins including C-type lectins and lysozymes. Treatment with recombinant Wnt5b protein increased the susceptibility of shrimp to V. parahaemolyticus infection, while silencing of Wnt5b in vivo showed an opposite result. These suggested that Wnt5b plays a negative role in antibacterial response in shrimp. Together with previous reports, the current study shows that Wnt5b functions as an inhibitor for shrimp immunity, which is a potential target for improving immune responses against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zi-Ang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hongliang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhixun Guo
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, PR China; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute (CAFS), Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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11
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Ben-Moshe S, Veg T, Manco R, Dan S, Papinutti D, Lifshitz A, Kolodziejczyk AA, Bahar Halpern K, Elinav E, Itzkovitz S. The spatiotemporal program of zonal liver regeneration following acute injury. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:973-989.e10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Ebrahim N, Badr OAM, Yousef MM, Hassouna A, Sabry D, Farid AS, Mostafa O, Saihati HAA, Seleem Y, Abd El Aziz E, Khalil AH, Nawar A, Shoulah AA, Aljasir M, Mohamed AZ, El-Sherbiny M, Elsherbiny NM, Eladl MA, Forsyth NR, Salim RF. Functional Recellularization of Acellular Rat Liver Scaffold by Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Molecular Evidence for Wnt/B-Catenin Upregulation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112819. [PMID: 34831042 PMCID: PMC8616374 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation remains the only viable therapy for liver failure but has a severely restricted utility. Here, we aimed to decellularize rat livers to form acellular 3D bio-scaffolds suitable for seeding with induced pluripotent cells (iPSCs) as a tool to investigate the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in liver development and generation. METHODS Dissected rat livers were randomly divided into three groups: I (control); II (decellularized scaffolds) and III (recellularized scaffolds). Liver decellularization was established via an adapted perfusion procedure and assessed through the measurement of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and DNA content. Liver recellularization was assessed through histological examination and measurement of transcript levels of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, hepatogenesis, liver-specific microRNAs and growth factors essential for liver development. Adult rat liver decellularization was confirmed by the maintenance of ECM proteins and persistence of growth factors essential for liver regeneration. RESULTS iPSCs seeded rat decellularized livers displayed upregulated transcript expression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related, growth factors, and liver specification genes. Further, recellularized livers displayed restored liver-specific functions including albumin secretion and urea synthesis. CONCLUSION This establishes proof-of-principle for the generation of three-dimensional liver organ scaffolds as grafts and functional re-establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Ebrahim
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Banha 13511, Egypt; (N.E.); (M.M.Y.); (O.M.)
- Stem Cell Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Banha 13511, Egypt
| | - Omnia A. M. Badr
- Department of Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Banha 13511, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed M. Yousef
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Banha 13511, Egypt; (N.E.); (M.M.Y.); (O.M.)
| | - Amira Hassouna
- School of Public Health and Interdisciplinary Studies, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, AUT University, Auckland 1010, New Zealand;
| | - Dina Sabry
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt;
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bader University in Cairo, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Ayman Samir Farid
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Banha 13511, Egypt;
| | - Ola Mostafa
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Banha 13511, Egypt; (N.E.); (M.M.Y.); (O.M.)
| | - Hajir A. Al Saihati
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Albatin, Hafar Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yasmin Seleem
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Banha 13511, Egypt; (Y.S.); (E.A.E.A.)
| | - Eman Abd El Aziz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Banha 13511, Egypt; (Y.S.); (E.A.E.A.)
| | - Ahmed Hassan Khalil
- Department of Surgery & Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Banha 13511, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Nawar
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Banha 13511, Egypt; (A.N.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Ahmed A. Shoulah
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Banha 13511, Egypt; (A.N.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Mohammad Aljasir
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amira Zaki Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 71666, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Anatomy, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Nehal M. Elsherbiny
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: or (N.M.E.); (M.A.E.); (R.F.S.)
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Eladl
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: or (N.M.E.); (M.A.E.); (R.F.S.)
| | - Nicholas Robert Forsyth
- Guy Hilton Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle ST5 5BG, UK;
| | - Rabab F. Salim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Banha 13511, Egypt
- Correspondence: or (N.M.E.); (M.A.E.); (R.F.S.)
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13
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Kim M, Reinhard C, Niehrs C. A MET-PTPRK kinase-phosphatase rheostat controls ZNRF3 and Wnt signaling. eLife 2021; 10:70885. [PMID: 34590584 PMCID: PMC8516413 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc and ring finger 3 (ZNRF3) is a transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets Wnt receptors for ubiquitination and lysosomal degradation. Previously, we showed that dephosphorylation of an endocytic tyrosine motif (4Y motif) in ZNRF3 by protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-type kappa (PTPRK) promotes ZNRF3 internalization and Wnt receptor degradation (Chang et al 2020). However, a responsible protein tyrosine kinase(s) (PTK) phosphorylating the 4Y motif remained elusive. Here we identify the proto-oncogene MET (mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor) as a 4Y kinase. MET binds to ZNRF3 and induces 4Y phosphorylation, stimulated by the MET ligand HGF (hepatocyte growth factor, scatter factor). HGF-MET signaling reduces ZNRF3-dependent Wnt receptor degradation thereby enhancing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Conversely, depletion or pharmacological inhibition of MET promotes the internalization of ZNRF3 and Wnt receptor degradation. We conclude that HGF-MET signaling phosphorylates- and PTPRK dephosphorylates ZNRF3 to regulate ZNRF3 internalization, functioning as a rheostat for Wnt signaling that may offer novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseong Kim
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Reinhard
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
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14
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Huang M, Zhang D, Wu JY, Xing K, Yeo E, Li C, Zhang L, Holland E, Yao L, Qin L, Binder ZA, O'Rourke DM, Brem S, Koumenis C, Gong Y, Fan Y. Wnt-mediated endothelial transformation into mesenchymal stem cell-like cells induces chemoresistance in glioblastoma. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/532/eaay7522. [PMID: 32102932 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay7522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic resistance remains a persistent challenge for patients with malignant tumors. Here, we reveal that endothelial cells (ECs) acquire transformation into mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like cells in glioblastoma (GBM), driving tumor resistance to cytotoxic treatment. Transcriptome analysis by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed that ECs undergo mesenchymal transformation and stemness-like activation in GBM microenvironment. Furthermore, we identified a c-Met-mediated axis that induces β-catenin phosphorylation at Ser675 and Wnt signaling activation, inducing multidrug resistance-associated protein-1(MRP-1) expression and leading to EC stemness-like activation and chemoresistance. Last, genetic ablation of β-catenin in ECs overcome GBM tumor resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy in vivo. Combination of Wnt inhibition and TMZ chemotherapy eliminated tumor-associated ECs, inhibited GBM growth, and increased mouse survival. These findings identified a cell plasticity-based, microenvironment-dependent mechanism that controls tumor chemoresistance, and suggest that targeting Wnt/β-catenin-mediated EC transformation and stemness activation may overcome therapeutic resistance in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menggui Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Janet Y Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
| | - Kun Xing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eujin Yeo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chunsheng Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric Holland
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lutian Yao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zev A Binder
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Donald M O'Rourke
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Steven Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Constantinos Koumenis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yanqing Gong
- Division of Human Genetics and Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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15
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β-Catenin Activation in Hepatocellular Cancer: Implications in Biology and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081830. [PMID: 33921282 PMCID: PMC8069637 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Liver cancer is a dreadful tumor which has gradually increased in incidence all around the world. One major driver of liver cancer is the Wnt–β-catenin pathway which is active in a subset of these tumors. While this pathway is normally important in liver development, regeneration and homeostasis, it’s excessive activation due to mutations, is detrimental and leads to tumor cell growth, making it an important therapeutic target. There are also some unique characteristics of this pathway activation in liver cancer. It makes the tumor addicted to specific amino acids and in turn to mTOR signaling, which can be treated by certain existing therapies. In addition, activation of the Wnt–β-catenin in liver cancer appears to alter the immune cell landscape making it less likely to respond to the new immuno-oncology treatments. Thus, Wnt–β-catenin active tumors may need to be treated differently than non-Wnt–β-catenin active tumors. Abstract Hepatocellular cancer (HCC), the most common primary liver tumor, has been gradually growing in incidence globally. The whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing of HCC has led to an improved understanding of the molecular drivers of this tumor type. Activation of the Wnt signaling pathway, mostly due to stabilizing missense mutations in its downstream effector β-catenin (encoded by CTNNB1) or loss-of-function mutations in AXIN1 (the gene which encodes for Axin-1, an essential protein for β-catenin degradation), are seen in a major subset of HCC. Because of the important role of β-catenin in liver pathobiology, its role in HCC has been extensively investigated. In fact, CTNNB1 mutations have been shown to have a trunk role. β-Catenin has been shown to play an important role in regulating tumor cell proliferation and survival and in tumor angiogenesis, due to a host of target genes regulated by the β-catenin transactivation of its transcriptional factor TCF. Proof-of-concept preclinical studies have shown β-catenin to be a highly relevant therapeutic target in CTNNB1-mutated HCCs. More recently, studies have revealed a unique role of β-catenin activation in regulating both tumor metabolism as well as the tumor immune microenvironment. Both these roles have notable implications for the development of novel therapies for HCC. Thus, β-catenin has a pertinent role in driving HCC development and maintenance of this tumor-type, and could be a highly relevant therapeutic target in a subset of HCC cases.
