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Abdelsam SS, Ghanem SK, Zahid MA, Abunada HH, Bader L, Raïq H, Khan A, Parray A, Djouhri L, Agouni A. Human antigen R: Exploring its inflammatory response impact and significance in cardiometabolic disorders. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31229. [PMID: 38426269 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a crucial role in the regulation of posttranscriptional RNA networks, which can undergo dysregulation in many pathological conditions. Human antigen R (HuR) is a highly researched RBP that plays a crucial role as a posttranscriptional regulator. HuR plays a crucial role in the amplification of inflammatory signals by stabilizing the messenger RNA of diverse inflammatory mediators and key molecular players. The noteworthy correlations between HuR and its target molecules, coupled with the remarkable impacts reported on the pathogenesis and advancement of multiple diseases, position HuR as a promising candidate for therapeutic intervention in diverse inflammatory conditions. This review article examines the significance of HuR as a member of the RBP family, its regulatory mechanisms, and its implications in the pathophysiology of inflammation and cardiometabolic illnesses. Our objective is to illuminate potential directions for future research and drug development by conducting a comprehensive analysis of the existing body of research on HuR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahenda Salah Abdelsam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarah Khalaf Ghanem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muhammad Ammar Zahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hanan H Abunada
- Office of Vice President for Research and Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Loulia Bader
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hicham Raïq
- Department of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abbas Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aijaz Parray
- The Neuroscience Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Laiche Djouhri
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, QU health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Office of Vice President for Medical & Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Martinez-Castillo M, M. Elsayed A, López-Berestein G, Amero P, Rodríguez-Aguayo C. An Overview of the Immune Modulatory Properties of Long Non-Coding RNAs and Their Potential Use as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer. Noncoding RNA 2023; 9:70. [PMID: 37987366 PMCID: PMC10660772 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna9060070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play pivotal roles in regulating immune responses, immune cell differentiation, activation, and inflammatory processes. In cancer, they are gaining prominence as potential therapeutic targets due to their ability to regulate immune checkpoint molecules and immune-related factors, suggesting avenues for bolstering anti-tumor immune responses. Here, we explore the mechanistic insights into lncRNA-mediated immune modulation, highlighting their impact on immunity. Additionally, we discuss their potential to enhance cancer immunotherapy, augmenting the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive T cell therapies. LncRNAs as therapeutic targets hold the promise of revolutionizing cancer treatments, inspiring further research in this field with substantial clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moises Martinez-Castillo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (M.M.-C.); (G.L.-B.); (P.A.)
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory, Unit of Research in Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 06726, Mexico
| | - Abdelrahman M. Elsayed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11754, Egypt;
- Havener Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gabriel López-Berestein
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (M.M.-C.); (G.L.-B.); (P.A.)
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paola Amero
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (M.M.-C.); (G.L.-B.); (P.A.)
| | - Cristian Rodríguez-Aguayo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (M.M.-C.); (G.L.-B.); (P.A.)
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Shirako S, Ulfa SM, Nishidono Y, Dwijayanti DR, Okuyama T, Nakatake R, Tanaka K, Ikeya Y, Nishizawa M. Hydrophobic constituents of Polygonum multiflorum roots promote renal erythropoietin expression in healthy mice. J Nat Med 2023; 77:880-890. [PMID: 37587329 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01737-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg (Polygonaceae) are used as a crude drug Kashu that is considered to improve blood deficiency based on a Kampo concept. Kashu has been included in Kampo formulas, such as Tokiinshi, which is used to treat eczema and dermatitis with itchiness by inhibiting inflammation and facilitating blood circulation in the skin. However, the effects of P. multiflorum roots on erythropoiesis are unclear. Previously, we isolated six phenolic constituents from an ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-soluble fraction of P. multiflorum root extract and identified them as (E)-2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside [(E)-THSG], emodin, emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, physcion, physcion-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, and catechin. To examine whether P. multiflorum roots facilitate erythropoiesis, the EtOAc-soluble fraction was orally administered to healthy ICR mice. When compared with mice fed a standard diet alone (Controls), the mice fed a diet including the EtOAc-soluble fraction exhibited significantly higher serum erythropoietin (Epo) levels. The renal Epo mRNA levels in EtOAc-soluble fraction-administered mice were significantly higher than those in the control mice. Then, we administered roxadustat, which is a drug to treat the patient suffering with renal anemia by specifically inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylases. Roxadustat slightly increased renal Epo mRNA levels in healthy mice. Administration of (E)-THSG, a major constituent, significantly increased serum Epo levels. It is likely that (E)-THSG may facilitate the process to convert inactive renal Epo-producing cells to active Epo-producing cells. Collectively, it is implied that (E)-THSG in the EtOAc-soluble fraction of P. multiflorum roots may primarily improve blood deficiency of Kampo concept by promoting erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Shirako
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Siti Mariyah Ulfa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Jawa, 65145, Indonesia
- Asia-Japan Research Institute, Ritsumeikan Asia-Japan Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Iwakura-cho, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-8570, Japan
| | - Yuto Nishidono
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Dinia Rizqi Dwijayanti
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Jawa, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Tetsuya Okuyama
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Richi Nakatake
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Ikeya
- Asia-Japan Research Institute, Ritsumeikan Asia-Japan Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Iwakura-cho, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-8570, Japan.
- Center for Supporting Pharmaceutical Education, Faculty of Pharmacy, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan.
| | - Mikio Nishizawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
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Ozaki H, Nishidono Y, Fujii A, Okuyama T, Nakamura K, Maesako T, Shirako S, Nakatake R, Tanaka K, Ikeya Y, Nishizawa M. Identification of Anti-Inflammatory Compounds from Peucedanum praeruptorum Roots by Using Nitric Oxide-Producing Rat Hepatocytes Stimulated by Interleukin 1β. Molecules 2023; 28:5076. [PMID: 37446738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The roots of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn and Angelica decursiva Franchet et Savatier are designated Zenko, which is a crude drug defined by the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. This crude drug is used as an antitussive and an expectorant and is included in the Kampo formula Jinsoin, which improves cough, fever, and headache. Although the anti-inflammatory effects of this crude drug have been determined, the constituents responsible for this effect remain unknown. To investigate biologically active compounds, rat hepatocytes were used, which produce proinflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO) in response to proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β (IL-1β). A methanol extract of P. praeruptorum roots, which suppressed IL-1β-induced NO production, was fractionated into three crude fractions (ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-soluble, n-butanol-soluble, and water-soluble fractions) based on hydrophobicity. The EtOAc-soluble fraction markedly inhibited NO production. After this fraction was purified, three biologically active compounds were identified as praeruptorins A, B, and E, the contents of which were high. A comparison of their activities indicated that praeruptorin B exhibited the highest potency to inhibit NO production by decreasing inducible NO synthase expression and suppressed the expression of mRNAs encoding proinflammatory cytokines. Collectively, the three praeruptorins may primarily contribute to the anti-inflammatory effects of P. praeruptorum roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Ozaki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yuto Nishidono
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan
| | - Airi Fujii
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Okuyama
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaito Nakamura
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takanori Maesako
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan
| | - Saki Shirako
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan
| | - Richi Nakatake
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Ikeya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka 815-8511, Fukuoka, Japan
- Asia-Japan Research Institute, Ritsumeikan Asia-Japan Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Ibaraki 567-8570, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikio Nishizawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan
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Emami Meybodi SM, Soleimani N, Yari A, Javadifar A, Tollabi M, Karimi B, Emami Meybodi M, Seyedhossaini S, Brouki Milan P, Dehghani Firoozabadi A. Circulatory long noncoding RNAs (circulatory-LNC-RNAs) as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases: Implications for cardiovascular diseases complications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:1049-1071. [PMID: 36414082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders with major global health consequences. The prevalence of CVDs continues to grow due to population-aging and lifestyle modifications. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as key regulators of cell signaling pathways have gained attention in the occurrence and development of CVDs. Exosomal-lncRNAs (exos-lncRNAs) are emerging biomarkers due to their high sensitivity and specificity, stability, accuracy and accessibility in the biological fluids. Recently, circulatory and exos-based-lncRNAs are emerging and novel bio-tools in various pathogenic conditions. It is worth mentioning that dysregulation of these molecules has been found in different types of CVDs. In this regard, we aimed to discuss the knowledge gaps and suggest research priorities regarding circulatory and exos-lncRNAs as novel bio-tools and therapeutic targets for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mahdi Emami Meybodi
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Nafiseh Soleimani
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Abolfazl Yari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Mciences, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Amin Javadifar
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Disease Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Tollabi
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahareh Karimi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Emami Meybodi
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Seyedmostafa Seyedhossaini
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Peiman Brouki Milan
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Dehghani Firoozabadi
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhou Y, Jin Q, Chang J, Zhao Z, Sun C. Long non-coding RNA ZMIZ1-AS1 promotes osteosarcoma progression by stabilization of ZMIZ1. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022; 38:1013-1026. [PMID: 34508303 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09641-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcomas (OS) are frequent primary sarcomas of the bone in children and adolescents. The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can affect the progression of many cancers by their sense transcripts. The present study was designed to probe the role of ZMIZ1-AS1 and the downstream pathway in OS progression. METHODS Cell proliferation, invasion, and migration were detected by colony formation, transwell, and wound healing assays. The binding of SOX2 or MYC protein with ZMIZ1-AS1 promoter was explored by ChIP assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Interaction between PTBP1 protein and ZMIZ1-AS1 (or ZMIZ1 mRNA) was detected by RIP assay. RESULTS SOX2 and MYC are the downstream effectors of the Hippo pathway and transcriptionally activated ZMIZ1-AS1. Compared to the controls, OS tissues and cells contained higher ZMIZ1-AS1 expression. Silencing of ZMIZ1-AS1 repressed OS cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion. Our findings further showed that ZMIZ1-AS1 recruits RNA-binding protein PTBP1 to stabilize ZMIZ1 mRNA. PTBP1 or ZMIZ1 overexpression rescues the suppressive effects of silenced ZMIZ1-AS1 on OS cellular processes. Importantly, ZMIZ1-AS1 promotes OS growth in vivo by stabilization of ZMIZ1. CONCLUSIONS Long non-coding RNA ZMIZ1-AS1 promotes OS progression by stabilization of ZMIZ1. The Hippo pathway is inactivated in osteosarcoma. Transcriptional factors SOX2 and MYC downstream the Hippo pathway induce the upregulation of ZMIZ1-AS1 in osteosarcoma. ZMIZ1-AS1 recruits RNA binding protein PTBP1 that stabilizes ZMIZ1, the sense transcript of ZMIZ1-AS1. ZMIZ1-AS1 promotes osteosarcoma cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion by ZMIZ1 in a PTBP1 dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichi Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, CR & WISCO General Hospital, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, CR & WISCO General Hospital, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Jianzhong Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, CR & WISCO General Hospital, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Zufa Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, CR & WISCO General Hospital, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Chengjun Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, CR & WISCO General Hospital, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China.
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Long Noncoding RNA LEMD1-AS1 Increases LEMD1 Expression and Activates PI3K-AKT Pathway to Promote Metastasis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3543948. [PMID: 35983249 PMCID: PMC9381283 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3543948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. The survival rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is only 50% due to a high incidence of metastasis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in OSCC genesis and progression, although their potential role in the metastasis of OSCC remains unclear. Methods. The transcriptome of 5 metastatic and 5 nonmetastatic OSCC samples were assessed by RNA sequencing. The biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of LEMD1-AS1 in OSCC were explored by in vitro and in vivo assays. Results. We identified 487 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and 1507 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) in OSCC with cervical lymph node (LN) metastasis relative to the nonmetastatic samples. In addition, both LEMD1-AS1 and its cognate LEMD1 were up-regulated in metastatic OSCC compared to nonmetastatic OSCC. Gain-of-function, loss-of-function, and rescue experiments indicated that LEMD1-AS1 upregulated LEMD1 to increase OSCC migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LEMD1-AS1 stabilized LEMD1 and increased its mRNA and protein levels, and consequently activated the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway to facilitate OSCC metastasis. Conclusions. We established the lncRNA-mRNA landscape of metastatic OSCC, which indicated that LEMD1-AS1 enhanced OSCC metastasis by stabilizing its antisense transcript LEMD1. Thus, LEMD1-AS1 is a potential biomarker for predicting metastasis, as well as a therapeutic target of OSCC.
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Bakr AF, Shao P, Farag MA. Recent advances in glycyrrhizin metabolism, health benefits, clinical effects and drug delivery systems for efficacy improvement; a comprehensive review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:153999. [PMID: 35220130 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycyrrhizin (GL) is a major active constituent of licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) that is considered one of the oldest and most frequently employed botanicals in Chinese medicine and worldwide, with most effects attributed to its rich GL content. Structurally, GL a triterpene saponin that is widely used as a flavoring agent in foodstuffs and cosmetics, and also proposed for various clinical applications with a myriad of health benefits. Pharmacological and biological activities of GL include antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities (in vitro and in vivo). Currently, there is no comprehensive review on GL biological effects and its action mechanisms. PURPOSE This review summarizes GL pharmacological actions from a molecular biology perception, presented on its metabolism and side effects based on in vitro, in vitro and clinical studies. Moreover, the potential of GL as a nanomedicine delivery system is also summarized. The progress in drug delivery research using GL presented herein is expected to provide a theoretical basis for developing other novel drugs formulations. METHODS A systematic review was carried out in several electronic databases (Science Direct, SpringerLink, CNKI, PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier, and Scopus), using the following key words: glycyrrhizin "AND" bioactivity "OR" clinic "OR" therapeutic "OR" drug delivery. This search included manuscripts published between 1989 and 2021. RESULTS 126 researches were selected and summarized in this review. The analysis of these studies indicated that GL has antiviral activity against different viruses. Further, GL efficiently suppressed the respiratory manifestations associated with COVID-19 by reducing the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) that employed by the virus as an entry point. Otherwise, GL was found to induce antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory, and anticancer activity. Besides, diminution the particle size of GL to nanometer size significantly augments their action and biodistribution. CONCLUSION This article summarizes the pharmacological actions of GL. The potential of GL as a nanomedicine delivery system is also presented. Nevertheless, most studies reported provide no deep insight of GL health effects warranting for more future studies to elucidate its action mechanism and potential therapeutic benefits through preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa F Bakr
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Gamaa St., Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Ping Shao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research, China National Light Industry, China.
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., P.B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
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Salamon I, Rasin MR. Evolution of the Neocortex Through RNA-Binding Proteins and Post-transcriptional Regulation. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:803107. [PMID: 35082597 PMCID: PMC8784817 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.803107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The human neocortex is undoubtedly considered a supreme accomplishment in mammalian evolution. It features a prenatally established six-layered structure which remains plastic to the myriad of changes throughout an organism’s lifetime. A fundamental feature of neocortical evolution and development is the abundance and diversity of the progenitor cell population and their neuronal and glial progeny. These evolutionary upgrades are partially enabled due to the progenitors’ higher proliferative capacity, compartmentalization of proliferative regions, and specification of neuronal temporal identities. The driving force of these processes may be explained by temporal molecular patterning, by which progenitors have intrinsic capacity to change their competence as neocortical neurogenesis proceeds. Thus, neurogenesis can be conceptualized along two timescales of progenitors’ capacity to (1) self-renew or differentiate into basal progenitors (BPs) or neurons or (2) specify their fate into distinct neuronal and glial subtypes which participate in the formation of six-layers. Neocortical development then proceeds through sequential phases of proliferation, differentiation, neuronal migration, and maturation. Temporal molecular patterning, therefore, relies on the precise regulation of spatiotemporal gene expression. An extensive transcriptional regulatory network is accompanied by post-transcriptional regulation that is frequently mediated by the regulatory interplay between RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). RBPs exhibit important roles in every step of mRNA life cycle in any system, from splicing, polyadenylation, editing, transport, stability, localization, to translation (protein synthesis). Here, we underscore the importance of RBP functions at multiple time-restricted steps of early neurogenesis, starting from the cell fate transition of transcriptionally primed cortical progenitors. A particular emphasis will be placed on RBPs with mostly conserved but also divergent evolutionary functions in neural progenitors across different species. RBPs, when considered in the context of the fascinating process of neocortical development, deserve to be main protagonists in the story of the evolution and development of the neocortex.