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16
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To JC, Chiu AP, Tschida BR, Lo LH, Chiu CH, Li XX, Kuka TP, Linden MA, Amin K, Chan WC, Bell JB, Moriarity BS, Largaespada DA, Keng VW. ZBTB20 regulates WNT/CTNNB1 signalling pathway by suppressing PPARG during hepatocellular carcinoma tumourigenesis. JHEP Rep 2020; 3:100223. [PMID: 33604532 PMCID: PMC7873381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Zinc finger and BTB domain containing 20 (ZBTB20) has been implicated as a potential oncogene in liver cancer. However, knockout studies have shown it to be a transcriptional repressor of the alpha-foetoprotein (Afp) gene in adult liver, and reduced levels of ZBTB20 allow for upregulation of AFP with increased tumour severity in certain cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As there are many discrepancies in the literature regarding its role in liver tumourigenesis, the aim of this study was to elucidate the role of ZBTB20 in HCC tumourigenesis. Methods A reverse genetic study using the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system in mice was performed to elucidate the role of ZBTB20 in HCC tumourigenesis. In vitro ZBTB20 gain- and loss-of-function experiments were used to assess the relationship amongst ZBTB20, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG) and catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1). Results Transgenic overexpression of ZBTB20 in hepatocytes and in the context of transformation related protein (T r p53) inactivation induced hepatic hypertrophy, activation of WNT/CTNNB1 signalling, and development of liver tumours. In vitro overexpression and knockout experiments using CRISPR/Cas9 demonstrated the important role for ZBTB20 in downregulating PPARG, resulting in activation of the WNT/CTNNB1 signalling pathway and its downstream effectors in HCC tumourigenesis. Conclusions These findings demonstrate a novel interaction between ZBTB20 and PPARG, which leads to activation of the WNT/CTNNB1 signalling pathway in HCC tumourigenesis. Lay summary ZBTB20 has been implicated as a potential oncogene in liver cancer. Herein, we uncover its important role in liver cancer development. We show that it interacts with PPARG to upregulate the WNT/CTNNB1 signalling pathway, leading to tumourigenesis.
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Key Words
- AFP, alpha-foetoprotein
- BTB/POZ, broad complex
- CTNNB1
- CTNNB1, catenin beta 1
- Fah, fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase
- GSK3B, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HHL, immortalized human hepatic cell line
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- IF, immunofluorescence
- NTBC, 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione
- OFP, orange fluorescent protein
- PHI, post-hydrodynamic injection
- POK, POZ and Kruppel
- PPARG
- PPARG, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma
- Reverse genetic screen
- SB, Sleeping Beauty
- Sleeping Beauty
- ZBTB20
- ZBTB20, zinc finger and BTB domain containing 20
- qPCR, quantitative RT-PCR
- tramtrack, bric a brac/poxvirus and zinc finger
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C To
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Amy P Chiu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Barbara R Tschida
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Lilian H Lo
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Cynthia H Chiu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Xiao-Xiao Li
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Timothy P Kuka
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Michael A Linden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Khalid Amin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Wing-Cheung Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jason B Bell
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Branden S Moriarity
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - David A Largaespada
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Vincent W Keng
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
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17
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Walesky CM, Kolb KE, Winston CL, Henderson J, Kruft B, Fleming I, Ko S, Monga SP, Mueller F, Apte U, Shalek AK, Goessling W. Functional compensation precedes recovery of tissue mass following acute liver injury. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5785. [PMID: 33214549 PMCID: PMC7677389 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a central role in metabolism, protein synthesis and detoxification. It possesses unique regenerative capacity upon injury. While many factors regulating cellular proliferation during liver repair have been identified, the mechanisms by which the injured liver maintains vital functions prior to tissue recovery are unknown. Here, we identify a new phase of functional compensation following acute liver injury that occurs prior to cellular proliferation. By coupling single-cell RNA-seq with in situ transcriptional analyses in two independent murine liver injury models, we discover adaptive reprogramming to ensure expression of both injury response and core liver function genes dependent on macrophage-derived WNT/β-catenin signaling. Interestingly, transcriptional compensation is most prominent in non-proliferating cells, clearly delineating two temporally distinct phases of liver recovery. Overall, our work describes a mechanism by which the liver maintains essential physiological functions prior to cellular reconstitution and characterizes macrophage-derived WNT signals required for this compensation. The liver possesses the ability to regenerate following sudden injury. Here, the authors use single-cell RNA-sequencing and in situ transcriptional analyses to identify a new phase of liver regeneration in mice aimed at maintaining essential functions throughout the regenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Walesky
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kellie E Kolb
- Institute of Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Carolyn L Winston
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jake Henderson
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin Kruft
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ira Fleming
- Institute of Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sungjin Ko
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine; and Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Satdarshan P Monga
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine; and Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Florian Mueller
- Imaging and Modeling Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR 3691CNRS, C3BI USR 3756 IP CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Udayan Apte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Institute of Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA. .,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA. .,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02134, USA. .,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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18
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Wang YP, Fu XQ, Yin CL, Chou JY, Liu YX, Bai JX, Chen YJ, Wu Y, Wu JY, Wang XQ, Liu B, Yu ZL. A traditional Chinese medicine formula inhibits tumor growth in mice and regulates the miR-34b/c-Met/β-catenin pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 260:113065. [PMID: 32505839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Si-Jun-Zi-Tang (SJZT) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula used to treat chronic and debilitating diseases including melanoma. SJZT-based therapies have achieved good clinical outcomes in melanoma management. However, the pharmacological basis of SJZT for its clinical use in melanoma treatment is not fully understood. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the anti-melanoma effects and mechanism of action of an ethanolic extract of SJZT. MATERIALS AND METHODS SJZT was extracted using 50% ethanol. A murine B16 melanoma-bearing mouse model was employed to investigate the anti-melanoma effects of SJZT. microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA levels were examined by RT-qPCR, and protein levels were measured by Western blotting. RESULTS SJZT significantly inhibited B16 tumor growth in mice. Mechanistic investigations revealed that SJZT elevated miR-34b (a tumor suppressing miRNA), and lowered c-Met (a miR-34b target gene) and β-catenin (a downstream molecule of c-Met signaling) expression levels in the B16 tumors. CONCLUSIONS In this study we found, for the first time, that SJZT exerts anti-melanoma effects and regulates the miR-34b/c-Met/β-catenin pathway in a melanoma mouse model. Our findings provide pharmacological justifications for the clinical use of SJZT in treating melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Wang
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiu-Qiong Fu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng-Le Yin
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji-Yao Chou
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu-Xi Liu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing-Xuan Bai
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying-Jie Chen
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia-Ying Wu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Wang
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Jane Clare Transdermal TCM Therapy Laboratory, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