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Ningsih FN, Okuyama T, To S, Nishidono Y, Okumura T, Tanaka K, Ikeya Y, Nishizawa M. Comparative Analysis of Anti-inflammatory Activity of the Constituents of the Rhizome of Cnidium officinale Using Rat Hepatocytes. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 43:1867-1875. [PMID: 33268704 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The rhizome of Cnidium officinale (Umbelliferae) (known as Senkyu in Japan; COR) has been used as a crude drug in Japanese Kampo formulas, such as Jumihaidokuto (to treat eczema and urticaria) and Kakkontokasenkyushin'i (to treat rhinitis). COR contains phthalides, which are thought to be potent principal constituents. Few studies have been reported about the comparison of anti-inflammatory activity of COR constituents. We aimed to identify the constituents in COR and compare their anti-inflammatory activity. COR was extracted with methanol and fractionated into ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-soluble, n-butanol-soluble, and water-soluble fractions. Primary cultured rat hepatocytes were used to assess anti-inflammatory activity by monitoring the interleukin (IL)-1β-induced production of nitric oxide (NO), an inflammatory mediator. The EtOAc-soluble fraction significantly suppressed NO production without showing cytotoxicity in IL-1β-treated hepatocytes, whereas the n-butanol-soluble fraction showed less potency, and the water-soluble fraction did not significantly affect the NO levels. Four constituents were isolated from the EtOAc-soluble fraction and identified as senkyunolide A, (3S)-butylphthalide, neocnidilide, and cnidilide. Among these phthalides and (Z)-ligustilide, senkyunolide A and (Z)-ligustilide efficiently suppressed NO production in hepatocytes, whereas the others showed less potency in the suppression of NO production. Furthermore, senkyunolide A decreased the levels of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and mRNA, as well as the levels of mRNAs encoding proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor α) and chemokine C-C motif ligand 20. These results suggest that senkyunolide A may cause the anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of COR by suppressing the genes involved in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tetsuya Okuyama
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Shoko To
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Yuto Nishidono
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Tadayoshi Okumura
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University.,Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University
| | - Ken Tanaka
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Yukinobu Ikeya
- Center for Supporting Pharmaceutical Education, Daiichi University of Pharmacy
| | - Mikio Nishizawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
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11
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LncRNAs and Immunity: Coding the Immune System with Noncoding Oligonucleotides. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041741. [PMID: 33572313 PMCID: PMC7916124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent key regulators of gene transcription during the inflammatory response. Recent findings showed lncRNAs to be dysregulated in human diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, allergies, asthma, and cancer. These noncoding RNAs are crucial for immune mechanism, as they are involved in differentiation, cell migration and in the production of inflammatory mediators through regulating protein–protein interactions or their ability to assemble with RNA and DNA. The last interaction can occur in cis or trans and is responsible for all the possible lncRNAs biological effects. Our proposal is to provide an overview on lncRNAs roles and functions related to immunity and immune mediated diseases, since these elucidations could be beneficial to untangle the complex bond between them.
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12
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Richard SA. Exploring the Pivotal Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Potentials of Glycyrrhizic and Glycyrrhetinic Acids. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:6699560. [PMID: 33505216 PMCID: PMC7808814 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6699560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Licorice extract is a Chinese herbal medication most often used as a demulcent or elixir. The extract usually consists of many components but the key ingredients are glycyrrhizic (GL) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA). GL and GA function as potent antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitumor agents, and immuneregulators. GL and GA have potent activities against hepatitis A, B, and C viruses, human immunodeficiency virus type 1, vesicular stomatitis virus, herpes simplex virus, influenza A, severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, vaccinia virus, and arboviruses. Also, GA was observed to be of therapeutic valve in human enterovirus 71, which was recognized as the utmost regular virus responsible for hand, foot, and mouth disease. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of GL and GA is realized via cytokines like interferon-γ, tumor necrotizing factor-α, interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-17. They also modulate anti-inflammatory mechanisms like intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and P-selectin, enzymes like inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and transcription factors such as nuclear factor-kappa B, signal transducer and activator of transcription- (STAT-) 3, and STAT-6. Furthermore, DCs treated with GL were capable of influencing T-cell differentiation toward Th1 subset. Moreover, GA is capable of blocking prostaglandin-E2 synthesis via blockade of cyclooxygenase- (COX-) 2 resulting in concurrent augmentation nitric oxide production through the enhancement of iNOS2 mRNA secretion in Leishmania-infected macrophages. GA is capable of inhibiting toll-like receptors as well as high-mobility group box 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seidu A. Richard
- Department of Medicine, Princefield University, P. O. Box MA 128, Ho, Ghana
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13
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EPHA2 antisense RNA modulates EPHA2 mRNA levels in basal-like/triple-negative breast cancer cells. Biochimie 2020; 179:169-180. [PMID: 33022313 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EPHA2) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), whose over-expression has been observed in a variety of cancers, including breast cancer. EPHA2 expression may be causally related to tumorigenesis; therefore, it is important to understand how EPHA2 gene (EPHA2) expression is regulated. Here, we report that EPHA2 antisense RNA (EPHA2-AS), a natural antisense transcript, is an important modulator of EPHA2 mRNA levels. EPHA2-AS is a ∼1.8 kb long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) with a poly(A) tail that encodes two splice variants, EPHA2-AS1/2. They are constitutively expressed in a concordant manner with EPHA2 mRNA in human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines and in patient samples, with the highest levels detected in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype. The silencing of EPHA2-AS1/2 by a sense oligonucleotide or over-expression of an antisense oligoribonucleotide, which were both designed from the EPHA2 mRNA region (nt 2955-2974) targeted by AS1/2, showed that EPHA2-AS1/2 modulated EPHA2 mRNA levels by interacting with the specific AS1/2-complementary region in the mRNA. The EPHA2-AS1/2 did not prevent microRNAs from acting on the relevant microRNA response elements shared by EPHA2-AS1/2 and EPHA2 mRNA. Our studies demonstrate a crucial role played by EPHA2-AS1/2 in modulating EPHA2 mRNA levels, and hence production of EPHA2 protein, a key oncogenic RTK that contributes to the tumorigenesis of TNBC cells.
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14
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Kimura T. [Non-coding Natural Antisense RNA: Mechanisms of Action in the Regulation of Target Gene Expression and Its Clinical Implications]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2020; 140:687-700. [PMID: 32378673 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.20-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in high-throughput technologies have revealed that 75% of the human genome is transcribed to RNA, whereas only 3% of transcripts are translated into proteins. Consequently, many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified, which has improved our understanding of the complexity of biological processes. LncRNAs comprise multiple classes of RNA transcripts that regulate the transcription, stability and translation of protein-coding genes in a genome. Natural antisense transcripts (NATs) form one such class, and the GENCODE v30 catalog contains 16193 lncRNA loci, of which 5611 are antisense loci. This review outlines our emerging understanding of lncRNAs, with a particular focus on how lncRNAs regulate gene expression using interferon-α1 (IFN-α1) mRNA and its antisense partner IFN-α1 antisense (as)RNA as an example. We have identified and characterized the asRNA that determines post-transcriptional IFN-α1 mRNA levels. IFN-α1 asRNA stabilizes IFN-α1 mRNA by cytoplasmic sense-antisense duplex formation, which may enhance the accessibility of an RNA stabilizer protein or decrease the affinity of an RNA decay factor for the RNA. IFN-α1 asRNA can also act as competing molecules in the competing endogenous (ce)RNA network with other members of the IFNA multigene family mRNAs/asRNAs, and other cellular mRNA transcripts. Furthermore, antisense oligoribonucleotides representing functional domains of IFN-α1 asRNA inhibit influenza virus proliferation in the respiratory tract of virus-infected animals. Thus, these findings support, at least in part, the rationale that dissecting the activity of NAT on gene expression regulation promises to reveal previously unanticipated biology, with potential to provide new therapeutic approaches to diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tominori Kimura
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
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15
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Singh Patel S, Zunjarrao S, Pillai B. Neev, a novel long non-coding RNA, is expressed in chaetoblasts during regeneration of Eisenia fetida. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 223:jeb.216754. [PMID: 32098889 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.216754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Eisenia fetida, the common vermicomposting earthworm, shows robust regeneration of posterior segments removed by amputation. During the period of regeneration, the newly formed tissue initially contains only undifferentiated cells but subsequently differentiates into a variety of cell types including muscle, nerve and vasculature. Transcriptomics analysis, reported previously, provided a number of candidate non-coding RNAs that were induced during regeneration. We found that one such long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is expressed in the skin, only at the base of newly formed chaetae. The spatial organization and precise arrangement of the regenerating chaetae and the cells expressing the lncRNA on the ventral side clearly support a model wherein the regenerating tissue contains a zone of growth and cell division at the tip and a zone of differentiation at the site of amputation. The temporal expression pattern of the lncRNA, named Neev, closely resembled the pattern of chitin synthase genes, implicated in chaetae formation. We found that the lncRNA has 49 sites for binding a set of four microRNAs (miRNAs) while the chitin synthase 8 mRNA has 478 sites. The over-representation of shared miRNA sites suggests that lncRNA Neev may act as a miRNA sponge to transiently de-repress chitin synthase 8 during formation of new chaetae in the regenerating segments of Eisenia fetida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Singh Patel
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, Delhi 110 025, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sanyami Zunjarrao
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Beena Pillai
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.,CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, Delhi 110 025, India
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16
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Xia Y, Deng Y, Zhou Y, Li D, Sun X, Gu L, Chen Z, Zhao Q. TSPAN31 suppresses cell proliferation in human cervical cancer through down-regulation of its antisense pairing with CDK4. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 38:660-668. [PMID: 32207169 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural antisense transcripts (NAT) are prevalent phenomena in the mammalian genome and play significant regulatory roles in gene expression. While new insights into NAT continue to be revealed, their exact function and their underlying mechanisms in human cancer remain largely unclear. We identified a NAT of CDK4, referred to TSPAN31, which inhibits CDK4 mRNA and protein expression in human cervical cancer by targeting the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the CDK4 mRNA. Furthermore, silencing the expression of the TSPAN31 mRNA rescued the TSPAN31 3'-UTR- or the TSPAN31 full-length-induced decrease in CDK4 expression. Noteworthy, we discovered that TSPAN31, as a member of the tetraspanin family, suppressed cell proliferation by down-regulating its antisense pairing with CDK4 and decreasing retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation in human cervical cancer. Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that TSPAN31 may serve as a potential molecular target for the development of novel anti-cancer agents. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Natural antisense transcripts are widely found in the genome and play an important role in the growth and development of cells. TSPAN31 is natural antisense transcript, and CDK4 is an important gene in the regulation of the cell cycle. Therefore, TSPAN31 and CDK4 have great significance in the study of tumour therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuanfei Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuting Zhou
- Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xuemeng Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lei Gu
- Department of Clinical Medical, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zipeng Chen
- Department of Clinical Medical, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
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17
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Ueyama Y, Tokuhara K, Miki H, Nakatake R, Sakaguchi T, Nishizawa M, Kaibori M, Okumura T. Active Hexose Correlated Compound Has Protective Effects in Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury of the Rat Small Intestine. J Surg Res 2019; 243:265-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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18
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Levosimendan pretreatment improves survival of septic rats after partial hepatectomy and suppresses iNOS induction in cytokine-stimulated hepatocytes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13398. [PMID: 31527618 PMCID: PMC6746814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48792-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the survival effects and biochemical profiles of levosimendan in septic rats after partial hepatectomy and investigated its effects in cultured hepatocytes. Thirty-two rats underwent 70% hepatectomy and were randomised equally into four groups, followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection (250 µg/kg, i.v.) after 48 h. Levosimendan was given (i.p.) 1 h before LPS injection [group (A) levosimendan 2 mg/kg; (B) 1; (C) 0.5; (D) vehicle]. Survival at 7 days was increased significantly in group A compared with that in group D [A: 63%; B: 38%; C: 13%; D: 0%]. In serum, levosimendan decreased the level of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and nitric oxide (NO). In remnant livers, levosimendan inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression. In primary cultured rat hepatocytes stimulated by IL-1β, levosimendan suppressed NO production by inhibiting iNOS promoter activity and stability of its mRNA.
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19
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Qin Z, Zheng X, Fang Y. Long noncoding RNA TMPO-AS1 promotes progression of non-small cell lung cancer through regulating its natural antisense transcript TMPO. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:486-493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Ishii T, Okuyama T, Noguchi N, Nishidono Y, Okumura T, Kaibori M, Tanaka K, Terabayashi S, Ikeya Y, Nishizawa M. Antiinflammatory constituents of Atractylodes chinensis rhizome improve glomerular lesions in immunoglobulin A nephropathy model mice. J Nat Med 2019; 74:51-64. [PMID: 31270736 PMCID: PMC7176606 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-019-01342-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The crude drug Sojutsu, as defined by the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, is the rhizome of Atractylodes lancea De Candolle, Atractylodes chinensis Koidzumi, or their interspecific hybrids (Asteraceae). Sojutsu is one of the traditional Kampo formulas, which are administered to patients suffering from stomach disorders, edema, and nephrotic syndrome. Although antiinflammatory effects of Sojutsu have been reported, its effects on the liver and kidney have not been extensively investigated. Here, we used a Sojutsu sample identified as A. chinensis rhizome and isolated several constituents from its ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-soluble fraction that decreased production of the proinflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO) in interleukin 1β-treated rat hepatocytes. Among the constituents in this fraction, atractylodin showed the highest activity to suppress NO production, whereas hinesol, β-eudesmol, and α-bisabolol showed low activity. Atractylodin decreased the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor α, and lipocalin 2 messenger RNAs (mRNAs). The EtOAc-soluble fraction of the A. chinensis rhizome extract was administered daily for 20 weeks to high immunoglobulin A (HIGA) mice, whose pathological findings resemble human immunoglobulin A nephropathy. This fraction decreased the weight of white adipose tissue and decreased mesangial proliferation and immunoglobulin A deposition in glomeruli. These results indicate that the EtOAc-soluble fraction, which included antiinflammatory constituents, may be responsible for improvement of the mesangial lesions in HIGA mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinari Ishii
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Okuyama
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Nao Noguchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yuto Nishidono
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Okumura
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Kaibori
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Susumu Terabayashi
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Resources, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Ikeya
- Center for Supporting Pharmaceutical Education, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan.
| | - Mikio Nishizawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
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21
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Basavappa M, Cherry S, Henao-Mejia J. Long noncoding RNAs and the regulation of innate immunity and host-virus interactions. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:83-93. [PMID: 30817056 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mir0918-354r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses are both pathogen and cell type-specific. The innate arm of immunity is characterized by rapid intracellular signaling cascades resulting in the production of hundreds of antimicrobial effectors that protect the host organism. Long noncoding RNAs have been shown to operate as potent modulators of both RNA and protein function throughout cell biology. Emerging data suggest that this is also true within innate immunity. LncRNAs have been shown to regulate both innate immune cell identity and the transcription of gene expression programs critical for innate immune responses. Here, we review the diverse roles of lncRNAs within innate defense with a specific emphasis on host-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Basavappa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sara Cherry
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jorge Henao-Mejia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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22
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Sousa‐Franco A, Rebelo K, da Rocha ST, Bernardes de Jesus B. LncRNAs regulating stemness in aging. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12870. [PMID: 30456884 PMCID: PMC6351848 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most outstanding observations from next-generation sequencing approaches was that only 1.5% of our genes code for proteins. The biggest part is transcribed but give rise to different families of RNAs without coding potential. The functional relevance of these abundant transcripts remains far from elucidated. Among them are the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a relatively large and heterogeneous group of RNAs shown to be highly tissue-specific, indicating a prominent role in processes controlling cellular identity. In particular, lncRNAs have been linked to both stemness properties and detrimental pathways regulating the aging process, being novel players in the intricate network guiding tissue homeostasis. Here, we summarize the up-to-date information on the role of lncRNAs that affect stemness and hence impact upon aging, highlighting the likelihood that lncRNAs may represent an unexploited reservoir of potential therapeutic targets for reprogramming applications and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Sousa‐Franco
- Instituto de Medicina MolecularFaculdade de Medicina da Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Kenny Rebelo
- Instituto de Medicina MolecularFaculdade de Medicina da Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Simão Teixeira da Rocha
- Instituto de Medicina MolecularFaculdade de Medicina da Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Bruno Bernardes de Jesus
- Instituto de Medicina MolecularFaculdade de Medicina da Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine—iBiMEDUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
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23