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19
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Oliva-Vilarnau N, Vorrink SU, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Lauschke VM. A 3D Cell Culture Model Identifies Wnt/ β-Catenin Mediated Inhibition of p53 as a Critical Step during Human Hepatocyte Regeneration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000248. [PMID: 32775153 PMCID: PMC7404138 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a highly regenerative organ. While mature hepatocytes under homeostatic conditions are largely quiescent, upon injury, they rapidly enter the cell cycle to recover the damaged tissue. In rodents, a variety of injury models have provided important insights into the molecular underpinnings that govern the proliferative activation of quiescent hepatocytes. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of human hepatocyte regeneration and experimental methods to expand primary human hepatocytes (PHH). Here, a 3D spheroid model of PHH is established to study hepatocyte regeneration and integrative time-lapse multi-omics analyses show that upon isolation from the native liver PHH acquire a regenerative phenotype, as seen in vivo upon partial hepatectomy. However, proliferation is limited. By analyzing global promoter motif activities, it is predicted that activation of Wnt/β-catenin and inhibition of p53 signaling are critical factors required for human hepatocyte proliferation. Functional validations reveal that activation of Wnt signaling through external cues alone is sufficient to inhibit p53 and its proliferative senescence-inducing target PAI1 (SERPINE1) and drive proliferation of >50% of all PHH. A scalable 3D culture model is established to study the molecular and cellular biology of human hepatocyte regeneration. By using this model, an essential role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during human hepatocyte regeneration is identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Oliva-Vilarnau
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm 171 77 Sweden
| | - Sabine U Vorrink
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm 171 77 Sweden
| | | | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm 171 77 Sweden
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20
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21
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Chen K, Liu XH, Wang FR, Liu HP, Huang ZP, Chen X. The prognostic value of decreased NDRG1 expression in patients with digestive system cancers: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12455. [PMID: 30313035 PMCID: PMC6203522 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digestive system cancers are recognized as associated with high morbidity and mortality. It is generally accepted that N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is aberrantly overexpressed or downregulated in digestive system cancers, and its prognostic value remains controversial. Accordingly, we herein conducted a meta-analysis to explore whether NDRG1 expression is correlated with overall survival (OS) and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with digestive system cancers. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for eligible studies up to June 6, 2017. In all, 19 publications with 21 studies, were included. RESULTS The pooled results showed that low NDRG1 expression was significantly associated with worse OS in colorectal cancer (pooled HR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.22-2.28, P < .001) and pancreatic cancer (pooled HR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1-3.5, P < .0001). Moreover, the relationships between low NDRG1 expression and higher OS ratio of patients with liver cancer (pooled HR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.32-0.62, P = .009) and gallbladder cancer (pooled HR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.23-1.38, P = .01) were observed. Nevertheless, no significant association was observed between low NDRG1 expression and OS in gastric cancer (pooled HR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.45-1.43, P = .46) or esophageal cancer (pooled HR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.26-2.24, P = .62). CONCLUSION The prognostic significance of NDRG1 expression varies according to cancer type in patients with DSCs. Considering that several limitations existed in this meta-analysis, more studies are required to further assess the prognostic value of NDRG1 expression in patients with DSCs and relevant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chen
- Department of General Surgery
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- Department of General Surgery
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors
| | - Fu-Rong Wang
- Department of General Surgery
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors
- Department of pathology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hai-Peng Liu
- Department of General Surgery
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors
| | - Ze-Ping Huang
- Department of General Surgery
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of General Surgery
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors
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22
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McGreal SR, Rumi K, Soares MJ, Woolbright BL, Jaeschke H, Apte U. Disruption of Estrogen Receptor Alpha in Rats Results in Faster Initiation of Compensatory Regeneration Despite Higher Liver Injury After Carbon Tetrachloride Treatment. Int J Toxicol 2017; 36:199-206. [PMID: 28481132 DOI: 10.1177/1091581817706067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) is 1 of the 2 intracellular receptors for estrogen and is expressed by hepatocytes in the liver. The role of ESR1 in the regulation of toxicant-induced liver injury and compensatory regeneration is not completely clear. We investigated the role of ESR1 in liver regeneration after carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury using wild type (WT) and ESR1 knockout (ESR1-KO) rats. Adult female WT and ESR1-KO rats were treated with 1 mL/kg CCl4 and euthanized over a time course of 0 to 48 hours. Liver injury measured by serum alanine amino transaminase, and histopathological analysis showed significantly higher liver injury in ESR1-KO as compared to WT rats. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed 2-fold higher necrosis and significant inflammatory cell infiltration in ESR1-KO rats. Chloracetate esterase staining revealed higher neutrophil infiltration in ESR1-KO rat livers. Interestingly, proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry showed that in spite of 2-fold higher liver injury, the ESR1-KO rats had equal liver regeneration as compared to WT rats. Western blot analysis of cyclin D1 and phosphorylated Rb, proteins involved in the initiation of the cell cycle, was significantly higher at all time points in ESR1-KO rats. Further analysis revealed faster activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB signaling in ESR1-KO rats characterized by higher activated β-catenin and phosphorylated p65 at 12 hours after CCl4 treatment. Taken together, these data indicate that ESR1-mediated signaling inhibits liver regeneration by downregulation of Wnt signaling resulting in lower cyclin D1 activation after chemical-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R McGreal
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Karim Rumi
- 2 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Michael J Soares
- 2 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Benjamin L Woolbright
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Udayan Apte
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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23
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Platelets prime hematopoietic and vascular niche to drive angiocrine-mediated liver regeneration. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2017; 2. [PMID: 29201496 PMCID: PMC5661617 DOI: 10.1038/sigtrans.2016.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the livers regenerate after chemical injury or resection of hepatic lobe by hepatectomy. How liver regeneration is initiated after mass loss remains to be defined. Here, we report that following liver injury, activated platelets deploy SDF-1 and VEGF-A to stimulate CXCR7+ liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC) and VEGFR1+ myeloid cell, orchestrating hepatic regeneration. After carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injection or hepatectomy, platelets and CD11b+VEGFR1+ myeloid cells were recruited LSEC, and liver regeneration in both models was impaired in thrombopoietin-deficient (Thpo-/-) mice lacking circulating platelets. This impeded regeneration phenotype was recapitulated in mice with either conditional ablation of Cxcr7 in LSEC (Cxcr7iΔ/iΔ) or Vegfr1 in myeloid cell (Vegfr1lysM/lysM). Both Vegfr1lysM/lysM and Cxcr7iΔ/iΔ mice exhibited suppressed expression of hepatocyte growth factor and Wnt2, two crucial trophogenic angiocrine factors instigating hepatocyte propagation. Of note, administration of recombinant thrombopoietin restored the prohibited liver regeneration in the tested genetic models. As such, our data suggest that platelets and myeloid cells jointly activate the vascular niche to produce pro-regenerative endothelial paracrine/angiocrine factors. Modulating this "hematopoietic-vascular niche" might help to develop regenerative therapy strategy for hepatic disorders.
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24
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Li C, Chang L, Chen Z, Liu Z, Wang Y, Ye Q. The role of lncRNA MALAT1 in the regulation of hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:347-356. [PMID: 28075444 PMCID: PMC5358694 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring the biological functions of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has come to the foreground in recent years. Studies have indicated that the lncRNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) not only regulates tumorigenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma, but also controls cell cycle progression in hematopoietic cells. The present study was designed to investigate the biological role of lncRNA MALAT1 in liver regeneration. We carried out a series of assays during liver regeneration following 2/3 partial hepatectomy in mice. We explored the functions of lncRNA MALAT1 with a series of functional analyses in vitro. We found that MALAT1 was upregulated during liver regeneration. Moreover, MALAT1 accelerated hepatocyte proliferation by stimulating cell cycle progression from the G1 to the S phase and inhibiting apoptosis in vitro. In addition, our findings also demonstrated that MALAT1 was regulated by p53 during liver regeneration, and that p53 may be a key upstream regulator of MALAT1 activity. Mechanistically, we found that MALAT1 activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by inhibiting the expression of Axin1 and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and subsequently promoting the expression of cyclin D1. On the whole, the findings of this study suggest that MALAT1 is a critical molecule for liver regeneration. Pharmacological interventions targeting MALAT1 may thus prove to be therapeutically beneficial in liver failure or liver transplantation by promoting liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Li
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zhiquan Chen
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zhongzhong Liu
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Qifa Ye
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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25
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Ding BS, Liu CH, Sun Y, Chen Y, Swendeman SL, Jung B, Chavez D, Cao Z, Christoffersen C, Nielsen LB, Schwab SR, Rafii S, Hla T. HDL activation of endothelial sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1P 1) promotes regeneration and suppresses fibrosis in the liver. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e87058. [PMID: 28018969 PMCID: PMC5161208 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.87058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of hepatic sinusoidal vasculature is essential for non-fibrotic liver regrowth and restoration of its metabolic capacity. However, little is known about how this specialized vascular niche is regenerated. Here we show that activation of endothelial sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1P1) by its natural ligand bound to HDL (HDL-S1P) induces liver regeneration and curtails fibrosis. In mice lacking HDL-S1P, liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy was impeded and associated with aberrant vascular remodeling, thrombosis and peri-sinusoidal fibrosis. Notably, this "maladaptive repair" phenotype was recapitulated in mice that lack S1P1 in the endothelium. Reciprocally, enhanced plasma levels of HDL-S1P or administration of SEW2871, a pharmacological agonist specific for S1P1 enhanced regeneration of metabolically functional vasculature and alleviated fibrosis in mouse chronic injury and cholestasis models. This study shows that natural and pharmacological ligands modulate endothelial S1P1 to stimulate liver regeneration and inhibit fibrosis, suggesting that activation of this pathway may be a novel therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Sen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Catherine H Liu
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yutian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Steven L Swendeman
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA.,Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bongnam Jung
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Deebly Chavez
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhongwei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christina Christoffersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Lars Bo Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susan R Schwab
- Department of Pathology, Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Timothy Hla
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA.,Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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26
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Taguchi YH, Iwadate M, Umeyama H. SFRP1 is a possible candidate for epigenetic therapy in non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2016; 9 Suppl 1:28. [PMID: 27534621 PMCID: PMC4989892 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-016-0196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a lethal disease despite many proposed treatments. Recent studies have indicated that epigenetic therapy, which targets epigenetic effects, might be a new therapeutic methodology for NSCLC. However, it is not clear which objects (e.g., genes) this treatment specifically targets. Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) are promising candidates for epigenetic therapy in many cancers, but there have been no reports of SFRPs targeted by epigenetic therapy for NSCLC. Methods This study performed a meta-analysis of reprogrammed NSCLC cell lines instead of the direct examination of epigenetic therapy treatment to identify epigenetic therapy targets. In addition, mRNA expression/promoter methylation profiles were processed by recently proposed principal component analysis based unsupervised feature extraction and categorical regression analysis based feature extraction. Results The Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway was extensively enriched among 32 genes identified by feature extraction. Among the genes identified, SFRP1 was specifically indicated to target β-catenin, and thus might be targeted by epigenetic therapy in NSCLC cell lines. A histone deacetylase inhibitor might reactivate SFRP1 based upon the re-analysis of a public domain data set. Numerical computation validated the binding of SFRP1 to WNT1 to suppress Wnt signalling pathway activation in NSCLC. Conclusions The meta-analysis of reprogrammed NSCLC cell lines identified SFRP1 as a promising target of epigenetic therapy for NSCLC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12920-016-0196-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-H Taguchi
- Department of Physics, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, 112-8551, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Mitsuo Iwadate
- Department of Biological Science, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, 112-8551, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Umeyama
- Department of Biological Science, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, 112-8551, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Progranulin promotes the retinal precursor cell proliferation and the photoreceptor differentiation in the mouse retina. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23811. [PMID: 27030285 PMCID: PMC4814875 DOI: 10.1038/srep23811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN) is a secreted growth factor associated with embryo development, tissue repair, and inflammation. In a previous study, we showed that adipose-derived stem cell-conditioned medium (ASC-CM) is rich in PGRN. In the present study, we investigated whether PGRN is associated with retinal regeneration in the mammalian retina. We evaluated the effect of ASC-CM using the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced retinal damage model in mice. ASC-CM promoted the differentiation of photoreceptor cells following retinal damage. PGRN increased the number of BrdU+ cells in the outer nuclear layer following retinal damage some of which were Rx (retinal precursor cell marker) positive. PGRN also increased the number of rhodopsin+ photoreceptor cells in primary retinal cell cultures. SU11274, a hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor inhibitor, attenuated the increase. These findings suggest that PGRN may affect the differentiation of retinal precursor cells to photoreceptor cells through the HGF receptor signaling pathway.