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Arias-Vásquez A, Groffen AJ, Spijker S, Ouwens KG, Klein M, Vojinovic D, Galesloot TE, Bralten J, Hottenga JJ, van der Most PJ, Kattenberg VM, Pool R, Nolte IM, Penninx BWJH, Fedko IO, Dolan CV, Nivard MG, den Braber A, van Duijn CM, Hoekstra PJ, Buitelaar JK, Kiemeney LA, Hoogman M, Middeldorp CM, Draisma HHM, Vermeulen SH, Sánchez-Mora C, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Ribasés M, Hartman CA, Kooij JJS, Amin N, Smit AB, Franke B, Boomsma DI. A Potential Role for the STXBP5-AS1 Gene in Adult ADHD Symptoms. Behav Genet 2019; 49:270-285. [PMID: 30659475 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-018-09947-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to detect Attention-deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD) risk-conferring genes in adults. In children, ADHD is characterized by age-inappropriate levels of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity and may persists into adulthood. Childhood and adulthood ADHD are heritable, and are thought to represent the clinical extreme of a continuous distribution of ADHD symptoms in the general population. We aimed to leverage the power of studies of quantitative ADHD symptoms in adults who were genotyped. Within the SAGA (Study of ADHD trait genetics in adults) consortium, we estimated the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability of quantitative self-reported ADHD symptoms and carried out a genome-wide association meta-analysis in nine adult population-based and case-only cohorts of adults. A total of n = 14,689 individuals were included. In two of the SAGA cohorts we found a significant SNP-based heritability for self-rated ADHD symptom scores of respectively 15% (n = 3656) and 30% (n = 1841). The top hit of the genome-wide meta-analysis (SNP rs12661753; p-value = 3.02 × 10-7) was present in the long non-coding RNA gene STXBP5-AS1. This association was also observed in a meta-analysis of childhood ADHD symptom scores in eight population-based pediatric cohorts from the Early Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) ADHD consortium (n = 14,776). Genome-wide meta-analysis of the SAGA and EAGLE data (n = 29,465) increased the strength of the association with the SNP rs12661753. In human HEK293 cells, expression of STXBP5-AS1 enhanced the expression of a reporter construct of STXBP5, a gene known to be involved in "SNAP" (Soluble NSF attachment protein) Receptor" (SNARE) complex formation. In mouse strains featuring different levels of impulsivity, transcript levels in the prefrontal cortex of the mouse ortholog Gm28905 strongly correlated negatively with motor impulsivity as measured in the five choice serial reaction time task (r2 = - 0.61; p = 0.004). Our results are consistent with an effect of the STXBP5-AS1 gene on ADHD symptom scores distribution and point to a possible biological mechanism, other than antisense RNA inhibition, involved in ADHD-related impulsivity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arias-Vásquez
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Route 855, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - A J Groffen
- Department of Functional Genomics and Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Spijker
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K G Ouwens
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Klein
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Route 855, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - D Vojinovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T E Galesloot
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Bralten
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Route 855, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J J Hottenga
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - V M Kattenberg
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Pool
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I O Fedko
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C V Dolan
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M G Nivard
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A den Braber
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P J Hoekstra
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Karakter, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L A Kiemeney
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Hoogman
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Route 855, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C M Middeldorp
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Services, Brisbane, Australia
| | - H H M Draisma
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S H Vermeulen
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C Sánchez-Mora
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J A Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Ribasés
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - C A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J J S Kooij
- Psycho-Medical Programs, PsyQ, Program Adult ADHD, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - N Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A B Smit
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Franke
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Route 855, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - D I Boomsma
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Sakuranetin downregulates inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by affecting interleukin-1 receptor and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β. J Nat Med 2018; 73:353-368. [PMID: 30467676 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-018-1267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pruni Cortex is a herbal drug from the bark of the Japanese flowering cherries, Prunus jamasakura or Prunus verecunda, and is included in the traditional Japanese herbal (Kampo) formula Jumihaidokuto, which is administered orally to patients suffering from inflammatory skin diseases. The flavanones contained in Pruni Cortex (e.g., sakuranetin and naringenin) have potent anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-microbial activities. Although the effects of Pruni Cortex on skin disease have been well studied, reports regarding its pharmacological effects on the liver are limited. In this study, we extracted the bark of Prunus jamasakura and purified it to isolate the pharmacologically active constituents by monitoring nitric oxide (NO) production in rat hepatocytes that were treated with the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-1β. Sakuranetin and (-)-naringenin, which were present in an ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of the bark extract, significantly inhibited NO induction and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. These two flavanones decreased the expression of type 1 IL-1 receptor gene and phosphorylation of Akt, also known as protein kinase B, which is regulated by phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K). Furthermore, sakuranetin decreased the phosphorylation of the activator isoforms of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ), which synergistically activates the transcription of the iNOS gene with nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Therefore, sakuranetin inhibited the co-activating activity of C/EBPβ with NF-κB, leading to the suppression of iNOS gene expression in hepatocytes. Taken together, sakuranetin in Pruni Cortex downregulated the iNOS gene by inhibiting PI3K/Akt signal transduction and the phosphorylation of C/EBPβ. These results imply that sakuranetin may be primarily responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of Pruni Cortex in the liver.
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25
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Thapar R. Regulation of DNA Double-Strand Break Repair by Non-Coding RNAs. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112789. [PMID: 30373256 PMCID: PMC6278438 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are deleterious lesions that are generated in response to ionizing radiation or replication fork collapse that can lead to genomic instability and cancer. Eukaryotes have evolved two major pathways, namely homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) to repair DSBs. Whereas the roles of protein-DNA interactions in HR and NHEJ have been fairly well defined, the functions of small and long non-coding RNAs and RNA-DNA hybrids in the DNA damage response is just beginning to be elucidated. This review summarizes recent discoveries on the identification of non-coding RNAs and RNA-mediated regulation of DSB repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopa Thapar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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26
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Gawronski AR, Uhl M, Zhang Y, Lin YY, Niknafs YS, Ramnarine VR, Malik R, Feng F, Chinnaiyan AM, Collins CC, Sahinalp SC, Backofen R. MechRNA: prediction of lncRNA mechanisms from RNA-RNA and RNA-protein interactions. Bioinformatics 2018; 34:3101-3110. [PMID: 29617966 PMCID: PMC6137976 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivation Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are defined as transcripts longer than 200 nt that do not get translated into proteins. Often these transcripts are processed (spliced, capped and polyadenylated) and some are known to have important biological functions. However, most lncRNAs have unknown or poorly understood functions. Nevertheless, because of their potential role in cancer, lncRNAs are receiving a lot of attention, and the need for computational tools to predict their possible mechanisms of action is more than ever. Fundamentally, most of the known lncRNA mechanisms involve RNA-RNA and/or RNA-protein interactions. Through accurate predictions of each kind of interaction and integration of these predictions, it is possible to elucidate potential mechanisms for a given lncRNA. Results Here, we introduce MechRNA, a pipeline for corroborating RNA-RNA interaction prediction and protein binding prediction for identifying possible lncRNA mechanisms involving specific targets or on a transcriptome-wide scale. The first stage uses a version of IntaRNA2 with added functionality for efficient prediction of RNA-RNA interactions with very long input sequences, allowing for large-scale analysis of lncRNA interactions with little or no loss of optimality. The second stage integrates protein binding information pre-computed by GraphProt, for both the lncRNA and the target. The final stage involves inferring the most likely mechanism for each lncRNA/target pair. This is achieved by generating candidate mechanisms from the predicted interactions, the relative locations of these interactions and correlation data, followed by selection of the most likely mechanistic explanation using a combined P-value. We applied MechRNA on a number of recently identified cancer-related lncRNAs (PCAT1, PCAT29 and ARLnc1) and also on two well-studied lncRNAs (PCA3 and 7SL). This led to the identification of hundreds of high confidence potential targets for each lncRNA and corresponding mechanisms. These predictions include the known competitive mechanism of 7SL with HuR for binding on the tumor suppressor TP53, as well as mechanisms expanding what is known about PCAT1 and ARLn1 and their targets BRCA2 and AR, respectively. For PCAT1-BRCA2, the mechanism involves competitive binding with HuR, which we confirmed using HuR immunoprecipitation assays. Availability and implementation MechRNA is available for download at https://bitbucket.org/compbio/mechrna. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Uhl
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Yajia Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yen-Yi Lin
- Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yashar S Niknafs
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Rohit Malik
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Felix Feng
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - S Cenk Sahinalp
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA
| | - Rolf Backofen
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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27
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Increased levels of the long noncoding RNA, HOXA-AS3, promote proliferation of A549 cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:707. [PMID: 29899328 PMCID: PMC5999602 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0725-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Many long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as powerful regulators of lung adenocarcinoma (LAD). However, the role of HOXA-AS3, a novel lncRNA, in LAD is largely unknown. In this study, we showed that HOXA-AS3 was significantly upregulated in LAD tissues and A549 cells. After knockdown of HOXA-AS3, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were inhibited. Xenografts derived from A549 cells transfected with shRNA/HOXA-AS3 had significantly lower tumor weights and smaller tumor volumes. We also demonstrated that HOXA-AS3 increased HOXA6 mRNA stability by forming an RNA duplex. In addition, HOXA6 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Using a RNA pull-down assay, we found that HOXA-AS3 bonded with NF110, which regulated the cell localization of HOXA-AS3. Moreover, histone acetylation was involved in upregulation of HOXA-AS3. These results demonstrate that HOXA-AS3 was activated in LAD and supported cancer cell progression. Therefore, inhibition of HOXA-AS3 could be an effective targeted therapy for patients with LAD.