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Ma Y, Lv X, He J, Liu T, Wen S, Wang L. Wnt agonist stimulates liver regeneration after small-for-size liver transplantation in rats. Hepatol Res 2016; 46:E154-64. [PMID: 26176339 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Liver regeneration is inhibited in small-for-size grafts, which plays a role in the failure of partial liver grafts after transplantation. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a critical role in liver development, regeneration and homeostasis. In this study, we investigated whether pharmacological activation of Wnt signaling improves liver regeneration after small-for-size liver transplantation. METHODS The livers of male Sprague-Dawley rats were reduced to approximately 50% and 30% of their original sizes and transplanted. A Wnt agonist (2-amino-4-[3,4-[methylenedioxy]benzylamino]-6-[3-methoxyphenyl] pyrimidine], 5 mg/kg bodyweight) or an equal volume of vehicle was administrated i.p. into the donor 1 h before the transplantation. Tissue and blood samples were collected at various times after transplantation, and a survival study was performed. RESULTS Hepatic expression of active β-catenin and its downstream target gene Axin2 were decreased in 30% of liver grafts after transplantation while the Wnt agonist increased their expression similar to the 50% liver grafts. The Wnt agonist reversed inhibition of cyclin D1 expression and adenosine triphosphate production in the 30% liver grafts compared with the 50% grafts. The Wnt agonist also attenuated hepatocellular injury and increased the hepatocyte proliferation response, liver regeneration rate and survival after transplantation of the 30% liver graft. CONCLUSION Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in liver grafts by pharmacological pretreatment can accelerate regeneration in a partial liver transplant model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China.,Organ Transplantation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiangwei Lv
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinjing He
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tianqing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Friendship Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuang Wen
- Department of Pathology, Friendship Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Yang K, Wang X, Zhang H, Wang Z, Nan G, Li Y, Zhang F, Mohammed MK, Haydon RC, Luu HH, Bi Y, He TC. The evolving roles of canonical WNT signaling in stem cells and tumorigenesis: implications in targeted cancer therapies. J Transl Med 2016; 96:116-36. [PMID: 26618721 PMCID: PMC4731283 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway governs a myriad of biological processes underlying the development and maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis, including regulation of stem cell self-renewal, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. WNTs are secreted lipid-modified glycoproteins that act as short-range ligands to activate receptor-mediated signaling pathways. The hallmark of the canonical pathway is the activation of β-catenin-mediated transcriptional activity. Canonical WNTs control the β-catenin dynamics as the cytoplasmic level of β-catenin is tightly regulated via phosphorylation by the 'destruction complex', consisting of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), casein kinase 1α (CK1α), the scaffold protein AXIN, and the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). Aberrant regulation of this signaling cascade is associated with varieties of human diseases, especially cancers. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of canonical WNT signaling. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of WNT signaling at the extracellular, cytoplasmic membrane, and intracellular/nuclear levels, including the emerging knowledge of cross-talk with other pathways. Recent progresses in developing novel WNT pathway-targeted therapies will also be reviewed. Thus, this review is intended to serve as a refresher of the current understanding about the physiologic and pathogenic roles of WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, and to outline potential therapeutic opportunities by targeting the canonical WNT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing, China, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Department of Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing, China, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Guoxin Nan
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing, China, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yasha Li
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing, China, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Fugui Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Maryam K. Mohammed
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yang Bi
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing, China, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Corresponding authors T.-C. He, MD, PhD, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Tel. (773) 702-7169; Fax (773) 834-4598, , Yang Bi, MD, PhD, Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400046, China, Tel. 011-86-23-63633113; Fax: 011-86-236362690,
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing, China, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, Corresponding authors T.-C. He, MD, PhD, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Tel. (773) 702-7169; Fax (773) 834-4598, , Yang Bi, MD, PhD, Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400046, China, Tel. 011-86-23-63633113; Fax: 011-86-236362690,
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Abshagen K, Senne M, Genz B, Thomas M, Vollmar B. Differential Effects of Axin2 Deficiency on the Fibrogenic and Regenerative Response in Livers of Bile Duct-Ligated Mice. Eur Surg Res 2015; 55:328-340. [DOI: 10.1159/000441278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Wnt signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Axin2 is a negative regulator of the canonical Wnt pathway by promoting β-catenin degradation. β-Catenin-activating and loss-of-function mutations of Axin2 are thought to be functionally relevant for liver diseases and cancer. Thus, we hypothesized that Axin2 deficiency promotes fibrogenesis. Methods: As the functions and mechanisms of how Axin2/β-catenin signaling participates in the progression of liver fibrosis are unclear, we investigated the progression of liver fibrosis in Axin2-deficient mice using Axin2-LacZ reporter mice (Axin2+/-, Axin2-/-, and Axin2+/+) which underwent bile duct ligation (BDL). Results: Here, we show that the expression of Axin2 is downregulated during fibrogenesis in wild-type mice, which is consistent with a decreased expression of the reporter gene LacZ in Axin2+/- and Axin2-/- mice. Surprisingly, no alteration in active β-catenin/Wnt signaling occurs in Axin2-deficient mice upon BDL. Despite a less pronounced liver injury, Axin2 deficiency had only minor and no significant effects on the fibrogenic response upon BDL, i.e. slightly reduced hepatic stellate cell activity and collagen mRNA expression. However, livers of Axin2-/- mice shared a stronger cell proliferation both already at baseline as well as immediately after BDL. Conclusion: Our results strongly suggest, contrary to expectation, that a deficiency in Axin2 is not equivalent to an increase in active β-catenin and target genes, indicating no functional relevance of Axin2-dependent regulation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the progression of cholestatic liver injury. This also suggests that the negligible effects of Axin2 deficiency during fibrogenesis may be related to an alternative pathway.
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Ji F, Liu X, Wu Y, Fang X, Huang G. Overexpression of PI3K p110α contributes to acquired resistance to MET inhibitor, in MET-amplified SNU-5 gastric xenografts. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:5697-704. [PMID: 26543351 PMCID: PMC4622552 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s89410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most virulent malignant diseases and is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the world. The receptor tyrosine kinase MET is constitutively activated in many gastric cancers and its expression is strictly required for survival of some gastric cancer cells. Targeting gastric cancers with amplified or abnormally activated MET may have therapeutic benefit based on nonclinical and emerging clinical findings. However, one of the major problems of therapies targeting tyrosine kinases is that many tumors are not responsive to treatment or eventually develop resistance to the drugs. This study aims to understand the mechanisms of MET resistance in gastric SNU-5 xenografts which developed resistance to PHA665752, a MET inhibitor, through long-period tyrosine kinase inhibitor exposure. In the current study, we found that PI3K p110α is overexpressed in PHA665752-resistant SNU-5 xenografts. These findings showed that high PI3K p110α expression contributes to tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance. In addition, we reported the development of a carcinogen-induced gastric cancer model that recapitulates PI3K p110α expression in human disease, which will serve as a useful model to study PI3K p110α's biology and its effectiveness as a novel biomarker and a molecular target for gastric cancer. Ultimately, PI3K p110α represents a novel target for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujian Ji
- Department of General Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanwen Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Jilin Central Hospital, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyu Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuedong Fang
- Department of General Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Guomin Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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32
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Bloomer SA, Brown KE. Tumour promotion versus tumour suppression in chronic hepatic iron overload. Cell Biochem Funct 2015; 33:241-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven A. Bloomer
- Division of Science and Engineering; Penn State Abington College; Abington PA USA
| | - Kyle E. Brown
- Iowa City Veterans Administration Medical Center; Iowa City IA USA
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology; University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine; Iowa City IA USA
- Program in Free Radical and Radiation Biology; University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine; Iowa City IA USA