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28
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Li J, Ji X, Wang H. Targeting Long Noncoding RNA HMMR-AS1 Suppresses and Radiosensitizes Glioblastoma. Neoplasia 2018; 20:456-466. [PMID: 29574252 PMCID: PMC5915996 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergent evidences revealed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in neoplastic progression. HMMR is an oncogene that is highly expressed in glioblastoma (GBM) and supports GBM growth. Whether lncRNAs regulate HMMR in GBM remains unknown. Herein, we identify that an HMMR antisense lncRNA, HMMR-AS1, is hyperexpressed in GBM cell lines and stabilizes HMMR mRNA. Knockdown of HMMR-AS1 reduces HMMR expression; inhibits cell migration, invasion, and mesenchymal phenotypes; and suppresses GBM cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, knockdown of HMMR-AS1 radiosensitizes GBM by reducing DNA repair proteins ATM, RAD51, and BMI1. Our data demonstrate a mechanism of sense-antisense interference between HMMR and HMMR-AS1 in GBM and suggest that targeting HMMR-AS1 is a potential strategy for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Xiangjun Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Handong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China.
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29
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Pseudogene PHBP1 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma proliferation by increasing its cognate gene PHB expression. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29091-29100. [PMID: 28404970 PMCID: PMC5438715 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural antisense transcripts (NATs) as one of the most diverse classes of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have been demonstrated involved in fundamental biological processes in human. Here, we reported that human prohibitin gene pseudogene 1 (PHBP1) was upregulated in ESCC, and increased PHBP1 expression in ESCC was associated with clinical advanced stage. Functional experiments showed that PHBP1 knockdown inhibited ESCC cells proliferation, colony formation and xenograft tumor growth in vitro and in vivo by causing cell-cycle arrest at the G1-G0 phase. Mechanisms analysis revealed that PHBP1 transcript as an antisense transcript of PHB is partially complementary to PHB mRNA and formed an RNA-RNA hybrid with PHB, consequently inducing an increase of PHB expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, PHBP1 expression is strongly correlated with PHB expression in ESCC tissues. Collectively, this study elucidates an important role of PHBP1 in promoting ESCC partly via increasing PHB expression.
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30
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Zhang L, Lin S, An L, Ma J, Qiu F, Jia R, Nie Q, Zhang D, Luo Q, Li T, Wang Z, Zhang X. Chicken GHR natural antisense transcript regulates GHR mRNA in LMH cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:73607-73617. [PMID: 27713155 PMCID: PMC5342002 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone receptor (GHR) played key roles in human and animal growth. Both human laron type dwarfism and sex linked dwarf chicken were caused by the mutation of GHR gene. In this study, we identified an endogenously expressed long non-coding natural antisense transcript, GHR-AS, which overlapped with the GHR mRNA (GHR-S) in a tail to tail manner. Spatial and temporal expression analyses indicated that GHR-AS were highly expressed in chicken liver and displayed ascending with the development of chicken from E10 to 3 w of age. Interfering GHR-AS caused GHR-S decreasing, accompanied with increasing of the inactive gene indicator, H3K9me2, in the GHR-S promoter regions in LMH cells. RNase A experiment exhibited that GHR-AS and GHR-S can form double strand RNAs at the last exon of GHR gene in vivo and in vitro, which hinted they could act on each other via the region. In addition, the levels of GHR-S and GHR-AS can be affected by DNA methylation. Compared the normal chicken with the dwarfs, the negative correlation trends were showed between the GHR-S promoter methylation status and the GHR-AS levels. This is the first report of that GHR gene possessed natural antisense transcript and the results presented here further highlight the fine and complicated regulating mechanism of GHR gene in chicken development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China.,Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, P.R. China
| | - Shudai Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Lilong An
- Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, P.R. China
| | - Jinge Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Fengfang Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Rumin Jia
- Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Dexiang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Qingbin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Ting Li
- Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, P.R. China
| | - Zhang Wang
- Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, P.R. China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
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31
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Chavez GG, Taylor G, Garaliene J, Richardson GP, Korneev SA. The temporal expression profile of a Nos3-related natural antisense RNA in the brain suggests a possible role in neurogenesis. Nitric Oxide 2017; 71:27-31. [PMID: 29031735 PMCID: PMC5714617 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Experimental work over the past several years has revealed an unexpected abundance of long natural antisense transcripts (NATs) in eukaryotic species. In light of the proposed role of such RNA molecules in the regulation of gene expression in the brain, attention is now focused on specific examples of neuronal NATs. Of particular interest are NATs that are complementary to mRNAs encoding nitric oxide synthase (NOS), the enzyme responsible for production of the important gaseous neurotransmitter nitric oxide (NO). Here we study the temporal expression profile of murine Nos3as NAT in the brain. Notably, Nos3as NAT is known to act as a negative regulator of Nos3 gene expression. The results of our quantitative analysis reveal differential expression of Nos3as NAT during embryonic and post-embryonic stages of development of the brain. Also, they show that the low levels of Nos3as NAT coincides with active neurogenesis. In addition we report on an inverse correlation between the relative expression level of Nos3as NAT and the level of Nos3 protein. Thus our data raise the hypothesis that the Nos3as NAT regulates neurogenesis through suppression of Nos3 gene activity. This idea is further supported by experiments conducted on the olfactory bulbs and cultured neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela G Chavez
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Gabriella Taylor
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Jekaterina Garaliene
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Guy P Richardson
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Sergei A Korneev
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK.
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32
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Okuyama T, Nakatake R, Kaibori M, Okumura T, Kon M, Nishizawa M. A sense oligonucleotide to inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA increases the survival rate of rats in septic shock. Nitric Oxide 2017; 72:32-40. [PMID: 29128398 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Natural antisense transcripts (asRNAs) that do not encode proteins are transcribed from rat, mouse, and human genes, encoding inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which catalyzes the production of the inflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO). In septic shock, NO is excessively produced in hepatocytes and macrophages. The iNOS asRNA interacts with and stabilizes iNOS mRNA. We found that single-stranded 'sense' oligonucleotides corresponding to the iNOS mRNA sequence reduced iNOS mRNA levels by interfering with the mRNA-asRNA interactions in rat hepatocytes. The iNOS sense oligonucleotides that were substituted with phosphorothioate bonds and locked nucleic acids efficiently decreased the levels of iNOS mRNA and iNOS protein. In this study, the gene expression patterns in the livers of two endotoxemia model rats with acute liver failure were compared. Next, we optimized the sequence and modification of the iNOS sense oligonucleotides in interleukin 1β-treated rat hepatocytes. When a sense oligonucleotide was simultaneously administered with d-galactosamine and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to rats, their survival rate significantly increased compared to the rats administered d-galactosamine and LPS alone. In the livers of the sense oligonucleotide-administered rats, apoptosis in the hepatocytes markedly decreased. These results suggest that natural antisense transcript-targeted regulation technology using iNOS sense oligonucleotides may be used to treat human inflammatory diseases, such as sepsis and septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Okuyama
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Richi Nakatake
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Kaibori
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Okumura
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan; Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masanori Kon
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikio Nishizawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.
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33
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Mowel WK, Kotzin JJ, McCright SJ, Neal VD, Henao-Mejia J. Control of Immune Cell Homeostasis and Function by lncRNAs. Trends Immunol 2017; 39:55-69. [PMID: 28919048 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is composed of diverse cell types that coordinate responses to infection and maintain tissue homeostasis. In each of these cells, extracellular cues determine highly specific epigenetic landscapes and transcriptional profiles to promote immunity while maintaining homeostasis. New evidence indicates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in epigenetic and transcriptional regulation in mammals. Thus, lncRNAs have emerged as key regulatory molecules of immune cell gene expression programs in response to microbial and tissue-derived cues. We review here how lncRNAs control the function and homeostasis of cell populations during immune responses, emphasizing the diverse molecular mechanisms by which lncRNAs tune highly contextualized transcriptional programs. In addition, we discuss the new challenges faced in interrogating lncRNA mechanisms and function in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter K Mowel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jonathan J Kotzin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Sam J McCright
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vanessa D Neal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jorge Henao-Mejia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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34
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Renganathan A, Felley-Bosco E. Long Noncoding RNAs in Cancer and Therapeutic Potential. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1008:199-222. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5203-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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35
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Identification of anti-inflammatory constituents in Phellodendri Cortex and Coptidis Rhizoma by monitoring the suppression of nitric oxide production. J Nat Med 2017; 71:745-756. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-017-1107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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36
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HCV-induced regulatory alterations of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-ϒ operative, leading liver en-route to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Inflamm Res 2017; 66:477-486. [PMID: 28285394 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the course of time, Hepatitis C has become a universal health menace. Its deleterious effects on human liver encompass a lot of physiological, genetic as well as epigenetic alterations. Fatty liver (Hepatic steatosis) is an inflammation having multifactorial ancestries; one of them is HCV (steatohepatitis). HCV boosts several cellular pathways involving up-regulation of a number of cytokines. Current study reviews the regulation of some selective key cytokines during HCV infection, to help generate an improved understanding of their role. These cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-ϒ, are inflammatory markers of the body. These particular markers along with others help hepatocytes against viral infestation. However, recently, their association has been found in degradation of liver on the trail heading to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Consequently, the disturbance in their equilibrium has been repeatedly reported during HCV infection. Quite a number of findings are affirming their up-regulation. Although these cell markers are stimulated by hepatocytes as their standard protection mechanism, but modern studies have testified the paradoxical nature of this defense line. Nevertheless, direct molecular or epigenetic research is needed to question the actual molecular progressions and directions commanding liver to steatosis, cirrhosis, or eventually HCC (Hepatocellular Carcinoma).
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Strategies to identify natural antisense transcripts. Biochimie 2017; 132:131-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Frank S, Aguirre A, Hescheler J, Kurian L. A lncRNA Perspective into (Re)Building the Heart. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:128. [PMID: 27882316 PMCID: PMC5101577 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Our conception of the human genome, long focused on the 2% that codes for proteins, has profoundly changed since its first draft assembly in 2001. Since then, an unanticipatedly expansive functionality and convolution has been attributed to the majority of the genome that is transcribed in a cell-type/context-specific manner into transcripts with no apparent protein coding ability. While the majority of these transcripts, currently annotated as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are functionally uncharacterized, their prominent role in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis, especially in the context of the heart, is emerging. In this review, we summarize and discuss the latest advances in understanding the relevance of lncRNAs in (re)building the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Frank
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of CologneCologne, Germany; Institute for Neurophysiology, University of CologneCologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of CologneCologne, Germany
| | - Aitor Aguirre
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Juergen Hescheler
- Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne Cologne, Germany
| | - Leo Kurian
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of CologneCologne, Germany; Institute for Neurophysiology, University of CologneCologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of CologneCologne, Germany
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Miki H, Tokuhara K, Oishi M, Nakatake R, Tanaka Y, Kaibori M, Nishizawa M, Okumura T, Kon M. Japanese Kampo Saireito Has a Liver-Protective Effect Through the Inhibition of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Induction in Primary Cultured Rat Hepatocytes. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2016; 40:1033-1041. [DOI: 10.1177/0148607115575035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Miki
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuji Tokuhara
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaharu Oishi
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Richi Nakatake
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Kaibori
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikio Nishizawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Okumura
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masanori Kon
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
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Zhao Y, Hou Y, Zhao C, Liu F, Luan Y, Jing L, Li X, Zhu M, Zhao S. Cis-Natural Antisense Transcripts Are Mainly Co-expressed with Their Sense Transcripts and Primarily Related to Energy Metabolic Pathways during Muscle Development. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:1010-21. [PMID: 27489504 PMCID: PMC4971739 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.14825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cis-natural antisense transcripts (cis-NATs) are a new class of RNAs identified in various species. However, the biological functions of cis-NATs are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the transcriptional characteristics and functions of cis-NATs in the muscle tissue of lean Landrace and indigenous fatty Lantang pigs. In total, 3,306 cis-NATs of 2,469 annotated genes were identified in the muscle tissue of pigs. More than 1,300 cis-NATs correlated with their sense genes at the transcriptional level, and approximately 80% of them were co-expressed in the two breeds. Furthermore, over 1,200 differentially expressed cis-NATs were identified during muscle development. Function annotation showed that the cis-NATs participated in muscle development mainly by co-expressing with genes involved in energy metabolic pathways, including citrate cycle (TCA cycle), glycolysis or gluconeogenesis, mitochondrial activation and so on. Moreover, these cis-NATs and their sense genes abruptly increased at the transition from the late fetal stages to the early postnatal stages and then decreased along with muscle development. In conclusion, the cis-NATs in the muscle tissue of pigs were identified and determined to be mainly co-expressed with their sense genes. The co-expressed cis-NATs and their sense gene were primarily related to energy metabolic pathways during muscle development in pigs. Our results offered novel evidence on the roles of cis-NATs during the muscle development of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Zhao
- 1. Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
- 2. The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Ye Hou
- 1. Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
- 2. The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Changzhi Zhao
- 1. Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
- 2. The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Fei Liu
- 1. Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
- 2. The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yu Luan
- 1. Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
- 2. The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Lu Jing
- 1. Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
- 2. The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Xinyun Li
- 1. Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
- 2. The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Mengjin Zhu
- 1. Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
- 2. The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Shuhong Zhao
- 1. Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
- 2. The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
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Sun J, Wang X, Fu C, Wang X, Zou J, Hua H, Bi Z. Long noncoding RNA FGFR3-AS1 promotes osteosarcoma growth through regulating its natural antisense transcript FGFR3. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:427-36. [PMID: 27022737 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-3975-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a new class of RNAs with no protein-coding potential, have been reported to have crucial roles in the regulation of a variety of tumors. However, the functions and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs to osteosarcoma are still largely unknown. The purpose of this study is to examine the expression, functions and molecular mechanisms of a new lncRNA FGFR3 antisense transcript 1 (FGFR3-AS1) in osteosarcoma. The expression of FGFR3-AS1 was examined by real-time quantitative PCR. The regulation of FGFR3 by FGFR3-AS1 was examined by RNase protection assay, real-time quantitative PCR, western blotting, and luciferase reporter assay. The effects of FGFR3-AS1 on osteosarcoma cell proliferation and cell cycle were determined by Cell Counting Kit-8, Ethynyl deoxyuridine incorporation assay and flow cytometry. FGFR3-AS1 was upregulated in osteosarcoma. Increased FGFR3-AS1 expression correlates with large tumor size, advanced Enneking stage, metastasis and poor survival. Through antisense pairing with FGFR3 3'UTR, FGFR3-AS1 increases FGFR3 mRNA stability and upregulates FGFR3 expression. The expression of FGFR3-AS1 and FGFR3 is positively correlated in osteosarcoma tissues. Knockdown of FGFR3-AS1 inhibits the proliferation and cell cycle progression of osteosarcoma cells in vitro. Moreover, knockdown of FGFR3-AS1 inhibits xenograft tumor growth of osteosarcoma cells in vivo. These data demonstrate the mechanisms of how antisense noncoding RNA regulate the expression of sense genes, and show the pivotal functions of FGFR3-AS1 in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabing Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xuming Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chunjiang Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jilong Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hanbing Hua
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhenggang Bi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
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42
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Elling R, Chan J, Fitzgerald KA. Emerging role of long noncoding RNAs as regulators of innate immune cell development and inflammatory gene expression. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:504-12. [PMID: 26820238 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system represents the first line of defense during infection and is initiated by the detection of conserved microbial products by germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Sensing through PRRs induces broad transcriptional changes that elicit powerful inflammatory responses. Tight regulation of these processes depends on multiple regulatory checkpoints, including noncoding RNA species such as microRNAs. In addition, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently gained attention as important regulators of gene expression acting through versatile interactions with DNA, RNA, or proteins. As such, these RNAs have a multitude of mechanisms to modulate gene expression. Here, we summarize recent advances in this rapidly moving and evolving field. We highlight the contribution of lncRNAs to both the development and activation of innate immune cells, whether it is in the nucleus, where lncRNAs alter the transcription of target genes through interaction with transcription factors, chromatin-modifying complexes or heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein complexes, or in the cytosol where they can control the stability of target mRNAs. In addition, we discuss experimental approaches required to comprehensively investigate the function of a candidate noncoding RNA locus, including loss-of-function approaches encompassing genomic deletions, RNA interference, locked nucleic acids, and various adaptions of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Elling
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jennie Chan
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Katherine A Fitzgerald
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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43
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Kamino T, Shimokura T, Morita Y, Tezuka Y, Nishizawa M, Tanaka K. Comparative analysis of the constituents in Saposhnikoviae Radix and Glehniae Radix cum Rhizoma by monitoring inhibitory activity of nitric oxide production. J Nat Med 2016; 70:253-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-016-0969-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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44
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Chen X, Fan S, Song E. Noncoding RNAs: New Players in Cancers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 927:1-47. [PMID: 27376730 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1498-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The world of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) has gained widespread attention in recent years due to their novel and crucial potency of biological regulation. Noncoding RNAs play essential regulatory roles in a broad range of developmental processes and diseases, notably human cancers. Regulatory ncRNAs represent multiple levels of structurally and functionally distinct RNAs, including the best-known microRNAs (miRNAs), the complicated long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and the newly identified circular RNAs (circRNAs). However, the mechanisms by which they act remain elusive. In this chapter, we will review the current knowledge of the ncRNA field, discussing the genomic context, biological functions, and mechanisms of action of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs. We also highlight the implications of the biogenesis and gene expression dysregulation of different ncRNA subtypes in the initiation and development of human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueman Chen
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siting Fan
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erwei Song
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, China.