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Monga SP. β-Catenin Signaling and Roles in Liver Homeostasis, Injury, and Tumorigenesis. Gastroenterology 2015; 148:1294-310. [PMID: 25747274 PMCID: PMC4494085 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
β-catenin (encoded by CTNNB1) is a subunit of the cell surface cadherin protein complex that acts as an intracellular signal transducer in the WNT signaling pathway; alterations in its activity have been associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and other liver diseases. Other than WNT, additional signaling pathways also can converge at β-catenin. β-catenin also interacts with transcription factors such as T-cell factor, forkhead box protein O, and hypoxia inducible factor 1α to regulate the expression of target genes. We discuss the role of β-catenin in metabolic zonation of the adult liver. β-catenin also regulates the expression of genes that control metabolism of glucose, nutrients, and xenobiotics; alterations in its activity may contribute to the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Alterations in β-catenin signaling may lead to activation of hepatic stellate cells, which is required for fibrosis. Many hepatic tumors such as hepatocellular adenomas, hepatocellular cancers, and hepatoblastomas have mutations in CTNNB1 that result in constitutive activation of β-catenin, so this molecule could be a therapeutic target. We discuss how alterations in β-catenin activity contribute to liver disease and how these might be used in diagnosis and prognosis, as well as in the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satdarshan Pal Monga
- Department of Pathology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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34
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Wang Z, Sheng YY, Gao XM, Wang CQ, Wang XY, Lu XU, Wei JW, Zhang KL, Dong QZ, Qin LX. β-catenin mutation is correlated with a favorable prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 3:936-940. [PMID: 26171210 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2015.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The β-catenin gene is frequently mutated in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and has long been thought to be one of the major oncogenes involved in the hepatocarcinogenesis. The prognostic role of β-catenin mutation in HCC remains unclear. To address this issue, a search for relevant studies was performed in the PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases. The pooled effect was calculated from the available data to evaluate the correlation of β-catenin mutation with overall survival rate and tumor clinicopathological features in patients with HCC. The pooled odds ratio (OR) was calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel model for fixed effects. Three studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 618 cases were included, and β-catenin mutation was identified in 104 of them. The meta-analysis revealed that the presence of β-catenin mutation (n=104), compared with the control group (n=514), was correlated with a longer overall survival rate [OR, 0.33; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.21-0.53; P<0.00001] in patients with HCC. No significant heterogeneity was found among the eligible studies (I2=0%; P=0.72). β-catenin mutation was correlated with a relatively lower rate of hepatitis B virus infection (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.21-0.61; P=0.0002), improved tumor differentiation (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.19-0.56; P<0.0001) and a lower tumor-node-metastasis stage (I+II) (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.14-0.38; P<0.00001). These findings suggest that β-catenin mutation may predict a favorable prognosis in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China ; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Sheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Mei Gao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chao-Qun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China ; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Yu Wang
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China ; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - X U Lu
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China ; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Wang Wei
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Kai-Li Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Qiong-Zhu Dong
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China ; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Lun-Xiu Qin
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China ; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Li SY, Huang PH, Tarng DC, Lin TP, Yang WC, Chang YH, Yang AH, Lin CC, Yang MH, Chen JW, Schmid-Schönbein GW, Chien S, Chu PH, Lin SJ. Four-and-a-Half LIM Domains Protein 2 Is a Coactivator of Wnt Signaling in Diabetic Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:3072-84. [PMID: 25855776 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a microvascular complication that leads to kidney dysfunction and ESRD, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Podocyte Wnt-pathway activation has been demonstrated to be a trigger mechanism for various proteinuric diseases. Notably, four-and-a-half LIM domains protein 2 (FHL2) is highly expressed in urogenital systems and has been implicated in Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Here, we used in vitro podocyte culture experiments and a streptozotocin-induced DKD model in FHL2 gene-knockout mice to determine the possible role of FHL2 in DKD and to clarify its association with the Wnt pathway. In human and mouse kidney tissues, FHL2 protein was abundantly expressed in podocytes but not in renal tubular cells. Treatment with high glucose or diabetes-related cytokines, including angiotensin II and TGF-β1, activated FHL2 protein and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cultured podocytes. This activation also upregulated FHL2 expression and promoted FHL2 translocation from cytosol to nucleus. Genetic deletion of the FHL2 gene mitigated the podocyte dedifferentiation caused by activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling under Wnt-On, but not under Wnt-Off, conditions. Diabetic FHL2(+/+) mice developed markedly increased albuminuria and thickening of the glomerular basement membrane compared with nondiabetic FHL2(+/+) mice. However, FHL2 knockout significantly attenuated these DKD-induced changes. Furthermore, kidney samples from patients with diabetes had a higher degree of FHL2 podocyte nuclear translocation, which was positively associated with albuminuria and progressive renal function deterioration. Therefore, we conclude that FHL2 has both structural and functional protein-protein interactions with β-catenin in the podocyte nucleus and that FHL2 protein inhibition can mitigate Wnt/β-catenin-induced podocytopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Yuan Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Der-Cherng Tarng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ping Lin
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chang Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hwa Chang
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Hang Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Institute and Department of Pharmacology, and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Geert W Schmid-Schönbein
- The Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Shu Chien
- Departments of Bioengineering, Nanoengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | - Pao-Hsien Chu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine; Healthcare Center; Heart Failure Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Institute and Department of Pharmacology, and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy is the only example of a regenerative process in mammals in which the organ/body weight ratio returns to 100% of the original when the process is complete. The adjustment of liver weight to the needs of the body suggests a complicated set of control points, a 'hepatostat'. There has been much progress in elucidation of mechanisms involved in initiation of liver regeneration. More recent studies have focused on termination pathways, because these may be the underlying controls of the hepatostat and their elimination may be relevant to hepatic neoplasia. When the standard regenerative process is thwarted due to failure of either hepatocytes or biliary epithelial cells to proliferate, each of the two epithelial compartments can function as a source of facultative stem cells for the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- George K Michalopoulos
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Bioscience Tower South, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Etnyre D, Stone AL, Fong JT, Jacobs RJ, Uppada SB, Botting GM, Rajanna S, Moravec DN, Shambannagari MR, Crees Z, Girard J, Bertram C, Puri N. Targeting c-Met in melanoma: mechanism of resistance and efficacy of novel combinatorial inhibitor therapy. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:1129-41. [PMID: 24914950 PMCID: PMC4128856 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.29451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting c-Met are currently in clinical trials for several cancers. Their efficacy is limited due to the development of resistance. The present study aims to elucidate this mechanism of c-Met TKI resistance by investigating key mTOR and Wnt signaling proteins in melanoma cell lines resistant to SU11274, a c-Met TKI. Xenografts from RU melanoma cells treated with c-Met TKIs SU11274 and JNJ38877605 showed a 7- and 6-fold reduction in tumor size, respectively. Resistant cells displayed upregulation of phosphorylated c-Met, mTOR, p70S6Kinase, 4E-BP1, ERK, LRP6, and active β-catenin. In addition, GATA-6, a Wnt signaling regulator, was upregulated, and Axin, a negative regulator of the Wnt pathway, was downregulated in resistant cells. Modulation of these mTOR and Wnt pathway proteins was also prevented by combination treatment with SU11274, everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, and XAV939, a Wnt inhibitor. Treatment with everolimus, resulted in 56% growth inhibition, and a triple combination of SU11274, everolimus and XAV939, resulted in 95% growth inhibition in RU cells. The V600E BRAF mutation was found to be positive only in MU cells. Combination treatment with a c-Met TKI and a BRAF inhibitor displayed a synergistic effect in reducing MU cell viability. These studies indicate activation of mTOR and Wnt signaling pathways in c-Met TKI resistant melanoma cells and suggest that concurrent targeting of c-Met, mTOR, and Wnt pathways and BRAF may improve efficacy over traditional TKI monotherapy in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deven Etnyre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Illinois College of Medicine; Rockford, IL USA