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45
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Lourenco GF, Janitz M, Huang Y, Halliday GM. Long noncoding RNAs in TDP-43 and FUS/TLS-related frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Neurobiol Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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46
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Nalpas NC, Magee DA, Conlon KM, Browne JA, Healy C, McLoughlin KE, Rue-Albrecht K, McGettigan PA, Killick KE, Gormley E, Gordon SV, MacHugh DE. RNA sequencing provides exquisite insight into the manipulation of the alveolar macrophage by tubercle bacilli. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13629. [PMID: 26346536 PMCID: PMC4642568 DOI: 10.1038/srep13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis, the agent of bovine tuberculosis, causes an estimated $3 billion annual losses to global agriculture due, in part, to the limitations of current diagnostics. Development of next-generation diagnostics requires a greater understanding of the interaction between the pathogen and the bovine host. Therefore, to explore the early response of the alveolar macrophage to infection, we report the first application of RNA-sequencing to define, in exquisite detail, the transcriptomes of M. bovis-infected and non-infected alveolar macrophages from ten calves at 2, 6, 24 and 48 hours post-infection. Differentially expressed sense genes were detected at these time points that revealed enrichment of innate immune signalling functions, and transcriptional suppression of host defence mechanisms (e.g., lysosome maturation). We also detected differentially expressed natural antisense transcripts, which may play a role in subverting innate immune mechanisms following infection. Furthermore, we report differential expression of novel bovine genes, some of which have immune-related functions based on orthology with human proteins. This is the first in-depth transcriptomics investigation of the alveolar macrophage response to the early stages of M. bovis infection and reveals complex patterns of gene expression and regulation that underlie the immunomodulatory mechanisms used by M. bovis to evade host defence mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas C Nalpas
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David A Magee
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Kevin M Conlon
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - John A Browne
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Claire Healy
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Kirsten E McLoughlin
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Kévin Rue-Albrecht
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Paul A McGettigan
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Kate E Killick
- Systems Biology Ireland, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eamonn Gormley
- Tuberculosis Diagnostics and Immunology Research Centre, UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Stephen V Gordon
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David E MacHugh
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Chan J, Atianand M, Jiang Z, Carpenter S, Aiello D, Elling R, Fitzgerald KA, Caffrey DR. Cutting Edge: A Natural Antisense Transcript, AS-IL1α, Controls Inducible Transcription of the Proinflammatory Cytokine IL-1α. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:1359-63. [PMID: 26179904 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural antisense transcripts (NATs) are a class of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are complementary to other protein-coding genes. Although thousands of NATs are encoded by mammalian genomes, their functions in innate immunity are unknown. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel NAT, AS-IL1α, which is partially complementary to IL-1α. Similar to IL-1α, AS-IL1α is expressed at low levels in resting macrophages and is induced following infection with Listeria monocytogenes or stimulation with TLR ligands (Pam3CSK4, LPS, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid). Inducible expression of IL-1α mRNA and protein were significantly reduced in macrophages expressing shRNA that target AS-IL1α. AS-IL1α is located in the nucleus and did not alter the stability of IL-1α mRNA. Instead, AS-IL1α was required for the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to the IL-1α promoter. In summary, our studies identify AS-IL1α as an important regulator of IL-1α transcription during the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Chan
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Maninjay Atianand
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Zhaozhao Jiang
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Susan Carpenter
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Daniel Aiello
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Roland Elling
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Katherine A Fitzgerald
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605; Centre for Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Daniel R Caffrey
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605;
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48
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Korneev SA, Maconochie M, Naskar S, Korneeva EI, Richardson GP, O'Shea M. A novel long non-coding natural antisense RNA is a negative regulator of Nos1 gene expression. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11815. [PMID: 26154151 PMCID: PMC4495418 DOI: 10.1038/srep11815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding natural antisense transcripts (NATs) are widespread in eukaryotic species. Although recent studies indicate that long NATs are engaged in the regulation of gene expression, the precise functional roles of the vast majority of them are unknown. Here we report that a long NAT (Mm-antiNos1 RNA) complementary to mRNA encoding the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (Nos1) is expressed in the mouse brain and is transcribed from the non-template strand of the Nos1 locus. Nos1 produces nitric oxide (NO), a major signaling molecule in the CNS implicated in many important functions including neuronal differentiation and memory formation. We show that the newly discovered NAT negatively regulates Nos1 gene expression. Moreover, our quantitative studies of the temporal expression profiles of Mm-antiNos1 RNA in the mouse brain during embryonic development and postnatal life indicate that it may be involved in the regulation of NO-dependent neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei A Korneev
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Science, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Mark Maconochie
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Souvik Naskar
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Science, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Elena I Korneeva
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Science, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Guy P Richardson
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Science, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Michael O'Shea
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Science, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
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49
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Khorkova O, Hsiao J, Wahlestedt C. Basic biology and therapeutic implications of lncRNA. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 87:15-24. [PMID: 26024979 PMCID: PMC4544752 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), a class of non-coding RNA molecules recently identified largely due to the efforts of FANTOM, and later GENCODE and ENCODE consortia, have been a subject of intense investigation in the past decade. Extensive efforts to get deeper understanding of lncRNA biology have yielded evidence of their diverse structural and regulatory roles in protecting chromosome integrity, maintaining genomic architecture, X chromosome inactivation, imprinting, transcription, translation and epigenetic regulation. Here we will briefly review the recent studies in the field of lncRNA biology focusing mostly on mammalian species and discuss their therapeutic implications.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chromosomal Instability
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Evolution, Molecular
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/genetics
- Genetic Diseases, Inborn/diagnosis
- Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics
- Genetic Diseases, Inborn/therapy
- Humans
- Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/administration & dosage
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/therapeutic use
- RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional
- RNA, Long Noncoding/blood
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/urine
- Species Specificity
- Telomere/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- O Khorkova
- OPKO Health Inc., 10320 USA Today Way, Miramar, FL 33025, USA
| | - J Hsiao
- OPKO Health Inc., 10320 USA Today Way, Miramar, FL 33025, USA
| | - C Wahlestedt
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami 33136, FL, USA.
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50
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Tanemoto R, Okuyama T, Matsuo H, Okumura T, Ikeya Y, Nishizawa M. The constituents of licorice ( Glycyrrhiza uralensis) differentially suppress nitric oxide production in interleukin-1β-treated hepatocytes. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 2:153-159. [PMID: 29124157 PMCID: PMC5668654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Licorice (Glycyrrhizae radix) is the roots and stolons of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer or Glycyrrhiza glabra Linnaeus in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. Glycyrrhizae radix has been widely used as a sweetener and a traditional medicine. A Glycyrrhizae radix extract contains many constituents and has antispasmodic, antitussive, anti-ulcer, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, reports comparing the anti-inflammatory effects of these constituents are very few. Here, we purified several constituents from the roots and stolons of G. uralensis and examined and compared their anti-inflammatory effects by monitoring the levels of the inflammatory mediator, nitric oxide (NO), in interleukin (IL)-1β-treated rat hepatocytes. From the G. uralensis extract, we purified the main constituent glycyrrhizin and the constituents that are characteristic of G. uralensis (chalcones and flavanones). These constituents suppressed NO production in IL-1β-treated rat hepatocytes, and isoliquiritigenin showed the greatest suppression activity. Isoliquiritigenin, isoliquiritin, and liquiritigenin significantly decreased both protein and mRNA for the inducible nitric oxide synthase. These constituents reduced the levels of mRNAs encoding tumor necrosis factor α and IL-6. In contrast, although glycyrrhizin is abundant, it showed a 100-fold lower potency in NO suppression. Therefore, both glycyrrhizin and the minor constituents (isoliquiritigenin, isoliquiritin, and liquiritigenin) may be responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of G. uralensis. It is also implied that these constituents may have a therapeutic potential for inflammatory hepatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryunosuke Tanemoto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Okuyama
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Matsuo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Okumura
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Ikeya
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Mikio Nishizawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
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