| | - Amanda L Stone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Illinois College of Medicine; Rockford, IL USA
| | - Jason T Fong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Illinois College of Medicine; Rockford, IL USA
| | - Ryan J Jacobs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Illinois College of Medicine; Rockford, IL USA
| | - Srijayaprakash B Uppada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Illinois College of Medicine; Rockford, IL USA
| | - Gregory M Botting
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Illinois College of Medicine; Rockford, IL USA
| | - Supriya Rajanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Illinois College of Medicine; Rockford, IL USA
| | - David N Moravec
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Illinois College of Medicine; Rockford, IL USA
| | - Manohar R Shambannagari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Illinois College of Medicine; Rockford, IL USA
| | - Zachary Crees
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Illinois College of Medicine; Rockford, IL USA
| | - Jennifer Girard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Illinois College of Medicine; Rockford, IL USA
| | - Ceyda Bertram
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Illinois College of Medicine; Rockford, IL USA
| | - Neelu Puri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Illinois College of Medicine; Rockford, IL USA
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Arterbery AS, Bogue CW. Endodermal and mesenchymal cross talk: a crossroad for the maturation of foregut organs. Pediatr Res 2014; 75:120-6. [PMID: 24192700 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2013.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The developmental stages of each foregut organ are intimately linked to the development of the other foregut organs such that the ultimate function of any one foregut organ, such as the metabolic function of the liver, depends on organizational changes associated with the maturation of multiple foregut organs. These changes include: (i) proliferation of the intrahepatic bile ducts and hepatoblasts within the liver coinciding with parenchymal expansion, (ii) elongation of extrahepatic bile ducts, which allows for proper gallbladder (GB) formation, and (iii) duodenal elongation and rotation, which coincides with all of the above to connect the intrahepatic, extrahepatic, and pancreatic ductal systems with the intestine. It is well established that cross talk between endodermal and mesenchymal components of the foregut occurs, particularly regarding the vascularization of developing organs. Furthermore, genetic mutations in mesenchymal and hepatic compartments of the developing foregut result in similar foregut pathologies: hypoplastic liver, absence of GB, biliary atresia (intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic), and failure of gut elongation and rotation. Finally, these shared pathologies can be linked to deficiencies in genes specific to the septum transversum mesenchyme (Hes1, Hlx, and Foxf1) or liver (Hhex and Hnf6), illustrating the complexity of such cross talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Arterbery
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Clifford W Bogue
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Abstract
Liver regeneration is perhaps the most studied example of compensatory growth aimed to replace loss of tissue in an organ. Hepatocytes, the main functional cells of the liver, manage to proliferate to restore mass and to simultaneously deliver all functions hepatic functions necessary to maintain body homeostasis. They are the first cells to respond to regenerative stimuli triggered by mitogenic growth factor receptors MET (the hepatocyte growth factor receptor] and epidermal growth factor receptor and complemented by auxiliary mitogenic signals induced by other cytokines. Termination of liver regeneration is a complex process affected by integrin mediated signaling and it restores the organ to its original mass as determined by the needs of the body (hepatostat function). When hepatocytes cannot proliferate, progenitor cells derived from the biliary epithelium transdifferentiate to restore the hepatocyte compartment. In a reverse situation, hepatocytes can also transdifferentiate to restore the biliary compartment. Several hormones and xenobiotics alter the hepatostat directly and induce an increase in liver to body weight ratio (augmentative hepatomegaly). The complex challenges of the liver toward body homeostasis are thus always preserved by complex but unfailing responses involving orchestrated signaling and affecting growth and differentiation of all hepatic cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- George K Michalopoulos
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Thoolen B, Ten Kate FJW, Castigliego D, van Diest PJ, Malarkey DE, Elmore SA, Maronpot RR. Comparative immunohistochemical investigation of rat and human hepatocellular carcinomas. J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/2046023613y.0000000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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41
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Graveel CR, Tolbert D, Vande Woude GF. MET: a critical player in tumorigenesis and therapeutic target. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2013; 5:a009209. [PMID: 23818496 PMCID: PMC3685898 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a009209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery more than 25 years ago, numerous studies have established that the MET receptor is unique among tyrosine kinases. Signaling through MET is necessary for normal development and for the progression of a wide range of human cancers. MET activation has been shown to drive numerous signaling pathways; however, it is not clear how MET signaling mediates diverse cellular responses such as motility, invasion, growth, and angiogenesis. Great strides have been made in understanding the pleotropic aspects of MET signaling using three-dimensional molecular structures, cell culture systems, human tumors, and animal models. These combined approaches have driven the development of MET-targeted therapeutics that have shown promising results in the clinic. Here we examine the unique features of MET and hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) structure and signaling, mutational activation, genetic mouse models of MET and HGF/SF, and MET-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie R Graveel
- Molecular Oncology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
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Abstract
Wnt/Ctnnb1 and Notch signaling play key roles in kidney development and epithelial cell specification. Recent reports have suggested that these pathways are reactivated in response to injury and in different disease conditions. Studies using genetically modified animal models showed that sustained activation of Notch and Wnt signaling in podocytes are causally related to albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis development. Here, we discuss the role and regulation of Wnt/Ctnnb1 and Notch signaling in podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Kato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Teikyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Kim KH, Seol HJ, Kim EH, Rheey J, Jin HJ, Lee Y, Joo KM, Lee J, Nam DH. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a key downstream mediator of MET signaling in glioblastoma stem cells. Neuro Oncol 2012; 15:161-71. [PMID: 23258844 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal and common type of primary brain tumor. Recent evidence suggests that a subpopulation of GBM cells (glioblastoma stem cells [GSCs]) is critical for tumor progression, invasion, and therapeutic resistance. We and others have demonstrated that MET, a receptor tyrosine kinase, positively regulates the stemness phenotype and radioresistance of GSCs. Here, we interrogated the downstream effector pathways of MET signaling in GSCs. METHODS We have established a series of GSCs and xenograft tumors derived from freshly dissociated specimens from patients with GBM and characterized a subpopulation enriched with MET activation (MET(high/+)). Through global expression profiling and subsequent pathways analysis, we identified signaling pathways that are enriched in MET(high/+) populations, one of which is Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. To determine molecular interaction and the biological consequences of MET and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, we used pharmacological and shRNA-mediated genetic inhibition and performed various molecular and cellular analyses, including flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and clonogenicity assays. RESULTS We found that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is highly active in MET(high/+) cells, compared with bulk tumor cells. We also showed that Wnt/β-catenin signaling activities in GBM are directly modulated by the addition of ligand-mediated MET activation or MET inhibition. Furthermore, the ectopic expression of active-β-catenin (S37A and S45Y) rescued the phenotypic effects caused by MET inhibition. CONCLUSION These data suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a key downstream effector of MET signaling and contributes to the maintenance of GSC and GBM malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Ho Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, South Korea
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Kang LI, Mars WM, Michalopoulos GK. Signals and cells involved in regulating liver regeneration. Cells 2012; 1:1261-92. [PMID: 24710554 PMCID: PMC3901148 DOI: 10.3390/cells1041261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver regeneration is a complex phenomenon aimed at maintaining a constant liver mass in the event of injury resulting in loss of hepatic parenchyma. Partial hepatectomy is followed by a series of events involving multiple signaling pathways controlled by mitogenic growth factors (HGF, EGF) and their receptors (MET and EGFR). In addition multiple cytokines and other signaling molecules contribute to the orchestration of a signal which drives hepatocytes into DNA synthesis. The other cell types of the liver receive and transmit to hepatocytes complex signals so that, in the end of the regenerative process, complete hepatic tissue is assembled and regeneration is terminated at the proper time and at the right liver size. If hepatocytes fail to participate in this process, the biliary compartment is mobilized to generate populations of progenitor cells which transdifferentiate into hepatocytes and restore liver size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-I Kang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Wendy M Mars
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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45
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Nejak-Bowen K, Monga SP. Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in hepatic organogenesis. Organogenesis 2012; 4:92-9. [PMID: 19279720 DOI: 10.4161/org.4.2.5855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling has come to the forefront of liver biology in recent years. This pathway regulates key pathophysiological events inherent to the liver including development, regeneration and cancer, by dictating several biological processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, adhesion, zonation and metabolism in various cells of the liver. This review will examine the studies that have uncovered the relevant roles of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling during the process of liver development. We will discuss the potential roles of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling during the phases of development, including competence, hepatic induction, expansion and morphogenesis. In addition, we will discuss the role of negative and positive regulation of this pathway and how the temporal expression of Wnt/beta-catenin can direct key processes during hepatic development. We will also identify some of the major deficits in the current understanding of the role of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in liver development in order to provide a perspective for future studies. Thus, this review will provide a contextual overview of the role of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling during hepatic organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Nejak-Bowen
- Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh School of Medcine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania USA
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46
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Okada H, Honda M, Campbell JS, Sakai Y, Yamashita T, Takebuchi Y, Hada K, Shirasaki T, Takabatake R, Nakamura M, Sunagozaka H, Tanaka T, Fausto N, Kaneko S. Acyclic retinoid targets platelet-derived growth factor signaling in the prevention of hepatic fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma development. Cancer Res 2012; 72:4459-71. [PMID: 22651928 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often develops in association with liver cirrhosis, and its high recurrence rate leads to poor patient prognosis. Although recent evidence suggests that peretinoin, a member of the acyclic retinoid family, may be an effective chemopreventive drug for HCC, published data about its effects on hepatic mesenchymal cells, such as stellate cells and endothelial cells, remain limited. Using a mouse model in which platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-C is overexpressed (Pdgf-c Tg), resulting in hepatic fibrosis, steatosis, and eventually, HCC development, we show that peretinoin significantly represses the development of hepatic fibrosis and tumors. Peretinoin inhibited the signaling pathways of fibrogenesis, angiogenesis, and Wnt/β-catenin in Pdgf-c transgenic mice. In vitro, peretinoin repressed the expression of PDGF receptors α/β in primary mouse hepatic stellate cells (HSC), hepatoma cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. Peretinoin also inhibited PDGF-C-activated transformation of HSCs into myofibroblasts. Together, our findings show that PDGF signaling is a target of peretinoin in preventing the development of hepatic fibrosis and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Takara-Machi 13-1, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
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Huang FI, Chen YL, Chang CN, Yuan RH, Jeng YM. Hepatocyte growth factor activates Wnt pathway by transcriptional activation of LEF1 to facilitate tumor invasion. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:1142-8. [PMID: 22436613 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a secretory protein that plays important roles in cancer growth and metastasis. Lymphoid-enhancing factor 1 (LEF1) is a transcription factor mediating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Using microarray analysis, we found HGF induced expression of LEF1 in liver and breast cancer cell lines. HGF induced expression of LEF1 through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. Multiple NF-κB-binding sites were mapped within 3 kb upstream of LEF1 transcription initiation site. NF-κB binding to a site 2 kb upstream of LEF1 transcription initiation site was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Knockdown of LEF1 inhibited the expression of Slug and Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) and markedly attenuated HGF-induced tumor migration and invasion. Using immunohistochemical staining, we found LEF1 was frequently expressed in multiple types of carcinoma but not in the non-tumorous epithelial cells. Our finding suggest that transcriptional activation of LEF1 is a mechanism of cross talk between HGF/c-Met and Wnt/β-catenin pathways and is essential for HGF-induced tumor invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-I Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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48
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A genome-wide siRNA screen identifies novel phospho-enzymes affecting Wnt/β-catenin signaling in mouse embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2012; 7:910-26. [PMID: 21494821 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-011-9265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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49
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Tsukamoto H, Zhu NL, Wang J, Asahina K, Machida K. Morphogens and hepatic stellate cell fate regulation in chronic liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 27 Suppl 2:94-8. [PMID: 22320925 PMCID: PMC3337168 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.07022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are the liver mesenchymal cell type which responds to hepatocellular damage and participates in wound healing. Although HSC myofibroblastic trans-differentiation (activation) is implicated in excessive extracellular matrix deposition, molecular understanding of this phenotypic switch from the viewpoint of cell fate regulation is limited. Recent studies demonstrate the roles of anti-adipogenic morphogens (Wnt, Necdin, Shh) in epigenetic repression of the HSC differentiation gene Pparγ as a causal event in HSC activation. These morphogens have positive cross-interactions which converge to epigenetic repression of Pparγ involving the methyl-CpG binding protein MeCP2. However, these morphogens expressed by activated HSC may also participate in cross-talk between HSC and hepatoblasts/hepatocytes to support liver regeneration, and their aberrant regulation may contribute to liver tumorigenesis. Implications of HSC-derived morphogens in these possibilities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Tsukamoto
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Pathology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA,Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nian-Ling Zhu
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Pathology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jiaohong Wang
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Pathology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kinji Asahina
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Pathology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Keigo Machida
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
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Li H, Wolfe A, Septer S, Edwards G, Zhong X, Abdulkarim AB, Ranganathan S, Apte U. Deregulation of Hippo kinase signalling in human hepatic malignancies. Liver Int 2012; 32:38-47. [PMID: 22098159 PMCID: PMC4175712 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02646.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CC) and hepatoblastoma (HB) are the main hepatic malignancies with limited treatment options and high mortality. Recent studies have implicated Hippo kinase pathway in cancer development, but detailed analysis of Hippo kinase signalling in human hepatic malignancies, especially CC and HB, is lacking. METHODS We investigated Hippo kinase signalling in HCC, CC and HB using cells and patient samples. RESULTS Increased expression of yes-associated protein (Yap), the downstream effector of the Hippo kinase pathway, was observed in HCC cells, and siRNA-mediated knockdown of Yap resulted in decreased survival of HCC cells. The density-dependent activation of Hippo kinase pathway characteristic of normal cells was not observed in HCC cells and CCLP cells, a cholangiocarcinoma cell line. Immunohistochemistry of Yap in HCC, CC and HB tissues indicated extensive nuclear localization of Yap in majority of tissues. Western blot analysis performed using total cell extracts from patient samples and normal livers showed extensive activation of Yap. Marked induction of Glypican-3, CTGF and Survivin, the three Yap target genes was observed in the tumour samples. Further analysis revealed significant decrease in expression and activity of Lats kinase, the main upstream regulator of Yap. However, no change in activation of Mst-2 kinase, the upstream regulator of Lats kinase was observed. CONCLUSIONS These data show that Yap induction mediated by inactivation of Lats is observed in hepatic malignancies. These studies highlight Hippo kinase pathway as a novel therapeutic target for hepatic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Andy Wolfe
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Seth Septer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO
| | - Genea Edwards
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Xiaobo Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | | | | | - Udayan Apte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
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